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Velut G, de Laval F, Berry M, Dufour Gaume F, André N, Epelboin L, Lavergne A, Enfissi A, Djossou F, Rousset D, Briolant S. Etiology of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Adults in the Defense Community in French Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:819-825. [PMID: 38377600 PMCID: PMC10993844 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In tropical countries, acute febrile illnesses represent a complex clinical problem for general practitioners. We describe the prevalence of different etiologies of acute febrile illnesses occurring among French service members and their families, excluding children, in general practice in French Guiana. From June 2017 to March 2020, patients with a fever ≥37.8°C with a duration of less than 15 days who sought medical care at the army medical centers in Cayenne and Kourou were prospectively enrolled. Based on clinical presentation, blood, urine, nasopharyngeal, and stool samples were collected for diagnostic testing for viruses, bacteria, and parasites (by direct examination, microscopic examination of blood smears, culture, serology, or polymerase chain reaction), and standardized biological tests were systematically performed. Among 175 patients retained for analysis, fever with nonspecific symptoms was predominant (46.9%), with 10 Plasmodium vivax malaria cases, 8 dengue infections, and 6 cases of Q fever. The second most frequent cause of acute febrile illness was upper respiratory tract infections (32.0%) due to influenza virus (n = 18) or human rhinovirus (n = 10). Among the causes of acute febrile illness in French Guiana, clinicians should first consider arboviruses and malaria, as well as Q fever in cases of elevated C-reactive protein with nonspecific symptoms and influenza in cases of signs and symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Despite an expanded microbiological search, the etiology of 51.4% of acute febrile illnesses remain unknown. Further investigations will be necessary to identify the etiology of acute febrile illnesses, including new pathogens, in French Guiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Velut
- Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Franck de Laval
- Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Berry
- Centre Médical Interarmées de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Nathalie André
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé des Forces Armées en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, et Centre d’investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Enfissi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Felix Djossou
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, et Centre d’investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs – Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire – Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité de Parasitologie Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
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Vanhove M, Schwabl P, Clementson C, Early AM, Laws M, Anthony F, Florimond C, Mathieu L, James K, Knox C, Singh N, Buckee CO, Musset L, Cox H, Niles-Robin R, Neafsey DE. Temporal and spatial dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum clonal lineages in Guyana. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578156. [PMID: 38352461 PMCID: PMC10862847 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites, the causal agents of malaria, are eukaryotic organisms that obligately undergo sexual recombination within mosquitoes. However, in low transmission settings where most mosquitoes become infected with only a single parasite clone, parasites recombine with themselves, and the clonal lineage is propagated rather than broken up by outcrossing. We investigated whether stochastic/neutral factors drive the persistence and abundance of Plasmodium falciparum clonal lineages in Guyana, a country with relatively low malaria transmission, but the only setting in the Americas in which an important artemisinin resistance mutation (pfk13 C580Y) has been observed. To investigate whether this clonality was potentially associated with the persistence and spatial spread of the mutation, we performed whole genome sequencing on 1,727 Plasmodium falciparum samples collected from infected patients across a five-year period (2016-2021). We characterized the relatedness between each pair of monoclonal infections (n=1,409) through estimation of identity by descent (IBD) and also typed each sample for known or candidate drug resistance mutations. A total of 160 clones (mean IBD ≥ 0.90) were circulating in Guyana during the study period, comprising 13 highly related clusters (mean IBD ≥ 0.40). In the five-year study period, we observed a decrease in frequency of a mutation associated with artemisinin partner drug (piperaquine) resistance (pfcrt C350R) and limited co-occurence of pfcrt C350R with duplications of plasmepsin 2/3, an epistatic interaction associated with piperaquine resistance. We additionally report polymorphisms exhibiting evidence of selection for drug resistance or other phenotypes and reported a novel pfk13 mutation (G718S) as well as 61 nonsynonymous substitutions that increased markedly in frequency. However, P. falciparum clonal dynamics in Guyana appear to be largely driven by stochastic factors, in contrast to other geographic regions. The use of multiple artemisinin combination therapies in Guyana may have contributed to the disappearance of the pfk13 C580Y mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vanhove
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Schwabl
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Angela M Early
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Laws
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank Anthony
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Célia Florimond
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Center Nationale de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Luana Mathieu
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Center Nationale de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Kashana James
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Cheyenne Knox
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Narine Singh
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Caroline O Buckee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Center Nationale de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Horace Cox
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
- Caribbean Public Health Agency, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Reza Niles-Robin
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nacher M, Epelboin L, Bonifay T, Djossou F, Blaizot R, Couppié P, Adenis A, Lucarelli A, Lambert Y, Schaub R, Douine M. Migration in French Guiana: Implications in health and infectious diseases. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 57:102677. [PMID: 38049022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In French Guiana, more than a third of the population, and nearly half of the adults, are of foreign origin. This immigration is explained by the French standard of living, which is attractive to nationals of surrounding countries. Infectious diseases remain in the top 10 causes of premature death, often in the most precarious populations. In this context we aimed to synthesize the state of the knowledge regarding immigration and infectious diseases in French Guiana and the general implications that follow this diagnosis. For HIV, although the majority of patients are of foreign origin, estimates of the presumed date of infection based on CD4 erosion modelling and from molecular analyses suggest that the majority of transmissions in foreign-born individuals occur in French Guiana and that the Guiana shield has been a crossroad between Latin America and the Caribbean. Among key populations bridging these regions illegal gold miners are very mobile and have the greatest proportion B Caribbean HIV viruses. Gold miners have been a key vulnerable population for falciparum malaria and other tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis, leprosy, or leptospirosis. The complex history of migrations in French Guiana and on the Guiana Shield is also reflected in the fingerprinting of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the high incidence of tuberculosis in French Guiana, notably in immigrants, reflects the incidences in the countries of origin of patients. The high burden of infectious diseases in immigrants in French Guiana is first and foremost a reflection of the precarious living conditions within French Guiana and suggests that community-based proactive interventions are crucial to reduce transmission, morbidity, and mortality from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nacher
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Timothée Bonifay
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Félix Djossou
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Adenis
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Aude Lucarelli
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana; Coordination Regionale de lutte contre le VIH, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yann Lambert
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Roxane Schaub
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Maylis Douine
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health & Tropical Medicine, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Bamikole OJ, Olajide TH, Adedeji BA, Ademola SA, Fayehun AF, Bukoye NO, Olufeagba MDB, Amodu OK. Drug Use Practices and Self-Treatment for Suspected Malaria in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:1122-1126. [PMID: 37068754 PMCID: PMC10540092 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drug failures have been reported anecdotally in Nigeria, and malarial self-treatment practices could be a contributing factor. This study was designed to assess the pattern of drug use practices and self-treatment options among caregivers in Ibadan, Nigeria. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study among 283 study participant pairs (children under 5 years of age with suspected malaria and their caregivers). Structured questionnaires were used as research instruments. The results indicated that most caregivers were mothers (88.8%), 69% of caregivers self-prescribed and self-managed malaria for children under 5 years old without immediate hospital visits, and 76.4% of the caregivers believed most recommended and available antimalarial drugs were ineffective. Generally, 44.2% of respondents preferred and used antibiotics as a treatment strategy for malaria, 13.2% used agbo (a locally made liquid extract of plants and roots), 12.5% used prayers, and 19.6% used antimalarial drugs. Overall, only 57.1% of respondents stated that they always complete the standard antimalarial dosage regimen. The choice of malaria self-treatment options was significantly linked to the level of education. The findings identified antibiotics, agbo, and prayers as the immediate choices for self-treating malaria disease in Ibadan. Furthermore, incomplete adherence to antimalarial drugs is a general practice in Ibadan. Malaria self-treatment policy and continuous education on antimalarial drug use tailored to the different literacy and education levels of the general public is hereby recommended to reduce the risk of development of parasite resistance to effective anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwayemi J. Bamikole
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo H. Olajide
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babajide A. Adedeji
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Subulade A. Ademola
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde F. Fayehun
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Noah O. Bukoye
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Miles-Dei B. Olufeagba
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi K. Amodu
- Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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5
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Identification of Neotropical Culex Mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS Profiling. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030168. [PMID: 36977169 PMCID: PMC10055718 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of French Guiana encompasses 242 species, of which nearly half of them belong to the genus Culex. Whereas several species of Culex are important vectors of arboviruses, only a limited number of studies focus on them due to the difficulties to morphologically identify field-caught females. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of mosquitoes. Culex females collected in French Guiana were morphologically identified and dissected. Abdomens were used for molecular identification using the COI (cytochrome oxidase 1) gene. Legs and thorax of 169 specimens belonging to 13 Culex species, (i.e., Cx. declarator, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. usquatus, Cx. adamesi, Cx. dunni, Cx. eastor, Cx. idottus, Cx. pedroi, Cx. phlogistus, Cx. portesi, Cx. rabanicolus and Cx. spissipes) were then submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A high intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of MS spectra for each mosquito body part tested were obtained. A corroboration of the specimen identification was revealed between MALDI-TOF MS, morphological and molecular results. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling proves to be a suitable tool for identification of neotropical Culex species and will permit the enhancement of knowledge on this highly diverse genus.
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Velut G, de Laval F, Delon F, d'Oléon A, Douine M, Mosnier E, Mmadi Mrenda B, Dia A, Musset L, Briolant S, Pommier de Santi V. Sharp decrease in malaria incidence among the French armed forces in French Guiana. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 52:102547. [PMID: 36740087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Velut
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France.
| | - Franck de Laval
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM (Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics), Marseille, France
| | - François Delon
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM (Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics), Marseille, France; Joint Directorate of the Armed Forces Health Service for French Guiana DIASS, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Albane d'Oléon
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Maylis Douine
- French West Indies-French Guiana Center for Clinical Investigation, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Cayenne Hospital, Avenue des Flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM (Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics), Marseille, France
| | - Bakridine Mmadi Mrenda
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Aissata Dia
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Reference Center for Malaria, Institut Pasteur in French Guiana, Collaborating Center for the Surveillance of Resistance to Antimalarial Drugs, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France; University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France; University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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Vezenegho S, Carinci R, Issaly J, Nguyen C, Gaborit P, Ferraro L, Lacour G, Mosnier E, Pommier de Santi V, Epelboin Y, Girod R, Briolant S, Dusfour I. Variation in Pyrethroid Resistance Phenotypes in Anopheles darlingi in an Area with Residual Malaria Transmission: Warning of Suspected Resistance in French Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:424-427. [PMID: 36535248 PMCID: PMC9896345 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles darlingi is the main vector of malaria in South America. In French Guiana, malaria transmission occurs inland and along the rivers with a regular reemergence in the lower Oyapock area. Control against malaria vectors includes indoor residual spraying of deltamethrin and the distribution of long-lasting impregnated bednets. In this context, the level of resistance to pyrethroids was monitored for 4 years using CDC bottle tests in An. darlingi populations. A loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids was recorded with 30-minute knock-down measured as low as 81%. However, no pyrethroid molecular resistance was found by sequencing a 170 base pair fragment of the S6 segment of domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Fluctuation of resistance phenotypes may be influenced by the reintroduction of susceptible alleles from sylvatic populations or by other mechanisms of metabolic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vezenegho
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Romuald Carinci
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Jean Issaly
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Laetitia Ferraro
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Guillaume Lacour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des Flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Yanouk Epelboin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Sebastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Assessment of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Assay (Vitassay qPCR Malaria 5 Test) to Detect Human Malaria Infection in Travelers Returning to France. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112747. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most common human parasitic disease in the world with the highest morbidity and mortality. Due to the severity of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and the urgency of therapeutic management, quick and reliable diagnosis is required for early detection. Blood smear microscopy remains the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis techniques are the most sensitive and specific in cases of low parasitaemia and in the detection of mixed infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new commercial test involving the molecular diagnostic technique to detect the five human Plasmodium species. The Vitassay qPCR Malaria 5 test is based on the multiplex real-time PCR of a conserved target region of the 18S rRNA gene for the five human Plasmodium species. A total of 190 samples collected from imported cases of malaria were diagnosed using this test and compared against a homemade reference real-time PCR. The sensitivities of the Vitassay qPCR Malaria 5 test for all Plasmodium species ranged from 93.8% to 100% and specificity ranged from 97.7% to 100%. Based on these criteria, this test is recommended for the diagnosis of the human Plasmodium species.
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Comparative Assessment of the Sensitivity of Ten Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for the Detection of Plasmodium. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092240. [PMID: 36140641 PMCID: PMC9498274 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most common tropical diseases encountered by members of the French military who are deployed in operations under constrained conditions in malaria-endemic areas. Blood smear microscopy—the gold standard for malaria diagnosis—is often not available in such settings, where the detection of malaria relies on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Ten RDTs (from Biosynex, Carestart, Humasis, SD Bioline, and CTK Biotech), based on the detection of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) or lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH, PfLDH, or PvLDH), were assessed against 159 samples collected from imported malaria cases, including 79 P. falciparum, 37 P. vivax, 22 P. ovale, and 21 P. malariae parasites. Samples had been previously characterised using microscopy and real-time PCR. The overall sensitivities for the Plasmodium test ranged from 69.8% (111/159) to 95% (151/159). There was no significant difference for the specific detection of P. falciparum (96.2% to 98.7%, p = 0.845). No significant difference was found between sensitivities to P. vivax by pan LDH or pvLDH (81.1% (30/37) to 94.6% (35/37) (p = 0.845)). Some of the RDTs missed most of P. ovale and P. malariae, with sensitivities for all RDTs ranging respectively from 4.5% (1/22) to 81.8% (18/22) and 14.3% (3/21) to 95.2% (20/21). Carestart Malaria Pf/Pan (pLDH) Ag G0121, a pLDH-based RDT (PfLDH and pLDH), showed the highest sensitivities to P. falciparum (98.7%, 78/79), P. vivax (94.6%, 35/37), P. ovale (81.8%, 18/22), and P. malariae (95.2%, 20/21) and meets the requirements for military deployments in malaria-endemic areas.
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Parent AA, Galindo MS, Lambert Y, Douine M. Combatting malaria disease among gold miners: a qualitative research within the Malakit project. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6674364. [PMID: 36000529 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is endemic in French Guiana, in particular, where illegal gold mining activities take place. Gold miners travel from Brazil to remote camps in the Guiana forest to carry out mining activities, exposing themselves to the presumed contamination area. This article presents the results of a qualitative case study of the Malakit project, an intervention where health facilitators offer appropriate training and distribution of self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits to manage an episode of malaria at resting sites on the French Guiana borders. The objectives were: (i) Determine the contextual elements influencing the use of Malakit; (ii) Understand the way gold miners perceive Malakit; (iii) Identify the elements that are favorable and unfavorable to the use of Malakit; (iv4) Identify what can be improved in the project. The data were collected using three methods: on-site observation, semi-structured individual interviews (n = 26), and group interviews (n = 2). The results indicate that Malakit responds to the need for treatment and facilitates access to care. Gold miners say they trust the facilitators and receive accurate explanations, the kit is easy to use and carry, and explanations given are sufficient. Nonetheless, the results lead us to believe that contextual elements influence exposure to numerous risk factors and that malaria among gold miners working illegally in French Guiana is a question of social inequalities in health. Thus, malaria intervention practices such as Malakit cannot be carried out without considering the complexity generated by social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Anne Parent
- CReSP and Interactions Research Centre, School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Yann Lambert
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Bourke BP, Justi SA, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Pecor DB, Wilkerson RC, Linton YM. Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Albitarsis Complex based on mitogenome data. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:589. [PMID: 34838107 PMCID: PMC8627034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the most important malaria vectors in South America belong to the Albitarsis Complex (Culicidae; Anophelinae; Anopheles). Understanding the origin, nature, and geographical distribution of species diversity in this important complex has important implications for vector incrimination, control, and management, and for modelling future responses to climate change, deforestation, and human population expansion. This study attempts to further explore species diversity and evolutionary history in the Albitarsis Complex by undertaking a characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mitogenome of all 10 putative taxa in the Albitarsis Complex. METHODS Mitogenome assembly and annotation allowed for feature comparison among Albitarsis Complex and Anopheles species. Selection analysis was conducted across all 13 protein-coding genes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods were used to construct gene and species trees, respectively. Bayesian methods were also used to jointly estimate species delimitation and species trees. RESULTS Gene composition and order were conserved across species within the complex. Unique signatures of positive selection were detected in two species-Anopheles janconnae and An. albitarsis G-which may have played a role in the recent and rapid diversification of the complex. The COI gene phylogeny does not fully recover the mitogenome phylogeny, and a multispecies coalescent-based phylogeny shows that considerable uncertainty exists through much of the mitogenome species tree. The origin of divergence in the complex dates to the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, and divergence within the distinct northern South American clade is estimated at approximately 1 million years ago. Neither the phylogenetic trees nor the delimitation approach rejected the 10-species hypothesis, although the analyses could not exclude the possibility that four putative species with scant a priori support (An. albitarsis G, An. albitarsis H, An. albitarsis I, and An. albitarsis J), represent population-level, rather than species-level, splits. CONCLUSION The lack of resolution in much of the species tree and the limitations of the delimitation analysis warrant future studies on the complex using genome-wide data and the inclusion of additional specimens, particularly from two putative species, An. albitarsis I and An. albitarsis J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA.
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
| | - Silvia A Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - David B Pecor
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Richard C Wilkerson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
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De Salazar PM, Cox H, Imhoff H, Alexandre JSF, Buckee CO. The association between gold mining and malaria in Guyana: a statistical inference and time-series analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e731-e738. [PMID: 34627477 PMCID: PMC8515511 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guyana reported a significant rise in malaria between 2008 and 2014. As there was no evidence of impairment of national malaria control strategies, public health authorities attributed the surge to a temporal increase in gold mining activity in forested regions. However, systematic analysis of this association is lacking because of the difficulties associated with collecting reliable data for both malaria and mining. We aimed to investigate the association between the international gold price and Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Guyana between 2007 and 2019. We also aimed to evaluate the association between P falciparum cases and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation pattern, which has previously been suggested as a major driver of malaria. METHODS We used national malaria surveillance data from Guyana to estimate the correlation over time between the international gold price and reported P falciparum infections in individuals who were likely to be involved in mining activities (ie, men and boys aged between 15 and 50 years who were living in mining regions) for each month between 2007 and 2019. We compared the estimates with those obtained from individuals who were unlikely to be directly involved in mining activities (ie, women, children aged 12 years and younger, and adults aged over 70 years) and estimates obtained from individuals living in non-mining regions. We also evaluated the correlation between P falciparum infections and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation pattern in the same subpopulations and time period. Lastly, we evaluated the performance of a statistical model formulated to estimate P falciparum infections in real time using the international gold price as the predictor variable. FINDINGS The proportion of P falciparum malaria cases in temporary residents, which was used as a proxy for circulating individuals involved in gold mining, was highest during the years of peak gold price (ie, between 2008 and 2014). Cases of malaria in all demographic groups showed a strong positive correlation with the gold price, but only in regions with mining camps (0·88 [95% CI 0·84-0·89] for boys and men aged between 15 and 50 years and 0·80 [0·73-0·85] for the aggregated population of women, children aged 12 years and younger, and adults older than 70 years). The highest correlation occurred earlier in men and boys aged between 15 and 50 years, the demographic most likely to be miners, suggesting that transmission in mining camps is followed by infections in the community. On the basis of these findings, we were able to reliably forecast P falciparum malaria trends using only the gold price as the predictor variable. A 1% increase in gold price was associated with a 2·13% increase in P falciparum infections after 1 month in the mining populations, and with a 1·63% increase after 2 months in the non-mining populations. Lastly, La Niña climatic events showed an additional, smaller positive correlation with malaria transmission. INTERPRETATION Our analysis provides evidence that the P falciparum malaria surge observed in Guyana between 2008 and 2014 was likely to have been driven mainly by an increase in gold mining, while climate factors might have contributed synergistically. We propose that the international gold price over time is a useful indicator of malaria trends. We conclude that the feasibility of malaria elimination in Guyana, and in other areas in the Amazon where malaria and gold mining overlap, should be evaluated against the challenges posed by rapidly rising gold prices. FUNDING Ramón Areces Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M De Salazar
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Horace Cox
- Vector Control Services, Ministry of Public Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Helen Imhoff
- Vector Control Services, Ministry of Public Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | | | - Caroline O Buckee
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zúñiga MA, Rubio-Palis Y, Brochero H. Updating the bionomy and geographical distribution of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis F: A vector of malaria parasites in northern South America. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253230. [PMID: 34138918 PMCID: PMC8211218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles albitarsis F is a putative species belonging to the Albitarsis Complex, recognized by rDNA, mtDNA, partial white gene, and microsatellites sequences. It has been reported from the island of Trinidad, Venezuela and Colombia, and incriminated as a vector of malaria parasites in the latter. This study examined mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) sequences of An. albitarsis F from malaria-endemic areas in Colombia and Venezuela to understand its relations with other members of the Complex, revised and update the geographical distribution and bionomics of An. albitarsis F and explore hypotheses to explain its phylogenetic relationships and geographical expansion. Forty-five MT-CO1 sequences obtained in this study were analyzed to estimate genetic diversity and possible evolutionary relationships. Sequences generated 37 haplotypes clustered in a group where the genetic divergence of Venezuelan populations did not exceed 1.6% with respect to Colombian samples. Anopheles albitarsis F (π = 0.013) represented the most recent cluster located closer to An. albitarsis I (π = 0.009). Barcode gap was detected according to Albitarsis Complex lineages previously reported (threshold 0.014–0.021). Anopheles albitarsis F has a wide distribution in northern South America and might play an important role in the transmission dynamics of malaria due to its high expansion capacity. Future studies are required to establish the southern distribution of An. albitarsis F in Venezuela, and its occurrence in Guyana and Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Zúñiga
- Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento Francisco Morazán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Yasmin Rubio-Palis
- Departamento Clínico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
- Centro de Estudios de Enfermedades Endémicas y Salud Ambiental (CEEESA), Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Altos Estudios “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon”, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena Brochero
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia
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de Thoisy B, Duron O, Epelboin L, Musset L, Quénel P, Roche B, Binetruy F, Briolant S, Carvalho L, Chavy A, Couppié P, Demar M, Douine M, Dusfour I, Epelboin Y, Flamand C, Franc A, Ginouvès M, Gourbière S, Houël E, Kocher A, Lavergne A, Le Turnier P, Mathieu L, Murienne J, Nacher M, Pelleau S, Prévot G, Rousset D, Roux E, Schaub R, Talaga S, Thill P, Tirera S, Guégan JF. Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104916. [PMID: 34004361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
| | - Olivier Duron
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre Collaborateur OMS Pour La Surveillance Des Résistances Aux Antipaludiques, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle zones Endémiques, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Quénel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Binetruy
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Agathe Chavy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yanouk Epelboin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alain Franc
- UMR BIOGECO, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Cestas, France; Pleiade, EPC INRIA-INRAE-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux Talence, France
| | - Marine Ginouvès
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- UMR 5096 Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, France
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Paul Le Turnier
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôtel Dieu - INSERM CIC 1413, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luana Mathieu
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France; Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de la Réunion, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; International Joint Laboratory "Sentinela" Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Brasília, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Rio de Janeiro RJ-21040-900, Brazil
| | - Roxane Schaub
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stanislas Talaga
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pauline Thill
- Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier Dron, Tourcoing, France
| | - Sourakhata Tirera
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Luft A, Corcostegui SP, Millet M, Gillard J, Boissier J, Rondy P, Bancarel J, Carfantan C. Aeromedical Evacuations Within the French Armed Forces: Analysis of 2,129 Patients. Mil Med 2021; 185:468-476. [PMID: 31642486 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The doctrine of medical support during French military operations is based on a triptych: forward medical stabilization, forward damage control surgery, and early strategic aeromedical evacuation (Strategic-AE). The aim of this study was to describe the last piece, the evacuation process of the French Strategic-AE. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using patient records from 2015 to 2017. All French service members requiring an air evacuation from a foreign country to a homeland medical facility were included. Data collected included age, medical diagnosis, priority categorization, boarding location, distance from Paris, type of plane and flight, medical team composition, timeline, and dispatch at arrival. RESULTS We analyzed 2,129 patients evacuated from 71 countries, most from Africa (1,256), the Middle East (382), and South America (175). Most patients (1,958) were not severely injured, although some considered priority (103) or urgent (68). Diagnoses included disease (48.6%), nonbattle injuries (43%), battle stress (5.3%), and battle injuries (3%). 246 Strategic-AE used medical teams in flight, 136 of them in a dedicated Falcon aircraft. The main etiologies for those evacuations were battle injuries (24%), cardiovascular (15.4%), infections (8%), and neurologic (7.3%). The median time of management for urgent patients was about 16 hours but longer for priority patients (26 hours). Once in France, 1,146 patients were admitted to a surgery department and 96 to an intensive care unit. CONCLUSION This is the first study to analyze the French Strategic-AE system, which is doctrinally unique when compared to its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies. North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies favor care in the theatre in place of the French early Strategic-AE. However, in the event of a high intensity conflict, a combination of these two doctrines could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Luft
- Department of Defense, Operational headquarters, French Military Medical Service, 60 boulevard du Général Valin CS 21623, Paris Cedex 15 75509, France
| | - Simon-Pierre Corcostegui
- Special Medical Unit of Satory, French Military Medical Service, Camp des matelots, CS 10702, Versailles Cedex 78013, France
| | - Marianne Millet
- Paris Fire Brigade, French Military Medical Service, 47 rue Saint Fargeau, Paris 75020, France
| | - Jonathan Gillard
- Department of Defense, Operational headquarters, French Military Medical Service, 60 boulevard du Général Valin CS 21623, Paris Cedex 15 75509, France
| | - Jerome Boissier
- Department of Defense, Operational headquarters, French Military Medical Service, 60 boulevard du Général Valin CS 21623, Paris Cedex 15 75509, France
| | - Patrick Rondy
- Department of Defense, Operational headquarters, French Military Medical Service, 60 boulevard du Général Valin CS 21623, Paris Cedex 15 75509, France
| | - Jérôme Bancarel
- Medical Center of Rochefort, French Military Medical Service, BA 721 r Bois Bernard, Rochefort Air 17133, France
| | - Cyril Carfantan
- Department of Defense, Operational headquarters, French Military Medical Service, 60 boulevard du Général Valin CS 21623, Paris Cedex 15 75509, France
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Briolant S, Costa MM, Nguyen C, Dusfour I, Pommier de Santi V, Girod R, Almeras L. Identification of French Guiana anopheline mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS profiling using protein signatures from two body parts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234098. [PMID: 32817616 PMCID: PMC7444543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, the malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes, remains a disease of public health importance. To prevent malaria transmission, the main effective way remains Anopheles control. For an effective control, accurate Anopheles species identification is indispensable to distinguish malaria vectors from non-vectors. Although, morphological and molecular methods are largely used, an innovative tool, based on protein pattern comparisons, the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling, emerged this last decade for arthropod identification. However, the limited mosquito fauna diversity of reference MS spectra remains one of the main drawback for its large usage. The aim of the present study was then to create and to share reference MS spectra for the identification of French Guiana Anopheline species. A total of eight distinct Anopheles species, among which four are malaria vectors, were collected in 6 areas. To improve Anopheles identification, two body parts, legs and thoraxes, were independently submitted to MS for the creation of respective reference MS spectra database (DB). This study underlined that double checking by MS enhanced the Anopheles identification confidence and rate of reliable classification. The sharing of this reference MS spectra DB should make easier Anopheles species monitoring in endemic malaria area to help malaria vector control or elimination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Melo Costa
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Romain Girod
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Malaria in Gold Miners in the Guianas and the Amazon: Current Knowledge and Challenges. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Following Paraguay and Argentina, several countries from the Amazon region aim to eliminate malaria. To achieve this, all key affected and vulnerable populations by malaria, including people working on gold mining sites, must be considered. What is the situation of malaria in these particular settings and what are the challenges? This literature review aims to compile knowledge to answer these questions.
Recent Findings
The contexts in which gold miners operate are very heterogeneous: size and localization of mines, links with crime, administrative status of the mines and of the miners, mobility of the workers or national regulations. The number of malaria cases has been correlated with deforestation (Brazil, Colombia), gold production (Colombia), gold prices (Guyana), or location of the mining region (Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana). The burden of malaria in gold mines differs between territories: significant in Guyana, French Guiana, or Venezuela; lower in Brazil. Although Plasmodiumvivax causes 75% of malaria cases in the Americas, P. falciparum is predominant in several gold mining regions, especially in the Guiana Shield. Because of the remoteness from health facilities, self-medication with under-the-counter antimalarials is frequent. This constitutes a significant risk for the emergence of new P. falciparum parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs.
Summary
Because of the workers’ mobility, addressing malaria transmission in gold mines is essential, not only for miners, but also to prevent the (re-)emergence of malaria. Strategies among these populations should be tailored to the context because of the heterogeneity of situations in different territories. The transnational environment favoring malaria transmission also requires transborder and regional cooperation, where innovative solutions should be considered and evaluated.
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Douine M, Sanna A, Hiwat H, Briolant S, Nacher M, Belleoud D, Le Tourneau FM, Bogreau H, De Laval F. Investigation of a possible malaria epidemic in an illegal gold mine in French Guiana: an original approach in the remote Amazonian forest. Malar J 2019; 18:91. [PMID: 30902054 PMCID: PMC6431065 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In April 2017, Suriname’s Ministry of Health alerted French Guiana’s Regional Health Agency (RHA) about an increase of imported malaria cases among people coming from an illegal gold mining site called Sophie, in French Guiana, a French overseas territory located in the Amazonian forest. Methods Due to safety issues and the remoteness of Sophie, the RHA requested the collaboration of the French Armed Forces for the epidemiological investigation. A medical unit, and six soldiers to ensure the security of the mission, were transported by helicopter. Results During the investigation, two malaria episodes were diagnosed among 46 persons. Twenty-six of them were from Sophie, where PCR-Plasmodium prevalence was estimated at 60% (15/26). This result was concordant with previous studies revealing high malaria endemicity in the gold miner population. The increase of imported cases in Suriname may have resulted from decreased access to under-the-counter anti-malarials and increased migration of gold miners to Suriname following a decline of the profitability of gold mining in a context of increased repression against illegal mining by the French army. Conclusion This investigation of a suspicious malaria epidemic confirms the importance of malaria among illegal gold miners. Their mobility along the Guiana Shield and their health-seeking behaviour are likely to spread malaria in populations for which significant efforts are undertaken to fight against this disease. Fighting malaria in this population remains more relevant than ever. A pilot study (Malakit project) is currently in progress to evaluate the efficacy of kits for self-diagnosis and self-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane - Inserm1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Alice Sanna
- Health Regional Agency, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Helene Hiwat
- National Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- French Armed Forces Institute for Biomedical Research (IRBA)/BAT/Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane - Inserm1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Epidemiology of Tropical Parasitoses, EA 3593, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Didier Belleoud
- French Armed Forces Health Service in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Hervé Bogreau
- French Armed Forces Institute for Biomedical Research (IRBA)/BAT/Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Marseille, France.,French National Centre for Malaria (CNR Paludisme), Marseille, France.,IRD, AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéenne (VITROME), Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Franck De Laval
- French Armed Forces Health Service in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
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19
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Jones RT, Tusting LS, Smith HMP, Segbaya S, Macdonald MB, Bangs MJ, Logan JG. The impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Acta Trop 2018; 188:142-151. [PMID: 30165072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial activities have produced profound changes in the natural environment, including the mass removal of trees, fragmentation of habitats, and creation of larval mosquito breeding sites, that have allowed the vectors of disease pathogens to thrive. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Our study shows that industrial activities may be coupled with significant changes to human demographics that can potentially increase contact between pathogens, vectors and hosts, and produce a shift of parasites and susceptible populations between low and high disease endemic areas. Indeed, where vector-borne diseases and industrial activities intersect, large numbers of potentially immunologically naïve people may be exposed to infection and lack the knowledge and means to protect themselves from infection. Such areas are typically associated with inadequate access to quality health care, thus allowing industrial development and production sites to become important foci of transmission. The altered local vector ecologies, and the changes in disease dynamics that changes affect, create challenges for under-resourced health care and vector-control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucy S Tusting
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh M P Smith
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael J Bangs
- International SOS, Ltd., Papua Province, Indonesia; International SOS, Ltd., Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - James G Logan
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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20
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Hiwat H, Martínez-López B, Cairo H, Hardjopawiro L, Boerleider A, Duarte EC, Yadon ZE. Malaria epidemiology in Suriname from 2000 to 2016: trends, opportunities and challenges for elimination. Malar J 2018; 17:418. [PMID: 30419901 PMCID: PMC6233553 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suriname has experienced a significant change in malaria transmission risk and incidence over the past years. The country is now moving toward malaria elimination. The first objective of this study is to describe malaria epidemiological trends in Suriname between 2000 and 2016. The second objective is to identify spatiotemporal malaria trends in notification points between 2007 and 2016. Methods National malaria surveillance data resulting from active and passive screening between 2000 and 2016 were used for the temporal trend analysis. A space–time cluster analysis using SaTScan™ was conducted on Malaria Programme-data from 2007 to 2016 comparing cases (people tested positive) with controls (people tested negative). Results Suriname experienced a period of high malaria incidence during 2000–2005, followed by a steep decline in number of malaria cases from 2005 onwards. Imported malaria cases, mostly of Brazilian nationality and travelling from French Guiana, were major contributors to the reported number of cases, exceeding the national malaria burden (94.2% of the total). Most clusters in notification points are found in the border area between Suriname and French Guiana. Clustering was also found in the migrant clinic in Paramaribo. Conclusions Suriname has successfully reduced malaria to near-elimination level in the last 17 years. However, the high malaria import rate resulting from cross-border moving migrants is a major challenge for reaching elimination. This requires continued investment in the national health system, with a focus on border screening and migrant health. A regional approach to malaria elimination within the Guianas and Brazil is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hiwat
- Ministry of Health Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname.
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hedley Cairo
- Ministry of Health Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Agatha Boerleider
- Ministry of Health Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Zaida E Yadon
- Communicable Diseases Health Analysis, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
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21
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Pradines B, Rogier C. Contribution of the French army health service in support of expertise and research in infectiology in Africa. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:S78-S82. [PMID: 30402247 PMCID: PMC6205563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, infectious diseases have caused more casualties than battle. The French military health service therefore developed a range of research on vector-borne diseases such as malaria and arboviruses, antibiotic resistance, infectious agents that can be used as biological weapons and vaccines. The main objective is to control naturally acquired or provoked infectious diseases and limit their impact on armed forces as well as on civilian populations in France or abroad, particularly in Africa and anywhere French armies may be deployed. The expertise of the military health service teams in manipulating agents requiring high level of biosafety precautions and in organizing and providing medical care in unnatural conditions, including the battlefield, associated with complementarity staff experience (physicians, biologists, epidemiologists, researchers, pharmacists, logisticians), has been used in the management of the Ebola outbreak in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre national de référence du paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C. Rogier
- Division Expertise et stratégie santé de défense, Direction centrale du service de santé des armées, Paris, France
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22
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Endo N, Eltahir EAB. Prevention of malaria transmission around reservoirs: an observational and modelling study on the effect of wind direction and village location. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2:e406-e413. [PMID: 30177009 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many large dams are constructed annually in Africa, with associated reservoirs that might exacerbate the risk of malaria in new villages built nearby. We aimed to investigate the heterogeneous risk of malaria around reservoirs related to the impact of wind direction on malaria transmission. METHODS Between June 15, 2012, and April 22, 2015, we obtained field data on climate and hydrological conditions, and monitored Anopheles mosquito populations around the Koka reservoir in Ethiopia using in-situ weather stations, mosquito light traps, and larval dipping. The field data were used to calibrate a field-tested, spatially explicit mechanistic malaria transmission model, the Hydrology, Entomology, and Malaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS), to investigate the effect of relative wind direction on malaria transmission and associated mechanisms. We combined our simulation results and observational data to assess the association between village location around a reservoir and risk of malaria. FINDINGS HYDREMATS simulations showed that wind blowing from a village towards a reservoir increases the size of malaria vector populations, whereas wind blowing from a reservoir towards a village decreases the size of malaria vector populations, which was consistent with our field data. Larval mortality is low in locations with village-to-reservoir wind due to weak surface waves, and this wind direction creates conditions that enable mosquitoes to identify village locations more easily than in conditions caused by reservoir-to-village wind, which increases the size of malaria vector populations, and thus malaria transmission. Among the wind conditions investigated (0·5-5 m/s), the effect of CO2 attraction on the size of the Anopheles population was largest at wind speeds of 0·5 m/s and 1 m/s, decreasing with higher wind speed. At a wind speed of 5 m/s, the effect of CO2 attraction was negligible, whereas the effect of waves was strongest. The effect of advection on Anopheles population size was negligible at all wind speeds and wind directions. INTERPRETATION The effect of wind on malaria transmission around reservoirs can be substantial. The transmission of malaria can be minimised if the location of villages situated near a reservoir is carefully considered. For areas in which the environmental conditions surrounding a resevoir are equal, villages should be located downwind of reservoirs to reduce the incidence of malaria, although further research will be required in locations where wind direction changes in different seasons. FUNDING US National Science Foundation, and Cooperative Agreement between the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Endo
- Ralph M Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Elfatih A B Eltahir
- Ralph M Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Laroche M, Bérenger JM, Delaunay P, Charrel R, Pradines B, Berger F, Ranque S, Bitam I, Davoust B, Raoult D, Parola P. Medical Entomology: A Reemerging Field of Research to Better Understand Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:S30-S38. [PMID: 28859353 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the Chikungunya and Zika virus outbreaks have turned public attention to the possibility of the expansion of vector-borne infectious diseases worldwide. Medical entomology is focused on the study of arthropods involved in human health. We review here some of the research approaches taken by the medical entomology team of the University Hospital Institute (UHI) Méditerranée Infection of Marseille, France, with the support of recent or representative studies. We propose our approaches to technical innovations in arthropod identification and the detection of microorganisms in arthropods, the use of arthropods as epidemiological or diagnostic tools, entomological investigations around clinical cases or within specific populations, and how we have developed experimental models to decipher the interactions between arthropods, microorganisms, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Laroche
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Jean-Michel Bérenger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital de l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis
| | - Remi Charrel
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, EHESP), AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille ( AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme
| | - Franck Berger
- GSBDD Marseille-Aubagne, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Idir Bitam
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
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Endo N, Eltahir EAB. Environmental Determinants of Malaria Transmission Around the Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia. GEOHEALTH 2018; 2:104-115. [PMID: 32159012 PMCID: PMC7007164 DOI: 10.1002/2017gh000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New dam construction is known to exacerbate malaria transmission in Africa as the vectors of malaria-Anopheles mosquitoes-use bodies of water as breeding sites. Precise environmental mechanisms of how reservoirs exacerbate malaria transmission are yet to be identified. Understanding of these mechanisms should lead to a better assessment of the impacts of dam construction and to new prevention strategies. Combining extensive multiyear field surveys around the Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia and rigorous model development and simulation studies, environmental mechanisms of malaria transmission around the reservoir were examined. Most comprehensive and detailed malaria transmission model, Hydrology, Entomology, and Malaria Transmission Simulator, was applied to a village adjacent to the reservoir. Significant contributions to the dynamics of malaria transmission are shaped by wind profile, marginal pools, temperature, and shoreline locations. Wind speed and wind direction influence Anopheles populations and malaria transmission during the major and secondary mosquito seasons. During the secondary mosquito season, a noticeable influence was also attributed to marginal pools. Temperature was found to play an important role, not so much in Anopheles population dynamics, but in malaria transmission dynamics. Change in shoreline locations drives malaria transmission dynamics, with closer shoreline locations to the village making malaria transmission more likely. Identified environmental mechanisms help in predicting malaria transmission seasons and in developing village relocation strategies upon dam construction to minimize the risk of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Endo
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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25
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Prussing C, Moreno M, Saavedra MP, Bickersmith SA, Gamboa D, Alava F, Schlichting CD, Emerson KJ, Vinetz JM, Conn JE. Decreasing proportion of Anopheles darlingi biting outdoors between long-lasting insecticidal net distributions in peri-Iquitos, Amazonian Peru. Malar J 2018; 17:86. [PMID: 29463241 PMCID: PMC5819687 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Loreto Department, Peru, a successful 2005-2010 malaria control programme (known as PAMAFRO) included massive distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Additional local distribution of LLINs occurred in individual villages, but not between 2012 and 2015. A 2011-2012 study of the primary regional malaria vector Anopheles darlingi detected a trend of increased exophagy compared with pre-PAMAFRO behaviour. For the present study, An. darlingi were collected in three villages in Loreto in 2013-2015 to test two hypotheses: (1) that between LLIN distributions, An. darlingi reverted to pre-intervention biting behaviour; and, (2) that there are separate sub-populations of An. darlingi in Loreto with distinct biting behaviour. RESULTS In 2013-2015 An. darlingi were collected by human landing catch during the rainy and dry seasons in the villages of Lupuna and Cahuide. The abundance of An. darlingi varied substantially across years, villages and time periods, and there was a twofold decrease in the ratio of exophagic:endophagic An. darlingi over the study period. Unexpectedly, there was evidence of a rainy season population decline in An. darlingi. Plasmodium-infected An. darlingi were detected indoors and outdoors throughout the night, and the monthly An. darlingi human biting rate was correlated with the number of malaria cases. Using nextRAD genotyping-by-sequencing, 162 exophagic and endophagic An. darlingi collected at different times during the night were genotyped at 1021 loci. Based on model-based and non-model-based analyses, all genotyped An. darlingi belonged to a homogeneous population, with no evidence for genetic differentiation by biting location or time. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a decreasing proportion of exophagic An. darlingi in two villages in the years between LLIN distributions. As there was no evidence for genetic differentiation between endophagic and exophagic An. darlingi, this shift in biting behaviour may be the result of behavioural plasticity in An. darlingi, which shifted towards increased exophagy due to repellence by insecticides used to impregnate LLINs and subsequently reverted to increased endophagy as the nets aged. This study highlights the need to target vector control interventions to the biting behaviour of local vectors, which, like malaria risk, shows high temporal and spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Prussing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marta Moreno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marlon P Saavedra
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carl D Schlichting
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kevin J Emerson
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jan E Conn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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26
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Endo N, Eltahir EAB. Modelling and observing the role of wind in Anopheles population dynamics around a reservoir. Malar J 2018; 17:48. [PMID: 29370803 PMCID: PMC5784732 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wind conditions, as well as other environmental conditions, are likely to influence malaria transmission through the behaviours of Anopheles mosquitoes, especially around water-resource reservoirs. Wind-induced waves in a reservoir impose mortality on aquatic-stage mosquitoes. Mosquitoes’ host-seeking activity is also influenced by wind through dispersion of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$CO_2$$\end{document}CO2. However, no malaria transmission model exists to date that simulated those impacts of wind mechanistically. Methods A modelling framework for simulating the three important effects of wind on the behaviours of mosquito is developed: attraction of adult mosquitoes through dispersion of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$CO_2$$\end{document}CO2 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$CO_2$$\end{document}CO2attraction), advection of adult mosquitoes (advection), and aquatic-stage mortality due to wind-induced surface waves (waves). The framework was incorporated in a mechanistic malaria transmission simulator, HYDREMATS. The performance of the extended simulator was compared with the observed population dynamics of the Anopheles mosquitoes at a village adjacent to the Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia. Results The observed population dynamics of the Anopheles mosquitoes were reproduced with some reasonable accuracy in HYDREMATS that includes the representation of the wind effects. HYDREMATS without the wind model failed to do so. Offshore wind explained the increase in Anopheles population that cannot be expected from other environmental conditions alone. Conclusions Around large water bodies such as reservoirs, the role of wind in the dynamics of Anopheles population, hence in malaria transmission, can be significant. Modelling the impacts of wind on the behaviours of Anopheles mosquitoes aids in reproducing the seasonality of malaria transmission and in estimation of the risk of malaria around reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Endo
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Elfatih A B Eltahir
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, USA
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27
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Moua Y, Roux E, Girod R, Dusfour I, de Thoisy B, Seyler F, Briolant S. Distribution of the Habitat Suitability of the Main Malaria Vector in French Guiana Using Maximum Entropy Modeling. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:606-621. [PMID: 28011731 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an important health issue in French Guiana. Its principal mosquito vector in this region is Anopheles darlingi Root. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of this species is still very incomplete due to the extent of French Guiana and the difficulty to access most of the territory. Species distribution modeling based on the maximal entropy procedure was used to predict the spatial distribution of An. darlingi using 39 presence sites. The resulting model provided significantly high prediction performances (mean 10-fold cross-validated partial area under the curve and continuous Boyce index equal to, respectively, 1.11-with a level of omission error of 20%-and 0.42). The model also provided a habitat suitability map and environmental response curves in accordance with the known entomological situation. Several environmental characteristics that had a positive correlation with the presence of An. darlingi were highlighted: nonpermanent anthropogenic changes of the natural environment, the presence of roads and tracks, and opening of the forest. Some geomorphological landforms and high altitude landscapes appear to be unsuitable for An. darlingi. The species distribution modeling was able to reliably predict the distribution of suitable habitats for An. darlingi in French Guiana. Results allowed completion of the knowledge of the spatial distribution of the principal malaria vector in this Amazonian region, and identification of the main factors that favor its presence. They should contribute to the definition of a necessary targeted vector control strategy in a malaria pre-elimination stage, and allow extrapolation of the acquired knowledge to other Amazonian or malaria-endemic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Moua
- Université de Guyane, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Montpellier, France (; )
| | - Romain Girod
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana (; ; )
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana (; ; )
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Frédérique Seyler
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Montpellier, France (; )
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana ( ; ; )
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicales des Armées, Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
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28
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Adde A, Dusfour I, Vezenegho SB, Carinci R, Issaly J, Gaborit P, Nguyen C, Ardillon V, Girod R, Briolant S. Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock, French Guiana: Influence of Environmental Factors. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:597-605. [PMID: 28399277 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the Anopheles fauna of Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock, a persistent malaria-endemic municipality in French Guiana. This study aimed to update the knowledge of local Anopheles diversity, and their ecology and role in malaria transmission. Sampling sessions were implemented between September 2013 and October 2014. Four species were identified from the 3,450 specimens collected: Anopheles darlingi Root, An. braziliensis, An. triannulatus s.l., and An. nuneztovari s.l. Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species. Its involvement in malaria transmission was suspected due to 1) its abundance, 2) the presence of a density peak during the malaria emergence period, and 3) a dynamic correlated with malaria cases observed two months later. Present and past studies show that the influence of environmental conditions on malaria vector dynamics is high, and may vary drastically according to the local context. This supports evidence that control strategies must be designed at fine scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adde
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - I Dusfour
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S B Vezenegho
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - R Carinci
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - J Issaly
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - P Gaborit
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - C Nguyen
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, La Madeleine BP 6019, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, 34 Boulevard Laveran, 13013, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - V Ardillon
- Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en Région Antilles-Guyane, Agence Régionale de Santé, 19 rue Schœlcher BP 7023, 97300, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - R Girod
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S Briolant
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, La Madeleine BP 6019, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, 34 Boulevard Laveran, 13013, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex, France
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29
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Vezenegho SB, Adde A, Pommier de Santi V, Issaly J, Carinci R, Gaborit P, Dusfour I, Girod R, Briolant S. High malaria transmission in a forested malaria focus in French Guiana: How can exophagic Anopheles darlingi thwart vector control and prevention measures? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:561-9. [PMID: 27653361 PMCID: PMC5027866 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, malaria vector control and prevention relies on indoor residual
spraying and distribution of long lasting insecticidal nets. These measures are based
on solid epidemiological evidence but reveal a poor understanding of the vector. The
current study investigated the behaviour of both vectors and humans in relation to
the ongoing prevention strategies. In 2012 and 2013, Anopheles
mosquitoes were sampled outdoors at different seasons and in various time slots. The
collected mosquitoes were identified and screened for Plasmodium
infection. Data on human behaviour and malaria episodes were obtained from an
interview. A total of 3,135 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, of
which Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species (96.2%). For
the December 2012-February 2013 period, the Plasmodium vivax
infection rate for An. darlingi was 7.8%, and the entomological
inoculation rate was 35.7 infective bites per person per three-month span. In spite
of high bednet usage (95.7%) in 2012 and 2013, 52.2% and 37.0% of the participants,
respectively, had at least one malaria episode. An. darlingi
displayed heterogeneous biting behaviour that peaked between 20:30 and 22:30;
however, 27.6% of the inhabitants were not yet protected by bednets by 21:30. The use
of additional individual and collective protective measures is required to limit
exposure to infective mosquito bites and reduce vector densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Vezenegho
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Antoine Adde
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées, Marseille, France.,Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Jean Issaly
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Romuald Carinci
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, Guyane, France.,Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Marseille, France
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30
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Most B, Pommier de Santi V, Pagès F, Mura M, Uedelhoven WM, Faulde MK. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing: protective efficacy against malaria in hyperendemic foci, and laundering, wearing, and weathering effects on residual bioactivity after worst-case use in the rain forests of French Guiana. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:677-684. [PMID: 27942961 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Personal protective measures against hematophagous vectors constitute the first line of defense against arthropod-borne diseases. However, guidelines for the standardized testing and licensing of insecticide-treated clothing are still lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the preventive effect of long-lasting polymer-coated permethrin-impregnated clothing (PTBDU) against malaria after exposure to high-level disease transmission sites as well as the corresponding loss of permethrin and bioactivity during worst-case field use. Between August 2011 and June 2012, 25 personnel wearing PTBDUs and exposed for 9.5 person-months in hyperendemic malaria foci in the rain forest of French Guiana contracted no cases of malaria, whereas 125 persons wearing untreated uniforms only, exposed for 30.5 person-months, contracted 11 cases of malaria, indicating that PTBDU use significantly (p = 0.0139) protected against malaria infection. In the field, PTBDUs were laundered between 1 and 218 times (mean 25.2 ± 44.8). After field use, the mean remaining permethrin concentration in PTBDU fabric was 732.1 ± 321.1 min varying between 130 and 1270 mg/m2 (mean 743.9 ± 304.2 mg/m2) in blouses, and between 95 and 1290 mg/m2 (mean 720.2 ± 336.9 mg/m2) in trousers. Corresponding bioactivity, measured according to internal licensing conditions as KD99 times against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, varied between 27.5 and 142.5 min (mean 47.7 ± 22.1 min) for blouses, and between 25.0 and 360 min (mean 60.2 ± 66.1 min) for trousers. We strongly recommend the use of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases, including chikungunya, dengue, and zika fevers, which are currently resurging globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Most
- Director Department A, Bundeswehr Medical Office, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Camp Militaire de Sainte Marthe, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Pagès
- French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Camp Militaire de Sainte Marthe, Marseille, France.,Regional Office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire OI, Institut de Veille Sanitaire), Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Marie Mura
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Cedex, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | | | - Michael K Faulde
- Department of Medical Entomology/Zoology, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service, PO Box 7340, 56065, Koblenz, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinics Bonn, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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31
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Adde A, Dusfour I, Roux E, Girod R, Briolant S. Anopheles fauna of coastal Cayenne, French Guiana: modelling and mapping of species presence using remotely sensed land cover data. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:750-756. [PMID: 27982304 PMCID: PMC5146740 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the Anopheles species of the coastal areas of
French Guiana, or their spatiotemporal distribution or environmental determinants.
The present study aimed to (1) document the distribution of
Anopheles fauna in the coastal area around Cayenne, and (2)
investigate the use of remotely sensed land cover data as proxies of
Anopheles presence. To characterise the
Anopheles fauna, we combined the findings of two entomological
surveys that were conducted during the period 2007-2009 and in 2014 at 37 sites.
Satellite imagery data were processed to extract land cover variables potentially
related to Anopheles ecology. Based on these data, a methodology was formed to
estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-seasonal variations in the
presence of Anopheles in the Cayenne region. Two
Anopheles species, known as main malaria vectors in South
America, were identified, including the more dominant An. aquasalis
near town and rural sites, and An. darlingi only found in inland
sites. Furthermore, a cross-validated model of An. aquasalis
presence that integrated marsh and forest surface area was extrapolated to generate
predictive maps. The present study supports the use of satellite imagery by health
authorities for the surveillance of malaria vectors and planning of control
strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Adde
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ESPACE-DEV (University of French Guiana, University of French West Indies, University of la Réunion, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, Marseille, France
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32
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Adde A, Roux E, Mangeas M, Dessay N, Nacher M, Dusfour I, Girod R, Briolant S. Dynamical Mapping of Anopheles darlingi Densities in a Residual Malaria Transmission Area of French Guiana by Using Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164685. [PMID: 27749938 PMCID: PMC5066951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local variation in the density of Anopheles mosquitoes and the risk of exposure to bites are essential to explain the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the transmission of malaria. Vector distribution is driven by environmental factors. Based on variables derived from satellite imagery and meteorological observations, this study aimed to dynamically model and map the densities of Anopheles darlingi in the municipality of Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock (French Guiana). Longitudinal sampling sessions of An. darlingi densities were conducted between September 2012 and October 2014. Landscape and meteorological data were collected and processed to extract a panel of variables that were potentially related to An. darlingi ecology. Based on these data, a robust methodology was formed to estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-temporal variations in the densities of An. darlingi in Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock. The final cross-validated model integrated two landscape variables—dense forest surface and built surface—together with four meteorological variables related to rainfall, evapotranspiration, and the minimal and maximal temperatures. Extrapolation of the model allowed the generation of predictive weekly maps of An. darlingi densities at a resolution of 10-m. Our results supported the use of satellite imagery and meteorological data to predict malaria vector densities. Such fine-scale modeling approach might be a useful tool for health authorities to plan control strategies and social communication in a cost-effective, targeted, and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Adde
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- * E-mail:
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgan Mangeas
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Dessay
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique et Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre hospitalier Andrée-Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Romain Girod
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
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