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Cataldo A, Cheung DG, Hagan JP, Fassan M, Sandhu-Deol S, Croce CM, Di Leva G, Iorio MV. Genetic Loss of miR-205 Causes Increased Mammary Gland Development. Noncoding RNA 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 38250804 PMCID: PMC10801544 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs play crucial roles in a broad spectrum of biological processes, both physiological and pathological. Different reports implicate miR-205 in the control of breast stem cell properties. Differential miR-205 expression has been observed in different stages of mammary gland development and maturation. However, a functional role in this process has not been clearly demonstrated. We generated an miR-205 knockout in the FVB/N mouse strain, which is viable and characterized by enhanced mammary gland development. Indeed, mammary glands of miR-205-/- female mice at different ages (1.5 and 5.5 months) show increased outgrowth and branching. This evidence is consistent with our previously reported data demonstrating the direct miR-205-mediated targeting of HER3, a master regulator of mammary gland development, and the oncosuppressive activity of this microRNA in different types of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cataldo
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas G. Cheung
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Hagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCSS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Sukhinder Sandhu-Deol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gianpiero Di Leva
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marilena V. Iorio
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
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2
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Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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3
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Peptide G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:957. [PMID: 37508387 PMCID: PMC10376828 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB RTKs (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) have been well-studied in cancer. EGFR, HER2, and HER3 stimulate cancer proliferation, principally by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, resulting in increased cancer cell survival and proliferation. Cancer cells have high densities of the EGFR, HER2, and HER3 causing phosphorylation of tyrosine amino acids on protein substrates and tyrosine amino acids near the C-terminal of the RTKs. After transforming growth factor (TGF) α binds to the EGFR, homodimers or EGFR heterodimers form. HER2 forms heterodimers with the EGFR, HER3, and HER4. The EGFR, HER2, and HER3 are overexpressed in lung cancer patient tumors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as Herceptin against HER2, are used to treat breast cancer patients. Patients with EGFR mutations are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib or osimertinib. Peptide GPCRs, such as NTSR1, are present in many cancers, and neurotensin (NTS) stimulates the growth of cancer cells. Lung cancer proliferation is impaired by SR48692, an NTSR1 antagonist. SR48692 is synergistic with gefitinib at inhibiting lung cancer growth. Adding NTS to lung cancer cells increases the shedding of TGFα, which activates the EGFR, or neuregulin-1, which activates HER3. The transactivation process is impaired by SRC, matrix metalloprotease, and reactive oxygen species inhibitors. While the transactivation process is complicated, it is fast and occurs within minutes after adding NTS to cancer cells. This review emphasizes the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and SR48692 to impair transactivation and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Mazumder A, Shiao S, Haricharan S. HER2 Activation and Endocrine Treatment Resistance in HER2-negative Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6329618. [PMID: 34320193 PMCID: PMC8379900 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lethality of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) breast cancer, which is often considered to have better prognosis than other subtypes, is defined by resistance to the standard of care endocrine treatment. Relapse and metastasis are inevitable in almost every patient whose cancer is resistant to endocrine treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying causes of treatment resistance remains an important biological and clinical focus of research in this area. Growth factor receptor pathway activation, specifically HER2 activation, has been identified as 1 mechanism of endocrine treatment resistance across a range of experimental model systems. However, clinical trials conducted to test whether targeting HER2 benefits patients with endocrine treatment-resistant ER+ breast cancer have consistently and disappointingly shown mixed results. One reason for the failure of these clinical trials could be the complexity of crosstalk between ER, HER2, and other growth factor receptors and the fluidity of HER2 activation in these cells, which makes it challenging to identify stratifiers for this targeted intervention. In the absence of stratifiers that can be assayed at diagnosis to allow prospective tailoring of HER2 inhibition to the right patients, clinical trials will continue to disappoint. To understand stratifiers, it is important that the field invests in key understudied areas of research including characterization of the tumor secretome and receptor activation in response to endocrine treatment, and mapping the ER-HER2 growth factor network in the normal and developing mammary gland. Understanding these mechanisms further is critical to improving outcomes for the hard-to-treat endocrine treatment-resistant ER+ breast cancer cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloran Mazumder
- Aging and Cancer Immuno-oncology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen Shiao
- Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- Aging and Cancer Immuno-oncology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: Svasti Haricharan, PhD, Sanford Burnham Prebys, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Senger K, Yuan W, Sagolla M, Doerr J, Bolon B, Ziai J, Sun K, Warming S, Roose‐Girma M, Zhang N, Tam L, Newman RJ, Chaudhuri S, Antony A, Goldstein LD, Durinck S, Jaiswal BS, Lafkas D, Modrusan Z, Seshagiri S. Embryonic lethality and defective mammary gland development of activator-function impaired conditional knock-in Erbb3 V943R mice. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 2:e10036. [PMID: 36618440 PMCID: PMC9744554 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ERBB3 is a pseudokinase domain-containing member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Following ligand binding, ERBB receptors homo- or hetero-dimerize, leading to a head-to-tail arrangement of the intracellular kinase domains, where the "receiver" kinase domain of one ERBB is activated by the "activator" domain of the other ERBB in the dimer. In ERBB3, a conserved valine at codon 943 (V943) in the kinase C-terminal domain has been shown to be important for its function as an "activator" kinase in vitro. Here we report a knock-in mouse model where we have modified the endogenous Erbb3 allele to allow for tissue-specific conditional expression of Erbb3 V943R (Erbb3 CKI-V943R ). Additionally, we generated an Erbb3 D850N (Erbb3 CKI-D850N ) conditional knock-in mouse model where the conserved aspartate in the DFG motif of the pseudokinase domain was mutated to abolish any potential residual kinase activity. While Erbb3 D850N/D850N animals developed normally, homozygous Erbb3 V943R/V943R expression during development resulted in embryonic lethality. Further, tissue specific expression of Erbb3 V943R/V943R in the mammary gland epithelium following its activation using MMTV-Cre resulted in delayed elongation of the ductal network during puberty. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of Erbb3 V943R/V943R mammary glands showed a reduction in a specific subset of fibrinogen-producing luminal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Senger
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wenlin Yuan
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Meredith Sagolla
- Department of PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonas Doerr
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Department of PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kai‐Hui Sun
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Soren Warming
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Merone Roose‐Girma
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert J. Newman
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Subhra Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Leonard D. Goldstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steffen Durinck
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bijay S. Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel Lafkas
- Department of Immunology DiscoveryGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular BiologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,SciGenom Research FoundationBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
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6
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Nguyen ATQ, Lee SY, Chin HJ, Le QVC, Lee D. Kinase activity of ERBB3 contributes to intestinal organoids growth and intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:137-147. [PMID: 31724799 PMCID: PMC6942447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, ERBB3 plays an essential role in development and disease independent of inherently inactive kinase domain. Recently, ERBB3 has been found to bind to ATP and has catalytic activity in vitro. However, the biological function of ERBB3 kinase activity remains elusive in vivo. Here we have identified the physiological function of inactivated ERBB3 kinase activity by creating Erbb3‐K740M knockin mice in which ATP cannot bind to ERBB3. Unlike Erbb3 knockout mice, kinase‐inactive Erbb3K740M homozygous mice were born in Mendelian ratios and showed normal development. After dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, the kinase‐inactive Erbb3 mutant mice showed normal recovery. However, the outgrowth of ileal organoids by neuregulin‐1 treatment was more attenuated in Erbb3 mutant mice than in WT mice. Moreover, in combination with the ApcMin mouse, the proportion of polyps less than 1 mm in diameter in mutant mice was higher than in control mice and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in polyps from mutant mice compared with polyps from control mice. Taken together, the ERBB3 kinase activity contributes to the outgrowth of ileal organoids and intestinal tumorigenesis, and the development of ERBB3 kinase inhibitors, including epidermal growth factor receptor family members, can be a potential way to target colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quy Van-Chanh Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Samocha A, Doh H, Kessenbrock K, Roose JP. Unraveling Heterogeneity in Epithelial Cell Fates of the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1423. [PMID: 31554261 PMCID: PMC6826786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluidity in cell fate or heterogeneity in cell identity is an interesting cell biological phenomenon, which at the same time poses a significant obstacle for cancer therapy. The mammary gland seems a relatively straightforward organ with stromal cells and basal- and luminal- epithelial cell types. In reality, the epithelial cell fates are much more complex and heterogeneous, which is the topic of this review. Part of the complexity comes from the dynamic nature of this organ: the primitive epithelial tree undergoes extensively remodeling and expansion during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation and, unlike most other organs, the bulk of mammary gland development occurs late, during puberty. An active cell biological debate has focused on lineage commitment to basal- and luminal- epithelial cell fates by epithelial progenitor and stem cells; processes that are also relevant to cancer biology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of heterogeneity in mammary gland and recent insights obtained through lineage tracing, signaling assays, and organoid cultures. Lastly, we relate these insights to cancer and ongoing efforts to resolve heterogeneity in breast cancer with single-cell RNAseq approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Samocha
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hanna Doh
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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8
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Chatterjee SJ, Halaoui R, Deagle RC, Rejon C, McCaffrey L. Numb regulates cell tension required for mammary duct elongation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042341. [PMID: 31036751 PMCID: PMC6550071 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes extensive expansion of a ductal network through the stroma during puberty and is an excellent model for understanding epithelial tube morphogenesis. To investigate a role for Numb, a multifaceted adapter protein, in epithelial tube morphogenesis, we conditionally deleted it from the mammary epithelium. We report that Numb-depletion results in altered extracellular-matrix organization, reduced cell tension, altered cell shape, and increased cell packing density, which results in a 50% reduction in mammary duct elongation. Using laser ablation in vitro and geometric-based cell force inference in vivo, we determined that Numb-deficient cells have altered cortical tension. Duct elongation defects were associated with altered E-cadherin distribution, but were independent of proliferation, apoptosis in ducts or end buds. This highlights a critical role for Numb in a mechanical mechanism that is required to maintain cell packing density during epithelial tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa June Chatterjee
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ruba Halaoui
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Catherine Deagle
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carlis Rejon
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
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9
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Mills KL, Gomes AM, Standlee CR, Rojo MD, Carmeliet P, Lin Z, Machado HL. Gas6 is dispensable for pubertal mammary gland development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208550. [PMID: 30533018 PMCID: PMC6289431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development is a complex and dynamic process that occurs mainly postnatally. Ductal elongation and branching morphogenesis are regulated by a plethora of factors, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors and the extracellular matrix. Gas6 is a secreted gamma-carboxylated protein that binds to a family of receptors tyrosine kinase receptors known as the TAMR family (Tyro3, Axl, Mer). Gas6 function in developmental processes has been shown in nervous, reproductive and immune systems. In this study, we found that Gas6 is highly expressed in virgin adult mammary glands but declines during pregnancy and lactation. Specifically, Gas6 is highly expressed in luminal and basal mammary epithelial cells during puberty and adulthood, while TAMR expression is low. Mammary whole mount analysis revealed that Gas6 germline deletion does not impact ductal elongation, branching morphogenesis or terminal end bud formation. Masson's trichrome staining showed that collagen deposition is similar in Gas6-/- mice as compared to wildtype mice. Gas6-/- mammary glands presented an organized luminal and myoepithelial bilayer of cells, and the proportion of mammary stem cells was unchanged in Gas6-/- mammary glands as compared to wildtype. Finally, proliferation of epithelial cells and macrophage number were similar in both groups. These studies suggest that Gas6 is not essential for pubertal mammary gland development in nulliparous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Angelica M. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Courtney R. Standlee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Michelle D. Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongsan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Williams MM, Vaught DB, Joly MM, Hicks DJ, Sanchez V, Owens P, Rahman B, Elion DL, Balko JM, Cook RS. ErbB3 drives mammary epithelial survival and differentiation during pregnancy and lactation. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:105. [PMID: 28886748 PMCID: PMC5591538 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, as the mammary gland prepares for synthesis and delivery of milk to newborns, a luminal mammary epithelial cell (MEC) subpopulation proliferates rapidly in response to systemic hormonal cues that activate STAT5A. While the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 is required for STAT5A activation in MECs during pregnancy, it is unclear how ErbB3, a heterodimeric partner of ErbB4 and activator of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling, contributes to lactogenic expansion of the mammary gland. Methods We assessed mRNA expression levels by expression microarray of mouse mammary glands harvested throughout pregnancy and lactation. To study the role of ErbB3 in mammary gland lactogenesis, we used transgenic mice expressing WAP-driven Cre recombinase to generate a mouse model in which conditional ErbB3 ablation occurred specifically in alveolar mammary epithelial cells (aMECs). Results Profiling of RNA from mouse MECs isolated throughout pregnancy revealed robust Erbb3 induction during mid-to-late pregnancy, a time point when aMECs proliferate rapidly and undergo differentiation to support milk production. Litters nursed by ErbB3KO dams weighed significantly less when compared to litters nursed by ErbB3WT dams. Further analysis revealed substantially reduced epithelial content, decreased aMEC proliferation, and increased aMEC cell death during late pregnancy. Consistent with the potent ability of ErbB3 to activate cell survival through the PI3K/Akt pathway, we found impaired Akt phosphorylation in ErbB3KO samples, as well as impaired expression of STAT5A, a master regulator of lactogenesis. Constitutively active Akt rescued cell survival in ErbB3-depleted aMECs, but failed to restore STAT5A expression or activity. Interestingly, defects in growth and survival of ErbB3KO aMECs as well as Akt phosphorylation, STAT5A activity, and expression of milk-encoding genes observed in ErbB3KO MECs progressively improved between late pregnancy and lactation day 5. We found a compensatory upregulation of ErbB4 activity in ErbB3KO mammary glands. Enforced ErbB4 expression alleviated the consequences of ErbB3 ablation in aMECs, while combined ablation of both ErbB3 and ErbB4 exaggerated the phenotype. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that ErbB3, like ErbB4, enhances lactogenic expansion and differentiation of the mammary gland during pregnancy, through activation of Akt and STAT5A, two targets crucial for lactation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0893-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - David B Vaught
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Meghan Morrison Joly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - David L Elion
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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11
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Printsev I, Curiel D, Carraway KL. Membrane Protein Quantity Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:379-392. [PMID: 27743014 PMCID: PMC5392169 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The canonical function of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) system is to enforce quality control among membrane-associated proteins by targeting misfolded secreted, intra-organellar, and intramembrane proteins for degradation. However, increasing evidence suggests that ERAD additionally functions in maintaining appropriate levels of a subset of membrane-associated proteins. In this 'quantity control' capacity, ERAD responds to environmental cues to regulate the proteasomal degradation of specific ERAD substrates according to cellular need. In this review, we discuss in detail seven proteins that are targeted by the ERAD quantity control system. Not surprisingly, ERAD-mediated protein degradation is a key regulatory feature of a variety of ER-resident proteins, including HMG-CoA reductase, cytochrome P450 3A4, IP3 receptor, and type II iodothyronine deiodinase. In addition, the ERAD quantity control system plays roles in maintaining the proper stoichiometry of multi-protein complexes by mediating the degradation of components that are produced in excess of the limiting subunit. Perhaps somewhat unexpectedly, recent evidence suggests that the ERAD quantity control system also contributes to the regulation of plasma membrane-localized signaling receptors, including the ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase and the GABA neurotransmitter receptors. For these substrates, a proportion of the newly synthesized yet properly folded receptors are diverted for degradation at the ER, and are unable to traffic to the plasma membrane. Given that receptor abundance or concentration within the plasma membrane plays key roles in determining signaling efficiency, these observations may point to a novel mechanism for modulating receptor-mediated cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Printsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Daniel Curiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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12
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Disrupted hippocampal neuregulin-1/ErbB3 signaling and dentate gyrus granule cell alterations in suicide. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1161. [PMID: 28675388 PMCID: PMC5538115 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and ErbB receptors have been associated with psychopathology, and NRG1-ErbB3 signaling has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis and induce antidepressant-like effects. In this study, we aimed to determine whether deficits in NRG1 or ErbBs might be present in the hippocampus of suicide completers. In well-characterized postmortem hippocampal samples from suicides and matched sudden-death controls, we assessed gene expression and methylation using qRT-PCR and EpiTYPER, respectively. Moreover, in hippocampal tissues stained with cresyl violet, stereology was used to quantify numbers of granule cells and of glia. Granule cell body size was examined with a nucleator probe, and granule cell layer volume with a Cavalieri probe. Unmedicated suicides showed sharply decreased hippocampal ErbB3 expression and decreased numbers of ErbB3-expressing granule cell neurons in the anterior dentate gyrus; a phenomenon seemingly reversed by antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, we found ErbB3 expression to be significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus of adult mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress. Taken together, these results reveal novel suicidal endophenotypes in the hippocampus, as well as a putative etiological mechanism underlying suicidality, and suggest that antidepressant or NRG1 treatment may reverse a potential deficit in anterior dentate gyrus granule cell neurons in individuals at risk of dying by suicide.
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13
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Mapes J, Li Q, Kannan A, Anandan L, Laws M, Lydon JP, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. CUZD1 is a critical mediator of the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway that controls mammary gland development during pregnancy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006654. [PMID: 28278176 PMCID: PMC5363987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammary gland, genetic circuits controlled by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, act in concert with pathways regulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family to orchestrate growth and morphogenesis during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the hormonal and growth factor pathways remain poorly understood. We have identified the CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1), expressed in mammary ductal and alveolar epithelium, as a novel mediator of mammary gland proliferation and differentiation during pregnancy and lactation. Cuzd1-null mice exhibited a striking impairment in mammary ductal branching and alveolar development during pregnancy, resulting in a subsequent defect in lactation. Gene expression profiling of mammary epithelium revealed that CUZD1 regulates the expression of a subset of the EGF family growth factors, epiregulin, neuregulin-1, and epigen, which act in an autocrine fashion to activate ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors. Proteomic studies further revealed that CUZD1 interacts with a complex containing JAK1/JAK2 and STAT5, downstream transducers of prolactin signaling in the mammary gland. In the absence of CUZD1, STAT5 phosphorylation in the mammary epithelium during alveologenesis was abolished. Conversely, elevated expression of Cuzd1 in mammary epithelial cells stimulated prolactin-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed co-occupancy of phosphorylated STAT5 and CUZD1 in the regulatory regions of epiregulin, a potential regulator of epithelial proliferation, and whey acidic protein, a marker of epithelial differentiation. Collectively, these findings suggest that CUZD1 plays a critical role in prolactin-induced JAK/STAT5 signaling that controls the expression of key STAT5 target genes involved in mammary epithelial proliferation and differentiation during alveolar development. In the mammary gland, genetic circuits controlled by the hormones, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, act in concert with pathways regulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family to orchestrate growth and morphogenesis during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. We have identified CUZD1 as a novel mediator of prolactin signaling in the steroid hormone-primed mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Cuzd1-null mice exhibited a striking impairment in ductal branching and alveolar development during pregnancy, resulting in a subsequent defect in lactation. Administration of prolactin failed to induce proliferation of the mammary epithelium in Cuzd1-null mice. Protein binding studies revealed that CUZD1 interacts with downstream transducers of prolactin signaling, JAK1/JAK2 and STAT5. Additionally, elevated expression of Cuzd1 in mammary epithelial cells stimulated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT5. CUZD1, therefore, is a critical mediator of prolactin that controls mammary alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Mapes
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Quanxi Li
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Athilakshmi Kannan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Lavanya Anandan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Mary Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Indrani C. Bagchi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ICB); (MKB)
| | - Milan K. Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ICB); (MKB)
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McBryan J, Howlin J. Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Elucidation of In Vivo Morphogenesis Using Murine Models. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1501:77-114. [PMID: 27796948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past 25 years, the combination of increasingly sophisticated gene targeting technology with transplantation techniques has allowed researchers to address a wide array of questions about postnatal mammary gland development. These in turn have significantly contributed to our knowledge of other branched epithelial structures. This review chapter highlights a selection of the mouse models exhibiting a pubertal mammary gland phenotype with a focus on how they have contributed to our overall understanding of in vivo mammary morphogenesis. We discuss mouse models that have enabled us to assign functions to particular genes and proteins and, more importantly, have determined when and where these factors are required for completion of ductal outgrowth and branch patterning. The reason for the success of the mouse mammary gland model is undoubtedly the suitability of the postnatal mammary gland to experimental manipulation. The gland itself is very amenable to investigation and the combination of genetic modification with accessibility to the tissue has allowed an impressive number of studies to inform biology. Excision of the rudimentary epithelial structure postnatally allows genetically modified tissue to be readily transplanted into wild type stroma or vice versa, and has thus defined the contribution of each compartment to particular phenotypes. Similarly, whole gland transplantation has been used to definitively discern local effects from indirect systemic effects of various growth factors and hormones. While appreciative of the power of these tools and techniques, we are also cognizant of some of their limitations, and we discuss some shortcomings and future strategies that can overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Jillian Howlin
- Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center/Medicon Village, Building 404:B2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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A Geometrically-Constrained Mathematical Model of Mammary Gland Ductal Elongation Reveals Novel Cellular Dynamics within the Terminal End Bud. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004839. [PMID: 27115287 PMCID: PMC4845990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematics is often used to model biological systems. In mammary gland development, mathematical modeling has been limited to acinar and branching morphogenesis and breast cancer, without reference to normal duct formation. We present a model of ductal elongation that exploits the geometrically-constrained shape of the terminal end bud (TEB), the growing tip of the duct, and incorporates morphometrics, region-specific proliferation and apoptosis rates. Iterative model refinement and behavior analysis, compared with biological data, indicated that the traditional metric of nipple to the ductal front distance, or percent fat pad filled to evaluate ductal elongation rate can be misleading, as it disregards branching events that can reduce its magnitude. Further, model driven investigations of the fates of specific TEB cell types confirmed migration of cap cells into the body cell layer, but showed their subsequent preferential elimination by apoptosis, thus minimizing their contribution to the luminal lineage and the mature duct. Our paper describes a mathematical model of mammary ductal elongation during pubertal development. We make several conclusions that will be of interest to scientists studying mammary gland biology, epithelial tube formation, and branching morphogenesis. First, our model indicates that a common measurement of developmental outgrowth (‘percent fat pad filled’) underestimates the total growth and leads to mischaracterization of mutant phenotypes. Second, we show that cap cells, a population enriched with putative mammary stem cells, do not contribute to the luminal lineage as previously hypothesized. Further, we find that a high percentage of proliferation in these cells is not used productively to actually form the mammary duct. We believe our model has future application to other branching organs and also for the modeling of disease states in the breast.
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16
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Sathyamurthy A, Yin DM, Barik A, Shen C, Bean JC, Figueiredo D, She JX, Xiong WC, Mei L. ERBB3-mediated regulation of Bergmann glia proliferation in cerebellar lamination. Development 2015; 142:522-32. [PMID: 25564653 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cortical lamination is crucial for the assembly of cerebellar circuitry. In this process, granule neurons (GNs) migrate along Bergmann glia (BG), which are specialized astroglial cells, from the external granule layer to the internal granule layer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BG development are not well understood. Here, we show that GFAP::Cre;Erbb3(F/F) mice, which lack Erbb3 in both radial glia and neurons, exhibit impairments in balance and motor coordination. Cerebellar lamination is aberrant, with misplaced Purkinje neurons and GN clusters. These phenotypes were not observed in Math1::CreER(T2);Erbb3(F/F) mice, where the Erbb3 gene was deleted in GNs, suggesting involvement of non-neuronal Erbb3 in cerebellar lamination. Mechanistic studies indicate that ERBB3 is crucial for the proliferation of BG, which are required for GN migration. These observations identify a crucial role for ERBB3 in cerebellar lamination and reveal a novel mechanism that regulates BG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dwight Figueiredo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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17
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Wali VB, Gilmore-Hebert M, Mamillapalli R, Haskins JW, Kurppa KJ, Elenius K, Booth CJ, Stern DF. Overexpression of ERBB4 JM-a CYT-1 and CYT-2 isoforms in transgenic mice reveals isoform-specific roles in mammary gland development and carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:501. [PMID: 25516216 PMCID: PMC4303208 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (ERBB4/HER4) belongs to the Epidermal Growth Factor receptor/ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. While ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 are often overexpressed or activated in breast cancer, and are oncogenic, the role of ERBB4 in breast cancer is uncertain. Some studies suggest a tumor suppressor role of ERBB4, while other reports suggest an oncogenic potential. Alternative splicing of ERBB4 yields four major protein products, these spliced isoforms differ in the extracellular juxtamembrane domain (JM-a versus JM-b) and cytoplasmic domain (CYT-1 versus CYT-2). Two of these isoforms, JM-a CYT-1 and JM-a CYT-2, are expressed in the mammary gland. Failure to account for isoform-specific functions in previous studies may account for conflicting reports on the role of ERBB4 in breast cancer. Methods We have produced mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) -ERBB4 transgenic mice to evaluate potential developmental and carcinogenic changes associated with full length (FL) JM-a ERBB4 CYT-1 versus ERBB4 CYT-2. Mammary tissue was isolated from transgenic mice and sibling controls at various developmental stages for whole mount analysis, RNA extraction, and immunohistochemistry. To maintain maximal ERBB4 expression, transgenic mice were bred continuously for a year after which mammary glands were isolated and analyzed. Results Overexpressing FL CYT-1 isoform resulted in suppression of mammary ductal morphogenesis which was accompanied by decreased number of mammary terminal end buds (TEBs) and Ki-67 positive cells within TEBs, while FL CYT-2 isoform had no effect on ductal growth in pubescent mice. The suppressive ductal phenotype in CYT-1 mice disappeared after mid-pregnancy, and subsequent developmental stages showed no abnormality in mammary gland morphology or function in CYT-1 or CYT-2 transgenic mice. However, sustained expression of FL CYT-1 isoform resulted in formation of neoplastic mammary lesions, suggesting a potential oncogenic function for this isoform. Conclusions Together, we present isoform-specific roles of ERBB4 during puberty and early pregnancy, and reveal a novel oncogenic property of CYT-1 ERBB4. The results may be exploited to develop better therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0501-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Wali
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, P.O.Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Room#786, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT-06511, USA.
| | - Maureen Gilmore-Hebert
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, P.O.Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, P.O.Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Haskins
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, P.O.Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and genetics and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and genetics and Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208016, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, P.O.Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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18
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Mujoo K, Choi BK, Huang Z, Zhang N, An Z. Regulation of ERBB3/HER3 signaling in cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10222-36. [PMID: 25400118 PMCID: PMC4279368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB3/HER3 is emerging as a molecular target for various cancers. HER3 is overexpressed and activated in a number of cancer types under the conditions of acquired resistance to other HER family therapeutic interventions such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody therapies. Regulation of the HER3 expression and signaling involves numerous HER3 interacting proteins. These proteins include PI3K, Shc, and E3 ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Nrdp1. Furthermore, recent identification of a number of HER3 oncogenic mutations in colon and gastric cancers elucidate the role of HER3 in cancer development. Despite the strong evidence regarding the role of HER3 in cancer, the current understanding of the regulation of HER3 expression and activation requires additional research. Moreover, the lack of biomarkers for HER3-driven cancer poses a big challenge for the clinical development of HER3 targeting antibodies. Therefore, a better understanding of HER3 regulation should improve the strategies to therapeutically target HER3 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mujoo
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Byung-Kwon Choi
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhao Huang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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19
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Salmans ML, Yu Z, Watanabe K, Cam E, Sun P, Smyth P, Dai X, Andersen B. The co-factor of LIM domains (CLIM/LDB/NLI) maintains basal mammary epithelial stem cells and promotes breast tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004520. [PMID: 25079073 PMCID: PMC4117441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland branching morphogenesis and ductal homeostasis relies on mammary stem cell function for the maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the basal cell compartment are currently unknown. We explored these mechanisms in the basal cell compartment and identified the Co-factor of LIM domains (CLIM/LDB/NLI) as a transcriptional regulator that maintains these cells. Clims act within the basal cell compartment to promote branching morphogenesis by maintaining the number and proliferative potential of basal mammary epithelial stem cells. Clim2, in a complex with LMO4, supports mammary stem cells by directly targeting the Fgfr2 promoter in basal cells to increase its expression. Strikingly, Clims also coordinate basal-specific transcriptional programs to preserve luminal cell identity. These basal-derived cues inhibit epidermis-like differentiation of the luminal cell compartment and enhance the expression of luminal cell-specific oncogenes ErbB2 and ErbB3. Consistently, basal-expressed Clims promote the initiation and progression of breast cancer in the MMTV-PyMT tumor model, and the Clim-regulated branching morphogenesis gene network is a prognostic indicator of poor breast cancer outcome in humans. Recent advancements in mammary gland biology demonstrate conflicting models in maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments by either unipotent or bipotent mammary stem cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying control of the basal cell compartment, including stem cells, remain poorly understood. Here we explore the currently unknown transcriptional mechanisms of basal stem cell (BSC) maintenance, in addition to addressing the role of the basal cell compartment in preserving luminal cell fate and promoting development of human breast tumors of luminal origin. We discover a novel function for the Co-factor of LIM domains (Clim) transcriptional regulator in promoting mammary gland branching morphogenesis and breast tumorigenesis through maintenance of the basal stem cell population. The transcriptional networks coordinated by Clims in basal mammary epithelial cells also preserve the identity of luminal epithelial cells, demonstrating a crosstalk between these two cellular compartments. Furthermore, we correlate developmental gene expression data with human breast cancer to investigate the role of developmental pathways during the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The gene regulatory networks identified during development, including those specifically coordinated by Clims, correlate with breast cancer patient outcome, suggesting these genes play an important role in the progression of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kazuhide Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Cam
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Padhraic Smyth
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Printsev I, Yen L, Sweeney C, Carraway KL. Oligomerization of the Nrdp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase is necessary for efficient autoubiquitination but not ErbB3 ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8570-8. [PMID: 24519943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase protein in breast and other cancers contributes to tumor malignancy and therapeutic resistance. The RBCC/TRIM family RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 mediates the ubiquitination of ErbB3 in normal mammary epithelial cells to facilitate receptor degradation and suppress steady-state receptor levels. Post-transcriptional loss of Nrdp1 in patient breast tumors allows ErbB3 overexpression and receptor contribution to tumor progression, and elevated lability through autoubiquitination contributes to the observed loss of Nrdp1 in tumors relative to normal tissue. To begin to understand the mechanisms underlying Nrdp1 protein self-regulation through lability, we investigated the structural determinants required for efficient autoubiquitination and ErbB3 ubiquitination. Using mutagenesis, chemical cross-linking, size exclusion chromatography, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we demonstrate that Nrdp1 self-associates into a stable oligomeric complex in cells. Deletion of its coiled-coil domain abrogates oligomerization but does not affect Nrdp1-mediated ErbB3 ubiquitination or degradation. On the other hand, the presence of the coiled-coil domain is necessary for efficient Nrdp1 autoubiquitination via a trans mechanism, indicating that Nrdp1 ubiquitination of its various targets is functionally separable. Finally, a GFP fusion of the coiled-coil domain stabilizes Nrdp1 and potentiates ErbB3 ubiquitination and degradation. These observations point to a model whereby the coiled-coil domain plays a key role in regulating Nrdp1 lability by promoting its assembly into an oligomeric complex, and raise the possibility that inhibition of ligase oligomerization via its coiled-coil domain could be of therapeutic benefit to breast cancer patients by restoring Nrdp1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Printsev
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
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21
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Morrison MM, Hutchinson K, Williams MM, Stanford JC, Balko JM, Young C, Kuba MG, Sánchez V, Williams AJ, Hicks DJ, Arteaga CL, Prat A, Perou CM, Earp HS, Massarweh S, Cook RS. ErbB3 downregulation enhances luminal breast tumor response to antiestrogens. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4329-43. [PMID: 23999432 DOI: 10.1172/jci66764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands is common in human cancers. ErbB3 is required in luminal mammary epithelial cells (MECs) for growth and survival. Since breast cancer phenotypes may reflect biological traits of the MECs from which they originate, we tested the hypothesis that ErbB3 drives luminal breast cancer growth. We found higher ERBB3 expression and more frequent ERBB3 gene copy gains in luminal A/B breast cancers compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In cell culture, ErbB3 increased growth of luminal breast cancer cells. Targeted depletion of ErbB3 with an anti-ErbB3 antibody decreased 3D colony growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of clinical breast tumors with the antiendocrine drug fulvestrant resulted in increased ErbB3 expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Depletion of ErbB3 in fulvestrant-treated tumor cells reduced PI3K/mTOR signaling, thus decreasing tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Fulvestrant treatment increased phosphorylation of all ErbB family RTKs; however, phospho-RTK upregulation was not seen in tumors treated with both fulvestrant and anti-ErbB3. These data indicate that upregulation of ErbB3 in luminal breast cancer cells promotes growth, survival, and resistance to fulvestrant, thus suggesting ErbB3 as a target for breast cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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22
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Boutinaud M, Galio L, Lollivier V, Finot L, Wiart S, Esquerré D, Devinoy E. Unilateral once daily milking locally induces differential gene expression in both mammary tissue and milk epithelial cells revealing mammary remodeling. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:973-85. [PMID: 23983197 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00059.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Once daily milking reduces milk yield, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Local regulation due to milk stasis in the tissue may contribute to this effect, but such mechanisms have not yet been fully described. To challenge this hypothesis, one udder half of six Holstein dairy cows was milked once a day (ODM), and the other twice a day (TDM). On the 8th day of unilateral ODM, mammary epithelial cells (MEC) were purified from the milk using immunomagnetic separation. Mammary biopsies were harvested from both udder halves. The differences in transcript profiles between biopsies from ODM and TDM udder halves were analyzed by a 22k bovine oligonucleotide array, revealing 490 transcripts that were differentially expressed. The principal category of upregulated transcripts concerned mechanisms involved in cell proliferation and death. We further confirmed remodeling of the mammary tissue by immunohistochemistry, which showed less cell proliferation and more apoptosis in ODM udder halves. Gene expression analyzed by RT-qPCR in MEC purified from milk and mammary biopsies showed a common downregulation of six transcripts (ABCG2, FABP3, NUCB2, RNASE1 and 5, and SLC34A2) but also some discrepancies. First, none of the upregulated transcripts in biopsies varied in milk-purified MEC. Second, only milk-purified MEC showed significant LALBA downregulation, which suggests therefore that they correspond to a mammary epithelial cell subpopulation. Our results, obtained after unilateral milking, suggest that cell remodeling during ODM is due to a local effect, which may be triggered by milk accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Boutinaud
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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23
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Shehata M, Teschendorff A, Sharp G, Novcic N, Russell IA, Avril S, Prater M, Eirew P, Caldas C, Watson CJ, Stingl J. Phenotypic and functional characterisation of the luminal cell hierarchy of the mammary gland. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R134. [PMID: 23088371 PMCID: PMC4053112 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The organisation of the mammary epithelial hierarchy is poorly understood. Our hypothesis is that the luminal cell compartment is more complex than initially described, and that an understanding of the developmental relationships within this lineage will help in understanding the cellular context in which breast tumours occur. Methods We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting along with in vitro and in vivo functional assays to examine the growth and differentiation properties of distinct subsets of human and mouse mammary epithelial cells. We also examined how loss of steroid hormones influenced these populations in vivo. Gene expression profiles were also obtained for all the purified cell populations and correlated to those obtained from breast tumours. Results The luminal cell compartment of the mouse mammary gland can be resolved into nonclonogenic oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) luminal cells, ER+ luminal progenitors and oestrogen receptor-negative (ER-) luminal progenitors. The ER+ luminal progenitors are unique in regard to cell survival, as they are relatively insensitive to loss of oestrogen and progesterone when compared with the other types of mammary epithelial cells. Analysis of normal human breast tissue reveals a similar hierarchical organisation composed of nonclonogenic luminal cells, and relatively differentiated (EpCAM+CD49f+ALDH-) and undifferentiated (EpCAM+CD49f+ALDH+) luminal progenitors. In addition, approximately one-quarter of human breast samples examined contained an additional population that had a distinct luminal progenitor phenotype, characterised by low expression of ERBB3 and low proliferative potential. Parent-progeny relationship experiments demonstrated that all luminal progenitor populations in both species are highly plastic and, at low frequencies, can generate progeny representing all mammary cell types. The ER- luminal progenitors in the mouse and the ALDH+ luminal progenitors in the human appear to be analogous populations since they both have gene signatures that are associated with alveolar differentiation and resemble those obtained from basal-like breast tumours. Conclusion The luminal cell compartment in the mammary epithelium is more heterogeneous than initially perceived since progenitors of varying levels of luminal cell differentiation and proliferative capacities can be identified. An understanding of these cells will be essential for understanding the origins and the cellular context of human breast tumours.
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24
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Spike BT, Engle DD, Lin JC, Cheung SK, La J, Wahl GM. A mammary stem cell population identified and characterized in late embryogenesis reveals similarities to human breast cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:183-97. [PMID: 22305568 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression signatures relating mammary stem cell populations to breast cancers have focused on adult tissue. Here, we identify, isolate, and characterize the fetal mammary stem cell (fMaSC) state since the invasive and proliferative processes of mammogenesis resemble phases of cancer progression. fMaSC frequency peaks late in embryogenesis, enabling more extensive stem cell purification than achieved with adult tissue. fMaSCs are self-renewing, multipotent, and coexpress multiple mammary lineage markers. Gene expression, transplantation, and in vitro analyses reveal putative autocrine and paracrine regulatory mechanisms, including ErbB and FGF signaling pathways impinging on fMaSC growth. Expression profiles from fMaSCs and associated stroma exhibit significant similarities to basal-like and Her2+ intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Our results reveal links between development and cancer and provide resources to identify new candidates for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Spike
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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25
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Lahlou H, Müller T, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Birchmeier C, Muller WJ. Uncoupling of PI3K from ErbB3 impairs mammary gland development but does not impact on ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3080-90. [PMID: 22665265 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers plays a critical role in ErbB2-mediated signaling in both normal mammary development and mammary tumor progression. Through 7 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphotyrosine-binding sites, ErbB3 is able to recruit PI3K and initiate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. To directly explore the importance of the ErbB3/PI3K pathway in mammary development and tumorigenesis, we generated a mouse model that carries a mutant ErbB3 allele lacking the seven known PI3K-binding sites (ErbB3(Δ85)). Mice homozygous for the ErbB3(Δ85) allele exhibited an initial early growth defect and a dramatic impairment of mammary epithelial outgrowth. Although homozygous adult mice eventually recovered from the growth defect, their mammary glands continued to manifest the mammary outgrowth and lactation defects throughout their adult life. Interestingly, despite the presence of a profound mammary gland defect, all of the female ErbB3Δ85 mice developed metastatic ErbB2-induced mammary tumors secondary to mammary epithelial expression of an activated ErbB2 oncogene capable of compensatory PI3K signaling from both EGF receptor and ErbB2. Our findings therefore indicate that, although ErbB3-associated PI3K activity is critical for mammary development, it is dispensable for ErbB2-induced mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Lahlou
- Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB3 maintains the balance between luminal and basal breast epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:221-6. [PMID: 22178756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115802109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB3 harbors weak kinase activity, but strongly activates downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling through heterodimerization with and activation by other ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. We report here that ErbB3 loss in the luminal mammary epithelium of mice impaired Akt and MAPK signaling and reduced luminal cell proliferation and survival. ERBB3 mRNA expression levels were highest in luminal mammary populations and lowest in basal cell/stem cell populations. ErbB3 loss in mammary epithelial cells shifted gene expression patterns toward a mammary basal cell/stem cell signature. ErbB3 depletion-induced gene expression changes were rescued upon activation of Akt and MAPK signaling. Interestingly, proliferation and expansion of the mammary basal epithelium (BE) occurred upon ErbB3 targeting in the luminal epithelium, but not upon its targeting in the BE. Multiple cytokines, including interleukin 6, were induced upon ErbB3 depletion in luminal epithelium cells, which increased growth of BE cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ErbB3 regulates the balance of differentiated breast epithelial cell types by regulating their growth and survival through autocrine- and paracrine-signaling mechanisms.
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27
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Mahar I, Tan S, Davoli MA, Dominguez-Lopez S, Qiang C, Rachalski A, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Subchronic peripheral neuregulin-1 increases ventral hippocampal neurogenesis and induces antidepressant-like effects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26610. [PMID: 22028923 PMCID: PMC3197569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in the mechanism of antidepressant action, and neurotrophic factors can mediate the neurogenic changes underlying these effects. The neurotrophic factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is involved in many aspects of brain development, from cell fate determination to neuronal maturation. However, nothing is known about the influence of NRG1 on neurodevelopmental processes occurring in the mature hippocampus. Methods Adult male mice were given subcutaneous NRG1 or saline to assess dentate gyrus proliferation and neurogenesis, as well as cell fate determination. Mice also underwent behavioral testing. Expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 NRG1 receptors in newborn dentate gyrus cells was assessed at various time points between birth and maturity. The phenotype of ErbB-expressing progenitor cells was also characterized with cell type-specific markers. Results The current study shows that subchronic peripheral NRG1β administration selectively increased cell proliferation (by 71%) and neurogenesis (by 50%) in the caudal dentate gyrus within the ventral hippocampus. This pro-proliferative effect did not alter neuronal fate, and may have been mediated by ErbB3 receptors, which were expressed by newborn dentate gyrus cells from cell division to maturity and colocalized with SOX2 in the subgranular zone. Furthermore, four weeks after cessation of subchronic treatment, animals displayed robust antidepressant-like behavior in the absence of changes in locomotor activity, whereas acute treatment did not produce antidepressant effects. Conclusions These results show that neuregulin-1β has pro-proliferative, neurogenic and antidepressant properties, further highlight the importance of peripheral neurotrophic factors in neurogenesis and mood, and support the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in mediating antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Mahar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tan
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Calvin Qiang
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Adeline Rachalski
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
The pubertal mammary gland is an ideal model for experimental morphogenesis. The primary glandular branching morphogenesis occurs at this time, integrating epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Between birth and puberty, the mammary gland exists in a relatively quiescent state. At the onset of puberty, rapid expansion of a pre-existing rudimentary mammary epithelium generates an extensive ductal network by a process of branch initiation, elongation, and invasion of the mammary mesenchyme. It is this branching morphogenesis that characterizes pubertal mammary gland growth. Tissue-specific molecular networks interpret signals from local cytokines/growth factors in both the epithelial and stromal microenvironments. This is largely orchestrated by secreted ovarian and pituitary hormones. Here, we review the major molecular regulators of pubertal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McNally
- UCD School of Bimolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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29
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Kim JH, Im KS, Kim NH, Yhee JY, Nho WG, Sur JH. Expression of HER-2 and nuclear localization of HER-3 protein in canine mammary tumors: histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Vet J 2010; 189:318-22. [PMID: 20947393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HER-2 and HER-3 are transmembrane receptor proteins that are considered to be important but poorly understood biomarkers in canine tumors. In this study, the expression and the localization of HER-2 and HER-3 were evaluated immunohistochemically in canine mammary tumors (n=64; 12 benign, 52 malignant). HER-2 overexpression was identified in 2/12 (16.7%) benign and in 18/51 (35.3%) malignant cases. HER-3 was expressed in a non-nuclear localization in 11/12 (91.7%) benign and 18/52 (34.6%) malignant tumors. In contrast, HER-3 was expressed in the nucleus of neoplastic cells in 0/12 (0%) benign and 22/52 (42.3%) malignant tumors. Nuclear HER-3 expression was higher in neoplastic epithelial cells compared to myoepithelial cells, and positively correlated with high histological grade and lymphatic vessel invasion. These results suggest that nuclear HER-3 expression is significantly associated with tumor progression and metastasis and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker in canine malignant mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Carraway KL. E3 ubiquitin ligases in ErbB receptor quantity control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:936-43. [PMID: 20868762 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling through ErbB family growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases is necessary for the development and homeostasis of a wide variety of tissue types. However, the intensity of receptor-mediated cellular signaling must fall within a precise range; insufficient signaling can lead to developmental abnormalities or tissue atrophy, while over-signaling can lead to hyperplastic and ultimately neoplastic events. While a plethora of mechanisms have been described that regulate downstream signaling events, it appears that cells also utilize various mechanisms to regulate their ErbB receptor levels. Such mechanisms are collectively termed "ErbB receptor quantity control." Notably, studies over the past few years have highlighted roles for post-transcriptional processes, particularly protein degradation, in ErbB quantity control. Here the involvement of ErbB-directed E3 ubiquitin ligases is discussed, including Nrdp1-mediated ErbB3 degradation, ErbB4 degradation mediated by Nedd4 family E3 ligases, and CHIP-mediated ErbB2 degradation. The hypothesis is forwarded that protein degradation-based ErbB quantity control mechanisms play central roles in suppressing receptor overexpression in normal cells, and that the loss of such mechanisms could facilitate the onset or progression of ErbB-dependent tumors.
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31
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Genetically dependent ERBB3 expression modulates antigen presenting cell function and type 1 diabetes risk. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11789. [PMID: 20668683 PMCID: PMC2909911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from the complex interaction between multiple susceptibility genes, environmental factors and the immune system. Over 40 T1D susceptibility regions have been suggested by recent genome-wide association studies; however, the specific genes and their role in the disease remain elusive. The objective of this study is to identify the susceptibility gene(s) in the 12q13 region and investigate the functional link to the disease pathogenesis. A total of 19 SNPs in the 12q13 region were analyzed by the TaqMan assay for 1,434 T1D patients and 1,865 controls. Thirteen of the SNPs are associated with T1D (best p = 4x10(-11)), thus providing confirmatory evidence for at least one susceptibility gene in this region. To identify candidate genes, expression of six genes in the region was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for PBMCs from 192 T1D patients and 192 controls. SNP genotypes in the 12q13 region are the main factors that determine ERBB3 mRNA levels in PBMCs. The protective genotypes for T1D are associated with higher ERBB3 mRNA level (p<10(-10)). Furthermore, ERBB3 protein is expressed on the surface of CD11c(+) cells (dendritic cells and monocytes) in peripheral blood after stimulation with LPS, polyI:C or CpG. Subjects with protective genotypes have significantly higher percentages of ERBB3(+) monocytes and dendritic cells (p = 1.1x10(-9)); and the percentages of ERBB3(+) cells positively correlate with the ability of APC to stimulate T cell proliferation (R(2) = 0.90, p<0.0001). Our results indicate that ERBB3 plays a critical role in determining APC function and potentially T1D pathogenesis.
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32
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Ingalla EQ, Miller JK, Wald JH, Workman HC, Kaur RP, Yen L, Fry WHD, Borowsky AD, Young LJT, Sweeney C, Carraway KL. Post-transcriptional mechanisms contribute to the suppression of the ErbB3 negative regulator protein Nrdp1 in mammary tumors. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28691-7. [PMID: 20628057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinases act synergistically to promote cellular properties associated with tumor development. Previous studies indicate that endogenous ErbB3 protein is markedly elevated in mouse mammary tumors induced by transgenic ErbB2 overexpression. However, this occurs in the absence of elevated ErbB3 transcript, indicating that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play crucial roles in suppressing ErbB3 protein in normal tissue. Our previous studies also demonstrate that protein levels of Nrdp1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets ErbB3 for degradation, are markedly suppressed in tumors from ErbB2 transgenic animals relative to normal tissue. Here we demonstrate that transgenic expression of Nrdp1 cDNA in the mouse mammary gland is not sufficient to suppress elevated ErbB3 levels or tumor initiation and growth in ErbB2 transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, Nrdp1 protein is absent in tumors from Nrdp1/ErbB2 bigenic mice, and real time PCR analysis indicates that Nrdp1 protein levels are suppressed post-transcriptionally. Nrdp1 protein is more resistant to proteasome-dependent degradation when exogenously expressed in cultured MCF10A nontransformed human breast epithelial cells than in breast tumor cells. These observations indicate that mammary tumors use potent post-transcriptional mechanisms to suppress Nrdp1 protein levels and that protein destabilization may play a central role in Nrdp1 loss in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Q Ingalla
- University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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33
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Hynes NE, Watson CJ. Mammary gland growth factors: roles in normal development and in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a003186. [PMID: 20554705 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Normal development of the mammary gland proceeds via interactions between the epithelium and the mesenchyme that start during embryogenesis and continue during pubertal outgrowth and differentiation. The function of specific peptide growth factors that bind members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and the cytokine receptor family are required at each stage. In many cases the peptides are produced in one compartment and act on receptors in the other compartment. One of the striking differences between normal development and cancer is the loss of this cross-talk. Mammary tumor cells often produce a peptide and express the receptor on the same cell leading to autocrine activation of signaling pathways, a mechanism that is characteristic for cancer cells. We will discuss different peptides in the context of normal development and cancer in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerestrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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34
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Bernardo GM, Lozada KL, Miedler JD, Harburg G, Hewitt SC, Mosley JD, Godwin AK, Korach KS, Visvader JE, Kaestner KH, Abdul-Karim FW, Montano MM, Keri RA. FOXA1 is an essential determinant of ERalpha expression and mammary ductal morphogenesis. Development 2010; 137:2045-54. [PMID: 20501593 PMCID: PMC2875844 DOI: 10.1242/dev.043299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
FOXA1, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and GATA3 independently predict favorable outcome in breast cancer patients, and their expression correlates with a differentiated, luminal tumor subtype. As transcription factors, each functions in the morphogenesis of various organs, with ERalpha and GATA3 being established regulators of mammary gland development. Interdependency between these three factors in breast cancer and normal mammary development has been suggested, but the specific role for FOXA1 is not known. Herein, we report that Foxa1 deficiency causes a defect in hormone-induced mammary ductal invasion associated with a loss of terminal end bud formation and ERalpha expression. By contrast, Foxa1 null glands maintain GATA3 expression. Unlike ERalpha and GATA3 deficiency, Foxa1 null glands form milk-producing alveoli, indicating that the defect is restricted to expansion of the ductal epithelium, further emphasizing the novel role for FOXA1 in mammary morphogenesis. Using breast cancer cell lines, we also demonstrate that FOXA1 regulates ERalpha expression, but not GATA3. These data reveal that FOXA1 is necessary for hormonal responsiveness in the developing mammary gland and ERalpha-positive breast cancers, at least in part, through its control of ERalpha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Bernardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kristen L. Lozada
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John D. Miedler
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gwyndolen Harburg
- VBCRC Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Sylvia C. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Korach
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jane E. Visvader
- VBCRC Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fadi W. Abdul-Karim
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Monica M. Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A. Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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35
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Wu X, Rahal O, Kang J, Till SR, Prior RL, Simmen RCM. In utero and lactational exposure to blueberry via maternal diet promotes mammary epithelial differentiation in prepubescent female rats. Nutr Res 2010; 29:802-11. [PMID: 19932869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Early developmental events influence the fine tuning of later susceptibility to adult diseases. Diet is a determinant of breast cancer risk, and our previous studies showed that diet-mediated changes in transcriptional programs promote early mammary gland differentiation. Although consumption of fruits is considered to elicit multiple health benefits, little is known on whether associated bioactive components modify the early differentiation program in developing mammary glands. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that early exposure (in utero and lactational) to blueberry through maternal diet enhances mammary epithelial differentiation in female offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at gestation day 4 were fed American Institute of Nutrition-based diets containing casein and whole blueberry powders added to casein at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10% weight/weight. Female pups at weaning were evaluated for growth and mammary tissue parameters. Blueberry at 5% dose increased body and adipose fat weights, relative to the other diets. Mammary branch density and terminal end bud size were highest for the 5% blueberry group, whereas terminal end bud numbers were not affected by all diets. Mammary ductal epithelial cells of the 5% blueberry group had lower nuclear phosphorylated histone 3 and higher nuclear tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) levels than the casein group. Although sera of both diet groups had similar antioxidant capacity, 5% blueberry sera elicited higher nuclear PTEN accumulation in human MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. Our studies identify developing mammary glands as early targets of blueberry-associated bioactive components, possibly through systemic effects on epithelial PTEN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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36
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Di Cesare S, Nantel A, Marshall JC, Fernandes BF, Antecka E, Orellana ME, Abourbih D, Saornil AM, Burnier MN. Expression profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded primary human uveal melanomas using DASL matrices. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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