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Rattanavipapong W, Poonsiri C, Isaranuwatchai W, Iamsirithaworn S, Apakupakul J, Sonthichai C, Kitphati R, Teerawattananon Y. Economic Evaluation of Evusheld for Preexposure Prevention of COVID-19 in High-Risk Populations: Early Evidence from Thailand. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2023; 21:511-522. [PMID: 36928779 PMCID: PMC10019402 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The introduction of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines urged all Thais to seek prevention of serious illness and death from COVID-19. However, immunocompromised individuals might not be able to achieve an efficient immune response from these vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of introducing Evusheld (tixagevimab plus cilgavimab) for three patient groups-organ transplant, autoimmune disease, and dialysis patients, from the Thai government perspective. METHODS A Markov decision model was developed to compare the use of Evusheld plus COVID-19 vaccines versus COVID-19 vaccines alone. The methodology followed the National HTA Guidelines of Thailand. Model input parameters were collected locally from retrospective data and from a literature review. RESULTS Evusheld helped prevent COVID-19 infection, severe infection, and death in all three patient groups. Using the Thai threshold of 160,000 Thai Baht (THB) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, the only scenario found to be cost-effective was that of dialysis patients with inadequate immune response, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 54,700 THB per QALY gained. To make a policy of Evusheld provision cost-effective in other groups, the price of Evusheld had to be lower (a reduction of 44-88% of its current price). The results of one-way sensitivity analysis indicated that the cost-effectiveness of Evusheld was sensitive to changes in the rate of infection, cost and efficacy of Evusheld, proportion of inadequate immune responses, and the probability of moving from a 'recovered' to 'susceptible' status. CONCLUSION Among three COVID-19-vaccinated immunocompromised patient populations, this study concluded that Evusheld was cost-effective for dialysis patients with inadequate immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Rattanavipapong
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chittawan Poonsiri
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jutarat Apakupakul
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chaninan Sonthichai
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Health Technical Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Chansaenroj J, Yorsaeng R, Puenpa J, Wanlapakorn N, Chirathaworn C, Sudhinaraset N, Sripramote M, Chalongviriyalert P, Jirajariyavej S, Kiatpanabhikul P, Saiyarin J, Soudon C, Thienfaidee O, Ayuthaya TPN, Brukesawan C, Intharasongkroh D, Chaiwanichsiri D, Issarasongkhram M, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Thitithanyanont A, Nagavajara P, Poovorawan Y. Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267102. [PMID: 35446889 PMCID: PMC9022880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 over time in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study. Blood samples were collected at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post symptom onset or detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR (in asymptomatic individuals). The neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 95.2%, 86.7%, 85.0%, and 85.4% of recovered COVID-19 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after symptom onset, respectively. The seropositivity rate of anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers remained at 68.6%, 89.6%, 77.1%, and 85.4%, respectively, at 12 months after symptom onset. We observed a high level of correlation between neutralizing and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody titers. The half-life of neutralizing titers was estimated at 100.7 days (95% confidence interval = 44.5–327.4 days, R2 = 0.106). These results support that the decline in serum antibody levels over time in both participants with severe disease and mild disease were depended on the symptom severity, and the individuals with high IgG antibody titers experienced a significantly longer persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than those with lower titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jira Chansaenroj
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manit Sripramote
- Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supunee Jirajariyavej
- Taksin Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul
- Medical Service Department, Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Saiyarin
- Medical Service Department, Klang General Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulikorn Soudon
- Medical Service Department, Sirindhorn Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Thienfaidee
- Medical Service Department, Ratchaphiphat Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chantapat Brukesawan
- Health Department, Public Health Center 26, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mila Issarasongkhram
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pijaya Nagavajara
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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3
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Yorsaeng R, Suntronwong N, Thongpan I, Chuchaona W, Lestari FB, Pasittungkul S, Puenpa J, Atsawawaranunt K, Sharma C, Sudhinaraset N, Mungaomklang A, Kitphati R, Wanlapakorn N, Poovorawan Y. The impact of COVID-19 and control measures on public health in Thailand, 2020. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12960. [PMID: 35190788 PMCID: PMC8857899 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 virus has been an emerging disease causing global outbreaks for over a year. In Thailand, transmission may be controlled by strict measures that could positively and negatively impact physical health and suicidal behavior. METHODS The incidence of COVID-19 was retrieved from the Department of Disease Control (DDC). The impact of viral diseases was retrieved from the open-source of the DDC and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The road accidents data were from the Thai Ministry of Transport. The suicidal behavior data were obtained from the Department of Mental Health. We compared data from the year 2019 with the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak period in 2020, before lockdown, during lockdown, easing, and new wave period using unpaired t-test and least-squares linear regression. We compared the impact of the outbreak on various data records in 2020 with corresponding non-outbreak from 2019. RESULTS There was a significant decline in cases of influenza (p < 0.001) and norovirus (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in RSV cases (p = 0.17). There was a dramatic increase in attempt to suicides and suicides (p < 0.001). There was no impact on roadside accidents and outpatient department visits. DISCUSSION The extensive intervention measures during lockdown during the first wave positively impacted total cases for each period for acute respiratory and gastrointestinal tract diseases, car accidents, and injuries and negatively impacted indicators of suicidal behavior. The data support government policies that would be effective against the next outbreak by promoting the "new normal" lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Ilada Thongpan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Watchaporn Chuchaona
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Fajar Budi Lestari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Siripat Pasittungkul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Kamolthip Atsawawaranunt
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chollasap Sharma
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Nonthaburi, Thailand,Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Division of International Disease Control Port, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Pathumwan, Thailand
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4
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Chansaenroj J, Yorsaeng R, Posuwan N, Puenpa J, Wanlapakorn N, Sudhinaraset N, Sripramote M, Chalongviriyalert P, Jirajariyavej S, Kiatpanabhikul P, Saiyarin J, Soudon C, Thienfaidee O, Palakawong Na Ayuthaya T, Brukesawan C, Chirathaworn C, Intharasongkroh D, Chaiwanichsiri D, Issarasongkhram M, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Nagavajara P, Poovorawan Y. Long-term specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in recovered COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23216. [PMID: 34853374 PMCID: PMC8636620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the long-term immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in patients who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) titer in serum samples collected at a single (N = 302) or multiple time points (N = 229) 3–12 months after COVID-19 symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens was measured by semiquantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The 531 patients (966 specimens) were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumonia symptoms. Anti N IgG was detected in 87.5% of patients (328/375) at 3 months, 38.6% (93/241) at 6 months, 23.7% (49/207) at 9 months, and 26.6% (38/143) at 12 months. The anti-N IgG seropositivity rate was significantly lower at 6, 9, and 12 months than at 3 months (P < 0.01) and was higher in the pneumonia group than in the non-pneumonia/asymptomatic group at 6 months (P < 0.01), 9 months (P = 0.04), and 12 months (P = 0.04). The rate started to decline 6–12 months after symptom onset. Anti-N IgG sample/cutoff index was positively correlated with age (r = 0.192, P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with interval between symptom onset and blood sampling (r = − 0.567, P < 0.01). These findings can guide vaccine strategies in recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Posuwan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manit Sripramote
- Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supunee Jirajariyavej
- Taksin Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul
- Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Saiyarin
- Klang General Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulikorn Soudon
- Sirindhorn Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Thienfaidee
- Ratchaphiphat Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chantapat Brukesawan
- Public Health Center 26, Health Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Tropical Medicine Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mila Issarasongkhram
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pijaya Nagavajara
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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5
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Noisumdaeng P, Roytrakul T, Prasertsopon J, Pooruk P, Lerdsamran H, Assanasen S, Kitphati R, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. T cell mediated immunity against influenza H5N1 nucleoprotein, matrix and hemagglutinin derived epitopes in H5N1 survivors and non-H5N1 subjects. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11021. [PMID: 33854839 PMCID: PMC7955671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protection against the influenza virus by a specific antibody is relatively strain specific; meanwhile broader immunity may be conferred by cell-mediated immune response to the conserved epitopes across influenza virus subtypes. A universal broad-spectrum influenza vaccine which confronts not only seasonal influenza virus, but also avian influenza H5N1 virus is promising. Methods This study determined the specific and cross-reactive T cell responses against the highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in four survivors and 33 non-H5N1 subjects including 10 H3N2 patients and 23 healthy individuals. Ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot assay using overlapping peptides spanning the entire nucleoprotein (NP), matrix (M) and hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1) virus was employed in adjunct with flow cytometry for determining T cell functions. Microneutralization (microNT) assay was performed to determine the status of previous H5N1 virus infection. Results IFN-γ ELISpot assay demonstrated that survivors nos. 1 and 2 had markedly higher T cell responses against H5N1 NP, M and HA epitopes than survivors nos. 3 and 4; and the magnitude of T cell responses against NP were higher than that of M and HA. Durability of the immunoreactivity persisted for as long as four years after disease onset. Upon stimulation by NP in IFN-γ ELISpot assay, 60% of H3N2 patients and 39% of healthy subjects exhibited a cross-reactive T cell response. The higher frequency and magnitude of responses in H3N2 patients may be due to blood collection at the convalescent phase of the patients. In H5N1 survivors, the effector peptide-specific T cells generated from bulk culture PBMCs by in vitro stimulation displayed a polyfunction by simultaneously producing IFN-γ and TNF-α, together with upregulation of CD107a in recognition of the target cells pulsed with peptide or infected with rVac-NP virus as investigated by flow cytometry. Conclusions This study provides an insight into the better understanding on the homosubtypic and heterosubtypic T cell-mediated immune responses in H5N1 survivors and non-H5N1 subjects. NP is an immunodominant target of cross-recognition owing to its high conservancy. Therefore, the development of vaccine targeting the conserved NP may be a novel strategy for influenza vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Noisumdaeng
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Pooruk
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Biological Product Vaccine Production Plant, Kaengkhoi, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Hatairat Lerdsamran
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Susan Assanasen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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6
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Chirathaworn C, Sripramote M, Chalongviriyalert P, Jirajariyavej S, Kiatpanabhikul P, Saiyarin J, Soudon C, Thienfaidee O, Palakawong Na Ayuthaya T, Brukesawan C, Chaiwanichsiri D, Intharasongkroh D, Wanlapakorn N, Chansaenroj J, Puenpa J, Yorsaeng R, Thitithanyanont A, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Nagavajara P, Poovorawan Y. SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in recovered COVID-19 cases and the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered COVID-19 cases and close contacts, Thailand, April-June 2020. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236905. [PMID: 33119712 PMCID: PMC7595404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although Thailand has been fairly effective at controlling the spread of COVID-19, continued disease surveillance and information on antibody response in recovered patients and their close contacts remain necessary in the absence of approved vaccines and antivirals. Here, we examined 217 recovered COVID-19 patients to assess their viral RNA shedding and residual antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We also evaluated antibodies in blood samples from 308 close contacts of recovered COVID-19 patients. We found that viral RNA remained detectable in 6.6% of recovered COVID-19 cases and up to 105 days. IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 13.8%, 88.5%, and 83.4% of the recovered cases 4-12 weeks after disease onset, respectively. Higher levels of antibodies detected were associated with severe illness patients experienced while hospitalized. Fifteen of the 308 contacts (4.9%) of COVID-19 cases tested positive for IgG antibodies, suggesting probable exposure. Viral clearance and the pattern of antibody responses in infected individuals are both crucial for effectively combating SARS-CoV-2. Our study provides additional information on the natural history of this newly emerging disease related to both natural host defenses and antibody duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintana Chirathaworn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manit Sripramote
- Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supunnee Jirajariyavej
- Taksin Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul
- Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Saiyarin
- Klang General Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuleekorn Soudon
- Sirindhorn Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Thienfaidee
- Ratchaphiphat Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chantapat Brukesawan
- Public Health Center 26, Health Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pijaya Nagavajara
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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7
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Puenpa J, Suwannakarn K, Chansaenroj J, Nilyanimit P, Yorsaeng R, Auphimai C, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Kongklieng A, Chirathaworn C, Wanlapakorn N, Poovorawan Y. Molecular epidemiology of the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Thailand in 2020. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16602. [PMID: 33024144 PMCID: PMC7538975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global concern. Several SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations have been reported. In the current study associations between SARS-CoV-2 gene variation and exposure history during the first wave of the outbreak in Thailand between January and May 2020 were investigated. Forty samples were collected at different time points during the outbreak, and parts of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence were used to assess genomic variation patterns. The phylogenetics of the 40 samples were clustered into L, GH, GR, O and T types. T types were predominant in Bangkok during the first local outbreak centered at a boxing stadium and entertainment venues in March 2020. Imported cases were infected with various types, including L, GH, GR and O. In southern Thailand introductions of different genotypes were identified at different times. No clinical parameters were significantly associated with differences in genotype. The results indicated local transmission (type T, Spike protein (A829T)) and imported cases (types L, GH, GR and O) during the first wave in Thailand. Genetic and epidemiological data may contribute to national policy formulation, transmission tracking and the implementation of measures to control viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamol Suwannakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornmas Kongklieng
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Suntronwong N, Thongpan I, Chuchaona W, Budi Lestari F, Vichaiwattana P, Yorsaeng R, Pasittungkul S, Kitphati R, Vongpunsawad S, Poovorawan Y. Impact of COVID-19 public health interventions on influenza incidence in Thailand. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:225-227. [PMID: 32521210 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1777803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Ilada Thongpan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Watchaporn Chuchaona
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Fajar Budi Lestari
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Sirapat Pasittungkul
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health , Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Pathumwan, Thailand
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9
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Hinjoy S, Hantrakun V, Kongyu S, Kaewrakmuk J, Wangrangsimakul T, Jitsuronk S, Saengchun W, Bhengsri S, Akarachotpong T, Thamthitiwat S, Sangwichian O, Anunnatsiri S, Sermswan RW, Lertmemongkolchai G, Sitthidet Tharinjaroen C, Preechasuth K, Udpaun R, Chuensombut P, Waranyasirikul N, Anudit C, Narenpitak S, Jutrakul Y, Teparrukkul P, Teerawattanasook N, Thanvisej K, Suphan A, Sukbut P, Ploddi K, Sirichotirat P, Chiewchanyon B, Rukseree K, Hongsuwan M, Wongsuwan G, Sunthornsut P, Wuthiekanun V, Sachaphimukh S, Wannapinij P, Chierakul W, Chewapreecha C, Thaipadungpanit J, Chantratita N, Korbsrisate S, Taunyok A, Dunachie S, Palittapongarnpim P, Sirisinha S, Kitphati R, Iamsirithaworn S, Chaowagul W, Chetchotisak P, Whistler T, Wongratanacheewin S, Limmathurotsakul D. Melioidosis in Thailand: Present and Future. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:38. [PMID: 29725623 PMCID: PMC5928800 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent modelling study estimated that there are 2800 deaths due to melioidosis in Thailand yearly. The Thailand Melioidosis Network (formed in 2012) has been working closely with the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) to investigate and reduce the burden of this disease. Based on updated data, the incidence of melioidosis is still high in Northeast Thailand. More than 2000 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis are diagnosed in general hospitals with microbiology laboratories in this region each year. The mortality rate is around 35%. Melioidosis is endemic throughout Thailand, but it is still not uncommon that microbiological facilities misidentify Burkholderia pseudomallei as a contaminant or another organism. Disease awareness is low, and people in rural areas neither wear boots nor boil water before drinking to protect themselves from acquiring B. pseudomallei. Previously, about 10 melioidosis deaths were formally reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (Report 506) each year, thus limiting priority setting by the MoPH. In 2015, the formally reported number of melioidosis deaths rose to 112, solely because Sunpasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani province, reported its own data (n = 107). Melioidosis is truly an important cause of death in Thailand, and currently reported cases (Report 506) and cases diagnosed at research centers reflect the tip of the iceberg. Laboratory training and communication between clinicians and laboratory personnel are required to improve diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis countrywide. Implementation of rapid diagnostic tests, such as a lateral flow antigen detection assay, with high accuracy even in melioidosis-endemic countries such as Thailand, is critically needed. Reporting of all culture-confirmed melioidosis cases from every hospital with a microbiology laboratory, together with final outcome data, is mandated under the Communicable Diseases Act B.E.2558. By enforcing this legislation, the MoPH could raise the priority of this disease, and should consider implementing a campaign to raise awareness and melioidosis prevention countrywide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soawapak Hinjoy
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Viriya Hantrakun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Somkid Kongyu
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Jedsada Kaewrakmuk
- Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Tri Wangrangsimakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK;
| | - Siroj Jitsuronk
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, 90110, Thailand;
| | - Weerawut Saengchun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand;
| | - Saithip Bhengsri
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.B.); (T.A.); (S.T.); (O.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Thantapat Akarachotpong
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.B.); (T.A.); (S.T.); (O.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Somsak Thamthitiwat
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.B.); (T.A.); (S.T.); (O.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ornuma Sangwichian
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.B.); (T.A.); (S.T.); (O.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Siriluck Anunnatsiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.A.); (R.W.S.); (P.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Rasana W Sermswan
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.A.); (R.W.S.); (P.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- The Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Chayada Sitthidet Tharinjaroen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.T.); (K.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Kanya Preechasuth
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.T.); (K.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Ratchadaporn Udpaun
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.S.T.); (K.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Poomin Chuensombut
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chiangkham Hospital, Phayao, 56110 Thailand;
| | - Nisarat Waranyasirikul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Somdejphrajaotaksin Maharaj Hospital, Tak 63000, Thailand;
| | - Chanihcha Anudit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uthai Thani Hospital, Uthai Thani 61000, Thailand;
| | - Surapong Narenpitak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Udon Thani Hospital, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand;
| | - Yaowaruk Jutrakul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Udon Thani Hospital, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand;
| | - Prapit Teparrukkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C)
| | - Nittaya Teerawattanasook
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Kittisak Thanvisej
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nakhon Panom Hospital, Nakhon Panom 48000, Thailand;
| | - Alisa Suphan
- Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Public Health Office, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Punchawee Sukbut
- Mukdahan Provincial Public Health Office, Mukdahan 49000, Thailand;
| | - Kritchavat Ploddi
- The Office of Disease Prevention and Control 8, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand;
| | - Poolsri Sirichotirat
- The Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | | | | | - Maliwan Hongsuwan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Gumphol Wongsuwan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Pornpan Sunthornsut
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Sandy Sachaphimukh
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Prapass Wannapinij
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Wirongrong Chierakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Claire Chewapreecha
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Janjira Thaipadungpanit
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Apichai Taunyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK;
| | - Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Stitaya Sirisinha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10220, Thailand;
| | - Sopon Iamsirithaworn
- Bureau of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Wipada Chaowagul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C)
| | - Ploenchan Chetchotisak
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.A.); (R.W.S.); (P.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Toni Whistler
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.B.); (T.A.); (S.T.); (O.S.); (T.W.)
| | | | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (G.W.); (P.S.); (V.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (J.T.); (N.C)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK;
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Thaipadungpanit J, Chierakul W, Pattanaporkrattana W, Phoodaeng A, Wongsuvan G, Huntrakun V, Amornchai P, Chatchen S, Kitphati R, Wuthiekanun V, Day NP, Peacock SJ, Limmathurotsakul D. Burkholderia pseudomallei in water supplies, southern Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1947-9. [PMID: 25340393 PMCID: PMC4215545 DOI: 10.3201/eid2011.140832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kiratisin P, Saifon P, Kitphati R, Dejsirilert S, Mundy LM. Predictors of Mortality Among Patients With Community-Onset Infection Due to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Thailand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 29:80-2. [DOI: 10.1086/524321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A matched case-control study was performed to identify predictors of mortality among patients (n = 46) with community-onset infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Thailand. The crude mortality rate was 30%. By multivariable analysis, community-onset bloodstream infection due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli was the sole predictor of mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 41.3 [95% confidence interval, 4.3-69.4]; P = .001).
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kiratisin P, Saifon P, Kitphati R, Dejsirilert S, Mundy LM. Risk Factors for and Outcomes of Healthcare-Associated Infection Due to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 28:873-6. [PMID: 17564993 DOI: 10.1086/518725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A matched case-control study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for and outcomes of healthcare-associated infection due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand. By multivariable analysis, prior exposure to third-generation cephalosporins and transfer from another hospital were risk factors associated with infection. Receipt of inadequate antimicrobial therapy was a predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anucha Apisarnthanarak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasart University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Puthavathana P, Kitphati R, Auewarakul P, Mundy LM. Outbreaks of Influenza A Among Nonvaccinated Healthcare Workers: Implications for Resource-Limited Settings. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 29:777-80. [DOI: 10.1086/588162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We identified 3 outbreaks of influenza A (attack rates, 18%–24%) among Thai healthcare workers in intensive care units. All outbreaks were epidemiologically linked to an index patient with pneumonia due to influenza A virus (subtype H3N2). The investigations of these outbreaks incurred costs that exceeded the estimated costs of healthcare worker influenza vaccination by more than 10-fold.
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Noisumdaeng P, Pooruk P, Prasertsopon J, Assanasen S, Kitphati R, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. Homosubtypic and heterosubtypic antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 recombinant proteins in H5N1 survivors and non-H5N1 subjects. Virology 2014; 454-455:254-62. [PMID: 24725952 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Six recombinant vaccinia viruses containing HA, NA, NP, M or NS gene insert derived from a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus, and the recombinant vaccinia virus harboring plasmid backbone as the virus control were constructed. The recombinant proteins were characterized for their expression and subcellular locations in TK(-) cells. Antibodies to the five recombinant proteins were detected in all 13 sequential serum samples collected from four H5N1 survivors during four years of follow-up; and those directed to rVac-H5 HA and rVac-NA proteins were found in higher titers than those directed to the internal proteins as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Although all 28 non-H5N1 subjects had no neutralizing antibodies against H5N1 virus, they did have cross-reactive antibodies to those five recombinant proteins. A significant increase in cross-reactive antibody titer to rVac-H5 HA and rVac-NA was found in paired blood samples from patients infected with the 2009 pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Noisumdaeng
- Siriraj Influenza Cooperative Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Disease, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Pooruk
- Siriraj Influenza Cooperative Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Siriraj Influenza Cooperative Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Susan Assanasen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Siriraj Influenza Cooperative Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Disease, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Siriraj Influenza Cooperative Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Disease, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Limmathurotsakul D, Kanoksil M, Wuthiekanun V, Kitphati R, deStavola B, Day NPJ, Peacock SJ. Activities of daily living associated with acquisition of melioidosis in northeast Thailand: a matched case-control study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2072. [PMID: 23437412 PMCID: PMC3578767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the Category B select agent and environmental saprophyte, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Most cases of naturally acquired infection are assumed to result from skin inoculation after exposure to soil or water. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for inoculation, inhalation and ingestion as routes of infection, and develop preventive guidelines based on this evidence. Methods/Principal Findings A prospective hospital-based 1∶2 matched case-control study was conducted in Northeast Thailand. Cases were patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis, and controls were patients admitted with non-infectious conditions during the same period, matched for gender, age, and diabetes mellitus. Activities of daily living were recorded for the 30-day period before onset of symptoms, and home visits were performed to obtain drinking water and culture this for B. pseudomallei. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis based on 286 cases and 512 controls showed that activities associated with a risk of melioidosis included working in a rice field (conditional odds ratio [cOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–3.3), other activities associated with exposure to soil or water (cOR = 1.4; 95%CI 0.8–2.6), an open wound (cOR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.3), eating food contaminated with soil or dust (cOR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0–2.2), drinking untreated water (cOR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1–2.6), outdoor exposure to rain (cOR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4–3.2), water inhalation (cOR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.5–3.9), current smoking (cOR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0–2.3) and steroid intake (cOR = 3.1; 95%CI 1.4–6.9). B. pseudomallei was detected in water source(s) consumed by 7% of cases and 3% of controls (cOR = 2.2; 95%CI 0.8–5.8). Conclusions/Significance We used these findings to develop the first evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of melioidosis. These are suitable for people in melioidosis-endemic areas, travelers and military personnel. Public health campaigns based on our recommendations are under development in Thailand. Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the environmental saprophyte, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The infection is potentially preventable, but developing prevention guidelines is hampered by a lack of evidence on which to base them. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for inoculation, inhalation and ingestion as routes of infection. To achieve this, we undertook a matched case-control study and performed home visits to obtain drinking water and culture this for B. pseudomallei. We found that activities associated with increased risk of developing melioidosis included working in a rice field, other activities associated with exposure to soil or water, an open wound, eating food contaminated with soil or dust, drinking untreated water, outdoor exposure to rain, water inhalation, current smoking and steroid intake. Presence of B. pseudomallei in drinking water source(s) doubled the odds of acquiring melioidosis. This is the first study to show that ingestion is an important route of human B. pseudomallei infection, and that exposure to rain is an independent risk factor for melioidosis. We used this finding to develop the first evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of melioidosis. These are suitable for people in melioidosis-endemic areas, travelers and military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (DL); (SJP)
| | - Manas Kanoksil
- Department of Pediatrics, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Bureau of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Bianca deStavola
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. J. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DL); (SJP)
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Noisumdaeng P, Pooruk P, Kongchanagul A, Assanasen S, Kitphati R, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. Biological properties of H5 hemagglutinin expressed by vaccinia virus vector and its immunological reactivity with human sera. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:49-59. [PMID: 23374152 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A recombinant vaccinia virus harboring the full length hemagglutinin (HA) gene derived from a highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1) virus (rVac-H5 HA virus) was constructed. The immunogenicity of the expressed HA protein was characterized using goat antiserum, mouse monoclonal antibody, and human sera. The expressed HA protein localized both in the cytoplasm and on the cytoplasmic membrane of the thymidine kinase negative cells infected with the rVac-H5 HA virus, as determined by immunofluorescence assay. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the rVac-H5 HA protein was post-translationally processed by proteolytic cleavage of the HA0 precursor into HA1 and HA2 domains; and all of these HA forms were immunogenic in BALB/c mice. The molecular weight (MW) of each HA domain was the same as the wild-type H5 HA produced in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with the H5N1 virus, but was higher than that expressed by a baculovirus-insect cell system. Sera from all H5N1 survivors reacted to HA0, HA1, and HA2 domains; whereas sera from H5N1-uninfected subjects reacted to the HA2 domain only, but not to HA0 or HA1, indicating that some cross-subtypic immunity exists in the general population. There was a lot-to-lot variation of the recombinant HA produced in the baculovirus-insect cell system that might affect the detection rate of antibody directed against certain HA domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Noisumdaeng
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kongchanagul A, Suptawiwat O, Boonarkart C, Kitphati R, Puthavathana P, Uiprasertkul M, Auewarakul P. Decreased expression of surfactant protein D mRNA in human lungs in fatal cases of H5N1 avian influenza. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1410-7. [PMID: 21678446 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis of gene expression profile of lungs from two fatal H5N1 influenza cases identified 3,435 genes with higher than twofold changes in mRNA levels as compared to those of normal lung. One thousand nineteen genes and 2,416 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated commonly, respectively. Gene ontology analysis identified several ontology terms with significant association with these genes, most of which are related to cellular metabolism and regulation of cellular process including apoptosis and chemotaxis. Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) was found to be down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the levels of SP-D mRNA in the lungs infected with H5N1 to be lower than those of normal lungs and lungs from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. SP-D plays multiple roles in respiratory innate defense against various pathogens, regulation of inflammatory responses, and maintenance of alveolar integrity. Reduction of SP-D in H5N1 influenza may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Uyeki TM, Puthavathana P, Kitphati R, Mundy LM. Reduction of seasonal influenza transmission among healthcare workers in an intensive care unit: a 4-year intervention study in Thailand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 31:996-1003. [PMID: 20807075 DOI: 10.1086/656565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an influenza control bundle to minimize healthcare-associated seasonal influenza transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs) in an intensive care unit (ICU) equipped with central air conditioning. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a 500-bed tertiary care center in Thailand from July 1, 2005, through June 30,2009. The medical ICU (MICU) implemented an influenza control bundle including healthcare worker (HCW) education, influenza screening of adult community-acquired pneumonia patients, antiviral treatment of patients and ill HCWs who tested positive for influenza, promotion of influenza vaccination among HCWs, and reinforcement of standard infection control policies. The surgical ICU (SICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) received no intervention. RESULTS The numbers of influenza infections among HCWs during the pre- and postintervention periods were 18 cases in 5,294 HCW days and 0 cases in 5,336 HCW-days in the MICU (3.4 vs 0 cases per 1,000 HCW-days; P ! .001), 19 cases in 4,318 HCW-days and 20 cases in 4,348 HCW-days in the SICU (4.4 vs 4.6 cases per 1,000 HCW-days; Pp.80), and 18 cases in 5,000 HCW-days and 18 cases in 5,143 HCW-days in the CCU (3.6 vs 3.5 cases per 1,000 HCW-days; Pp.92), respectively. Outbreak-related influenza occurred in 7 MICUHCWs, 6 SICU HCWs, and 4 CCU HCWs before intervention and 0 MICU HCWs, 9 SICU HCWs, and 8 CCU HCWs after intervention.Before and after intervention, 25 (71%) and 35 (100%) of 35 MICU HCWs were vaccinated, respectively (P ! .001); HCW vaccination coverage did not change significantly in the SICU (21 [70%] of 30 vs 24 [80%] of 30; Pp.89) and CCU (19 [68%] of 28 vs 21 [75%]of 28; Pp.83). The estimated costs of US $6,471 per unit for postintervention outbreak investigations exceeded the intervention costs of US $4,969. CONCLUSION A sustained influenza intervention bundle was associated with clinical and economic benefits to a Thai hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anucha Apisarnthanarak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Mundy LM. Postexposure measles preparedness in resource-limited settings. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:342. [PMID: 19406334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Puthavathana P, Sangsiriwut K, Korkusol A, Pooruk P, Auewarakul P, Pittayawanganon C, Sutdan D, Kitphati R, Sawanpanyalert P, Phommasack B, Bounlu K, Ungchusak K. Avian influenza virus (H5N1) in human, Laos. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:127-9. [PMID: 19116076 PMCID: PMC2660695 DOI: 10.3201/eid1501.080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Kitphati R, Apisarnthanarak A, Chittaganpitch M, Tawatsupha P, Auwanit W, Puthavathana P, Auewarakul P, Uiprasertkul M, Mundy LM, Sawanpanyalert P. A nationally coordinated laboratory system for human avian influenza A (H5N1) in Thailand: program design, analysis, and evaluation. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1394-400. [PMID: 18419442 DOI: 10.1086/586752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first phase of national surveillance for avian influenza (H5N1) human disease in Thailand occurred over a 4-month period that began on 1 December 2003. Subsequently, a nationally coordinated laboratory system (NCLS) for avian influenza (H5N1) was created to assess population-based surveillance, specimen procurement, case detection, and reporting at the national level. METHODS We conducted a pre- and postintervention study to evaluate the NCLS designed during the 6-week interval from 1 April through 15 May 2004. During the pre-NCLS period (1 December 2003 through 31 March 2004), 12 cases of human avian influenza (H5N1) were confirmed. During the post-NCLS period (16 May 2004 through 31 December 2006), interventions were implemented for human avian influenza (H5N1) surveillance, case detection, and expedited, computer-based reporting. RESULTS During the pre- and post-NCLS periods, 777 (85%) of 915 and 10,434 (95%) of 11,042 clinical respiratory specimens, respectively, were adequate for confirmatory testing (P<.001), the median time from procurement to results decreased from 17 days (range, 14-24 days) to 1.8 days (range, 0.25-4 days; P<.001), and the duration of specimen shipment decreased from 46.5 h to 21.1 h (P<.001). Thirteen cases of avian influenza (H5N1) were detected during the 31-month postintervention period. H5N1 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 99.8%. CONCLUSIONS The NCLS exemplifies a systematic approach to national surveillance for avian influenza A (H5N1). This NCLS program in Thailand serves as a model for human avian influenza (H5N1) preparedness that can be adopted or modified for use in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungrueng Kitphati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Thai National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi
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Uiprasertkul M, Kitphati R, Puthavathana P, Kriwong R, Kongchanagul A, Ungchusak K, Angkasekwinai S, Chokephaibulkit K, Srisook K, Vanprapar N, Auewarakul P. Apoptosis and pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 13:708-12. [PMID: 17553248 PMCID: PMC2738443 DOI: 10.3201/eid1305.060572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and lymphopenia caused by this virus in humans. The pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans has not been clearly elucidated. Apoptosis may also play an important role. We studied autopsy specimens from 2 patients who died of infection with this virus. Apoptosis was observed in alveolar epithelial cells, which is the major target cell type for the viral replication. Numerous apoptotic leukocytes were observed in the lung of a patient who died on day 6 of illness. Our data suggest that apoptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans by destroying alveolar epithelial cells. This pathogenesis causes pneumonia and destroys leukocytes, leading to leukopenia, which is a prominent clinical feature of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans. Whether observed apoptotic cells were a direct result of the viral replication or a consequence of an overactivation of the immune system requires further studies.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kiratisin P, Saifon P, Kitphati R, Dejsirilert S, Mundy LM. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-onset, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infections in Thailand: a case-case-control study. Am J Infect Control 2007; 35:606-12. [PMID: 17980240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms, first identified in Germany in 1983, are now widely recognized as clinically relevant causes of infections in community. METHODS Our objective was to evaluate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-onset, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CO-ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli infections. We used a case-case-control study undertaken in a 450-bed, tertiary care hospital. Patients included case group (CG) I, which had confirmed CO-ESBL-producing E coli infections (n=46). Case group (CG) II (n=46) included patients with CO-non-ESBL-producing E coli infections. Controls (n=138) were patients without infections. RESULTS By multivariate analysis, diabetes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-13.2, P< .001), prior ESBL E coli colonization (<90 days) (95% CI: 1.2-67.8, P< .001), recent receipt of antibiotics (<90 days) (95% CI: 4.2-44.2, P= .004), and previous exposure to third-generation cephalosporins (95% CI: 2.2-16.4, P= .001) and fluoroquinolones (95% CI: 1.4-18.3; P= .003) were associated risks among CG I. Diabetes (95% CI: 1.6-15.4, P= .005), stroke (95% CI: 1.5-17.1, P= .001), and diarrhea (95% CI: 3.8-65.8, P= .001) were risks among CG II. Patients with CO-ESBL in CG I versus controls were more likely to die (30% vs 0%, respectively; P< .001), had prolonged hospital length of stay (8 vs 5 days, respectively; P< .001), and had higher hospitalization costs (median, US $528 vs $108, respectively; P< .001). The plasmid carrying the CTX-M-15 gene was identified in 13 of 25 (52%) available CO-ESBL-producing E coli isolates. CONCLUSION CO-ESBL-producing E coli is an emerging multidrug-resistant microorganism in Thailand. Patients with prior ESBL colonization and recent antibiotic exposures, especially to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, were at risk for CO-ESBL-producing E coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anucha Apisarnthanarak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasart University Hosptial, Pratumthani, Thailand.
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Louisirirotchanakul S, Lerdsamran H, Wiriyarat W, Sangsiriwut K, Chaichoune K, Pooruk P, Songserm T, Kitphati R, Sawanpanyalert P, Komoltri C, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. Erythrocyte binding preference of avian influenza H5N1 viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2284-6. [PMID: 17522271 PMCID: PMC1933005 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00921-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five erythrocyte species (horse, goose, chicken, guinea pig, and human) were used to agglutinate avian influenza H5N1 viruses by hemagglutination assay and to detect specific antibody by hemagglutination inhibition test. We found that goose erythrocytes confer a greater advantage over other erythrocyte species in both assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suda Louisirirotchanakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Mundy LM. Difficulty in the Rapid Diagnosis of Avian Influenza A Infection: Thailand Experience. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:1252-3. [PMID: 17407049 DOI: 10.1086/513584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Kiratisin P, Apisarnthanarak A, Saifon P, Laesripa C, Kitphati R, Mundy LM. The emergence of a novel ceftazidime-resistant CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, CTX-M-55, in both community-onset and hospital-acquired infections in Thailand. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58:349-55. [PMID: 17449211 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel CTX-M type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), designated CTX-M-55, among 7 patients who had infection with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae at a university hospital in Thailand. The CTX-M-55 ESBL showed reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime. This investigation provides the relevant clinical and molecular epidemiology for the gene encoding for CTX-M-55 in the isolates from these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Tawatsupha P, Thongphubeth K, Apisarnthanarak P, Mundy LM. Outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among Thai healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:430-4. [PMID: 17385149 DOI: 10.1086/512639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between self-report of a prior history of chickenpox and results of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G serologic test results in an outbreak of VZV infection among Thai healthcare workers (HCWs) and to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of establishing routine VZV immunization as part of an occupational health program on the basis of the outbreak data. METHODS All exposed patients received prophylaxis and the HCWs in our 3 intensive care units (ICUs) were prospectively evaluated. HCWs were assessed for disease history and serologic evidence of VZV IgG. A cost-benefit analysis was performed. RESULTS After 140 HCWs and 18 ICU patients were exposed to VZV, 10 HCWs (7%) with active VZV infection were relieved from work until skin lesions were crusted. Acyclovir (ACV) was prescribed to all 10 HCWs with active disease, and all 18 exposed patients received prophylaxis with ACV. Of 140 HCWs, 100 consented to longitudinal follow-up. Twenty-three (100%) of the HCWs who reported a history of chickenpox also had serologic test results that were positive for VZV IgG, compared with 30 (39%) of 77 HCWs who reported no prior history of chickenpox, yet had test results that were positive for VZV IgG. Reported history of chickenpox had a sensitivity of 43%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 61% with respect to VZV infection immunity. The total cost estimate for this outbreak investigation was $23,087. CONCLUSIONS An HCW's reported history of chickenpox was a reliable predictor of immunity; a report of no prior history of chickenpox was unreliable. Our cost-benefit analysis suggests that the costs of an occupational health program that included VZV surveillance and immunization for the next 323 HCWs would be approximately equal to the excess costs of $17,227 for the ACV therapy, HCW furloughs, and staff overtime associated with this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anucha Apisarnthanarak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasart University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Puthavathana P, Kitphati R, Thavatsupha P, Chittaganpitch M, Auewarakul P, Mundy LM. Avian influenza H5N1 screening of intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1766-9. [PMID: 17283633 PMCID: PMC3372342 DOI: 10.3201/eid1211.060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From February 1, 2005, to January 31, 2006, we screened 115 adults for avian influenza (H5N1) and influenza A if admitted to an intensive care unit with pneumonia. Using reverse transcription-PCR, viral culture, and serologic testing for anti-H5 antibody, we identified 8 (7%) patients with influenza A (H3N2); none had H5N1. Estimated costs for H5N1 screening were $7,375.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Pongsuwann Y, Tacharoenmueng R, Mundy LM. Echovirus type 11: outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in a Thai hospital nursery. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 41:1361-2. [PMID: 16206118 DOI: 10.1086/497076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) practice in Japan. Only by knowing practice patterns can standards of care be successfully developed and implemented. METHODS From September 1, 2001, to August 31, 2003, a questionnaire was sent to 248 institutions. RESULTS A total of 100 institutions (40.3%) completed the questionnaire. ECT was available in 83 institutions. A total of 1,210 patients received 11,146 ECTs from 895 psychiatrists. Brief-pulse device was used in 21 institutions. EEG monitoring was used routinely in 15 institutions. Bilateral ECT was always used. Patients who received ECT were diagnosed schizophrenia (48.9%), major depression (37.4%), catatonia (6.8%), mania (4.4%), and dysthymia (0.8%). The majority of patients who received ECT were in the age group 45-64 years (40.4%) and 65 years and older (39.3%). A total of 670 patients received a total of 6364 unmodified ECT at 60 institutions. There were no ECT-related deaths during the survey. CONCLUSION ECT use in Japan is low. More than half of ECTs instituted were unmodified. The majority of patients who received ECT were diagnosed with schizophrenia and major depression.
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Ungchusak K, Auewarakul P, Dowell SF, Kitphati R, Auwanit W, Puthavathana P, Uiprasertkul M, Boonnak K, Pittayawonganon C, Cox NJ, Zaki SR, Thawatsupha P, Chittaganpitch M, Khontong R, Simmerman JM, Chunsutthiwat S. Probable person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1). N Engl J Med 2005; 352:333-40. [PMID: 15668219 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa044021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2004, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus caused poultry disease in eight Asian countries and infected at least 44 persons, killing 32; most of these persons had had close contact with poultry. No evidence of efficient person-to-person transmission has yet been reported. We investigated possible person-to-person transmission in a family cluster of the disease in Thailand. METHODS For each of the three involved patients, we reviewed the circumstances and timing of exposures to poultry and to other ill persons. Field teams isolated and treated the surviving patient, instituted active surveillance for disease and prophylaxis among exposed contacts, and culled the remaining poultry surrounding the affected village. Specimens from family members were tested by viral culture, microneutralization serologic analysis, immunohistochemical assay, reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and genetic sequencing. RESULTS The index patient became ill three to four days after her last exposure to dying household chickens. Her mother came from a distant city to care for her in the hospital, had no recognized exposure to poultry, and died from pneumonia after providing 16 to 18 hours of unprotected nursing care. The aunt also provided unprotected nursing care; she had fever five days after the mother first had fever, followed by pneumonia seven days later. Autopsy tissue from the mother and nasopharyngeal and throat swabs from the aunt were positive for influenza A (H5N1) by RT-PCR. No additional chains of transmission were identified, and sequencing of the viral genes identified no change in the receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin or other key features of the virus. The sequences of all eight viral gene segments clustered closely with other H5N1 sequences from recent avian isolates in Thailand. CONCLUSIONS Disease in the mother and aunt probably resulted from person-to-person transmission of this lethal avian influenzavirus during unprotected exposure to the critically ill index patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumnuan Ungchusak
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Thai Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Thongphubeth K, Patoomanunt P, Anthanont P, Auwanit W, Thawatsupha P, Chittaganpitch M, Saeng-Aroon S, Waicharoen S, Apisarnthanarak P, Storch GA, Mundy LM, Fraser VJ. Atypical avian influenza (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1321-4. [PMID: 15324560 PMCID: PMC3323328 DOI: 10.3201/eid1007.040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of avian influenza in a patient with fever and diarrhea but no respiratory symptoms. Avian influenza should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly if they have a history of exposure to poultry.
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Swaddiwudhipong W, Linlawan P, Prasantong R, Kitphati R, Wongwatcharapaiboon P. A report of an outbreak of postoperative endophthalmitis. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:902-7. [PMID: 10998844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an outbreak of endophthalmitis following cataract extraction or secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a 400-bed general hospital in northern Thailand. From December 1997 to September 1998, of 329 patients who had undergone cataract extraction or secondary IOL implantation in the hospital, 31 (9.4%) developed postoperative endophthalmitis. The interval between the operation and the clinical diagnosis of endophthalmitis ranged from 5 to 74 days with a median of 15 days. Of the 31 cases of endophthalmitis, 18 occurred in phacoemulsification (PE) with IOL, 11 in extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with IOL, and 2 in secondary IOL implantation. Patients who had undergone PE with IOL had a significantly higher rate (12.4%) than those of ECCE with IOL (6.3%). The infection rates also increased with the order of the operations within each operation period (morning or afternoon); later operations were at higher risk. Our findings detected defects in sterilization for the surgeries including possible inadequacy in the autoclave sterilization of surgical instruments, insufficient exposure time with 2 per cent activated glutaraldehyde solution (about 15-30 minutes) for sterilizing some surgical instruments, and the use of multiple-dose intraocular irrigating solution. This outbreak of endophthalmitis emphasizes the necessity to monitor regularly the practice of sterilization/disinfection in hospitals for prevention and control of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Swaddiwudhipong
- Department of Community and Social Medicine, Mae Sot General Hospital, Tak, Thailand
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