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Kaler L, Engle EM, Iverson E, Boboltz A, Ignacio MA, Rife M, Scull MA, Duncan G. Mucus physically restricts influenza A viral particle access to the epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.14.553271. [PMID: 37645821 PMCID: PMC10462089 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Prior work suggests influenza A virus (IAV) crosses the airway mucus barrier in a sialic acid-dependent manner through the actions of the viral envelope proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. However, host and viral factors that influence how efficiently mucus traps IAV remain poorly defined. In this work, we assessed how the physicochemical properties of mucus influence its ability to effectively capture IAV with altered sialic acid preference using fluorescence video microscopy and multiple particle tracking. We found an airway mucus gel layer must be produced with pores on the order of size of the virus to physically constrain IAV. Sialic acid binding by IAV also improves mucus trapping efficiency, but interestingly, sialic acid preferences had little impact on the fraction of IAV particles expected to penetrate the mucus barrier. Together, this work provides new insights on mucus barrier function toward IAV with important implications on innate host defense and interspecies transmission.
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2
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Pathinayake PS, Hsu ACY, Nichol KS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances the expression of TLR3-induced TSLP by airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L618-L626. [PMID: 38469627 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived pleiotropic cytokine that regulates T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses in the lung and plays a major role in severe uncontrolled asthma. Emerging evidence suggests a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we determined if ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling are involved in TSLP induction in the airway epithelium. For this, we treated human bronchial epithelial basal cells and differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells with ER stress inducers and the TSLP mRNA and protein expression was determined. A series of siRNA gene knockdown experiments were conducted to determine the ER stress-induced TSLP signaling pathways. cDNA collected from asthmatic bronchial biopsies was used to determine the gene correlation between ER stress and TSLP. Our results show that ER stress signaling induces TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. AP-1 transcription factor is important in regulating this ER stress-induced TSLP mRNA induction, though ER stress alone cannot induce TSLP protein production. However, ER stress significantly enhances TLR3-induced TSLP protein secretion in the airway epithelium. TSLP and ER stress (PERK) mRNA expression positively correlates in bronchial biopsies from participants with asthma, particularly in neutrophilic asthma. In conclusion, these results suggest that ER stress primes TSLP that is then enhanced further upon TLR3 activation, which may induce severe asthma exacerbations. Targeting ER stress using pharmacological interventions may provide novel therapeutics for severe uncontrolled asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TSLP is an epithelial-derived cytokine and a key regulator in the pathogenesis of severe uncontrolled asthma. We demonstrate a novel mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling upregulates airway epithelial TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway and enhances TLR3-mediated TSLP protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AIRMED Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Paudel KR, Clarence DD, Panth N, Manandhar B, De Rubis G, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Zacconi FC, Williams KA, Pont LG, Singh SK, Warkiani ME, Adams J, MacLoughlin R, Oliver BG, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Zerumbone liquid crystalline nanoparticles protect against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2465-2483. [PMID: 37851060 PMCID: PMC10933165 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of zerumbone-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (ZER-LCNs) in the protection of broncho-epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro. The effect of the treatment of ZER-LCNs on in vitro cell models of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated mouse RAW264.7 and human BCi-NS1.1 basal epithelial cell lines was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-senescence activities using colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays, fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR and proteome profiler kit. The ZER-LCNs successfully reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers including Il-6, Il-1β and Tnf-α, as well as the production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, ZER-LCNs successfully inhibited oxidative stress through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and regulation of genes, namely GPX2 and GCLC in BCi-NS1.1 cells. Anti-senescence activity of ZER-LCNs was also observed in BCi-NS1.1 cells, with significant reductions in the expression of SIRT1, CDKN1A and CDKN2A. This study demonstrates strong in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-senescence activities of ZER-LCNs paving the path for this formulation to be translated into a promising therapeutic agent for chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions including COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dvya Delilaa Clarence
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Flavia C Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Macul, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kylie A Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lisa G Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Rodriguez Galvan JJ, de Vries M, Belblidia S, Fisher A, Prescott RA, Crosse KM, Mangel WF, Duerr R, Dittmann M. In-silico docking platform with serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) structures identifies host cysteine protease targets with significance for SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2022.11.18.517133. [PMID: 36415456 PMCID: PMC9681043 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.18.517133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Serine Protease Inhibitors (SERPINs) regulate protease activity in various physiological processes such as inflammation, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, their potential in combating viral infections, where proteases are also crucial, remains underexplored. This is due to our limited understanding of SERPIN expression during viral-induced inflammation and of the SERPINs' full spectrum of target proteases. Here, we demonstrate widespread expression of human SERPINs in response to respiratory virus infections, both in vitro and in vivo , alongside classical antiviral effectors. Through comprehensive in-silico docking with full-length SERPIN and protease 3D structures, we confirm known inhibitors of specific proteases; more importantly, the results predict novel SERPIN-protease interactions. Experimentally, we validate the direct inhibition of key proteases essential for viral life cycles, including the SERPIN PAI-1's capability to inhibit select cysteine proteases such as cathepsin L, and the serine protease TMPRSS2. Consequently, PAI-1 suppresses spike maturation and multi-cycle SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our findings challenge conventional notions of SERPIN selectivity, underscore the power of in-silico docking for SERPIN target discovery, and offer potential therapeutic interventions targeting host proteolytic pathways to combat viruses with urgent unmet therapeutic needs. SIGNIFICANCE Serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including viral infections. However, our comprehension of the full array of proteases targeted by the SERPIN family has traditionally been limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of their regulatory potential. We developed an in-silico docking platform to identify new SERPIN target proteases expressed in the respiratory tract, a critical viral entry portal. The platform confirmed known and predicted new targets for every SERPIN examined, shedding light on previously unrecognized patterns in SERPIN selectivity. Notably, both key proteases for SARS-CoV-2 maturation were among the newly predicted targets, which we validated experimentally. This underscores the platform's potential in uncovering targets with significance in viral infections, paving the way to define the full potential of the SERPIN family in infectious disease and beyond.
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Laborda P, Lolle S, Hernando-Amado S, Alcalde-Rico M, Aanæs K, Martínez JL, Molin S, Johansen HK. Mutations in the efflux pump regulator MexZ shift tissue colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a state of antibiotic tolerance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2584. [PMID: 38519499 PMCID: PMC10959964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mexZ, encoding a negative regulator of the expression of the mexXY efflux pump genes, are frequently acquired by Pseudomonas aeruginosa at early stages of lung infection. Although traditionally related to resistance to the first-line drug tobramycin, mexZ mutations are associated with low-level aminoglycoside resistance when determined in the laboratory, suggesting that their selection during infection may not be necessarily, or only, related to tobramycin therapy. Here, we show that mexZ-mutated bacteria tend to accumulate inside the epithelial barrier of a human airway infection model, thus colonising the epithelium while being protected against diverse antibiotics. This phenotype is mediated by overexpression of lecA, a quorum sensing-controlled gene, encoding a lectin involved in P. aeruginosa tissue invasiveness. We find that lecA overexpression is caused by a disrupted equilibrium between the overproduced MexXY and another efflux pump, MexAB, which extrudes quorum sensing signals. Our results indicate that mexZ mutations affect the expression of quorum sensing-regulated pathways, thus promoting tissue invasiveness and protecting bacteria from the action of antibiotics within patients, something unnoticeable using standard laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Laborda
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Signe Lolle
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Manuel Alcalde-Rico
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kasper Aanæs
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Molin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Myszor IT, Lapka K, Hermannsson K, Rekha RS, Bergman P, Gudmundsson GH. Bile acid metabolites enhance expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in airway epithelium through activation of the TGR5-ERK1/2 pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6750. [PMID: 38514730 PMCID: PMC10957955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Signals for the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis are provided in part by commensal bacteria metabolites, that promote tissue homeostasis in the gut and remote organs as microbiota metabolites enter the bloodstream. In our study, we investigated the effects of bile acid metabolites, 3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA), alloisolithocholic acid (AILCA) and isolithocholic acid (ILCA) produced from lithocholic acid (LCA) by microbiota, on the regulation of innate immune responses connected to the expression of host defense peptide cathelicidin in lung epithelial cells. The bile acid metabolites enhanced expression of cathelicidin at low concentrations in human bronchial epithelial cell line BCi-NS1.1 and primary bronchial/tracheal cells (HBEpC), indicating physiological relevance for modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium by bile acid metabolites. Our study concentrated on deciphering signaling pathways regulating expression of human cathelicidin, revealing that LCA and 3-oxoLCA activate the surface G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) cascade, rather than the nuclear receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, farnesoid X receptor and vitamin D3 receptor in bronchial epithelium. Overall, our study provides new insights into the modulation of innate immune responses by microbiota bile acid metabolites in the gut-lung axis, highlighting the differences in epithelial responses between different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kornelia Lapka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjan Hermannsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Mahieu L, Van Moll L, De Vooght L, Delputte P, Cos P. In vitro modelling of bacterial pneumonia: a comparative analysis of widely applied complex cell culture models. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae007. [PMID: 38409952 PMCID: PMC10913945 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia greatly contributes to the disease burden and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections among all age groups and risk profiles. Therefore, laboratory modelling of bacterial pneumonia remains important for elucidating the complex host-pathogen interactions and to determine drug efficacy and toxicity. In vitro cell culture enables for the creation of high-throughput, specific disease models in a tightly controlled environment. Advanced human cell culture models specifically, can bridge the research gap between the classical two-dimensional cell models and animal models. This review provides an overview of the current status of the development of complex cellular in vitro models to study bacterial pneumonia infections, with a focus on air-liquid interface models, spheroid, organoid, and lung-on-a-chip models. For the wide scale, comparative literature search, we selected six clinically highly relevant bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus). We reviewed the cell lines that are commonly used, as well as trends and discrepancies in the methodology, ranging from cell infection parameters to assay read-outs. We also highlighted the importance of model validation and data transparency in guiding the research field towards more complex infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mahieu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laurence Van Moll
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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8
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Sake SM, Zhang X, Rajak MK, Urbanek-Quaing M, Carpentier A, Gunesch AP, Grethe C, Matthaei A, Rückert J, Galloux M, Larcher T, Le Goffic R, Hontonnou F, Chatterjee AK, Johnson K, Morwood K, Rox K, Elgaher WAM, Huang J, Wetzke M, Hansen G, Fischer N, Eléouët JF, Rameix-Welti MA, Hirsch AKH, Herold E, Empting M, Lauber C, Schulz TF, Krey T, Haid S, Pietschmann T. Drug repurposing screen identifies lonafarnib as respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein inhibitor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1173. [PMID: 38332002 PMCID: PMC10853176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, older adults and the immunocompromised. Effective directly acting antivirals are not yet available for clinical use. To address this, we screen the ReFRAME drug-repurposing library consisting of 12,000 small molecules against RSV. We identify 21 primary candidates including RSV F and N protein inhibitors, five HSP90 and four IMPDH inhibitors. We select lonafarnib, a licensed farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and phase III candidate for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) therapy, for further follow-up. Dose-response analyses and plaque assays confirm the antiviral activity (IC50: 10-118 nM). Passaging of RSV with lonafarnib selects for phenotypic resistance and fixation of mutations in the RSV fusion protein (T335I and T400A). Lentiviral pseudotypes programmed with variant RSV fusion proteins confirm that lonafarnib inhibits RSV cell entry and that these mutations confer lonafarnib resistance. Surface plasmon resonance reveals RSV fusion protein binding of lonafarnib and co-crystallography identifies the lonafarnib binding site within RSV F. Oral administration of lonafarnib dose-dependently reduces RSV virus load in a murine infection model using female mice. Collectively, this work provides an overview of RSV drug repurposing candidates and establishes lonafarnib as a bona fide fusion protein inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja M Sake
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manoj Kumar Rajak
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Melanie Urbanek-Quaing
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnaud Carpentier
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia P Gunesch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Grethe
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Matthaei
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Center of Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-HZI, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Insitute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wetzke
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Hannover, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Hannover, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Insitute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles St. Quentin; UMR 1173 (2I), INSERM; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, DMU15, Versailles, France
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-HZI, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Herold
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-HZI, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chris Lauber
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sibylle Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, HZI, Braunschweig, Germany.
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9
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide, but not ivermectin, inhibits anoctamin 1 and 6 and attenuates inflammation of the respiratory tract. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:211-227. [PMID: 37979051 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, asthma and COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of pulmonary cytokines. Two well-established antiparasitic drugs, niclosamide and ivermectin, are intensively discussed for the treatment of viral inflammatory airway infections. Here, we examined these repurposed drugs with respect to their anti-inflammatory effects in airways in vivo and in vitro. Niclosamide reduced mucus content, eosinophilic infiltration and cell death in asthmatic mouse lungs in vivo and inhibited release of interleukins in the two differentiated airway epithelial cell lines CFBE and BCi-NS1.1 in vitro. Cytokine release was also inhibited by the knockdown of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) and the phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F), which have previously been shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ levels near the plasma membrane and to facilitate exocytosis. At concentrations around 200 nM, niclosamide inhibited inflammation, lowered intracellular Ca2+, acidified cytosolic pH and blocked activation of ANO1 and ANO6. It is suggested that niclosamide brings about its anti-inflammatory effects at least in part by inhibiting ANO1 and ANO6, and by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels. In contrast to niclosamide, 1 µM ivermectin did not exert any of the effects described for niclosamide. The present data suggest niclosamide as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in CF, asthma, and COVID-19, in addition to its previously reported antiviral effects. It has an advantageous concentration-response relationship and is known to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Joaquín Cáceres C, Claire Gay L, Jain A, Mejías TD, Cardenas M, Seibert B, Faccin FC, Cowan B, Geiger G, Baker AV, Carnaccini S, Huw Davies D, Rajao DS, Perez DR. FLUAV RAM-IGIP: A modified live influenza virus vaccine that enhances humoral and mucosal responses against influenza. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576908. [PMID: 38328128 PMCID: PMC10849573 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Current influenza A vaccines fall short, leaving both humans and animals vulnerable. To address this issue, we have developed attenuated modified live virus (MLV) vaccines against influenza using genome rearrangement techniques targeting the internal gene segments of FLUAV. The rearranged M2 (RAM) strategy involves cloning the M2 ORF downstream of the PB1 ORF in segment 2 and incorporating multiple early stop codons within the M2 ORF in segment 7. Additionally, the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP) coding region was inserted into the HA segment to further attenuate the virus and enhance protective mucosal responses. RAM-IGIP viruses exhibit similar growth rates to wild type (WT) viruses in vitro and remain stable during multiple passages in cells and embryonated eggs. The safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the RAM-IGIP MLV vaccine against the prototypical 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) (Ca/04) were evaluated in Balb/c mice and compared to a prototypic cold-adapted live attenuated virus vaccine. The results demonstrate that the RAM-IGIP virus exhibits attenuated virulence in vivo. Mice vaccinated with RAM-IGIP and subsequently challenged with an aggressive lethal dose of the Ca/04 strain exhibited complete protection. Analysis of the humoral immune response revealed that the inclusion of IGIP enhanced the production of neutralizing antibodies and augmented the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity response. Similarly, the RAM-IGIP potentiated the mucosal immune response against various FLUAV subtypes. Moreover, increased antibodies against NP and NA responses were observed. These findings support the development of MLVs utilizing genome rearrangement strategies in conjunction with the incorporation of immunomodulators. IMPORTANCE Current influenza vaccines offer suboptimal protection, leaving both humans and animals vulnerable. Our novel attenuated MLV vaccine, built by rearranging FLUAV genome segments and incorporating the IgA-inducing protein, shows promising results. This RAM-IGIP vaccine exhibits safe attenuation, robust immune responses, and complete protection against lethal viral challenge in mice. Its ability to stimulate broad-spectrum humoral and mucosal immunity against diverse FLUAV subtypes makes it a highly promising candidate for improved influenza vaccines.
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11
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Gartner MJ, Lee LYY, Mordant FL, Suryadinata R, Chen J, Robinson P, Polo JM, Subbarao K. Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) SARS-CoV-2 strains are dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the human respiratory tract. MED 2023; 4:944-955.e7. [PMID: 37769654 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in late 2021 and became the globally dominant variant by January 2022. Authentic virus and pseudovirus systems have shown Omicron spike has an increased dependence on the endosomal pathway for entry. METHODS We investigated the entry mechanisms of Omicron, Delta, and ancestral viruses in cell models that represent different parts of the human respiratory tract, including nasal epithelial cells (hNECs), large-airway epithelial cells (LAECs), small-airway epithelial cells, and embryonic stem cell-derived type II alveolar cells. FINDINGS Omicron had an early replication advantage in LAECs, while Delta grew to higher titers in all cells. Omicron maintained dependence on serine proteases for entry in all culture systems. While serine protease inhibition with camostat was less robust for Omicron in hNECs, endosomal entry was not enhanced. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that entry of Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the respiratory tract. FUNDING This work was supported by The Medical Research Future Fund (MRF9200007; K.S., J.M.P.) and the DHHS Victorian State Government grant (Victorian State Government; DJPR/COVID-19; K.S, J.M.P.). K.S. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Investigator grant (APP1177174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Randy Suryadinata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne at the Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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12
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Subramaniyan B, Larabee JL, Bodas M, Moore AR, Burgett AWG, Papin JF, Walters MS. Inhibition of the Cellular Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:367-370. [PMID: 37655875 PMCID: PMC10503309 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0076le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason L. Larabee
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Manish Bodas
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma
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13
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Prescott RA, Pankow AP, de Vries M, Crosse KM, Patel RS, Alu M, Loomis C, Torres V, Koralov S, Ivanova E, Dittmann M, Rosenberg BR. A comparative study of in vitro air-liquid interface culture models of the human airway epithelium evaluating cellular heterogeneity and gene expression at single cell resolution. Respir Res 2023; 24:213. [PMID: 37635251 PMCID: PMC10464153 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The airway epithelium is composed of diverse cell types with specialized functions that mediate homeostasis and protect against respiratory pathogens. Human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures at air-liquid interface are a physiologically relevant in vitro model of this heterogeneous tissue and have enabled numerous studies of airway disease. HAE cultures are classically derived from primary epithelial cells, the relatively limited passage capacity of which can limit experimental methods and study designs. BCi-NS1.1, a previously described and widely used basal cell line engineered to express hTERT, exhibits extended passage lifespan while retaining the capacity for differentiation to HAE. However, gene expression and innate immune function in BCi-NS1.1-derived versus primary-derived HAE cultures have not been fully characterized. METHODS BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures (n = 3 independent differentiations) and primary-derived HAE cultures (n = 3 distinct donors) were characterized by immunofluorescence and single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq). Innate immune functions were evaluated in response to interferon stimulation and to infection with viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. RESULTS We confirm at high resolution that BCi-NS1.1- and primary-derived HAE cultures are largely similar in morphology, cell type composition, and overall gene expression patterns. While we observed cell-type specific expression differences of several interferon stimulated genes in BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures, we did not observe significant differences in susceptibility to infection with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results further support BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures as a valuable tool for the study of airway infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Prescott
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alec P Pankow
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Keaton M Crosse
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Roosheel S Patel
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Alu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Victor Torres
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sergei Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ellie Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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14
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Lee RE, Reidel B, Nelson MR, Macdonald JK, Kesimer M, Randell SH. Air-Liquid Interface Cultures to Model Drug Delivery through the Mucociliary Epithelial Barrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114866. [PMID: 37196698 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells from mucociliary portions of the airways can be readily grown and expanded in vitro. When grown on a porous membrane at an air-liquid interface (ALI) the cells form a confluent, electrically resistive barrier separating the apical and basolateral compartments. ALI cultures replicate key morphological, molecular and functional features of the in vivo epithelium, including mucus secretion and mucociliary transport. Apical secretions contain secreted gel-forming mucins, shed cell-associated tethered mucins, and hundreds of additional molecules involved in host defense and homeostasis. The respiratory epithelial cell ALI model is a time-proven workhorse that has been employed in various studies elucidating the structure and function of the mucociliary apparatus and disease pathogenesis. It serves as a critical milestone test for small molecule and genetic therapies targeting airway diseases. To fully exploit the potential of this important tool, numerous technical variables must be thoughtfully considered and carefully executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
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15
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Barrier ML, Myszor IT, Sahariah P, Sigurdsson S, Carmena-Bargueño M, Pérez-Sánchez H, Gudmundsson GH. Aroylated phenylenediamine HO53 modulates innate immunity, histone acetylation and metabolism. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:153-164. [PMID: 36812763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of antibiotic resistance, the need to find alternative treatment strategies is urgent. Our research aimed to use synthetized aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) to induce the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) to minimize the necessity of antibiotic use during infection. One of these compounds, HO53, showed promising results in inducing CAMP expression in bronchial epithelium cells (BCi-NS1.1 hereafter BCi). Thus, to decipher the cellular effects of HO53 on BCi cells, we performed RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis after 4, 8 and 24 h treatment of HO53. The number of differentially expressed transcripts pointed out an epigenetic modulation. Yet, the chemical structure and in silico modeling indicated HO53 as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. When exposed to a histone acetyl transferase (HAT) inhibitor, BCi cells showed a decreased expression of CAMP. Inversely, when treated with a specific HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP996), BCi cells showed an increased expression of CAMP, indicating acetylation status in cells as determinant for the induction of the expression of the gene CAMP expression. Interestingly, a combination treatment with both HO53 and HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 leads to a further increase of CAMP expression. Moreover, HDAC3 inhibition by RGFP966 leads to increased expression of STAT3 and HIF1A, both previously demonstrated to be involved in pathways regulating CAMP expression. Importantly, HIF1α is considered as a master regulator in metabolism. A significant number of genes of metabolic enzymes were detected in our RNAseq data with enhanced expression conveying a shift toward enhanced glycolysis. Overall, we are demonstrating that HO53 might have a translational value against infections in the future through a mechanism leading to innate immunity strengthening involving HDAC inhibition and shifting the cells towards an immunometabolism, which further favors innate immunity activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Laurence Barrier
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Iwona Teresa Myszor
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Priyanka Sahariah
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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16
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Two-Step Infection Screen Reveals Inhibitors of Early and Late Life Cycle Stages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0103222. [PMID: 36346232 PMCID: PMC9765014 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01032-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections. Effective, directly acting antivirals against hRSV are not available. We aimed to discover new and chemically diverse candidates to enrich the hRSV drug development pipeline. We used a two-step screen that interrogates compound efficacy after primary infection and a consecutive virus passaging. We resynthesized selected hit molecules and profiled their activities with hRSV lentiviral pseudotype cell entry, replicon, and time-of-addition assays. The breadth of antiviral activity was tested against recent RSV clinical strains and human coronavirus (hCoV-229E), and in pseudotype-based entry assays with non-RSV viruses. Screening 6,048 molecules, we identified 23 primary candidates, of which 13 preferentially scored in the first and 10 in the second rounds of infection, respectively. Two of these molecules inhibited hRSV cell entry and selected for F protein resistance within the fusion peptide. One molecule inhibited transcription/replication in hRSV replicon assays, did not select for phenotypic hRSV resistance and was active against non-hRSV viruses, including hCoV-229E. One compound, identified in the second round of infection, did not measurably inhibit hRSV cell entry or replication/transcription. It selected for two coding mutations in the G protein and was highly active in differentiated BCi-NS1.1 lung cells. In conclusion, we identified four new hRSV inhibitor candidates with different modes of action. Our findings build an interesting platform for medicinal chemistry-guided derivatization approaches followed by deeper phenotypical characterization in vitro and in vivo with the aim of developing highly potent hRSV drugs.
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17
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Humbert MV, Spalluto CM, Bell J, Blume C, Conforti F, Davies ER, Dean LSN, Elkington P, Haitchi HM, Jackson C, Jones MG, Loxham M, Lucas JS, Morgan H, Polak M, Staples KJ, Swindle EJ, Tezera L, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Towards an artificial human lung: modelling organ-like complexity to aid mechanistic understanding. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200455. [PMID: 35777774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for over 5 million deaths yearly and are a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Murine models have been of paramount importance to decode human lung biology in vivo, but their genetic, anatomical, physiological and immunological differences with humans significantly hamper successful translation of research into clinical practice. Thus, to clearly understand human lung physiology, development, homeostasis and mechanistic dysregulation that may lead to disease, it is essential to develop models that accurately recreate the extraordinary complexity of the human pulmonary architecture and biology. Recent advances in micro-engineering technology and tissue engineering have allowed the development of more sophisticated models intending to bridge the gap between the native lung and its replicates in vitro Alongside advanced culture techniques, remarkable technological growth in downstream analyses has significantly increased the predictive power of human biology-based in vitro models by allowing capture and quantification of complex signals. Refined integrated multi-omics readouts could lead to an acceleration of the translational pipeline from in vitro experimental settings to drug development and clinical testing in the future. This review highlights the range and complexity of state-of-the-art lung models for different areas of the respiratory system, from nasal to large airways, small airways and alveoli, with consideration of various aspects of disease states and their potential applications, including pre-clinical drug testing. We explore how development of optimised physiologically relevant in vitro human lung models could accelerate the identification of novel therapeutics with increased potential to translate successfully from the bench to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- M.V. Humbert and C.M. Spalluto are co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph Bell
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lareb S N Dean
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Elkington
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Le Moigne V, Blouquit-Laye S, Desquesnes A, Girard-Misguich F, Herrmann JL. Liposomal amikacin and Mycobacterium abscessus: intimate interactions inside eukaryotic cells. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3496-3503. [PMID: 36253948 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species, is considered an MDR organism. Among the standard antimicrobial multi-drug regimens against Mabs, amikacin is considered as one of the most effective. Parenteral amikacin, as a consequence of its inability to penetrate inside the cells, is only active against extracellular mycobacteria. The use of inhaled liposomal amikacin may yield improved intracellular efficacy by targeting Mabs inside the cells, while reducing its systemic toxicity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the colocalization of an amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension (ALIS) with intracellular Mabs, and then to measure its intracellular anti-Mabs activity. METHODS We evaluated the colocalization of ALIS with Mabs in eukaryotic cells such as macrophages (THP-1 and J774.2) or pulmonary epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1 and MucilAir), using a fluorescent ALIS and GFP-expressing Mabs, to test whether ALIS reaches intracellular Mabs. We then evaluated the intracellular anti-Mabs activity of ALIS inside macrophages using cfu and/or luminescence. RESULTS Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated fluorescent ALIS and GFP-Mabs colocalization in macrophages and epithelial cells. We also showed that ALIS was active against intracellular Mabs at a concentration of 32 to 64 mg/L, at 3 and 5 days post-infection. Finally, ALIS intracellular activity was confirmed when tested against 53 clinical Mabs isolates, showing intracellular growth reduction for nearly 80% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments demonstrate the intracellular localization and intracellular contact between Mabs and ALIS, and antibacterial activity against intracellular Mabs, showing promise for its future use for Mabs pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Moigne
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sabine Blouquit-Laye
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Aurore Desquesnes
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,AP-HP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France
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19
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Song D, Iverson E, Kaler L, Boboltz A, Scull MA, Duncan GA. MUC5B mobilizes and MUC5AC spatially aligns mucociliary transport on human airway epithelium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5049. [PMID: 36427316 PMCID: PMC9699686 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secreted mucus is a frontline defense against respiratory infection, enabling the capture and swift removal of infectious or irritating agents from the lungs. Airway mucus is composed of two mucins: mucin 5B (MUC5B) and 5AC (MUC5AC). Together, they form a hydrogel that can be actively transported by cilia along the airway surface. In chronic respiratory diseases, abnormal expression of these mucins is directly implicated in dysfunctional mucus clearance. Yet, the role of each mucin in supporting normal mucus transport remains unclear. Here, we generate human airway epithelial tissue cultures deficient in either MUC5B or MUC5AC to understand their individual contributions to mucus transport. We find that MUC5B and MUC5AC deficiency results in impaired and discoordinated mucociliary transport, respectively, demonstrating the importance of each mucin to airway clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Allison Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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20
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Kelly JN, Laloli L, V’kovski P, Holwerda M, Portmann J, Thiel V, Dijkman R. Comprehensive single cell analysis of pandemic influenza A virus infection in the human airways uncovers cell-type specific host transcriptional signatures relevant for disease progression and pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:978824. [PMID: 36268025 PMCID: PMC9576848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium constitutes the first line of defense against invading respiratory pathogens, such as the 2009 pandemic strain of influenza A virus (IAV, H1N1pdm09), and plays a crucial role in the host antiviral response to infection. Despite its importance, however, it remains unknown how individual cell types within the respiratory epithelium respond to IAV infection or how the latter may influence IAV disease progression and pathogenesis. Here, we used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to dissect the host response to IAV infection in its natural target cells. scRNA-seq was performed on human airway epithelial cell (hAEC) cultures infected with either wild-type pandemic IAV (WT) or with a mutant version of IAV (NS1R38A) that induced a robust innate immune response. We then characterized both the host and viral transcriptomes of more than 19,000 single cells across the 5 major cell types populating the human respiratory epithelium. For all cell types, we observed a wide spectrum of viral burden among single infected cells and a disparate host response between infected and bystander populations. Interestingly, we also identified multiple key differences in the host response to IAV among individual cell types, including high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in secretory and basal cells and an important role for luminal cells in sensing and restricting incoming virus. Multiple infected cell types were shown to upregulate interferons (IFN), with type III IFNs clearly dominating the antiviral response. Transcriptional changes in genes related to cell differentiation, cell migration, and tissue repair were also identified. Strikingly, we also detected a shift in viral host cell tropism from non-ciliated cells to ciliated cells at later stages of infection and observed major changes in the cellular composition. Microscopic analysis of both WT and NS1R38A virus-infected hAECs at various stages of IAV infection revealed that the transcriptional changes we observed at 18 hpi were likely driving the downstream histopathological alterations in the airway epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cell type-specific host antiviral response to influenza virus infection in its natural target cells – namely, the human respiratory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N. Kelly
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Laloli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip V’kovski
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Portmann
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ronald Dijkman,
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21
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Karra N, Fernandes J, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Integrating an aerosolized drug delivery device with conventional static cultures and a dynamic airway barrier microphysiological system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054102. [PMID: 36118260 PMCID: PMC9473724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organ on a chip or microphysiological systems (MPSs) aim to resolve current challenges surrounding drug discovery and development resulting from an unrepresentative static cell culture or animal models that are traditionally used by generating a more physiologically relevant environment. Many different airway MPSs have been developed that mimic alveolar or bronchial interfaces, but few methods for aerosol drug delivery at the air-liquid interface exist. This work demonstrates a compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) drug delivery device that generates an aerosol of respirable size for delivery of compounds directly onto polarized or differentiated epithelial cell cultures within an airway barrier MPS and conventional static inserts. As proof of principle, the SAW drug delivery device was used to nebulize viral dsRNA analog poly I:C and steroids fluticasone and dexamethasone without disrupting their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hywel Morgan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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22
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Membrane-Tethered Mucin 1 Is Stimulated by Interferon and Virus Infection in Multiple Cell Types and Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection in Human Airway Epithelium. mBio 2022; 13:e0105522. [PMID: 35699372 PMCID: PMC9426523 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01055-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Tethered mucin 1 (MUC1) is highly expressed in airway epithelium, the primary site of IAV replication, and also by other cell types that influence IAV infection, including macrophages. MUC1 has the potential to influence infection dynamics through physical interactions and/or signaling activity, yet MUC1 modulation and its impact during viral pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, we investigated MUC1-IAV interactions in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE). Our data indicate that a recombinant IAV hemagglutinin (H3) and H3N2 virus can bind endogenous HAE MUC1. Notably, infection of HAE with H1N1 or H3N2 IAV strains does not trigger MUC1 shedding but instead stimulates an increase in cell-associated MUC1 protein. We observed a similar increase after type I or III interferon (IFN) stimulation; however, inhibition of IFN signaling during H1N1 infection only partially abrogated this increase, indicating that multiple soluble factors contribute to MUC1 upregulation during the antiviral response. In addition to HAE, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages also upregulated MUC1 protein in response to IFN treatment and conditioned media from IAV-infected HAE. Then, to determine the impact of MUC1 on IAV pathogenesis, we developed HAE genetically depleted of MUC1 and found that MUC1 knockout cultures exhibited enhanced viral growth compared to control cultures for several IAV strains. Together, our data support a model whereby MUC1 inhibits productive uptake of IAV in HAE. Infection then stimulates MUC1 expression on multiple cell types through IFN-dependent and -independent mechanisms that further impact infection dynamics.
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23
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Guimond S, Mycroft-West CJ, Gandhi NS, Tree JA, Le TT, Spalluto CM, Humbert MV, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Wand M, Nyström K, Said J, Setoh YX, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Sng JDJ, Chhabra M, Young PR, Rawle DJ, Lima MA, Yates EA, Karlsson R, Miller RL, Chen YH, Bagdonaite I, Yang Z, Stewart J, Nguyen D, Laidlaw S, Hammond E, Dredge K, Wilkinson TMA, Watterson D, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A, Carroll MW, Trybala E, Bergström T, Ferro V, Skidmore MA, Turnbull JE. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike-ACE2 Interaction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:527-545. [PMID: 35647275 PMCID: PMC9136977 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a coreceptor with the ACE2 protein for the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new therapeutic target. Clinically used heparins demonstrate an inhibitory activity but have an anticoagulant activity and are supply-limited, necessitating alternative solutions. Here, we show that synthetic HS mimetic pixatimod (PG545), a cancer drug candidate, binds and destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and directly inhibits its binding to ACE2, consistent with molecular modeling identification of multiple molecular contacts and overlapping pixatimod and ACE2 binding sites. Assays with multiple clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus show that pixatimod potently inhibits the infection of monkey Vero E6 cells and physiologically relevant human bronchial epithelial cells at safe therapeutic concentrations. Pixatimod also retained broad potency against variants of concern (VOC) including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, in a K18-hACE2 mouse model, pixatimod significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral titers in the upper respiratory tract and virus-induced weight loss. This demonstration of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity tolerant to emerging mutations establishes proof-of-concept for targeting the HS-Spike protein-ACE2 axis with synthetic HS mimetics and provides a strong rationale for clinical investigation of pixatimod as a potential multimodal therapeutic for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Julia A. Tree
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria V. Humbert
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R. Buttigieg
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Elmore
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wand
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - James Stewart
- Department
of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen Laidlaw
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Hammond
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Vito Ferro
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- ;
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24
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Mir SM, Chen J, Pinezich MR, O'Neill JD, Guenthart BA, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kim J. Imaging-Guided Bioreactor for Generating Bioengineered Airway Tissue. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63544. [PMID: 35467661 PMCID: PMC9204391 DOI: 10.3791/63544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated injury to airway tissue can impair lung function and cause chronic lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Advances in regenerative medicine and bioreactor technologies offer opportunities to produce lab-grown functional tissue and organ constructs that can be used to screen drugs, model disease, and engineer tissue replacements. Here, a miniaturized bioreactor coupled with an imaging modality that allows in situ visualization of the inner lumen of explanted rat trachea during in vitro tissue manipulation and culture is described. Using this bioreactor, the protocol demonstrates imaging-guided selective removal of endogenous cellular components while preserving the intrinsic biochemical features and ultrastructure of the airway tissue matrix. Furthermore, the delivery, uniform distribution, and subsequent prolonged culture of exogenous cells on the decellularized airway lumen with optical monitoring in situ are shown. The results highlight that the imaging-guided bioreactor can potentially be used to facilitate the generation of functional in vitro airway tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology
| | - John D O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | | | | | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology;
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25
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Chen Q, Langenbach S, Li M, Xia YC, Gao X, Gartner MJ, Pharo EA, Williams SM, Todd S, Clarke N, Ranganathan S, Baker ML, Subbarao K, Stewart AG. ACE2 Expression in Organotypic Human Airway Epithelial Cultures and Airway Biopsies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813087. [PMID: 35359837 PMCID: PMC8963460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an acute respiratory disease with systemic complications. Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, including repurposing (partially) developed drugs are urgently needed, regardless of the increasingly successful vaccination outcomes. We characterized two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional models (3D) to establish a physiologically relevant airway epithelial model with potential for investigating SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. Human airway basal epithelial cells maintained in submerged 2D culture were used at low passage to retain the capacity to differentiate into ciliated, club, and goblet cells in both air-liquid interface culture (ALI) and airway organoid cultures, which were then analyzed for cell phenotype makers. Airway biopsies from non-asthmatic and asthmatic donors enabled comparative evaluation of the level and distribution of immunoreactive angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 and transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2) mRNA were expressed in ALI and airway organoids at levels similar to those of native (i.e., non-cultured) human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas furin expression was more faithfully represented in ALI. ACE2 was mainly localized to ciliated and basal epithelial cells in human airway biopsies, ALI, and airway organoids. Cystic fibrosis appeared to have no influence on ACE2 gene expression. Neither asthma nor smoking status had consistent marked influence on the expression or distribution of ACE2 in airway biopsies. SARS-CoV-2 infection of ALI cultures did not increase the levels of selected cytokines. Organotypic, and particularly ALI airway cultures are useful and practical tools for investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluating the clinical potential of therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shenna Langenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxiu C. Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xumei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Gartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Pharo
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinéad M. Williams
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadeene Clarke
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair G. Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alastair G. Stewart,
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Expression of SLC26A9 in Airways and Its Potential Role in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062998. [PMID: 35328418 PMCID: PMC8950296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 is an epithelial anion transporter with a poorly defined function in airways. It is assumed to contribute to airway chloride secretion and airway surface hydration. However, immunohistochemistry showing precise localization of SLC26A9 in airways is missing. Some studies report localization near tight junctions, which is difficult to reconcile with a chloride secretory function of SLC26A9. We therefore performed immunocytochemistry of SLC26A9 in sections of human and porcine lungs. Obvious apical localization of SLC26A9 was detected in human and porcine superficial airway epithelia, whereas submucosal glands did not express SLC26A9. The anion transporter was located exclusively in ciliated epithelial cells. Highly differentiated BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells grown on permeable supports also expressed SLC26A9 in the apical membrane of ciliated epithelial cells. BCi-NS1 cells expressed the major Cl− transporting proteins CFTR, TMEM16A and SLC26A9 in about equal proportions and produced short-circuit currents activated by increases in intracellular cAMP or Ca2+. Both CFTR and SLC26A9 contribute to basal chloride currents in non-stimulated BCi-NS1 airway epithelia, with CFTR being the dominating Cl− conductance. In wtCFTR-expressing CFBE human airway epithelial cells, SLC26A9 was partially located in the plasma membrane, whereas CFBE cells expressing F508del-CFTR showed exclusive cytosolic localization of SLC26A9. Membrane localization of SLC26A9 and basal chloride currents were augmented by interleukin 13 in wild-type CFTR-expressing cells, but not in cells expressing the most common disease-causing mutant F508del-CFTR. The data suggest an upregulation of SLC26A9-dependent chloride secretion in asthma, but not in the presence of F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)941-943-4302; Fax: +49-(0)941-943-4315
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Kan S, Grainge C, Nichol K, Reid A, Knight D, Sun Y, Bartlett N, Liang M. TLR7 agonist loaded airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles stimulate innate immunity and suppress viral replication in human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121586. [PMID: 35181464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery is a strategy for increasing the therapeutic window of inhaled immunomodulatory drugs that have inflammatory activity. TLR7 agonists are a class of immunomodulators that have been considered for the treatment of virus-induced respiratory diseases. However, due to high immune-stimulatory activity, TLR7 agonists, delivered via direct exposure, generally have a narrow therapeutic window. To address this, we have developed lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody for targeted delivery of TLR7 agonist (CL264) to airway epithelial cells (AECs)2 - the primary site of respiratory virus infection. These airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles (AEC-NPs)3 showed safety and biocompatibility, and approximately two-fold increased cellular uptake compared to non-targeting NPs. Upon cell entry, AEC-NPs were able to deliver CL264 to cytoplasm and endosomes where TLR7 is located. CL264 delivered by AEC-NPs significantly increased innate immune response through expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ 2/3 and IFN-stimulated genes and suppressed more than 92% of viral load at 48 hours post-infection compared to the drug alone and non-targeting NPs. In conclusion, AEC-NPs exhibited increased cellular uptake leading to enhanced innate immune activation and suppression of viral replication. These findings support the use of AEC-targeting approach for delivering drugs with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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28
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Guo W, Porter LM, Crozier TWM, Coates M, Jha A, McKie M, Nathan JA, Lehner PJ, Greenwood EJD, McCaughan F. Topical TMPRSS2 inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in differentiated human airway cultures. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101116. [PMID: 35110354 PMCID: PMC8814636 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited effective prophylactic/early treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Viral entry requires spike protein binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor and cleavage by transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a cell surface serine protease. Targeting of TMPRSS2 by either androgen blockade or direct inhibition is in clinical trials in early SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We used differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface to test the impact of targeting TMPRSS2 on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS We first modelled the systemic delivery of compounds. Enzalutamide, an oral androgen receptor antagonist, had no impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, camostat mesylate, an orally available serine protease inhibitor, blocked SARS-CoV-2 entry. However, oral camostat is rapidly metabolised in the circulation, with poor airway bioavailability. We therefore modelled local airway administration by applying camostat to the apical surface of differentiated airway cultures. We demonstrated that a brief exposure to topical camostat effectively restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION These experiments demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for topical camostat for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2, which can now be evaluated in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Guo
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linsey M Porter
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas WM Crozier
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Coates
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akhilesh Jha
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikel McKie
- Medical Research Council, Biostatistic Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward JD Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Cerimi K, Jäckel U, Meyer V, Daher U, Reinert J, Klar S. In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35050015 PMCID: PMC8780961 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kustrim Cerimi
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Udo Jäckel
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ugarit Daher
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jessica Reinert
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanie Klar
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
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30
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Walentek P. Signaling Control of Mucociliary Epithelia: Stem Cells, Cell Fates, and the Plasticity of Cell Identity in Development and Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:736-753. [PMID: 33902038 PMCID: PMC8546001 DOI: 10.1159/000514579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary epithelia are composed of multiciliated, secretory, and stem cells and line various organs in vertebrates such as the respiratory tract. By means of mucociliary clearance, those epithelia provide a first line of defense against inhaled particles and pathogens. Mucociliary clearance relies on the correct composition of cell types, that is, the proper balance of ciliated and secretory cells. A failure to generate and to maintain correct cell type composition and function results in impaired clearance and high risk to infections, such as in congenital diseases (e.g., ciliopathies) as well as in acquired diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While it remains incompletely resolved how precisely cell types are specified and maintained in development and disease, many studies have revealed important mechanisms regarding the signaling control in mucociliary cell types in various species. Those studies not only provided insights into the signaling contribution to organ development and regeneration but also highlighted the remarkable plasticity of cell identity encountered in mucociliary maintenance, including frequent trans-differentiation events during homeostasis and specifically in disease. This review will summarize major findings and provide perspectives regarding the future of mucociliary research and the treatment of chronic airway diseases associated with tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walentek
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Gagliardi TB, Goldstein ME, Song D, Gray KM, Jung JW, Ignacio MA, Stroka KM, Duncan GA, Scull MA. Rhinovirus C replication is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and triggers cytopathic effects in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010159. [PMID: 34995322 PMCID: PMC8741012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical impact of rhinovirus C (RV-C) is well-documented; yet, the viral life cycle remains poorly defined. Thus, we characterized RV-C15 replication at the single-cell level and its impact on the human airway epithelium (HAE) using a physiologically-relevant in vitro model. RV-C15 replication was restricted to ciliated cells where viral RNA levels peaked at 12 hours post-infection (hpi), correlating with elevated titers in the apical compartment at 24hpi. Notably, infection was associated with a loss of polarized expression of the RV-C receptor, cadherin-related family member 3. Visualization of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during RV-C15 replication revealed two distinct replication complex arrangements within the cell, likely corresponding to different time points in infection. To further define RV-C15 replication sites, we analyzed the expression and colocalization of giantin, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, and calnexin with dsRNA. Despite observing Golgi fragmentation by immunofluorescence during RV-C15 infection as previously reported for other RVs, a high ratio of calnexin-dsRNA colocalization implicated the endoplasmic reticulum as the primary site for RV-C15 replication in HAE. RV-C15 infection was also associated with elevated stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression and the induction of incomplete autophagy, a mechanism used by other RVs to facilitate non-lytic release of progeny virions. Notably, genetic depletion of STING in HAE attenuated RV-C15 and -A16 (but not -B14) replication, corroborating a previously proposed proviral role for STING in some RV infections. Finally, RV-C15 infection resulted in a temporary loss in epithelial barrier integrity and the translocation of tight junction proteins while a reduction in mucociliary clearance indicated cytopathic effects on epithelial function. Together, our findings identify both shared and unique features of RV-C replication compared to related rhinoviruses and define the impact of RV-C on both epithelial cell organization and tissue functionality–aspects of infection that may contribute to pathogenesis in vivo. Rhinovirus C has a global distribution and significant clinical impact–especially in those with underlying lung disease. Although RV-C is genetically, structurally, and biologically distinct from RV-A and -B viruses, our understanding of the RV-C life cycle has been largely inferred from these and other related viruses. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of RV-C15 replication in a physiologically-relevant model of human airway epithelium. Our single-cell, microscopy-based approach revealed that–unlike other RVs–the endoplasmic reticulum is the primary site for RV-C15 replication. RV-C15 replication also stimulated STING expression, which was proviral, and triggered dramatic changes in cellular organization, including altered virus receptor distribution, fragmented Golgi stacks, and the induction of incomplete autophagy. Additionally, we observed a loss of epithelial barrier function and a decrease in mucociliary clearance, a major defense mechanism in the lung, during RV-C15 infection. Together, these data reveal novel insight into RV-C15 replication dynamics and resulting cytopathic effects in the primary target cells for infection, thereby furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of RV-C. Our work highlights similar, as well as unique, aspects of RV-C15 replication compared to related pathogens, which will help guide future studies on the molecular mechanisms of RV-C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita B. Gagliardi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monty E. Goldstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M. Gray
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jae W. Jung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxinne A. Ignacio
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Simões FB, Kmit A, Amaral MD. Cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelium reveals the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as a major target. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00247-2021. [PMID: 34912883 PMCID: PMC8666577 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00247-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction and epithelial remodelling are hallmarks of many chronic airway diseases, including asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis. While several cytokines are dysregulated in these diseases, most studies focus on the response of airways to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been shown to induce mucus hyperproduction and shift the airway epithelium towards a hypersecretory phenotype. We hypothesised that other cytokines might induce the expression of chloride (Cl-) channels/transporters, and regulate epithelial differentiation and mucus production. To this end, fully differentiated human airway basal cells (BCi-NS1.1) were treated with cytokines identified as dysregulated in those diseases, namely IL-8, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-22, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Our results show that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the main Cl- channel modulated by inflammation, in contrast to transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), whose levels only changed with IL-4. Furthermore, we identified novel roles for IL-10 and IL-22 by influencing epithelial differentiation towards ciliated cells and away from pulmonary ionocytes. In contrast, IL-1β and IL-4 reduced the number of ciliated cells while increasing club cells. Interestingly, while IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 upregulated CFTR expression, IL-4 was the only cytokine that increased both its function and the number of CFTR-expressing club cells, suggesting that this cell type may be the main contributor for CFTR function. Additionally, all cytokines assessed increased mucus production through a differential upregulation of MUC5AC and MUC5B transcript levels. This study reveals a novel insight into differentiation resulting from the cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelial cells, which is particularly relevant for chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Simões
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arthur Kmit
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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33
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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34
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Cooney AL, Thurman AL, McCray PB, Pezzulo AA, Sinn PL. Lentiviral vectors transduce lung stem cells without disrupting plasticity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:293-301. [PMID: 34458011 PMCID: PMC8379527 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Life-long expression of a gene therapy agent likely requires targeting stem cells. Here we ask the question: does viral vector transduction or ectopic expression of a therapeutic transgene preclude airway stem cell function? We used a lentiviral vector containing a GFP or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) transgene to transduce primary airway basal cells from human cystic fibrosis (CF) or non-CF lung donors and monitored expression and function after differentiation. Ussing chamber measurements confirmed CFTR-dependent chloride channel activity in CF donor cells. Immunostaining, quantitative real-time PCR, and single-cell sequencing analysis of cell-type markers indicated that vector transduction or CFTR expression does not alter the formation of pseudostratified, fully differentiated epithelial cell cultures or cell type distribution. These results have important implications for use of gene addition or gene editing strategies as life-long curative approaches for lung genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics, 169 Newton RD, 6320 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew L. Thurman
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics, 169 Newton RD, 6320 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics, 169 Newton RD, 6320 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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35
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Woodall MNJ, Masonou T, Case K, Smith CM. Human models for COVID-19 research. J Physiol 2021; 599:4255-4267. [PMID: 34287894 PMCID: PMC8447334 DOI: 10.1113/jp281499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapeutics for COVID-19 are limited. To overcome this, it is important that we use physiologically relevant models to reproduce the pathology of infection and evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs. Models of airway infection, including the use of a human infection challenge model or well-defined, disease relevant in vitro systems can help determine the key components that perpetuate the severity of the disease. Here, we briefly review the human models that are currently being used in COVID-19 research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tereza Masonou
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Claire M. Smith
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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36
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Eenjes E, van Riet S, Kroon AA, Slats AM, Khedoe PPSJ, Boerema-de Munck A, Buscop-van Kempen MJ, Ninaber DK, Reiss IKM, Clevers H, Rottier RJ, Hiemstra PS. Disease modelling following organoid-based expansion of airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L775-L786. [PMID: 34378410 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00234.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures are frequently used in lung research but require substantial cell numbers that cannot readily be obtained from patients. We explored whether organoid expansion (3D) can be used to establish ALI cultures from clinical samples with low epithelial cell numbers. Airway epithelial cells were obtained from tracheal aspirates (TA) from preterm newborns, and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or bronchial tissue (BT) from adults. TA and BAL cells were 3D-expanded, whereas cells from BT were expanded in 3D and 2D. Following expansion, cells were cultured at ALI to induce differentiation. The impact of cell origin and 2D or 3D expansion was assessed with respect to (i) cellular composition; (ii) response to cigarette smoke exposure; (iii) effect of Notch inhibition or IL-13 stimulation on cellular differentiation. We established well-differentiated ALI cultures from all samples. Cellular compositions (basal, ciliated and goblet cells) were comparable. All 3D-expanded cultures showed a similar stress response following cigarette smoke exposure but differed from the 2D-expanded cultures. Higher peak levels of antioxidant genes HMOX1 and NQO1 and a more rapid return to baseline, and a lower unfolded protein response was observed after cigarette smoke exposure in 3D-derived cultures compared to 2D-derived cultures. Additionally, TA- and BAL-derived cultures were less sensitive to modulation by DAPT or IL-13 than BT-derived cultures. Organoid-based expansion of clinical samples with low cell numbers, such as TA from preterm newborns is a valid method and tool to establish ALI cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdamnn, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andre A Kroon
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus MC- Sophia, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies M Slats
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne Boerema-de Munck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdamnn, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon J Buscop-van Kempen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdamnn, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus MC- Sophia, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdamnn, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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37
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CLCA1 Regulates Airway Mucus Production and Ion Secretion Through TMEM16A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105133. [PMID: 34066250 PMCID: PMC8151571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its regulator, CLCA1, are associated with inflammatory airway disease and goblet cell metaplasia. CLCA1 is a secreted protein with protease activity that was demonstrated to enhance membrane expression of TMEM16A. Expression of CLCA1 is particularly enhanced in goblet cell metaplasia and is associated with various lung diseases. However, mice lacking expression of CLCA1 showed the same degree of mucous cell metaplasia and airway hyperreactivity as asthmatic wild-type mice. To gain more insight into the role of CLCA1, we applied secreted N-CLCA1, produced in vitro, to mice in vivo using intratracheal instillation. We observed no obvious upregulation of TMEM16A membrane expression by CLCA1 and no differences in ATP-induced short circuit currents (Iscs). However, intraluminal mucus accumulation was observed by treatment with N-CLCA1 that was not seen in control animals. The effects of N-CLCA1 were augmented in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Mucus production induced by N-CLCA1 in polarized BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells was dependent on TMEM16A expression. IL-13 upregulated expression of CLCA1 and enhanced mucus production, however, without enhancing purinergic activation of Isc. In contrast to polarized airway epithelial cells and mouse airways, which express very low levels of TMEM16A, nonpolarized airway cells express large amounts of TMEM16A protein and show strong CaCC. The present data show an only limited contribution of TMEM16A to airway ion secretion but suggest a significant role of both CLCA1 and TMEM16A for airway mucus secretion.
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38
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A comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals characterizes 3CL pro inhibitor PF-00835231 as a potential new treatment for COVID-19. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01819-20. [PMID: 33622961 PMCID: PMC8139662 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01819-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a dire need for novel effective antivirals to treat COVID-19, as the only approved direct-acting antiviral to date is remdesivir, targeting the viral polymerase complex. A potential alternate target in the viral life cycle is the main SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CLpro (Mpro). The drug candidate PF-00835231 is the active compound of the first anti-3CLpro regimen in clinical trials. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of PF-00835231, the pre-clinical 3CLpro inhibitor GC-376, and the polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, in alveolar basal epithelial cells modified to express ACE2 (A549+ACE2 cells). We find PF-00835231 with at least similar or higher potency than remdesivir or GC-376. A time-of-drug-addition approach delineates the timing of early SARS-CoV-2 life cycle steps in A549+ACE2 cells and validates PF-00835231's early time of action. In a model of the human polarized airway epithelium, both PF-00835231 and remdesivir potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations. Finally, we show that the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, which was previously suggested to diminish PF-00835231's efficacy based on experiments in monkey kidney Vero E6 cells, does not negatively impact PF-00835231 efficacy in either A549+ACE2 cells or human polarized airway epithelial cultures. Thus, our study provides in vitro evidence for the potential of PF-00835231 as an effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and addresses concerns that emerged based on prior studies in non-human in vitro models.Importance:The arsenal of SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral drugs is extremely limited. Only one direct-acting antiviral drug is currently approved, the viral polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, and it has limited efficacy. Thus, there is a substantial need to develop additional antiviral compounds with minimal side effects and alternate viral targets. One such alternate target is its main protease, 3CLpro (Mpro), an essential component of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle processing the viral polyprotein into the components of the viral polymerase complex. In this study, we characterize a novel antiviral drug, PF-00835231, which is the active component of the first-in-class 3CLpro-targeting regimen in clinical trials. Using 3D in vitro models of the human airway epithelium, we demonstrate the antiviral potential of PF-00835231 for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
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39
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Song D, Iverson E, Kaler L, Bader S, Scull MA, Duncan GA. Modeling Airway Dysfunction in Asthma Using Synthetic Mucus Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2723-2733. [PMID: 33871978 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As asthma worsens, occlusion of airways with mucus significantly contributes to airflow obstruction and reduced lung function. Recent evidence from clinical studies has shown mucus obtained from adults and children with asthma possesses altered mucin composition. However, how these changes alter the functional properties of the mucus gel is not yet fully understood. To study this, we have engineered a synthetic mucus biomaterial to closely mimic the properties of native mucus in health and disease. We demonstrate that this model possesses comparable biophysical and transport properties to native mucus ex vivo collected from human subjects and in vitro isolated from human airway epithelial (HAE) tissue cultures. We found by systematically varying mucin composition that mucus gel viscoelasticity is enhanced when predominantly composed of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), as is observed in asthma. As a result, asthma-like synthetic mucus gels are more slowly transported on the surface of HAE tissue cultures and at a similar rate to native mucus produced by HAE cultures stimulated with type 2 cytokine IL-13, known to contribute to airway inflammation and MUC5AC hypersecretion in asthma. We also discovered that the barrier function of asthma-like synthetic mucus toward influenza A virus was impaired as evidenced by the increased frequency of infection in MUC5AC-rich hydrogel-coated HAE cultures. Together, this work establishes a biomaterial-based approach to understand airway dysfunction in asthma and related muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shahed Bader
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Margaret A Scull
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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40
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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41
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Sanchez-Guzman D, Boland S, Brookes O, Mc Cord C, Lai Kuen R, Sirri V, Baeza Squiban A, Devineau S. Long-term evolution of the epithelial cell secretome in preclinical 3D models of the human bronchial epithelium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6621. [PMID: 33758289 PMCID: PMC7988136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelium is the first line of defense against atmospheric particles, pollutants, and respiratory pathogens such as the novel SARS-CoV-2. The epithelial cells form a tight barrier and secrete proteins that are major components of the mucosal immune response. Functional in vitro models of the human lung are essential for screening the epithelial response and assessing the toxicity and barrier crossing of drugs, inhaled particles, and pollutants. However, there is a lack of models to investigate the effect of chronic exposure without resorting to animal testing. Here, we developed a 3D model of the human bronchial epithelium using Calu-3 cell line and demonstrated its viability and functionality for 21 days without subculturing. We investigated the effect of reduced Fetal Bovine Serum supplementation in the basal medium and defined the minimal supplementation needed to maintain a functional epithelium, so that the amount of exogenous serum proteins could be reduced during drug testing. The long-term evolution of the epithelial cell secretome was fully characterized by quantitative mass spectrometry in two preclinical models using Calu-3 or primary NHBE cells. 408 common secreted proteins were identified while significant differences in protein abundance were observed with time, suggesting that 7-10 days are necessary to establish a mature secretome in the Calu-3 model. The associated Reactome pathways highlight the role of the secreted proteins in the immune response of the bronchial epithelium. We suggest this preclinical 3D model can be used to evaluate the long-term toxicity of drugs or particles on the human bronchial epithelium, and subsequently to investigate their effect on the epithelial cell secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Boland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Brookes
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Mc Cord
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - René Lai Kuen
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Facility, US25 Inserm-3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Sirri
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
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42
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Saxena A, Walters MS, Shieh JH, Shen LB, Gomi K, Downey RJ, Crystal RG, Moore MAS. Extracellular vesicles from human airway basal cells respond to cigarette smoke extract and affect vascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6104. [PMID: 33731767 PMCID: PMC7969738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium lining the bronchial tree contains basal cells that proliferate, differentiate, and communicate with other components of their microenvironment. One method that cells use for intercellular communication involves the secretion of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs). We isolated exosome-enriched EVs that were produced from an immortalized human airway basal cell line (BCi-NS1.1) and found that their secretion is increased by exposure to cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that this stress stimulates release of EVs which could affect signaling to other cells. We have previously shown that primary human airway basal cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) which can activate MAPK signaling cascades in endothelial cells via VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Here, we show that exposure of endothelial cells to exosome-enriched airway basal cell EVs promotes the survival of these cells and that this effect also involves VEGFR2 activation and is, at least in part, mediated by VEGFA present in the EVs. These observations demonstrate that EVs are involved in the intercellular signaling between airway basal cells and the endothelium which we previously reported. The downstream signaling pathways involved may be distinct and specific to the EVs, however, as increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, p44/42 MAPK, and p38 MAPK was not seen following exposure of endothelial cells to airway basal cell EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Saxena
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jae-Hung Shieh
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Bo Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kazunori Gomi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Downey
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm A S Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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43
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de Vries M, Mohamed AS, Prescott RA, Valero-Jimenez AM, Desvignes L, O’Connor R, Steppan C, Devlin JC, Ivanova E, Herrera A, Schinlever A, Loose P, Ruggles K, Koralov SB, Anderson AS, Binder J, Dittmann M. A comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals in human airway models characterizes 3CL pro inhibitor PF-00835231 as a potential new treatment for COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.08.28.272880. [PMID: 32869028 PMCID: PMC7457613 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.28.272880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a dire need for novel effective antivirals to treat COVID-19, as the only approved direct-acting antiviral to date is remdesivir, targeting the viral polymerase complex. A potential alternate target in the viral life cycle is the main SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CLpro (Mpro). The drug candidate PF-00835231 is the active compound of the first anti-3CLpro regimen in clinical trials. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of PF-00835231, the pre-clinical 3CLpro inhibitor GC-376, and the polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, in alveolar basal epithelial cells modified to express ACE2 (A549+ACE2 cells). We find PF-00835231 with at least similar or higher potency than remdesivir or GC-376. A time-of-drug-addition approach delineates the timing of early SARS-CoV-2 life cycle steps in A549+ACE2 cells and validates PF-00835231's early time of action. In a model of the human polarized airway epithelium, both PF-00835231 and remdesivir potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations. Finally, we show that the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, which was previously suggested to diminish PF-00835231's efficacy based on experiments in monkey kidney Vero E6 cells, does not negatively impact PF-00835231 efficacy in either A549+ACE2 cells or human polarized airway epithelial cultures. Thus, our study provides in vitro evidence for the potential of PF-00835231 as an effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and addresses concerns that emerged based on prior studies in non-human in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Adil S Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Rachel A Prescott
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ana M Valero-Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
- Office of Science & Research, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph C Devlin
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ellie Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Austin Schinlever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Paige Loose
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kelly Ruggles
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - Joseph Binder
- Pfizer Oncology Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92128, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
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44
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A novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection. Nat Genet 2021; 53:205-214. [PMID: 33432184 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main entry point in airway epithelial cells for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 protein spike triggers viral fusion with the cell plasma membrane, resulting in viral RNA genome delivery into the host. Despite ACE2's critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, full understanding of ACE2 expression, including in response to viral infection, remains unclear. ACE2 was thought to encode five transcripts and one protein of 805 amino acids. In the present study, we identify a novel short isoform of ACE2 expressed in the airway epithelium, the main site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Short ACE2 is substantially upregulated in response to interferon stimulation and rhinovirus infection, but not SARS-CoV-2 infection. This short isoform lacks SARS-CoV-2 spike high-affinity binding sites and, altogether, our data are consistent with a model where short ACE2 is unlikely to directly contribute to host susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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45
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Wanitchakool P, Lerias J, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A Mediates Mucus Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:50-58. [PMID: 33026825 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that was shown to enhance production and secretion of mucus in inflamed airways. It is, however, not clear whether TMEM16A directly supports mucus production, or whether mucin and TMEM16A are upregulated independently during inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined this question using BCi-NS1 cells, a human airway basal cell line that maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, and the two human airway epithelial cell lines, Calu-3 and CFBE. The data demonstrate that exposure of airway epithelial cells to IL-8 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be enhanced in CF and asthma, respectively, leads to an increase in mucus production. Expression of MUC5AC was fully dependent on expression of TMEM16A, as shown by siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A. In addition, different inhibitors of TMEM16A attenuated IL-13-induced mucus production. Interestingly, in CFBE cells expressing F508 delCFTR, IL-13 was unable to upregulate membrane expression of TMEM16A or Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. The regulator of TMEM16A, CLCA1, strongly augmented both Ca2+- and cAMP-activated Cl- currents in cells expressing wtCFTR but failed to augment membrane expression of TMEM16A in F508 delCFTR-expressing CFBE cells. The data confirm the functional relationship between CFTR and TMEM16A and suggest an impaired upregulation of TMEM16A by IL-13 or CLCA1 in cells expressing the most frequent CF-causing mutation F508 delCFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joana Lerias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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46
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Iverson E, Kaler L, Agostino EL, Song D, Duncan GA, Scull MA. Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa. Viruses 2020; 12:E1425. [PMID: 33322395 PMCID: PMC7763686 DOI: 10.3390/v12121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus-host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D culture formats, or even animal models. In vitro systems such as airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface, organoids, or 'on-chip' technologies allow interrogation in human cells and recapitulate emergent properties of the airway epithelium-the primary target for respiratory virus infection. While some of these models have been used for over thirty years, ongoing advancements in both culture techniques and analytical tools continue to provide new opportunities to investigate airway epithelial biology and viral infection phenotypes in both normal and diseased host backgrounds. Here we review these models and their application to studying respiratory viruses. Furthermore, given the ability of these systems to recapitulate the extracellular microenvironment, we evaluate their potential to serve as a platform for studies specifically addressing viral interactions at the mucosal surface and detail techniques that can be employed to expand our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Eva L. Agostino
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
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47
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Lokugamage KG, Hage A, de Vries M, Valero-Jimenez AM, Schindewolf C, Dittmann M, Rajsbaum R, Menachery VD. Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV. J Virol 2020; 94:e01410-20. [PMID: 32938761 PMCID: PMC7654262 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01410-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (CoV) that causes COVID-19, has recently emerged causing an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia around the world. While distinct from SARS-CoV, both group 2B CoVs share similar genome organization, origins to bat CoVs, and an arsenal of immune antagonists. In this report, we evaluate type I interferon (IFN-I) sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 relative to the original SARS-CoV. Our results indicate that while SARS-CoV-2 maintains similar viral replication to SARS-CoV, the novel CoV is much more sensitive to IFN-I. In Vero E6 and in Calu3 cells, SARS-CoV-2 is substantially attenuated in the context of IFN-I pretreatment, whereas SARS-CoV is not. In line with these findings, SARS-CoV-2 fails to counteract phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of ISG proteins, while SARS-CoV is able to suppress both. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in human airway epithelial cultures, we observe the absence of IFN-I stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 alone but detect the failure to counteract STAT1 phosphorylation upon IFN-I pretreatment, resulting in near ablation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Next, we evaluated IFN-I treatment postinfection and found that SARS-CoV-2 was sensitive even after establishing infection. Finally, we examined homology between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in viral proteins shown to be interferon antagonists. The absence of an equivalent open reading frame 3b (ORF3b) and genetic differences versus ORF6 suggest that the two key IFN-I antagonists may not maintain equivalent function in SARS-CoV-2. Together, the results identify key differences in susceptibility to IFN-I responses between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that may help inform disease progression, treatment options, and animal model development.IMPORTANCE With the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, differences between SARS-CoV-2 and the original SARS-CoV could be leveraged to inform disease progression and eventual treatment options. In addition, these findings could have key implications for animal model development as well as further research into how SARS-CoV-2 modulates the type I IFN response early during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari G Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Hage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana M Valero-Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig Schindewolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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48
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Haas M, Gómez Vázquez JL, Sun DI, Tran HT, Brislinger M, Tasca A, Shomroni O, Vleminckx K, Walentek P. ΔN-Tp63 Mediates Wnt/β-Catenin-Induced Inhibition of Differentiation in Basal Stem Cells of Mucociliary Epithelia. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3338-3352.e6. [PMID: 31553905 PMCID: PMC6935018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary epithelia provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Impaired regeneration and remodeling of mucociliary epithelia are associated with dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic airway diseases, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive, and studies yield seemingly contradicting results. Employing the Xenopus mucociliary epidermis, the mouse airway, and human airway Basal cells, we characterize the evolutionarily conserved roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vertebrates. In multiciliated cells, Wnt is required for cilia formation during differentiation. In Basal cells, Wnt prevents specification of epithelial cell types by activating ΔN-TP63, a master transcription factor, which is necessary and sufficient to mediate the Wnt-induced inhibition of specification and is required to retain Basal cells during development. Chronic Wnt activation leads to remodeling and Basal cell hyperplasia, which are reversible in vivo and in vitro, suggesting Wnt inhibition as a treatment option in chronic lung diseases. Our work provides important insights into mucociliary signaling, development, and disease. Impaired (re-)generation of lung epithelia is associated with Wnt signaling changes in animals and human lung disease patients. Haas et al. demonstrate that ΔN-TP63 is a Wnt-regulated master transcription factor inhibiting (re-) generation of new epithelial cells from stem cells. These findings are equally important for understanding animal development and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Haas
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biological Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - José Luis Gómez Vázquez
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biological Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dingyuan Iris Sun
- Genetics, Genomics and Development Division, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hong Thi Tran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Brislinger
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biological Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexia Tasca
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biological Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- Transcriptome and Genome Core Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Walentek
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biological Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Genetics, Genomics and Development Division, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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49
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Impact of KLF4 on Cell Proliferation and Epithelial Differentiation in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186717. [PMID: 32937756 PMCID: PMC7555189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) cells display a more cancer-like phenotype vs. non-CF cells. KLF4 overexpression has been described in CF and this transcriptional factor acts as a negative regulator of wt-CFTR. KLF4 is described as exerting its effects in a cell-context-dependent fashion, but it is generally considered a major regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and wound healing, all the processes that are also altered in CF. Therefore, it is relevant to characterize the differential role of KLF4 in these processes in CF vs. non-CF cells. To this end, we used wt- and F508del-CFTR CFBE cells and their respective KLF4 knockout (KO) counterparts to evaluate processes like cell proliferation, polarization, and wound healing, as well as to compare the expression of several epithelial differentiation markers. Our data indicate no major impact of KLF4 KO in proliferation and a differential impact of KLF4 KO in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) acquisition and wound healing in wt- vs. F508del-CFTR cells. In parallel, we also observed a differential impact on the levels of some differentiation markers and epithelial-mesencymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors. In conclusion, KLF4 impacts TEER acquisition, wound healing, and the expression of differentiation markers in a way that is partially dependent on the CFTR-status of the cell.
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50
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Reid AT, Nichol KS, Chander Veerati P, Moheimani F, Kicic A, Stick SM, Bartlett NW, Grainge CL, Wark PAB, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Blocking Notch3 Signaling Abolishes MUC5AC Production in Airway Epithelial Cells from Individuals with Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:513-523. [PMID: 31922915 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0069oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, goblet cell numbers are increased within the airway epithelium, perpetuating the production of mucus that is more difficult to clear and results in airway mucus plugging. Notch1, Notch2, or Notch3, or a combination of these has been shown to influence the differentiation of airway epithelial cells. How the expression of specific Notch isoforms differs in fully differentiated adult asthmatic epithelium and whether Notch influences mucin production after differentiation is currently unknown. We aimed to quantify different Notch isoforms in the airway epithelium of individuals with severe asthma and to examine the impact of Notch signaling on mucin MUC5AC. Human lung sections and primary bronchial epithelial cells from individuals with and without asthma were used in this study. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 28 days. Notch isoform expression was analyzed by Taqman quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize and quantify Notch isoforms in human airway sections. Notch signaling was inhibited in vitro using dibenzazepine or Notch3-specific siRNA, followed by analysis of MUC5AC. NOTCH3 was highly expressed in asthmatic airway epithelium compared with nonasthmatic epithelium. Dibenzazepine significantly reduced MUC5AC production in air-liquid interface cultures of primary bronchial epithelial cells concomitantly with suppression of NOTCH3 intracellular domain protein. Specific knockdown using NOTCH3 siRNA recapitulated the dibenzazepine-induced reduction in MUC5AC. We demonstrate that NOTCH3 is a regulator of MUC5AC production. Increased NOTCH3 signaling in the asthmatic airway epithelium may therefore be an underlying driver of excess MUC5AC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Telethon Kids Institute, and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Telethon Kids Institute, and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Chris L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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