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Wang D, Wang K, Liu Q, Liu M, Zhang G, Feng K, Wang K, Ding X, Zhu H, Yang S, Liu Y, Li T, Gong P, Wang M, Wang PG, Jin H, Zhao W, Yu F. A Novel Drug Candidate for Sepsis Targeting Heparanase by Inhibiting Cytokine Storm. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403337. [PMID: 38810101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-triggered, rapidly progressive systemic inflammatory syndrome with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are no promising therapeutic strategies for managing this disease in the clinic. Heparanase plays a crucial role in the pathology of sepsis, and its inhibition can significantly relieve related symptoms. Here, a novel heparanase inhibitor CV122 is rationally designed and synthesized, and its therapeutic potential for sepsis with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse models are evaluated. It is found that CV122 potently inhibits heparanase activity in vitro, protects cell surface glycocalyx structure, and reduces the expression of adhesion molecules. In vivo, CV122 significantly reduces the systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines, prevents organ damage, improves vitality, and efficiently protects mice from sepsis-induced death. Mechanistically, CV122 inhibits the activity of heparanase, reduces its expression in the lungs, and protects glycocalyx structure of lung tissue. It is also found that CV122 provides effective protection from organ damage and death caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection. These results suggest that CV122 is a potential drug candidate for sepsis therapy targeting heparanase by inhibiting cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xianwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Qin F, Bai X, Sun W, Chen T, Liu F, Zheng Y, Qi X, Zhao W, Liu B, Gao C. OTUD5 promotes the inflammatory immune response by enhancing MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01293-7. [PMID: 38605168 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myddosome is an oligomeric complex required for the transmission of inflammatory signals from TLR/IL1Rs and consists of MyD88 and IRAK family kinases. However, the molecular basis for the self-assemble of Myddosome proteins and regulation of intracellular signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we identify OTUD5 acts as an essential regulator for MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation. OTUD5 directly interacts with MyD88 and cleaves its K11-linked polyubiquitin chains at Lys95, Lys231 and Lys250. This polyubiquitin cleavage enhances MyD88 oligomerization after LPS stimulation, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of downstream IRAK4 and IRAK2 to form Myddosome and the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling and production of inflammatory cytokines. Consistently, Otud5-deficient mice are less susceptible to LPS- and CLP-induced sepsis. Taken together, our findings reveal a positive regulatory role of OTUD5 in MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation, which provides new sights into the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiahua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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Kannan SK, Kim CY, Heidarian M, Berton RR, Jensen IJ, Griffith TS, Badovinac VP. Mouse Models of Sepsis. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e997. [PMID: 38439603 PMCID: PMC10917121 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Human sepsis is a complex disease that manifests with a diverse range of phenotypes and inherent variability among individuals, making it hard to develop a comprehensive animal model. Despite this difficulty, numerous models have been developed that capture many key aspects of human sepsis. The robustness of these models is vital for conducting pre-clinical studies to test and develop potential therapeutics. In this article, we describe four different models of murine sepsis that can be used to address different scientific questions relevant to the pathology and immune response during and after a septic event. Basic Protocol 1 details a non-synchronous cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, where mice are subjected to polymicrobial exposure through surgery at different time points within 2 weeks. This variation in sepsis onset establishes each mouse at a different state of inflammation and cytokine levels that mimics the variability observed in humans when they present in the clinic. This model is ideal for studying the long-term impact of sepsis on the host. Basic Protocol 2 is also a type of polymicrobial sepsis, where injection of a specific amount of cecal slurry from a donor mouse into the peritoneum of recipient mice establishes immediate inflammation and sepsis without any need for surgery. Basic Protocol 3 describes infecting mice with a defined gram-positive or -negative bacterial strain to model a subset of sepsis observed in humans infected with a single pathogen. Basic Protocol 4 describes administering LPS to induce sterile endotoxemia. This form of sepsis is observed in humans exposed to bacterial toxins from the environment. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Non-synchronous cecal ligation and puncture Basic Protocol 2: Cecal slurry model of murine sepsis Basic Protocol 3: Monomicrobial model of murine sepsis Basic Protocol 4: LPS model of murine sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan-Kumar Kannan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Caleb Y. Kim
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Roger R. Berton
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Isaac J. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Bruno MEC, Mukherjee S, Sturgill JL, Cornea V, Yeh P, Hawk GS, Saito H, Starr ME. PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis and acute kidney injury in old age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1330433. [PMID: 38304613 PMCID: PMC10830627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1330433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our prior work demonstrated that PAI-1 in plasma is positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients and mice. The objective of this study was to determine if PAI-1 is causally related to AKI and worse sepsis outcomes using a clinically-relevant and age-appropriate murine model of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal slurry (CS)-injection to wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice at young (5-9 months) and old (18-22 months) age. Survival was monitored for at least 10 days or mice were euthanized for tissue collection at 24 or 48 h post-insult. Contrary to our expectation, PAI-1 KO mice at old age were significantly more sensitive to CS-induced sepsis compared to WT mice (24% vs. 65% survival, p = 0.0037). In comparison, loss of PAI-1 at young age had negligible effects on sepsis survival (86% vs. 88% survival, p = 0.8106) highlighting the importance of age as a biological variable. Injury to the kidney was the most apparent pathological consequence and occurred earlier in aged PAI-1 KO mice. Coagulation markers were unaffected by loss of PAI-1, suggesting thrombosis-independent mechanisms for PAI-1-mediated protection. In summary, although high PAI-1 levels are clinically associated with worse sepsis outcomes, loss of PAI-1 rendered mice more susceptible to kidney injury and death in a CS-induced model of sepsis using aged mice. These results implicate PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. C. Bruno
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Virgilius Cornea
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Peng Yeh
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Aldewereld Z, Horvat C, Carcillo JA, Clermont G. EMERGENCE OF A TECHNOLOGY-DEPENDENT PHENOTYPE OF PEDIATRIC SEPSIS IN A LARGE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. Shock 2024; 61:76-82. [PMID: 38010054 PMCID: PMC10842625 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether pediatric sepsis phenotypes are stable in time. Methods: Retrospective cohort study examining children with suspected sepsis admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at a large freestanding children's hospital during two distinct periods: 2010-2014 (early cohort) and 2018-2020 (late cohort). K-means consensus clustering was used to derive types separately in the cohorts. Variables included ensured representation of all organ systems. Results: One thousand ninety-one subjects were in the early cohort and 737 subjects in the late cohort. Clustering analysis yielded four phenotypes in the early cohort and five in the late cohort. Four types were in both: type A (34% of early cohort, 25% of late cohort), mild sepsis, with minimal organ dysfunction and low mortality; type B (25%, 22%), primary respiratory failure; type C (25%, 18%), liver dysfunction, coagulopathy, and higher measures of systemic inflammation; type D (16%, 17%), severe multiorgan dysfunction, with high degrees of cardiorespiratory support, renal dysfunction, and highest mortality. Type E was only detected in the late cohort (19%) and was notable for respiratory failure less severe than B or D, mild hypothermia, and high proportion of diagnoses and technological dependence associated with medical complexity. Despite low mortality, this type had the longest PICU length of stay. Conclusions: This single center study identified four pediatric sepsis phenotypes in an earlier epoch but five in a later epoch, with the new type having a large proportion of characteristics associated with medical complexity, particularly technology dependence. Personalized sepsis therapies need to account for this expanding patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Aldewereld
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Horvat
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Division of Health Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gilles Clermont
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Wheelwright J, Halstead ES, Knehans A, Bonavia AS. Ex Vivo Endotoxin Stimulation of Blood for Predicting Survival in Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review. CHEST CRITICAL CARE 2023; 1:100029. [PMID: 38148988 PMCID: PMC10751038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by host immune dysfunction, with the extent of immunoparalysis differing among patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used commonly to assess the immune function of critically ill patients with sepsis. However, the reliability of this ex vivo diagnostic test in predicting clinical outcomes remains uncertain. RESEARCH QUESTION Does LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production from the blood of patients with sepsis predict mortality? Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital stay durations, nosocomial infection rate, and organ recovery rate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human sepsis studies from various databases through April 2023 were evaluated. Inclusion criteria encompassed LPS-stimulated blood assays, English language, and reported clinical outcomes. Bias risk was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Relationships between TNF production and mortality were analyzed at sepsis onset and during established sepsis, alongside secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of 11,580 studies, 17 studies (14 adult and three pediatric) were selected for analysis. Although 15 studies were evaluated as moderate to high quality using the NOS, it is important to note that some of these studies also had identifiable biases, such as unclear methods of participant recruitment. Nine studies detailed survival outcomes associated with LPS-induced TNF production at sepsis onset, whereas five studies explored TNF production's relationship with mortality during established sepsis. Trends suggested that lower LPS-induced TNF production correlated with higher mortality. However, heterogeneity in methodologies, especially the LPS assay protocol, hindered definitive conclusions. Publication bias was highlighted using funnel plot analysis. Concerning secondary outcomes, diminished TNF production might signify worsening organ dysfunction, although the link between cytokine production and nosocomial infection varied among studies. INTERPRETATION For functional immune profiling in sepsis, streamlined research methodologies are essential. This entails organizing cohorts based on microbial sources of sepsis, establishing standardized definitions of immunoparalysis, using consistent types and dosages of immune stimulants, adhering to uniform blood incubation conditions, and adopting consistent clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wheelwright
- Division of Critical Care Medicine (J. W. and A. S. B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Division of Critical Care (E. S. H.), Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health, and the Penn State College of Medicine (A. K.), Hershey, PA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Division of Critical Care Medicine (J. W. and A. S. B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Division of Critical Care (E. S. H.), Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health, and the Penn State College of Medicine (A. K.), Hershey, PA
| | - Amy Knehans
- Division of Critical Care Medicine (J. W. and A. S. B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Division of Critical Care (E. S. H.), Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health, and the Penn State College of Medicine (A. K.), Hershey, PA
| | - Anthony S Bonavia
- Division of Critical Care Medicine (J. W. and A. S. B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Division of Critical Care (E. S. H.), Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health, and the Penn State College of Medicine (A. K.), Hershey, PA
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Zhou R, Niu K, Wang C, He J, Huang W, Li T, Lan H, Zhang Y, Dang X, Mao L. Human-specific CHRFAM7A primes macrophages for a heightened pro-inflammatory response at the earlier stage of inflammation. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1926-1941. [PMID: 37655479 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is the key effector molecule of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Evolution has evolved a uniquely human α7-nAChR encoded by CHRFAM7A. It has been demonstrated that CHRFAM7A dominant negatively regulates the functions of α7-nAChR. However, its role in inflammation remains to be fully characterized. CHRFAM7A transgenic (Tg) mice were phenotypically normal and their peritoneal macrophages exhibited decreased ligand-binding capability and, importantly, an activated gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, when challenged with sepsis, the Tg mice showed no survival disadvantage relative to their wild-type (Wt) counterparts. Further analysis showed that the complete blood count and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were comparable at resting state, but the degrees of leukocyte mobilization and the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in Tg than Wt mice at the early stage of sepsis. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages of the Tg mice exhibited an exaggerated response to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), especially at the earlier time points and at lower dosages of LPS. Remarkably, monocytes from CHRFAM7A-carrier showed similar dynamic changes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to that observed in the Tg mice upon LPS challenge. Our results suggest that CHRFAM7A increases the mobilization of leukocytes and primes macrophages that confer an enhanced immune response at the early stage of inflammation, which may lead to prompt pathogen clearance, an evolutionary advantage in less severe inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keran Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghui He
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
| | - Liang Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Shapiro L, Scherger S, Franco-Paredes C, Gharamti A, Henao-Martinez AF. Anakinra authorized to treat severe coronavirus disease 2019; Sepsis breakthrough or time to reflect? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250483. [PMID: 37928695 PMCID: PMC10620707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced conditions for using recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) to treat hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and risk for progression. These decisions followed publication of the suPAR-guided Anakinra treatment for Validation of the risk and early Management OF seveRE respiratory failure by COVID-19 (SAVE- MORE) phase 3 clinical trial that yielded positive results. Methods We conducted a literature review and theoretical analysis of IL-1 blockade as a therapy to treat COVID-19. Using a stepwise analysis, we assessed clinical applicability of the SAVE-MORE results and evaluated conceptual support for interleukin-1 suppression as a suitable approach to COVID-19 treatment. This therapeutic approach was then examined as an example of inflammation-suppressing measures used to treat sepsis. Results Anakinra use as a COVID-19 therapy seems to rely on a view of pathogenesis that incorrectly reflects human disease. Since COVID-19 is an example of sepsis, COVID-19 benefit due to anti-inflammatory therapy contradicts an extensive history of unsuccessful clinical study. Repurposing rhIL-1ra to treat COVID-19 appears to exemplify a cycle followed by inflammation-suppressing sepsis treatments. A landscape of treatment failures is interrupted by a successful clinical trial. However, subsequent confirmatory study fails to replicate the positive data. Discussion We suggest further experimentation is not a promising pathway to discover game-changing sepsis therapies. A different kind of approach may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Shapiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sias Scherger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, México
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amal Gharamti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, Waterbury, CT, United States
| | - Andrés F. Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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9
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Lyons NB, Proctor KG. Are the Outcomes of a Pig Endotoxemia Model Applicable to Human Sepsis? Crit Care Med 2023; 51:1102-1104. [PMID: 37439647 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Lyons
- Both authors: Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, Daughtry Family, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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10
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Jiao Y, Wai Tong CS, Rainer TH. An appraisal of studies using mouse models to assist the biomarker discovery for sepsis prognosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17770. [PMID: 37456011 PMCID: PMC10344760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinicians need reliable outcome predictors to improve the prognosis of septic patients. Mouse models are widely used in sepsis research. We aimed to review how mouse models were used to search for novel prognostic biomarkers of sepsis in order to optimize their use for future biomarker discovery. Methods We searched PubMed from 2012 to July 2022 using "((sepsis) AND (mice)) AND ((prognosis) OR (prognostic biomarker))". Results A total of 412 publications were retrieved. We selected those studies in which mouse sepsis was used to demonstrate prognostic potential of biomarker candidates and/or assist the subsequent evaluation in human sepsis for further appraisal. The most frequent models were lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) using young male mice. Discovery technologies applied on mice include setting survival and nonsurvivable groups, detecting changes of biomarker levels and measuring physiological parameters during sepsis. None of the biomarkers achieved sufficient clinical performance for clinical use. Conclusions The number of studies and strategies using mouse models to discover prognostic biomarkers of sepsis are limited. Current mouse models need to be further optimized to better conform to human sepsis. Current biomarker platforms do not achieve predictive performance for clinical use.
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11
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Cai L, Rodgers E, Schoenmann N, Raju RP. Advances in Rodent Experimental Models of Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9578. [PMID: 37298529 PMCID: PMC10253762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of therapeutic strategies for human diseases, preclinical experimental models have a key role. However, the preclinical immunomodulatory therapies developed using rodent sepsis were not successful in human clinical trials. Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammation and redox imbalance triggered by infection. Human sepsis is simulated in experimental models using methods that trigger inflammation or infection in the host animals, most often mice or rats. It remains unknown whether the characteristics of the host species, the methods used to induce sepsis, or the molecular processes focused upon need to be revisited in the development of treatment methods that will succeed in human clinical trials. Our goal in this review is to provide a survey of existing experimental models of sepsis, including the use of humanized mice and dirty mice, and to show how these models reflect the clinical course of sepsis. We will discuss the strengths and limitations of these models and present recent advances in this subject area. We maintain that rodent models continue to have an irreplaceable role in studies toward discovering treatment methods for human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rodgers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nick Schoenmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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12
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Song YQ, Lin WJ, Hu HJ, Wu SH, Jing L, Lu Q, Zhu W. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates sepsis-associated brain injury via inhibiting NOD-like receptor 3/caspase-1/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110111. [PMID: 37028275 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been reported to protect organ function in sepsis. However, the attenuation of sepsis-associated brain injury and its underlying mechanisms by STS has not been established. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the cecal ligation perforation (CLP) model, and STS was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the surgery. The BV2 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide after being pre-treated with STS for 4 h. The STS protective effects against brain injury and in vivo anti-neuroinflammatory effects were investigated using the 48-hour survival rate and body weight changes, brain water content, histopathological staining, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and transmission electron microscopy. The pro-inflammatory cytokines of BV2 cells were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. At last, the levels of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in brain tissues of the CLP model and BV2 cells were detected using western blotting. RESULTS STS increased the survival rate, decreased brain water content, and improved brain pathological damage in the CLP models. STS increased the expressions of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Claudin5 while reducing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the brain tissues of the CLP models. Meanwhile, STS inhibited microglial activation and M1-type polarization in vitro and in vivo. The NLRP3/caspase-1/ gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis was activated in the brain tissues of the CLP models and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells, which was significantly inhibited by STS. CONCLUSIONS The activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and subsequent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines may be the underlying mechanisms of STS against sepsis-associated brain injury and neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Ji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Jie Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Herout R, Vappala S, Hanstock S, Moskalev I, Chew BH, Kizhakkedathu JN, Lange D. Development of a High-Throughput Urosepsis Mouse Model. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040604. [PMID: 37111490 PMCID: PMC10143079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine sepsis models are typically polymicrobial, and are associated with high mortality. We aimed to develop a high-throughput murine model that mimics a slow-paced, monomicrobial sepsis originating from the urinary tract. A total of 23 male C57Bl/6 mice underwent percutaneous insertion of a 4 mm catheter into the bladder using an ultrasound-guided method, previously developed by our group. The following day, Proteus mirabilis (PM) was introduced percutaneously in the bladder in three groups: g1-50 µL 1 × 108 CFU/mL solution (n = 10); g2-50 µL 1 × 107 CFU/mL solution (n = 10); and g3 (sham mice)-50 µL sterile saline (n = 3). On day 4, mice were sacrificed. The number of planktonic bacteria in urine, adherent to catheters, and adherent to/invaded into the bladder and spleen was assessed. Cell-free DNA, D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and 32 pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were quantified in the blood. All mice survived the 4 day postinterventional period. Mean weight loss was 11% in g1, 9% in g2, and 3% in the control mice. Mean urine CFU counts were highest in group 1. All catheters showed high catheter-adhered bacterial counts. Of the infected mice, 17/20 had CFU counts in the splenic tissue, indicating septicemia. Plasma levels of cell-free DNA, D-dimer, and the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IP-10, MIG, and G-CSF were significantly elevated in infected mice versus controls. We present a reproducible, monomicrobial murine model of urosepsis that does not lead to rapid deterioration and death, and is useful for studying prolonged urosepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Herout
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sreeparna Vappala
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah Hanstock
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Igor Moskalev
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ben H Chew
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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14
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Dumbuya JS, Li S, Liang L, Zeng Q. Paediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE): a comprehensive review. Mol Med 2023; 29:27. [PMID: 36823611 PMCID: PMC9951490 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the most common types of organ dysfunction without overt central nervous system (CNS) infection. It is associated with higher mortality, low quality of life, and long-term neurological sequelae, its mortality in patients diagnosed with sepsis, progressing to SAE, is 9% to 76%. The pathophysiology of SAE is still unknown, but its mechanisms are well elaborated, including oxidative stress, increased cytokines and proinflammatory factors levels, disturbances in the cerebral circulation, changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, injury to the brain's vascular endothelium, altered levels of neurotransmitters, changes in amino acid levels, dysfunction of cerebral microvascular cells, mitochondria dysfunction, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and neuronal death. The diagnosis of SAE involves excluding direct CNS infection or other types of encephalopathies, which might hinder its early detection and appropriate implementation of management protocols, especially in paediatric patients where only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The most commonly applied diagnostic tools include electroencephalography, neurological imaging, and biomarker detection. SAE treatment mainly focuses on managing underlying conditions and using antibiotics and supportive therapy. In contrast, sedative medication is used judiciously to treat those showing features such as agitation. The most widely used medication is dexmedetomidine which is neuroprotective by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and reducing a sepsis-associated inflammatory response, resulting in improved short-term mortality and shorter time on a ventilator. Other agents, such as dexamethasone, melatonin, and magnesium, are also being explored in vivo and ex vivo with encouraging results. Managing modifiable factors associated with SAE is crucial in improving generalised neurological outcomes. From those mentioned above, there are still only a few experimentation models of paediatric SAE and its treatment strategies. Extrapolation of adult SAE models is challenging because of the evolving brain and technical complexity of the model being investigated. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of paediatric SAE, its pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and potential emerging neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sieh Dumbuya
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Zeng
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhai H, Zhang J, Shang D, Zhu C, Xiang X. The progress to establish optimal animal models for the study of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087274. [PMID: 36844207 PMCID: PMC9947362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) defines a complicated and multifaceted syndrome characterized by acute liver dysfunction following an acute insult on the basis of chronic liver diseases. It is usually concurrent with bacterial infection and multi-organ failure resulting in high short-term mortality. Based on the cohort studies in ACLF worldwide, the clinical course of ACLF was demonstrated to comprise three major stages including chronic liver injury, acute hepatic/extrahepatic insult, and systemic inflammatory response caused by over-reactive immune system especially bacterial infection. However, due to the lack of optimal experimental animal models for ACLF, the progress of basic study on ACLF is limping. Though several experimental ACLF models were established, none of them can recapitulate and simulate the whole pathological process of ACLF patients. Recently, we have developed a novel mouse model for ACLF combining chronic liver injury [injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks], acute hepatic insult (injection of a double dose CCl4), and bacterial infection (intraperitoneal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae), which could recapitulate the major clinical features of patients with ACLF worsened by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengben Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China,Chuanwu Zhu,
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaogang Xiang,
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16
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Lyons JD, Mandal P, Otani S, Chihade DB, Easley KF, Swift DA, Burd EM, Liang Z, Koval M, Mocarski ES, Coopersmith CM. The RIPK3 Scaffold Regulates Lung Inflammation During Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:150-160. [PMID: 36178467 PMCID: PMC9986559 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0474oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) activity triggers cell death via necroptosis, whereas scaffold function supports protein binding and cytokine production. To determine if RIPK3 kinase or scaffold domains mediate pathology during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, control mice and those with deletion or mutation of RIPK3 and associated signaling partners were subjected to Pseudomonas pneumonia and followed for survival or killed for biologic assays. Murine immune cells were studied in vitro for Pseudomonas-induced cytokine production and cell death, and RIPK3 binding interactions were blocked with the viral inhibitor M45. Human tissue effects were assayed by infecting airway epithelial cells with Pseudomonas and measuring cytokine production after siRNA inhibition of RIPK3. Deletion of RIPK3 reduced inflammation and decreased animal mortality after Pseudomonas pneumonia. RIPK3 kinase inactivation did neither. In cell culture, RIPK3 was dispensable for cell killing by Pseudomonas and instead drove cytokine production that required the RIPK3 scaffold domain but not kinase activity. Blocking the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) with M45 reduced the inflammatory response to infection in vitro. Similarly, siRNA knockdown of RIPK3 decreased infection-triggered inflammation in human airway epithelial cells. Thus, the RIPK3 scaffold drives deleterious pulmonary inflammation and mortality in a relevant clinical model of Pseudomonas pneumonia. This process is distinct from kinase-mediated necroptosis, requiring only the RIPK3 RHIM. Inhibition of RHIM signaling is a potential strategy to reduce lung inflammation during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristen F. Easley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Cao Y, Bai C, Si P, Yan X, Zhang P, Yisha Z, Lu P, Tuoheti K, Guo L, Chen Z, Bai X, Liu T. A novel model of urosepsis in rats developed by injection of Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1074488. [PMID: 36685507 PMCID: PMC9849364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, urosepsis remains a life-threatening, high-mortality disease. Currently, animal models of urosepsis widely accepted by investigators are very scarce. This study aimed to establish a standardized and reproducible model of urosepsis in rats. Forty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the concentration of injected E. coli suspensions: Sham, Sep 3×, Sep 6×, and Sep 12×. Because the ureter is so thin and fragile, no conventional needle can be inserted into the ureter, which is probably why rats are rarely used to develop models of urosepsis. To solve this problem, the left ureter was ligated in the first procedure. After 24 hours, the left ureter above the ligation was significantly dilated, then saline or different concentrations of E. coli at 3 ml/kg were injected into the left renal pelvis using a 30G needle. The left ureter was subsequently ligated again at a distance of 1 cm from the renal hilum to maintain high pressure in the renal pelvis. Following injection of E. coli or saline for 24 h, three rats from each group were sacrificed and their organs (lung, liver, and right kidney) were collected. In contrast, the remaining seven rats continued to be observed for survival. At 10 days after E. coli injection, rats in the sep12× group had a higher mortality rate (100%) compared to the sep3× group (28.6%) or the sep6× group (71.4%). The significant changes in peripheral blood WBC count, serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also in the sep12× group. In addition, rats in the sepsis group showed multi-organ dysfunction, including damage to the lungs, liver, and kidneys. The establishment of a standardized rat model of urosepsis may be of great value for studying the pathophysiological of urosepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Cao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Bai
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui Si
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuhaer Yisha
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuerban Tuoheti
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linfa Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Bai
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Tongzu Liu, ; Xiaojie Bai,
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Tongzu Liu, ; Xiaojie Bai,
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Ding F, Zhu J, Hu Y. Circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 aggravates pyroptosis and inflammation in septic lung tissue by promoting microRNA-766/eukaryotic initiation factor 5A axis-mediated ATP efflux. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e380323. [PMID: 36888755 PMCID: PMC10037555 DOI: 10.1590/acb380323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response to infection, often with multiple organ failures, especially severe lung injury. This study was implemented to probe circular RNA (circRNA) protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2)-associated regulatory mechanisms in septic acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture-based mouse model and an lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-based alveolar type II cell (RLE-6TN) model were generated to mimic sepsis. In the two models, inflammation- and pyroptosis-related genes were measured. RESULTS The degree of lung injury in mice was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptosis was by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. In addition, pyroptosis and toxicity were detected in cells. Finally, the binding relationship between circPTK2, miR-766, and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) was detected. Data indicated that circPTK2 and eIF5A were up-regulated and miR-766 was down-regulated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells and lung tissue of septic mice. Lung injury in septic mice was ameliorated after inhibition of circPTK2. CONCLUSIONS It was confirmed in the cell model that knockdown of circPTK2 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced ATP efflux, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, circPTK2 mediated eIF5A expression by competitively adsorbing miR-766. Taken together, circPTK2/miR-766/eIF5A axis ameliorates septic ALI, developing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuYan Ding
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
| | - JiaLu Zhu
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
| | - YanLei Hu
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
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19
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Kim GO, Kim N, Song GY, Bae JS. Inhibitory Activities of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810836. [PMID: 36142743 PMCID: PMC9505814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an uncontrolled response to inflammatory infection and is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside mainly found in the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the major protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside of black ginseng. In this study, we determined whether Rg4 affects cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Animals were separated into the following six groups: control group, CLP-operated group, CLP plus maslinic acid (MA), and CLP plus Rg4 (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight changes, inflammatory cytokines, and histological analyses were assessed. Human endothelial cells were activated with the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and Rg4. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to assess inflammation and gene expression, respectively. After CLP surgery, the Rg4-administered group exhibited a higher survival rate and body weight compared with the untreated control group. Rg4 treatment reduced cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels and renal inflammation. After Rg4 treatment of HMGB1-activated cells, the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TNF-α were decreased, and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling increased cell viability. In summary, Rg4 inhibited inflammation and exhibited a protective effect against CLP-induced sepsis, thereby reinforcing cell survival against septic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Oun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
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20
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Kynurenine Pathway-An Underestimated Factor Modulating Innate Immunity in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury? Cells 2022; 11:cells11162604. [PMID: 36010680 PMCID: PMC9406744 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, and it accounts for about half of the cases of acute kidney injury (AKI). Although sepsis is the most frequent cause of AKI in critically ill patients, its pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Sepsis has the ability to modulate the function of cells belonging to the innate immune system. Increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and production of kynurenines are the major metabolic pathways utilized by innate immunity cells to maintain immunological tolerance. The activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a dual role in sepsis—in the early stage, the induction of IDO1 elicits strong proinflammatory effects that may lead to tissue damage and septic shock. Afterwards, depletion of tryptophan and production of kynurenines contribute to the development of immunosuppression that may cause the inability to overpower opportunistic infections. The presented review provides available data on the various interdependencies between elements of innate immunity and sepsis-induced AKI (SAKI) with particular emphasis on the immunomodulatory significance of KP in the above processes. We believe that KP activation may be one of the crucial, though underestimated, components of a deregulated host response to infection during SAKI.
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21
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Bick A, Buys W, Engler A, Madel R, Atia M, Faro F, Westendorf AM, Limmer A, Buer J, Herbstreit F, Kirschning CJ, Peters J. Immune hyporeactivity to bacteria and multiple TLR-ligands, yet no response to checkpoint inhibition in patients just after meeting Sepsis-3 criteria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273247. [PMID: 35981050 PMCID: PMC9387870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale
The immune profile of sepsis patients is incompletely understood and hyperinflammation and hypoinflammation may occur concurrently or sequentially. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) may counter hypoinflammation but effects are uncertain. We tested the reactivity of septic whole blood to bacteria, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and to ICI.
Methods
Whole blood assays of 61 patients’ samples within 24h of meeting sepsis-3 criteria and 12 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Measurements included pattern/danger-associated molecular pattern (P/DAMP), cytokine concentrations at baseline and in response to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concentration of soluble and cellular immune checkpoint molecules, and cytokine concentrations in response to ICI directed against programmed-death receptor 1 (PD1), PD1-ligand 1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, both in the absence and presence of LPS.
Main results
In sepsis, concentrations of P/DAMPs and inflammatory cytokines were increased and the latter increased further upon incubation ex vivo. However, cytokine responses to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated S. aureus or E. coli, and E. coli LPS were all depressed. Depression of the response to LPS was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Despite increased PD-1 expression on monocytes and T-cells, and monocyte CTLA-4 expression, however, addition of corresponding checkpoint inhibitors to assays failed to increase inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the absence and presence of LPS.
Conclusion
Patients first meeting Sepsis-3 criteria reveal 1) depressed responses to multiple TLR-ligands, bacteria, and bacterial LPS, despite concomitant inflammation, but 2) no response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bick
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Willem Buys
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Engler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mazen Atia
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Limmer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Herbstreit
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten J. Kirschning
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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22
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Shapiro L, Scherger S, Franco-Paredes C, Gharamti AA, Fraulino D, Henao-Martinez AF. Chasing the Ghost: Hyperinflammation Does Not Cause Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910516. [PMID: 35814227 PMCID: PMC9260244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is infection sufficient to cause illness in the infected host, and more severe forms of sepsis can result in organ malfunction or death. Severe forms of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), or disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are examples of sepsis. Following infection, sepsis is thought to result from excessive inflammation generated in the infected host, also referred to as a cytokine storm. Sepsis can result in organ malfunction or death. Since COVID-19 is an example of sepsis, the hyperinflammation concept has influenced scientific investigation and treatment approaches to COVID-19. However, decades of laboratory study and more than 100 clinical trials designed to quell inflammation have failed to reduce sepsis mortality. We examine theoretical support underlying widespread belief that hyperinflammation or cytokine storm causes sepsis. Our analysis shows substantial weakness of the hyperinflammation approach to sepsis that includes conceptual confusion and failure to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between hyperinflammation and sepsis. We conclude that anti-inflammation approaches to sepsis therapy have little chance of future success. Therefore, anti-inflammation approaches to treat COVID-19 are likewise at high risk for failure. We find persistence of the cytokine storm concept in sepsis perplexing. Although treatment approaches based on the hyperinflammation concept of pathogenesis have failed, the concept has shown remarkable resilience and appears to be unfalsifiable. An approach to understanding this resilience is to consider the hyperinflammation or cytokine storm concept an example of a scientific paradigm. Thomas Kuhn developed the idea that paradigms generate rules of investigation that both shape and restrict scientific progress. Intrinsic features of scientific paradigms include resistance to falsification in the face of contradictory data and inability of experimentation to generate alternatives to a failing paradigm. We call for rejection of the concept that hyperinflammation or cytokine storm causes sepsis. Using the hyperinflammation or cytokine storm paradigm to guide COVID-19 treatments is likewise unlikely to provide progress. Resources should be redirected to more promising avenues of investigation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Shapiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Leland Shapiro,
| | - Sias Scherger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amal A. Gharamti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, Waterbury, CT, United States
| | - David Fraulino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrés F. Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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23
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Harriett AJ, Esher Righi S, Lilly EA, Fidel P, Noverr MC. Efficacy of Candida dubliniensis and Fungal β-Glucans in Inducing Trained Innate Immune Protection Against Inducers of Sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:898030. [PMID: 35770067 PMCID: PMC9234138 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.898030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal-bacterial intra-abdominal infections (IAI) can lead to sepsis with significant morbidity and mortality. We have established a murine model of Candida albicans (Ca) and Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) IAI that results in acute lethal sepsis. Prior intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation with low virulence Candida dubliniensis (Cd) confers high level protection against lethal Ca/Sa IAI and sepsis. Protection via Cd immunization is associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediated by Gr-1+ putative myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) representing a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII). The objective of these studies was to determine the extent of Cd-mediated TII against sepsis of broad origin and explore the potential of fungal cell wall components as abiotic immunogen alternatives to induce TII, including zymosan depleted of TLR2 activity (d-zymosan), or purified preparations of β-glucan. Immunized mice were challenged 14 days post-immunization with a lethal array of live or abiotic inducers of sepsis, including Ca/Sa, Ca/Escherichia coli (Ca/Ec), LPS or untreated zymosan. Results showed that live Cd immunization was protective against sepsis induced by Ca/Ec and zymosan, but not LPS. Similar to protection against Ca/Sa, survival was dependent on Gr-1+ cells with no role for macrophages. Among the fungal cell wall compounds as immunogens, immunization with d-zymosan and an alkali-treated form of β-glucan also resulted in significant protection against sepsis induced by Ca/Sa or Ca/Ec, but not LPS sepsis. Again, there was a strong dependence on Gr-1+ cells for protection with one exception, an added role for macrophages in the case of protection induced by alkali-treated β-glucan. Overall, these results demonstrate that immunization with Cd as well as abiotic fungal cell components are capable of Gr-1+ cell-mediated trained innate immune protection against sepsis of broad microbial origin. In addition, abiotic β-glucans represent potential alternatives to live Cd for protection against lethal polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Harriett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shannon Esher Righi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Lilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mairi C. Noverr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mairi C. Noverr,
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24
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Liu C, Peng Q, Wei L, Li Z, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Wen Y, Zheng R, Yan Q, Ye Q, Ma J. Deficiency of Lactoferrin aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation via recruitment macrophage in mice. Biometals 2022; 36:549-562. [PMID: 35650365 PMCID: PMC9159647 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), a multiple functional natural immune protein, is widely distributed in mammalian milk and glandular secretions (bile, saliva, tears and nasal mucosal secretions, etc.). In the previous study, we found that Lf plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis role in AOM/DSS (azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium) induced mouse colitis-associated colon cancer model.
Although we found that Lf has anti-inflammatory effects in chronic inflammation, its specific role and mechanisms in acute inflammation have not been clarified. Here, we reported that the expression levels of Lf were significantly increased when the organism was infected by Gram-negative bacteria. We then explored the role and potential mechanism of Lf in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation. In the LPS-induced acute abdominal inflammation model, Lf deficiency aggravated inflammatory response and promoted macrophage chemotaxis to the inflammation site. Lf inhibited macrophage chemotaxis by suppressing the expression of macrophage-associated chemokines Ccl2 and Ccl5. Highly activated NF-κB signaling in Lf−/− mice was responsible for the high expression of Ccl2 and Ccl5. Our results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of Lf offers a new potential treatment for acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Immunology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wen
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Run Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiurong Ye
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China.
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25
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Aldewereld ZT, Zhang LA, Urbano A, Parker RS, Swigon D, Banerjee I, Gómez H, Clermont G. Identification of Clinical Phenotypes in Septic Patients Presenting With Hypotension or Elevated Lactate. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:794423. [PMID: 35665340 PMCID: PMC9160971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.794423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted therapies for sepsis have failed to show benefit due to high variability among subjects. We sought to demonstrate different phenotypes of septic shock based solely on clinical features and show that these relate to outcome. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of a 1,023-subject cohort with early septic shock from the ProCESS trial. Twenty-three clinical variables at baseline were analyzed using hierarchical clustering, with consensus clustering used to identify and validate the ideal number of clusters in a derivation cohort of 642 subjects from 20 hospitals. Clusters were visualized using heatmaps over 0, 6, 24, and 72 h. Clinical outcomes were 14-day all-cause mortality and organ failure pattern. Cluster robustness was confirmed in a validation cohort of 381 subjects from 11 hospitals. Results Five phenotypes were identified, each with unique organ failure patterns that persisted in time. By enrollment criteria, all patients had shock. The two high-risk phenotypes were characterized by distinct multi-organ failure patterns and cytokine signatures, with the highest mortality group characterized most notably by liver dysfunction and coagulopathy while the other group exhibited primarily respiratory failure, neurologic dysfunction, and renal dysfunction. The moderate risk phenotype was that of respiratory failure, while low-risk phenotypes did not have a high degree of additional organ failure. Conclusions Sepsis phenotypes with distinct biochemical abnormalities may be identified by clinical characteristics alone and likely provide an opportunity for early clinical actionability and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Aldewereld
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Zachary T. Aldewereld
| | - Li Ang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alisa Urbano
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert S. Parker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David Swigon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hernando Gómez
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gilles Clermont
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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26
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Hof S, Marcus C, Kuebart A, Schulz J, Truse R, Raupach A, Bauer I, Flögel U, Picker O, Herminghaus A, Temme S. A Toolbox to Investigate the Impact of Impaired Oxygen Delivery in Experimental Disease Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869372. [PMID: 35652064 PMCID: PMC9149176 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization is the underlying pathophysiological process in different shock states. Clinically most important are septic and hemorrhagic shock, which comprise more than 75% of all clinical cases of shock. Both forms lead to severe dysfunction of the microcirculation and the mitochondria that can cause or further aggravate tissue damage and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of acute and long-term effects of impaired oxygen utilization are still elusive. Importantly, a defective oxygen exploitation can impact multiple organs simultaneously and organ damage can be aggravated due to intense organ cross-talk or the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Complexity is further increased through a large heterogeneity in the human population, differences in genetics, age and gender, comorbidities or disease history. To gain a deeper understanding of the principles, mechanisms, interconnections and consequences of impaired oxygen delivery and utilization, interdisciplinary preclinical as well as clinical research is required. In this review, we provide a "tool-box" that covers widely used animal disease models for septic and hemorrhagic shock and methods to determine the structure and function of the microcirculation as well as mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we suggest magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodal imaging platform to noninvasively assess the consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on organ function, cell metabolism, alterations in tissue textures or inflammation. Combining structural and functional analyses of oxygen delivery and utilization in animal models with additional data obtained by multiparametric MRI-based techniques can help to unravel mechanisms underlying immediate effects as well as long-term consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on multiple organs and may narrow the gap between experimental preclinical research and the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Salmani H, Hosseini M, Nabi MM, Samadi-Noshahr Z, Baghcheghi Y, Sadeghi M. Exacerbated immune response of the brain to peripheral immune challenge in post-septic mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:74-85. [PMID: 35523357 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence indicates that sepsis can induce long-lasting brain dysfunction. Recently, it has been proposed that the brain may become more sensitive to systemic inflammation if microglial cells are already primed. Microglial priming has been demonstrated in aging, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence suggesting that systemic inflammation may also prime microglia. This study aimed to investigate the brain's response to a second immune challenge in sepsis survivors and the possible role of microglial priming. METHODS Adult BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for sepsis induction. One month later, mice received a second immune challenge (LPS, 0.33 mg/kg). A cohort of mice was sacrificed 2 h post-LPS injection to measure inflammatory mediators mRNA expression. The second cohort of mice was tested on a battery of behavioral tests and then sacrificed, and brain tissues were removed for biochemical analyses. RESULTS Results showed that in septic mice, secondary LPS challenge induced heightened neuroinflammation compared to the control mice, as evident by a significant increase of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA expression. In the immunochallenged septic mice, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression was also significantly increased compared to the control mice. Sepsis induction significantly disrupted the recognition ability in the novel object recognition, but the second immune challenge had no significant effect. However, immunochallenged septic mice exhibited more anxiety-like behavior in the marble burying task and intensive depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Additionally, the second immune challenge reduced arginase-1 levels in septic but not control mice. On the other hand, CIITA levels were increased more significantly in the LPS injected control mice compared to septic mice. Neither sepsis nor the second immune challenge significantly affected inhibitory avoidance behavior and Aβ1-42 levels in brain tissue. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that low-grade immune challenge can induce exacerbated behavioral change and exaggerated inflammatory response in the brain of post-septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salmani
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Nabi
- Mashhad Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Zhu J, Zhong F, Chen F, Yang Y, Liao Y, Cao L, Zhou Y, Bai Q. circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:403-413. [PMID: 35291714 PMCID: PMC8886607 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a respiratory disorder characterized by acute respiratory failure. circRNA mus musculus (mmu)-circ_0001679 was reported overexpressed in septic mouse models of ALI. Here the function of circ_0001679 in sepsis-induced ALI was investigated. In vitro models and animal models with ALI were, respectively, established in mouse lung epithelial (MLE)-12 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Pulmonary specimens were harvested for examination of the pathological changes. The pulmonary permeability was examined by wet-dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung permeability index. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the lung tissues, and the supernatant of MLE-12 cells were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to assess the interactions between genes. We found that circ_0001679 was overexpressed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MLE-12 cells. circ_0001679 knockdown suppressed apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS. Moreover, circ_0001679 bound to mmu-miR-338-3p and miR-338-3p targeted dual-specificity phosphatases 16 (DUSP16). DUSP16 overexpression reversed the effect of circ_0001679 knockdown in LPS-stimulated MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, circ_0001679 knockdown attenuated lung pathological changes, reduced pulmonary microvascular permeability, and suppressed inflammation in ALI mice. Overall, circ_0001679 knockdown inhibits sepsis-induced ALI progression through the miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fukuan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Futao Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Liao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaohong Bai
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongfu Road 1, Gulou District, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
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Rosier F, Nuñez NF, Torres M, Loriod B, Rihet P, Pradel LC. Transcriptional Response in a Sepsis Mouse Model Reflects Transcriptional Response in Sepsis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020821. [PMID: 35055007 PMCID: PMC8776114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality due to sepsis remains unacceptably high, especially for septic shock patients. Murine models have been used to better understand pathophysiology mechanisms. However, the mouse model is still under debate. Herein we investigated the transcriptional response of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compared it to either human cells stimulated in vitro with LPS or to the blood cells of septic patients. We identified a molecular signature composed of 2331 genes with an FDR median of 0%. This molecular signature is highly enriched in regulated genes in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS. There is significant enrichment in several inflammatory signaling pathways, and in disease terms, such as pneumonia, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, an inflammatory disorder, immune suppression, and septic shock. A significant overlap between the genes upregulated in mouse and human cells stimulated with LPS has been demonstrated. Finally, genes upregulated in mouse cells stimulated with LPS are enriched in genes upregulated in human cells stimulated in vitro and in septic patients, who are at high risk of death. Our results support the hypothesis of common molecular and cellular mechanisms between mouse and human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Rihet
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.C.P.); Tel.: +33-491828723 (P.R.); +33-491828745 (L.C.P.)
| | - Lydie C. Pradel
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.C.P.); Tel.: +33-491828723 (P.R.); +33-491828745 (L.C.P.)
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30
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Bruno ME, Mukherjee S, Stromberg AJ, Saito H, Starr ME. Visceral fat-specific regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in aged septic mice. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:706-719. [PMID: 34369600 PMCID: PMC8810697 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our previous work demonstrated that visceral adipose tissues (VAT) are a major source of PAI-1, especially in the aged (murine endotoxemia), that circulating PAI-1 protein levels match the trajectory of PAI-1 transcript levels in VAT (clinical sepsis), and that PAI-1 in both VAT and plasma are positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients. In the current study utilizing preclinical sepsis models, PAI-1 tissue distribution was examined and cellular sources, as well as mechanisms mediating PAI-1 induction in VAT, were identified. In aged mice with sepsis, PAI-1 gene expression was significantly higher in VAT than in other major organs. VAT PAI-1 gene expression correlated with PAI-1 protein levels in both VAT and plasma. Moreover, VAT and plasma levels of PAI-1 were positively associated with AKI markers, modeling our previous clinical data. Using explant cultures of VAT, we determined that PAI-1 is secreted robustly in response to recombinant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment; however, neutralization was effective only for TNFα indicating that TGFβ is not an endogenous modulator of PAI-1. Within VAT, TNFα was localized to neutrophils and macrophages. PAI-1 protein levels were fourfold higher in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells compared with mature adipocytes, and among SVF cells, both immune and nonimmune compartments expressed PAI-1 in a similar fashion. PAI-1 was localized predominantly to macrophages within the immune compartment and preadipocytes and endothelial cells within the nonimmune compartment. Collectively, these results indicate that induction and secretion of PAI-1 from VAT is facilitated by a complex interaction among immune and nonimmune cells. As circulating PAI-1 contributes to AKI in sepsis, understanding PAI-1 regulation in VAT could yield novel strategies for reducing systemic consequences of PAI-1 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E.C. Bruno
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Arnold J. Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Vale A, Nascimento D, Pineros A, Ferreira R, Santos J, Aragon D, Cunha F, Ramalho F, Alves-Filho J, Carlotti A. Riboflavin did not provide anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects in an experimental model of sepsis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12107. [PMID: 35648977 PMCID: PMC9150426 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether the administration of riboflavin to septic animals reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, and mortality. C57BL/6 mice, 6-8 weeks old, were allocated to the study group (polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) + antibiotic + iv riboflavin), control (CLP + antibiotic + iv saline), or naïve (non-operated controls). Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), urea, and creatinine, and markers of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2)], and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured 12 h after the experiment. Animal survival rates were calculated after 7 days. Means between groups were compared using linear regression models adjusted under the Bayesian approach. No significant difference was observed between control and study groups in serum concentrations of IL-6 (95% credible interval) (-0.35 to 0.44), TNF-α (-15.7 to 99.1), KC (-0.13 to 0.05), MIP-2 (-0.84 to 0.06), MDA (-1.25 to 2.53), or ALT (-6.6 to 11.5). Serum concentrations of CK-MB (-145.1 to -30.1), urea (-114.7 to -15.1), and creatinine (-1.14 to -0.01) were higher in the study group. Survival was similar in both groups (P=0.8). Therefore, the use of riboflavin in mice undergoing sepsis induced by CLP did not reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, or mortality compared with placebo.
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32
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Dash SP, Chakraborty P, Sarangi PP. Inflammatory Monocytes and Subsets of Macrophages with Distinct Surface Phenotype Correlate with Specific Integrin Expression Profile during Murine Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2841-2855. [PMID: 34732468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages participate in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during sepsis. Integrins are the cell adhesion receptors that mediate leukocyte migration and functions. To date, it is not known whether integrin profiles correlate with their trafficking, differentiation, and polarization during sepsis. In this study, using endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture model of murine sepsis, we have analyzed the role of surface integrins in tissue-specific infiltration, distribution of monocytes and macrophages, and their association with inflammation-induced phenotypic and functional alterations postinduction (p.i.) of sepsis. Our data show that Ly-6Chi inflammatory monocytes infiltrated into the peritoneum from blood and bone marrow within a few hours p.i. of sepsis, with differential distribution of small (Ly-6CloCD11bloF4/80lo) and large peritoneal macrophages (Ly-6CloCD11bhiF4/80hi) in both models. The results from flow cytometry studies demonstrated a higher expression of integrin α4β1 on the Ly-6Chi monocytes in different tissues, whereas macrophages in the peritoneum and lungs expressed higher levels of integrin α5β1 and αvβ3 in both models. Additionally, F4/80+ cells with CD206hiMHCIIlo phenotype increased in the lungs of both models by six hours p.i. and expressed higher levels of integrin αvβ3 in both lungs and peritoneum. The presence of such cells correlated with higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-1β transcripts within six hours p.i. in the lungs compared with the mesentery. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis with its experimental validation revealed an association of integrin α4 and α5 with inflammatory (e.g., p-SRC) and integrin αv with regulatory molecules (e.g., TGFBR1) in macrophages during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Prasad Dash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Papiya Chakraborty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Ding X, Kambara H, Guo R, Kanneganti A, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Li J, Liu F, Bei T, Qi W, Xie X, Han W, Liu N, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao L, Ma F, Köhler JR, Luo HR. Inflammasome-mediated GSDMD activation facilitates escape of Candida albicans from macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6699. [PMID: 34795266 PMCID: PMC8602704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal sepsis. Inhibition of inflammasome activity confers resistance to polymicrobial and LPS-induced sepsis; however, inflammasome signaling appears to protect against C. albicans infection, so inflammasome inhibitors are not clinically useful for candidiasis. Here we show disruption of GSDMD, a known inflammasome target and key pyroptotic cell death mediator, paradoxically alleviates candidiasis, improving outcomes and survival of Candida-infected mice. Mechanistically, C. albicans hijacked the canonical inflammasome-GSDMD axis-mediated pyroptosis to promote their escape from macrophages, deploying hyphae and candidalysin, a pore-forming toxin expressed by hyphae. GSDMD inhibition alleviated candidiasis by preventing C. albicans escape from macrophages while maintaining inflammasome-dependent but GSDMD-independent IL-1β production for anti-fungal host defenses. This study demonstrates key functions for GSDMD in Candida's escape from host immunity in vitro and in vivo and suggests that GSDMD may be a potential therapeutic target in C. albicans-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ding
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Bei
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenli Han
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ningning Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cunling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Julia R Köhler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Bringué J, Guillamat-Prats R, Martinez ML, Torrents E, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Blanch L, Artigas A. Methotrexate Ameliorates Systemic Inflammation and Septic Associated-Lung Damage in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture Septic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179612. [PMID: 34502521 PMCID: PMC8431751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a serious, heterogeneous clinical entity produced by a severe and systemic host inflammatory response to infection. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate-antagonist that induces the generation of adenosine and also inhibits JAK/STAT pathway; MTX it is widely used as an anti-inflammatory drug to control the immune system. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of a single and low dose of MTX in the systemic response and acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis. As in the clinics, we treated our animals with antibiotics and fluids and performed the source control to mimic the current clinic treatment. Methods and main results: Sepsis was induced in rats by a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) procedure. Six hours after induction of sepsis, we proceeded to the source control; fluids and antibiotics were administered at 6 h and 24 h after CLP. MTX (2.5 mg/Kg) was administered 6 h after the first surgery in one CLP experimental group and to one Sham group. A protective effect of MTX was observed through a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung. In addition, we found a regulation in adenosine receptor A2aR and the metalloproteinases by MTX. Conclusion: A single, low dose of MTX attenuates sepsis lung-associated damage by decreasing pro-inflammatory response, infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells and avoiding defective tissue lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bringué
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-3723-1010
| | - Maria Luisa Martinez
- Critical Care Center—Hospital Universitario General de Catalunya, 08190 Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain;
| | - Eva Torrents
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
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Huang X, Zhang MZ, Liu B, Ma SY, Yin X, Guo LH. Astragaloside IV Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats via IKK/NF-κB Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:825-831. [PMID: 34432200 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-2869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effects of Astragaloside IV (AST) in a rat model of myocardial injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS The model of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was induced by CLP. Using a random number table, 50 specific pathogen free grade of Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: the sham group (sham), the model group (CLP, 18 h/72 h) and AST group (18 h/72 h). Except the sham group, the rats in other groups received CLP surgery to induce sepsis. CLP groups received intragastric administration with normal saline after CLP. AST groups received intragastric administration with AST solution (40 mg/kg) once a day. The levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers in the serum of the septic rats were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time point, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, high mobility group box-1 protein B1 (HMGB-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. Moreover, changes in myocardial pathology were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were analysed to determine the status of CLP-induced myocardium. In addition, the apotosis of myocardial cells was analysed by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), IκB kinase α (IKKα), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by Western blot analysis. Moreover, survival rate was investigated. RESULTS AST improved the survival rate of CLP-induced rats by up to 33.3% (P<0.05). The cardioprotective effect of AST was observed by increased ejection fraction, fractional shortening and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Subsequently, AST attenuated CLP-induced myocardial apoptosis and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the myocardium, as well as the histological alterations of myocardium (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the generation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, HMGB-1) and oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA) in the serum was significantly alleviated (P<0.01 or P<0.05). On the other hand, AST markedly suppressed CLP-induced accumulation of IKK-α and NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS AST plays a significant protective role in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and survival outcome. The possible mechanism of cardioprotection is dependent on the activation of the IKK/NF-κB pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shi-Yu Ma
- Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li-Heng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Liu S, Gao S, Yang Z, Zhang P. miR-128-3p reduced acute lung injury induced by sepsis via targeting PEL12. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1109-1120. [PMID: 34430706 PMCID: PMC8345018 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is clinically a syndrome, which is featured by damage to the alveolar epithelium and endothelium. In this study, we employed mice models of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and primary mice pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) in vitro to investigate the effect of miR-128-3p in ALI caused by sepsis. Methods miR-128-3p agomir or randomized control were injected into adult male C57BL/6 mice 1 week before the CLP surgery. We used miR-128-3p agomir or scrambled control to transfect MPVECs and then employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on the cells. Pellino homolog 2 (PELI2) was predicted to be a direct target of miR-128-3p via luciferase reporter assay. MPVECs were cotransfected with lentiviral vector that expressed PELI2 (or empty vector) as well as miR-128-3p-mimics 1 day before LPS stimulation in rescue experiment. Transcriptional activity of caspase-3, cell apoptosis rate, and the expression levels of miR-128-3p, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and PELI2 were analyzed. Results Compared with the sham group, the lung of mice in the CLP group showed pulmonary morphological abnormalities, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis rate were significantly upregulated in the CLP group. Inflammatory factor levels and apoptosis rate were also significantly induced by LPS stimulation on MPVECs. Upregulation of miR-128-3p effectively inhibited sepsis-induced ALI, apoptosis as well as inflammation. miR-128-3p also played a role in antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation in MPVECs with LPS treatment. PEL12 upregulation in MPVECs alleviated miR-128-3p-induced caspase-3 activity inhibition and pro-inflammatory factor production. Conclusions miR-128-3p enabled to alleviate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting PEL12 expression, indicating a novel treatment strategy of miR-128-3p for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Pecchiari M, Pontikis K, Alevrakis E, Vasileiadis I, Kompoti M, Koutsoukou A. Cardiovascular Responses During Sepsis. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1605-1652. [PMID: 33792902 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the life-threatening organ dysfunction arising from a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the specific mechanisms leading to organ dysfunction are still debated, impaired tissue oxygenation appears to play a major role, and concomitant hemodynamic alterations are invariably present. The hemodynamic phenotype of affected individuals is highly variable for reasons that have been partially elucidated. Indeed, each patient's circulatory condition is shaped by the complex interplay between the medical history, the volemic status, the interval from disease onset, the pathogen, the site of infection, and the attempted resuscitation. Moreover, the same hemodynamic pattern can be generated by different combinations of various pathophysiological processes, so the presence of a given hemodynamic pattern cannot be directly related to a unique cluster of alterations. Research based on endotoxin administration to healthy volunteers and animal models compensate, to an extent, for the scarcity of clinical studies on the evolution of sepsis hemodynamics. Their results, however, cannot be directly extrapolated to the clinical setting, due to fundamental differences between the septic patient, the healthy volunteer, and the experimental model. Numerous microcirculatory derangements might exist in the septic host, even in the presence of a preserved macrocirculation. This dissociation between the macro- and the microcirculation might account for the limited success of therapeutic interventions targeting typical hemodynamic parameters, such as arterial and cardiac filling pressures, and cardiac output. Finally, physiological studies point to an early contribution of cardiac dysfunction to the septic phenotype, however, our defective diagnostic tools preclude its clinical recognition. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1605-1652, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pecchiari
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Pontikis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Alevrakis
- 4th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasileiadis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kompoti
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassio General Hospital of Eleusis, Magoula, Greece
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
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Wegrzyn G, Walborn A, Rondina M, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt D. Biomarkers of Platelet Activation and Their Prognostic Value in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:1076029620943300. [PMID: 33586482 PMCID: PMC7894689 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620943300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is related to marked hemostatic changes such as transient thrombocytopenia secondary to the endogenous activation and consumption of platelets. This study measured markers of platelet function in 103 adult ICU patients with clinically established sepsis-associated DIC to determine the biomarker association with disease severity. Patients were categorized as having no DIC, nonovert DIC, or overt DIC using the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring system. Plasma levels of CD40L, platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet-derived microparticles, and microparticle-associated tissue factor were quantified. Markers of platelet activation were significantly elevated in patients with DIC compared to healthy individuals. This increase was independent of platelet count. Levels of PF4 differed based on the severity of DIC and differentiated nonsurvivors and survivors. These findings suggest that the markers of platelet activation in DIC may not be regulated by the number of circulating platelets and may be independent of the factors leading to their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracelene Wegrzyn
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Walborn
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah and the GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Park JW, Lee SJ, Kim JE, Kang MJ, Bae SJ, Choi YJ, Gong JE, Kim KS, Jung YS, Cho JY, Choi YS, Hwang DY, Song HK. Comparison of response to LPS-induced sepsis in three DBA/2 stocks derived from different sources. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:2. [PMID: 33407886 PMCID: PMC7788770 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, one of the most fatal diseases in the world, is known to culminate in multiple organ failure due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Hence, the use of animal models in sepsis research is very important to study complex immune responses. The current study was undertaken to compare commercial stocks with KFDA stocks of DBA/2 mice as an animal model for sepsis study. To compare responses of DBA/2 mice to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced sepsis, we measured altered characteristics of various factors associated with sepsis, including survival curves, organ failure and inflammatory response, in DBA/2Korl stock and two commercial stocks (DBA/2A and DBA/2B). Survival rates after LPS exposure were similar for DBA/2Korl and DBA/2B; however, for times over 20 h, survival rates were reduced and concentration dependent in DBA/2A. In order to evaluate multiple organ failure caused by sepsis, H&E stains were evaluated for liver and spleen tissues obtained in the early (2 h) and later (20 h) stages after exposure to LPS; no significant differences were observed between the three stocks. mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were assessed for evaluating inflammatory reactions, and were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in most DBA/2 mice after LPS treatment. However, no changes were observed in the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines at 20 h after LPS exposure in the DBA/2A stock. The induction of inflammation-mediated factors by LPS exposure did not induce alterations in the mRNA levels of COX-2 and iNOS in all three DBA/2 stocks. Our results indicate that response of DBA/2Korl to LPS-induced sepsis is similar to the two commercial DBA/2 stocks, thus representing its potential as a useful biological resource established in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Shik Choi
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic College, Nonsan, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Keun Song
- Central Research Institute, Kinesiences Co., Seoul, South Korea.
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Shi M, Zhu Y, Yan J, Rouby J, Summah H, Monsel A, Qu J. Role of miR-466 in mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles treating inoculation pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e287. [PMID: 33463070 PMCID: PMC7805403 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) on multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA)-induced pneumonia remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS MicroRNA array and RT-PCR were used to select the major microRNA in MSC EVs. Human peripheral blood monocytes were obtained and isolated from qualified patients. The crosstalk between MSCs/MSC EVs and macrophages in vitro was studied. MDR-PA pneumonia models were further established in C57BL/6 mice and MSC EVs or miR-466 overexpressing MSC EVs were intratracheally instilled. RESULTS MiR-466 was highly expressed in MSC EVs. MSCs and miR-466 promoted macrophage polarization toward Type 2 phenotype through TIRAP-MyD88-NFκB axis. Moreover, cocultured macrophages with miR-466 overexpressing MSCs significantly increased the phagocytosis of macrophages. MSC EVs significantly reduced mortality and decreased influx of BALF neutrophils, proinflammatory factor levels, protein, and bacterial load in murine MDR-PA pneumonia. Administration of miR-466 overexpressing MSC EVs further alleviated the inflammatory severity. CONCLUSIONS MSC-derived EVs containing high levels of miR-466 may partly participate in host immune responses to MDR-PA. Both MSCs and MSC EVs have therapeutic effects in treating MDR-PA-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐meng Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying‐gang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hua‐dong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐yang Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jean‐Jacques Rouby
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Hanssa Summah
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
- INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ Immunotherapy (I3)Sorbonne UniversitéParisF‐75005France
- Biotherapy (CIC‐BTi) and Inflammation‐Immunopathology‐Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B)Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisF‐75651France
| | - Jie‐ming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Chimenti L, Morales-Quinteros L, Puig F, Camprubi-Rimblas M, Guillamat-Prats R, Gómez MN, Tijero J, Blanch L, Matute-Bello G, Artigas A. Comparison of direct and indirect models of early induced acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:62. [PMID: 33336290 PMCID: PMC7746791 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The animal experimental counterpart of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is acute lung injury (ALI). Most models of ALI involve reproducing the clinical risk factors associated with human ARDS, such as sepsis or acid aspiration; however, none of these models fully replicates human ARDS. Aim To compare different experimental animal models of ALI, based on direct or indirect mechanisms of lung injury, to characterize a model which more closely could reproduce the acute phase of human ARDS. Materials and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intratracheal instillations of (1) HCl to mimic aspiration of gastric contents; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection; (3) HCl followed by LPS to mimic aspiration of gastric contents with bacterial superinfection; or (4) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis and mimic sepsis. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after instillations or 24 h after CLP. Results At 24 h, rats instilled with LPS or HCl-LPS had increased lung permeability, alveolar neutrophilic recruitment and inflammatory markers (GRO/KC, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6). Rats receiving only HCl or subjected to CLP had no evidence of lung injury. Conclusions Rat models of ALI induced directly by LPS or HCl-LPS more closely reproduced the acute phase of human ARDS than the CLP model of indirectly induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chimenti
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Luis Morales-Quinteros
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain. .,Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor., Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ferranda Puig
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubi-Rimblas
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Nieves Gómez
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jessica Tijero
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lluis Blanch
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Medical Research Service of the Veterans Affairs/Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Centre for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Critical Care Centre, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor., Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rodrigues PRS, Picco N, Morgan BP, Ghazal P. Sepsis target validation for repurposing and combining complement and immune checkpoint inhibition therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:537-551. [PMID: 33206027 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1851186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a disease that occurs due to an adverse immune response to infection by bacteria, viruses and fungi and is the leading pathway to death by infection. The hallmarks for maladapted immune reactions in severe sepsis, which contribute to multiple organ failure and death, are bookended by the exacerbated activation of the complement system to protracted T-cell dysfunction states orchestrated by immune checkpoint control. Despite major advances in our understanding of the condition, there remains to be either a definitive test or an effective therapeutic intervention.Areas covered: The authors consider a combinational drug therapy approach using new biologics, and mathematical modeling for predicting patient responses, in targeting innate and adaptive immune mediators underlying sepsis. Special consideration is given for emerging complement and immune checkpoint inhibitors that may be repurposed for sepsis treatment.Expert opinion: In order to overcome the challenges inherent to finding new therapies for the complex dysregulated host response to infection that drives sepsis, it is necessary to move away from monotherapy and promote precision for personalized combinatory therapies. Notably, combinatory therapy should be guided by predictive systems models of the immune-metabolic characteristics of an individual's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R S Rodrigues
- School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Noemi Picco
- Department of Mathematics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Yin F, Qian H, Duan C, Ning B. The bone marrow niche components are adversely affected in sepsis. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:10. [PMID: 35006437 PMCID: PMC8607421 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. Currently, few studies have focused on the impact of sepsis on bone marrow (BM), especially on the cell components of BM niche. In this study, we performed mouse sepsis models by intraperitoneal injection of LPS and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The changes of niche major components in the mouse BM among vascular structures, mesenchymal stem cells and Treg cells were observed and analyzed. The results showed that pathological changes in BM was earlier and more prominent than in other organs, and various cell components of the BM niche changed significantly, of which vascular endothelial cells increased transiently with vascular remodeling and the regulatory T cells decreased over a long period of time. These results indicated that the components of the BM niche underwent series of adaptive changes in sepsis.
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Jiang Y, Zhang K, Yu Y, Wang Y, Lian N, Xie K, Yu Y. Molecular hydrogen alleviates brain injury and cognitive impairment in a chronic sequelae model of murine polymicrobial sepsis. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2897-2908. [PMID: 33052428 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-related encephalopathy (SAE), which causes a series of brain injuries and long-term, potentially irreversible cognitive dysfunction, is closely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hydrogen (H2) is a new type of medical gas molecule that has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases in recent years. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects of H2 inhalation on brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment in an improved chronic septic mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups: Control, Control + H2, SAE and SAE + H2. The SAE and Control models were established by intraperitoneal injection of human stool suspension or saline in mice. H2 (2%) was inhaled for 60 min at 1 h and 6 h after SAE or Control treatment. The survival rates were recorded for 14 days (days 1-14) and the Morris Water Maze was performed for 7 days (days 8-14). To assess the severity of the brain injury, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, Evans blue (EB) extravasation and the wet/dry weight ratio of brain tissue were detected 24 h after SAE or Control treatment. In addition, inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as well as the protein levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin, were measured 6, 12 and 24 h after SAE or Control treatment. The results showed that H2 treatment increased survival rates, mitigated cognitive impairment, reduced hippocampal histological damage, decreased EB and water content, and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, Nrf2, HO-1, ZO-1 and Occludin, as compared with the SAE group. These data revealed that 2% H2 could suppress brain damage and improve cognitive function in septic mice by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response and the sepsis-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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Brandenburg K, Schromm AB, Weindl G, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Mauss K, Martinez de Tejada G, Garidel P. An update on endotoxin neutralization strategies in Gram-negative bacterial infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:495-517. [PMID: 33210958 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1834847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gram-negative bacterial infections represent still a severe problem of human health care, regarding the increase in multi-resistance against classical antibiotics and the lack of newly developed antimicrobials. For the fight against these germs, anti-infective agents must overcome and/or bind to the Gram-negative outer membrane consisting of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) outer leaflet and an inner leaflet from phospholipids, with additional peripheral or integral membrane proteins (OMP's). AREAS COVERED The current article reviews data of existing therapeutic options and summarizes newer approaches for targeting and neutralizing endotoxins, ranging from in vitro over in vivo animal data to clinical applications by using databases such as Medline. EXPERT OPINION Conventional antibiotic treatment of the bacteria leads to their killing, but not necessary LPS neutralization, which may be a severe problem in particular for the systemic pathway. This is the reason why there is an increasing number of therapeutic approaches, which - besides combating whole bacteria - at the same time try to neutralize endotoxin within or outside the bacterial cells mainly responsible for the high inflammation induction in Gram-negative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- FG Immunobiophysik, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Universität Bonn, Universität Bonn Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmakologie Und Toxikologie Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- FG Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karl Mauss
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Asklepios-Klinik Hamburg-Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain and Navarra Institute for Health Research (Idisna), Pamplona, Spain.,Department de Microbiologia, Universidad De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Parvatam S, Bharadwaj S, Radha V, Rao M. The need to develop a framework for human-relevant research in India: Towards better disease models and drug discovery. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zou Z, Wang Q, Zhou M, Li W, Zheng Y, Li F, Zheng S, He Z. Protective effects of P2X7R antagonist in sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice via regulation of circ_0001679 and circ_0001212 and downstream Pln, Cdh2, and Nprl3 expression. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3261. [PMID: 32783373 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis induces pulmonary P2X7 receptor (P2X7 R) expression and P2X7 R-knockout reduced lung inflammation in mice. The present study investigated the expression of circular RNA (circRNA) and mRNA in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) treated with a P2X7 R antagonist. METHODS Sepsis was induced by tracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the mice were then divided into two groups: without [sepsis + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] or with P2X7 R antagonist treatment (sepsis + P2X7 A). Sham mice were administrated sterile normal saline. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, pathological changes, cell apoptosis and P2X7 R expression in lung were assessed, followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate circRNAs and mRNAs. RESULTS Compared to the sham group, LPS-induced sepsis produced obvious pathological changes in lung tissue, as well as increased apoptotic lung cells, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and P2X7 R expression; P2X7 R antagonism significantly ameliorated these changes. RNA-seq identified many dysregulated circRNAs and mRNAs during sepsis, whereas this changed with P2X7 R antagonism. RT-qPCR confirmed that Mus musculus (mmu)_circ_0001679, mmu_circ_0001212, phospholamban (Pln), cadherin-2 (Cdh2) and nitrogen permease regulator 3-like (Nprl3) expression were significantly increased in the sepsis + DMSO group compared to that in the sham group but were decreased in the sepsis + P2X7 A group compared to that in the sepsis + DMSO group. The circRNA-microRNA-mRNA coexpression network indicated that mmu_circ_0001679 may regulate Nprl3 and that mmu_circ_0001212 may similarly regulate Pln, Cdh2 and Nprl3 as a competing endogenous RNA. CONCLUSIONS P2X7 R antagonism attenuates sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting dysregulated expression of circRNA (circ_0001679, circ_0001212) and mRNA (Pln, Cdh2 and Nprl3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zou
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minggen Zhou
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yikai Zheng
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengcai Zheng
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhijie He
- Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Can the Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model Be Repurposed To Better Inform Therapy in Human Sepsis? Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00942-19. [PMID: 32571986 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00942-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent report by the National Institutes of Health on sepsis research has implied there is a trend to move away from mouse models of sepsis. The most commonly used animal model to study the pathogenesis of human sepsis is cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. The model has been the mainstay of sepsis research for decades and continues to be considered the gold standard to inform novel pathways of sepsis physiology and its therapeutic direction. As there have been many criticisms of the model, particularly regarding its relevance to human disease, how this model might be repurposed to be more reflective of the human condition begs discussion. In this piece, we compare and contrast the mouse microbiome of the CLP model to the emerging science of the microbiome of human sepsis and discuss the relevance for mice to harbor the specific pathogens present in the human microbiome during sepsis, as well as an underlying disease process to mimic the characteristics of those patients with undesirable outcomes. How to repurpose this model to incorporate these "human factors" is discussed in detail and suggestions offered.
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Gui Y, Yang Y, Xu D, Tao S, Li J. Schisantherin A attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation via regulating the NRF2 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 258:118161. [PMID: 32730835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tubulointerstitial inflammation is recognized as a key determinant of progressive sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Schisantherin A (SchA) has been shown to be capable of regulating inflammatory processes. In the present study, we explored the possibility of SchA in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney inflammation and injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS AKI was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS in CD1 mice, administration of SchA was used for treatment. The protective effect of SchA on renal function and inflammation were analyzed respectively; the NRK-52E cell line was employed for the in vitro study and relative molecular mechanism was explored. KEY FINDINGS Administration with SchA markedly attenuated LPS-induced damage on renal function and histopathological changes of the kidney. Additionally, pretreatment with SchA could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in the kidneys. In NRK-52E cells, SchA treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, SchA could promote NRF2 pathway activation, and further blockade of NRF2 activation reversed the SchA-induced inhibition of NF-κB activation. SIGNIFICANCE These presented results indicated that SchA may have great potential for protecting against sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Youjing Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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Endo Y, Miyasho T, Imahase H, Kawamura Y, Sakamoto Y, Yamashita K. Use of perfusion index to detect hemodynamic changes in endotoxemic pigs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:534-542. [PMID: 32652875 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The perfusion index (PI) derived from plethysmographic signals provides a noninvasive indication of peripheral perfusion. This study aimed to investigate changes in PI and other hemodynamic variables in pigs subjected to endotoxemia. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twelve healthy pigs weighing a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 31.7 ± 2.0 kg. INTERVENTIONS Pigs were divided into control and endotoxin groups (n = 6 each). Endotoxemia was induced by IV infusion of lipopolysaccharide. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), extravascular lung water index (ELWI), Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) index, and pulmonary permeability index were measured using a transpulmonary thermodilution monitor in all pigs. PI was measured using a pulse oximeter probe attached to the tail. Pao2 , Paco2 , and plasma lactate concentration were measured by blood gas analysis. Measurements were taken at baseline (T0 ). Saline or lipopolysaccharide was then administered for 30 min to all pigs (control or endotoxemia group, respectively), and each parameter was measured every 30 min up to 270 min. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Student's t-tests. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There were no significant changes in any variables in the control group, but CI, SVRI, PI, ELWI, blood lactate concentration, and Pao2 changed significantly from baseline in the endotoxin group (P < 0.001, P = 0.0048, P < 0.001, P = 0.0064, P < 0.001, and P = 0.0220, respectively). In the endotoxin group, mean (± SD) %PI increased from T0 to 154 ± 34% at T60 (P = .001) and 135 ± 50% at T90 (P =0 .004), which mirrored significant changes in %CI and %SVRI. CONCLUSION The PI may be useful to detect changes in CI and SVRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Departments of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hisashi Imahase
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawamura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamashita
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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