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MacKenzie B, Mahavadi P, Jannini-Sa YAP, Creyns B, Coelho AL, Espindola M, Ruppert C, Hötzenecker K, Hogaboam C, Guenther A. Pre-clinical proof-of-concept of anti-fibrotic activity of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide LTI-03 in ex vivo precision cut lung slices from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.24.589970. [PMID: 38712072 PMCID: PMC11071419 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.589970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Rationale: While rodent lung fibrosis models are routinely used to evaluate novel antifibrotics, these models have largely failed to predict clinical efficacy of novel drug candidates for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, single target therapeutic strategies for IPF have failed and current multi-target standard of care drugs are not curative. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is an integral membrane protein, which, via its caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD), interacts with caveolin binding domains (CBD). CAV-1 regulates homeostasis, and its expression is decreased in IPF lungs. LTI-03 is a seven amino acid peptide derived from the CSD and formulated for dry powder inhalation; it was well tolerated in normal volunteers ( NCT04233814 ) and a safety trial is underway in IPF patients ( NCT05954988 ). Objectives: Anti-fibrotic efficacy of LTI-03 and other CSD peptides has been observed in IPF lung monocultures, and rodent pulmonary, dermal, and heart fibrosis models. This study aimed to characterize progressive fibrotic activity in IPF PCLS explants and to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of LTI-03 and nintedanib in this model. Methods: First, CBD regions were identified in IPF signaling proteins using in silico analysis. Then, IPF PCLS (n=8) were characterized by COL1A1 immunostaining, multiplex immunoassays, and bulk RNA sequencing following treatment every 12hrs with LTI-03 at 0.5, 3.0, or 10 μM; nintedanib at 0.1 μM or 1 μM; or control peptide (CP) at 10 μM. Measurements and Main Results: CBDs were present in proteins implicated in IPF, including VEGFR, FGFR and PDGFR. Increased expression of profibrotic mediators indicated active fibrotic activity in IPF PCLS over five days. LTI-03 dose dependently decreased COL1A1 staining, and like nintedanib, decreased profibrotic proteins and transcripts. Unlike nintedanib, LTI-03 did not induce cellular necrosis signals. Conclusion: IPF PCLS explants demonstrate molecular activity indicative of fibrosis during 5 days in culture and LTI-03 broadly attenuated pro-fibrotic proteins and pathways, further supporting the potential therapeutic effectiveness of LTI-03 for IPF.
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2
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Perri G, Vilas Boas VG, Nogueira MRS, Mello Júnior EJF, Coelho AL, Posadas EM, Hogaboam C, Cavassani KA, Campanelli AP. Interleukin 33 supports squamous cell carcinoma growth via a dual effect on tumour proliferation, migration and invasion, and T cell activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:110. [PMID: 38662248 PMCID: PMC11045681 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is an important cytokine in the tumour microenvironment; it is known to promote the growth and metastasis of solid cancers, such as gastric, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancer. Our group demonstrated that the IL-33/ST2 pathway enhances the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conversely, other researchers have reported that IL-33 inhibits tumour progression. In addition, the crosstalk between IL-33, cancer cells and immune cells in SCC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-33 on the biology of head and neck SCC lines and to evaluate the impact of IL-33 neutralisation on the T cell response in a preclinical model of SCC. First, we identified epithelial and peritumoural cells as a major local source of IL-33 in human SCC samples. Next, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the addition of IL-33 significantly increased the proliferative index, motility and invasiveness of SCC-25 cells, and downregulated MYC gene expression in SCC cell lines. Finally, IL-33 blockade significantly delayed SCC growth and led to a marked decrease in the severity of skin lesions. Importantly, anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody therapy increase the percentage of CD4+IFNγ+ T cells and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting IL-4 in tumour-draining lymph nodes. Together, these data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be involved in the crosstalk between the tumour and immune cells by modulating the phenotype of head and neck SCC and T cell activity. IL-33 neutralisation may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Perri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Garcia Vilas Boas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Renata Sales Nogueira
- Research and Teaching Division, State Department of Health, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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3
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Behr J, Salisbury ML, Walsh SLF, Podolanczuk AJ, Hariri LP, Hunninghake GM, Kolb M, Ryerson CJ, Cottin V, Beasley MB, Corte T, Glanville AR, Adegunsoye A, Hogaboam C, Wuyts WA, Noth I, Oldham JM, Richeldi L, Raghu G, Wells AU. The Role of Inflammation and Fibrosis in ILD Treatment Decisions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38484133 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0048pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Behr
- University of Munich, Department of Medicine V, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany;
| | - Margaret L Salisbury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Simon L F Walsh
- Imperial College London, 4615, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anna J Podolanczuk
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 12295, Department of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Martin Kolb
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Cottin
- Louis Pradel University Hospital, Respiratory Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Mary B Beasley
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, 5944, Department of Pathology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, 4334, Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- St Vincent's Hospital, Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- University of Chicago, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept. of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- K U Leuven, respiratory medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imre Noth
- University of Virginia, 2358, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Justin M Oldham
- University of California Davis, 8789, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Sede di Roma, 96983, Pulmonary Medicine, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- University of Washington Medical Center, 21617, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Athol U Wells
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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4
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Liang J, Huang G, Liu X, Liu N, Taghavifar F, Dai K, Yao C, Deng N, Wang Y, Chen P, Hogaboam C, Stripp BR, Parks WC, Noble PW, Jiang D. Reciprocal interactions between alveolar progenitor dysfunction and aging promote lung fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e85415. [PMID: 37314162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a critical risk factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Dysfunction and loss of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) with failed regeneration is a seminal causal event in the pathogenesis of IPF, although the precise mechanisms for their regenerative failure and demise remain unclear. To systematically examine the genomic program changes of AEC2s in aging and after lung injury, we performed unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analyses of lung epithelial cells from uninjured or bleomycin-injured young and old mice, as well as from lungs of IPF patients and healthy donors. We identified three AEC2 subsets based on their gene signatures. Subset AEC2-1 mainly exist in uninjured lungs, while subsets AEC2-2 and AEC2-3 emerged in injured lungs and increased with aging. Functionally, AEC2 subsets are correlated with progenitor cell renewal. Aging enhanced the expression of the genes related to inflammation, stress responses, senescence, and apoptosis. Interestingly, lung injury increased aging-related gene expression in AEC2s even in young mice. The synergistic effects of aging and injury contributed to impaired AEC2 recovery in aged mouse lungs after injury. In addition, we also identified three subsets of AEC2s from human lungs that formed three similar subsets to mouse AEC2s. IPF AEC2s showed a similar genomic signature to AEC2 subsets from bleomycin-injured old mouse lungs. Taken together, we identified synergistic effects of aging and AEC2 injury in transcriptomic and functional analyses that promoted fibrosis. This study provides new insights into the interactions between aging and lung injury with interesting overlap with diseased IPF AEC2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nan Deng
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, los Angeles, United States
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
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5
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Xie T, Kulur V, Liu N, Deng N, Wang Y, Rowan SC, Yao C, Huang G, Liu X, Taghavifar F, Liang J, Hogaboam C, Stripp B, Chen P, Jiang D, Noble PW. Mesenchymal growth hormone receptor deficiency leads to failure of alveolar progenitor cell function and severe pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabg6005. [PMID: 34108218 PMCID: PMC8189579 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified impaired type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) renewal in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) human organoids and severe fibrosis when ATII is defective in mice. ATIIs function as progenitor cells and require supportive signals from the surrounding mesenchymal cells. The mechanisms by which mesenchymal cells promote ATII progenitor functions in lung fibrosis are incompletely understood. We identified growth hormone receptor (GHR) is mainly expressed in mesenchymal cells, and its expression is substantially decreased in IPF lungs. Higher levels of GHR expression correlated with better lung function in patients with IPF. Profibrotic mesenchymal cells retarded ATII growth and were associated with suppressed vesicular GHR expression. Vesicles enriched with Ghr promote ATII proliferation and diminished pulmonary fibrosis in mesenchymal Ghr-deficient mice. Our findings demonstrate a previously unidentified mesenchymal paracrine signaling coordinated by GHR that is capable of supporting ATII progenitor cell renewal and limiting the severity of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon Coyle Rowan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Ferreira TPT, Lima JGME, Farias-Filho FA, Jannini de Sá YAP, de Arantes ACS, Guimarães FV, Carvalho VDF, Hogaboam C, Wallace J, Martins MA, Silva PMRE. Intranasal Flunisolide Suppresses Pathological Alterations Caused by Silica Particles in the Lungs of Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:388. [PMID: 32625168 PMCID: PMC7311565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease triggered by the inhalation of fine particles of crystalline silica and characterized by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the lungs. In spite of the therapeutic arsenal currently available, there is no specific treatment for the disease. Flunisolide is a potent corticosteroid shown to be effective for controlling chronic lung inflammatory diseases. In this study, the effect of flunisolide on silica-induced lung pathological changes in mice was investigated. Swiss-Webster mice were injected intranasally with silica particles and further treated with flunisolide from day 21 to 27 post-silica challenge. Lung function was assessed by whole body invasive plethysmography. Granuloma formation was evaluated morphometrically, collagen deposition by Picrus sirius staining and quantitated by Sircol. Chemokines and cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity of lung fibroblasts was also examined in in vitro assays. Silica challenge led to increased leukocyte numbers (mononuclear cells and neutrophils) as well as production of the chemokine KC/CXCL-1 and the cytokines TNF-α and TGF-β in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These alterations paralleled to progressive granuloma formation, collagen deposition and impairment of lung function. Therapeutic administration of intranasal flunisolide inhibited granuloma and fibrotic responses, noted 28 days after silica challenge. The upregulation of MIP-1α/CCL-3 and MIP-2/CXCL-2 and the cytokines TNF-α and TGF-β, as well as deposition of collagen and airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine were shown to be clearly sensitive to flunisolide, as compared to silica-challenge untreated mice. Additionally, flunisolide effectively suppressed the responses of proliferation and MCP-1/CCL-2 production from IL-13 stimulated lung fibroblasts from silica- or saline-challenged mice. In conclusion, we report that intranasal treatment with the corticosteroid flunisolide showed protective properties on pathological features triggered by silica particles in mice, suggesting that the compound may constitute a promising strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Wallace
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
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7
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Rasky A, Habiel DM, Morris S, Schaller M, Moore BB, Phan S, Kunkel SL, Phillips M, Hogaboam C, Lukacs NW. Inhibition of the stem cell factor 248 isoform attenuates the development of pulmonary remodeling disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L200-L211. [PMID: 31747308 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00114.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit have been implicated in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis. Ingenuity Integrated Pathway Analysis of gene expression array data sets showed an upregulation of SCF transcripts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung biopsies compared with tissue from nonfibrotic lungs that are further increased in rapid progressive disease. SCF248, a cleavable isoform of SCF, was abundantly and preferentially expressed in human lung fibroblasts and fibrotic mouse lungs relative to the SCF220 isoform. In fibroblast-mast cell coculture studies, blockade of SCF248 using a novel isoform-specific anti-SCF248 monoclonal antibody (anti-SCF248), attenuated the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 transcripts in cocultured IPF but not normal lung fibroblasts. Administration of anti-SCF248 on days 8 and 12 after bleomycin instillation in mice significantly reduced fibrotic lung remodeling and col1al, fn1, acta2, tgfb, and ccl2 transcript expression. In addition, bleomycin increased numbers of c-kit+ mast cells, eosinophils, and ILC2 in lungs of mice, whereas they were not significantly increased in anti-SCF248-treated animals. Finally, mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of SCF significantly attenuated bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis and associated fibrotic gene expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SCF is upregulated in diseased IPF lungs and blocking SCF248 isoform significantly ameliorates fibrotic lung remodeling in vivo suggesting that it may be a therapeutic target for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sem Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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8
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Amôr NG, de Oliveira CE, Gasparoto TH, Vilas Boas VG, Perri G, Kaneno R, Lara VS, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Martins GA, Hogaboam C, Cavassani KA, Campanelli AP. ST2/IL-33 signaling promotes malignant development of experimental squamous cell carcinoma by decreasing NK cells cytotoxicity and modulating the intratumoral cell infiltrate. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30894-30904. [PMID: 30112116 PMCID: PMC6089399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer and the mechanism(s) involved in the progression of this tumor are unknown. Increases in the expression of IL-33/ST2 axis components have been demonstrated to contribute to neoplastic transformation in several tumor models and interleukin-33 is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Based on these observations, we sought to determine the role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway during the development of SCC. Our findings show that ST2-deficiency led to a marked decrease in the severity of skin lesions, suggesting that ST2 signaling contributed to tumor development. An analysis of tumor lesions in wild-type and ST2KO mice revealed that a lack of ST2 was associated with specific and significant reductions in the numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In addition, NK cells that were isolated from ST2KO mice exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than cells isolated from wild-type mice. Notably, ST2 deficiency resulted in lower IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17 production in tumor samples. Our findings indicate that the IL-33/ST2 pathway contributes to the development of SCC by affecting leukocyte migration to tumor microenvironment and impairing NK cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Ghinelli Amôr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Carine Ervolino de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Garcia Vilas Boas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Graziela Perri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology - Oral Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Research Division of Immunology) and Medicine, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Dwyer
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Habiel
- 2 Department of Medicine.,3 Women's Guild Lung Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California and
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- 4 Department of Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
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10
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El-Sayed OM, Dewyer NA, Luke CE, Elfline M, Laser A, Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL, Henke PK. Intact Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in neutrophils modulates normal thrombogenesis in mice. J Vasc Surg 2015; 64:1450-1458.e1. [PMID: 26482993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletion of Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9) signaling, which is important for sterile inflammatory processes, results in impaired resolution of venous thrombosis (VT) in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine if deletion of Tlr9 affected sterile necrosis, apoptosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production in VT. METHODS Stasis and nonstasis murine models of VT were used in wild-type (WT) and Tlr9-/- mice, with assessment of thrombus size and determination of NETs, necrosis, and apoptosis markers. Anti-polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and antiplatelet antibody strategies were used to determine the cellular roles and their roles in WT and Tlr9-/- mice. RESULTS At 2 days, stasis thrombi in Tlr9-/- mice were 62% larger (n = 6-10), with 1.4-fold increased uric acid levels, 1.7-fold more apoptotic cells, 2-fold increased citrullinated histones, 2-fold increased peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and 1.5-fold increased elastase and a 2.4-fold reduction in tissue factor pathway inhibitor compared with WT mice (all n = 4-7; P < .05). In contrast, the sizes of nonstasis thrombi were not significantly different in Tlr9-/- mice (n = 4-6), and they did not have elevated necrosis or NET markers. Stasis thrombus size was not reduced at the 2-day time point in WT or Tlr9-/- mice that received treatment with deoxyribonuclease I or in PAD4-/- mice, which are incapable of forming NETs. In Tlr9-/- mice undergoing PMN depletion (n = 8-10), stasis thrombus size was reduced 18% and was associated with 29-fold decreased citrullinated histones, 1.3-fold decreased elastase, and 1.5-fold increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor (all n = 6; P < .05). Last, platelet depletion (>90% reduction) did not significantly reduce stasis thrombus size in Tlr9-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the thrombogenic model affects Tlr9 thrombogenic mechanisms and that functional Tlr9 signaling in PMNs, but not in platelets or NETs, is an important mechanism in early stasis experimental venous thrombogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M El-Sayed
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Nicholas A Dewyer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Catherine E Luke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Megan Elfline
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Adriana Laser
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Peter K Henke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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11
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Dewyer NA, El-Sayed OM, Luke CE, Elfline M, Kittan N, Allen R, Laser A, Oostra C, Comerota A, Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL, Henke PK. Divergent effects of Tlr9 deletion in experimental late venous thrombosis resolution and vein wall injury. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1028-37. [PMID: 26179893 DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) resolves via a sterile inflammatory response. Defining the inflammatory response of DVT may allow for new therapies that do not involve anticoagulation. Previously, we have shown that Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9) gene deleted mice had impaired venous thrombosis (VT) resolution. Here, we further characterise the role of Tlr9 signalling and sterile inflammation in chronic VT and vein wall responses. First, we found a human precedent exists with Tlr9+ cells present in chronic post thrombotic intraluminal tissue. Second, in a stasis VT mouse model, endogenous danger signal mediators of uric acid, HMGB-1, and neutrophil extracellular traps marker of citrullinated histone-3 (and extracellular DNA) were greater in Tlr9-/- thrombi as compared with wild-type (WT), corresponding with larger VT at 8 and 21 days. Fewer M1 type (CCR2+) monocyte/macrophages (MØ) were present in Tlr9-/- thrombi than WT controls at 8 days, suggesting an impaired inflammatory cell influx. Using bone marrow-derived monocyte (BMMØ) cell culture, we found decreased fibrinolytic gene expression with exposure to several endogenous danger signals. Next, adoptive transfer of cultured Tlr9+/+ BMMØ to Tlr9-/- mice normalised VT resolution at 8 days. Lastly, although the VT size was larger at 21 days in Tlr9-/- mice and correlated with decreased endothelial antigen markers, no difference in fibrosis was found. These data suggest that Tlr9 signalling in MØ is critical for later VT resolution, is associated with necrosis clearance, but does not affect later vein wall fibrosis. These findings provide insight into the Tlr9 MØ mechanisms of sterile inflammation in this disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter K Henke
- Peter K. Henke, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Rm. 5463, Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5867, USA, Tel.: +1 734 763 0250, Fax: +1 734 647 9867, E-mail:
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12
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Gallagher KA, Joshi A, Carson WF, Schaller M, Allen R, Mukerjee S, Kittan N, Feldman EL, Henke PK, Hogaboam C, Burant CF, Kunkel SL. Epigenetic changes in bone marrow progenitor cells influence the inflammatory phenotype and alter wound healing in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:1420-30. [PMID: 25368099 PMCID: PMC4375075 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Classically activated (M1) macrophages are known to play a role in the development of chronic inflammation associated with impaired wound healing in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the mechanism responsible for the dominant proinflammatory (M1) macrophage phenotype in T2D wounds is unknown. Since epigenetic enzymes can direct macrophage phenotypes, we assessed the role of histone methylation in bone marrow (BM) stem/progenitor cells in the programming of macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype. We have found that a repressive histone methylation mark, H3K27me3, is decreased at the promoter of the IL-12 gene in BM progenitors and this epigenetic signature is passed down to wound macrophages in a murine model of glucose intolerance (diet-induced obese). These epigenetically "preprogrammed" macrophages result in poised macrophages in peripheral tissue and negatively impact wound repair. We found that in diabetic conditions the H3K27 demethylase Jmjd3 drives IL-12 production in macrophages and that IL-12 production can be modulated by inhibiting Jmjd3. Using human T2D tissue and murine models, we have identified a previously unrecognized mechanism by which macrophages are programmed toward a proinflammatory phenotype, establishing a pattern of unrestrained inflammation associated with nonhealing wounds. Hence, histone demethylase inhibitor-based therapy may represent a novel treatment option for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Joshi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Ronald Allen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Nico Kittan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter K Henke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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13
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Habiel DM, Hogaboam C. Heterogeneity in fibroblast proliferation and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:2. [PMID: 24478703 PMCID: PMC3899580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of interstitial lung disease characterized by the persistence of activated myofibroblasts resulting in excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and profound tissue remodeling. Myofibroblasts have been shown to arise from interstitial fibroblasts, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the differentiation of recruited fibrocytes. There are many mechanisms that are utilized by these cells for survival, proliferation, and persistent activation including up-regulation of cytokines [i.e., Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21)], cytokine receptors [i.e., Interleukin 6Receptor 1 (IL-6R1), Glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and C-C Chemokine Receptor type 7 (CCR7)], and innate pattern recognition receptors [(PRRs; i.e., Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9)]. In this review, we will discuss the role of the cytokines IL-6 and CCL21, their receptors and the PRR, TLR9, in fibroblast recruitment, activation, survival, and differentiation into myofibroblasts in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Habiel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedar Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedar Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Sand JM, Larsen L, Hogaboam C, Martinez F, Han M, Røssel Larsen M, Nawrocki A, Zheng Q, Asser Karsdal M, Leeming DJ. MMP mediated degradation of type IV collagen alpha 1 and alpha 3 chains reflects basement membrane remodeling in experimental and clinical fibrosis--validation of two novel biomarker assays. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84934. [PMID: 24376856 PMCID: PMC3871599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibrosis is characterized by excessive tissue remodeling resulting from altered expression of various growth factors, cytokines and proteases. We hypothesized that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mediated degradation of type IV collagen, a main component of the basement membrane, will release peptide fragments (neo-epitopes) into the circulation. Here we present the development of two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for assessing the levels of specific fragments of type IV collagen α1 (C4M12a1) and α3 (C4M12a3) chains in serum as indicators of fibrosis. METHODS Fragments of type IV collagen cleaved in vitro by MMP-12 were identified by mass spectrometry, and two were chosen for ELISA development due to their unique sequences. The assays were evaluated using samples from a carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) rat model of liver fibrosis and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RESULTS Two technically robust ELISAs were produced using neo-epitope specific monoclonal antibodies. Mean serum C4M12a1 levels were significantly elevated in CCl₄-treated rats compared with controls in weeks 12, 16, and 20, with a maximum increase of 102% at week 16 (p < 0.0001). Further, C4M12a1 levels correlated with the total collagen content of the liver in CCl₄-treated rats (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). Mean serum C4M12a3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with mild, moderate, and severe IPF, and COPD relative to healthy controls, with a maximum increase of 321% in COPD (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Two assays measuring C4M12a1 and C4M12a3 enabled quantification of MMP mediated degradation of type IV collagen in serum. C4M12a1 was elevated in a pre-clinical model of liver fibrosis, and C4M12a3 was elevated in IPF and COPD patients. This suggests the use of these assays to investigate pathological remodeling of the basement membrane in different organs. However, validations in larger clinical settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie Marie Sand
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic, Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lise Larsen
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic, Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - MeiLan Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Laser A, Elfline M, Luke C, Slack D, Shah A, Sood V, Deatrick B, McEvoy B, Ostra C, Comerota A, Kunkel S, Hogaboam C, Henke PK. Deletion of cysteine-cysteine receptor 7 promotes fibrotic injury in experimental post-thrombotic vein wall remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:377-85. [PMID: 24311382 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep vein thrombosis (VT) can result in vein wall injury, which clinically manifests as post-thrombotic syndrome. Postinjury fibrosis may be modulated in part through cellular cysteine-cysteine receptor 7 (CCR7)-mediated events. We tested the hypothesis that late vein wall fibrotic remodeling is dependent on CCR7. APPROACH AND RESULTS CCR7(-/-) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice had inferior vena cava VT induced by nonstasis or stasis mechanisms. In both models, VT size was largest at day 1 and trended down by day 21, and CCR7(+) cells peaked at day 8 in wild-type mice. No significant differences in VT resolution were found in CCR7(-/-) as compared with wild type in either model. In the nonstasis VT model, vein wall changes consistent with fibrotic injury were evidenced by significant increases in collagen I, III, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and transforming growth factor-β gene expression, increases in α-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast specific protein-1 antigen, and total collagen at 8 days. Correspondingly, SM22α and fibroblast specific protein-1, but not DDR2(+) cells, were increased at 8 days. Early wild-type thrombus exposure inhibited profibrotic gene expression in CCR7(-/-) in ex vivo vein wall culture. Bone marrow chimera experiments further showed that circulating CCR7(+) leukocytes partially rescued midterm profibrotic changes in CCR7(-/-) mice. In human histological sections of chronic thrombosed femoral veins, CCR7(+) cells were present in the fibrotic areas. CONCLUSIONS Post-thrombotic vein wall remodeling is impaired in CCR7(-/-) mice, with a profibrotic phenotype, is dependent on the thrombotic mechanism, and is mediated by circulating CCR7(+) cells. Unlike other postinjury fibrotic responses, CCR7(+) signaling may be important for positive vein wall remodeling after VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Laser
- From the Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (A.L., M.E., C.L., D.S., A.S., V.S., B.D., B.M., S.K., C.H., P.K.H.) and Department of Pathology (A.L., M.E., C.L., D.S., A.S., V.S., B.D., B.M., S.K., C.H., P.K.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Jobst Vascular Center, Toledo, OH (C.O, A.C.)
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Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, King TE, Lynch DA, Nicholson AG, Ryerson CJ, Ryu JH, Selman M, Wells AU, Behr J, Bouros D, Brown KK, Colby TV, Collard HR, Cordeiro CR, Cottin V, Crestani B, Drent M, Dudden RF, Egan J, Flaherty K, Hogaboam C, Inoue Y, Johkoh T, Kim DS, Kitaichi M, Loyd J, Martinez FJ, Myers J, Protzko S, Raghu G, Richeldi L, Sverzellati N, Swigris J, Valeyre D. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:733-48. [PMID: 24032382 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201308-1483st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2575] [Impact Index Per Article: 234.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2002 the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) defined seven specific entities, and provided standardized terminology and diagnostic criteria. In addition, the historical "gold standard" of histologic diagnosis was replaced by a multidisciplinary approach. Since 2002 many publications have provided new information about IIPs. PURPOSE The objective of this statement is to update the 2002 ATS/ERS classification of IIPs. METHODS An international multidisciplinary panel was formed and developed key questions that were addressed through a review of the literature published between 2000 and 2011. RESULTS Substantial progress has been made in IIPs since the previous classification. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is now better defined. Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is now commonly diagnosed without surgical biopsy. The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is recognized to be heterogeneous. Acute exacerbation of IIPs is now well defined. A substantial percentage of patients with IIP are difficult to classify, often due to mixed patterns of lung injury. A classification based on observed disease behavior is proposed for patients who are difficult to classify or for entities with heterogeneity in clinical course. A group of rare entities, including pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis and rare histologic patterns, is introduced. The rapidly evolving field of molecular markers is reviewed with the intent of promoting additional investigations that may help in determining diagnosis, and potentially prognosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS This update is a supplement to the previous 2002 IIP classification document. It outlines advances in the past decade and potential areas for future investigation.
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Gallagher KA, Joshi A, Carson W, Coleman D, Henke P, Hogaboam C, Burant C, Kunkel S. Abstract 190: Epigenetic Modifications of Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression in Macrophages by a Demethylase Enzyme, JMJD3, May Promote Chronic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) Wounds. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Type 2 diabetic(T2D) wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation, maintained by an exaggerated M1(pro-inflammatory) macrophage phenotype response. We seek to define a link between epigenetic modifications of bone marrow(BM) cells in T2D and dysregulated macrophages in wounds. We hypothesized that a chromatin modifying demethylase enzyme, JMJD3, is responsible for the decrease in H3K27me3 repressive methylation at the IL-12 gene promoter and thus drives an M1 macrophage phenotype in T2D wounds.
Methods
BM/adipose tissue(AT)/wounds were harvested from 30 diet-induced obese mice(DIO)(MG= 350g/DL) and 30 matched(WT) controls. For chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) analysis, cells were isolated via ferromagnetic columns(CD34+,CD11b+). ChIP to detect histone methylation at the promoter regions of JMJD3 and IL-12(key M1 macrophage gene) was performed and RNA analysis was done with standard primers.
Results
JMJD3 mRNA in the BM is significantly increased in the DIO versus WT. ChIP showed increased H3K4me3(gene expression mark) in CD34+ progenitor cells and a corresponding decrease in H3K27me3(repressive mark) in monocytes at the promoter region of JMJD3. These changes correspond with the decrease in H3K27me3 seen at the IL-12 promoter in macrophages(CD11b+) from AT/T2D wounds.
Conclusions
Epigenetic changes initiated by JMJD3 in BM progenitor cells result in changes in histone methylation at the IL-12 promoter favoring an M1 phenotype in macrophages and thus contributes to the chronic inflammation seen in T2D wounds and AT. Whether manipulation of epigenetic enzymes could reduce chronic inflammation in T2D wounds requires further work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dawn Coleman
- Vascular Surgery, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter Henke
- Vascular Surgery, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Charles Burant
- Medicine/Cell Metabolism, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven Kunkel
- Pathology/Cell Biology, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Machado-Aranda D, Suresh M, Yu B, Cavassani K, Hogaboam C, Raghavan A, Raghavendran K. RNA From Necrotic Cells Drives the Acute Inflammatory Response and Injury Through Toll-Like Receptor-3 (TLR-3) Dependent Pathway in Lung Contusion. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Kittan N, Allen R, Hogaboam C, Kunkel S. Phenotypic and epigenetic approach evaluating human M1 and M2 macrophages (167.9). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.167.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages can be divided into a classically (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) phenotype depending on the cytokine environment. Commonly, IFNg±LPS and IL-4±IL-13 drive the M1 and M2 phenotype, respectively. In humans however, understanding of the M1/M2 paradigm is still evolving. Recent findings also suggest that the growth factors GM-CSF and M-CSF influence human macrophage development towards a M1- or M2-like phenotype. We analyzed macrophages grown from human blood monocytes under GM-CSF or M-CSF culture conditions that were treated with either IFNg ± LPS or IL-4/IL-13. Cells were analyzed for the expression of genes associated with the M1 and M2 phenotype. To further explore mechanisms defining the M1/M2 cells, superarray was performed to evaluate mRNA differences in the expression of chromatin modifying enzymes. In both GM-CSF and M-CSF cultured cells IFNg/LPS increased the expression of genes associated with M1 macrophages, e.g. CXCL10 and CCR7; while treatment with IL-4/IL-13 lead to an increase of M2 markers, Mannose Receptor and most prominent 15-Lipoxygenase. In addition, preliminary data also point to an involvement of histone modifying enzymes including MLL and KDM6B in the M1setting, whereas there was an association of DNA methyltransferase(s) like DNMT1 with the M2 phenotype. Overall, further analysis of the epigenetic mechanisms governing the M1/M2 phenotype will hopefully provide a better understanding of this important macrophage fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Allen
- 1Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Shibata T, Ismailoglu U, Coelho A, Lukacs N, Kunkel S, Moreira A, Hogaboam C. Gas6/TAM signaling differentially modulates chronic fungal asthma with the expansion of myeloid regulatory cell subsets in mice (57.7). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.57.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gas6, a Tyro3, Axl, Mertk (TAM) receptor ligand, is detected in a variety of diseases and has various roles. Herein, we show that Gas6 differentially modulates experimental fungal asthmatic response via the expansion and modulation of myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRCs). Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized mice were challenged with live Aspergillus conidia and received approximately 2 μg (low) or 7 μg (high) of recombinant Gas6 via intranasal installation from days 14 to 28 after conidia challenge. In the low dose Gas6 group, significant airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling, and whole lung IL-13 were observed compared with the control group. Although high dose Gas6 treatment significantly suppressed AHR and the whole lung levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with control, this treatment exacerbated airway remodeling. MDRCs have both disease enhancing and suppressing cells in asthma. Indeed, low dose Gas6 treatment increased the accumulation of CD11b+F4/80+Ly6C-Ly6G+ MDRC with pro-inflammatory properties into asthmatic lung whereas high dose Gas6 promoted the accumulation of immunosuppressive CD11b+F4/80+Ly6C+Ly6G- MDRC during chronic asthma. Anti-Axl Ab, but not anti-Mer Ab, treatment significantly suppressed not only AHR but also airway remodeling in asthmatic mice compared with IgG control asthmatic groups. Together, these results demonstrate that Gas6-TAM receptor interactions modulate fungal asthma, in part through effects on MDRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Coelho
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Steven Kunkel
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ana Moreira
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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21
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Saito F, Ito T, Burdick M, Allen R, Hogaboam C, Lukacs N, Strieter R, Kunkel S. Fibrocytes contribute to the increased levels of fibrosis observed in Th2 pulmonary granulomas in TLR9-/- mice (54.18). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.54.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite many recent advances in the field, the underlying mechanisms governing pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. We have used an experimental system of fibrotic granuloma development via the embolization of Schistosoma mansoni eggs to the lungs. Egg embolization results in the release of highly antigenic glycoproteins (Schistosoma egg antigen,SEA) that promote a dominant Th2 immune response. We previously demonstrated that in comparison to wild-type mice, TLR9-/- mice showed increased granuloma size and augmented collagen deposition. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the fibrotic change of this Th2-driven pulmonary granuloma system, and the contribution of TLR9 signals to this phenomenon. The chemokine receptor/ligand pair CXCR4/CXCL12 has been shown to play an important role in the homing of fibrocytes; these cells express CXCR4 and migrate in response to CXCL12 in a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Levels of CXCL12 were higher in the lungs of mice treated with S. mansoni eggs, but there were no difference between wild-type and TLR9-/- mice. Flow cytometry data indicated that TLR9-/- mice showed increased number of CD45+Col I+CXCR4+ fibrocytes in the lungs of TLR9-/- mice treated with S. mansoni eggs in comparison to wild-type mice. Thus, our results suggested that increased fibrocytes may contribute to the increased levels of fibrosis observed in TLR9-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitake Saito
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- 2Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marie Burdick
- 3Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ronald Allen
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Lukacs
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert Strieter
- 4Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Inst. for Allergy and Immunol., La Jolla, CA
| | - Steven Kunkel
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Dewyer N, Luke C, El-Sayed O, Elfline M, Kittan N, Allen R, Laser A, Hogaboam C, Kunkel S, Henke P. Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Mice Contains Extracellular DNA but not Extracellular RNA. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Saito F, Ito T, Schaller M, Carson W, Hogaboam C, Lukacs N, Standiford T, Rochford R, Kunkel S. MHV68 latency modulates host immune responses to H1N1 influenza virus (49.9). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.49.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are clinically important pathogens, as diseases caused by gammaherpesvirus infection are a significant human health concern. Additionally, latent gammaherpesvirus infection is widespread, and can have a profound effect on subsequent immune responses. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a natural rodent pathogen that has been used as a model to study the pathogenesis of human gammaherpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, MHV68 causes acute infection and establishes life-long latency in the host. Recently, it has been shown that mice latently infected with MHV68 have resistance to unrelated pathogens in secondary infection models. We therefore hypothesized that latent MHV68 infection can modulate host response to H1N1 influenza virus, a serotype with high associated mortality rates in humans. To test this hypothesis, mice were infected intranasally with influenza virus following the establishment of MHV68 latency. Mice latently infected with MHV68 showed significantly higher survival of H1N1 influenza virus infection than mock-infected mice. Latent MHV68 infection led to lower influenza viral loads in the lungs, as well as decreased inflammatory pathology in the lungs. Collectively, our findings indicate that latent MHV68 infection has a protective effect against H1N1 influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - Steven Kunkel
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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24
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Moreira A, Cavassani K, Hullinger R, Knight D, Kunkel S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Hogaboam C. The protective role of TLR6 during experimental fungal asthma is mediated by IL-23 and IL-17A. (103.6). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.103.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate pathogen recognition in the respiratory system, but TLR activation has both beneficial and deleterious effects during asthma. Clinical data demonstrates that TLR6 is an example of a pattern recognition receptor that exerts protective effects in clinical asthma. To explore the mechanism through which TLR6 expression by immune and inflammatory cells mediates this effect, we investigated its role in a murine model of Aspergillus fumigatus-induced chronic asthma. TLR6-/- mice with fungal asthma exhibited significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling compared with WT asthmatic groups. Surprisingly, whole lung levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly lower in TLR6-/- versus WT asthmatic mice. TLR6-/- DCs generated significantly less IL-23 upon activation with either lipopolysaccharide or zymosan. Impaired IL-23 generation in TLR6-/- mice also corresponded with significantly lower dectin-1 expression and Th17 expansion both in vivo and in vitro. Exogenous IL-23 treatment of asthmatic TLR6-/- mice in vivo restored IL-17A production and significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and lung fungal burden compared with untreated asthmatic TLR6-/- mice. Together, we demonstrate that TLR6 activation is critical for IL-23 and Th17, and both regulate the allergic inflammatory response during fungal asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreira
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Darryl Knight
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven Kunkel
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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25
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Laser A, Elfine M, Slack D, Luke C, Shah A, Kunkel S, Hogaboam C, Henke P. CCR7 Gene Deletion Inhibits Late Post Venous Thrombosis Vein Wall Remodeling. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Henke PK, Mitsuya M, Luke CE, Elfline MA, Baldwin JF, Deatrick KB, Diaz JA, Sood V, Upchurch GR, Wakefield TW, Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL. Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is critical for early experimental deep vein thrombosis resolution. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:43-9. [PMID: 20966396 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.216317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptors (TLR) bridge innate immunity and host responses, including inflammation. Sterile inflammation such as a venous thrombus (Vt) may involve TLR signaling, including TLR9. METHODS AND RESULTS TLR9 signaling on thrombus resolution was investigated using a mouse model of stasis Vt. Vt were significantly larger in TLR9-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) at 2 and 8 days, despite a 2-fold increase in thrombus polymorphonucleic neutrophils at 2 days and monocytes at 8 days, whereas thrombus collagen and neovascularization was 55% and 37% less, respectively, at 8 days. Coincidently, decreased fibrinogen and increased thrombin-antithrombin complex were observed in TLR9-/- mouse thrombi. Vein wall interferon-α, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-2 were significantly reduced in TLR9-/- mice compared with WT. Thrombus cell death pathway markers were not significantly altered at 2 days, but caspase-1 was reduced in TLR9-/- thrombi at 8 days. MyD88 confers TLR9 intracellular signaling, but MyD88-/- mice had Vt resolution similar to that of WT. However, inhibition of the NOTCH ligand δ-like 4 was associated with larger Vt. Finally, stimulation with a TLR9 agonist was associated with smaller Vt. CONCLUSIONS TLR9 signaling is integral for early and mid-Vt resolution through modulation of sterile inflammation, maintaining a TH1 milieu, and effects on the thrombosis pathway.
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27
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Kamio K, Liu XD, Sugiura H, Togo S, Kawasaki S, Wang X, Ahn Y, Hogaboam C, Rennard SI. Statins inhibit matrix metalloproteinase release from human lung fibroblasts. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:637-46. [PMID: 19797126 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropic effects of statins have been reported to include inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release from macrophages and endothelial cells. We evaluated whether statins would inhibit MMP release from human lung fibroblasts, which play a major role in remodelling processes. Monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel cultures of fibroblasts were used. Cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha) were used to induce MMP release and mRNA expression. Collagen degradation induced by cytokines and neutrophil elastase (NE) was evaluated by quantifying hydroxyproline. Atorvastatin inhibited MMP-1 and -3 release and mRNA expression in both culture systems. Similar results were obtained with simvastatin and fluvastatin. In 3D cultures where cytokines also stimulated MMP-9 release, atorvastatin also inhibited MMP-9 release. In 3D cultures, cytokines together with NE induced collagen degradation, which was also inhibited by atorvastatin. The effect of atorvastatin was reversed by mevalonate and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate but not by farnesyl-pyrophosphate. The current data suggest that statins may modulate remodelling processes mediated by fibroblasts by inhibiting MMP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamio
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA
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28
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Daley E, Emson C, Guignabert C, de Waal Malefyt R, Louten J, Kurup VP, Hogaboam C, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Voelkel NF, Rabinovitch M, Grunig E, Grunig G. Pulmonary arterial remodeling induced by a Th2 immune response. J Exp Med 2008; 205:361-72. [PMID: 18227220 PMCID: PMC2271018 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial remodeling characterized by increased vascular smooth muscle density is a common lesion seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a deadly condition. Clinical correlation studies have suggested an immune pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial remodeling, but experimental proof has been lacking. We show that immunization and prolonged intermittent challenge via the airways with either of two different soluble antigens induced severe muscularization in small- to medium-sized pulmonary arteries. Depletion of CD4(+) T cells, antigen-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) response, or the pathogenic Th2 cytokine interleukin 13 significantly ameliorated pulmonary arterial muscularization. The severity of pulmonary arterial muscularization was associated with increased numbers of epithelial cells and macrophages that expressed a smooth muscle cell mitogen, resistin-like molecule alpha, but surprisingly, there was no correlation with pulmonary hypertension. Our data are the first to provide experimental proof that the adaptive immune response to a soluble antigen is sufficient to cause severe pulmonary arterial muscularization, and support the clinical observations in pediatric patients and in companion animals that muscularization represents one of several injurious events to the pulmonary artery that may collectively contribute to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleen Daley
- St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
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29
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Daley E, Emson C, Guignabert C, de Waal Malefyt R, Louten J, Kurup VP, Hogaboam C, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Voelkel NF, Rabinovitch M, Grunig E, Grunig G. Pulmonary arterial remodeling induced by a Th2 immune response. J Cell Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1803oia9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Coelho AL, Schaller M, Hogaboam C, Kunkel S. Protective role of CCL6 during severe sepsis through interferon-γ generation and interferon-producing killer dendritic cells recruitment (44.18). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.44.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our group has previously demonstrated that CCL6 enhanced antimicrobial immunity during sepsis through an unknown mechanism. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism involved in the protective role of CCL6 during the severe sepsis. C57BL/6 transgenically overexpressing CCL6 (Tg) in the lung and wild type (WT) mice were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and sham operation, and survival was evaluated for up to 7 days post-CLP. Cells from peritoneal cavity (PC) were obtained 3 days after surgery. The CCL6 Tg group exhibited greater levels of CCL6 in the lung and PC when compared to WT group after sham and CLP surgery. While CCL6 Tg mice presented 90% of survival at day 7 only 20% of WT mice survived. High levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected in the PC of CCL6 Tg mice at 3 days post-CLP. Also, cells obtained from PC of these mice produced significantly levels of IFN-γ. When CCL6 Tg mice received anti-IFN-γ prior CLP, only 20% were alive. At 3 days after sham and CLP operation, the number of natural killer (NK) cells and interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) was increased in the peritoneal cavity of CCL6 Tg mice when compared to WT mice. These data suggest that the protective role of CCL6 may be due to its ability to contain the consequences of an inappropriate type 2-cytokine response during anti-pathogen responses. CCL6 may achieve this through promotion of IFN-γ and NK cells and IKDCs recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Coelho
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Rm4710, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Rm4710, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Rm4710, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Steven Kunkel
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Rm4710, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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31
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Grunig G, Daley E, Emson C, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Kurup VP, de Waal-Malefyt R, Hogaboam C, Grunig E, Voelkel NF. A Th2 response to chronic intermittent antigen exposure induces pulmonary vascular muscularization (96.8). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.96.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVRm) and its incidence is increased in many autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Currently it is not known whether inflammatory and immune responses are cause or consequence of PVRm. In this study immunized mice were intermittently exposed to inhaled soluble antigen over a period of several weeks. The antigen exposure induced dramatic PVRm in a CD4 T cell dependent manner. PVRm was characterized by hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells. To identify pathogenic mediators, IL-4 deficient mice and wild type mice transiently given an IL-13 blocker were examined. In both cases, the mice developed significantly less PVRm relative to immunized, antigen challenged, control wild type mice. Mice given recombinant IL-13 intranasally did not develop severe vascular muscularization indicating that IL-13 and, most likely IL-4 promote PVRm indirectly. In conclusion, our data are the first to provide proof of concept that the adaptive immune response to inhaled antigen can cause PVRm.
Supported by: Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute, Stony Wold Herbert Fund, American Lung Association of the City of New York
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grunig
- 1Pathology, Columbia University, 701 W 168th Street, HHSC1212, New York, NY, 10032,
| | - Eleen Daley
- 2St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, 432 W 58th Street, New York, NY, 10019,
| | - Claire Emson
- 3Schering Plough Biopharma, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304,
| | | | - Viswanath P. Kurup
- 5Medical college of Wisconsin, V.A. Medical Center, Research Service-151-i, Milwaukee, WI. 53295-1000, WI, 53295,
| | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- 6University of Michigan, Pathology 4057 BSRB 2200, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109,
| | - Ekkehard Grunig
- 7University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert F. Voelkel
- 4University of Colorado, Campus Box C272, Biomedical Research Building, Room 651D, Denver, CO, 80262,
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32
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Choi ES, Buckland K, Hogaboam C. Expression of TREM-1 in Macrophages is TLR2 dependent (51.7). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.51.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) are a group of cell surface proteins that contribute to inflammation, allergy, bone homeostasis, neurological development and coagulation, among other cellular processes. Specifically, activation of TREM-1 on monocytes has been shown to enhance the synthesis of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell surface molecules in the presence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Presently, little is known about the regulatory role of TLRs on TREM-1 expression and function in macrophages. Accordingly, we examined the expression and function of TREM-1 in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMØ) from non-sensitized and Aspergillus fumigatus sensitized wild type C57BL/6 (WT) and TLR2 deficient mice (TLR2−/−). In naïve WT BMMØ, TREM-1 expression was upregulated by IFNγ. BMMØ from naïve TLR2−/− mice did not express TREM-1 transcripts nor was it altered by cytokine or PAMP activation. In the context of sensitization, WT BMMØ expressed greater TREM-1 levels when compared with naive WT BMMØ. TREM-1 was detected in sensitized TLR2 −/− BMMØ but at much lower levels than sensitized WT BMMØ. Finally, both IFNγ and IL-13 increased expression of TREM-1 sensitized WT and TLR2−/− BMMØ. Thus, TLR2 expression was required for TREM-1 expression by BMMØ. Also, TREM-1 expression is markedly increased in BMMØ derived from allergic mice confirming a role for this receptor in allergic responses. Thus, regulation of TREM-1 expression may be a therapeutic target in allergic airway disease.
HL069865
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Choi
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 4678, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200
| | - Karen Buckland
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 4678, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 4678, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200
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33
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Kamio K, Liu X, Sugiura H, Togo S, Kobayashi T, Kawasaki S, Wang X, Mao L, Ahn Y, Hogaboam C, Toews ML, Rennard SI. Prostacyclin analogs inhibit fibroblast contraction of collagen gels through the cAMP-PKA pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:113-20. [PMID: 17363776 PMCID: PMC1899347 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0009oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin is an arachidonic acid metabolite that modulates vascular tone within the lung. The current study evaluated the hypothesis that prostacyclin can also modulate tissue remodeling by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of extracellular matrix. To accomplish this, fibroblasts were cultured in three-dimensional native type I collagen gels in the presence of prostacyclin analogs: carbaprostacyclin, iloprost, and beraprost. All three analogs significantly inhibited contraction of the three-dimensional collagen gels mediated by three different fibroblasts. All three analogs significantly inhibited fibronectin release and reduced fibroblast fibronectin mRNA expression. Addition of exogenous fibronectin restored the contractile activity to fibroblasts incubated in the presence of all three analogs. Iloprost and beraprost significantly activated cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A (PKA), and an action through this pathway was confirmed by blockade of the inhibitory effect on contraction and fibronectin release with the PKA inhibitor KT-5720. In contrast, carbaprostacyclin, which is not as selective for the prostacyclin (IP) receptor, did not activate PKA, and its effects on contraction and fibronectin release were not fully blocked by KT-5720. Finally, the cAMP analogs N(6)-Benzoyl- (6-Bnz-) cAMP and dibutyryl-cAMP inhibited contraction, and this contrasted with the activity of an Epac selective agonist 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, which had no effect. Taken together, these results indicate that prostacyclin, acting through the IP receptor and by activating PKA, can lead to inhibition of fibronectin release and can subsequently inhibit fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. The ability of prostacyclin to modulate fibroblast function suggests that prostacyclin can contribute to tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kamio
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985885 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5885, USA
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34
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Keane MP, Gomperts BN, Weigt S, Xue YY, Burdick MD, Nakamura H, Zisman DA, Ardehali A, Saggar R, Lynch JP, Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW, Ross DJ, Grusby MJ, Strieter RM, Belperio JA. IL-13 is pivotal in the fibro-obliterative process of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Immunol 2007; 178:511-9. [PMID: 17182591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute allograft rejection is considered to be a predominately type 1 immune mediated response to the donor alloantigen. However, the type 2 immune mediated response has been implicated in multiple fibroproliferative diseases. Based on the fibro-obliterative lesion found during bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), we hypothesized that the type 2 immune mediated response is involved in chronic lung allograft rejection. Specifically, whereas acute rejection is, in part, a type 1 immune response, chronic rejection is, in part, a type 2 immune response. We found the type 2 cytokine, IL-13, to be elevated and biologically active in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during BOS. Translational studies using a murine model of BOS demonstrated increased expression of IL-13 and its receptors that paralleled fibro-obliteration. In addition, in vivo neutralization of IL-13 reduced airway allograft matrix deposition and murine BOS, by a mechanism that was independent of IL-4. Furthermore, using IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) mice, we found increased fibro-obliteration. Moreover, anti-IL-13 therapy in combination with cyclosporin A had profound effects on reducing murine BOS. This supports the notion that IL-13 biological axis plays an important role during the pathogenesis of BOS independent of the IL-4 biological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Keane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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35
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Joshi BH, Hogaboam C, Dover P, Husain SR, Puri RK. Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases. Vitam Horm 2006; 74:479-504. [PMID: 17027527 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(06)74019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in various inflammatory diseases including cancer, asthma, and allergy. It mediates a variety of different effects on various cell types including B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2. The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. We have also demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 expression is greatly increased in lung cells when mice were challenged intranasally with bleomycin or Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, IL-13Ralpha2 increased in surgical lung biopsies from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitic interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. Based on various studies, it is concluded that IL-13Ralpha2-expressing cells are involved in various pulmonary pathological conditions. In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain. Thus, IL-13Ralpha2 chain may serve as a novel biomarker for diseased cells such as cancer or fibrosis and a target for receptor-directed therapeutic agents. To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced. This cytotoxin termed as IL-13PE38QQR or IL-13PE38, or IL-13PE is highly and specifically cytotoxic to a variety of human tumor cell lines. In preclinical models of human glioblastoma, head and neck and AIDS-associated Kaposi's cancer, IL-13PE has been found to have significant antitumor activity at a tolerated dose. Several phase I clinical trials have been completed in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Recently a phase III clinical trial (PRECISE) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma has been completed recruiting a total of 294 patients. IL-13PE cytotoxin has also shown a significant therapeutic effect in preclinical bleomycin or A. fumigatus or Schistosoma mansoni-induced pulmonary pathology including granulomatous fibrosis in mouse models. A clinical study in these diseases has yet to be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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36
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Huang S, Wettlaufer SH, Hogaboam C, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M. Prostaglandin E(2) inhibits collagen expression and proliferation in patient-derived normal lung fibroblasts via E prostanoid 2 receptor and cAMP signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L405-13. [PMID: 17028262 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled fibroblast activation is one of the hallmarks of fibrotic lung disease. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been shown to inhibit fibroblast migration, proliferation, collagen deposition, and myofibroblast differentiation in the lung. Understanding the mechanisms for these effects may provide insight into the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. Previous work has focused on commercially available fibroblast cell lines derived from tissue whose precise origin and histopathology are often unknown. Here, we sought to define the mechanism of PGE(2) inhibition in patient-derived fibroblasts from peripheral lung verified to be histologically normal. Fibroblasts were grown from explants of resected lung, and proliferation and collagen I expression was determined following treatment with PGE(2) or modulators of its receptors and downstream signaling components. PGE(2) inhibited fibroblast proliferation by 33% and collagen I expression by 62%. PGE(2) resulted in a 15-fold increase in intracellular cAMP; other cAMP-elevating agents inhibited collagen I in a manner similar to PGE(2). These effects were reproduced by butaprost, a PGE(2) analog selective for the cAMP-coupled E prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor, but not by selective EP3 or EP4 agonists. Fibroblasts expressed both major cAMP effectors, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP-1 (Epac-1), but only a selective PKA agonist was able to appreciably inhibit collagen I expression. Treatment with okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, potentiated the effects of PGE(2). Our data indicate that PGE(2) inhibits fibroblast activation in primary lung fibroblasts via binding of EP2 receptor and production of cAMP; inhibition of collagen I proceeds via activation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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37
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Henke PK, Pearce CG, Moaveni DM, Moore AJ, Lynch EM, Longo C, Varma M, Dewyer NA, Deatrick KB, Upchurch GR, Wakefield TW, Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL. Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model. J Immunol 2006; 177:3388-97. [PMID: 16920980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CCR2 is required for monocyte recruitment in many inflammatory processes, as well as conferring Th1 lymphokine responses. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) resolution represents a specific inflammatory response whereby the thrombus must be dissolved for restoration of blood flow. Using a stasis model of DVT in the mouse, we investigated the role of CCR2 on DVT resolution. Genetic deletion of CCR2 (CCR2-/-) was associated with larger thrombi at early and later time points, increased thrombus collagen, fewer thrombus monocytes (F4/80), and significantly impaired neovascularization. IL-2 and IFN-gamma were significantly reduced in early CCR2-/- thrombi, whereas MCP-1 was significantly increased, and Th2 lymphokines were unaffected. Supplementation of CCR2-/- mice with IFN-gamma normalized early thrombus resolution without increasing monocyte influx. Neither Ab depletion of IFN-gamma nor genetic deletion of IFN-gamma impaired early DVT resolution. Early fibrinolysis was not impaired in CCR2-/- mice, but a significant reduction in both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was observed. However, only MMP-9 activity was restored with administration of IFN-gamma. We conclude that an early CCR2-dependent Th1 lymphokine response predominates in normal DVT resolution, mediates this in part by MMP-9 activation, but is not solely dependent on IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Henke
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Moore BB, Kolodsick JE, Thannickal VJ, Cooke K, Moore TA, Hogaboam C, Wilke CA, Toews GB. CCR2-mediated recruitment of fibrocytes to the alveolar space after fibrotic injury. Am J Pathol 2005; 166:675-84. [PMID: 15743780 PMCID: PMC1780139 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived cells are known to play important roles in repair/regeneration of injured tissues, but their roles in pathological fibrosis are less clear. Here, we report a critical role for the chemokine receptor CCR2 in the recruitment and activation of lung fibrocytes (CD45(+), CD13(+), collagen 1(+), CD34(-)). Lung fibrocytes were isolated in significantly greater numbers from airspaces of fluorescein isothiocyanate-injured CCR2(+/+) mice than from CCR2(-/-) mice. Transplant of CCR2(+/+) bone marrow into CCR2(-/-) recipients restored recruitment of lung fibrocytes and susceptibility to fibrosis. Ex vivo PKH-26-labeled CCR2(+/+) lung fibrocytes also migrated to injured airspaces of CCR2(-/-) recipients in vivo. Isolated lung fibrocytes expressed CCR2 and migrated to CCL2, and CCL2 stimulated collagen secretion by lung fibrocytes. Fibrocytes could transition into fibroblasts in vitro, and this transition was associated with loss of CCR2 expression and enhanced production of collagen 1. This is the first report describing expression of CCR2 on lung fibrocytes and demonstrating that CCR2 regulates both recruitment and activation of these cells after respiratory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA.
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Kolodsick JE, Toews GB, Jakubzick C, Hogaboam C, Moore TA, McKenzie A, Wilke CA, Chrisman CJ, Moore BB. Protection from fluorescein isothiocyanate-induced fibrosis in IL-13-deficient, but not IL-4-deficient, mice results from impaired collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. J Immunol 2004; 172:4068-76. [PMID: 15034018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intratracheal injection of FITC results in acute lung injury and progresses to fibrosis by day 21 postchallenge. In response to FITC, BALB/c mice produce IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung. To investigate whether IL-4 and/or IL-13 were important profibrotic mediators in this model, we examined the fibrotic response to FITC in mice that were genetically deficient in IL-4 (IL-4(-/-)), IL-13 (IL-13(-/-)), or IL-4 and IL-13 combined (IL-4/13(-/-)). Baseline levels of collagen were similar in all mice. In response to FITC, both BALB/c and IL-4(-/-) mice developed fibrosis, whereas the IL-13(-/-) and IL-4/13(-/-) mice were significantly protected, as measured by total lung collagen levels and histology. Total leukocyte recruitment to the lung was similar in all four strains of mice when measured on days 7, 14, and 21 post-FITC. BALB/c mice showed prominent eosinophilia on day 7 that was absent in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-), and IL-4/13(-/-) mice, suggesting that eosinophilia is not necessary for development of a fibrotic response. There were no significant differences in the percentages of any other leukocytes analyzed between the genotypes. Similarly, protection in IL-13(-/-) mice was not associated with alterations in cytokine or eicosanoid profiles. Interestingly, TGF-beta1 production was not reduced in IL-13(-/-) mice. Analyses of fibroblasts isolated from the four genotypes demonstrated that although there were similar numbers of fibroblasts present in cultures of lung minces, fibroblasts from IL-13-deficient strains have reduced basal and stimulated levels of collagen production. IL-13Ralpha1 expression increases on fibroblasts during fibrotic responses in vivo, and IL-13 increases collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Thus, IL-13 mediates its profibrotic actions through direct effects on fibroblast production of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Kolodsick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ren X, Hogaboam C, Carpenter A, Colletti L. Stem cell factor restores hepatocyte proliferation in IL-6 knockout mice following 70% hepatectomy. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:1407-18. [PMID: 14597766 PMCID: PMC228393 DOI: 10.1172/jci17391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2002] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) is a molecule with known proliferative effects on hematopoietic cells. More recent studies suggest that this molecule may also have effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation in other types of cells. The current investigations demonstrate that there is a large reservoir of SCF in the liver, that hepatic SCF levels change dramatically following partial hepatectomy in mice, and that SCF blockade, either by administration of anti-SCF antibodies or by using genetically altered, SCF-deficient mice, inhibits hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy; if SCF is replaced in the genetically SCF-deficient mice after partial hepatectomy, hepatocyte proliferation is restored to that seen in WT animals. Furthermore, SCF administration to IL-6 knockout mice also restores hepatocyte proliferation to normal. In vitro studies using primary mouse hepatocytes demonstrate that SCF causes hepatocyte proliferation and is induced by IL-6 and that treatment with anti-SCF antibodies inhibits IL-6-induced hepatocyte proliferation. Further in vivo studies in IL-6 knockout mice demonstrate that SCF administration to these animals increases p-stat3 levels, suggesting that the SCF-induced increase in hepatocyte proliferation in this system is stat3-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0331, USA.
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Kunkel SL, Chensue SW, Lukacs N, Hogaboam C. Cytokine phenotypes serve as a paradigms for experimental immune-mediated lung diseases and remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 29:S63-6. [PMID: 14503557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ren X, Carpenter A, Hogaboam C, Colletti L. Mitogenic properties of endogenous and pharmacological doses of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 after 70% hepatectomy in the mouse. Am J Pathol 2003; 163:563-70. [PMID: 12875976 PMCID: PMC1868215 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show CXC chemokine elevations after hepatic resection; blockade of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein (ENA-78), a CXC chemokine, retards hepatic regeneration after resection. Additional studies demonstrate that exogenous macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, another CXC chemokine, is therapeutic in a murine acetaminophen toxicity model when other therapies fail. The current investigations study MIP-2's effects on the cellular mechanisms involved in liver regeneration in mice after 70% hepatectomy. Administration of exogenous MIP-2 after 70% hepatectomy dramatically increased hepatocyte proliferation as measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (stat-3) was also detected in greater abundance and persisted in hepatic nuclear extracts from MIP-2-treated mice compared with control mice after hepatic resection. Further, inhibition of the MIP-2 receptor, CXCR2, decreased baseline hepatocyte proliferation and stat-3 expression in the setting of partial hepatectomy. These data show that MIP-2 is important for hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy and that pharmacological MIP-2 doses after hepatic injury accelerate hepatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of end-stage, chronic lung disease is thought to be characterized by an initial inflammatory response followed by fibroproliferation and deposition of extracellular matrix. Many of these chronic lung disorders share a variety of common properties, including an unknown etiology, undefined mechanisms of initiation and maintenance, and progressive fibrosis. Unfortunately, efficacious therapeutic options are not readily available for the treatment of many chronic lung diseases, which may reflect the limited scientific and mechanistic understanding of these disorders. However, recent studies have shown that cytokine networks are likely operative in dictating the progression of these diseases, as these mediators can influence fibroblast activation, proliferation, and collagen deposition during the maintenance of chronic fibrotic lung disease. Accumulating data support the concept that the specific cytokine phenotype may provide a fundamental mechanism for the regulation or continuation of the fibrotic process. For example, interferon-gamma appears to suppresses fibroblast activities, such as proliferation and collagen production, while interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 can augment fibroblast growth and collagen production. Interestingly, these mediators are prototypic cytokines that functionally define either a type-1 or a type-2 immune response. Thus, experimental models of cell-mediated lung inflammation, which are characterized by either a type-1 or a type-2 response, will be useful in delineating the mechanisms that either maintain or resolve chronic lung inflammation and accompanying fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA
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Lukacs NW, Hogaboam C, Campbell E, Kunkel SL. Chemokines: function, regulation and alteration of inflammatory responses. Chem Immunol 1999; 72:102-20. [PMID: 10550933 DOI: 10.1159/000058729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
The induction of airway hyperreactivity during allergic responses involves multiple ill-defined mechanisms. Recently a role for stem cell factor (SCF) in the development of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation has been identified. In the present study we demonstrate that SCF has a role in both the inflammatory response and airway hyperreactivity. Neutralization of SCF or examination of SCF-mutant mice, which were deficient in SCF and pulmonary mast cells, demonstrated significant alterations in the allergen-induced airway hyperreactive responses. The reduced hyperreactivity response was accompanied by a significant reduction in eosinophil accumulation. To examine the direct role of SCF on airway hyperreactivity, we administered SCF into the airways of normal mice via intratracheal injections and demonstrated a dose dependent increase in airway hyperreactivity at 4 hours that was maintained at 24 hours after administration. Instillation of SCF into SCF-deficient (mast cell deficient) mice demonstrated significantly lower increases in airway hyperreactivity compared with the littermate controls with normal mast cell numbers. These studies demonstrate that locally expressed SCF can induce changes in airway physiology via mast cell activation, verifying the role of SCF in allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0602, USA
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Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM, Taub DD, Lincoln P, Standiford TJ, Lukacs NW. Novel Role of Transmembrane SCF for Mast Cell Activation and Eotaxin Production in Mast Cell-Fibroblast Interactions. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.6166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mast cell activation can be induced by multiple mechanisms, including IgE-, complement-, and stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated pathways. In addition, the interaction of mast cells with particular cell populations, such as fibroblasts, have also demonstrated increased mast cell reactivity. In these studies, we have investigated the role of fibroblast-mast cell interaction for induction of histamine release and chemokine production and the specific role of SCF during this interaction. Primary pulmonary fibroblast cell lines were grown in culture and used throughout these studies. Mast cells were grown in parallel with fibroblasts by incubation of bone marrow cells with SCF and IL-3. During mast cell-fibroblast coculture, increased histamine release could be attenuated either by separation of the cell populations using a Trans-Well setup, which did not allow cellular contact, or by specific anti-SCF Ab. In addition, a significant increase in eotaxin, a potent eosinophil-specific C-C chemokine, was also observed during fibroblast-mast cell interaction. The production of eotaxin was cell contact dependent and could be inhibited using an anti-SCF Ab or specific antisense therapy. SCF was constitutively produced from fibroblasts in its transmembrane form and could be induced by TNF. SCF-coated plates induced significant mast cell-derived eotaxin production, whereas soluble SCF induced little or no eotaxin, suggesting a necessity for receptor cross-linking for activation. These studies indicate that fibroblast-mast cell contact plays a role in exacerbation of histamine release and eotaxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Strieter
- †Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | | | | | - Theodore J. Standiford
- †Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
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Hogaboam C, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM, Taub DD, Lincoln P, Standiford TJ, Lukacs NW. Novel role of transmembrane SCF for mast cell activation and eotaxin production in mast cell-fibroblast interactions. J Immunol 1998; 160:6166-71. [PMID: 9637535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell activation can be induced by multiple mechanisms, including IgE-, complement-, and stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated pathways. In addition, the interaction of mast cells with particular cell populations, such as fibroblasts, have also demonstrated increased mast cell reactivity. In these studies, we have investigated the role of fibroblast-mast cell interaction for induction of histamine release and chemokine production and the specific role of SCF during this interaction. Primary pulmonary fibroblast cell lines were grown in culture and used throughout these studies. Mast cells were grown in parallel with fibroblasts by incubation of bone marrow cells with SCF and IL-3. During mast cell-fibroblast coculture, increased histamine release could be attenuated either by separation of the cell populations using a Trans-Well setup, which did not allow cellular contact, or by specific anti-SCF Ab. In addition, a significant increase in eotaxin, a potent eosinophil-specific C-C chemokine, was also observed during fibroblast-mast cell interaction. The production of eotaxin was cell contact dependent and could be inhibited using an anti-SCF Ab or specific antisense therapy. SCF was constitutively produced from fibroblasts in its transmembrane form and could be induced by TNF. SCF-coated plates induced significant mast cell-derived eotaxin production, whereas soluble SCF induced little or no eotaxin, suggesting a necessity for receptor cross-linking for activation. These studies indicate that fibroblast-mast cell contact plays a role in exacerbation of histamine release and eotaxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hogaboam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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