1
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Mushtaq S, Azam Khan MK, Alam Khan MQ, Rathore MA, Parveen B, Noor M, Ghani E, Tahir AB, Tipu HN, Lin B. Comparison of immune response to SARS-COV-2 vaccine in COVID-recovered versus non-infected Individuals. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2267-2273. [PMID: 36802308 PMCID: PMC9942049 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To determine the antibody levels at 6 months in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals in COVID-recovered versus non-infected groups to determine the need to administer booster COVID vaccine in each group. Prospective longitudinal study. Pathology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore for a period of eight months from July 2021 to February 2022. Two hundred and thirty three study participants in both COVID recovered and non-infected groups (105 participants in infected group, 128 participants in non-infected group) were subjected to blood sampling at 6 months post-vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody test was done using Chemiluminescence method. Comparison of antibody levels between COVID-recovered and non-infected groups was made. Results were compiled and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21. Out of 233 study participants, males were 183 (78%) while females were 50 (22%), mean age being 35.93 years ± 8.298. Mean Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG levels among COVID-recovered group was 1342 U/ml and among non-infected group was 828 U/ml at 6 months post-vaccination. Mean antibody titers in COVID-19 recovered group are higher than in non-infected group at 6 months post-vaccination in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bushra Parveen
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Noor
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Eijaz Ghani
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Biaoyang Lin
- University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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2
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Vedelago C, Li J, Lowry K, Howard C, Wuethrich A, Trau M. A Multiplexed SERS Microassay for Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1648-1657. [PMID: 37026968 PMCID: PMC10081832 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants play an important role in predicting patient outcome during postinfection, and with growing fears of COVID-19 reservoirs in domestic and wild animals, it is necessary to adapt detection systems for variant detection. However, variant-specific detection remains challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a sensitive and multiplexing technique that allows the simultaneous detection of multiple targets for accurate identification. Here we propose the development of a multiplex SERS microassay to detect both the spike and nucleocapsid structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The designed SERS microassay integrates gold-silver hollow nanobox barcodes and electrohydrodynamically induced nanomixing which in combination enables highly specific and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and the S-protein epitopes to delineate between ancestral prevariant strains with the newer variants of concern, Delta and Omicron. The microassay allows detection from as low as 20 virus/μL and 50 pg/mL RBD protein and can clearly identify the virus among infected versus healthy nasopharyngeal swabs, with the potential to identify between variants. The detection of both S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and the differentiation of variants on the SERS microassay can aid the early detection of COVID-19 to reduce transmission rates and lead into adequate treatments for those severely affected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Vedelago
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Junrong Li
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kym Lowry
- The Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases (QIPD)
Sakzewski Research Group, Queensland Children’s
Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for
Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital,
Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Christopher Howard
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072,
Australia
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3
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Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Di Maria C, Sciacca E, Mancuso S, Vancheri C, Sambataro G. An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:375-401. [PMID: 37091823 PMCID: PMC10113162 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been widely considered as part of the control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), to detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has been widely studied as a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared to laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper and user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon after the onset of the pandemic, numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on the market with an emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists have tried to better define the accuracy of these tests and their usefulness in different contexts. In fact, while during the first phase of the pandemic LFIAs for antibody detection were auxiliary to molecular tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19, successively these tests became a tool of seroprevalence surveillance to address infection control policies. When in 2021 a massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, the interest in LFIA reemerged due to the need to establish the extent and the longevity of immunization in the vaccinated population and to establish priorities to guide health policies in low-income countries with limited access to vaccines. Here, we summarize the accuracy, the advantages and limits of LFIAs as POC tests for antibody detection, highlighting the efforts that have been made to improve this technology over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Comparative Performance of Serological (IgM/IgG) and Molecular Testing (RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in Three Private Universities in Cameroon during the Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020407. [PMID: 36851621 PMCID: PMC9966400 DOI: 10.3390/v15020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 remains a rapidly evolving and deadly pandemic worldwide. This necessitates the continuous assessment of existing diagnostic tools for a robust, up-to-date, and cost-effective pandemic response strategy. We sought to determine the infection rate (PCR-positivity) and degree of spread (IgM/IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 in three university settings in Cameroon Method: Study volunteers were recruited from November 2020 to July 2021 among COVID-19 non-vaccinated students in three Universities from two regions of Cameroon (West and Centre). Molecular testing was performed by RT-qPCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma were detected using the Abbott Panbio IgM/IgG rapid diagnostic test (RDT) at the Virology Laboratory of CREMER/IMPM/MINRESI. The molecular and serological profiles were compared, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Amongst the 291 participants enrolled (mean age 22.59 ± 10.43 years), 19.59% (57/291) were symptomatic and 80.41% (234/291) were asymptomatic. The overall COVID-19 PCR-positivity rate was 21.31% (62/291), distributed as follows: 25.25% from UdM-Bangangte, 27.27% from ISSBA-Yaounde, and 5% from IUEs/INSAM-Yaounde. Women were more affected than men (28.76% [44/153] vs. 13.04% [18/138], p < 0.0007), and had higher seropositivity rates to IgM+/IgG+ (15.69% [24/153] vs. 7.25% [10/138], p < 0.01). Participants from Bangangté, the nomadic, and the "non-contact cases" primarily presented an active infection compared to those from Yaoundé (p= 0.05, p = 0.05, and p = 0.01, respectively). Overall IgG seropositivity (IgM-/IgG+ and IgM+/IgG+) was 24.4% (71/291). A proportion of 26.92% (7/26) presenting COVID-19 IgM+/IgG- had negative PCR vs. 73.08% (19/26) with positive PCR, p < 0.0001. Furthermore, 17.65% (6/34) with COVID-19 IgM+/IgG+ had a negative PCR as compared to 82.35% with a positive PCR (28/34), p < 0.0001. Lastly, 7.22% (14/194) with IgM-/IgG- had a positive PCR. CONCLUSION This study calls for a rapid preparedness and response strategy in higher institutes in the case of any future pathogen with pandemic or epidemic potential. The observed disparity between IgG/IgM and the viral profile supports prioritizing assays targeting the virus (nucleic acid or antigen) for diagnosis and antibody screening for sero-surveys.
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5
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Yilmaz A, Turan N, Kocazeybek BS, Dinc HO, Tali HE, Aydin O, Tali HB, Yilmaz SG, Konukoglu D, Borekci S, Bold D, Roman Sosa G, Gungordu N, Vardaloglu I, Gareayaghi N, Guzel M, Guner E, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Iqbal M, Richt JA, Yilmaz H. Development of in House ELISAs to Detect Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Infected and Vaccinated Humans by Using Recombinant S, S1 and RBD Proteins. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:3085. [PMID: 36553092 PMCID: PMC9777145 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to produce in-house ELISAs which can be used to determine SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels directed against the spike protein (S), the S1 subunit of S and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and infected humans. (2) Methods: Three in-house ELISAs were developed by using recombinant proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely the S, S1 and RBD proteins. Specificity and sensitivity evaluations of these tests were performed using sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected (n = 70) and SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated (n = 222; CoronaVac vaccine) humans in Istanbul, Turkey. The analyses for the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were performed using the in-house ELISAs, a commercial ELISA (Abbott) and a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). We also analyzed archival human sera (n = 50) collected before the emergence of COVID-19 cases in Turkey. (3) Results: The sensitivity of the in-house S, S1 and RBD ELISAs was found to be 88.44, 90.17 and 95.38%, while the specificity was 72.27, 89.08 and 89.92%, respectively, when compared to the commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody test kit. The area under curve (AUC) values were 0.777 for the in-house S ELISA, 0.926 for the S1 ELISA, and 0.959 for the RBD ELISA. The kappa values were 0.62, 0.79 and 0.86 for the S, S1 and RBD ELISAs, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The in-house S1 and RBD ELISAs developed in this study have acceptable performance characteristics in terms of sensitivity, specificity, AUC and kappa values. In particular, the RBD ELISA seems viable to determine SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels, both in infected and vaccinated people, and help mitigate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Bekir Sami Kocazeybek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Harika Oyku Dinc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Hasan Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Hamid Besim Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Semaha Gul Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Department of Biocehmistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gleyder Roman Sosa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nejdiye Gungordu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Ilgim Vardaloglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gareayaghi
- Sisli, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospiatal, Blood Center, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Mine Guzel
- Biruni Laboratories, Esentepe, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Ebru Guner
- Biruni Laboratories, Esentepe, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | | | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
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6
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Spicuzza L, Sambataro G, Bonsignore M, Mancuso S, Pistorio MP, Vancheri C. Point of care antibody detection assays for past SARS-CoV-2 infection are accurate over the time. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:464-466. [PMID: 35139730 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2036810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Vancheri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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7
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Sookaromdee P, Wiwanitkit V. ELISA IgG versus CMIA IgG for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_226_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Javadi Mamaghani A, Arab-Mazar Z, Heidarzadeh S, Ranjbar MM, Molazadeh S, Rashidi S, Niazpour F, Naghi Vishteh M, Bashiri H, Bozorgomid A, Behniafar H, Ashrafi M. In-silico design of a multi-epitope for developing sero-diagnosis detection of SARS-CoV-2 using spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid antigens. NETWORK MODELING AND ANALYSIS IN HEALTH INFORMATICS AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 10:61. [PMID: 34849326 PMCID: PMC8614630 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-021-00347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, initially originated from China. In response to this serious life-threatening disease, designing and developing more accurate and sensitive tests are crucial. The aim of this study is designing a multi-epitope of spike and nucleocapsid antigens of COVID-19 virus by bioinformatics methods. The sequences of nucleotides obtained from the NCBI Nucleotide Database. Transmembrane structures of proteins were predicted by TMHMM Server and the prediction of signal peptide of proteins was performed by Signal P Server. B-cell epitopes' prediction was performed by the online prediction server of IEDB server. Beta turn structure of linear epitopes was also performed using the IEDB server. Conformational epitope prediction was performed using the CBTOPE and eventually, eight antigenic epitopes with high physicochemical properties were selected, and then, all eight epitopes were blasted using the NCBI website. The analyses revealed that α-helices, extended strands, β-turns, and random coils were 28.59%, 23.25%, 3.38%, and 44.78% for S protein, 21.24%, 16.71%, 6.92%, and 55.13% for N Protein, respectively. The S and N protein three-dimensional structure was predicted using the prediction I-TASSER server. In the current study, bioinformatics tools were used to design a multi-epitope peptide based on the type of antigen and its physiochemical properties and SVM method (Machine Learning) to design multi-epitopes that have a high avidity against SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to detect infections by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab-Mazar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shima Molazadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Olom Tahghighat Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Niazpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Naghi Vishteh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Behniafar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
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9
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Chansaenroj J, Yorsaeng R, Posuwan N, Puenpa J, Wanlapakorn N, Sudhinaraset N, Sripramote M, Chalongviriyalert P, Jirajariyavej S, Kiatpanabhikul P, Saiyarin J, Soudon C, Thienfaidee O, Palakawong Na Ayuthaya T, Brukesawan C, Chirathaworn C, Intharasongkroh D, Chaiwanichsiri D, Issarasongkhram M, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Nagavajara P, Poovorawan Y. Long-term specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in recovered COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23216. [PMID: 34853374 PMCID: PMC8636620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the long-term immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in patients who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) titer in serum samples collected at a single (N = 302) or multiple time points (N = 229) 3–12 months after COVID-19 symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens was measured by semiquantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The 531 patients (966 specimens) were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumonia symptoms. Anti N IgG was detected in 87.5% of patients (328/375) at 3 months, 38.6% (93/241) at 6 months, 23.7% (49/207) at 9 months, and 26.6% (38/143) at 12 months. The anti-N IgG seropositivity rate was significantly lower at 6, 9, and 12 months than at 3 months (P < 0.01) and was higher in the pneumonia group than in the non-pneumonia/asymptomatic group at 6 months (P < 0.01), 9 months (P = 0.04), and 12 months (P = 0.04). The rate started to decline 6–12 months after symptom onset. Anti-N IgG sample/cutoff index was positively correlated with age (r = 0.192, P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with interval between symptom onset and blood sampling (r = − 0.567, P < 0.01). These findings can guide vaccine strategies in recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Posuwan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manit Sripramote
- Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supunee Jirajariyavej
- Taksin Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul
- Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Saiyarin
- Klang General Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulikorn Soudon
- Sirindhorn Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Thienfaidee
- Ratchaphiphat Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chantapat Brukesawan
- Public Health Center 26, Health Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Tropical Medicine Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mila Issarasongkhram
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pijaya Nagavajara
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Benjamanukul S, Traiyan S, Yorsaeng R, Vichaiwattana P, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Poovorawan Y. Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in health care workers. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1442-1449. [PMID: 34783049 PMCID: PMC8661929 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccines are essential for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. CoronaVac, which is an inactivated virus vaccine, was the first imported COVID‐19 vaccine in Thailand. To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac within the Thai population, we conducted a prospective cohort study among health care workers aged 18–59 years, who received a 2‐dose regimen of CoronaVac 21 days apart between March and April 2021 at the hospital in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. We recruited 185 participants with a mean age of 32 years. Total antibodies against receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) against nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were tested. Total antibodies against RBD were negative before immunization. One volunteer was positive for N, although negative for the RBD antibodies. The seroconversion rate of total antibodies against RBD after the first CoronaVac dose was 67% with a Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of 1.98 U/ml. Following CoronaVac dose 2, the seroconversion rate increased to 100% with a GMC of 92.9 U/ml. The seroconversion rates of IgG against N protein were 1% after dose 1 and 62.8% after dose 2. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 59.5%. Injection‐site pain was the most common local adverse event (52.4%), while myalgia was the most common systemic adverse event (31.9%). No serious adverse events were observed. A 0–21 days, 2‐dose CoronaVac regimen appears safe, inducing a satisfactory response compared with convalescent serum obtained 4–6 weeks postnatural infection. Antibody responses after 2‐dose CoronaVac were comparable to the convalescent plasma but waned rapidly after 3 months. Therefore, we recommend 2‐dose CoronaVac administration with possible booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasiwimon Traiyan
- Department of Pediatric, Allergy and Asthma Unit, Banphaeo General Hospital, Samut Sakhon, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,FRS(T), The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Makoah NA, Tipih T, Litabe MM, Brink M, Sempa JB, Goedhals D, Burt FJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sensitivity of antibody tests for the laboratory confirmation of COVID-19. Future Virol 2021; 17:10.2217/fvl-2021-0211. [PMID: 34950219 PMCID: PMC8686841 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the first week of symptom onset in patients confirmed with the real-time RT-PCR. Materials & methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 publications were performed using data obtained from Academic Search Ultimate, Africa-wide, Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE. Results: We found that the highest pooled sensitivities were obtained with ELISA IgM-IgG and chemiluminescence immunoassay IgM tests. Conclusion: Serological tests have low sensitivity within the first week of symptom onset and cannot replace nucleic acid amplification tests. However, serological assays can be used to support nucleic acid amplification tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel A Makoah
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Thomas Tipih
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Matefo M Litabe
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mareza Brink
- Free State Department of Health, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Joseph B Sempa
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling & Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Dominique Goedhals
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Felicity J Burt
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
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12
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Afzal A, Iqbal N, Feroz S, Ali A, Ehsan MA, Khan SA, Rehman A. Rapid antibody diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immune response. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4019-4037. [PMID: 34555136 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a pandemic scale respiratory illness (COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019) and the lack of the world's readiness to prevent its spread resulted in an unprecedented rise of biomedical diagnostic industries, as they took lead to provide efficient diagnostic solutions for COVID-19. However, these circumstances also led to numerous emergency use authorizations without appropriate evaluation that compromised standards, which could result in a larger than usual number of false-positive or false-negative results, leading to unwanted ambiguity in already confusing realities of the pandemic-hit closures of the world economy. This review is aimed at comparing the claimed or reported clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity of commercially available rapid antibody diagnostics with independently evaluated clinical performance results of the tests. Thereby, we not only present the types of modern antibody diagnostics and their working principles but summarize their experimental evaluations and observed clinical efficiencies to highlight the research, development, and commercialization issues with future challenges. Still, it must be emphasized that the serological or antibody tests do not serve the purpose of early diagnosis but are more suitable for epidemiology and screening populaces with an active immune response, recognizing convalescent plasma donors, and determining vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseer Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Feroz
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Okea A, Sahin D, Chen X, Shang Y. High Throughput Screening for Drug Discovery and Virus Detection. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1518-1533. [PMID: 34382507 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210811124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High throughput screening systems are automated labs for the analysis of many biochemical substances in the drug discovery and virus detection process. This paper was motivated by the problem of automating testing for viruses and new drugs using high throughput screening systems. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the turn of 2019-2020 presented extradentary challenges to public health. Existing approaches to test viruses and new drugs do not use optimal schedules and are not efficient. OBJECTIVE The scheduling of activities performed by various resources in a high throughput screening system affects its efficiency, throughput, operations cost, and quality of screening. This study aims to minimize the total screening (flow) time and ensure the consistency and quality of screening. METHODS This paper develops innovative mixed integer models that efficiently compute optimal schedules for screening many microplates to identify new drugs and determine whether samples contain viruses. The methods integrate job-shop and cyclic scheduling. Experiments are conducted for a drug discovery process of screening an enzymatic assay and a general process of detecting SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The method developed in this article can reduce screening time by as much as 91.67%. CONCLUSION The optimal schedules for high throughput screening systems greatly reduce the total flow time and can be computed efficiently to help discover new drugs and detect viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetola Okea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. United States
| | - Deniz Sahin
- Department of Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Technische Universität Berlin. Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. United States
| | - Ying Shang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indiana Institute of Technology, Fort Wayne. United States
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