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Lin X, Yang F, Yan S, Wu H, Wang P, Zhao Y, Shi D, Yao H, Wu H, Li L. Preparation and characterization of mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the H1N1 influenza virus. Virus Res 2024; 345:199402. [PMID: 38772446 PMCID: PMC11156778 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
H1N1 influenza virus is a significant global public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA) have become an important therapeutic strategy, offering highly specific targeting to block viral transmission and infection. This study focused on the development of mAbs targeting HA of the A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1pdm09, VIC-19) strain by utilizing hybridoma technology to produce two mAbs with high binding capacity. Notably, mAb 2B2 has demonstrated a strong affinity for HA proteins in recent H1N1 influenza vaccine strains. In vitro assessments showed that both mAbs exhibited broad-spectrum hemagglutination inhibition and potent neutralizing effects against various vaccine strains of H1N1pdm09 viruses. 2B2 was also effective in animal models, offering both preventive and therapeutic protection against infections caused by recent H1N1 strains, highlighting its potential for clinical application. By individually co-cultivating each of the aforementioned mAbs with the virus in chicken embryos, four amino acid substitution sites in HA (H138Q, G140R, A141E/V, and D187E) were identified in escape mutants, three in the antigenic site Ca2, and one in Sb. The identification of such mutations is pivotal, as it compels further investigation into how these alterations could undermine the binding efficacy and neutralization capacity of antibodies, thereby impacting the design and optimization of mAb therapies and influenza vaccines. This research highlights the necessity for continuous exploration into the dynamic interaction between viral evolution and antibody response, which is vital for the formulation of robust therapeutic and preventive strategies against influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Mice
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Chick Embryo
- Female
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sijing Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Danrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China.
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Chai D, Wang X, Neeli P, Zhou S, Yu X, Sabapathy K, Li Y. DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies targeting the p53 R175H mutant epitope inhibit tumor development in mice. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100994. [PMID: 38560504 PMCID: PMC10980946 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is the most common mutated gene in cancer, with the R175H as the most frequent p53 missense mutant. However, there are currently no approved targeted therapies or immunotherapies against mutant p53. Here, we characterized and investigated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes the mutant p53-R175H for its affinity, specificity, and activity against tumor cells in vitro. We then delivered DNA plasmids expressing the anti-R175H mAb or a bispecific antibody (BsAb) into mice to evaluate their therapeutic effects. Our results showed that the anti-R175H mAb specifically bound to the p53-R175H antigen with a high affinity and recognized the human mutant p53-R175H antigen expressed on HEK293T or MC38 cells, with no cross-reactivity with wild-type p53. In cultured cells, the anti-R175H mAb showed higher cytotoxicity than the control but did not induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We made a recombinant MC38 mouse cell line (MC38-p53-R175H) that overexpressed the human p53-R175H after knocking out the endogenous mutant p53 alleles. In vivo, administration of the anti-R175H mAb plasmid elicited a robust anti-tumor effect against MC38-p53-R175H in mice. The administration of the anti-R175H BsAb plasmid showed no therapeutic effects, yet potent anti-tumor activity was observed in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody. These results indicate that targeting specific mutant epitopes using DNA-delivered mAbs or BsAbs presents a form of improved natural immunity derived from tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells against intracellular tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingfang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Blanco E, Silva-Pilipich N, Bocanegra A, Chocarro L, Procopio A, Ausín K, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Fernández L, Razquin N, Igea A, Garnica M, Echaide M, Arasanz H, Vera R, Escors D, Smerdou C, Kochan G. Oleuropein-driven reprogramming of the myeloid cell compartment to sensitise tumours to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade strategies. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:869-879. [PMID: 38195888 PMCID: PMC10912768 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that functional systemic immunity is required for the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapies in cancer. Hence, systemic reprogramming of immunosuppressive dysfunctional myeloid cells could overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy. METHODS Reprogramming of tumour-associated myeloid cells with oleuropein was studied by quantitative differential proteomics, phenotypic and functional assays in mice and lung cancer patients. Combinations of oleuropein and two different delivery methods of anti-PD-1 antibodies were tested in colorectal cancer tumour models and in immunotherapy-resistant lung cancer models. RESULTS Oleuropein treatment reprogrammed monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumour-associated macrophages towards differentiation of immunostimulatory subsets. Oleuropein regulated major differentiation programmes associated to immune modulation in myeloid cells, which potentiated T cell responses and PD-1 blockade. PD-1 antibodies were delivered by two different strategies, either systemically or expressed within tumours using a self-amplifying RNA vector. Combination anti-PD-1 therapies with oleuropein increased tumour infiltration by immunostimulatory dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, leading to systemic antitumour T cell responses. Potent therapeutic activities were achieved in colon cancer and lung cancer models resistant to immunotherapies, even leading to complete tumour regression. DISCUSSION Oleuropein significantly improves the outcome of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy strategies by reprogramming myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad Navarra (CCUN), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad Navarra (CCUN), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Razquin
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Igea
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad Navarra (CCUN), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad Navarra (CCUN), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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4
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Sung C, Wang J, Chang J, Wong AK. Review of treatment strategies after lymphadenectomy: from molecular therapeutics to immediate microsurgical lymphatic reconstruction. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2024:101844. [PMID: 38316291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2024.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, such as lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy. It is a debilitating condition with pathologic tissue changes that hinder effective curative treatment and jeopardize patients' quality of life. Various attempts to prevent the development of lymphedema have been made, with improvements in the incidence of the pathology. However, it is still prevalent among survivors of cancer. In this paper, we review both molecular therapeutics and immediate surgical lymphatic reconstruction as treatment strategies after lymphadenectomy. Specifically, we discuss pro-lymphangiogenic molecules that have proved efficient in animal models of lymphedema and clinical trials, and review currently available microsurgical techniques of immediate lymphatic reconstruction. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar through May 2022. Searches were done separately for molecular therapeutics and microsurgical techniques for immediate lymphatic reconstruction. Search terms used for (1) non-surgical methods include 'lymphangiogenesis,' 'lymphedema,' 'growth factor,' and 'gene therapy.' Search terms used for (2) surgical methods include 'lymphedema,' 'lymph node excision,' 'lymphatic vessels,' 'primary prevention,' and 'microsurgery.' RESULTS Various pro-lymphangiogenic factors with therapeutic potential include VEGF-C, VEGF-D, HGF, bFGF, PDGF, IGF, Retinoic acid, Ang-1, S1P, TLR4, and IL-8. Microsurgical lymphatic reconstruction for prevention of secondary lymphedema includes lymphovenous anastomosis, vascularized lymph node flap transfer, and lymph-interpositional flap transfer, with promising clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS With growing knowledge of the lymphangiogenic pathway and lymphedema pathology and advances in microsurgical techniques to restore lymphatic channels, molecular and surgical approaches may represent a promising method for primary prevention of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sung
- Division of Plastic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jeff Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Alex K Wong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA.
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5
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Matthys A, Saelens X. Promises and challenges of single-domain antibodies to control influenza. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105807. [PMID: 38219914 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization advices the use of a quadrivalent vaccine as prophylaxis against influenza, to prevent severe influenza-associated disease and -mortality, and to keep up with influenza antigenic diversity. Different small molecule antivirals to treat influenza have become available. However, emergence of drug resistant influenza viruses has been observed upon use of these antivirals. An appealing alternative approach to prevent or treat influenza is the use of antibody-based antivirals, such as conventional monoclonal antibodies and single-domain antibodies (sdAbs). The surface of the influenza A and B virion is decorated with hemagglutinin molecules, which act as receptor-binding and membrane fusion proteins and represent the main target of neutralizing antibodies. SdAbs that target influenza A and B hemagglutinin have been described. In addition, sdAbs directed against the influenza A virus neuraminidase have been reported, whereas no sdAbs targeting influenza B neuraminidase have been described to date. SdAbs directed against influenza A matrix protein 2 or its ectodomain have been reported, while no sdAbs have been described targeting the influenza B matrix protein 2. Known for their high specificity, ease of production and formatting, sdAb-based antivirals could be a major leap forward in influenza control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Matthys
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Yu H, Wu M, Zhao N, Dong M, Wang Y, Yu K, Sun C, Xu N, Ge L, Liu W. Anti-Ricin toxin human neutralizing antibodies and DMAbs protection against ricin toxin poisoning. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00209-6. [PMID: 37390852 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) and in vivo expression of antibody therapeutics presents an innovative alternative to conventional delivery methods. Therefore, in order to prevent the lethal dose of ricin toxin (RT) and to avoid human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) reaction, we developed the human neutralizing antibody 4-4E against RT and constructed DMAb-4-4E. The human neutralizing antibody 4-4E could neutralize RT in vitro and in vivo, while the mice in RT group all died. Using intramuscular electroporation (IM EP), antibodies were rapidly expressed in vivo within 7 days and were enriched in intestine and gastrocnemius muscle mostly. Besides, we found that DMAbs have shown a broad protective efficacy of RT poisoning prophylaxis. Driven by plasmids for IgG expression, mice were survived and the blood glucose level of mice in DMAb-IgG group returned to normal at 72h post RT challenge, and the RT group died within 48h. Furthermore, hindrance of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and accumulation of RT in endosomes were found in IgG-protected cells, revealing the possible mechanism of neutralization details. These data support the further study of RT-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130122, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China.
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Silva-Pilipich N, Covo-Vergara Á, Smerdou C. Local Delivery of Immunomodulatory Antibodies for Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082352. [PMID: 37190279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy has experienced a breakthrough with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are able to unleash immune responses against tumors refractory to other therapies. Despite the great advancement that ICIs represent, most patients with gastrointestinal tumors have not benefited from this therapy. In addition, ICIs often induce adverse effects that are related to their systemic use. Local administration of ICIs in tumors could concentrate their effect in the malignant tissue and provide a higher safety profile. A new and attractive approach for local delivery of ICIs is the use of gene therapy vectors to express these blocking antibodies in tumor cells. Several vectors have been evaluated in preclinical models of gastrointestinal tumors to express ICIs against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, among other immune checkpoints, with promising results. Vectors used in these settings include oncolytic viruses, self-replicating RNA vectors, and non-replicative viral and non-viral vectors. The use of viral vectors, especially when they have replication capacity, provides an additional adjuvant effect that has been shown to enhance antitumor responses. This review covers the most recent studies involving the use of gene therapy vectors to deliver ICIs to gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ángela Covo-Vergara
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Cuypers ML, Geukens N, Hollevoet K, Declerck P, Dewilde M. Exploring the Fate of Antibody-Encoding pDNA after Intramuscular Electroporation in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041160. [PMID: 37111645 PMCID: PMC10146361 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-based antibody therapy seeks to administer the encoding nucleotide sequence rather than the antibody protein. To further improve the in vivo monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression, a better understanding of what happens after the administration of the encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) is required. This study reports the quantitative evaluation and localization of the administered pDNA over time and its association with corresponding mRNA levels and systemic protein concentrations. pDNA encoding the murine anti-HER2 4D5 mAb was administered to BALB/c mice via intramuscular injection followed by electroporation. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken at different time points (up to 3 months). In muscle, pDNA levels decreased 90% between 24 h and one week post treatment (p < 0.0001). In contrast, mRNA levels remained stable over time. The 4D5 antibody plasma concentrations reached peak levels at week two followed by a slow decrease (50% after 12 weeks, p < 0.0001). Evaluation of pDNA localization revealed that extranuclear pDNA was cleared fast, whereas the nuclear fraction remained relatively stable. This is in line with the observed mRNA and protein levels over time and indicates that only a minor fraction of the administered pDNA is ultimately responsible for the observed systemic mAb levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that durable expression is dependent on the nuclear uptake of the pDNA. Therefore, efforts to increase the protein levels upon pDNA-based gene therapy should focus on strategies to increase both cellular entry and migration of the pDNA into the nucleus. The currently applied methodology can be used to guide the design and evaluation of novel plasmid-based vectors or alternative delivery methods in order to achieve a robust and prolonged protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lynn Cuypers
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dewilde
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Peres C, Sellitto C, Nardin C, Putti S, Orsini T, Di Pietro C, Marazziti D, Vitiello A, Calistri A, Rigamonti M, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Zonta F, Yang G, White TW, Mammano F. Antibody gene transfer treatment drastically improves epidermal pathology in a keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome model using male mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104453. [PMID: 36736132 PMCID: PMC9926223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratitis ichthyosis deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by hemichannel (HC) activating gain-of-function mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin (Cx) 26, for which there is no cure, or current treatments based upon the mechanism of disease causation. METHODS We applied Adeno Associated Virus (AAV) mediated mAb gene transfer (AAVmAb) to treat the epidermal features of KID syndrome with a well-characterized HC blocking antibody using male mice of a murine model that replicates the skin pathology of the human disease. FINDINGS We demonstrate that in vivo AAVmAb treatment significantly reduced the size and thickness of KID lesions, in addition to blocking activity of mutant HCs in the epidermis in vivo. We also show that AAVmAb treatment eliminated abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and enlarged cell size, decreased apoptosis, and restored the normal distribution of keratin expression. INTERPRETATION Our findings reinforce the critical role played by increased HC activity in the skin pathology associated with KID syndrome. They also underscore the clinical potential of anti-HC mAbs coupled with genetic based delivery systems for treating the underlying mechanistic basis of this disorder. Inhibition of HC activity is an ideal therapeutic target in KID syndrome, and the genetic delivery of mAbs targeted against mutant HCs could form the basis of new therapeutic interventions to treat this incurable disease. FUNDING Fondazione Telethon grant GGP19148 and University of Padova grant Prot. BIRD187130 to FM; Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types (FIRST) and National Institutes of Health grant EY 026911 to TWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peres
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sellitto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, T5-147, Basic Science Tower; Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA
| | - Chiara Nardin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Putti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Orsini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Thomas W White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, T5-147, Basic Science Tower; Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA.
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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11
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Liang H, Du Y, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Liao G, Liu L, Chen Y. Nanoparticulate Cationic Poly(amino acid)s Block Cancer Metastases by Destructing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2868-2880. [PMID: 36648411 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis that is resistant to conventional therapies has become a major cause of patient death. Recent reports indicate that the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is closely associated with cancer distant metastases, and the cell-free DNA of NETs has been identified as the ligand of the transmembrane protein CCDC25 of cancer cells, acting as a chemokine to induce cancer cell migration to distant organs. In this work, we present the poly(aspartic acid) based-cationic materials to interfere with the interaction between NET-DNA and CCDC25, and furthermore to inhibit NET-DNA-mediated cancer cell chemotaxis and migration. Because of a stronger binding affinity to DNA and favorable retention in the liver, nanoparticulate poly(aspartic acid) derivatives (cANP) efficiently reduce the level of hepatic NET-DNA infiltration, leading to a significant suppression of cancer metastases in mice and several human metastatic models. Moreover, the cANP exhibits no toxicity to organs of animals during the entire treatment. Thus, this work suggests a strategy for controlling cancer metastases, which will benefit patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yibo Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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12
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Leading Edge: Intratumor Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032676. [PMID: 36768997 PMCID: PMC9917067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint blockade have shown remarkable clinical outcomes and durable responses in patients with many tumor types. Nevertheless, these therapies lack efficacy in most cancer patients, even causing severe adverse events in a small subset of patients, such as inflammatory disorders and hyper-progressive disease. To diminish the risk of developing serious toxicities, intratumor delivery of monoclonal antibodies could be a solution. Encouraging results have been shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, intratumor immunotherapy as a new strategy may retain efficacy while increasing safety. This approach is still an exploratory frontier in cancer research and opens up new possibilities for next-generation personalized medicine. Local intratumor delivery can be achieved through many means, but an attractive approach is the use of gene therapy vectors expressing mAbs inside the tumor mass. Here, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical results of intratumor mAb delivery, together with descriptions of non-viral and viral strategies for mAb delivery in preclinical and clinical development. Currently, this is an expanding research subject that will surely play a key role in the future of oncology.
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13
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Liu X, Yang Y, Zheng X, Liu M, Wang G. Enhancedanti-tumor efficacy through a combination of intramuscularly expressed DNA vaccine and plasmid-encoded PD-1 antibody. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169850. [PMID: 37138873 PMCID: PMC10150030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune check inhibitors (ICIs) have moderate response rates (~20%-30%) in some malignancies clinically, and, when used in combination with other immunotherapeutic strategies such as DNA tumor vaccines, there is evidence to suggest that they could optimize the efficacy of cancer treatment. In this study, we validated that intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding OVA combined with pDNA encoding α-PD-1 (abbreviated as α-PD-1 in the following treatment groups) may enhance therapeutic efficacy by means of in situ gene delivery and enhanced muscle-specific potent promoter. Mice treated with pDNA-OVA or pDNA-α-PD-1 alone showed weak tumor inhibition in the MC38-OVA-bearing model. In comparison, the combined treatment of pDNA-OVA and pDNA-α-PD-1 resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and a significantly improved survival rate of over 60% on day 45. In the B16-F10-OVA metastasis model, the addition of the DNA vaccine enhanced resistance to tumor metastasis and increased the populations of CD8+ T cells in blood and spleen. In conclusion, the current research shows that a combination of pDNA-encoded PD-1 antibody and DNA vaccine expressed in vivo is an efficient, safe, and economical strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueyao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiufeng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology/Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology/Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Ming Liu,
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14
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Cationic RGD peptidomimetic nanoconjugates as effective tumor targeting gene delivery vectors with antimicrobial potential. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Hollevoet K, Thomas D, Compernolle G, Vermeire G, De Smidt E, De Vleeschauwer S, Smith TRF, Fisher PD, Dewilde M, Geukens N, Declerck P. Clinically relevant dosing and pharmacokinetics of DNA-encoded antibody therapeutics in a sheep model. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017612. [PMID: 36263202 PMCID: PMC9574358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded delivery and in vivo expression of antibody therapeutics presents an innovative alternative to conventional protein production and administration, including for cancer treatment. To support clinical translation, we evaluated this approach in 18 40-45 kg sheep, using a clinical-matched intramuscular electroporation (IM EP) and hyaluronidase-plasmid DNA (pDNA) coformulation setup. Two cohorts of eight sheep received either 1 or 4 mg pDNA encoding an ovine anti-cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (mAb; OVAC). Results showed a dose-response with average maximum serum concentrations of respectively 0.3 and 0.7 µg/ml OVAC, 4-6 weeks after IM EP. OVAC was detected in all 16 sheep throughout the 6-week follow-up, and no anti-OVAC antibodies were observed. Another, more exploratory, cohort of two sheep received a 12 mg pOVAC dose. Both animals displayed a similar dose-dependent mAb increase and expression profile in the first two weeks. However, in one animal, an anti-OVAC antibody response led to loss of mAb detection four weeks after IM EP. In the other animal, no anti-drug antibodies were observed. Serum OVAC concentrations peaked at 4.9 µg/ml 6 weeks after IM EP, after which levels gradually decreased but remained detectable around 0.2 to 0.3 µg/ml throughout a 13-month follow-up. In conclusion, using a delivery protocol that is currently employed in clinical Phase 1 studies of DNA-based antibodies, we achieved robust and prolonged in vivo production of anti-cancer DNA-encoded antibody therapeutics in sheep. The learnings from this large-animal model regarding the impact of pDNA dose and host immune response on the expressed mAb pharmacokinetics can contribute to advancing clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kevin Hollevoet,
| | - Debby Thomas
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Compernolle
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Maarten Dewilde
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Jacobs L, Yshii L, Junius S, Geukens N, Liston A, Hollevoet K, Declerck P. Intratumoral DNA-based delivery of checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies and interleukin 12 triggers T cell infiltration and anti-tumor response. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:984-992. [PMID: 34754076 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To improve the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, numerous combination therapies are under clinical evaluation, including with IL-12 gene therapy. The current study evaluated the simultaneous delivery of the cytokine and checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies by intratumoral DNA electroporation in mice. In the MC38 tumor model, combined administration of plasmids encoding IL-12 and an anti-PD-1 antibody induced significant anti-tumor responses, yet similar to the monotherapies. When treatment was expanded with a DNA-based anti-CTLA-4 antibody, this triple combination significantly delayed tumor growth compared to IL-12 alone and the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Despite low drug plasma concentrations, the triple combination enabled significant abscopal effects in contralateral tumors, which was not the case for the other treatments. The DNA-based immunotherapies increased T cell infiltration in electroporated tumors, especially of CD8+ T cells, and upregulated the expression of CD8+ effector markers. No general immune activation was detected in spleens following either intratumoral treatment. In B16F10 tumors, evaluation of the triple combination was hampered by a high sensitivity to control plasmids. In conclusion, intratumoral gene electrotransfer allowed effective combined delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics. This approach induced responses in treated and contralateral tumors, while limiting systemic drug exposure and potentially detrimental systemic immunological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl Jacobs
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Yshii
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffie Junius
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs - the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,PharmAbs - the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,PharmAbs - the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger G. The road to effective and accessible antibody therapies against Ebola virus. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 54:101210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Zambrano N, Froechlich G, Lazarevic D, Passariello M, Nicosia A, De Lorenzo C, Morelli MJ, Sasso E. High-Throughput Monoclonal Antibody Discovery from Phage Libraries: Challenging the Current Preclinical Pipeline to Keep the Pace with the Increasing mAb Demand. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051325. [PMID: 35267633 PMCID: PMC8909429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for a broad range of diseases. Rising demand must face with time time-consuming and laborious processes to isolate novel monoclonal antibodies. Next-generation sequencing coupled to phage display provides timely and sustainable high throughput selection strategy to rapidly access novel target. Here, we describe the current NGS-guided strategies to identify potential binders from enriched sub-libraires by applying a user-friendly informatic pipeline to identify and discard false positive clones. Rescue step and strategies to boost mAb yield are also discussed to improve the limiting selection and screening steps. Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are among the most powerful therapeutics in modern medicine. Since the approval of the first therapeutic antibody in 1986, monoclonal antibodies keep holding great expectations for application in a range of clinical indications, highlighting the need to provide timely and sustainable access to powerful screening options. However, their application in the past has been limited by time-consuming and expensive steps of discovery and production. The screening of antibody repertoires is a laborious step; however, the implementation of next-generation sequencing-guided screening of single-chain antibody fragments has now largely overcome this issue. This review provides a detailed overview of the current strategies for the identification of monoclonal antibodies from phage display-based libraries. We also discuss the challenges and the possible solutions to improve the limiting selection and screening steps, in order to keep pace with the increasing demand for monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Margherita Passariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco J. Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
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19
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Alameh MG, Weissman D, Pardi N. Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 440:111-145. [PMID: 32300916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro-transcribed, messenger RNA-based infectious disease vaccines have the potential to successfully address many of the weaknesses of traditional vaccine platforms, such as the lack of potency and/or durability of vaccine protection, time-consuming, and expensive manufacturing, and, in some cases, safety issues. This optimism is fueled by a great deal of impressive recent data demonstrating that mRNA vaccines have many of the attributes that are necessary for a viable new vaccine class for human use. This review briefly describes mRNA vaccine types, discusses the most relevant and recent publications on infectious disease mRNA vaccines, and highlights the hurdles that need to be overcome to bring this promising novel vaccine modality to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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20
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Silva-Pilipich N, Smerdou C, Vanrell L. A Small Virus to Deliver Small Antibodies: New Targeted Therapies Based on AAV Delivery of Nanobodies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091956. [PMID: 34576851 PMCID: PMC8465657 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are camelid-derived single-domain antibodies that present some advantages versus conventional antibodies, such as a smaller size, and higher tissue penetrability, stability, and hydrophilicity. Although nanobodies can be delivered as proteins, in vivo expression from adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors represents an attractive strategy. This is due to the fact that AAV vectors, that can provide long-term expression of recombinant genes, have shown an excellent safety profile, and can accommodate genes for one or several nanobodies. In fact, several studies showed that AAV vectors can provide sustained nanobody expression both locally or systemically in preclinical models of human diseases. Some of the pathologies addressed with this technology include cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, infectious, and genetic diseases. Depending on the indication, AAV-delivered nanobodies can be expressed extracellularly or inside cells. Intracellular nanobodies or “intrabodies” carry out their function by interacting with cell proteins involved in disease and have also been designed to help elucidate cellular mechanisms by interfering with normal cell processes. Finally, nanobodies can also be used to retarget AAV vectors, when tethered to viral capsid proteins. This review covers applications in which AAV vectors have been used to deliver nanobodies, with a focus on their therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (C.S.); +508-29021505 (L.V.); Fax: +34-948194717 (C.S.)
| | - Lucía Vanrell
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
- Nanogrow Biotech, CIE BIO Incubator, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (C.S.); +508-29021505 (L.V.); Fax: +34-948194717 (C.S.)
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21
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Vermeire G, De Smidt E, Geukens N, Williams JA, Declerck P, Hollevoet K. Improved Potency and Safety of DNA-Encoded Antibody Therapeutics Through Plasmid Backbone and Expression Cassette Engineering. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1200-1209. [PMID: 34482757 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded delivery of antibodies presents a labor- and cost-effective alternative to conventional antibody therapeutics. This study aims to improve the potency and safety of this approach by evaluating various plasmid backbones and expression cassettes. In vitro, antibody levels consistently improved with decreasing sizes of backbone, ranging from conventional to minimal. In vivo, following intramuscular electrotransfer in mice, the correlation was less consistent. While the largest conventional plasmid (10.2 kb) gave the lowest monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels, a regular conventional plasmid (8.6 kb) demonstrated similar levels as a minimal Nanoplasmid (6.8 kb). A reduction in size beyond a standard conventional backbone thus did not improve mAb levels in vivo. Cassette modifications, such as swapping antibody chain order or use of two versus a single encoding plasmid, significantly increased antibody expression in vitro, but failed to translate in vivo. Conversely, a significant improvement in vivo but not in vitro was found with a set of muscle-specific promoters, of which a newly engineered variant gave roughly 1.5- to 2-fold higher plasma antibody concentrations than the ubiquitous CAG promoter. In conclusion, despite the limited translation between in vitro and in vivo, we identified various clinically relevant improvements to our DNA-based antibody platform, both in potency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Parray HA, Shukla S, Perween R, Khatri R, Shrivastava T, Singh V, Murugavelu P, Ahmed S, Samal S, Sharma C, Sinha S, Luthra K, Kumar R. Inhalation monoclonal antibody therapy: a new way to treat and manage respiratory infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6315-6332. [PMID: 34423407 PMCID: PMC8380517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The route of administration of a therapeutic agent has a substantial impact on its success. Therapeutic antibodies are usually administered systemically, either directly by intravenous route, or indirectly by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. However, treatment of diseases contained within a specific tissue necessitates a better alternate route of administration for targeting localised infections. Inhalation is a promising non-invasive strategy for antibody delivery to treat respiratory maladies because it provides higher concentrations of antibody in the respiratory airways overcoming the constraints of entry through systemic circulation and uncertainity in the amount reaching the target tissue. The nasal drug delivery route is one of the extensively researched modes of administration, and nasal sprays for molecular drugs are deemed successful and are presently commercially marketed. This review highlights the current state and future prospects of inhaled therapies, with an emphasis on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of respiratory infections, as well as an overview of their importance, practical challenges, and clinical trial outcomes.Key points• Immunologic strategies for preventing mucosal transmission of respiratory pathogens.• Mucosal-mediated immunoprophylaxis could play a major role in COVID-19 prevention.• Applications of monoclonal antibodies in passive immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Reshma Perween
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Vanshika Singh
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Praveenkumar Murugavelu
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
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23
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Brücher D, Franc V, Smith SN, Heck AJR, Plückthun A. Malignant tissues produce divergent antibody glycosylation of relevance for cancer gene therapy effectiveness. MAbs 2021; 12:1792084. [PMID: 32643525 PMCID: PMC7531505 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1792084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches now allow for the production of therapeutic antibodies by healthy or cancerous human tissues directly in vivo, and, with an increasing number of gene delivery methods available, the cell type for expression can be chosen. Yet, little is known about the biophysical changes introduced by expressing antibodies from producer cells or tissues targeted by gene therapy approaches, nor about the consequences for the type of glycosylation. The effects of different glycosylation on therapeutic antibodies have been well studied by controlling their glycan compositions in non-human mammalian production cells, i.e., Chinese hamster ovary cells. Therefore, we investigated the glycosylation state of clinically approved antibodies secreted from cancer tissues frequently targeted by in vivo gene therapy, using native mass spectrometry and glycoproteomics. We found that antibody sialylation and fucosylation depended on the producer tissue and the antibody isotype, allowing us to identify optimal producer cell types according to the desired mode of action of the antibody. Furthermore, we discovered that high amounts (>20%) of non-glycosylated antibodies were produced in cells sensitive to the action of the produced antibodies. Different glycosylation in different producer cells can translate into an altered potency of in-vivo produced antibodies, depending on the desired mode of action, and can affect their serum half-lives. These results increase our knowledge about antibodies produced from cells targeted by gene therapy, enabling development of improved cancer gene therapy vectors that can include in vivo glycoengineering of expressed antibodies to optimize their efficacies, depending on the desired mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sheena N Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Szőke D, Kovács G, Kemecsei É, Bálint L, Szoták-Ajtay K, Aradi P, Styevkóné Dinnyés A, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, Karikó K, Kataru RP, Hope MJ, Weissman D, Mehrara BJ, Pardi N, Jakus Z. Nucleoside-modified VEGFC mRNA induces organ-specific lymphatic growth and reverses experimental lymphedema. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3460. [PMID: 34103491 PMCID: PMC8187400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack or dysfunction of the lymphatics leads to secondary lymphedema formation that seriously reduces the function of the affected organs and results in degradation of quality of life. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option for lymphedema. Here, we utilized nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding murine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGFC) to stimulate lymphatic growth and function and reduce experimental lymphedema in mouse models. We demonstrated that administration of a single low-dose of VEGFC mRNA-LNPs induced durable, organ-specific lymphatic growth and formation of a functional lymphatic network. Importantly, VEGFC mRNA-LNP treatment reversed experimental lymphedema by restoring lymphatic function without inducing any obvious adverse events. Collectively, we present a novel application of the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP platform, describe a model for identifying the organ-specific physiological and pathophysiological roles of the lymphatics, and propose an efficient and safe treatment option that may serve as a novel therapeutic tool to reduce lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szőke
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kemecsei
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Szoták-Ajtay
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Aradi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Styevkóné Dinnyés
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Raghu P Kataru
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Drew Weissman
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Sivaccumar J, Sandomenico A, Vitagliano L, Ruvo M. Monoclonal Antibodies: A Prospective and Retrospective View. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:435-471. [PMID: 32072887 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200219142231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of biotherapeutic agents. They are used to cure many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis-related diseases and, more recently also haemophilia. They can be highly varied in terms of format, source, and specificity to improve efficacy and to obtain more targeted applications. This can be achieved by leaving substantially unchanged the basic structural components for paratope clustering. OBJECTIVES The objective was to trace the most relevant findings that have deserved prestigious awards over the years, to report the most important clinical applications and to emphasize their latest emerging therapeutic trends. RESULTS We report the most relevant milestones and new technologies adopted for antibody development. Recent efforts in generating new engineered antibody-based formats are briefly reviewed. The most important antibody-based molecules that are (or are going to be) used for pharmacological practice have been collected in useful tables. CONCLUSION The topics here discussed prove the undisputed role of mAbs as innovative biopharmaceuticals molecules and as vital components of targeted pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala Sivaccumar
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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26
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Yang A, Kantor B, Chiba-Falek O. APOE: The New Frontier in the Development of a Therapeutic Target towards Precision Medicine in Late-Onset Alzheimer's. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1244. [PMID: 33513969 PMCID: PMC7865856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a critical unmet medical need. The consensus around the amyloid cascade hypothesis has been guiding pre-clinical and clinical research to focus mainly on targeting beta-amyloid for treating AD. Nevertheless, the vast majority of the clinical trials have repeatedly failed, prompting the urgent need to refocus on other targets and shifting the paradigm of AD drug development towards precision medicine. One such emerging target is apolipoprotein E (APOE), identified nearly 30 years ago as one of the strongest and most reproduceable genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). An exploration of APOE as a new therapeutic culprit has produced some very encouraging results, proving that the protein holds promise in the context of LOAD therapies. Here, we review the strategies to target APOE based on state-of-the-art technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, and gene/base editing. We discuss the potential of these initiatives in advancing the development of novel precision medicine therapies to LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yang
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Boris Kantor
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Viral Vector Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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27
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Electroporation outperforms in vivo-jetPEI for intratumoral DNA-based reporter gene transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19532. [PMID: 33177564 PMCID: PMC7659317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral delivery of drug-encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) enables localised in vivo expression of biological drugs, offering an attractive alternative to conventional protein treatment. However, this requires physical or chemical methods to enhance the low transfection efficiency of naked pDNA. Electroporation and complexation with the polycation in vivo-jetPEI are both evaluated in the clinic for intratumoral pDNA delivery, but lack head-to-head comparison. This study therefore compared both methods for intratumoral DNA-based reporter gene transfer in a subcutaneous mouse tumour model. Intratumoral electroporation resulted in strong reporter expression that was restricted to the tumour area and persisted for at least ten days. Intratumoral expression after injection of pDNA-jetPEI complexes was two to three logs lower, did not exceed the background in most mice, and lasted less than five days even with repeated dosing. Remarkably, reporter expression was primarily detected in the lungs, presumably due to leakage of pDNA-jetPEI complexes into the systemic circulation. In conclusion, electroporation enabled more efficient, prolonged and tumour-specific reporter expression compared to intratumoral injection of pDNA complexed with in vivo-jetPEI. These results favour the use of electroporation for intratumoral DNA-based gene transfer, and suggest further optimisation of pDNA-jetPEI complexes is needed to improve their efficacy and biosafety.
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28
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Khoshnejad M, Dia Y, Patel A, Xu Z, Zhu X, Yun K, Wojtak K, Qureshi R, Humeau L, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. DNA-Encoded Glutamine Synthetase Enzyme as Ammonia-Lowering Therapeutic for Hyperammonemia. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:379-391. [PMID: 32907467 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a dangerous life-threatening metabolic complication characterized by markedly elevated ammonia levels that can lead to irreversible brain damage if not carefully monitored. Current pharmacological treatment strategies available for hyperammonemia patients are suboptimal and associated with major side effects. In this study, we focus on developing and evaluating the in vivo delivery of novel DNA-encoded glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes for the treatment of hyperammonemia. Direct in vivo delivered DNA-encoded GS enzyme was evaluated in ammonium acetate-induced hyperammonemia and thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury (ALI) models in C57BL/6 mice. In ammonium acetate-induced hyperammonemia model, we achieved a 30.5% decrease in blood ammonia levels 15 min postadministration of ammonium acetate, with DNA-encoded GS-treated group. Significant increase in survival was observed in ALI model with the treated mice. A comparison of the secreted versus intracellular DNA-encoded GS enzyme demonstrated similar increases in survival in the ALI model, with 40% mortality in the secreted enzymes and 30% mortality in the intracellular enzymes, as compared with 90% mortality in the control group. Direct in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded GS demonstrated important ammonia-lowering potential. These results provide the initial steps toward development of delivered DNA as a potential new approach to ammonia-lowering therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Khoshnejad
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kun Yun
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wojtak
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehman Qureshi
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Schultheis K, Pugh HM, Oh J, Nguyen J, Yung B, Reed C, Cooch N, Chen J, Yan J, Muthumani K, Humeau LM, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Smith TRF. Active immunoprophylaxis with a synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus scFv-Fc fusion protein confers protection against infection and durable activity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2165-2175. [PMID: 32544376 PMCID: PMC7553682 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1748979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is a major threat to many vulnerable populations. There are currently no approved vaccines, and RSV remains a high unmet global medical need. Here we describe the employment of a novel synthetic DNA-encoded antibody technology platform to develop and deliver an engineered human DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (dMAbTM) targeting the fusion protein (F) of RSV as a new approach to prevention or therapy of at risk populations. In in vivo models, a single administration of synthetic DNA-encoding the single-chain fragment variable-constant fragment (scFv-Fc) RSV-F dMAb resulted in robust and durable circulating levels of a functional antibody systemically and in mucosal tissue. In cotton rats, which are the gold-standard animals to model RSV infection, we observed sustained scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb in the sera and lung-lavage samples, demonstrating the potential for both long-lasting immunity to RSV and effective biodistribution. The scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb harbored in the sera exhibited RSV antigen-specific binding and potent viral neutralizing activity. Importantly, in vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoding, the scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb protected animals against viral challenge. Our findings support the significance of dMAbs as a potential platform technology for durable protection against RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly M Pugh
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Janet Oh
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Yung
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Charles Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Neil Cooch
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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DNA-based delivery of anti-DR5 Nanobodies improves exposure and anti-tumor efficacy over protein-based administration. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:828-838. [PMID: 32733055 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies present an appealing class of potential cancer therapeutics. The current study explores the in vivo expression of these molecules through DNA-encoded delivery. We hypothesized that this approach could address the rapid clearance of Nanobodies and, through half-life modulation, increase the produced levels in circulation. We therefore evaluated pharmacokinetics and efficacy of variants of an anti-death receptor 5 Nanobody (NbDR5), either monovalent or multivalent with half-life extension properties, after DNA-based administration. Intramuscular electrotransfer of a monovalent NbDR5-encoding plasmid (pNbDR5) did not result in detectable plasma levels in BALB/c mice. A tetravalent NbDR5-encoding plasmid (pNbDR54) provided peak concentrations of 54 ng/mL, which remained above 24 ng/mL during a 12-week follow-up. DNA-based delivery of these Nanobody formats fused to a Nanobody binding to serum albumin (NbSA), pNbDR5-NbSA and pNbDR54-NbSA, resulted in significantly higher plasma levels, with peak titers of 5.2 and 7.7 µg/mL, respectively. In an athymic-nude mice COLO 205 colon-cancer model, a quadrupled intramuscular DNA dose led to peak plasma levels of 270 ng/mL for pNbDR54 and 38 µg/mL for pNbDR54-NbSA. Potent anti-tumor responses were only observed for pNbDR54, following either intramuscular or intratumoral delivery. Despite comparable in vitro activity and superior plasma exposure, NbDR54-NbSA was less effective than NbDR54 in vivo, regardless of whether delivered as DNA or protein. Overall, DNA-based Nanobody delivery resulted in more potent and durable anti-tumor responses than protein-based Nanobody delivery. In conclusion, this study demonstrates pre-clinical proof of concept for DNA-based Nanobodies in oncology and highlights the improved outcome over conventional protein administration.
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Biswas M, Yamazaki T, Chiba J, Akashi-Takamura S. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Influenza: Passive Immunotherapy and Intranasal Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030424. [PMID: 32751206 PMCID: PMC7565570 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. The high diversity of viral envelope proteins permits viruses to escape host immunity. Therefore, the development of a universal vaccine and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is essential for controlling various mutant viruses. Here, we review some potentially valuable bnAbs for influenza; one is a novel passive immunotherapy using a variable domain of heavy chain-only antibody (VHH), and the other is polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) induced by intranasal vaccination. Recently, it was reported that a tetravalent multidomain antibody (MDAb) was developed by genetic fusion of four VHHs, which are bnAbs against the influenza A or B viruses. The transfer of a gene encoding the MDAb–Fc fusion protein provided cross-protection against both influenza A and B viruses in vivo. An intranasal universal influenza vaccine, which can induce neutralizing pIgAs in the upper respiratory tract, is currently undergoing clinical studies. A recent study has revealed that tetrameric IgAs formed in nasal mucosa are more broadly protective against influenza than the monomeric and dimeric forms. These broadly neutralizing antibodies have high potential to control the currently circulating influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjoy Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
| | - Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-56-162-3311
| | - Joe Chiba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
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Martinez-Navio JM, Fuchs SP, Mendes DE, Rakasz EG, Gao G, Lifson JD, Desrosiers RC. Long-Term Delivery of an Anti-SIV Monoclonal Antibody With AAV. Front Immunol 2020; 11:449. [PMID: 32256496 PMCID: PMC7089924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term delivery of anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies using adeno-associated virus (AAV) holds promise for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. We previously reported that after receiving a single administration of AAV vector coding for anti-SIV antibody 5L7, monkey 84-05 achieved high levels of AAV-delivered 5L7 IgG1 in vivo which conferred sterile protection against six successive, escalating dose, intravenous challenges with highly infectious, highly pathogenic SIVmac239, including a final challenge with 10 animal infectious doses (1). Here we report that monkey 84-05 has successfully maintained 240-350 μg/ml of anti-SIV antibody 5L7 for over 6 years. Approximately 2% of the circulating IgG in this monkey is this one monoclonal antibody. This monkey generated little or no anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to the AAV-delivered antibody for the duration of the study. Due to the nature of the high-dose challenge used and in order to rule out a potential low-level infection not detected by regular viral loads, we have used ultrasensitive techniques to detect cell-associated viral DNA and RNA in PBMCs from this animal. In addition, we have tested serum from 84-05 by ELISA against overlapping peptides spanning the whole envelope sequence for SIVmac239 (PepScan) and against recombinant p27 and gp41 proteins. No reactivity has been detected in the ELISAs indicating the absence of naturally arising anti-SIV antibodies; moreover, the ultrasensitive cell-associated viral tests yielded no positive reaction. We conclude that macaque 84-05 was effectively protected and remained uninfected. Our data show that durable, continuous antibody expression can be achieved after one single administration of AAV and support the potential for lifelong protection against HIV from a single vector administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Martinez-Navio
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sebastian P. Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Desiree E. Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ronald C. Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Jacobs L, De Smidt E, Geukens N, Declerck P, Hollevoet K. DNA-Based Delivery of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Muscle and Tumor Enables Long-Term Responses with Distinct Exposure. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1068-1077. [PMID: 32101701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies elicit impressive clinical responses, but still face several issues. The current study evaluated whether DNA-based delivery can broaden the application of checkpoint inhibitors, specifically by pursuing cost-efficient in vivo production, facilitating combination therapies, and exploring administration routes that lower immune-related toxicity risks. We therefore optimized plasmid-encoded anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, and studied their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics when delivered alone and in combination via intramuscular or intratumoral electroporation in mice. Intramuscular electrotransfer of these DNA-based antibodies induced complete regressions in a subcutaneous MC38 tumor model, with plasma concentrations up to 4 and 14 μg/mL for anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, respectively, and antibody detection for at least 6 months. Intratumoral antibody gene electrotransfer gave similar anti-tumor responses as the intramuscular approach. Antibody plasma levels, however, were up to 70-fold lower and substantially more transient, potentially improving biosafety of the expressed checkpoint inhibitors. Intratumoral delivery also generated a systemic anti-tumor response, illustrated by moderate abscopal effects and prolonged protection of cured mice against a tumor rechallenge. In conclusion, intramuscular and intratumoral DNA-based delivery of checkpoint inhibitors both enabled long-term anti-tumor responses despite distinct systemic antibody exposure, highlighting the potential of the tumor as delivery site for DNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl Jacobs
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; PharmAbs - The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs - The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; PharmAbs - The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Antibody immunotherapy is revolutionizing modern medicine. The field has advanced dramatically over the past 40 years, driven in part by major advances in isolation and manufacturing technologies that have brought these important biologics to the forefront of modern medicine. However, the global uptake of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biologics is impeded by biophysical and biochemical liabilities, production limitations, the need for cold-chain storage and transport, as well as high costs of manufacturing and distribution. Some of these hurdles may be overcome through transient in vivo gene delivery platforms, such as non-viral synthetic plasmid DNA and messenger RNA vectors that are engineered to encode optimized mAb genes. These approaches turn the body into a biological factory for antibody production, eliminating many of the steps involved in bioprocesses and providing several other significant advantages, and differ from traditional gene therapy (permanent delivery) approaches. In this review, we focus on nucleic acid delivery of antibody employing synthetic plasmid DNA vector platforms, and RNA delivery, these being important approaches that are advancing simple, rapid, in vivo expression and having an impact in animal models of infectious diseases and cancer, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Thomas OS, Weber W. Overcoming Physiological Barriers to Nanoparticle Delivery-Are We There Yet? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:415. [PMID: 31921819 PMCID: PMC6928054 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of nanosized materials for the delivery of therapeutic agents is already a clinical reality and still holds unrealized potential for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review discusses physiological barriers a nanocarrier must overcome in order to reach its target, with an emphasis on cancer nanomedicine. Stages of delivery include residence in the blood stream, passive accumulation by virtue of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, diffusion within the tumor lesion, cellular uptake, and arrival at the site of action. We also briefly outline strategies for engineering nanoparticles to more efficiently overcome these challenges: Increasing circulation half-life by shielding with hydrophilic polymers, such as PEG, the limitations of PEG and potential alternatives, targeting and controlled activation approaches. Future developments in these areas will allow us to harness the full potential of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Thomas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Handumrongkul C, Ye AL, Chmura SA, Soroceanu L, Mack M, Ice RJ, Thistle R, Myers M, Ursu SJ, Liu Y, Kashani-Sabet M, Heath TD, Liggitt D, Lewis DB, Debs R. Durable multitransgene expression in vivo using systemic, nonviral DNA delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0217. [PMID: 31807699 PMCID: PMC6881169 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are transforming therapies for rare human monogenic deficiency diseases. However, adaptive immune responses to AAV and its limited DNA insert capacity, restrict their therapeutic potential. HEDGES (high-level extended duration gene expression system), a nonviral DNA- and liposome-based gene delivery platform, overcomes these limitations in immunocompetent mice. Specifically, one systemic HEDGES injection durably produces therapeutic levels of transgene-encoded human proteins, including FDA-approved cytokines and monoclonal antibodies, without detectable integration into genomic DNA. HEDGES also controls protein production duration from <3 weeks to >1.5 years, does not induce anti-vector immune responses, is reexpressed for prolonged periods following reinjection, and produces only transient minimal toxicity. HEDGES can produce extended therapeutic levels of multiple transgene-encoded therapeutic human proteins from DNA inserts >1.5-fold larger than AAV-based therapeutics, thus creating combinatorial interventions to effectively treat common polygenic diseases driven by multigenic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Ice
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Thistle
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah J. Ursu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- DNARx LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Debs
- DNARx LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Hollevoet K, De Vleeschauwer S, De Smidt E, Vermeire G, Geukens N, Declerck P. Bridging the Clinical Gap for DNA-Based Antibody Therapy Through Translational Studies in Sheep. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1431-1443. [PMID: 31382777 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of DNA-based administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is uncertain due to lack of large animal data. To bridge the clinical gap, we evaluated a panel of novel plasmid DNA (pDNA)-encoded mAbs in 40-70 kg sheep with a clinical intramuscular electroporation protocol. Injection of 4.8 mg of pDNA, encoding ovine anti-human CEA mAb (OVAC), led to peak plasma mAb titers of 300 ng/mL. OVAC remained detectable for 3 months and was boosted by a second pOVAC administration. Hyaluronidase muscle pretreatment increased OVAC concentrations up to 10-fold. These higher plasma titers, however, led to anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) toward the OVAC variable regions, resulting in loss of mAb detection and of adequate redosing. Transient immune suppression avoided ADA formation, with OVAC peaking at 3.5 μg/mL and remaining detectable for 11 months after pOVAC injection. DNA-based delivery of ovine anti-human EGFR mAb (OVAE), identical to OVAC except for the variable regions, preceded by hyaluronidase, allowed for at least three consecutive administrations in an immune-competent sheep, without ADA response. When tripling the pOVAE dose to 15 mg, transient ADAs of limited impact were observed; plasma OVAE peaked at 2.6 μg/mL and was detected up to 7 months. DNA-based anti-HER2 trastuzumab in sheep gave no detectable mAb concentrations despite previous validation in mice, highlighting the limitations of relying on small-rodent data only. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential and caveats of clinical DNA-based antibody therapy, can expedite preclinical and clinical development, and benefit the field of gene transfer as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Schlake T, Thess A, Thran M, Jordan I. mRNA as novel technology for passive immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:301-328. [PMID: 30334070 PMCID: PMC6339677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While active immunization elicits a lasting immune response by the body, passive immunotherapy transiently equips the body with exogenously generated immunological effectors in the form of either target-specific antibodies or lymphocytes functionalized with target-specific receptors. In either case, administration or expression of recombinant proteins plays a fundamental role. mRNA prepared by in vitro transcription (IVT) is increasingly appreciated as a drug substance for delivery of recombinant proteins. With its biological role as transient carrier of genetic information translated into protein in the cytoplasm, therapeutic application of mRNA combines several advantages. For example, compared to transfected DNA, mRNA harbors inherent safety features. It is not associated with the risk of inducing genomic changes and potential adverse effects are only temporary due to its transient nature. Compared to the administration of recombinant proteins produced in bioreactors, mRNA allows supplying proteins that are difficult to manufacture and offers extended pharmacokinetics for short-lived proteins. Based on great progress in understanding and manipulating mRNA properties, efficacy data in various models have now demonstrated that IVT mRNA constitutes a potent and flexible platform technology. Starting with an introduction into passive immunotherapy, this review summarizes the current status of IVT mRNA technology and its application to such immunological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schlake
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Thess
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Thran
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Jordan
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Duperret EK, Trautz A, Stoltz R, Patel A, Wise MC, Perales-Puchalt A, Smith T, Broderick KE, Masteller E, Kim J, Humeau L, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Synthetic DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Delivery of Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies Induces Tumor Shrinkage In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6363-6370. [PMID: 30287678 PMCID: PMC6239932 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based immune therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have affected cancer therapy. However, this immune therapy requires complex manufacturing and frequent dosing, limiting the global use of this treatment. Here, we focused on the development of a DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) approach for delivery of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies in vivo With this technology, engineered and formulated DMAb plasmids encoding IgG inserts were directly injected into muscle and delivered intracellularly by electroporation, leading to in vivo expression and secretion of the encoded IgG. DMAb expression from a single dose can continue for several months without the need for repeated administration. Delivery of an optimized DMAb encoding anti-mouse CTLA-4 IgG resulted in high serum levels of the antibody as well as tumor regression in Sa1N and CT26 tumor models. DNA-delivery of the anti-human CTLA-4 antibodies ipilimumab and tremelimumab in mice achieved potent peak levels of approximately 85 and 58 μg/mL, respectively. These DMAb exhibited prolonged expression, with maintenance of serum levels at or above 15 μg/mL for over a year. Anti-human CTLA-4 DMAbs produced in vivo bound to human CTLA-4 protein expressed on stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced T-cell activation in a functional assay ex vivo In summary, direct in vivo expression of DMAb encoding checkpoint inhibitors serves as a novel tool for immunotherapy that could significantly improve availability and provide broader access to such therapies.Significance: DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies represent a novel technology for delivery and expression of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, thus expanding patient access to, and possible clinical applications of, these therapies. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6363-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aspen Trautz
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Regina Stoltz
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA,Corresponding author: David B. Weiner, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
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40
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Neutralizing Anti-Hemagglutinin Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Gene-Based Transfer Have Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects on Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030035. [PMID: 29949942 PMCID: PMC6161145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is a major target for vaccines. HA initiates the internalization of the virus into the host cell by binding to host sialic acid receptors; therefore, inhibition of HA can significantly prevent influenza virus infection. However, the high diversity of HA permits the influenza virus to escape from host immunity. Moreover, the vaccine efficacy is poor in some high-risk populations (e.g., elderly or immunocompromised patients). Passive immunization with anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an attractive therapy; however, this method has high production costs and requires repeated inoculations. To address these issues, several methods for long-term expression of mAb against influenza virus have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of methods using plasmid and viral adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that have been modified for higher expression of neutralizing antibodies in the host. We also examine two methods of injection, electro-transfer and hydrodynamic injection. Our results show that antibody gene transfer is effective against influenza virus infection even in immunocompromised mice, and antibody expression was detected in the serum and upper respiratory tract. We also demonstrate this method to be effective following influenza virus infection. Finally, we discuss the perspective of passive immunization with antibody gene transfer for future clinical trials.
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41
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Clinical application of cell, gene and tissue therapies in Spain. Rev Clin Esp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Prolonged in vivo expression and anti-tumor response of DNA-based anti-HER2 antibodies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13623-13636. [PMID: 29568382 PMCID: PMC5862603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody gene transfer presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody protein therapy. This pre-clinical study evaluates the impact of various parameters on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of in vivo expressed DNA-based anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), newly engineered and delivered via intramuscular electrotransfer in mice. Plasma concentrations of trastuzumab and 4D5, its murine IgG1 equivalent, peaked on average between 1–15 µg/ml, depending on the administration and configuration of the encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA). A dual expression cassette system outperformed a single 2A-based cassette, and the CAG promoter was superior to a muscle-specific ΔUSE-based promoter. A ‘gene therapy-compatible’ Gene Transport Unit (gtGTU, FIT Biotech), a plasmid backbone that co-encodes viral elements, failed to improve in vivo reporter and mAb expression compared to a conventional plasmid. In BALB/c mice, trastuzumab detection was lost within two weeks after pDNA administration due to anti-drug antibodies. This host immune response was addressed by expressing trastuzumab in immune-compromised mice, or by gene transfer of murine 4D5 in BALB/c mice. Both approaches maintained single-digit µg/ml mAb concentrations for at least six to nine months, and allowed to boost mAb expression over time by pDNA re-dosing. In a breast cancer mouse model, prophylactic and therapeutic DNA-based trastuzumab or 4D5 led to complete tumor regressions, thereby rivalling with the administration of milligrams of mAb protein. In conclusion, our study demonstrates proof of concept for antibody gene transfer in cancer, provides critical insights in the engineering and application of DNA-based antibodies, and serves to advance this modality in oncology and beyond.
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43
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Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:261-279. [PMID: 29326426 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2261] [Impact Index Per Article: 376.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. However, their application has until recently been restricted by the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. Recent technological advances have now largely overcome these issues, and multiple mRNA vaccine platforms against infectious diseases and several types of cancer have demonstrated encouraging results in both animal models and humans. This Review provides a detailed overview of mRNA vaccines and considers future directions and challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform to widespread therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Frederick W Porter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Increasing the Clinical Potential and Applications of Anti-HIV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29234320 PMCID: PMC5712301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early human clinical studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to prevent and treat HIV infection support the clinical utility and potential of bNAbs for prevention, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment of acute and chronic infection. Observed and potential limitations of bNAbs from these recent studies include the selection of resistant viral populations, immunogenicity resulting in the development of antidrug (Ab) responses, and the potentially toxic elimination of reservoir cells in regeneration-limited tissues. Here, we review opportunities to improve the clinical utility of HIV Abs to address these challenges and further accomplish functional targets for anti-HIV Ab therapy at various stages of exposure/infection. Before exposure, bNAbs' ability to serve as prophylaxis by neutralization may be improved by increasing serum half-life to necessitate less frequent administration, delivering genes for durable in vivo expression, and targeting bNAbs to sites of exposure. After exposure and/or in the setting of acute infection, bNAb use to prevent/reduce viral reservoir establishment and spread may be enhanced by increasing the potency with which autologous adaptive immune responses are stimulated, clearing acutely infected cells, and preventing cell-cell transmission of virus. In the setting of chronic infection, bNAbs may better mediate viral remission or "cure" in combination with antiretroviral therapy and/or latency reversing agents, by targeting additional markers of tissue reservoirs or infected cell types, or by serving as targeting moieties in engineered cell therapy. While the clinical use of HIV Abs has never been closer, remaining studies to precisely define, model, and understand the complex roles and dynamics of HIV Abs and viral evolution in the context of the human immune system and anatomical compartmentalization will be critical to both optimize their clinical use in combination with existing agents and define further strategies with which to enhance their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K. Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Gálvez-Martín P, Ruiz A, Clares B. Clinical application of cell, gene and tissue therapies in Spain. Rev Clin Esp 2017; 218:199-206. [PMID: 29032959 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scientific and technical advances in the areas of biomedicine and regenerative medicine have enabled the development of new treatments known as "advanced therapies", which encompass cell therapy, genetics and tissue engineering. The biologic products that can be manufactured from these elements are classified from the standpoint of the Spanish Agency of Medication and Health Products in advanced drug therapies, blood products and transplants. This review seeks to provide scientific and administrative information for clinicians on the use of these biologic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gálvez-Martín
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| | - A Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - B Clares
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
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