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Dobrescu SR, Dinkler L, Gillberg C, Gillberg C, Råstam M, Wentz E. Mental and physical health in children of women with a history of anorexia nervosa. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02393-y. [PMID: 38472414 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the offspring of women with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to examine perinatal status, mental and physical health in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. Fifty-one individuals with adolescent-onset AN and 51 matched controls (COMP) have been followed prospectively. Presently, 30 years after AN onset, at a mean age of 44 years, female participants who had given birth (nAN = 40, nCOMP = 40) were interviewed regarding psychiatric health in their offspring using the Developmental and Well-Being Assessment and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, information on the offspring's perinatal status, psychiatric- and physical health was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and The Swedish National Patient Register. Data regarding mental and physical health were available for 83 and 86 offspring in the AN and COMP groups, respectively. At birth, all of weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index were significantly reduced in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. In adolescence, parental interviews indicated an overrepresentation of current psychiatric diagnoses in the offspring of mothers with AN. Compared with the offspring in the COMP group, endocrinological, immune and metabolic disorders were much more common in the offspring of the AN group. In conclusion, a history of AN increases the risk of worse perinatal outcome of the offspring. Later on, in childhood and adolescence, psychiatric and physical morbidity may be overrepresented in the offspring of women with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rydberg Dobrescu
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lisa Dinkler
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Råstam
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wentz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cimino S, Andrei F, De Pascalis L, Trombini E, Tambelli R, Cerniglia L. The Quality of Mother-Child Feeding Interactions Predicts Psychopathological Symptoms in Offspring and Mothers Seven Years Later: A Longitudinal Study on the General Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7668. [PMID: 38137736 PMCID: PMC10744080 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased risk of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children has been observed in the presence of maternal psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate a potential pathway involving the quality of early interactions between mothers and their children. A sample of 150 mother-child dyads underwent assessment when the children were 3 years old and around the age of 10. Video recordings of feeding exchanges between mothers and children were analyzed to evaluate the quality of mother-child interactions. Maternal psychopathology and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms were measured through self-report and report-form measures completed by mothers. The quality of mother-child feeding interactions at three years of age significantly differentiated (p < 0.001), eight years later, between mothers at high and low psychopathological risk and between children exhibiting clinical and subclinical internalizing symptoms. Clinically relevant child symptoms were notably more prevalent when the mother-child interaction quality at three years of age was maladaptive, particularly in the context of concurrent high maternal psychopathological risk. The study findings underscore the importance of focusing on the early quality of mother-child feeding interactions to identify potential situations of maternal and child clinical risk for the development of psychopathological symptoms and to guide preemptive measures and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Federica Andrei
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Leonardo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Trombini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Ross AJ, Russotti J, Toth SL, Cicchetti D, Handley ED. The relative effects of parental alcohol use disorder and maltreatment on offspring alcohol use: Unique pathways of risk. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37905543 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity represents a robust risk factor for the development of harmful substance use. Although a range of empirical studies have examined the consequences of multiple forms of adversity (i.e., childhood maltreatment, parental alcohol use disorder [AUD]), there is a dearth of information on the relative effects of each form of adversity when considered simultaneously. The current study utilizes structural equation modeling to investigate three unique and amplifying pathways from parental AUD and maltreatment exposure to offspring alcohol use as emerging adults: (1) childhood externalizing symptomatology, (2) internalizing symptomatology, and (3) affiliation with substance-using peers and siblings. Participants (N = 422) were drawn from a longitudinal follow-up study of emerging adults who participated in a research summer camp program as children. Wave 1 of the study included 674 school-aged children with and without maltreatment histories. Results indicated that chronic maltreatment, over and above the effect of parent AUD, was uniquely associated with greater childhood conduct problems and depressive symptomatology. Mother alcohol dependence was uniquely associated with greater affiliation with substance-using peers and siblings, which in turn predicted greater alcohol use as emerging adults. Results support peer and sibling affiliation as a key mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of substance use between mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ross
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Justin Russotti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sheree L Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Weavers B, Riglin L, Martin J, Anney R, Collishaw S, Heron J, Thapar A, Thapar A, Rice F. Characterising depression trajectories in young people at high familial risk of depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 337:66-74. [PMID: 37224886 PMCID: PMC10824668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental depression is a common and potent risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the developmental course of depression from childhood to early-adulthood has not been characterized in this high-risk group. METHODS Using longitudinal data from 337 young people who had a parent with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), we characterized trajectories of broadly defined depressive disorder using latent class growth analysis. We used clinical descriptions to further characterise trajectory classes. RESULTS Two trajectory classes were identified: childhood-emerging (25 %) and adulthood-emerging (75 %). The childhood-emerging class showed high rates of depressive disorder from age 12.5, which persisted through the study period. The adulthood-emerging class showed low rates of depressive disorder until age 26. Individual factors (IQ and ADHD symptoms) and parent depression severity (comorbidity, persistence and impairment) differentiated the classes but there were no differences in family history score or polygenic scores associated with psychiatric disorder. Clinical descriptions indicated functional impairment in both classes, but more severe symptomatology and impairment in the childhood-emerging class. LIMITATIONS Attrition particularly affected participation in young adulthood. Factors associated with attrition were low family income, single parent household status and low parental education. CONCLUSIONS The developmental course of depressive disorder in children of depressed parents is variable. When followed up to adult life, most individuals exhibited some functional impairment. An earlier age-of-onset was associated with a more persistent and impairing course of depression. Access to effective prevention strategies is particularly warranted for at-risk young people showing early-onsetting and persistent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Weavers
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Joanna Martin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Richard Anney
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Ajay Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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Russotti J, Swerbenski H, Handley ED, Michl-Petzing LC, Cicchetti D, Toth SL. Intergenerational effects of maternal depression and co-occurring antisocial behaviors: The mediating role of parenting-related processes. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:408-419. [PMID: 35925718 PMCID: PMC9898466 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurring maternal depression and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are associated with the development of psychopathology in children, yet little is known about risk mechanisms. In a sample of 122 racially diverse and economically disadvantaged families, we prospectively investigated (a) to what extent child socioemotional problems were related to maternal depression-only, ASPD-only, or the co-occurrence of both and (b) specificity in parenting-related mechanisms linking single-type or comorbid maternal psychopathology to child outcomes at age 3. Compared to mothers without either ASPD or depression, exposure to maternal depression-only and comorbid depression/ASPD predicted child problems as a function of greater parenting stress and lower maternal sensitivity. Mothers with comorbid depression/ASPD uniquely exhibited more negative parenting and had children with more socioemotional problems than mothers with depression-only. Compared to mothers with neither ASPD nor depression, mothers with depression-only uniquely impacted child difficulties via lower maternal efficacy. Study findings suggest areas of parenting intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The impact of early-life environment on absence epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:436-468. [PMID: 36386598 PMCID: PMC9649966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the long-term effects of early-life environment on epileptogenesis, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities with an emphasis on the absence epilepsy. The WAG/Rij rat strain is a well-validated genetic model of absence epilepsy with mild depression-like (dysthymia) comorbidity. Although pathologic phenotype in WAG/Rij rats is genetically determined, convincing evidence presented in this review suggests that the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity in WAG/Rij rats may be governed by early-life events, such as prenatal drug exposure, early-life stress, neonatal maternal separation, neonatal handling, maternal care, environmental enrichment, neonatal sensory impairments, neonatal tactile stimulation, and maternal diet. The data, as presented here, indicate that some early environmental events can promote and accelerate the development of absence seizures and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities, while others may exert anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effects. The early environment can lead to phenotypic alterations in offspring due to epigenetic modifications of gene expression, which may have maladaptive consequences or represent a therapeutic value. Targeting DNA methylation with a maternal methyl-enriched diet during the perinatal period appears to be a new preventive epigenetic anti-absence therapy. A number of caveats related to the maternal methyl-enriched diet and prospects for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Transdiagnostic trajectories of irritability and oppositional, depression and anxiety problems from preschool to early adolescence. Behav Res Ther 2020; 134:103727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Crescentini C, Feruglio S, Matiz A, Paschetto A, Vidal E, Cogo P, Fabbro F. Stuck Outside and Inside: An Exploratory Study on the Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Italian Parents and Children's Internalizing Symptoms. Front Psychol 2020; 11:586074. [PMID: 33192917 PMCID: PMC7649806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown have profoundly impacted families' daily life, challenging their psychological resilience. Our study aimed to investigate the immediate psychological consequences of the pandemic on Italian parents and children focusing on internalizing and post-traumatic symptoms. We also wanted to explore the impact of possible risk and resilience factors, e.g., lifestyle and behaviors, emotional and cognitive beliefs, on parents and children's reaction to the emergency distress. An online survey was administered during the country's nationwide lockdown to 721 Italian parents of at least one child aged between 6 and 18 years. The respondent completed the survey for himself/herself and his/her child. The survey included socio-demographic items and validated questionnaires on parents' post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression and anxiety levels, and on children's internalizing problems. Parents were asked to fill the questionnaires twice: once referring to the current emergency condition and once recalling how they and their child felt a few months before Covid-19 outbreak. Multiple regression analyses showed that specific demographic characteristics (i.e., sex and age) and psychological factors of children and parents, such as fear of contagion and the opportunity to think about possible secondary positive effects of the pandemic, had a predictive value on the presence of internalizing symptoms of both parents and children. Moreover, parents' behaviors during the lockdown period (i.e., employment status and sport practiced) were significantly related to their own internalizing symptoms; these symptoms, in turn, had a strong and positive predictive value on children's internalizing problems. Besides, analyses of variance showed that internalizing symptoms of parents and children were significantly higher during the Covid-19 pandemic than before it started. In addition to showing a direct effect of the pandemic on the psychological health of parents and children, the present results also give a series of important information on how parents perceive, and therefore influence, their children in this period of emergency. Our findings thus highlight the urgent need to provide parents with adequate support to take care of their own psychological wellbeing and to help their children coping with the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Susanna Feruglio
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Matiz
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Paschetto
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Vidal
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Cogo
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Bosgraaf L, Spreen M, Pattiselanno K, van Hooren S. Art Therapy for Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Narrative Review on Art Therapeutic Means and Forms of Expression, Therapist Behavior, and Supposed Mechanisms of Change. Front Psychol 2020; 11:584685. [PMID: 33132993 PMCID: PMC7578380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Art therapy (AT) is frequently offered to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. AT is an experiential form of treatment in which the use of art materials, the process of creation in the presence and guidance of an art therapist, and the resulting artwork are assumed to contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems. Although previous research reports positive effects, there is a lack of knowledge on which (combination of) art therapeutic components contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents. Method: A systematic narrative review was conducted to give an overview of AT interventions for children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Fourteen databases and four electronic journals up to January 2020 were systematically searched. The applied means and forms of expression, therapist behavior, supposed mechanisms of change, and effects were extracted and coded. Results: Thirty-seven studies out of 1,299 studies met the inclusion criteria. This concerned 16 randomized controlled trials, eight controlled trials, and 13 single-group pre-post design studies. AT interventions for children and adolescents are characterized by a variety of materials/techniques, forms of structure such as giving topics or assignments, and the use of language. Three forms of therapist behavior were seen: non-directive, directive, and eclectic. All three forms of therapist behavior, in combination with a variety of means and forms of expression, showed significant effects on psychosocial problems. Conclusions: The results showed that the use of means and forms of expression and therapist behavior is applied flexibly. This suggests the responsiveness of AT, in which means and forms of expression and therapist behavior are applied to respond to the client's needs and circumstances, thereby giving positive results for psychosocial outcomes. For future studies, presenting detailed information on the potential beneficial effects of used therapeutic perspectives, means, art techniques, and therapist behavior is recommended to get a better insight into (un)successful art therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bosgraaf
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Alliade, Care Group, Heerenveen, Netherlands.,KenVaK, Research Center for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Kim Pattiselanno
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Center for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Hakulinen C, Pulkki-Råback L, Lipsanen J, Virtanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O. The Contribution of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage to Depressive Symptoms Over the Course of Adult Life: A 32-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:679-689. [PMID: 32239174 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and increased risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood is well established. We tested 1) the contribution of early exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage to later depressive symptoms throughout life, 2) the persistence of the potential association between early exposure and depressive symptoms, and 3) the contributions of other known risk factors to the association. Data were collected from the Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based 32-year follow-up study that included participants aged 3-18 years at baseline in 1980. Participants were followed up with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012 (n = 2,788) and linked to national grid data on neighborhood disadvantage via residential addresses. We examined the associations in mixed models separately for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during childhood and adolescence was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms in adulthood during all follow-up periods (β = 0.07, P = 0.001) than living in a nondisadvantaged area. Individual adulthood socioeconomic status mediated the associations. These findings suggest that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area during childhood and adolescence has a long-lasting negative association with mental health irrespective of family-related risks, partially due to socioeconomic adversity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinicum Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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11
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A Prospective Study of Service Use in the Year After Birth by Women at High Risk for Antenatal Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology in mothers? J Adolesc 2018; 68:22-31. [PMID: 30014953 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate whether mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness differ as a function of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to explore the moderating role of these symptoms on the relationship between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness. A sample of 685 mother-adolescent dyads was collected in Portuguese public schools. Mothers completed self-reported measures of mindful parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and adolescents (aged 10-18 years) completed a measure of dispositional mindfulness. Mothers with clinically significant symptomatology levels reported lower levels of mindful parenting than those with normal symptomatology. Almost all mindful parenting dimensions were significantly associated with adolescents' mindfulness, but only under lower or moderate levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology. These findings suggest that parental factors play a key role in adolescents' mindfulness skills and underline the detrimental effect of maternal psychopathology on mindful parenting and on its link with adolescents' mindfulness.
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Offspring of parents with mood disorders: time for more transgenerational research, screening and preventive intervention for this high-risk population. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018; 31:349-357. [PMID: 29708895 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Offspring of parents with mood disorders (major depressive and bipolar disorder) are at increased risk for developing mood disorders. In this review, an overview regarding the intergenerational transmission of mood disorders, screening, and preventive intervention is given for this vulnerable group. RECENT FINDINGS Offspring of parents with depression have a 40% chance of developing a depression, whereas offspring of parents with bipolar disorder have a 10% chance of developing a bipolar disorder by adulthood. Studies into the intergenerational transmission of mood disorders show that children of parents with mood disorders have increased biological dysregulation and neuropsychosocial impairments. Although there is a clear need for early identification of those at the highest risk, there are few systematic attempts in mental health care to screen children of parents with mood disorders. Lastly, preventive interventions seem to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms of children of parents with depression; however, those effects are small and short-lived. SUMMARY Offspring of parents with mood disorders constitute a vulnerable group at high risk of mood disorders. More research needs to be conducted regarding mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission. Moreover, screening and preventive interventions for these offspring should be systematically evaluated and implemented.
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Mahedy L, Harold GT, Maughan B, Gardner F, Araya R, Bevan Jones R, Hammerton G, Sellers R, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Resilience in high-risk adolescents of mothers with recurrent depressive disorder: The contribution of fathers. J Adolesc 2018; 65:207-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sarkisova KY, Gabova AV. Maternal care exerts disease-modifying effects on genetic absence epilepsy and comorbid depression. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12477. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Y. Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - A. V. Gabova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Plant DT, Jones FW, Pariante CM, Pawlby S. Association between maternal childhood trauma and offspring childhood psychopathology: mediation analysis from the ALSPAC cohort. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:144-150. [PMID: 28729357 PMCID: PMC5579325 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundStudies have shown that a mother's history of childhood maltreatment is associated with her child's experience of internalising and externalising difficulties.AimsTo characterise the mediating pathways that underpin this association.MethodData on a mother's history of childhood maltreatment, depression during pregnancy, postnatal depression, maladaptive parenting practices and her child's experience of maltreatment and internalising and externalising difficulties were analysed in an Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) sample of 9397 mother-child dyads followed prospectively from pregnancy to age 13.ResultsMaternal history of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with offspring internalising and externalising difficulties. Maternal antenatal depression, postnatal depression and offspring child maltreatment were observed to significantly mediate this association independently.ConclusionsPsychological and psychosocial interventions focused around treating maternal depression, particularly during pregnancy, and safeguarding against adverse childhood experiences could be offered to mothers with traumatic childhood histories to help protect against psychopathology in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Pawlby
- D. T. Plant, PhD, DClinPsy, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, and Salomons Centre for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells; F. W. Jones, PhD, PsychD, Salomons Centre for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells; C. M. Pariante, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, S. Pawlby, MA, PhD, CPsychol, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Sarkisova KY, Gabova AV, Kulikov MA, Fedosova EA, Shatskova AB, Morosov AA. Rearing by foster Wistar mother with high level of maternal care counteracts the development of genetic absence epilepsy and comorbid depression in WAG/Rij rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 473:39-42. [PMID: 28508204 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that rearing by a foster Wistar mother with high level of maternal care (MC) counteracts the expression of genetic absence epilepsy (AE) and comorbid depression - reduces the number, duration and index of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) and immobility time in the forced swimming test, as well as exerts substantial effects on morphology and time-frequency dynamics of SWDs in WAG/Rij rats. It is supposed that increases in MC early in development might be used to counteract epileptogenesis and comorbid depression in people genetically predisposed to AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yu Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Gabova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kulikov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Fedosova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Shatskova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Morosov
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Radioelectronics RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Sellers R, Hammerton G, Harold GT, Mahedy L, Potter R, Langley K, Thapar A, Rice F, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Examining whether offspring psychopathology influences illness course in mothers with recurrent depression using a high-risk longitudinal sample. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 125:256-266. [PMID: 26854510 PMCID: PMC4745386 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is known to be influenced by psychosocial stressors. For mothers with recurrent depressive illness, the presence of psychopathology in their children may have important effects on their own mental health. Although the impact of maternal depression on child mental health is well-established, no study to date, as far as we are aware, has examined the extent to which offspring psychopathology influences the course of depression in mothers with a history of recurrent depressive illness, what types of child psychopathology impact maternal mental health, or whether risks vary by child gender. Aims were to (a) Use a longitudinal design to examine whether adolescent psychopathology (depression, disruptive behavior disorder; DBD) predicts recurrence of a depressive episode and depression symptom course in women with a history of recurrent depression; and (b) To test if observed effects vary by child gender. 299 mothers with recurrent major depressive disorder and their adolescent offspring were assessed on 2 occasions, 29 months apart. Maternal depression and offspring psychopathology were assessed using semistructured interview measures. Cross-generational links across time were assessed using structural equation modeling. Analyses were adjusted for past severity of maternal depression. Offspring depression symptoms but not DBD symptoms at baseline predicted future episode recurrence in mothers. Depression symptoms in daughters (β = .16, p = .039) but not sons (β = −.07, p = .461), predicted an increase in maternal depression symptoms across time. Psychopathology in daughters is associated with long-term depressive symptoms in women (mothers) with a history of recurrent depression. Findings highlight the importance of careful assessment and management of mental health problems in adolescents for more effective management of maternal depression. This study suggests that offspring symptoms of depression may be important for the recurrence of maternal depression episodes. Girls’ symptoms of depression may be a particularly important psychosocial stressor for the development of depressive symptoms in mothers with a history of recurrent depression. This study suggests that offspring symptoms of depression may be important for the recurrence of maternal depression episodes. Girls’ symptoms of depression may be a particularly important psychosocial stressor for the development of depressive symptoms in mothers with a history of recurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sellers
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | - Gordon T Harold
- School of Psychology, Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, University of Sussex
| | - Liam Mahedy
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | - Robert Potter
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | | | - Ajay Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | - Frances Rice
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London
| | - Anita Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University
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Bettis AH, Forehand R, Sterba SK, Preacher KJ, Compas BE. Anxiety and Depression in Children of Depressed Parents: Dynamics of Change in a Preventive Intervention. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 47:581-594. [PMID: 27768384 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1225503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined effects of a preventive intervention on patterns of change in symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of children of depressed parents. Parents with a history of depression (N = 180) and their children (N = 242; 50% female; Mage = 11.38; 74% Euro-American) enrolled in an intervention to prevent psychopathology in youth. Families were randomized to a family group cognitive behavioral intervention (FGCB) or a written information (WI) control condition. Parents and youth completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report at baseline, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow up. Youth in the FGCB intervention reported significantly greater declines in symptoms of both anxiety and depression at 6, 12, and 18 months compared to youth in the WI condition. Youth with higher baseline levels of each symptom (e.g., anxiety) reported greater declines in the other symptom (e.g., depression) from 0 to 6 months in the FGCB intervention only. Changes in anxiety symptoms from 0 to 6 months predicted different patterns of subsequent changes in depressive symptoms from 6 to 12 months for the two conditions, such that declines in anxiety preceded and predicted greater declines in depression for FGCB youth but lesser increases in depression for WI youth. Findings inform transdiagnostic approaches to preventive interventions for at-risk youth, suggesting that both initial symptom levels and initial magnitude of change in symptoms are important to understand subsequent patterns of change in response to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Bettis
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | - Rex Forehand
- b Department of Psychology , University of Vermont
| | - Sonya K Sterba
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Bruce E Compas
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
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Do changes in subjective sleep and biological rhythms predict worsening in postpartum depressive symptoms? A prospective study across the perinatal period. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:591-8. [PMID: 26920913 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of sleep and biological rhythms have been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, less is known about the influence of biological rhythm disruptions across the perinatal period on postpartum depression (PPD). The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the relationship between subjective changes in both sleep and biological rhythms and worsening of depressive symptoms from pregnancy to the postpartum period in women with and without mood disorders. Eighty-three participants (38 euthymic women with a history of a mood disorder and 45 healthy controls) were studied. Participants completed subjective assessments of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), biological rhythm disturbances (Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry), and depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) prospectively at two time points: third trimester of pregnancy and at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Multivariate regression analyses showed that changes in biological rhythms across the perinatal period predicted worsening of depressive symptoms in both groups. Moreover, women with a history of a mood disorder showed higher levels of sleep and biological rhythm disruption during both pregnancy and the postpartum period. These findings suggest that disruptions in biological rhythms during the perinatal period increase the risk for postpartum mood worsening in healthy pregnant as well as in pregnant women with a history of mood disorders.
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Bettis AH, Forehand R, McKee L, Dunbar JP, Watson KH, Compas BE. Testing Specificity: Associations of Stress and Coping with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:949-958. [PMID: 28794609 PMCID: PMC5546749 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented the co-occurrence of symptoms of anxiety and depression across the lifespan, suggesting that these symptoms share common correlates and etiology. The present study aimed to examine potential specific and/or transdiagnostic correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in at-risk youth. The present study examined youth stress associated with parental depression and youth coping as potential correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of children of depressed parents. One hundred eighty parents with a history of depression and their children ages 9-15 completed measures assessing youths' stress associated with parental depression (RSQ), symptoms of anxiety and depression (YSR and CBCL), and coping (RSQ). The results support the hypothesis that secondary control coping is a transdiagnostic correlate of symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth. Youth stress related to parental depression and primary control coping were specific correlates of youth depressive symptoms and not anxiety symptoms. Disengagement coping was not a significant correlate of symptoms of anxiety or depression in youth. Results suggest that there are both transdiagnostic and specific correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth. The current study provides evidence to suggest specific types of stress and strategies to cope with this stress demonstrate specificity to symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk offspring of depressed parents. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between stress, coping, and symptoms to inform prevention and treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Bettis
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Rex Forehand
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 50405, USA
| | - Laura McKee
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Jennifer P Dunbar
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Kelly H Watson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Williams ME, Becker S, McKinnon MC, Wong Q, Cudney LE, Steiner M, Frey BN. Emotional memory in pregnant women at risk for postpartum depression. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:777-83. [PMID: 26272023 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with debilitating effects on mothers and their infants. A previous history of depression is considered the strongest risk factor for PPD. Depressed individuals recall more negative than positive content and higher levels of stress hormones released during encoding are associated with enhanced recall of emotional stimuli. This study examined the impact of a previous history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and pregnancy on emotional memory. Seventy-seven participants completed the study [44 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy with and without a lifetime history of MDD and 33 non-pregnant women with and without a lifetime history of MDD]. All completed an encoding task and provided salivary cortisol (sCORT) and alpha-amylase (sAA) samples. Participants returned one week later for a surprise incidental recognition memory task. Women with a history of MDD had worse recognition than women without a history of MDD for negative, but not positive images; this effect was independent of sCORT and sAA levels. Pregnancy did not affect emotional memory. Considering that several previous studies found enhanced memory bias for negative content during depressive states, our results suggest that clinical remission may be associated with an opposite cognitive processing of negative emotional content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Williams
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Queenie Wong
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E Cudney
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hakulinen C, Ferrie JE, Jokela M, Hintsanen M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Childhood and adolescence risk factors and development of depressive symptoms: the 32-year prospective Young Finns follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Multilevel analysis of ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms aggregation in families. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:525-36. [PMID: 25156273 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong genetic role in the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated by several studies using different methodologies. Shortcomings of genetic studies often include the lack of golden standard practices for diagnosis for ADHD, the use of categorical instead of a dimensional approach, and the disregard for assortative mating phenomenon in parents. The current study aimed to overcome these shortcomings and analyze data through a novel statistical approach, using multilevel analyses with Bayesian procedures and a specific mathematical model, which takes into account data with an elevated number of zero responses (expected in samples with few or no ADHD symptoms). Correlations of parental clinical variables (ADHD, anxiety and depression) to offspring psychopathology may vary according to gender and type of symptoms. We aimed to investigate how those variables interact within each other. One hundred families, comprising a proband child or adolescent with ADHD or a typically developing child or adolescent were included and all family members (both biological parents, the proband child or adolescent and their sibling) were examined through semi-structured interviews using DSM-IV criteria. Results indicated that: (a) maternal clinical variables (ADHD, anxiety and depression) were more correlated with offspring variables than paternal ones; (b) maternal inattention (but not hyperactivity) was correlated with both inattention and hyperactivity in the offspring; (c) maternal anxiety was correlated with offspring inattention; on the other hand, maternal inattention was correlated with anxiety in the offspring. Although a family study design limits the possibility of revealing causality and cannot disentangle genetic and environmental factors, our findings suggest that ADHD, anxiety and depression are variables that correlate in families and should be addressed together. Maternal variables significantly correlated with offspring variables, but the paternal variables did not.
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Maoz H, Goldstein T, Goldstein BI, Axelson DA, Fan J, Hickey MB, Monk K, Sakolsky D, Diler RS, Brent D, Kupfer DJ, Birmaher B. The effects of parental mood on reports of their children's psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:1111-22.e5. [PMID: 25245355 PMCID: PMC4173133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess whether current mood state (depressed or manic/hypomanic) among parents with a mood disorder would affect their reports of their offspring's psychopathology. METHOD Sixty-five parents with current depression, 42 parents with current mania/hypomania, 181 parents with mood disorder in remission, and their offspring (n = 479, aged 6-18 years) completed assessments of offspring psychopathology as part of the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS). We compared rates of offspring psychopathology assessed using the following: a clinician-administered semi-structured interview with parent and child using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS); parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); offspring self-reported Youth Self Reports (YSR) for those 11 years and older (n = 250); and teachers' reports when available (n = 209). RESULTS There were no between-group differences in rates of psychopathology yielded from the K-SADS, except for more depressive disorders in offspring of parents with current mania/hypomania compared to offspring of parents in remission. Conversely, using the CBCL and comparing with parents who were in remission, parents with current depression reported significantly more externalizing psychopathology in offspring, whereas parents with current mania/hypomania reported more externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in their offspring. On the YSR, offspring of parents with current mania/hypomania had more internalizing psychopathology compared to offspring of parents in remission. Teacher's reports showed no between-group differences in rates of any psychopathology. CONCLUSION Parental active mood symptomatology, especially during a manic/hypomanic episode, significantly affects their reports of their offspring's psychopathology. Trained interviewers reduce potential report bias. Clinicians and studies assessing children's psychopathology should take into account parental current mood state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Maoz
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Tina Goldstein
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David A. Axelson
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jieyu Fan
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Beth Hickey
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Monk
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Dara Sakolsky
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Rasim S. Diler
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - David Brent
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - David J. Kupfer
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
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Tung I, Brammer WA, Li JJ, Lee SS. Parenting Behavior Mediates the Intergenerational Association of Parent and Child Offspring ADHD Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 44:787-99. [PMID: 24926775 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.913250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there are likely to be multiple mechanisms underlying parent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as a key risk factor for offspring ADHD, potential explanatory factors have yet to be reliably identified. Given that parent ADHD symptoms independently predict parenting behavior and child ADHD symptoms, we tested whether individual differences in multiple dimensions of positive and negative parenting behavior (i.e., corporal punishment, inconsistent discipline, positive parenting behavior, observed negative talk, and observed praise) mediated the association between parental and offspring ADHD. We used a prospective design that featured predictors (i.e., parent ADHD symptoms) and mediators (i.e., parenting behavior) that temporally preceded the outcome (i.e., offspring ADHD symptoms). Using a well-characterized sample of 120 children with and without ADHD (ages 5-10 at Wave 1, 7-12 at Wave 2) and their biological parents, we examined multimethod (i.e., observed, self-report) measures of positive and negative parenting behavior as simultaneous mediators of the association of Wave 1 parent and Wave 2 offspring ADHD symptoms. Using a multiple mediation framework, consisting of rigorous bootstrapping procedures and controlling for parent depression, child's baseline ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, and child's age, corporal punishment significantly and uniquely mediated the association of Wave 1 parent ADHD symptoms and Wave 2 offspring ADHD. We consider the role of parenting behavior in the intergenerational transmission of ADHD as well as implications of these findings for the intervention and prevention of childhood ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tung
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles
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Micali N, De Stavola B, Ploubidis GB, Simonoff E, Treasure J. The effects of maternal eating disorders on offspring childhood and early adolescent psychiatric disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:385-93. [PMID: 24222556 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that parental psychiatric disorders are associated with offspring psychiatric disorder. Very few small studies have investigated the effect of maternal eating disorders on offspring psychopathology throughout childhood and early adolescence. We aimed to investigate psychiatric disorders at age 7, 10, and 13 years in offspring of women with eating disorders prior to pregnancy and investigate the relative contribution of other psychiatric disorders. METHOD Women (N = 12,035) from a large population-based longitudinal cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A brief prepregnancy psychiatric history was obtained at enrollment to determine exposure. Offspring psychiatric disorder was measured using the developmental and well-being assessment at ages 7, 10, and 13. RESULTS Maternal eating disorders were associated with a psychiatric diagnosis in the offspring at age 7 and 10, particularly emotional disorders (Odds ratio = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.1-2.8). Maternal psychiatric disorders other than eating disorders predicted psychiatric diagnoses across ages, and acted in an additive fashion with maternal eating disorders. DISCUSSION Maternal eating disorders together with comorbid psychopathology increase risk for psychiatric disorders in childhood and early adolescence, in particular for emotional disorders. This has important implications for prevention and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Micali
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, Behavioral and Brain Sciences Unit, London, United Kingdom
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Breland DJ, McCarty CA, Zhou C, McCauley E, Rockhill C, Katon W, Richardson LP. Determinants of mental health service use among depressed adolescents. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:296-301. [PMID: 24417955 PMCID: PMC4517666 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate determinants of mental health service use among depressed adolescents. METHOD We assessed mental health services use over the 12 months following screening among 113 adolescents (34 males, 79 females) from an integrated healthcare system who screened positive for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥11). Youth characteristics (demographics, depression severity, and co-morbidity) and parent characteristics (parent history of depression, parent-report of youth externalizing and internalizing problems) were compared among youth who had received mental health services and those who had not. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the strongest factors associated with mental health service use. RESULTS Overall, 52% of adolescents who screened positive for depression received mental health service in the year following screening. Higher parent-reported youth internalizing problems (OR 5.37, CI 1.77-16.35), parental history of depression/anxiety (OR 4.12, CI 1.36-12.48) were significant factors associated with mental health service use. Suicidality and functional impairment were not associated with increased mental health services use. CONCLUSION Parental factors including recognition of the adolescent's internalizing symptoms and parental experience with depression/anxiety are strongly associated with mental health service use for depressed adolescents. This highlights the importance of educating parents about depression and developing systems to actively screen and engage youth in treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Breland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle Children’s Hospital
| | - Carolyn A. McCarty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle Children’s Hospital
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle Children’s Hospital
| | - Elizabeth McCauley
- Seattle Children’s Hospital,Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Carol Rockhill
- Seattle Children’s Hospital,Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Wayne Katon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences; UW School of Medicine
| | - Laura P. Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle Children’s Hospital
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Sellers R, Harold GT, Elam K, Rhoades KA, Potter R, Mars B, Craddock N, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Maternal depression and co-occurring antisocial behaviour: testing maternal hostility and warmth as mediators of risk for offspring psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:112-20. [PMID: 23808575 PMCID: PMC4573624 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption in the parent-child relationship is a commonly hypothesized risk factor through which maternal depression may increase risk for offspring psychopathology. However, maternal depression is commonly accompanied by other psychopathology, including antisocial behaviour. Few studies have examined the role of co-occurring psychopathology in depressed mothers. Using a longitudinal study of offspring of mothers with recurrent depression, we aimed to test whether maternal warmth/hostility mediated links between maternal depression severity and child outcomes, and how far direct and indirect pathways were robust to controls for co-occurring maternal antisocial behaviour. METHODS Mothers with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder and their adolescent offspring (9-17 years at baseline) were assessed three times between 2007 and 2010. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing their own depression severity and antisocial behaviour at Time 1 (T1). The parent-child relationship was assessed using parent-rated questionnaire and interviewer-rated 5-min speech sample at Time 2 (T2). Offspring symptoms of depression and disruptive behaviours were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment at Time 3 (T3). RESULTS Maternal hostility and warmth, respectively, mediated the association between maternal depression severity and risk for offspring psychopathology. However, the effects were attenuated when maternal antisocial behaviour was included in the analysis. In tests of the full theoretical model, maternal antisocial behaviour predicted both maternal hostility and low warmth, maternal hostility predicted offspring disruptive behaviour disorder symptoms, but not depression, and maternal warmth was not associated with either child outcome. CONCLUSIONS Parenting interventions aimed at reducing hostility may be beneficial for preventing or reducing adolescent disruptive behaviours in offspring of depressed mothers, especially when depressed mothers report co-occurring antisocial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sellers
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Gordon T. Harold
- School of Psychology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Kit Elam
- School of Psychology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
| | | | - Robert Potter
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Becky Mars
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Nick Craddock
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
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30
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Ramchandani PG, Murphy SE. Parental depression and the challenge of preventing mental illness in children. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 202:84-5. [PMID: 23377204 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parental depression is a risk factor for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents. Exciting scientific developments have elucidated potential early mechanisms of intergenerational risk transmission and new models of intervention may help to prevent some childhood problems. However, caution is needed in interpreting such associations as causal and in targeting interventions appropriately.
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31
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Boyd RC, Tervo-Clemmens B. Exploring Maternal and Child Effects of Comorbid Anxiety Disorders among African American Mothers with Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2. [PMID: 24040577 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Comorbid depression and anxiety disorders are commonly experienced in mothers. Both maternal depression and anxiety as well as their comorbidity has been shown to increase psychopathology in children, however, there is limited research focusing on African American families. The aim of this study is to examine whether comorbid anxiety disorders are associated with maternal depression severity, kinship support, and child behavioral problems in a sample of African American mothers with depression. African American mothers (n = 77) with a past year diagnosis of a depressive disorder and a child between the ages of ages 8-14 were administered a clinician interview and measures of maternal depression severity, kinship support, and child behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing) in a cross-sectional design. Results showed that more than half (58%) of the mothers had a comorbid anxiety disorder and a third had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Regression analyses showed that comorbid PTSD and Social Phobia were positively associated with maternal depression severity. Maternal comorbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was associated with child internalizing symptoms. The findings are consistent with other research demonstrating negative outcomes with maternal comorbidity of depression and anxiety, however, there is limited research focused on maternal depression and OCD or PTSD. The study suggests that it is important to consider comorbid anxiety and cultural issues when conceptualizing, studying, and treating mothers with depression and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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