1
|
de Souza GR, Mazzei JL, Tostes JBF, de Carvalho ADLD, Costa TEMM, Penido C, Siani AC. In vitro toxicity of latex, its terpenoidal fractions and isolated phorbol esters from Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns on monocytic and melanoma cells. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105987. [PMID: 38703916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In Brazil, latex from Euphorbia umbellata (African milk tree) has been increasingly used in folk medicine to treat several types of cancer, including melanoma. The effect of lyophilized latex (LL), its hydroethanolic extract (E80), triterpene (F-TRI)- and diterpene (F-DIT)-enriched fractions, along with six isolated phorbol esters from LL and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on J774A.1, THP-1, SK-MEL-28, and B16-F10 cell line viability were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The compounds were identified by 2D-NMR and HRESIMS. The effect of the LL, extract and fractions on cell viability was also assessed through a resazurin reduction assay. At 100 μg/ml, LL, and its fractions moderately inhibited J774A.1 (37.5-59.5%) and THP-1 (12.6-43.6%) metabolism. LL (IC50 70 μg/ml) and F-TRI (IC50 68 μg/ml) were barely more effective against B16-F10 cells, and only F-TRI exerted an inhibitory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells (IC50 66-75 μg/ml). The samples did not effectively inhibit THP-1 growth (IC50 69-87 μg/ml, assessed by MTT). B16-F10 was susceptible to PMA (IC50 53 μM) and two 12-phenylacetate esters (IC50 56-60 μM), while SK-MEL-28 growth was inhibited (IC50 58 μM) by one of these kinds of esters with an additional 4β-deoxy structure. Synagrantol A (IC50 39 μM) was as effective as PMA (IC50 47 μM) in inhibiting J774A.1 growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, an in silico study with target receptors indicated a high interaction of the compounds with the PKC proteins. These results provide useful knowledge on the effect of tigliane-type diterpenes on tumor cell from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R de Souza
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - José L Mazzei
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - João B F Tostes
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa de L D de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thadeu E M M Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil; Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Avenida Brasil 4036, room 814, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil; Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Avenida Brasil 4036, room 814, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Siani
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Lin Y, Liang L, Li X, Casals G, Zhou X, Casals E, Zeng M. Versatile Antibacterial and Antioxidant Bacterial Cellulose@Nanoceria Biotextile: Application in Reusable Antimicrobial Face Masks. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304156. [PMID: 38271691 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable interest in medical and pharmaceutical fields, there remains a notable absence of functional textiles that concurrently exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Herein, a new composite fabric constructed using nanostructured bacterial cellulose (BC) covalently-linked with cerium oxide nanoparticles (BC@CeO2NPs) is introduced. The synthesis of CeO2NPs on the BC is performed via a microwave-assisted, in situ chemical deposition technique, resulting in the formation of mixed valence Ce3+/Ce4+ CeO2NPs. This approach ensures the durability of the composite fabric subjected to multiple washing cycles. The Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of CeO2NPs and their rapid and efficient eradication of >99% model microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus remain unaltered in the composite. To demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating the fabric in marketable products, antimicrobial face masks are fabricated with filter layers made of BC@CeO2NPs cross-linked with propylene or cotton fibers. These masks exhibit complete inhibition of bacterial growth in the three bacterial strains, improved breathability compared to respirator masks and enhanced filtration efficiency compared to single-use surgical face masks. This study provides valuable insights into the development of functional BC@CeO2NPs biotextiles in which design can be extended to the fabrication of medical dressings and cosmetic products with combined antibiotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xingfei Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Yichao Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Lihua Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Gregori Casals
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari and The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08007, Spain
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Eudald Casals
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Muling Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen, 529020, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabel K, Nath AJ, Nold J, Spies BC, Wesemann C, Altmann B, Adolfsson E, Witkowski S, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T. Analysis of soft tissue integration-supportive cell functions in gingival fibroblasts cultured on 3D printed biomaterials for oral implant-supported prostheses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38251807 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To date, it is unknown whether 3D printed fixed oral implant-supported prostheses can achieve comparable soft tissue integration (STI) to clinically established subtractively manufactured counterparts. STI is mediated among others by gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and is modulated by biomaterial surface characteristics. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the GF response of a 3D printed methacrylate photopolymer and a hybrid ceramic-filled methacrylate photopolymer for fixed implant-supported prostheses in the sense of supporting an STI. Subtractively manufactured samples made from methacrylate polymer and hybrid ceramic were evaluated for comparison and samples from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP), comprising well documented biocompatibility, served as control. Surface topography was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and interferometry, elemental composition by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and wettability by contact angle measurement. The response of GFs obtained from five donors was examined in terms of membrane integrity, adhesion, morphogenesis, metabolic activity, and proliferation behavior by a lactate-dehydrogenase assay, fluorescent staining, a resazurin-based assay, and DNA quantification. The results revealed all surfaces were smooth and hydrophilic. GF adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation were impaired by 3D printed biomaterials compared to subtractively manufactured comparison surfaces and the 3Y-TZP control, whereas membrane integrity was comparable. Within the limits of the present investigation, it was concluded that subtractively manufactured surfaces are superior compared to 3D printed surfaces to support STI. For the development of biologically optimized 3D printable biomaterials, consecutive studies will focus on the improvement of cytocompatibility and the synthesis of STI-relevant extracellular matrix constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rabel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Joséphine Nath
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Nold
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt C Spies
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wesemann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Adolfsson
- Division Materials and Production-RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Siegbert Witkowski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed TA, Almehmady AM, Alharbi WS, Alshehri AA, Almughem FA, Altamimi RM, Alshabibi MA, Omar AM, El-Say KM. Incorporation of Perillyl Alcohol into Lipid-Based Nanocarriers Enhances the Antiproliferative Activity in Malignant Glioma Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2771. [PMID: 37893144 PMCID: PMC10604117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (PA), a naturally existing monocyclic terpene related to limonene, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and very limited bioavailability. Its potential anti-cancer activity against malignant glioma has been reported. The aim was to develop PA-loaded lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs), and to investigate their anti-cancer activity against two different brain cell lines. Non-medicated and PA-loaded LNCs were prepared and characterized. The mechanism of cytotoxic activity of PA was conducted using a molecular docking technique. The cell viabilities against A172 and ANGM-CSS cells were evaluated. The results revealed that the average particle size of the prepared LNCs ranged from 248.67 ± 12.42 to 1124.21 ± 12.77 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.418 ± 0.043-0.509 ± 0.064, while the zeta potential ranged from -36.91 ± 1.31 to -15.20 ± 0.96 mV. The molecular docking studies demonstrated that the drug had binding activity to human farnesyltransferase. Following exposure of the two glioblastoma cell lines to the PA-loaded nanoformulations, MTS assays were carried out, and the data showed a far lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration in both cell lines when compared to pure drug and non-medicated nanocarriers. These results indicate the potential in vitro antiproliferative activity of PA-loaded LNCs. Therefore, the prepared PA-loaded nanocarriers could be used to enhance drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to treat brain cancer, especially when formulated in a suitable dosage form. The size, surface charge, and lipid composition of the LNCs make them promising for drug delivery across the BBB. Detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments, including the evaluation of BBB penetration, are necessary to better understand the compound's distribution and effects within the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (W.S.A.); (K.M.E.-S.)
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (W.S.A.); (K.M.E.-S.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (W.S.A.); (K.M.E.-S.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Reem M. Altamimi
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Manal A. Alshabibi
- Healthy Aging Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (W.S.A.); (K.M.E.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pereira LM, Portapilla GB, Brancini GTP, Possato B, Bronzon da Costa CM, Abreu-Filho PG, Wainwright M, Yatsuda AP, Braga GÚL. The potential of phenothiazinium dyes as cytotoxicity markers in cisplatin-treated cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10203. [PMID: 37353536 PMCID: PMC10290130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the in vitro toxicity of compounds on cell cultures is an important step during the screening of candidate molecules for diverse applications. Among the strategies employed to determine cytotoxicity, MTT, neutral red, and resazurin are commonly used. Methylene blue (MB), a phenothiazinium salt, has several uses, such as dye, redox indicator, and even as treatment for human disease and health conditions, such as malaria and methemoglobinemia. However, MB has only been sparsely used as a cellular toxicity indicator. As a viability indicator, MB is mostly applied to fixed cultures at high concentrations, especially when compared to MTT or neutral red. Here we show that MB and its related compounds new methylene blue (NMB), toluidine blue O (TBO), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) can be used as cytotoxicity indicators in live (non-fixed) cells treated for 72 h with DMSO and cisplatin. We compared dye uptake between phenothiazinium dyes and neutral red by analyzing supernatant and cell content via visible spectra scanning and microscopy. All dyes showed a similar ability to assess cell toxicity compared to either MTT or neutral red. Our method represents a cost-effective alternative to in vitro cytotoxicity assays using cisplatin or DMSO, indicating the potential of phenothiazinium dyes for the screening of candidate drugs and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Gisele Bulhões Portapilla
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Thomaz Pereira Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Possato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cássia Mariana Bronzon da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Péricles Gama Abreu-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Bromatológicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Bromatológicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grajzer M, Wiatrak B, Jawień P, Marczak Ł, Wojakowska A, Wiejak R, Rój E, Grzebieluch W, Prescha A. Evaluation of Recovery Methods for Fragaria vesca L. Oil: Characteristics, Stability and Bioactive Potential. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091852. [PMID: 37174392 PMCID: PMC10178134 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) seed oil (WSO) recovered by two methods-cold pressing (CP) and extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2E)-taking into account the different extraction times, was characterized for its composition and quality. The cytotoxicity assessment of WSOs was also carried out using the normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line. Tocopherol and total polyphenol contents were significantly higher in WSO recovered by SCO2E, up to 1901.0 and 58.5 mg/kg, respectively, in comparison with CP oil. In CP oil, the highest content of carotenoids and squalene was determined (123.8 and 31.4 mg/kg, respectively). Phytosterol summed up to 5396 mg/kg in WSO collected in 30 min of SCO2E. Moreover, the highest oxidative stability was found for this oil. All studied WSOs were non-cytotoxic in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leaching and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays; however, oils collected by SCO2E in 15 and 30 min were found to be cytotoxic in the tetrazolium salt (MTT) test, with the CC50 at a concentration of 3.4 and 5.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the composition of WSO indicates that, depending on the method of its recovery, seeds can have different bio-potencies and various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-138 Poznanń, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-138 Poznanń, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiejak
- Research Group Supercritical Extraction, Łukasiewicz Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Edward Rój
- Research Group Supercritical Extraction, Łukasiewicz Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grzebieluch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kida D, Konopka T, Jurczyszyn K, Karolewicz B. Technological Aspects and Evaluation Methods for Polymer Matrices as Dental Drug Carriers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051274. [PMID: 37238944 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of polymer matrices as dental drug carriers takes into account the following technological aspects of the developed formulations: the composition and the technology used to manufacture them, which affect the properties of the carriers, as well as the testing methods for assessing their behavior at application sites. The first part of this paper characterizes the methods for fabricating dental drug carriers, i.e., the solvent-casting method (SCM), lyophilization method (LM), electrospinning (ES) and 3D printing (3DP), describing the selection of technological parameters and pointing out both the advantages of using the mentioned methods and their limitations. The second part of this paper describes testing methods to study the formulation properties, including their physical and chemical, pharmaceutical, biological and in vivo evaluation. Comprehensive in vitro evaluation of carrier properties permits optimization of formulation parameters to achieve prolonged retention time in the dynamic oral environment and is essential for explaining carrier behavior during clinical evaluation, consequently enabling the selection of the optimal formulation for oral application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kida
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh A, Chen R. The Duration of Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Determines the Effects of Subsequent Reperfusion on Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells and Primary Cortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7106. [PMID: 37108268 PMCID: PMC10138834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion is the fundamental treatment for ischaemic stroke; however, many ischaemic stroke patients cannot undergo reperfusion treatment. Furthermore, reperfusion can cause ischaemic reperfusion injuries. This study aimed to determine the effects of reperfusion in an in vitro ischaemic stroke model-oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) (0.3% O2)-with rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and cortical neurons. In PC12 cells, OGD resulted in a time-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and reduction in MTT activity from 2 h onwards. Reperfusion following shorter periods (4 and 6 h) of OGD recovered apoptotic PC12 cells, whereas after 12 h, OGD increased LDH release. In primary neurons, 6 h OGD led to significant increase in cytotoxicity, reduction in MTT activity and dendritic MAP2 staining. Reperfusion following 6 h OGD increased the cytotoxicity. HIF-1a was stabilised by 4 and 6 h OGD in PC12 cells and 2 h OGD onwards in primary neurons. A panel of hypoxic genes were upregulated by the OGD treatments depending on the duration. In conclusion, the duration of OGD determines the mitochondrial activity, cell viability, HIF-1a stabilization, and hypoxic gene expression in both cell types. Reperfusion following OGD of short duration is neuroprotective, whereas OGD of long duration is cytotoxic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Souza Freire I, Fascineli ML, Piau TB, Pereira BF, Grisolia CK. Multilevel Toxicity Evaluations of Polyethylene Microplastics in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3617. [PMID: 36834310 PMCID: PMC9967563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in freshwater environments pose a serious threat to living beings. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) are the type most used around the world as microbeads in personal care products, and they have been found in aquatic organisms. The behavior and toxicity of fluorescent PE-MP spheres with an average diameter of 58.9 μm were studied in adult, juvenile and embryo zebrafish (Danio rerio). The adults were studied for genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, histology and biochemical markers. Juveniles underwent a follow-up in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with histologic observations, and embryos were studied for embryotoxicity with the FET-test. In adults, micronucleus test and comet assays found neither genotoxicity after acute exposure for 96 h at concentrations of 0.0, 12.5, 50 and 100 mg.L-1, nor cytotoxicity through the nuclear abnormalities test. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured in adults exposed for 96 h. The AChE and GST activities were significantly changed, while no changes occurred for LDH. In conclusion, these PE-MP spheres did not cause serious toxic effects in zebrafish because there was no internalization. The observed biochemical changes in AChE and GST may be associated with GI microbiological dysbiosis, previously reported. The PE-MP spheres in the intestine of juveniles remained present for 12-15 days on average after the post-exposure clearance study, showing a slow depuration. The histological analysis, in adults, found no internalization of these microbeads, with complete depuration. The PE-MP spheres did not cross the chorion barrier, showing no embryotoxic effects after exposures at 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 50.0 or 100.0 mg.L-1 for 96 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Souza Freire
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Fascineli
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tathyana Benetis Piau
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fiorelini Pereira
- Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 05468-901, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gavanji S, Bakhtari A, Famurewa AC, Othman EM. Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201098. [PMID: 36595710 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, human beings have sought natural medications for treatment of various diseases. Weighty evidence demonstrates the use of chemical methodologies for sensitive evaluation of cytotoxic potentials of herbal agents. However, due to the ubiquitous use of cytotoxicity methods, there is a need for providing updated guidance for the design and development of in vitro assessment. The aim of this review is to provide practical guidance on common cell-based assays for suitable assessment of cytotoxicity potential of herbal medicines and discussing their advantages and disadvantages Relevant articles in authentic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID, from 1950 to 2022 were collected according to selection criteria of in vitro cytotoxicity assays and protocols. In addition, the link between cytotoxicity assay selection and different factors such as the drug solvent, concentration and exposure duration were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7133654361, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, PMB 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ravon F, Menchi E, Lambot C, Al Kattar S, Chraibi S, Remmelink M, Fontaine V, Wauthoz N. In vitro and in vivo local tolerability of a synergistic anti-tuberculosis drug combination intended for pulmonary delivery. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:298-311. [PMID: 35997255 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A drug combination, vancomycin (VAN) plus tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), has demonstrated an effective synergistic action in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The poor oral bioavailability of VAN and THL and the predominant tropism of Mtb infection to the lungs make their pulmonary administration very attractive. To evaluate their local tolerability, bronchial cells, alveolar cells and monocytes were exposed to concentrations around and above their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The VAN had no inhibitory activity on the tested human cell lines, even at a concentration 125 times higher than its MIC, whereas the THL, alone or in combination with VAN, presented a cytostatic action. Monolayer epithelium showed no significant irreversible damage at concentrations up to 100 times the combination MIC. BALB/cAnNRj mice exposed to concentration of 50 times the combination MIC delivered endotracheally 3 times a week for 3 weeks showed no clinical signs or significant weight loss. The increase of proinflammatory biomarkers (i.e., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and proportion of inflammatory cells) and cytotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were non-significant. Lung histopathology did not show significant tissue damage. The VAN/THL combination at doses up to 50 times the combination MIC is found to be thus well tolerated by pulmonary route. This study is a promising result and encouraging further investigations of pulmonary administration of VAN/THL combination as dry powder for anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Ravon
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Menchi
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coralie Lambot
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sahar Al Kattar
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Selma Chraibi
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Remmelink
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gerber LS, Heusinkveld HJ, Langendoen C, Stahlmecke B, Schins RPF, Westerink RHS. Acute, sub-chronic and chronic exposures to TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles differentially affects neuronal function in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:311-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Evaluation of Biological Activity of Natural Compounds: Current Trends and Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144490. [PMID: 35889361 PMCID: PMC9324072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have diverse structures and are present in different forms of life. Metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, and alkaloids, among others, serve as a defense mechanism in live organisms and are undoubtedly compounds of interest for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Plants, bacteria, and insects represent sources of biomolecules with diverse activities, which are in many cases poorly studied. To use these molecules for different applications, it is essential to know their structure, concentrations, and biological activity potential. In vitro techniques that evaluate the biological activity of the molecules of interest have been developed since the 1950s. Currently, different methodologies have emerged to overcome some of the limitations of these traditional techniques, mainly via reductions in time and costs. These emerging technologies continue to appear due to the urgent need to expand the analysis capacity of a growing number of reported biomolecules. This review presents an updated summary of the conventional and relevant methods to evaluate the natural compounds’ biological activity in vitro.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sipahi H, Orak D, Reis R, Yalman K, Şenol O, Palabiyik-Yücelik SS, Deniz İ, Algül D, Guzelmeric E, Çelep ME, Argin S, Özkan F, Halıcı Z, Aydın A, Yesilada E. A comprehensive study to evaluate the wound healing potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114843. [PMID: 34801610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has been extensively used for the treatment of skin damage and subcutaneous tissue abscess for many years in Turkish folk medicine. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of okra fruit by in vitro and in vivo experimental models in detail. Furthermore, based on the results of experiments, a wound healing formulation was developed and its activity profile was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, the phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents and chemical profile of aqueous and ethanolic extracts prepared from okra fruits cultivated in two different locations of Turkey, i.e. Aegean and Kilis regions, were comparatively determined and the tryptophan levels, which is known to be an influential factor in wound healing, were measured. Antioxidant activity of the okra fruit extracts was determined by DPPH test, ABTS radical scavenger activity, iron-binding capacity, total antioxidant capacity and copper reduction capacity assays. Moreover, antibacterial activity potentials of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of okra fruits were determined. The protective effect of the extracts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed in HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cells and in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, respectively. The biocompatibility of the gel formulations prepared with the best performing extract were evaluated by human Epiderm™ reconstituted skin irritation test model. Wound-healing activity was investigated in rats by in vivo excision model and, histopathological examination of tissues and gene expression levels of inflammation markers were also determined. RESULTS According to our findings, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of okra fruits were found to possess a rich in phenolic content. Besides, isoquercitrin was found to be a marker component in ethanolic extracts of okra fruits. Both extracts exhibited antioxidant activity with significant protective effect against H2O2-induced damage in HDF cells by diminishing the MDA level. Also, the highest dose of ethanolic extracts has displayed a potent anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Besides, both water and ethanolic extracts were shown to possess antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, the formulations prepared from the extracts were found non-irritant on in vitro Epiderm™-SIT. In vivo excision assay showed that tissue TGF-β and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased by the 5% okra ethanolic gel formulation. The histopathological analysis also demonstrated that collagenisation and granulation tissue maturation were found higher in 5% (w/v) okra ethanolic extract-treated group. CONCLUSION 5% of okra ethanolic extract might be suggested as a potent wound healing agent based on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory tests. The proposed activity was also confirmed by the histopathological findings and gene expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Sipahi
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Orak
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug, Cosmetic and Medical Device Research-Development and Analysis Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Reis
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey; Acıbadem University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Yalman
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Şenol
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yücelik
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzurum, Turkey; Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - İnci Deniz
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Microbiological Analysis, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Derya Algül
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Etil Guzelmeric
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Engin Çelep
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sanem Argin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ferda Özkan
- Yeditepe University, Medical Faculty, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zekai Halıcı
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey; Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wong CY, Ong HX, Traini D. The application of in vitro cellular assays for analysis of electronic cigarettes impact on the airway. Life Sci 2022; 298:120487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Masaryk L, Zoufalý P, Słoczyńska K, Zahradniková E, Milde D, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Štarha P. New Pt(II) diiodido complexes containing bidentate 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based ligands: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
18
|
Zambuto SG, Rattila S, Dveksler G, Harley BAC. Effects of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoproteins on Trophoblast Motility in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Hydrogels. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:175-191. [PMID: 35401843 PMCID: PMC8938592 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast invasion is a complex biological process necessary for establishment of pregnancy; however, much remains unknown regarding what signaling factors coordinate the extent of invasion. Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are some of the most abundant circulating trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during human pregnancy, with maternal serum concentrations rising to as high as 200-400 μg/mL at term. Methods Here, we employ three-dimensional (3D) trophoblast motility assays consisting of trophoblast spheroids encapsulated in 3D gelatin hydrogels to quantify trophoblast outgrowth area, viability, and cytotoxicity in the presence of PSG1 and PSG9 as well as epidermal growth factor and Nodal. Results We show PSG9 reduces trophoblast motility whereas PSG1 increases motility. Further, we assess bulk nascent protein production by encapsulated spheroids to highlight the potential of this approach to assess trophoblast response (motility, remodeling) to soluble factors and extracellular matrix cues. Conclusions Such models provide an important platform to develop a deeper understanding of early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Shemona Rattila
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karacaoğlu E. Flusilazole-induced damage to SerW3 cells via cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism: An in vitro study. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 180:104998. [PMID: 34955182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flusilazole (C16H15F2N3Si) is a triazole fungicide and it is being used widely in recent years to control fungal infections in various fruits and vegetables. This study aims to evaluate the impact of flusilazole on cytotoxicity, ATP-dependent cassette transporter proteins (ABC transporter proteins) in SerW3 cells. In this study, SerW3 cells have administrated with 25, 100, and 200 μM flusilazole, cell viability was performed. The quantity of the cellular lipids was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Moreover, the expression of the ABCA1 and ABCB1 proteins determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Furtherly, evaluation of the cell death type and measurement of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was performed. According to the results, flusilazole treatment gave rise to inhibition in cell viability, increase in apoptotic cell number, reduction in cellular lipids, and inhibition in the expression of ABCA1 and ABCB1 proteins. Furthermore, it caused decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities. It may be concluded that flusilazole administration may cause infertility/subfertility. The mechanism of action can be due to cytotoxicity, impairment of the detoxification mechanisms, lipid metabolism, and dysregulation of cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Péter B, Boldizsár I, Kovács GM, Erdei A, Bajtay Z, Vörös A, Ramsden JJ, Szabó I, Bősze S, Horvath R. Natural Compounds as Target Biomolecules in Cellular Adhesion and Migration: From Biomolecular Stimulation to Label-Free Discovery and Bioactivity-Based Isolation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1781. [PMID: 34944597 PMCID: PMC8698624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi can be used for medical applications because of their accumulation of special bioactive metabolites. These substances might be beneficial to human health, exerting also anti-inflammatory and anticancer (antiproliferative) effects. We propose that they are mediated by influencing cellular adhesion and migration via various signaling pathways and by directly inactivating key cell adhesion surface receptor sites. The evidence for this proposition is reviewed (by summarizing the natural metabolites and their effects influencing cellular adhesion and migration), along with the classical measuring techniques used to gain such evidence. We systematize existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms of how natural metabolites affect adhesion and movement, and their role in gene expression as well. We conclude by highlighting the possibilities to screen natural compounds faster and more easily by applying new label-free methods, which also enable a far greater degree of quantification than the conventional methods used hitherto. We have systematically classified recent studies regarding the effects of natural compounds on cellular adhesion and movement, characterizing the active substances according to their organismal origin (plants, animals or fungi). Finally, we also summarize the results of recent studies and experiments on SARS-CoV-2 treatments by natural extracts affecting mainly the adhesion and entry of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK;
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karacaoğlu E. Flusilazole Induced Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Neuronal Growth in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells by All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (Atra). Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:597-603. [PMID: 34719187 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.30676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Flusilazole (FLUS) is a broad-spectrum organosilicon triazole fungicide used for protecting economically important cereals and orchard fruits. Considering the exposure route of pesticides, pesticide contamination of food is inevitable. Furthermore, excessive exposure to pesticides causes health problems in both target and non-target organisms. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of the triazole fungicide FLUS on cytotoxicity and neurite extension in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Materials and Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into mature neurons using 10-µM all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment for 7 days. Then the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM FLUS for 24 h. Afterwards, cell viability assays were performed including crystal violet, neutral red cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. The morphological examinations were performed and neurite lenghts of the cells were measured in all experimental groups. Results FLUS treatment induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with RA. Significant decreases in cell viability percentages were observed. Furthermore, neurite lengths were negatively affected by the treatment of FLUS at the highest concentration. Conclusion FLUS is a fungicide widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. However, the intensive use of these compounds causes a potential risk to human and environmental health. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that high concentrations of FLUS cause neurotoxicity by causing neural cell death and adverse effects on neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. FLUS exposure can cause neuronal degeneration in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ergun H, Cayir A. Exposure to glyphosate and tetrachlorvinphos induces cytotoxicity and global DNA methylation in human cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:610-618. [PMID: 34542374 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211033149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two organophosphate pesticides-glyphosate and tetrachlorvinphos-have been announced as carcinogens to humans by various authorities, including the European Chemical Agency and the Environmental Protection Agency. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with carcinogenicity and to examine changes in global m5C DNA methylation and cytotoxic potential in A549 lung epithelial cells in response to glyphosate and tetrachlorvinphos, and differential gene expression of m5C DNA methyltransferase genes in Sprague Dawley rats to Roundup (commercial formulation of glyphosate). Global m5C level significantly increased after 1500 μM glyphosate exposure for 24 h. We determined that exposure to tetrachlorvinphos did not significantly increase the m5C level in A549 cells for 24 h. Additionally, we did not observe significant DNA methylation alteration for both pesticides after 12 h exposure. In the animal study, we observed that DNA methyltransferase genes (DNMT3b and DNMT3a) showed significantly higher expression in Roundup-exposed rats than the control group in the liver and kidney. We also observed that a significant cytotoxic effect was determined after the treatment of the cells with higher concentrations of glyphosate and tetrachlorvinphos. Our results revealed that DNA methylation could be modified by exposure to glyphosate and that exposure to Roundup was associated with the differential expression level of m5C DNA methylation methyltransferase. Finally, exposure to both pesticides increased cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Ergun
- Health Institute, 52950Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Akin Cayir
- Vocational Health College, 52950Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DNA Dyes-Highly Sensitive Reporters of Cell Quantification: Comparison with Other Cell Quantification Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185515. [PMID: 34576986 PMCID: PMC8465179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell quantification is widely used both in basic and applied research. A typical example of its use is drug discovery research. Presently, plenty of methods for cell quantification are available. In this review, the basic techniques used for cell quantification, with a special emphasis on techniques based on fluorescent DNA dyes, are described. The main aim of this review is to guide readers through the possibilities of cell quantification with various methods and to show the strengths and weaknesses of these methods, especially with respect to their sensitivity, accuracy, and length. As these methods are frequently accompanied by an analysis of cell proliferation and cell viability, some of these approaches are also described.
Collapse
|
24
|
Niesyto K, Łyżniak W, Skonieczna M, Neugebauer D. Biological In Vitro Evaluation of PIL Graft Conjugates: Cytotoxicity Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7741. [PMID: 34299358 PMCID: PMC8306113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity of polymer-carriers, which in the side chains contain the cholinum ionic liquid units with chloride (Cl) or pharmaceutical anions dedicated for antituberculosis therapy, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS) and clavulanate (CLV), was investigated. The carriers and drug conjugates were examined, in the concentration range of 3.125-100 μg/mL, against human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) as an experimental model cancer cell line possibly coexisting in tuberculosis. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT test and confluency index, as well as by the cytometric analyses, including Annexin-V FITC apoptosis assay. The polymer systems showed supporting activity towards the normal cells and no tumor progress, especially at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL). The analysis of cell death did not show meaningful changes in the case of the BEAS-2B, whereas in the A549 cell line, the cytostatic activity was observed, especially for the drug-free carriers, causing death in up to 80% of cells. This can be regulated by the polymer structure, including the content of cationic units, side-chain length and density, as well as the type and content of pharmaceutical anions. The results of MTT tests, confluency, as well as cytometric analyses, distinguished the polymer systems with Cl/PAS/CLV containing 26% of grafting degree and 43% of ionic units or 46% of grafting degree and 18% of ionic units as the optimal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niesyto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Wiktoria Łyżniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Biological Effects of Novel Nutraceuticals with Curcuminoids and Other Plant-Derived Immunomodulators and Pre-Probiotics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050666. [PMID: 34066341 PMCID: PMC8148190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective and well-balanced immune system is pivotal for maintaining health. Diet and nutrition can affect the functioning of numerous immune parameters, with direct repercussions on homeostasis. Since our immune functions are indispensable in defending the body against pathogens and thus play a vital role in maintaining health, modulating immune response may well serve as the basis for the development of plant-based functional foods and novel nutraceuticals. This concept is currently utilized in attempts to prevent or mitigate inflammatory reactions via the development of targeted food products or active ingredients since an extended number of phytoconstituents (such as curcuminoids) are associated with beneficial effects on immunity. Immunomodulatory plant-based dietary supplements are considered effective in improving immune functions and reducing the incidence of immunological disorders or imbalances. Therefore, the main focus of this study was to evidence the beneficial biological effects such as antioxidant and antimicrobial, as well as nutritional status, biocompatibility and cell proliferation capacity and immunomodulation of two novel nutraceuticals. The first nutraceutic was based on curcuminoids and other actives from Trigonella foenum- graecum (seeds), Chelidonium majus L. (aerial parts), Taraxacum officinale L. (roots), vitamins (C, D3, A, E) and minerals (zinc) whereas the second one was made of probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis combined with actives from Helianthus tuberosus (tubers) and Psyllium/Plantago ovata (husk) as herbal prebiotics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Roger LM, Reich HG, Lawrence E, Li S, Vizgaudis W, Brenner N, Kumar L, Klein-Seetharaman J, Yang J, Putnam HM, Lewinski NA. Applying model approaches in non-model systems: A review and case study on coral cell culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248953. [PMID: 33831033 PMCID: PMC8031391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Model systems approaches search for commonality in patterns underlying biological diversity and complexity led by common evolutionary paths. The success of the approach does not rest on the species chosen but on the scalability of the model and methods used to develop the model and engage research. Fine-tuning approaches to improve coral cell cultures will provide a robust platform for studying symbiosis breakdown, the calcification mechanism and its disruption, protein interactions, micronutrient transport/exchange, and the toxicity of nanoparticles, among other key biological aspects, with the added advantage of minimizing the ethical conundrum of repeated testing on ecologically threatened organisms. The work presented here aimed to lay the foundation towards development of effective methods to sort and culture reef-building coral cells with the ultimate goal of obtaining immortal cell lines for the study of bleaching, disease and toxicity at the cellular and polyp levels. To achieve this objective, the team conducted a thorough review and tested the available methods (i.e. cell dissociation, isolation, sorting, attachment and proliferation). The most effective and reproducible techniques were combined to consolidate culture methods and generate uncontaminated coral cell cultures for ~7 days (10 days maximum). The tests were conducted on scleractinian corals Pocillopora acuta of the same genotype to harmonize results and reduce variation linked to genetic diversity. The development of cell separation and identification methods in conjunction with further investigations into coral cell-type specific metabolic requirements will allow us to tailor growth media for optimized monocultures as a tool for studying essential reef-building coral traits such as symbiosis, wound healing and calcification at multiple scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza M. Roger
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Hannah G. Reich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Evan Lawrence
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Whitney Vizgaudis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nathan Brenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Jinkyu Yang
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nastassja A. Lewinski
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salètes M, Vartin M, Mocquot C, Chevalier C, Grosgogeat B, Colon P, Attik N. Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses Cytocompatibility Assessment: A Review of In Vitro Studies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:9. [PMID: 33498616 PMCID: PMC7839003 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their high porosity and surface area, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have gained significant interest in the field of medical applications, in particular, with regards to enhanced bioactive properties which facilitate bone regeneration. The aim of this article is to review the state of the art regarding the biocompatibility evaluation of MBGs and provide a discussion of the various approaches taken. The research was performed using PubMed database and covered articles published in the last five years. From a total of 91 articles, 63 were selected after analyzing them according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In vitro methodologies and techniques used for biocompatibility assessment were investigated. Among the biocompatibility assessment techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to study cell morphology and adhesion. Viability and proliferation were assessed using different assays including cell counting and/or cell metabolic activity measurement. Finally, cell differentiation tests relied on the alkaline phosphatase assay; however, these were often complemented by specific bimolecular tests according to the exact application of the mesoporous bioactive glass. The standardization and validation of all tests performed for MBG cytocompatibility is a key aspect and crucial point and should be considered in order to avoid inconsistencies, bias between studies, and unnecessary consumption of time. Therefore, introducing standard tests would serve an important role in the future assessment and development of MBG materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Salètes
- CPE Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Marta Vartin
- CPE Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Caroline Mocquot
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service D’odontologie, Faculté Dentaire, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service D’odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service D’odontologie, Faculté Dentaire, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yilmaz B, Keskinates M, Bayrakci M. Novel integrated sensing system of calixarene and rhodamine molecules for selective colorimetric and fluorometric detection of Hg 2+ ions in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118904. [PMID: 32932034 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three novel and facile calixarene derivatives (5, 6 and 7), which were appended with four rhodamine units at the upper rim of calixarene skeleton, were firstly prepared and evaluated for selective detection of metal ions in solution. Receptors (5) and (7) indicated immediate turn on fluorescence output toward Hg2+ ions over other most competitive metal ions with the ultralow detection limits, indicating their high efficiency and reliability. The binding response to Hg2+ ions in solution was also observed through a chromogenic change (from colorless to pale pink). Furthermore, in vitro and bio-imaging studies with MCF-7 or MIA PaCa-2 cell lines were also performed to investigate the use of receptors in biological systems in order to monitor of mercury ions. Results showed that new receptors (5) or (7) were cell permeable and suitable for real-time imaging of Hg2+ in living cells (MCF-7) or (MIA PaCa-2) without any damage to healthy cell lines (HEK 293).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yilmaz
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Keskinates
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Bayrakci
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lungu-Mitea S, Vogs C, Carlsson G, Montag M, Frieberg K, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Modeling Bioavailable Concentrations in Zebrafish Cell Lines and Embryos Increases the Correlation of Toxicity Potencies across Test Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:447-457. [PMID: 33320646 PMCID: PMC7872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking cellular toxicity to low-tier animal toxicity and beyond is crucial within the adverse outcome pathway concept and the 3R framework. This study aimed to determine and compare the bioavailable effect concentrations in zebrafish cell lines and embryos. Acute, short-term toxicity (48 h) of eight veterinary pharmaceuticals was measured in two zebrafish cell lines (hepatocytes, fibroblasts) and zebrafish embryos. Seven endpoints of cytotoxicity were recorded. The fish embryo acute toxicity test was modified by adding sublethal endpoints. Chemical distribution modeling (mass balance) was applied to compute the bioavailable compound concentrations in cells (Cfree) and embryos (Cint;aq) based on nominal effect concentrations (Cnom). Effect concentration ratios were calculated (cell effects/embryo effects). A low correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity when nominal concentrations were used. Modeled bioavailable effect concentrations strongly increased correlations and placed regression lines close to the line of unity and axis origin. Cytotoxicity endpoints showed differences in sensitivity and predictability. The hepatocyte cell line depicted closer proximity to the embryo data. Conclusively, the high positive correlation between the cell- and embryo-based test systems emphasizes the appropriate modulation of toxicity when linked to bioavailable concentrations. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of fish cell lines to be utilized in integrated testing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliane Montag
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chouryal YN, Nema S, Sharma RK, Kewat HL, Pandey A, Ghosh P, Bhargava Y. The nano-bio interactions of rare-earth doped BaF 2 nanophosphors shape the developmental processes of zebrafish. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6730-6740. [PMID: 33111724 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with biomedical applications should be evaluated for their biocompatibility. Rare-earth doped nanoparticles with unique spectral properties are superior in vivo optical probes in comparison with quantum dots and organic dyes, however, studies describing their nano-bio interactions are still limited. Here, we have evaluated the nano-bio interactions of green-synthesized, phase-pure BaF2 nanoparticles doped with rare-earth (RE3+ = Ce3+/Tb3+) ions using larval zebrafish. We found that zebrafish can tolerate a wide concentration range of these nanoparticles, as the maximal lethality was observed at very high concentrations (more than 200 mg L-1) upon five days of continuous exposure. At a concentration of 10 mg L-1, at which Zn2+, Ti4+ and Ag+ nanoparticles are reported to be lethal to developing zebrafish, continuous exposure to our nanoparticles for four days produced no developmental anomalies, craniofacial defects, cardiac toxicity or behavioural abnormalities in the developing zebrafish larvae. We have also found that the doping of rare-earth ions has no major effect on these biomarkers. Interestingly, the function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the cellular metabolic activity of whole zebrafish larvae remained unchanged, even during continuous exposure to these nanoparticles at 150 mg L-1 for four days; however, severe developmental toxicities were evident at this high concentration. Based on these results, we can conclude that the biocompatibility of rare-earth doped nanoparticles is concentration dependent. Not all biomarkers are sensitive to these nanoparticles. The high concentration-dependent toxicity occurs through a mechanism distinct from changes in the metabolic or AChE activity. The significance of these findings lies in using these nanoparticles for bioimaging applications and biomarker studies, especially for prolonged exposure times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Nath Chouryal
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar-470003, M.P., India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh A, Chow O, Jenkins S, Zhu L, Rose E, Astbury K, Chen R. Characterizing Ischaemic Tolerance in Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells and Primary Rat Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 453:17-31. [PMID: 33246056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning tissue with sublethal ischaemia or hypoxia can confer tolerance (protection) against subsequent ischaemic challenge. In vitro ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is typically achieved through oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), whereas hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) involves oxygen deprivation (OD) alone. Here, we report the effects of preconditioning of OGD, OD or glucose deprivation (GD) in ischaemic tolerance models with PC12 cells and primary rat neurons. PC12 cells preconditioned (4 h) with GD or OGD, but not OD, prior to reperfusion (24 h) then ischaemic challenge (OGD 6 h), showed greater mitochondrial activity, reduced cytotoxicity and decreased apoptosis, compared to sham preconditioned PC12 cells. Furthermore, 4 h preconditioning with reduced glucose (0.565 g/L, reduced from 4.5 g/L) conferred protective effects, but not for higher concentrations (1.125 or 2.25 g/L). Preconditioning (4 h) with OGD, but not OD or GD, induced stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and upregulation of HIF1 downstream genes (Vegf, Glut1, Pfkfb3 and Ldha). In primary rat neurons, only OGD preconditioning (4 h) conferred neuroprotection. OGD preconditioning (4 h) induced stabilization of HIF1α and upregulation of HIF1 downstream genes (Vegf, Phd2 and Bnip3). In conclusion, OGD preconditioning (4 h) followed by 24 h reperfusion induced ischaemic tolerance (against OGD, 6 h) in both PC12 cells and primary rat neurons. The OGD preconditioning protection is associated with HIF1α stabilization and upregulation of HIF1 downstream gene expression. GD preconditioning (4 h) leads to protection in PC12 cells, but not in neurons. This GD preconditioning-induced protection was not associated with HIF1α stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Oliver Chow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Stuart Jenkins
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Emily Rose
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Katherine Astbury
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kamiloglu S, Sari G, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Guidelines for cell viability assays. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kamiloglu
- Mevsim Gida Sanayi ve Soguk Depo Ticaret A.S. (MVSM Foods) Bursa Turkey
| | - Gulce Sari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Istanbul Okan University Tuzla Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khandanlou R, Murthy V, Wang H. Gold nanoparticle-assisted enhancement in bioactive properties of Australian native plant extracts, Tasmannia lanceolata and Backhousia citriodora. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
34
|
Interlink between improved formulations, inhibitory concentrations and cell death mechanism investigations of cytotoxic drugs: What really matters? J Control Release 2020; 320:404-411. [PMID: 32032655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this article, IC50 concentrations derived from MTT assay for further evaluating of cell death induced by new formulations were discussed. This review attempts to introduce an enhanced approach for evaluation of cell death mechanisms based on routine cytotoxicity assays for anti-cancer medications. It is highly desirable for anti-cancer drugs to induce apoptotic cell death in order to have better efficacy and less complications. According to our previous results and other comparable studies, cell death mechanisms and phenotypes followed by cytotoxic drugs are rigorously concentration dependent; therefore, calculated IC50s obtained through cytotoxicity assays should be exactly employed for evaluating of cell death mechanisms. More appropriately, it is better to select concentrations which are closer to the efficient plasma levels for additional cell death evaluations. If enough amounts of new formulated materials are available, it is suggested to calculate and compare IC50s for old and improved formulations at different concentration ranges; otherwise, when materials are not sufficiently available or the toxicity of new formulation is not high enough to yield an IC50, then some specific point to point comparison between corresponding concentrations within a reasonable range should be made. Another important point is that IC50 values obtained via in vitro assays are frequently higher than in vivo or therapeutic plasma concentrations and it seems better to use improved formulation's IC50s which are more comparable to clinical plasma concentrations or consider IC25s of free drugs for determination of cell death mechanisms.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induce autophagy and have a protective effect in an in-vitro ischaemia model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1597. [PMID: 32005890 PMCID: PMC6994562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared effects of five hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) inhibitors on PC12 cells and primary rat neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). At 100 µM, the PHD inhibitors did not cause cytotoxicity and apoptosis. MTT activity was only significantly reduced by FG4592 or Bayer 85-3934 in PC12 cells. The PHD inhibitors at 100 µM significantly increased the LC3-II/LC3-I expression ratio and downregulated p62 in PC12 cells, so did FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM) in neurons. HIF-1α was stabilised in PC12 cells by all the PHD inhibitors at 100 µM except for DMOG, which stabilised HIF-1α at 1 and 2 mM. In primary neurons, HIF-1α was stabilised by FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM). Pretreatment with the PHD inhibitors 24 hours followed by 24 hour reoxygenation prior to 6 hours OGD (0.3% O2) significantly reduced LDH release and increased MTT activity compared to vehicle (1% DMSO) pretreatment. In conclusion, the PHD inhibitors stabilise HIF-1α in normoxia, induce autophagy, and protect cells from a subsequent OGD insult. The new class of PHD inhibitors (FG4592, FG2216, GSK1278863, Bay85-3934) have the higher potency than DMOG. The interplay between autophagy, HIF stabilisation and neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke merits further investigation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Aplak E, von Montfort C, Haasler L, Stucki D, Steckel B, Reichert AS, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. CNP mediated selective toxicity on melanoma cells is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227926. [PMID: 31951630 PMCID: PMC6968876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium (Ce) oxide nanoparticles (CNP; nanoceria) are reported to have cytotoxic effects on certain cancerous cell lines, while at the same concentration they show no cytotoxicity on normal (healthy) cells. Redox-active CNP exhibit both selective prooxidative as well as antioxidative properties. The former is proposed to be responsible for impairment of tumor growth and invasion and the latter for rescuing normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Here we address possible underlying mechanisms of prooxidative effects of CNP in a metastatic human melanoma cell line. Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and once it becomes metastatic the prognosis is very poor. We have shown earlier that CNP selectively kill A375 melanoma cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels, whose basic amount is significantly higher than in the normal (healthy) counterpart, the melanocytes. Here we show that CNP initiate a mitochondrial increase of ROS levels accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we observed CNP-induced changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and cristae morphology demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction which finally led to tumor cell death. CNP-induced cell death is abolished by administration of PEG-conjugated catalase. Overall, we propose that cerium oxide nanoparticles mediate cell death via hydrogen peroxide production linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Aplak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Haasler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Prochor P, Mierzejewska ŻA. Influence of the Surface Roughness of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM on the Viability of Primary Human Osteoblasts Determined by the MTT Test. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244189. [PMID: 31847109 PMCID: PMC6947449 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to clearly determine whether selected modern medical materials and three dimensional printing allow for satisfactory viability of human osteoblasts, which is important from the point of view of the subsequent osseointegration process. Moreover, as implants are produced with various topography, the influence of surface roughness on viability of bone cells was evaluated. To conduct the research, primary human osteoblasts (PromoCell) were used. Cells were seeded on samples of glass-reinforced polyetheretherketone (30% of the filling), Ti6Al4V manufactured with the use of selective laser melting technology and forged Ti6Al4V with appropriately prepared variable surface roughness. To assess the viability of the tested cells the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used. Results showed that all evaluated materials do not exhibit cytotoxic properties. Moreover, on their basis it can be concluded that there is a certain surface topography (designated i.a. as roughness equal to approx. Ra = 0.30 μm), which ensures the highest possible viability of human osteoblasts. On the basis of the received data, it can also be concluded that modern glass-reinforced polyetheretherketone or Ti6Al4V produced by rapid prototyping method allow to manufacture implants that should be effectively used in clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Yilmaz B, Bayrac AT, Bayrakci M. Evaluation of Anticancer Activities of Novel Facile Synthesized Calix[n]arene Sulfonamide Analogs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1484-1497. [PMID: 31782087 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, new calixarene sulfonamide analogs were synthesized from the reaction of chlorosulfonated calix[n]arene (n: 4, 6, and 8) with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine or ethylenediamine for the first time and an excellent calixarene sulfonamide analog showing potent and selective cytotoxic activity on some cancer cell lines were discovered. Cytotoxicity of the prepared calix[n]arene sulfonamide analogs towards both cancer and healthy cell lines was assessed by performing cell growth inhibition assays. In cytotoxicity assay results, it was observed that while sulfonamide analog based calix[4]arene (9) was not affecting the growth of epithelial cell lines (HEK), and it was especially effective on inhibiting the growth of some human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MIA PaCa-2). These results highlight that sulfonamide analog-based calix [4] arene (9) can be further studied as a potential anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tahir Bayrac
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Bayrakci
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nikouyan N, Farhadi A, Gorzin AA, Geramizadeh B, Okhovat MA, Seyyedi N, Dehbidi GR, Ranjbaran R, Behzad-Behbahani A. A fluorometric hybridization assay for detecting and genotyping high-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in archival tissues of cervical specimens. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:161-168. [PMID: 31707717 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and genotyping of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in cervical tissue specimens is significant for cervical cancer prevention. A sensitive microplate fluorometric hybridization assay (MFHA) was designed for the detection of HPV DNA 16 and 18 in cervical tissue. Following optimization and validation of the method, 60 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical samples representing different cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades of HPV-associated lesions were tested to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Using consensus GP5+/6+ biotin-labeled primers to amplify a conserved region within the L1 gene, the amplicons were added to the microplate wells coated with specific probes for the hybridization of HPV 16 and 18 individually. Final detection was performed with streptavidin-AlexaFluor488 conjugated. The results were then compared with type-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colorimetric microplate assay. While the agreement between the results obtained by the type-specific nested PCR and fluorometric assay for the detection of both HR-HPV types was 100%, this agreement for the detection of HPV type 16 and 18 using microplate colorimetric assay was 94.2% and 85% respectively. Overall, the results of the fluorometric and colorimetric assays are promising for detecting both HR-HPV types in a large number of cervical tissue samples with the higher MFHA assay sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Nikouyan
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Gorzin
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Organ Transplant Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Noorossadat Seyyedi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hemmatian T, Kim J. Quantification Methods for Textile-Adhered Bacteria: Extraction, Colorimetric, and Microscopic Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1666. [PMID: 31614838 PMCID: PMC6835282 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of bacteria adhered on porous, multi-layered fibers is a challenging task. The goal of this study is to compare different assessment procedures on counting textile-adhered bacteria, and to guide relevant analytical techniques. Three different methods were compared in measuring the amount of Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhered to polymeric film and fibrous nonwovens. In the extraction method, the adhered bacteria were released with the assistance of surfactant/enzyme, where the measurement was rather reproducible. For colorimetric method, stained bacteria enabled direct visualization without needing to detach cells from the surface, yet the linearity of color absorbency to cell counts was limited. The microscopic analysis provided direct observation of bacterial distribution over the surface, but accurate quantification was not possible for porous, fibrous surfaces. This study intends to help choosing a suitable test method to accurately quantify the textile-adhered bacteria, as well as broadly impact the research on anti-bioadhesive surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Hemmatian
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chan YH, Liu TC, Liao CK, Cheng YF, Tsai CH, Lu YC, Hu CJ, Lin HJ, Lee YL, Wu CC, Hsu CJ. Consumption of betel quid contributes to sensorineural hearing impairment through arecoline-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14554. [PMID: 31601870 PMCID: PMC6787045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances, and is consumed by approximately 10% of the world’s population. In addition to its carcinogenicity, betel quid has also been reported to affect many organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. As betel quid contains several neurotoxic ingredients, we hypothesize that it also possesses ototoxicity and may lead to sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI). In this study, we investigated the contribution of betel quid consumption to SNHI in a large clinical cohort, and validated the pathogenetic mechanisms in ex vivo tissue explants. We enrolled a total of 2364 volunteers, and determined their audiologic results based on Z-scores converted from their original frequency-specific hearing thresholds. Using generalized linear regression, we identified a positive correlation between betel quid consumption and the Z-scores across different frequencies. Subsequently, we explored the toxicity of arecoline, the main neuroactive component of betel quid, on tissue explants from murine cochleae. Arecoline reduced cell activity in the explant cultures and induced apoptosis in the hair cells, probably through the effects of oxidative stress. These findings have expanded the potential hazards of betel quid to common neurological disorders, and provide insights into preventive strategies against SNHI caused by neurotoxic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hui Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kang Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Tsai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ju Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bauhammer I, Sacha M, Haltner E. Establishment of an in vitro model of cultured viable human, porcine and canine skin and comparison of different media supplements. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7811. [PMID: 31592353 PMCID: PMC6778665 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery provides several advantages over conventional drug administration, such as the avoidance of first-pass metabolism and better patient compliance. In vitro research can abbreviate and facilitate the pharmaceutical development considerably compared to in vivo research as drug screening and clinical studies can be reduced. These advantages led to the development of corresponding skin models. Viable skin models are more useful than non-viable ones, due to the influence of skin metabolism on the results. While most in vitro studies concentrate on evaluating human-based models, the current study is designed for the investigation of both human and animal diseases. So far, there is little information available in the literature about viable animal skin cultures which are in fact intended for application in the veterinary and not the human field. Hence, the current study aims to fill the gap. For the in vitro viable skin model, specimens of human, porcine and canine skin were cultured over two weeks under serum-free conditions. To evaluate the influence of medium supplementation on skin viability, two different supplement mixtures were compared with basic medium. The skin specimens were maintained at a viability-level >50% until the end of the study. From the tested supplements, the addition of bovine pituitary extract and epidermal growth factor increased skin viability whereas hydrocortisone and insulin induced a decrease. This in vitro viable skin model may be a useful tool for the investigation of skin diseases, especially for the veterinary field.
Collapse
|
43
|
Berning L, Scharf L, Aplak E, Stucki D, von Montfort C, Reichert AS, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. In vitro selective cytotoxicity of the dietary chalcone cardamonin (CD) on melanoma compared to healthy cells is mediated by apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222267. [PMID: 31553748 PMCID: PMC6760786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of cancer and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Even though enormous efforts have been undertaken, in particular the treatment options against the metastasizing form are challenging and the prognosis is generally poor. A novel therapeutical approach is the application of secondary plant constituents occurring in food and food products. Herein, the effect of the dietary chalcone cardamonin, inter alia found in Alpinia species, was tested using human malignant melanoma cells. These data were compared to cardamonin treated normal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts representing healthy cells. To investigate the impact of cardamonin on tumor and normal cells, it was added to monolayer cell cultures and cytotoxicity, proliferation, tumor invasion, and apoptosis were studied with appropriate cell biological and biochemical methods. Cardamonin treatment resulted in an apoptosis-mediated increase in cytotoxicity towards tumor cells, a decrease in their proliferation rate, and a lowered invasive capacity, whereas the viability of melanocytes and fibroblasts was hardly affected at such concentrations. A selective cytotoxic effect of cardamonin on melanoma cells compared to normal (healthy) cells was shown in vitro. This study along with others highlights that dietary chalcones may be a valuable tool in anticancer therapies which has to be proven in the future in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Scharf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elif Aplak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are widely used industrial chemicals, ubiquitously present in the environment. While BPA is a well-known endocrine disruptor and able to affect all levels of the teleost reproductive axis, information regarding TBBPA on this subject is very limited. Using primary cultures from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), the present study was aimed at investigating potential direct effects of acute (72 h) BPA and TBBPA exposure on cell viability and the expression of reproductive-relevant genes in the pituitary. The results revealed that both bisphenols stimulate cell viability in terms of metabolic activity and membrane integrity at environmentally relevant concentrations. BPA had no direct effects on gonadotropin gene expression, but enhanced the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor 2a, the main gonadotropin modulator in Atlantic cod. In contrast, TBBPA increased gonadotropin transcript levels but had no effect on GnRH receptor mRNA. In conclusion, both anthropogenic compounds display endocrine disruptive properties and are able to directly interfere with gene expression related to reproductive function in cod pituitary cells at environmentally relevant concentrations in vitro.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cardiotoxicity screening of illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:102-112. [PMID: 31526813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances (NPS), is paralleled by emergency department visits of drug users with severe cardiotoxicity. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity can be the (secondary) result of increased norepinephrine blood concentrations, but data on potential drug-induced direct effects on cardiomyocyte function are scarce. The presence of hundreds of NPS therefore calls for efficient screening models to assess direct cardiotoxicity. We investigated effects of four reference compounds (3-30 nM dofetilide, nifedipine and isoproterenol, and 1-10 μM mexiletine) and six recreational drugs (0.01-100 μM cocaine, 0.01-1000 μM amphetamine, MDMA, 4-fluoroamphetamine, α-PVP and MDPV) on cardiomyocyte function (beat rate, spike amplitude and field potential duration (FPD ≈ QT interval in ECGs)), using Pluricyte® human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes cultured on ready-to-use CardioPlate™ multi-well microelectrode arrays (mwMEAs). Moreover, the effects of exposure to recreational drugs on cell viability were assessed. Effects of reference compounds were in accordance with the literature, indicating the presence of hERG potassium (dofetilide), sodium (mexiletine) and calcium (nifedipine) channels and α-adrenergic receptors (isoproterenol). All recreational drugs decreased the spike amplitude at 10-100 μM. All amphetamine-type stimulants and α-PVP decreased the beat rate at 300 μM, while cocaine and MDPV did so at 10 μM and 30 μM, respectively. All drugs increased the FPD, however at varying concentrations. MDMA, MDPV and amphetamine affected cardiomyocyte function at concentrations relevant for human exposure, while other drugs affected cardiomyocyte function only at higher concentrations (≥ 10 μM). Cell viability was only mildly affected at concentrations well above the lowest concentrations affecting cardiomyocyte function. We demonstrate that MEA recordings of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes enable screening for acute, direct effects on cardiomyocyte function. Our data further indicate that tachycardia in patients exposed to recreational drugs is likely due to indirect drug effects, while prolonged repolarization periods (prolonged QTc interval) could (partly) result from direct drug effects on cardiomyocyte function.
Collapse
|
46
|
Establishment of a novel in vitro viable human skin model as a basis for the treatment of human and veterinary chronic skin diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Epoxyscillirosidine Induced Cytotoxicity and Ultrastructural Changes in a Rat Embryonic Cardiomyocyte (H9c2) Cell Line. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050284. [PMID: 31117277 PMCID: PMC6563272 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraea pallida Bak. (yellow tulp) poisoning is the most important cardiac glycoside-induced intoxication in ruminants in South Africa. The toxic principle, 1α, 2α-epoxyscillirosidine, is a bufadienolide. To replace the use of sentient animals in toxicity testing, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of epoxyscillirosidine on rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cell line). This in vitro cell model can then be used in future toxin neutralization or toxico-therapy studies. Cell viability, evaluated with the methyl blue thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, indicated a hormetic dose/concentration response, characterized by a biphasic low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. Increased cell membrane permeability and leakage, as expected with necrotic cells, were demonstrated with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The LC50 was 382.68, 132.28 and 289.23 µM for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. Numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, karyolysis and damage to the cell membrane, indicative of necrosis, were observed at higher doses. Ultra-structural changes suggested that the cause of H9c2 cell death, subsequent to epoxyscillirosidine exposure, is necrosis, which is consistent with myocardial necrosis observed at necropsy. Based on the toxicity observed, and supported by ultra-structural findings, the H9c2 cell line could be a suitable in vitro model to evaluate epoxyscillirosidine neutralization or other therapeutic interventions in the future.
Collapse
|
48
|
Validation and stability analysis of a modified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test method to be employed for an in vitro viable skin model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01618. [PMID: 31111108 PMCID: PMC6512560 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of increasing numbers of dermatological disorders, transdermal drug delivery along with in vitro research is becoming increasingly popular. Herefore, qualified in vitro skin models are required. The objective of this study was the optimization and validation of a modified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay during the establishment of an in vitro viable human skin model, employable for a variety of skin associated disorders. Firstly, the most suitable LDH isoform for the study was determined. Subsequently, a stability study was conducted to investigate the best storage conditions of the LDH enzyme. Finally, the test system was validated in terms of linear range, range limits and system suitability. The results indicate LDH-5 as most suitable isoform due to its predominance in skin. The stability samples stored at −20 °C in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as cryoprotector displayed the targeted recovery of 100% ± 15 % until the end of the four-week study in contrast to other investigated conditions. A six-point calibration without PEG and a seven-point calibration with PEG including evaluation of system suitability and quantification limits were established with both correlation coefficients r2 above 0.99 and all deviations below 15%. Concluding from those results, this method can be considered valid and useful for its employment in viability determination of viable in vitro skin models.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajadi SM, Sajjadi M, Issaabadi Z. Applications of Nanotechnology in Daily Life. INTERFACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813586-0.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
50
|
Influence of Inosine Pranobex on Cell Viability in Normal Fibroblasts and Liver Cancer Cells. J Vet Res 2018; 62:215-220. [PMID: 30364913 PMCID: PMC6200297 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine) stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to viral infections in humans and might have also therapeutic use in animals. The aim of this study was to compare three in vitro cytotoxicity assays on mouse embryo fibroblasts and liver cancer cells and determine their ability to detect early cytotoxic effects for inosine pranobex. Material and Methods BALB/3T3 clone A31and HepG2 cells were incubated with inosine pranobex at concentrations from 0.1 to 1,000 μg/mL. Cell viability was determined with the MTT reduction, the LHD release, and the NRU tests. Results A decrease in the cell viability was observed after incubating the BALB/3T3 clone A31and HepG2 cells with inosine pranobex. Conclusions Based on the cytotoxicity endpoints measured in these investigations in BALB/3T3 clone A31cells, it can be concluded that the cell membrane may be the first part of the cell to be affected by inosine pranobex. The disintegration of lysosomes and mitochondria follows mitochondria damage. In HepG2 cells likewise, the cell membrane may be the first part of the cell to be affected by inosine pranobex. Also in liver cancer cells, the disintegration of mitochondria (assessed with the MTT reduction assay) and next of lysosomes (assessed with the NRU assay) follows mitochondria damage.
Collapse
|