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Jana S, Li W, Lei PJ, Wang Z, Kibara S, Huang P, Jones D. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Mammary Adenocarcinoma, MCa-P1362, with Hormone Receptor Expression, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positivity, and Enrichment in Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1137-1153. [PMID: 38749609 PMCID: PMC11156160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical models that display spontaneous metastasis are necessary to improve the therapeutic options for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Within this study, detailed cellular and molecular characterization was conducted on MCa-P1362, a newly established mouse model of metastatic breast cancer that is syngeneic in BALB/c mice. MCa-P1362 cancer cells express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. MCa-P1362 cancer cells proliferate in vitro and in vivo in response to estrogen, yet do not depend on steroid hormones for growth and tumor progression. Analysis of MCa-P1362 tumor explants revealed the tumors contained a mixture of cancer cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. Through transcriptomic and functional analyses of both cancer and stromal cells, stem cells were detected within both populations. Functional studies demonstrated that MCa-P1362 cancer stem cells drove tumor initiation, whereas stromal cells from these tumors contributed to drug resistance. MCa-P1362 may serve as a useful preclinical model to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of breast tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wende Li
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zixiong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaye Kibara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dennis Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Mandal G, Pradhan S. B cell responses and antibody-based therapeutic perspectives in human cancers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2056. [PMID: 38522010 PMCID: PMC10961090 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immuno-oncology has been focused on T cell-centric approaches until the field recently started appreciating the importance of tumor-reactive antibody production by tumor-infiltrating plasma B cells, and the necessity of developing novel therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of different cancers. RECENT FINDINGS B lymphocytes often infiltrate solid tumors and the extent of B cell infiltration normally correlates with stronger T cell responses while generating humoral responses against malignant progression by producing tumor antigens-reactive antibodies that bind and coat the tumor cells and promote cytotoxic effector mechanisms, reiterating the fact that the adaptive immune system works by coordinated humoral and cellular immune responses. Isotypes, magnitude, and the effector functions of antibodies produced by the B cells within the tumor environment differ among cancer types. Interestingly, apart from binding with specific tumor antigens, antibodies produced by tumor-infiltrating B cells could bind to some non-specific receptors, peculiarly expressed by cancer cells. Antibody-based immunotherapies have revolutionized the modalities of cancer treatment across the world but are still limited against hematological malignancies and a few types of solid tumor cancers with a restricted number of targets, which necessitates the expansion of the field to have newer effective targeted antibody therapeutics. CONCLUSION Here, we discuss about recent understanding of the protective spontaneous antitumor humoral responses in human cancers, with an emphasis on the advancement and future perspectives of antibody-based immunotherapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Mandal
- Division of Cancer BiologyDBT‐Institute of Life SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Suchismita Pradhan
- Division of Cancer BiologyDBT‐Institute of Life SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
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Song DH, Yang J, Kim CH, Kim MH, Jo JY, Baek JC. FcRn Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Features. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3660. [PMID: 38132243 PMCID: PMC10742809 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) has robust molecular diagnostic evidence that correlates well with prognosis. In various types of cancers, FcRn has been identified as an early marker for prognosis. This study aims to assess FcRn expression and its association with clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a tissue microarray (TMA) from a retrospective cohort of 41 patients diagnosed with endometrioid endometrial cancer post hysterectomy between January 2002 and December 2009 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Relevant clinical data collection for the cohort involved reviewing patients' electronic medical charts. FcRn expression in microarrays of patient EC tissue was examined in conjunction with clinicopathologic data. Experiments, including siRNA knock-down, PCR mRNA semiquantification, Western blot, and confluence change tests, were conducted on the Ishikawa cell line. RESULTS The overall FcRn expression rate in EC patients was 41.8%. FIGO stage showed a statistically significant relationship with FcRn expression, while age, lymphovascular invasion, myometrial invasion, and tumor size had no effect. In endometrioid cancer cells of FIGO stage IA, FcRn was less frequently expressed than in other high-staged EC patients (p = 0.021). In experiments on the Ishikawa cell line, the siRNA knock-down group exhibited quantitatively lower FCGRT mRNA expression and lower FcRn protein signal compared to the scrambled RNA control group. The change in confluence over time measured at three hotspots did not show a significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the initial assessment of FcRn expression in endometrioid EC samples. FcRn expression was significantly associated with the FIGO stage. Ishikawa cell line proliferation did not significantly change in response to decreased FcRn expression. Further studies are needed to elucidate FcRn expression in EC as a potential molecular parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Song
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea; (D.H.S.); (M.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Juseok Yang
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Min Hye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea; (D.H.S.); (M.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Jae Yoon Jo
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chul Baek
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Jana S, Li W, Lei PJ, Wang Z, Huang P, Jones D. "Isolation and characterization of a novel hormone receptor positive mammary adenocarcinoma MCa-P1362 with stromal drivers of tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance". BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543434. [PMID: 37333242 PMCID: PMC10274631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models that display spontaneous metastasis are necessary to improve therapeutic options for hormone receptor positive breast cancers. In this study, we conducted a detailed cellular and molecular characterization of MCa-P1362, a novel syngeneic Balb/c mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. MCa-P1362 cancer cells expressed estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and HER-2 receptors. MCa-P1362 cells proliferate in vitro and in vivo in response to estrogen, yet do not depend on steroid hormones for tumor progression. Further characterization of MCa-P1362 tumor explants shows that they contain a mixture of epithelial cancer cells and stromal cells. Based on transcriptomic and functional analyses of cancer and stromal cells, stem cells are present in both populations. Functional studies demonstrate that crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. MCa-P1362 may serve as a useful preclinical model to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of hormone receptor positive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Kuttanamkuzhi A, Panda D, Malaviya R, Gaidhani G, Lahiri M. Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:374. [PMID: 37095445 PMCID: PMC10127332 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Interestingly, Api5 is shown to regulate both apoptosis and cell proliferation. To address the precise functional significance of Api5 in carcinogenesis here we investigate the role of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. METHODS Initially, we carried out in silico analyses using TCGA and GENT2 datasets to understand expression pattern of API5 in breast cancer patients followed by investigating the protein expression in Indian breast cancer patient samples. To investigate the functional importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis, we utilised MCF10A 3D breast acinar cultures and spheroid cultures of malignant breast cells with altered Api5 expression. Various phenotypic and molecular changes induced by altered Api5 expression were studied using these 3D culture models. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity studies were used to confirm the importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. RESULTS In-silico analysis revealed elevated levels of Api5 transcript in breast cancer patients which correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of Api5 in non-tumorigenic breast acinar cultures resulted in increased proliferation and cells exhibited a partial EMT-like phenotype with higher migratory potential and disruption in cell polarity. Furthermore, during acini development, the influence of Api5 is mediated via the combined action of FGF2 activated PDK1-Akt/cMYC signalling and Ras-ERK pathways. Conversely, Api5 knock-down downregulated FGF2 signalling leading to reduced proliferation and diminished in vivo tumorigenic potential of the breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study identifies Api5 as a central player involved in regulating multiple events during breast carcinogenesis including proliferation, and apoptosis through deregulation of FGF2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Kuttanamkuzhi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Debiprasad Panda
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Radhika Malaviya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Gautami Gaidhani
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
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Barber J, Al-Majdoub ZM, Couto N, Howard M, Elmorsi Y, Scotcher D, Alizai N, de Wildt S, Stader F, Sepp A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Achour B. Toward systems-informed models for biologics disposition: covariates of the abundance of the neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) in human tissues and implications for pharmacokinetic modelling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 182:106375. [PMID: 36626943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biologics are a fast-growing therapeutic class, with intertwined pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, affected by the abundance and function of the FcRn receptor. While many investigators assume adequacy of classical models, such as allometry, for pharmacokinetic characterization of biologics, advocates of physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) propose consideration of known systems parameters that affect the fate of biologics to enable a priori predictions, which go beyond allometry. The aim of this study was to deploy a systems-informed modelling approach to predict the disposition of Fc-containing biologics. We used global proteomics to quantify the FcRn receptor [p51 and β2-microglobulin (B2M) subunits] in 167 samples of human tissue (liver, intestine, kidney and skin) and assessed covariates of its expression. FcRn p51 subunit was highest in liver relative to other tissues, and B2M was 1-2 orders of magnitude more abundant than FcRn p51 across all sets. There were no sex-related differences, while higher expression was confirmed in neonate liver compared with adult liver. Trends of expression in liver and kidney indicated a moderate effect of body mass index, which should be confirmed in a larger sample size. Expression of FcRn p51 subunit was approximately 2-fold lower in histologically normal liver tissue adjacent to cancer compared with healthy liver. FcRn mRNA in plasma-derived exosomes correlated moderately with protein abundance in matching liver tissue, opening the possibility of use as a potential clinical tool. Predicted effects of trends in FcRn abundance in healthy and disease (cancer and psoriasis) populations using trastuzumab and efalizumab PBPK models were in line with clinical observations, and global sensitivity analysis revealed endogenous IgG plasma concentration and tissue FcRn abundance as key systems parameters influencing exposure to Fc-conjugated biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Narciso Couto
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Howard
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmine Elmorsi
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Scotcher
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Saskia de Wildt
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Stader
- Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Sepp
- Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Brahim Achour
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Rhode Island, 495A Avedisian Hall, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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Mathur R, Jha NK, Saini G, Jha SK, Shukla SP, Filipejová Z, Kesari KK, Iqbal D, Nand P, Upadhye VJ, Jha AK, Roychoudhury S, Slama P. Epigenetic factors in breast cancer therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:886487. [PMID: 36212140 PMCID: PMC9539821 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy, with an emphasis on functionality, regulatory factors, therapeutic value, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sheo Prasad Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda, India
| | - Zita Filipejová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology, and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Thomas J, Torok MA, Agrawal K, Pfau T, Vu TT, Lyberger J, Chang H, Castillo AMM, Chen M, Remaily B, Kim K, Xie Z, Dillhoff ME, Kulp SK, Behbehani GK, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Ganesan LP, Owen DH, Phelps MA, Coss CC, Mace TA. The Neonatal Fc Receptor Is Elevated in Monocyte-Derived Immune Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7066. [PMID: 35806069 PMCID: PMC9266939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is responsible for recycling of IgG antibodies and albumin throughout the body. This mechanism has been exploited for pharmaceutic delivery across an array of diseases to either enhance or diminish this function. Monoclonal antibodies and albumin-bound nanoparticles are examples of FcRn-dependent anti-cancer therapeutics. Despite its importance in drug delivery, little is known about FcRn expression in circulating immune cells. Through time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) we were able to characterize FcRn expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and non-cancer donors. Furthermore, we were able to replicate these findings in an orthotopic murine model of PDAC. Altogether, we found that in both patients and mice with PDAC, FcRn was elevated in migratory and resident classical dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2) as well as monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations compared to tumor-free controls. Furthermore, PBMCs from PDAC patients had elevated monocyte, dendritic cells and MDSCs relative to non-cancer donor PBMCs. Future investigations into FcRn activity may further elucidate possible mechanisms of poor efficacy of antibody immunotherapies in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Molly A. Torok
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Kriti Agrawal
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Timothy Pfau
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Trang T. Vu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Justin Lyberger
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Hsiaochi Chang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Alyssa Marie M. Castillo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Bryan Remaily
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mary E. Dillhoff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Samuel K. Kulp
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Barone I, Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Andò S. Obesity and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights and perspectives. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13358. [PMID: 34559450 PMCID: PMC9285685 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, a recognized risk factor for various metabolic and chronic diseases, including numerous types of cancers, has risen dramatically over the recent decades worldwide. To date, convincing research in this area has painted a complex picture about the adverse impact of high body adiposity on breast cancer onset and progression. However, an emerging but overlooked issue of clinical significance is the limited efficacy of the conventional endocrine therapies with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or degraders (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in patients affected by breast cancer and obesity. The mechanisms behind the interplay between obesity and endocrine therapy resistance are likely to be multifactorial. Therefore, what have we actually learned during these years and which are the main challenges in the field? In this review, we will critically discuss the epidemiological evidence linking obesity to endocrine therapeutic responses and we will outline the molecular players involved in this harmful connection. Given the escalating global epidemic of obesity, advances in understanding this critical node will offer new precision medicine-based therapeutic interventions and more appropriate dosing schedule for treating patients affected by obesity and with breast tumors resistant to endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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10
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Fang G, Lu H, Rodriguez de la Fuente L, Law AMK, Lin G, Jin D, Gallego‐Ortega D. Mammary Tumor Organoid Culture in Non-Adhesive Alginate for Luminal Mechanics and High-Throughput Drug Screening. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102418. [PMID: 34494727 PMCID: PMC8564453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumor organoids have become a promising in vitro model for drug screening and personalized medicine. However, the dependency on the basement membrane extract (BME) as the growth matrices limits their comprehensive application. In this work, mouse mammary tumor organoids are established by encapsulating tumor pieces in non-adhesive alginate. High-throughput generation of organoids in alginate microbeads is achieved utilizing microfluidic droplet technology. Tumor pieces within the alginate microbeads developed both luminal- and solid-like structures and displayed a high similarity to the original fresh tumor in cellular phenotypes and lineages. The mechanical forces of the luminal organoids in the alginate capsules are analyzed with the theory of the thick-wall pressure vessel (TWPV) model. The luminal pressure of the organoids increase with the lumen growth and can reach 2 kPa after two weeks' culture. Finally, the mammary tumor organoids are treated with doxorubicin and latrunculin A to evaluate their application as a drug screening platform. It is found that the drug response is related to the luminal size and pressures of organoids. This high-throughput culture for mammary tumor organoids may present a promising tool for preclinical drug target validation and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Fang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
| | - Andrew M. K. Law
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
- UTS‐SUSTech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials and DevicesDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - David Gallego‐Ortega
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
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11
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Li Y, Kong X, Xuan L, Wang Z, Huang YH. Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: The next potential hope for breast cancer treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10327-10348. [PMID: 34651424 PMCID: PMC8581311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a hormone‐dependent tumour, generally includes four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple‐negative) based on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Multiple hormones in the body regulate the development of breast cancer. Endocrine therapy is one of the primary treatments for hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer, but endocrine resistance is the primary clinical cause of treatment failure. Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, mainly promoting mammary gland growth, stimulating and maintaining lactation. Previous studies suggest that high PRL levels can increase the risk of invasive breast cancer in women. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues are elevated in most ER+ and ER− tumours. PRL activates downstream signalling pathways and affects endocrine therapy resistance by combining with prolactin receptor (PRLR). In this review, we illustrated and summarized the correlations between endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer and PRL, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical practices. The study on PRL and its receptor would help explore reversing endocrine therapy‐resistance for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Sharma VK, Lahiri M. Interplay between p300 and HDAC1 regulate acetylation and stability of Api5 to regulate cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16427. [PMID: 34385547 PMCID: PMC8361156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Api5, is a known anti-apoptotic and nuclear protein that is responsible for inhibiting cell death in serum-starved conditions. The only known post-translational modification of Api5 is acetylation at lysine 251 (K251). K251 acetylation of Api5 is responsible for maintaining its stability while the de-acetylated form of Api5 is unstable. This study aimed to find out the enzymes regulating acetylation and deacetylation of Api5 and the effect of acetylation on its function. Our studies suggest that acetylation of Api5 at lysine 251 is mediated by p300 histone acetyltransferase while de-acetylation is carried out by HDAC1. Inhibition of acetylation by p300 leads to a reduction in Api5 levels while inhibition of deacetylation by HDAC1 results in increased levels of Api5. This dynamic switch between acetylation and deacetylation regulates the localisation of Api5 in the cell. This study also demonstrates that the regulation of acetylation and deacetylation of Api5 is an essential factor for the progression of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
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13
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Rudnik-Jansen I, Howard KA. FcRn expression in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic opportunities. J Control Release 2021; 337:248-257. [PMID: 34245786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify new cellular targets to expand the repertoire, potency and safety of cancer therapeutics. Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn)-driven cellular recycling plays a predominant role in the prolonged serum half-life of human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) exploited in long-acting cancer drug designs. FcRn-mediated HSA and IgG uptake in epithelial cells and dendritic cell antigen presentation offers new therapeutic opportunities beyond half-life extension. Altered FcRn expression in solid tumours accounting for HSA catabolism or recycling supports a role for FcRn in tumour metabolism and growth. This review addresses the mechanistic basis for different FcRn expression profiles observed in cancer and exploitation for targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, the review highlights FcRn-mediated immunosurveillance and immune therapy. FcRn offers a potential attractive cancer target but in-depth understanding of role and expression profiles during cancer pathogenesis is required for tailoring targeted drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Rudnik-Jansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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14
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An immune-related risk gene signature predicts the prognosis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:653-663. [PMID: 33400208 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate prediction of the outcome of breast cancer remains as a challenge due to its heterogeneous nature. We aimed to construct an immune-related risk signature to predict the overall outcome of breast cancer using bioinformatic approaches. METHODS In this study, transcriptome and survival data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to identify differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and normal samples. A regulatory network was constructed based on the immune-related prognostic genes and transcription factors screened from the differently expressed genes. The immune-related risk gene signature was obtained using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method and Cox regression model. The immune-related prognostic scores of breast cancer (IPSBC) calculated from the risk signature were used to group breast cancer patients by risk levels. The accuracy of IPSBC was evaluated by survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The independency and the relationship of IPSBC with clinicopathological characteristics and abundance of tumor-infiltrated immune cells were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 4296 differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and normal samples were identified, and a total of 13 prognostic immune-related genes were eventually selected as the risk gene signature, which was an independent prognostic factor of the overall survival of breast cancer. The IPSBC stratified breast cancer patients into low- and high-risk groups. Breast cancer patients in the high-risk group were associated with worse overall outcomes, more advanced stage and less abundance of tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells compared to low-risk group. CONCLUSION In this study, an immune-related gene signature of breast cancer was identified, which could be used as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets of breast cancer.
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15
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Cartaxo AL, Estrada MF, Domenici G, Roque R, Silva F, Gualda EJ, Loza-Alvarez P, Sflomos G, Brisken C, Alves PM, André S, Brito C. A novel culture method that sustains ERα signaling in human breast cancer tissue microstructures. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:161. [PMID: 32807212 PMCID: PMC7430012 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling is a defining and driving event in most breast cancers; ERα is detected in malignant epithelial cells of 75% of all breast cancers (classified as ER-positive breast cancer) and, in these cases, ERα targeting is the main therapeutic strategy. However, the biological determinants of ERα heterogeneity and the mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance are still elusive, hampered by the challenges in developing experimental models recapitulative of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and in which ERα signaling is sustained. Ex vivo cultures of human breast cancer tissue have been proposed to retain the original tissue architecture, epithelial and stromal cell components and ERα. However, loss of cellularity, viability and ERα expression are well-known culture-related phenomena. METHODS BC samples were collected and brought to the laboratory. Then they were minced, enzymatically digested, entrapped in alginate and cultured for 1 month. The histological architecture, cellular composition and cell proliferation of tissue microstructures were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was assessed by measurement of cell metabolic activity and histological evaluation. The presence of ERα was accessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR and its functionality evaluated by challenge with 17-β-estradiol and fulvestrant. RESULTS We describe a strategy based on entrapment of breast cancer tissue microstructures in alginate capsules and their long-term culture under agitation, successfully applied to tissue obtained from 63 breast cancer patients. After 1 month in culture, the architectural features of the encapsulated tissue microstructures were similar to the original patient tumors: epithelial, stromal and endothelial compartments were maintained, with an average of 97% of cell viability compared to day 0. In ERα-positive cases, fibers of collagen, the main extracellular matrix component in vivo, were preserved. ERα expression was at least partially retained at gene and protein levels and response to ERα stimulation and inhibition was observed at the level of downstream targets, demonstrating active ER signaling. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model system is a new methodology to study ex vivo breast cancer biology, in particular ERα signaling. It is suitable for interrogating the long-term effects of anti-endocrine drugs in a set-up that closely resembles the original tumor microenvironment, with potential application in pre- and co-clinical assays of ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Cartaxo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ruben Roque
- IPOLFG, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilio J Gualda
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Sflomos
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Saudade André
- IPOLFG, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal.
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16
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Krasny L, Bland P, Burns J, Lima NC, Harrison PT, Pacini L, Elms ML, Ning J, Martinez VG, Yu YR, Acton SE, Ho PC, Calvo F, Swain A, Howard BA, Natrajan RC, Huang PH. A mouse SWATH-mass spectrometry reference spectral library enables deconvolution of species-specific proteomic alterations in human tumour xenografts. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044586. [PMID: 32493768 PMCID: PMC7375474 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SWATH-mass spectrometry (MS) enables accurate and reproducible proteomic profiling in multiple model organisms including the mouse. Here, we present a comprehensive mouse reference spectral library (MouseRefSWATH) that permits quantification of up to 10,597 proteins (62.2% of the mouse proteome) by SWATH-MS. We exploit MouseRefSWATH to develop an analytical pipeline for species-specific deconvolution of proteomic alterations in human tumour xenografts (XenoSWATH). This method overcomes the challenge of high sequence similarity between mouse and human proteins, facilitating the study of host microenvironment-tumour interactions from 'bulk tumour' measurements. We apply the XenoSWATH pipeline to characterize an intraductal xenograft model of breast ductal carcinoma in situ and uncover complex regulation consistent with stromal reprogramming, where the modulation of cell migration pathways is not restricted to tumour cells but also operates in the mouse stroma upon progression to invasive disease. MouseRefSWATH and XenoSWATH open new opportunities for in-depth and reproducible proteomic assessment to address wide-ranging biological questions involving this important model organism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Databases, Protein
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Species Specificity
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Philip Bland
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jessica Burns
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nadia Carvalho Lima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Peter T Harrison
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Laura Pacini
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Mark L Elms
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jian Ning
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Victor Garcia Martinez
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Calvo
- The Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Amanda Swain
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Beatrice A Howard
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachael C Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
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17
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Cadena Castaneda D, Brachet G, Goupille C, Ouldamer L, Gouilleux-Gruart V. The neonatal Fc receptor in cancer FcRn in cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4736-4742. [PMID: 32368865 PMCID: PMC7333860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the neonatal IgG Fc receptor (FcRn) was discovered, it was found to be involved in immunoglobulin recycling and biodistribution, immune complexes routing, antigen presentation, humoral immune response, and cancer immunosurveillance. The latest data show that FcRn plays a part in cancer pathophysiology. In various types of cancers, such as lung and colorectal cancer, FcRn has been described as an early marker for prognosis. Dysregulation of FcRn expression by cancer cells allows them to increase their metabolism, and this process could be exploited for passive targeting of cytotoxic drugs. However, the roles of this receptor depend on whether the studied cell population is the tumor tissue or the infiltrating cells, bringing forward the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Goupille
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
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18
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Rybinska I, Sandri M, Bianchi F, Orlandi R, De Cecco L, Gasparini P, Campiglio M, Paolini B, Sfondrini L, Tagliabue E, Triulzi T. Extracellular Matrix Features Discriminate Aggressive HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Who Benefit from Trastuzumab Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020434. [PMID: 32069815 PMCID: PMC7072535 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified an extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression pattern in breast cancer (BC), called ECM3, characterized by a high expression of genes encoding structural ECM proteins. Since ECM is reportedly implicated in response to therapy of BCs, the aim of this work is to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of ECM3 molecular classification in HER2-positive BCs. ECM3 resulted in a robust cluster that identified a subset of 25-37% of HER2-positive tumors with molecular aggressive features. ECM3 was significantly associated with worse prognosis in two datasets of HER2-positive BCs untreated with adjuvant therapy. Analyses carried out on two of our cohorts of patients treated or not with adjuvant trastuzumab showed association of ECM3 with worse prognosis only in patients not treated with trastuzumab. Moreover, investigating a dataset that includes gene profile data of tumors treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone, ECM3 was associated with increased pathological complete response if treated with trastuzumab. In the in vivo experiments, increased diffusion and trastuzumab activity were found in tumors derived from injection of HER2-positive cells with Matrigel that creates an ECM-rich tumor environment. Taken together, these results indicate that HER2-positive BCs classified as ECM3 have an aggressive phenotype but they are sensitive to trastuzumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rybinska
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Data Methods and Systems Statistical Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
| | - Rosaria Orlandi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Genomic Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Manuela Campiglio
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Anatomic Pathology A Unit, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.R.); (F.B.); (R.O.); (M.C.); (T.T.)
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Bertoni APS, Iser IC, de Campos RP, Wink MR. Normalization in Human Glioma Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2065:175-190. [PMID: 31578695 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9833-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
For tissues obtained from glioma samples with/without nonneoplastic brain there is no consensus for universal reference gene but there are some potential genes that might have good stability, under certain conditions. Considering all points described in this work, the care with tissue collection, until gene amplification, directly impacts on the reliable characterization of its mRNA levels. Moreover, it is clear the importance of selecting the most appropriate reference genes for each experimental situation, to allow the accurate normalization of target genes, especially for genes that are subtly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Isabele Cristiana Iser
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Paschoal de Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Sinalização e Plasticidade Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosangela Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Banys-Paluchowski M, Loibl S, Witzel I, Mundhenke C, Lederer B, Solbach C, Karn T, Marmé F, Nekljudova V, Schem C, Stickeler E, Willumsen N, Karsdal MA, Untch M, Müller V. Clinical Relevance of Collagen Protein Degradation Markers C3M and C4M in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy in the GeparQuinto Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081186. [PMID: 31443252 PMCID: PMC6721504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Remodeling of extracellular matrix through collagen degradation is a crucial step in the metastatic cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential clinical relevance of the serum collagen degradation markers (CDM) C3M and C4M during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: Patients from the GeparQuinto phase 3 trial with untreated HER2-positive operable or locally advanced breast cancer were enrolled between 7 November 2007, and 9 July 2010, and randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant treatment with EC/docetaxel with either trastuzumab or lapatinib. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after four cycles of chemotherapy and at surgery. Cutoff values were determined using validated cutoff finder software (C3M: Low ≤9.00 ng/mL, high >9.00 ng/mL, C4M: Low ≤40.91 ng/mL, high >40.91 ng/mL). Results: 157 patients were included in this analysis. At baseline, 11.7% and 14.8% of patients had high C3M and C4M serum levels, respectively. No correlation was observed between CDM and classical clinical-pathological factors. Patients with high levels of CDM were significantly more likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR, defined as ypT0 ypN0) than patients with low levels (C3M: 66.7% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.002; C4M: 52.7% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.031). Median levels of both markers were lower at the time of surgery than at baseline. In the multivariate analysis including clinical-pathological factors and C3M levels at baseline and changes in C3M levels between baseline and after four cycles of therapy, only C3M levels at baseline (p = 0.035, OR 4.469, 95%-CI 1.115–17.919) independently predicted pCR. In a similar model including clinical-pathological factors and C4M, only C4M levels at baseline (p = 0.028, OR 6.203, 95%-CI 1.220–31.546) and tumor size (p = 0.035, OR 4.900, 95%-CI 1.122–21.393) were independent predictors of pCR. High C3M levels at baseline did not correlate with survival in the entire cohort but were associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.029, 5-year DFS 40.0% vs. 74.9%) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.020, 5-year OS 60.0% vs. 88.3%) in the subgroup of patients randomized to lapatinib. In the trastuzumab arm, C3M did not correlate with survival. In the entire patient cohort, high levels of C4M at baseline were significantly associated with shorter DFS (p = 0.001, 5-year DFS 53.1% vs. 81.6%) but not with OS. When treatment arms were considered separately, the association with DFS was still significant (p = 0.014, 5-year DFS 44.4% vs. 77.0% in the lapatinib arm; p = 0.023, 5-year DFS 62.5% vs. 86.2% in the trastuzumab arm). Conclusions: Collagen degradation markers are associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy and seem to play a role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mundhenke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Shehata M, Kim H, Vellanki R, Waterhouse PD, Mahendralingam M, Casey AE, Koritzinsky M, Khokha R. Identifying the murine mammary cell target of metformin exposure. Commun Biol 2019; 2:192. [PMID: 31123716 PMCID: PMC6527562 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of breast cancer makes current therapies challenging. Metformin, the anti-diabetic drug, has shown promising anti-cancer activities in epidemiological studies and breast cancer models. Yet, how metformin alters the normal adult breast tissue remains elusive. We demonstrate metformin intake at a clinically relevant dose impacts the hormone receptor positive (HR+) luminal cells in the normal murine mammary gland. Metformin decreases total cell number, progenitor capacity and specifically reduces DNA damage in normal HR+ luminal cells, decreases oxygen consumption rate and increases cell cycle length of luminal cells. HR+ luminal cells demonstrate the lowest levels of mitochondrial respiration and capacity to handle oxidative stress compared to the other fractions, suggesting their intrinsic susceptibility to long-term metformin exposure. Uncovering HR+ luminal cells in the normal mammary gland as the major cell target of metformin exposure could identify patients that would most benefit from repurposing this anti-diabetic drug for cancer prevention/therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shehata
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Hyeyeon Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Ravi Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Paul D. Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | | | - Alison E. Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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22
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Diaz Bessone MI, Gattas MJ, Laporte T, Tanaka M, Simian M. The Tumor Microenvironment as a Regulator of Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:547. [PMID: 31440208 PMCID: PMC6694443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive breast neoplasias represent over 70% of diagnosed breast cancers. Depending on the stage at which the tumor is detected, HER2 status and genomic risk, endocrine therapy is combined with either radio, chemo and/or targeted therapy. A growing amount of evidence supports the notion that components of the tumor microenvironment play specific roles in response to treatment and that strategies targeting these key interactions with tumor cells could pave the way to a new generation of therapies. In this review, we analyze the evidence suggesting different components of the tumor microenvironment play a role in hormone receptor positive breast cancer progression. In particular we focus on the immune system, carcinoma associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Further insight into the cross talk between these constituents of the microenvironment and the tumor cells may lead to therapies that eliminate disseminated metastatic cells early on, and thus reduce distant disease relapse which is the leading cause of death for patients who are diagnosed with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Diaz Bessone
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gattas
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Laporte
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Max Tanaka
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc School of Medical Sciences, University of Vrije, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marina Simian
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Marina Simian
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23
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Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Ziegler A. Teneurins: An Integrative Molecular, Functional, and Biomedical Overview of Their Role in Cancer. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:937. [PMID: 30618566 PMCID: PMC6297388 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are large transmembrane proteins originally identified in Drosophila. Their essential role in development of the central nervous system is conserved throughout species, and evidence supports their involvement in organogenesis of additional tissues. Homophilic and heterophilic interactions between Teneurin paralogues mediate cellular adhesion in crucial processes such as neuronal pathfinding and synaptic organization. At the molecular level, Teneurins are proteolytically processed into distinct subdomains that have been implicated in extracellular and intracellular signaling, and in transcriptional regulation. Phylogenetic studies have shown a high degree of intra- and interspecies conservation of Teneurin genes. Accordingly, the occurrence of genetic variants has been associated with functional and phenotypic alterations in experimental systems, and with some inherited or sporadic conditions. Recently, tumor-related variations in Teneurin gene expression have been associated with patient survival in different cancers. Although these findings were incidental and molecular mechanisms were not addressed, they suggested a potential utility of Teneurin transcript levels as biomarkers for disease prognosis. Mutations and chromosomal alterations affecting Teneurin genes have been found occasionally in tumors, but literature remains scarce. The analysis of open-access molecular and clinical datasets derived from large oncologic cohorts provides an invaluable resource for the identification of additional somatic mutations. However, Teneurin variants have not been classified in terms of pathogenic risk and their phenotypic impact remains unknown. On this basis, is it plausible to hypothesize that Teneurins play a role in carcinogenesis? Does current evidence support a tumor suppressive or rather oncogenic function for these proteins? Here, we comprehensively discuss available literature with integration of molecular evidence retrieved from open-access databases. We show that Teneurins undergo somatic changes comparable to those of well-established cancer genes, and discuss their involvement in cancer-related signaling pathways. Current data strongly suggest a functional contribution of Teneurins to human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annemarie Ziegler
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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24
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AlFakeeh A, Brezden-Masley C. Overcoming endocrine resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:S18-S27. [PMID: 29910644 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy, a major modality in the treatment of hormone receptor (hr)-positive breast cancer (bca), has improved outcomes in metastatic and nonmetastatic disease. However, a limiting factor to the use of endocrine therapy in bca is resistance resulting from the development of escape pathways that promote the survival of cancer cells despite estrogen receptor (er)-targeted therapy. The resistance pathways involve extensive cross-talk between er and receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors [epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor] and their downstream signalling pathways-most notably pi3k/akt/mtor and mapk. In some cases, resistance develops as a result of genetic or epigenetic alterations in various components of the signalling pathways, such as overexpression of her2 and erα co-activators, aberrant expression of cell-cycle regulators, and PIK3CA mutations. By combining endocrine therapy with various molecularly targeted agents and signal transduction inhibitors, some success has been achieved in overcoming and modulating endocrine resistance in hr-positive bca. Established strategies include selective er downregulators, anti-her2 agents, mtor (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitors, and inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6. Inhibitors of pi3ka are not currently a treatment option for women with hr-positive bca outside the context of clinical trial. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring more agents that could be combined with endocrine therapy, and biomarkers that would help to guide decision-making and maximize clinical efficacy. In this review article, we address current treatment strategies for endocrine resistance, and we highlight future therapeutic targets in the endocrine pathway of bca.
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Affiliation(s)
- A AlFakeeh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,King Fahad Medical City, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Brezden-Masley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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25
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Heindl A, Sestak I, Naidoo K, Cuzick J, Dowsett M, Yuan Y. Relevance of Spatial Heterogeneity of Immune Infiltration for Predicting Risk of Recurrence After Endocrine Therapy of ER+ Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:4064177. [PMID: 28859291 PMCID: PMC6298573 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing evidence supporting the clinical utility of immune infiltration in the estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) subtype, the prognostic value of immune infiltration for ER+ disease is not well defined. Methods Quantitative immune scores of cell abundance and spatial heterogeneity were computed using a fully automated hematoxylin and eosin-stained image analysis algorithm and spatial statistics for 1178 postmenopausal patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with five years' tamoxifen or anastrozole. The prognostic significance of immune scores was compared with Oncotype DX 21-gene recurrence score (RS), PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR) score, IHC4, and clinical treatment score, available for 963 patients. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results Scores of immune cell abundance were not associated with recurrence-free survival. In contrast, high immune spatial scores indicating increased cell spatial clustering were associated with poor 10-year, early (0-5 years), and late (5-10 years) recurrence-free survival (Immune Hotspot: LR-χ2 = 14.06, P < .001, for 0-10 years; LR-χ2 = 6.24, P = .01, for 0-5 years; LR-χ2 = 7.89, P = .005, for 5-10 years). The prognostic value of spatial scores for late recurrence was similar to that of IHC4 and RS in both populations, but was not as strong as other tests in comparison for recurrence across 10 years. Conclusions These results provide a missing link between tumor immunity and disease outcome in ER+ disease by examining tumor spatial architecture. The association between spatial scores and late recurrence suggests a lasting memory of protumor immunity that may impact disease progression and evolution of endocrine treatment resistance, which may be exploited for therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heindl
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ivana Sestak
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kalnisha Naidoo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Rastelli F, Crispino S. Factors Predictive of Response to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:370-83. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Approximately half of metastatic breast cancers expressing estrogen and/or progesterone receptors responds to endocrine therapy, and postoperative adjuvant endocrine therapy provides about a 50% reduction in the development of recurrent disease. A number of publications have focused on the correlation of biomarkers, in particular estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2/neu status as well as different gene profiles, multigene assays and genetic polymorphisms with response to hormone therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the literature to identify biological markers predictive of response to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Methods A computerized literature search through Medline and ASCO abstract databases was performed, applying the words “endocrine therapy” and “predictive markers” and each of the following: early and metastatic breast cancer, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, multigene assays, polymorphisms. The last search was updated in June 2007. In the examined literature, biological markers were retrospectively assayed to establish whether such variables were predictive for endocrine therapy efficacy. Results The role of estrogen receptor content as a predictor of response to endocrine treatment was confirmed: benefit from endocrine treatment was directly proportional to estrogen receptor levels. Progesterone receptor status was only a strong time-dependent prognostic value, and it has not yet been validated as a predictive factor of tamoxifen efficacy. Retrospective clinical data from upfront and sequential studies of aromatase inhibitors were discordant regarding the degree of benefit of these drugs over tamoxifen according to progesterone receptor status. HER-2 positivity was associated with a significantly greater risk of endocrine therapy failure in metastatic and neoadjuvant settings. The current generation of genomic assays for tamoxifen sensitivity all contain a combination of prognostic information that it is difficult to integrate into clinical practice. Conclusions Available clinical data are inconclusive to support preferential use of aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen in progesterone-receptor-negative and HER-2-positive tumors, but it was also clear that lower estrogen receptors, lower progesterone receptors, and positive HER-2 are associated with lower responsiveness to any type of endocrine therapy. Tumors overexpressing HER-2 are endocrine resistant and they require the blockage of the HER-2 pathway in addition to estrogen deprivation. Recent molecular studies have shown that endocrine responsiveness is to a large extent influenced by estrogen-receptor-related pathways. In the future, the key to the correct tailoring of hormone therapy will probably be the ability to subtype estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Crispino
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Dipartimento Oncologico USL7, Siena, Italy
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IGF1R signaling drives antiestrogen resistance through PAK2/PIX activation in luminal breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1869-1884. [PMID: 29353882 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is associated with increased expression and activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Here, a kinome siRNA screen has identified 10 regulators of IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen with clinical significance. These include the tamoxifen resistance suppressors BMPR1B, CDK10, CDK5, EIF2AK1, and MAP2K5, and the tamoxifen resistance inducers CHEK1, PAK2, RPS6KC1, TTK, and TXK. The p21-activated kinase 2, PAK2, is the strongest resistance inducer. Silencing of the tamoxifen resistance inducing genes, particularly PAK2, attenuates IGF1R-mediated resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. High expression of PAK2 in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients is correlated with unfavorable outcome after first-line tamoxifen monotherapy. Phospho-proteomics has defined PAK2 and the PAK-interacting exchange factors PIXα/β as downstream targets of IGF1R signaling, which are independent from PI3K/ATK and MAPK/ERK pathways. PAK2 and PIXα/β modulate IGF1R signaling-driven cell scattering. Targeting PIXα/β entirely mimics the effect of PAK2 silencing on antiestrogen re-sensitization. These data indicate PAK2/PIX as an effector pathway in IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance.
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28
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Boracchi P, Coradini D, Antolini L, Oriana S, Dittadi R, Gion M, Daidone M, Biganzoli E. A Prediction Model for Breast Cancer Recurrence after Adjuvant Hormone Therapy. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:199-206. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hormone therapy with tamoxifen has long been the established adjuvant treatment for node-positive, estrogen–receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Since 30–40% of these patients fail to respond, reliable outcome prediction is necessary for successful treatment allocation. Using pathobiological variables (available in most clinical records: tumor size, nodal involvement, estrogen and progesterone receptor content) from 596 patients recruited at a comprehensive cancer center, we developed a prediction model which we validated in an independent cohort of 175 patients recruited at a general hospital. Calculated at 3 and 4 years of follow-up, the discrimination indices were 0.716 [confidence limits (CL) 0.641, 0.752] and 0.714 (CL 0.650, 0.750) for the training data, and 0.726 (CL 0.591, 0.769) and 0.677 (CL 0.580, 0.745) for the testing data. Waiting for more effective approaches from genomic and proteomic studies, a model based on consolidated pathobiological variables routinely assessed at relatively low costs may be considered as the reference for assessing the gain of new markers over traditional ones, thus substantially improving the conventional use of prognostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Boracchi
- Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
- Equally contributing Authors
| | - D. Coradini
- Unità Operativa Ricerca Traslazionale, Dipartimento Sperimentale, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
- Equally contributing Authors
| | - L. Antolini
- Unità di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - S. Oriana
- Centro di Senologia, Casa di Cura Ambrosiana, Cesano Boscone, Milan
| | - R. Dittadi
- Centro Regionale Indicatori Biochimici di Tumore, Ospedale Civile, Asl 12, Venice - Italy
| | - M. Gion
- Centro Regionale Indicatori Biochimici di Tumore, Ospedale Civile, Asl 12, Venice - Italy
| | - M.G. Daidone
- Unità Operativa Ricerca Traslazionale, Dipartimento Sperimentale, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - E. Biganzoli
- Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
- Unità di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
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29
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FGFR2-Driven Signaling Counteracts Tamoxifen Effect on ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:791-804. [PMID: 28869838 PMCID: PMC5964976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by growth factors receptors has long been suggested as one of the key factors responsible for failure of endocrine treatment in breast cancer (BCa). Herein we present that in the presence of tamoxifen, FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) promote BCa cell growth with the strongest effect being produced by FGF7. FGFR2 was identified as a mediator of FGF7 action and the FGFR2-induced signaling was found to underlie cancer-associated fibroblasts-dependent resistance to tamoxifen. FGF7/FGFR2-triggered pathway was shown to induce ER phosphorylation, ubiquitination and subsequent ER proteasomal degradation which counteracted tamoxifen-promoted ER stabilization. We also identified activation of PI3K/AKT signaling targeting ER-Ser167 and regulation of Bcl-2 expression as a mediator of FGFR2-promoted resistance to tamoxifen. Analysis of tissue samples from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma revealed an inversed correlation between expression of FGFR2 and ER, thus supporting our in vitro data. These results unveil the complexity of ER regulation by FGFR2-mediated signaling likely to be associated with BCa resistance to endocrine therapy.
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30
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Goicoechea I, Rezola R, Arestin M, M Caffarel M, Cortazar AR, Manterola L, Fernandez-Mercado M, Armesto M, Sole C, Larrea E, M Araujo A, Ancizar N, Plazaola A, Urruticoechea A, Carracedo A, Ruiz I, Alvarez Lopez I, H Lawrie C. Spatial intratumoural heterogeneity in the expression of GIT1 is associated with poor prognostic outcome in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients with synchronous lymph node metastases. F1000Res 2017; 6:1606. [PMID: 29862012 PMCID: PMC5843846 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12393.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The outcome for oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients has improved greatly in recent years largely due to targeted therapy. However, the presence of involved multiple synchronous lymph nodes remains associated with a poor outcome. Consequently, these patients would benefit from the identification of new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) has recently been shown to be an indicator of advanced stage breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated its expression and prognostic value of GIT1 in a cohort of 140 ER+ breast cancer with synchronous lymph node involvement. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess GIT1 expression in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing duplicate non-adjacent cores with matched primary tumour and lymph node tissue (n=140). GIT1 expression in tumour cells was scored and statistical correlation analyses were carried out. Results: The results revealed a sub-group of patients that displayed discordant expression of GIT1 between the primary tumour and the lymph nodes (i.e. spatial intratumoural heterogeneity). We observed that loss of GIT1 expression in the tumour cells of the metastasis was associated with a shorter time to recurrence, poorer overall survival, and a shorter median survival time. Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that GIT1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator. Conclusions: GIT1 expression enabled the identification of a sub-class of ER+ patients with lymph node metastasis that have a particularly poor prognostic outcome. We propose that this biomarker could be used to further stratify ER+ breast cancer patients with synchronous lymph node involvement and therefore facilitate adjuvant therapy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rezola
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Onkologikoa- Instituto Oncológico, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | | | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Nerea Ancizar
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Arrate Plazaola
- Onkologikoa- Instituto Oncológico, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Derio, 48160, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa , 48940, Spain
| | - Irune Ruiz
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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31
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Bjørklund SS, Panda A, Kumar S, Seiler M, Robinson D, Gheeya J, Yao M, Alnæs GIG, Toppmeyer D, Riis M, Naume B, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Ganesan S, Bhanot G. Widespread alternative exon usage in clinically distinct subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5568. [PMID: 28717182 PMCID: PMC5514065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can have different patterns of exon usage of individual genes when compared to normal tissue, suggesting that alternative splicing may play a role in shaping the tumor phenotype. The discovery and identification of gene variants has increased dramatically with the introduction of RNA-sequencing technology, which enables whole transcriptome analysis of known, as well as novel isoforms. Here we report alternative splicing and transcriptional events among subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA) cohort. Alternative exon usage was widespread, and although common events were shared among three subtypes, ER+ HER2−, ER− HER2−, and HER2+, many events on the exon level were subtype specific. Additional RNA-seq analysis was carried out in an independent cohort of 43 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− primary breast tumors, confirming many of the exon events identified in the TCGA cohort. Alternative splicing and transcriptional events detected in five genes, MYO6, EPB41L1, TPD52, IQCG, and ACOX2 were validated by qRT-PCR in a third cohort of 40 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− patients, showing that these events were truly subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Stordal Bjørklund
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anshuman Panda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Michael Seiler
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Doug Robinson
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Margit Riis
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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32
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Basset C, Bonnet-Magnaval F, Navarro MGJ, Touriol C, Courtade M, Prats H, Garmy-Susini B, Lacazette E. Api5 a new cofactor of estrogen receptor alpha involved in breast cancer outcome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52511-52526. [PMID: 28881748 PMCID: PMC5581047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Api5 (Apoptosis inhibitor 5) is an anti-apoptotic factor that confers resistance to genotoxic stress in human cancer. Api5 is also expressed in endothelial cells and participates to the Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) signaling to promote cell migration. In this study, we found an over expression of Api5 in human breast cancer. Given that we show that high expression of Api5 in breast cancer patients is associated with shorter recurrence free survival, we investigated the relationship between ERα and Api5 at the molecular level. We found that Api5 Nuclear Receptor box (NR box) drives a direct interaction with the C domain of ERα. Furthermore, Api5 participates to gene transcription activation of ERα target genes upon estrogen treatment. Besides, Api5 expression favors tumorigenicity and migration and is necessary for tumor growth in vivo in mice xenografted model of breast cancer cell line. These finding suggest that Api5 is a new cofactor of ERα that functionally participates to the tumorigenic phenotype of breast cancer cells. In ERα breast cancer patients, Api5 overexpression is associated with poor survival, and may be used as a predictive marker of breast cancer recurrence free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Basset
- U1037-CRCT, INSERM, Université Toulouse, F-31037, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Monique Courtade
- U1037-CRCT, INSERM, Université Toulouse, F-31037, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Prats
- U1037-CRCT, INSERM, Université Toulouse, F-31037, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Eric Lacazette
- UMR 1048-I2MC, INSERM, Université Toulouse, F-31432, Toulouse, France
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33
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COL1A1, PRPF40A, and UCP2 correlate with hypoxia markers in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1133-1141. [PMID: 28258342 PMCID: PMC5486546 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1), RNA-binding and pre-mRNA Processing Factor (PRPF40A), and Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) were identified as downstream effectors of cytoglobin (CYGB), which was shown implicated in tumour biology. Although these three genes have been previously associated with cancer, little is known about their status in lung malignancies. Methods Hereby, we investigated the expression and promoter methylation of COL1A1, PRPF40A, and UCP2 in 156 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and adjacent normal tissues. Results We demonstrate that COL1A1 and PRPF40A mRNAs are significantly overexpressed in NSCLC (p < 1 × 10−4), while UCP2 exhibits a trend of upregulation (p = 0.066). Only COL1A1 promoter revealed hypermethylation in NSCLCs (36%), which was particularly evident in squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.024) and in the tumours with moderate-to-good differentiation (p = 0.01). Transcript level of COL1A1, as well as PRPF40A and UCP2, exhibited striking association (p ≤ 0.001) with the expression of hypoxia markers. In addition, we demonstrate in lung cancer cell lines exposed to hypoxia or oxidative stress that COL1A1 transcription significantly responds to oxygen depletion, while other genes showed the modest upregulation in stress conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, our data revealed that COL1A1, UCP2, and PRPF40A are novel players implicated in the complex network of hypoxia response in NSCLC.
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34
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Tan LH, Sykes PH, Alkaisi MM, Evans JJ. Cell-like features imprinted in the physical nano- and micro-topography of the environment modify the responses to anti-cancer drugs of endometrial cancer cells. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015017. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5c9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Sithara S, Crowley TM, Walder K, Aston-Mourney K. Gene expression signature: a powerful approach for drug discovery in diabetes. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R131-R139. [PMID: 27927696 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate around the world. Much effort has gone into the discovery and design of antidiabetic drugs; however, those already available are unable to combat the underlying causes of the disease and instead only moderate the symptoms. The reason for this is that T2D is a complex disease, and attempts to target one biological pathway are insufficient to combat the full extent of the disease. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiology of this disease is yet to be fully elucidated making it difficult to design drugs that target the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the approach of designing new drugs aimed at a specific molecular target is not optimal and a more expansive, unbiased approach is required. In this review, we will look at the current state of diabetes treatments and how these target the disease symptoms but are unable to combat the underlying causes. We will also review how the technique of gene expression signatures (GESs) has been used successfully for other complex diseases and how this may be applied as a powerful tool for the discovery of new drugs for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smithamol Sithara
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- School of MedicineMMR, Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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36
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Berardi DE, Raffo D, Todaro LB, Simian M. Laminin Modulates the Stem Cell Population in LM05-E Murine Breast Cancer Cells through the Activation of the MAPK/ERK Pathway. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:869-879. [PMID: 28052658 PMCID: PMC5654159 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the effects of laminin on the fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in the estrogen-dependent, tamoxifen-sensitive LM05-E breast cancer cell line. We also determined whether laminin affected the response to tamoxifen. Materials and Methods The LM05-E breast cancer cell line was used as a model for all experiments. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, clonogenic and mammosphere assays were performed to measure the effects of laminin on modulation of the stem cell subpopulation. Pluripotent gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway was determined using specific inhibitors. The effects of laminin on the response to tamoxifenwere determined and the involvement of α6 integrin was investigated. Results We found that pretreatment with laminin leads to a decrease in cells with the ability to form mammospheres that was accompanied by a decrease in ALDH activity. Moreover, exposure of mammospheres to laminin reduced the capacity to form secondary mammospheres and decreased the expression of Sox-2, Nanog, and Oct-4. We previously reported that 4-OH-tamoxifen leads to an increase in the expression of these genes in LM05-E cells. Treatment with signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that the MAPK/ERK pathway mediates the effects of laminin. Finally, laminin induced tamoxifen resistance in LM05-E cells through α6 integrin. Conclusion Our results suggest that the final number of cells with self-renewing capacity in estrogen-dependent breast tumors may result from the combined effects of endocrine treatment and microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián E Berardi
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Raffo
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Todaro
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Members of the Research Career, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Simian
- Members of the Research Career, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Argentina
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37
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Kaushik S, Pickup MW, Weaver VM. From transformation to metastasis: deconstructing the extracellular matrix in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:655-667. [PMID: 27914000 PMCID: PMC5215979 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a guiding force that regulates various developmental stages of the breast. In addition to providing structural support for the cells, it mediates epithelial-stromal communication and provides cues for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Perturbations in ECM architecture profoundly influence breast tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding how a dysregulated ECM can facilitate malignant transformation is crucial to designing treatments to effectively target the tumor microenvironment. Here, we address the contribution of ECM mechanics to breast cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kaushik
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Pickup
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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38
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Cai H, Li X, Li J, Ao L, Yan H, Tong M, Guan Q, Li M, Guo Z. Tamoxifen therapy benefit predictive signature coupled with prognostic signature of post-operative recurrent risk for early stage ER+ breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44593-608. [PMID: 26527319 PMCID: PMC4792578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two types of prognostic signatures for predicting recurrent risk of ER+ breast cancer patients have been developed: one type for patients accepting surgery only and another type for patients receiving post-operative tamoxifen therapy. However, the first type of signature cannot distinguish high-risk patients who cannot benefit from tamoxifen therapy, while the second type of signature cannot identify patients who will be at low risk of recurrence even if they accept surgery only. In this study, we proposed to develop two coupled signatures to solve these problems based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs. Firstly, we identified a prognostic signature of post-operative recurrent risk using 544 samples of ER+ breast cancer patients accepting surgery only. Then, applying this drug-free signature to 840 samples of patients receiving post-operative tamoxifen therapy, we recognized 553 samples of patients who would have been at high risk of recurrence if they had accepted surgery only and used these samples to develop a tamoxifen therapy benefit predictive signature. The two coupled signatures were validated in independent data. The signatures developed in this study are robust against experimental batch effects and applicable at the individual levels, which can facilitate the clinical decision of tamoxifen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Acquired CDK6 amplification promotes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors and loss of ER signaling and dependence. Oncogene 2016; 36:2255-2264. [PMID: 27748766 PMCID: PMC5393973 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of the CDK4/6 kinases is a hallmark of most mammary-derived carcinomas. ATP-competitive inhibitors against this complex have been recently advanced in the clinic and have shown significant activity, particularly against tumors driven by the estrogen receptor (ER). However, resistance to these compounds has begun to emerge often months to years after their initiation. We investigated potential mechanisms of resistance using cell line models that are highly sensitive to this class of drugs. After prolonged exposure to the selective and potent CDK4/6 inhibitor LY2835219, clones emerged and several were found to harbor amplification of the CDK6 kinase. Amplification of CDK6 resulted in a marked increase in CDK6 expression and reduced response of the CDK4/6 target, phospho-Rb (pRb), to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Knockdown of CDK6 restored drug sensitivity, while enforced overexpression of CDK6 was sufficient to mediate drug resistance. Not only did CDK6 overexpression mediate resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors but it also led to reduced expression of the ER and progesterone receptor (PR), and diminished responsiveness to ER antagonism. The reduced ER/PR expression after CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance was additionally observed in tumor biopsy specimens from patients treated with these drugs. Alternative mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as loss of pRb and cyclin E1 overexpression also exhibited decreased hormone responsiveness, suggesting that the clinical paradigm of sequential endocrine-based therapy may be ineffective in some settings of acquired CDK4/6 resistance.
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40
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Brechbuhl HM, Finlay-Schultz J, Yamamoto TM, Gillen AE, Cittelly DM, Tan AC, Sams SB, Pillai MM, Elias AD, Robinson WA, Sartorius CA, Kabos P. Fibroblast Subtypes Regulate Responsiveness of Luminal Breast Cancer to Estrogen. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1710-1721. [PMID: 27702820 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Antiendocrine therapy remains the most effective treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but development of resistance is a major clinical complication. Effective targeting of mechanisms that control the loss of ER dependency in breast cancer remains elusive. We analyzed breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the largest component of the tumor microenvironment, as a factor contributing to ER expression levels and antiendocrine resistance.Experimental Design: Tissues from patients with ER+ breast cancer were analyzed for the presence of CD146-positive (CD146pos) and CD146-negative (CD146neg) fibroblasts. ER-dependent proliferation and tamoxifen sensitivity were evaluated in ER+ tumor cells cocultured with CD146pos or CD146neg fibroblasts. RNA sequencing was used to develop a high-confidence gene signature that predicts for disease recurrence in tamoxifen-treated patients with ER+ breast cancer.Results: We demonstrate that ER+ breast cancers contain two CAF subtypes defined by CD146 expression. CD146neg CAFs suppress ER expression in ER+ breast cancer cells, decrease tumor cell sensitivity to estrogen, and increase tumor cell resistance to tamoxifen therapy. Conversely, the presence of CD146pos CAFs maintains ER expression in ER+ breast cancer cells and sustains estrogen-dependent proliferation and sensitivity to tamoxifen. Conditioned media from CD146pos CAFs with tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells are sufficient to restore tamoxifen sensitivity. Gene expression profiles of patient breast tumors with predominantly CD146neg CAFs correlate with inferior clinical response to tamoxifen and worse patient outcomes.Conclusions: Our data suggest that CAF composition contributes to treatment response and patient outcomes in ER+ breast cancer and should be considered a target for drug development. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1710-21. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Brechbuhl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Austin E Gillen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon B Sams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manoj M Pillai
- Section of Hematology, Division of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony D Elias
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William A Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Kabos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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41
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Braunstein LZ, Taghian AG. Molecular Phenotype, Multigene Assays, and the Locoregional Management of Breast Cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2016; 26:9-16. [PMID: 26617205 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular profiling has revealed that breast cancer is not a single disease entity, but rather a class of heterogeneous subtypes, each with its own inherent biology and natural history. As a result, different treatment approaches have been optimized for the various subtypes and, in turn, the ability to identify subtypes has become a critical element in the management of breast cancer. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling studies have revealed at least 4 principal subtypes that, in practice, are often distinguished by immunohistochemical staining of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2, along with a determination of histologic grade or Ki-67 staining: luminal A (ER+/HER2-/grade 1 or 2), luminal B (ER+/HER2-/grade 3), HER2 enriched (any HER2+ tumor), and basal like (ER-/PR-/HER2-). Although these immunohistochemically derived subtypes show robust prognostic and predictive ability, there remain many cases that demand profiling that more closely approximates the original transcriptionally derived definitions of the intrinsic subtypes. The need for improved prognostication and risk stratification has led to the development of several multigene assays in breast cancer. Although there is little molecular overlap between current assays, they all rely heavily on quantifying the transcriptional output of ER signaling and proliferation-related genes. These data are typically then used in multivariate prediction models that incorporate other canonical risk factors such as the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and patient demographic parameters, among others. Indeed, the advent of scalable molecular profiling technologies has brought a number of assays into routine clinical use for optimizing risk prediction and treatment assignment. The landscape of these assays and the clinical utility of contemporary molecular profiles are the main focus of this overview. In addition to the clinical advances in transcriptional subtyping, recent reports have characterized the most common genomic and epigenomic alterations that are likely to drive certain breast cancers. The identification of these "driver" lesions has heralded an era of precision medicine in which vulnerable oncogenic pathways may be targeted to disrupt the etiologic lesion(s) of a specific tumor. A number of such early targeted approaches have yielded success in treating breast cancer, demonstrating the critical need for molecular diagnostics in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alphonse G Taghian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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42
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Rondón-Lagos M, Rangel N, Di Cantogno LV, Annaratone L, Castellano I, Russo R, Manetta T, Marchiò C, Sapino A. Effect of low doses of estradiol and tamoxifen on breast cancer cell karyotypes. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:635-50. [PMID: 27357940 PMCID: PMC5064758 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports a role of 17&-estradiol (E2) in carcinogenesis and the large majority of breast carcinomas are dependent on estrogen. The anti-estrogen tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used for both treatment and prevention of breast cancer; however, it is also carcinogenic in human uterus and rat liver, highlighting the profound complexity of its actions. The nature of E2- or TAM-induced chromosomal damage has been explored using relatively high concentrations of these agents, and only some numerical aberrations and chromosomal breaks have been analyzed. This study aimed to determine the effects of low doses of E2 and TAM (10(&8 )mol L(&1) and 10(&6 )mol L(&1) respectively) on karyotypes of MCF7, T47D, BT474, and SKBR3 breast cancer cells by comparing the results of conventional karyotyping and multi-FISH painting with cell proliferation. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (+) cells showed an increase in cell proliferation after E2 treatment (MCF7, T47D, and BT474) and a decrease after TAM treatment (MCF7 and T47D), whereas in ER& cells (SKBR3), no alterations in cell proliferation were observed, except for a small increase at 96 h. Karyotypes of both ER+ and ER& breast cancer cells increased in complexity after treatments with E2 and TAM leading to specific chromosomal abnormalities, some of which were consistent throughout the treatment duration. This genotoxic effect was higher in HER2+ cells. The ER&/HER2+ SKBR3 cells were found to be sensitive to TAM, exhibiting an increase in chromosomal aberrations. These in vitro results provide insights into the potential role of low doses of E2 and TAM in inducing chromosomal rearrangements in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Rangel
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Turin, Turin, Italy Natural and Mathematical Sciences FacultyUniversidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Rosalia Russo
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tilde Manetta
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Turin, Turin, Italy Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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43
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De Marchi T, Foekens JA, Umar A, Martens JWM. Endocrine therapy resistance in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1181-8. [PMID: 27233379 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer represents the majority (∼70%) of all breast malignancies. In this subgroup of breast cancers, endocrine therapies are effective both in the adjuvant and recurrent settings, although resistance remains a major issue. Several high-throughput approaches have been used to elucidate mechanisms of resistance and to derive potential predictive markers or alternative therapies. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of endocrine-resistance biomarker discovery with regard to the latest technological developments, and discuss current opportunities and restrictions for their implementation into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso De Marchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arzu Umar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Dieci MV, Griguolo G, Miglietta F, Guarneri V. The immune system and hormone-receptor positive breast cancer: Is it really a dead end? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 46:9-19. [PMID: 27055087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Even if breast cancer has not been traditionally considered an immunogenic tumor, recent data suggest that immunity, and its interaction with tumor cells and tumor microenvironment, might play an important role in this malignancy, in particular in triple negative and HER2+ subtypes. As no consistent data on the potential clinical relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes have been produced in hormone receptor positive (HR+) HER2- breast cancer, the interest in studying immune aspects in this subtype has become less appealing. Nevertheless, some scattered evidence indicates that immunity and inflammation may be implicated in the biology of this subtype as well. In HR+ breast cancer, the interaction between tumor cells and the immune milieu might rely on different mechanisms than in other BC subtypes, involving the modulation of the tumor microenvironment by mutual interplays of endocrine factors, pro-inflammatory status and immune cells. These subtle mechanisms may require more refined methods of evaluation, such as the assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes subpopulations or gene signatures. In this paper we aim to perform a comprehensive review of pre-clinical and clinical data on the interplay between the immune system and breast cancer in the HR+ subtype, to guide further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Dept. of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Dept. of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Miglietta
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Dept. of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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45
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De Marchi T, Timmermans AM, Smid M, Look MP, Stingl C, Opdam M, Linn SC, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN, Kliffen M, van Deurzen CHM, Luider TM, Foekens JA, Martens JW, Umar A. Annexin-A1 and caldesmon are associated with resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive recurrent breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3098-110. [PMID: 26657294 PMCID: PMC4823093 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen therapy resistance constitutes a major cause of death in patients with recurrent estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Through high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), we previously generated a 4-protein predictive signature for tamoxifen therapy outcome in recurrent breast cancer. ANXA1 and CALD1, which were not included in the classifier, were however the most differentially expressed proteins. We first evaluated the clinical relevance of these markers in our MS cohort, followed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on an independent set of tumors incorporated in a tissue microarray (TMA) and regression analysis in relation to time to progression (TTP), clinical benefit and objective response. In order to assess which mechanisms ANXA1 and CALD1 might been involved in, we performed Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) on ANXA1 and CALD1 correlated proteins in our MS cohort. ANXA1 (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.75; P = 0.003) and CALD1 (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.04-2.36; P = 0.039) based patient stratification showed significant association to TTP, while IHC staining on TMA showed that both ANXA1 (HR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.12-3.00; P = 0.016) and CALD1 (HR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.40-3.75; P = 0.001) expression was associated with shorter TTP independently of traditional predictive factors. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the majority of proteins correlated to ANXA1 also correlated with CALD1. IPA indicated that ANXA1 and CALD1 were associated with ER-downregulation and NFκB signaling. We hereby report that ANXA1 and CALD1 proteins are independent markers for tamoxifen therapy outcome and are associated to fast tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso De Marchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime P. Look
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Stingl
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred C. G. J. Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N. Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Kliffen
- Department of Pathology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo M. Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arzu Umar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Liu R, Guo CX, Zhou HH. Network-based approach to identify prognostic biomarkers for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treatment with tamoxifen. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:317-24. [PMID: 25756514 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify effective gene networks and prognostic biomarkers associated with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer using human mRNA studies. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was performed with a complex ER+ breast cancer transcriptome to investigate the function of networks and key genes in the prognosis of breast cancer. We found a significant correlation of an expression module with distant metastasis-free survival (HR = 2.25; 95% CI .21.03-4.88 in discovery set; HR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.07-2.93 in validation set). This module contained genes enriched in the biological process of the M phase. From this module, we further identified and validated 5 hub genes (CDK1, DLGAP5, MELK, NUSAP1, and RRM2), the expression levels of which were strongly associated with poor survival. Highly expressed MELK indicated poor survival in luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes. This gene was also found to be associated with tamoxifen resistance. Results indicated that a network-based approach may facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for the prognosis of ER+ breast cancer and may also be used as a basis for establishing personalized therapies. Nevertheless, before the application of this approach in clinical settings, in vivo and in vitro experiments and multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed.
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- ER+, estrogen receptor positive
- GS, gene significance
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor 2
- ME, module eigengene
- MS, module significance
- PCC, Pearson's correlation coefficient
- PR, progesterone receptor
- TOM, topologic overlap measure
- WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis
- biomarker
- breast cancer
- gene expression profiling
- k.in, intramodular connectivity
- k.total, Network connectivity
- systems biology
- tamoxifen resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University ; Changsha , China
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47
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The extracellular matrix in breast cancer predicts prognosis through composition, splicing, and crosslinking. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:73-81. [PMID: 26597760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in the healthy breast has an important tumor suppressive role, whereas the abnormal ECM in tumors can promote aggressiveness, and has been linked to breast cancer relapse, survival and resistance to chemotherapy. This review article gives an overview of the elements of the ECM which have been linked to prognosis of breast cancers, including changes in ECM protein composition, splicing, and microstructure.
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48
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Uhr K, Prager-van der Smissen WJC, Heine AAJ, Ozturk B, Smid M, Göhlmann HWH, Jager A, Foekens JA, Martens JWM. Understanding drugs in breast cancer through drug sensitivity screening. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:611. [PMID: 26543746 PMCID: PMC4628005 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With substantial numbers of breast tumors showing or acquiring treatment resistance, it is of utmost importance to develop new agents for the treatment of the disease, to know their effectiveness against breast cancer and to understand their relationships with other drugs to best assign the right drug to the right patient. To achieve this goal drug screenings on breast cancer cell lines are a promising approach. In this study a large-scale drug screening of 37 compounds was performed on a panel of 42 breast cancer cell lines representing the main breast cancer subtypes. Clustering, correlation and pathway analyses were used for data analysis. We found that compounds with a related mechanism of action had correlated IC50 values and thus grouped together when the cell lines were hierarchically clustered based on IC50 values. In total we found six clusters of drugs of which five consisted of drugs with related mode of action and one cluster with two drugs not previously connected. In total, 25 correlated and four anti-correlated drug sensitivities were revealed of which only one drug, Sirolimus, showed significantly lower IC50 values in the luminal/ERBB2 breast cancer subtype. We found expected interactions but also discovered new relationships between drugs which might have implications for cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Uhr
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J. C. Prager-van der Smissen
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. J. Heine
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bahar Ozturk
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hinrich W. H. Göhlmann
- />Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Agnes Jager
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Foekens
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- />Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Giussani M, Merlino G, Cappelletti V, Tagliabue E, Daidone MG. Tumor-extracellular matrix interactions: Identification of tools associated with breast cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:3-10. [PMID: 26416466 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several evidences support the concept that cancer development and progression are not entirely cancer cell-autonomous processes, but may be influenced, and possibly driven, by cross-talk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment in which, besides immune cells, stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) play a major role in regulating distinct biologic processes. Stroma and ECM-related signatures proved to influence breast cancer progression, and to contribute to the identification of tumor phenotypes resistant to cytotoxic and hormonal treatments. The possible clinical implications of the interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment, with special reference to ECM remodelling, will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giussani
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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50
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Bentin Toaldo C, Alexi X, Beelen K, Kok M, Hauptmann M, Jansen M, Berns E, Neefjes J, Linn S, Michalides R, Zwart W. Protein Kinase A-induced tamoxifen resistance is mediated by anchoring protein AKAP13. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:588. [PMID: 26272591 PMCID: PMC4536754 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer patients receive endocrine therapy, often in the form of tamoxifen. However, resistance to tamoxifen is frequently observed. A signalling cascade that leads to tamoxifen resistance is dictated by activation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway, which leads to phosphorylation of ERα on Serine 305 and receptor activation, following tamoxifen binding. Thus far, it remains elusive what protein complexes enable the PKA-ERα interaction resulting in ERα Serine 305 phosphorylation. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry to detect ERαSerine 305 phosphorylation in a cohort of breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen treatment in the metastatic setting. From the same tumor specimens, Agilent 44 K gene expression analyses were performed and integrated with clinicopathological data and survival information. In vitro analyses were performed using MCF7 breast cancer cells, which included immunoprecipitations and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analyses to illustrate ERα complex formation. siRNA mediated knockdown experiments were performed to assess effects on ERαSerine 305 phosphorylation status, ERα/PKA interactions and downstream responsive gene activity. Results Stratifying breast tumors on ERα Serine 305 phosphorylation status resulted in the identification of a gene network centered upon AKAP13. AKAP13 mRNA expression levels correlate with poor outcome in patients who received tamoxifen treatment in the metastatic setting. In addition, AKAP13 mRNA levels correlate with ERαSerine 305 phosphorylation in breast tumor samples, suggesting a functional connection between these two events. In a luminal breast cancer cell line, AKAP13 was found to interact with ERα as well as with a regulatory subunit of PKA. Knocking down of AKAP13 prevented PKA-mediated Serine 305 phosphorylation of ERα and abrogated PKA-driven tamoxifen resistance, illustrating that AKAP13 is an essential protein in this process. Conclusions We show that the PKA-anchoring protein AKAP13 is essential for the phosphorylation of ERαS305, which leads to tamoxifen resistance both in cell lines and tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1591-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Bentin Toaldo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Beelen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Els Berns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division of Cell Biology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Michalides
- Division of Cell Biology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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