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de Jong TV, Pan Y, Rastas P, Munro D, Tutaj M, Akil H, Benner C, Chen D, Chitre AS, Chow W, Colonna V, Dalgard CL, Demos WM, Doris PA, Garrison E, Geurts AM, Gunturkun HM, Guryev V, Hourlier T, Howe K, Huang J, Kalbfleisch T, Kim P, Li L, Mahaffey S, Martin FJ, Mohammadi P, Ozel AB, Polesskaya O, Pravenec M, Prins P, Sebat J, Smith JR, Solberg Woods LC, Tabakoff B, Tracey A, Uliano-Silva M, Villani F, Wang H, Sharp BM, Telese F, Jiang Z, Saba L, Wang X, Murphy TD, Palmer AA, Kwitek AE, Dwinell MR, Williams RW, Li JZ, Chen H. A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100527. [PMID: 38537634 PMCID: PMC11019364 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for Rattus norvegicus-mRatBN7.2-corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared with its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics datasets. We jointly analyzed 163 short-read whole-genome sequencing datasets representing 120 laboratory rat strains and substrains using mRatBN7.2. We defined ∼20.0 million sequence variations, of which 18,700 are predicted to potentially impact the function of 6,677 genes. We also generated a new rat genetic map from 1,893 heterogeneous stock rats and annotated transcription start sites and alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRatBN7.2 assembly, along with the extensive analysis of genomic variations among rat strains, enhances our understanding of the rat genome, providing researchers with an expanded resource for studies involving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V de Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Denghui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Apurva S Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Chow
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy M Demos
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hakan M Gunturkun
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Guryev
- Genome Structure and Ageing, University of Groningen, UMC, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Panjun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Spencer Mahaffey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pejman Mohammadi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Smith
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan Tracey
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Burt M Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Lin HL, Mohamed Shukri FN, Yih ES, Sha GH, Jing GS, Jin GW, Hoong CW, Ying CQ, Panda BP, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK. Newer therapeutic approaches towards the management of diabetes mellitus: an update. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:362-375. [PMID: 31663302 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by an elevation of blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of the disease has been rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Despite advances in the management of diabetes mellitus, it remains a growing epidemic that has become a significant public health burden due to its high healthcare costs and its complications. There is no cure has yet been found for the disease, however, treatment modalities include insulin and antidiabetic agents along with lifestyle modifications are still the mainstay of therapy for diabetes mellitus. The treatment spectrum for the management of diabetes mellitus has rapidly developed in recent years, with new class of therapeutics and expanded indications. This article focused on the emerging therapeutic approaches other than the conventional pharmacological therapies, which include stem cell therapy, gene therapy, siRNA, nanotechnology and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L Lin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Eric S Yih
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace H Sha
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace S Jing
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gan W Jin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow W Hoong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choong Q Ying
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bibhu P Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia -
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Ran X, Wang DW, Yu Z, Wu R, Zhang Q. Decreased Tissue Kallikrein Levels and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:117-126. [PMID: 35023947 PMCID: PMC8747795 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Tissue kallikrein (TK) exerts protective effects on cardiac cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). Changes in TK level in plasma are associated with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD); however, a causal correlation could not be established. Therefore, we investigated the association between TK levels and CCVDs in a community-based cross-sectional study in China. Methods A total of 6043 subjects (4242 men and 1801 women) were enrolled in this community-based cross-sectional study. Then, TK levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Multivariate linear regression model and logistic regression were used to assess the correlations between TK levels and CCVDs. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the value of TK level in evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke. Finally, the influence of various medications was evaluated on TK levels. Results The TK level was significantly lower in subjects with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) but not associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes compared to the traditional risk factors. The diagnostic accuracy for ischemic stroke, as quantified by the area under the curve, was 0.892 (95% CI, 0.884–0.900) for TK level, deeming it as a promising assessment tool. Moreover, no appreciable influence of various drugs therapy was found in TK levels (P = 0.222) except for those taking antilipemic agents. Conclusion TK is a strong and independent endogenous protective factor against ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and could be a promising biomarker for the risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ran
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences Division/ Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Barrientos C, Pérez A, Vázquez J. Ameliorative Effects of Oral Glucosamine on Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Tissue Damage in Experimental Wistar rats on a High-fat Diet. Comp Med 2021; 71:215-221. [PMID: 34082859 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia due to a high-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for inducing insulin resistance (IR) and adverse effects on pancreatic β-cells in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This relationship may be due to activation of the hexosaminebiosynthesis pathway. Administration of exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) can increase the end product of this pathway (uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-glucosamine), which can mediate IR and protein glycosylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral GlcN and HFD on IR and pancreatic histologic damage in a 22 wk study of 4 groups of male Wistar rats: control group with normal chow diet, HFD group (24%. g/g lard), GlcN group (500 mg/kg-1 per day of glucosamine hydrochloride in drinking water) and HFD plus oral GlcN. Metabolic variables related to IR that were measured included triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFAs) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathologic evaluation of the pancreas was also performed. The results showed IR in the HFD group, which had increased pancreatic nuclear pyknosis and vacuolization, with fatty infiltration and structural alteration of the islets of Langerhans. TG, FFAs and MDA were higher in serum and pancreatic tissue as compared with the control group. The GlcN group did not develop IR and had only mild nuclear pyknosis with no significant change in the pancreatic content of TG, FFAs and MDA. However, the combined administration of GlcN and HFD attenuated IR and improved TG, FFAs and MDA levels in serum and pancreatic tissue and the pancreatic histopathologic changes, with no significant differences as compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the oral GlcN at a dose of 500 mg/kg-1 is protective against IR and the pancreatic histologic damage caused by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelio Barrientos
- Department of Physiology, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico;,
| | - Angélica Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vázquez
- Graduate Department. Higher School of Nursing and Obstetrics, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Good or bad: Application of RAAS inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107628. [PMID: 32653530 PMCID: PMC7346797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (CoV) called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities have significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs) improve CVD outcomes; however, there is concern that they may worsen the prognosis of CVD patients that become infected with SARS-CoV-2 because the virus uses the ACE2 receptor to bind to and subsequently infect host cells. Thus, some health care providers and media sources have questioned the continued use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs. In this brief review, we discuss the effect of ACE inhibitor-induced bradykinin on the cardiovascular system, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulation in COVID-19 patients, and analyze recent clinical studies regarding patients treated with RAAS inhibitors. We propose that the application of RAAS inhibitors for COVID-19 patients with CVDs may be beneficial rather than harmful.
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Sabir N, Hussain T, Liao Y, Wang J, Song Y, Shahid M, Cheng G, Mangi MH, Yao J, Yang L, Zhao D, Zhou X. Kallikrein 12 Regulates Innate Resistance of Murine Macrophages against Mycobacterium bovis Infection by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050415. [PMID: 31060300 PMCID: PMC6562459 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex causing bovine tuberculosis (TB) and imposing a high zoonotic threat to human health. Kallikreins (KLKs) belong to a subgroup of secreted serine proteases. As their role is established in various physiological and pathological processes, it is likely that KLKs expression may mediate a host immune response against the M. bovis infection. In the current study, we report in vivo and in vitro upregulation of KLK12 in the M. bovis infection. To define the role of KLK12 in immune response regulation of murine macrophages, we produced KLK12 knockdown bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) by using siRNA transfection. Interestingly, the knockdown of KLK12 resulted in a significant downregulation of autophagy and apoptosis in M. bovis infected BMDMs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this KLK12 mediated regulation of autophagy and apoptosis involves mTOR/AMPK/TSC2 and BAX/Bcl-2/Cytochrome c/Caspase 3 pathways, respectively. Similarly, inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α were significantly downregulated in KLK12 knockdown macrophages but the difference in IL-10 and IFN-β expression was non-significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that upregulation of KLK12 in M. bovis infected murine macrophages plays a substantial role in the protective immune response regulation by modulating autophagy, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first report on expression and the role of KLK12 in the M. bovis infection and the data may contribute to a new paradigm for diagnosis and treatment of bovine TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yinjuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guangyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Deming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dupas J, Feray A, Guernec A, Pengam M, Inizan M, Guerrero F, Mansourati J, Goanvec C. Effect of personalized moderate exercise training on Wistar rats fed with a fructose enriched water. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:69. [PMID: 30305835 PMCID: PMC6171221 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic Syndrom has become a public health problem. It mainly results from the increased consumption of fat and sugar. In this context, the benefits of personalized moderate exercise training were investigated on a metabolic syndrome male wistar rat model food with fructose drinking water (20–25% w/v). Different markers including body weight, metabolic measurements, blood biochemistry related to metabolic syndrome complications have been evaluated. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control (sedentary (C, n = 8) and exercise trained (Ex, n = 8)), fructose fed (sedentary (FF, n = 8) and exercise trained fructose fed rats (ExFF, n = 10)). ExFF and Ex rats were trained at moderate intensity during the last 6 weeks of the 12 weeks-long protocol of fructose enriched water. Metabolic control was determined by measuring body weight, fasting blood glucose, HOMA 2-IR, HIRI, MISI, leptin, adiponectin, triglyceridemia and hepatic dysfunction. Results After 12 weeks of fructose enriched diet, rats displayed on elevated fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance. A reduced food intake, as well as increased body weight, total calorie intake and heart weight were also observed in FF group. Concerning biochemical markers, theoretical creatinine clearance, TG levels and ASAT/ALAT ratio were also affected, without hepatic steatosis. Six weeks of 300 min/week of moderate exercise training have significantly improved overweight, fasting glycaemia, HOMA 2-IR, MISI without modify HIRI. Exercise also decreased the plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin and the ratio leptin/adiponectin. Regarding liver function and dyslipidemia, the results were less clear as the effects of exercise and fructose-enriched water interact together, and, sometimes counteract each other. Conclusion Our results indicated that positive health effects were achieved through a personalized moderate training of 300 min per week (1 h/day and 5 days/week) for 6 weeks. Therefore, regular practice of aerobic physical exercise is an essential triggering factor to attenuate MetS disorders induced by excessive fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dupas
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Annie Feray
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Morgane Pengam
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Manon Inizan
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,2UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29237 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - François Guerrero
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Jacques Mansourati
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,4Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29200 Brest, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Christelle Goanvec
- 1EA 4324: Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.,2UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29237 Brest Cedex 3, France.,IBSAM: Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, UFR Médecine, avenue Camille Desmoulin, 29200 Brest, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and accounts for a large proportion of clinical nephrology practice. Studies have shown that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may be involved in several pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to DKD, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic autacoids. This review focuses on recent research advance on the potential role of the KKS in the development of DKD and its clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent studies support the idea that there is a protective role of the KKS in diabetes. For example, agents that activate the KKS have shown strong renal protective effects that might highlight its potential to change the clinical practice. In addition, diabetic mice lacking both bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors have worse kidney lesions as compared with wild-type diabetic mice. SUMMARY Current basic research has demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the KKS improves renal outcomes in diabetes. These findings suggest that this system may be a therapeutic target in preventing and treating DKD.
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Dupas J, Feray A, Goanvec C, Guernec A, Samson N, Bougaran P, Guerrero F, Mansourati J. Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension Resulting from Fructose Enriched Diet in Wistar Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2494067. [PMID: 28497040 PMCID: PMC5405603 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2494067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased sugar consumption, especially fructose, is strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term effects of fructose supplementation on Wistar rats. Three-week-old male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 14) and fructose fed (FF; n = 18), with a fructose enriched drink (20-25% w/v fructose in water) for 21 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, fasting glycemia, and bodyweight were regularly measured. Glucose tolerance was evaluated three times using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin levels were measured concomitantly and insulin resistance markers were evaluated (HOMA 2-IR, Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia (ISI-gly)). Lipids profile was evaluated on plasma. This fructose supplementation resulted in the early induction of hypertension without renal failure (stable theoretical creatinine clearance) and in the progressive development of fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (higher HOMA 2-IR, lower ISI-gly) without modification of glucose tolerance. FF rats presented dyslipidemia (higher plasma triglycerides) and early sign of liver malfunction (higher liver weight). Although abdominal fat weight was increased in FF rats, no significant overweight was found. In Wistar rats, 21 weeks of fructose supplementation induced a metabolic syndrome (hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia) but not T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dupas
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Annie Feray
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Christelle Goanvec
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 3UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- *Christelle Goanvec:
| | - Anthony Guernec
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- 4Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université de Laval, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - François Guerrero
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Jacques Mansourati
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 5Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Brest, boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29200 Brest, France
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Acupuncture Alters Expression of Insulin Signaling Related Molecules and Improves Insulin Resistance in OLETF Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9651592. [PMID: 27738449 PMCID: PMC5055976 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9651592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine effect of acupuncture on insulin resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and to evaluate expression of insulin signaling components. Rats were divided into three groups: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, OLETF rats, and acupuncture+OLETF rats. Acupuncture was subcutaneously applied to Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Sanyinjiao (SP6); in contrast, acupuncture to Shenshu (BL23) was administered perpendicularly. For Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36), needles were connected to an electroacupuncture (EA) apparatus. Fasting blood glucose (FPG) was measured by glucose oxidase method. Plasma fasting insulin (FINS) and serum C peptide (C-P) were determined by ELISA. Protein and mRNA expressions of insulin signaling molecules were determined by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. OLETF rats exhibit increased levels of FPG, FINS, C-P, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which were effectively decreased by acupuncture treatment. mRNA expressions of several insulin signaling related molecules IRS1, IRS2, Akt2, aPKCζ, and GLUT4 were decreased in OLETF rats compared to SD controls. Expression of these molecules was restored back to normal levels upon acupuncture administration. PI3K-p85α was increased in OLETF rats; this increase was also reversed by acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats, possibly via regulating expression of key insulin signaling related molecules.
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Liu Y, Lu Z, Cui M, Yang Q, Tang Y, Dong Q. Tissue kallikrein protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced injury through bradykinin B2 receptor-dependent regulation of autophagy induction. J Neurochem 2016; 139:208-220. [PMID: 27248356 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Neurology; Huashan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology; Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology; Huashan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurology; Huashan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology; Huashan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology; Huashan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Liu W, Yang Y, Liu Y, Lu X, Guo S, Wu M, Wang M, Yan L, Wang Q, Zhao X, Tong X, Hu J, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. Exogenous kallikrein protects against diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1023-1036. [PMID: 27546607 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system has been shown to be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the renal-protective role of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein in diabetic mice and studied potential mechanisms in db/db type 2 diabetic and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. After the onset of diabetes, mice were treated with either pancreatic kallikrein (db/db+kallikrein, streptozotocin+kallikrein) or saline (db/db+saline, streptozotocin+saline) for 16 weeks, while another group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice received the same treatment after onset of albuminuria (streptozotocin'+kallikrein, streptozotocin'+saline). Db/m littermates or wild type mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Pancreatic kallikrein had no effects on body weight, blood glucose and blood pressure, but significantly reduced albuminuria among all three groups. Pathological analysis showed that exogenous kallikrein decreased the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane, protected against the effacement of foot process, the loss of endothelial fenestrae, and prevented the loss of podocytes in diabetic mice. Renal fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were reduced in kallikrein-treated mice compared to diabetic controls. The expression of kininogen1, tissue kallikrein, kinin B1 and B2 receptors were all increased in the kallikrein-treated compared to saline-treated mice. Thus, exogenous pancreatic kallikrein both prevented and ameliorated diabetic nephropathy, which may be mediated by activating the kallikrein-kinin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, High-tech District People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taichang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Tong
- Jiangsu (Qianhong) Engineering Research Center for Innovative Biological Drugs, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Renal Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Tissue Kallikrein Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating the B2R-ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1843201. [PMID: 27446506 PMCID: PMC4944080 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1843201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) substantially increases the risk of ischemic stroke and reduces the tolerance to ischemic insults. Tissue kallikrein (TK) has been demonstrated to protect neurons from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in orthoglycemic model by activating the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). Considering the differential effects of B2R or bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) on cardioprotection and neuroprotection in I/R with or without diabetes, this study was designed to investigate the role of TK during cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intravenous injection of TK inhibited apoptosis in neurons, alleviated edema and inflammatory reactions after focal cerebral I/R, significantly reduced the infarct volume, and improved functional recovery. These beneficial effects were accompanied by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and Bcl-2 signal proteins. Inhibition of the B2R or ERK1/2 pathway abated the effects of TK, whereas an antagonist of B1R enhanced the effects. These findings reveal that the neuroprotective effect of TK against cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats mainly involves the enhancement of B2R and ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 signaling pathway activity.
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14
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Dupas J, Goanvec C, Feray A, Guernec A, Alain C, Guerrero F, Mansourati J. Progressive Induction of Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of a Reality-Like Fructose Enriched Diet in Young Wistar Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146821. [PMID: 26799836 PMCID: PMC4723014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to characterize short and medium-lasting effects of fructose supplementation on young Wistar rats. The diet was similar to actual human consumption. Methods Three week old male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 16), fructose fed (FF; n = 16) with a fructose enriched drink for 6 or 12 weeks. Bodyweight, fasting glycemia and systolic blood pressure were monitored. Glucose tolerance was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulinemia was measured concomitantly and enable us to calculate insulin resistance markers (HOMA-IR, Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia: ISI-gly). Blood chemistry analyses were performed. Results After six weeks of fructose supplementation, rats were not overweight but presented increased fasting glycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, and lower insulin sensitivity compared to control group. Systolic blood pressure and heart weight were also increased without any change in renal function (theoretical creatinine clearance). After twelve weeks of fructose supplementation, FF rats had increased bodyweight and presented insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR, lower ISI-gly). Rats also presented higher heart volume and lower ASAT/ALAT ratio (presumed liver lesion). Surprisingly, the Total Cholesterol/Triglycerides ratio was increased only after six weeks of fructose supplementation, predicting a higher LDL presence and thus a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This risk was no longer present after twelve weeks of a fructose enriched diet. Conclusion On young Wistar rats, six weeks of fructose supplementation is sufficient to induce signs of metabolic syndrome. After twelve weeks of fructose enriched diet, rats are insulin resistant. This model enabled us to study longitudinally the early development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dupas
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christelle Goanvec
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Annie Feray
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- UFR Sport et Education Physique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- UFR Sport et Education Physique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Charlène Alain
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - François Guerrero
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- UFR Sport et Education Physique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Mansourati
- Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
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15
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Microbubbles and Ultrasound: Therapeutic Applications in Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:309-30. [PMID: 26486345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. Current therapeutic strategies aiming at optimization of serum glucose and blood pressure are beneficial in early stage DN, but are unable to fully prevent disease progression. With the limitations of current medical therapies and the shortage of available donor organs for kidney transplantation, the need for novel therapies to address DN complications and prevent progression towards end-stage renal failure is crucial. The development of ultrasound technology for non-invasive and targeted in-vivo gene delivery using high power ultrasound and carrier microbubbles offers great therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of DN. The promising results from preclinical studies of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (UMGD) in several DN animal models suggest that UMGD offers a unique, non-invasive platform for gene- and cell-based therapies targeted against DN with strong clinical translation potential.
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16
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Liu Y, Cui M, Lu Z, Yang Q, Dong Q. Tissue kallikrein promotes survival and β-catenin degradation in SH-SY5Y cells under nutrient stress conditions via autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1389-94. [PMID: 26677174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group showed that tissue kallikrein (TK) exerts neuroprotective effects during cerebral ischemia. Autophagy is an important adaptive response to cellular stress during nutrient deprivation, and β-catenin in known to repress autophagy. The present study investigated the possible involvement of autophagy and β-catenin signaling in the protective effects of TK under nutrient deprivation-induced stress conditions. TK was shown to promote the survival and inhibit the death of SH-SY5Y cells under serum starvation and enhanced autophagic activity in a concentration-dependent manner, as indicated by augmented light chain (LC)3-II levels and Beclin-1 expression. The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and NH4Cl abolished the protective effects of TK. Of note, although serum starvation alone and TK treatment increased p62 protein levels and mRNA expression, incubation with the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl increased the accumulation of LC3-II and p62 protein, indicating normal autophagic flux. It was also observed that β-catenin expression was significantly downregulated by TK treatment. TK stimulated the interaction between LC3 and β-catenin, and NH4Cl abolished the effects of TK on β-catenin levels in serum-starved cells, suggesting the autophagic degradation of β-catenin, which may have led to the enhancement of autophagy. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated that TK promoted cell survival and β-catenin degradation in serum-starved SH-SY5Y cells via increasing autophagy, which indicated the therapeutic potential of TK under nutrient deprivation-associated stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Tissue Kallikrein Activity, Detected by a Novel Method, May Be a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke: A Case-Control Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:159750. [PMID: 26451066 PMCID: PMC4584216 DOI: 10.1155/2015/159750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Tissue kallikrein (TK) protein content in plasma has been shown to be negatively associated with both incident and recurrent strokes. The aims of this study were to develop a novel method for detecting TK activity and to investigate its association with event-free survival over 5 years in Chinese first-ever stroke patients. Methods. We designed a case-control study with 321 stroke patients (174: ischemic stroke, 147: hemorrhagic stroke) and 323 healthy local controls. TK activity was measured by a novel assay utilizing the immunological characteristics of TK and the catalysis of benzoyl arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride (BAEE). Results. TK protein levels above 0.200 mg/L in plasma were not associated with urinary TK activity or the risk of stroke recurrence. TK activity was significantly lower in stroke patients compared with controls (1.583 ± 0.673 Eu/mL versus 1.934 ± 0.284 Eu/mL, P < 0.001). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, TK activity was negatively associated, in a dose-response manner, with the risk of overall stroke recurrence and positively associated with event-free survival during a 5-year follow-up (relative risk (RR), 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.84; P < 0.001). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that urinary TK activity may be a stronger predictor of stroke recurrence than plasma TK levels.
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18
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Charest-Morin X, Raghavan A, Charles ML, Kolodka T, Bouthillier J, Jean M, Robbins MS, Marceau F. Pharmacological effects of recombinant human tissue kallikrein on bradykinin B2 receptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00119. [PMID: 26038695 PMCID: PMC4448978 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein (KLK-1), a serine protease, initiates the release of bradykinin (BK)-related peptides from low-molecular weight kininogen. KLK-1 and the BK B2 receptor (B2R) mediate beneficial effects on the progression of type 2 diabetes and renal disease, but the precise role of KLK-1 independent of its kinin-forming activity remains unclear. We used DM199, a recombinant form of human KLK-1, along with the isolated human umbilical vein, a robust bioassay of the B2R, to address the previous claims that KLK-1 directly binds to and activates the human B2R, with possible receptor cleavage. DM199 (1–10 nmol/L) contracted the isolated vein via the B2R, but in a tachyphylactic, kinin-dependent manner, without desensitization of the tissue to exogenously added BK. In binding experiments with recombinant N-terminally tagged myc-B2Rs expressed in HEK 293a cells, DM199 displaced [3H]BK binding from the rabbit myc-B2R, but not from the human or rat myc-B2Rs. No evidence of myc-B2R degradation by immunoblot analysis was apparent following treatment of these 3 myc-B2R constructs with DM199 (30 min, ≤10 nmol/L). In HEK 293 cells stably expressing rabbit B2R-GFP, DM199 (11–108 pmol/L) elicited signaling-dependent endocytosis and reexpression, while a higher concentration (1.1 nmol/L) induced a partially irreversible endocytosis of the construct (microscopy), paralleled by the appearance of free GFP in cells (immunoblotting, indicative of incomplete receptor down-regulation). The pharmacology of DM199 at relevant concentrations (<10 nmol/L) is essentially based on the activity of locally generated kinins. Binding to and mild down-regulation of the B2R is possibly a species-dependent idiosyncratic response to DM199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charest-Morin
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Arvind Raghavan
- DiaMedica Inc. One Carlson Parkway, Suite 124, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55447
| | - Matthew L Charles
- DiaMedica Inc. One Carlson Parkway, Suite 124, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55447
| | - Tadeusz Kolodka
- DiaMedica Inc. One Carlson Parkway, Suite 124, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55447
| | - Johanne Bouthillier
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Mélissa Jean
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Mark S Robbins
- DiaMedica Inc. One Carlson Parkway, Suite 124, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55447
| | - François Marceau
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G2
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Zou X, Zhang XX, Liu XY, Li R, Wang M, Wu WJ, Sui Y, Zhao HL. Renal kallikrein activation and renoprotection after dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in diet-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:310645. [PMID: 25918729 PMCID: PMC4397032 DOI: 10.1155/2015/310645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dual blockage of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on renal kallikrein expression and inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group: normal control; DN model induced by high fat and high sucrose diets; and DN treated with either benazepril 10 mg/kg/d, irbesartan 30 mg/kg/d, or both. After 8-week treatment, we examined changes in the kidney histopathology, function and immunohistochemical stain of kallikrein, macrophage marker CD68, and profibrotic markers transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β and α-smooth muscle action (SMA). RESULTS DN rats showed enlarged kidneys with glomerulosclerosis, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and proteinuria. All the pathological damage and functional impairments were improved after the RAS blockades (all P < 0.05). Compared with monotherapy, combined treatment further alleviated the kidney impairments in parallel to increased tubular immunoreactivity for kallikrein and decreased immunopositive cells for CD68, TGF-β, and α-SMA. CONCLUSION The renoprotective effects of the dual RAS blockade in diabetic nephropathy may be attributed to improved tubular kallikrein expression and interstitial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zou
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-xi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-yu Liu
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wei-jie Wu
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hai-lu Zhao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- *Hai-lu Zhao:
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Maneva-Radicheva L, Amatya C, Parker C, Ellefson J, Radichev I, Raghavan A, Charles ML, Williams MS, Robbins MS, Savinov AY. Autoimmune diabetes is suppressed by treatment with recombinant human tissue Kallikrein-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107213. [PMID: 25259810 PMCID: PMC4178025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) comprises a cascade of proteolytic enzymes and biogenic peptides that regulate several physiological processes. Over-expression of tissue kallikrein-1 and modulation of the KKS shows beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and other parameters relevant to type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, much less is known about the role of kallikreins, in particular tissue kallikrein-1, in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We report that chronic administration of recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1 protein (DM199) to non-obese diabetic mice delayed the onset of T1D, attenuated the degree of insulitis, and improved pancreatic beta cell mass in a dose- and treatment frequency-dependent manner. Suppression of the autoimmune reaction against pancreatic beta cells was evidenced by a reduction in the relative numbers of infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes and an increase in the relative numbers of regulatory T cells in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes. These effects may be due in part to a DM199 treatment-dependent increase in active TGF-beta1. Treatment with DM199 also resulted in elevated C-peptide levels, elevated glucagon like peptide-1 levels and a reduction in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity. Overall, the data suggest that DM199 may have a beneficial effect on T1D by attenuating the autoimmune reaction and improving beta cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Maneva-Radicheva
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Christina Amatya
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Camille Parker
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jacob Ellefson
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ilian Radichev
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Arvind Raghavan
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (AYS)
| | | | - Mark S. Williams
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Robbins
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alexei Y. Savinov
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (AYS)
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Kolodka T, Charles ML, Raghavan A, Radichev IA, Amatya C, Ellefson J, Savinov AY, Nag A, Williams MS, Robbins MS. Preclinical characterization of recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1 as a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103981. [PMID: 25100328 PMCID: PMC4123992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) has been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and several other physiological responses relevant to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The importance of bradykinin and its receptors in mediating these responses is well documented, but the role of tissue kallikrein-1, the protease that generates bradykinin insitu, is much less understood. We developed and tested DM199, recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1 protein (rhKLK-1), as a potential novel therapeutic for T2D. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies suggest that DM199 increases whole body glucose disposal in non-diabetic rats. Single-dose administration of DM199 in obese db/db mice and ZDF rats, showed an acute, dose-dependent improvement in whole-body glucose utilization. Sub-acute dosing for a week in ZDF rats improved glucose utilization, with a concomitant rise in fasting insulin levels and HOMA1-%B scores. After cessation of sub-acute dosing, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in ZDF rats during a drug wash-out period. Our studies show for the first time that DM199 administration results in acute anti-hyperglycemic effects in several preclinical models, and demonstrate the potential for further development of DM199 as a novel therapeutic for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Kolodka
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Arvind Raghavan
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ilian A. Radichev
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Christina Amatya
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jacob Ellefson
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Alexei Y. Savinov
- Sanford Project/Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Abhijeet Nag
- Invitek, Inc., Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Williams
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Robbins
- DiaMedica USA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Differential proteomic analysis of the pancreas of diabetic db/db mice reveals the proteins involved in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9579-93. [PMID: 24886809 PMCID: PMC4100111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance. Diabetes results from pancreatic inability to secrete the insulin needed to overcome this resistance. We analyzed the protein profile from the pancreas of ten-week old diabetic db/db and wild type mice through proteomics. Pancreatic proteins were separated in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and significant changes in db/db mice respect to wild type mice were observed in 27 proteins. Twenty five proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and their interactions were analyzed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Some of these proteins were Pancreatic α-amylase, Cytochrome b5, Lithostathine-1, Lithostathine-2, Chymotrypsinogen B, Peroxiredoxin-4, Aspartyl aminopeptidase, Endoplasmin, and others, which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, as well as in oxidative stress, and inflammation. Remarkably, these are mostly endoplasmic reticulum proteins related to peptidase activity, i.e., they are involved in proteolysis, glucose catabolism and in the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. These results suggest mechanisms for insulin resistance, and the chronic inflammatory state observed in diabetes.
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Potier L, Waeckel L, Fumeron F, Bodin S, Fysekidis M, Chollet C, Bellili N, Bonnet F, Gusto G, Velho G, Marre M, Alhenc-Gelas F, Roussel R, Bouby N. Tissue kallikrein deficiency, insulin resistance, and diabetes in mouse and man. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:297-308. [PMID: 24599937 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system has been suggested to participate in the control of glucose metabolism. Its role and the role of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, a major kinin-inactivating enzyme, are however the subject of debate. We have evaluated the consequence of deficiency in tissue kallikrein (TK), the main kinin-forming enzyme, on the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in mice and man. Mice with inactivation of the TK gene were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, or crossed with obese, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice to generate double ob/ob-TK-deficient mutants. In man, a loss-of-function polymorphism of the TK gene (R53H) was studied in a large general population cohort tested for insulin resistance, the DESIR study (4843 participants, 9 year follow-up). Mice deficient in TK gained less weight on the HFD than their WT littermates. Fasting glucose level was increased and responses to glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were altered at 10 and 16 weeks on the HFD compared with standard on the diet, but TK deficiency had no influence on these parameters. Likewise, ob-TK⁻/⁻ mice had similar GTT and ITT responses to those of ob-TK⁺/⁺ mice. TK deficiency had no effect on blood pressure in either model. In humans, changes over time in BMI, fasting plasma glucose, insulinemia, and blood pressure were not influenced by the defective 53H-coding TK allele. The incidence of diabetes was not influenced by this allele. These data do not support a role for the TK-kinin system, protective or deleterious, in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Potier
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Paris, France University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France INSERM U695, Paris, France Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, Paris, France Department of Endocrinology, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes 1, Inserm UMR 991, Rennes, France Institut inter Régional Pour la Santé, Irsa, La Riche, France
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Zhang Q, Ran X, Wang DW. Relation of plasma tissue kallikrein levels to presence and severity of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91780. [PMID: 24626253 PMCID: PMC3953537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tissue kallikrein (TK) has been shown to provide cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of plasma TK levels with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese. Methods The study involved 898 consecutive CAD patients and 905 ethnically and geographically matched controls. CAD was angiographically confirmed in all the patients, and the severity of CAD was expressed by the number of affected vessel and coronary artery stenosis scores. Plasma TK levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Plasma TK levels were significantly higher in CAD patients than controls (0.347±.082 vs. 0.256±0.087 mg/L, P<0.001), and elevated plasma TK levels were directly associated with a higher risk of CAD (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 2.90–4.19). One-way ANOVA and multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that TK levels were negatively associated with the severity of CAD according to vessel scores (P<0.001) and stenosis scores (r = −0.211, p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher levels of TK in plasma are associated with the presence of CAD and are a predictor of mild coronary arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Ran
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao G, Tu L, Li X, Yang S, Chen C, Xu X, Wang P, Wang DW. Delivery of AAV2-CYP2J2 protects remnant kidney in the 5/6-nephrectomized rat via inhibition of apoptosis and fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:688-99. [PMID: 22260463 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, CYP2J2, converts arachidonic acid to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are highly abundant in the kidney and considered renoprotective. Accumulating evidence suggests that EETs are important in regulating renal and cardiovascular function. Further, EETs have been confirmed to exert diverse biological activities including potent vasodilation; fibrinolytic properties; and antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and mitogenic effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of overexpression of CYP2J2 via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) in protection against renal damage in a rat 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6-Nx) model of chronic renal failure. The rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery in vivo increased EET generation; attenuated the rise in blood pressure; and reduced the levels of proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Morphological analysis indicated that rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery reduced 5/6 nephrectomy-induced glomerular sclerosis, tubular dilatation, luminal protein cast formation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery also significantly lowered collagen I and IV deposition, as well as renal cell apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining, caspase-3 activity, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)). Furthermore, rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery regulated the level of protein expression including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1)/SMADs; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-x(L). Together, these findings demonstrated that rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery can protect remnant kidney against renal injury in 5/6-Nx rats by inhibiting apoptosis and fibrosis via regulation of protein expression including TGF-β(1)/SMADs, MMPs, MAPKs, and apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Although the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors have a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy independently of their effects on blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II levels. This suggests that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is also involved in the disease. To study the role of the KKS in diabetic nephropathy, mice lacking either the bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) or the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) have been commonly used. However, because absence of either receptor causes enhanced expression of the other, it is difficult to determine the precise functions of each receptor. This difficulty has recently been overcome by comparing mice lacking both receptors with mice lacking each receptor. Deletion of both B1R and B2R reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and aggravates renal diabetic phenotypes, relevant to either lack of B1R or B2R, demonstrating that both B1R and B2R exert protective effects on diabetic nephropathy presumably via NO. Here, we review previous epidemiological and experimental studies, and discuss novel insights regarding the therapeutic implications of the importance of the KKS in averting diabetic nephropathy.
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27
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Zhang Q, Ding H, Yan J, Wang W, Ma A, Zhu Z, Cianflone K, Hu FB, Hui R, Wang DW. Plasma tissue kallikrein level is negatively associated with incident and recurrent stroke: a multicenter case-control study in China. Ann Neurol 2011; 70:265-73. [PMID: 21823154 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue kallikrein (TK) cleaves kininogen to produce the potent bioactive compounds kinin and bradykinin, which lower blood pressure and protect the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels. Reduction in TK levels is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in animal models. In this study, we investigated the association of TK levels with event-free survival over 5 years in Chinese first-ever stroke patients. METHODS We conducted a case-control study with 1,268 stroke patients (941 cerebral infarction, 327 cerebral hemorrhage) and 1,210 controls. Plasma TK levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between TK levels and risk of first-time or recurrent stroke. RESULTS Plasma TK levels were significantly lower in stroke patients (0.163 ± 0.064mg/l vs 0.252 ± 0.093mg/l, p < 0.001), especially those with ischemic stroke. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, plasma TK levels were negatively associated with the risk of first-ever stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.344; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.389; p < 0.001) and stroke recurrence and positively associated with event-free survival during 5 years of follow-up (relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.90; p < 0.001). Compared with the first quartile of plasma TK levels, the ORs for first-ever stroke patients were as follows: second quartile, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.56-1.07); third quartile, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17-0.32); fourth quartile, 0.04 (95% CI, 0.03-0.06). INTERPRETATION Lower plasma TK levels are independently associated with first-ever stroke and are an independent predictor of recurrence after an initial stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tissue kallikrein protects cortical neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via the ERK1/2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yuan G, Liu Y, Sun T, Xu Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang M, Cianflone K, Wang DW. The Therapeutic Role of Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene in Hyperlipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:302-12. [PMID: 21087152 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muxun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Argetsinger LS, Stuckey JA, Robertson SA, Koleva RI, Cline JM, Marto JA, Myers MG, Carter-Su C. Tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 in the kinase domain of JAK2 are autophosphorylated and required for maximal JAK2 kinase activity. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1062-76. [PMID: 20304997 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is activated by a majority of cytokine family receptors including receptors for GH, leptin, and erythropoietin. To identify novel JAK2-regulatory and/or -binding sites, we set out to identify autophosphorylation sites in the kinase domain of JAK2. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of in vitro autophosphorylated JAK2 identified tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 as sites of autophosphorylation. Phosphorylated tyrosines 868 and 972 were also identified by mass spectrometry analysis of JAK2 activated by an erythropoietin-bound chimeric erythropoietin receptor/leptin receptor. Phosphospecific antibodies suggest that the phosphorylation of all three tyrosines increases in response to GH. Compared with wild-type JAK2, which is constitutively active when overexpressed, JAK2 lacking tyrosine 868, 966, or 972 has substantially reduced activity. Coexpression with GH receptor and protein tyrosine phosphatase1B allowed us to investigate GH-dependent activation of these mutated JAK2s in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. All three mutated JAK2s are activated by GH, although to a lesser extent than wild-type JAK2. The three mutated JAK2s also mediate GH activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (Stat5b) and ERK1, but at reduced levels. Coexpression with Src-homology 2B1beta (SH2B1beta), like coexpression with GH-bound GH receptor, partially restores the activity of all three JAK2 mutants. Based on these results and the crystal structure of the JAK2 kinase domain, we hypothesize that small changes in the conformation of the regions of JAK2 surrounding tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 due to e.g. phosphorylation, binding to a ligand-bound cytokine receptor, and/or binding to Src-homology 2B1, may be essential for JAK2 to assume a maximally active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622, USA
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Katori M, Majima M. A Novel Category of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs for Treating Salt-Sensitive Hypertension on the Basis of a New Development Concept. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:59-109. [PMID: 27713243 PMCID: PMC3991021 DOI: 10.3390/ph3010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial animals must conserve water and NaCl to survive dry environments. The kidney reabsorbs 95% of the sodium filtered from the glomeruli before sodium reaches the distal connecting tubules. Excess sodium intake requires the renal kallikrein-kinin system for additional excretion. Renal kallikrein is secreted from the distal connecting tubule cells of the kidney, and its substrates, low molecular kininogen, from the principal cells of the cortical collecting ducts (CD). Formed kinins inhibit reabsorption of NaCl through bradykinin (BK)-B₂ receptors, localized along the CD. Degradation pathway of BK by kinin-destroying enzymes in urine differs completely from that in plasma, so that ACE inhibitors are ineffective. Urinary BK is destroyed mainly by a carboxypeptidase-Y-like exopeptidase (CPY) and partly by a neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Inhibitors of CPY and NEP, ebelactone B and poststatin, respectively, were found. Renal kallikrein secretion is accelerated by potassium and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blockers, such as PNU-37883A. Ebelactone B prevents DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. Only high salt intake causes hypertension in animals deficient in BK-B2 receptors, tissue kallikrein, or kininogen. Hypertensive patients, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, excrete less kallikrein than normal subjects, irrespective of races, and become salt-sensitive. Ebelactone B, poststatin, and KATP channel blockers could become novel antihypertensive drugs by increase in urinary kinin levels. Roles of kinin in cardiovascular diseases were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Katori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
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Behmoaras J, Cook HT, Pusey CD. Kallikreins: unravelling the genetics of autoimmune glomerulonephritis*. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2987-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kakoki M, Smithies O. The kallikrein-kinin system in health and in diseases of the kidney. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1019-30. [PMID: 19190676 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since kallikrein was discovered as a vasodilatory substance in human urine, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) has been considered to play a physiological role in controlling blood pressure. Gene targeting experiments in mice in which the KKS has been inactivated to varying degrees have, however, questioned this role, because basal blood pressures are not altered. Rather, these experiments have shown that the KKS has a different and important role in preventing changes associated with normal senescence in mice, and in reducing the nephropathy and accelerated senescence-associated phenotypes induced in mice by diabetes. Other experiments have shown that the KKS suppresses mitochondrial respiration, partly by nitric oxide and prostaglandins, and that this suppression may be a key to understanding how the KKS influences senescence-related diseases. Here we review the logical progression and experimental data leading to these conclusions, and discuss their relevance to human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Becerril S, Gil MJ, Mugueta C, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Impaired adiponectin-AMPK signalling in insulin-sensitive tissues of hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2008; 83:540-9. [PMID: 18761357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity by decreasing lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these effects are altered in hypertension. MAIN METHODS Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) and adiponectin-related enzymes were measured by real-time PCR and Western-blot in insulin-sensitive tissues of 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Intrahepatic and intramyocellular triglycerides were determined by enzymatic methods. KEY FINDINGS SHR showed overweight, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Circulating concentrations of adiponectin as well as the mRNA and protein expression of adiponectin in epididymal and subcutaneous fat depots were significantly increased in hypertensive rats. Adiponectin mRNA levels were strongly associated with PPARgamma mRNA levels in both epididymal (r=0.54, P<0.05) and subcutaneous (r=0.93, P<0.0001) fat. The expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), as well as carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), were increased in skeletal muscle of SHR. These changes were not observed in the liver of SHR. In addition, in spite of the hyperadiponectinemia, SHR showed similar activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a lower phosphorylation degree of its downstream ACC in liver and skeletal muscle. Accordingly, SHR exhibited a significant increase in intrahepatic (approximately 40%) and intramyocellular (approximately 60%) lipid accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that dysregulation of the adiponectin downstream effectors contributes to increased intrahepatic and intramyocellular triglycerides in SHR. Hyperadiponectinemia together with overexpression of adiponectin receptors in skeletal muscle may reflect a defective compensatory mechanism to overcome adiponectin resistance in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Rodríguez
- Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Tu L, Xu X, Wan H, Zhou C, Deng J, Xu G, Xiao X, Chen Y, Edin ML, Voltz JW, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated human tissue kallikrein for therapy of chronic renal failure in rats. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:318-30. [PMID: 18402547 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue kallikrein-kinin system is important in regulating cardiovascular and renal function, and dysregulation of the system has been implicated in heart and kidney pathologies. These findings suggest that if balance can be restored to the kallikrein-kinin axis, then associated disease progression may be attenuated. To test this hypothesis, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated human tissue kallikrein (HK) expression was induced in a rodent model of chronic renal failure involving 5/6 nephrectomy (nephrectomy plus 70% reduction of remaining kidney). rAAV-HK treatment attenuated the rise in blood pressure, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial injury observed in this model. rAAV-HK treatment also attenuated renal function decline as measured by urinary microalbumin, osmolarity, and cGMP levels. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that rAAV-HK-treated rats had higher levels of bradykinin receptor-2 (B(2)R) and dopamine receptor-1 mRNAs. In contrast, angiotensin II receptor-1, endothelin receptor-A, and vasopressin receptor-2 mRNAs were markedly downregulated in kidneys from HK-treated rats. Bradykinin induced similar changes in receptor levels and prevented transforming growth factor-beta(1)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The effects of bradykinin could be reversed with the B(2)R antagonist HOE-140. Together, these findings suggest that restoration of the kallikrein-kinin system reduces kidney injury and protects renal function in 5/6-nephrectomized rats via changes in the expression and activation of G protein-coupled receptors including B(2)R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tu
- Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Yan JT, Wang T, Li J, Xiao X, Wang DW. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated human kallikrein gene therapy prevents high-salt diet-induced hypertension without effect on basal blood pressure. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:808-14. [PMID: 18565278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the expression of human kallikrein (HK) on basal level blood pressure and high-salt diet-induced hypertension. METHODS We delivered the recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-mediated HK (rAAV- HK) gene and rAAV-LacZ (as the control) to normal, adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were administered a normal diet in the first 4 weeks, followed by a high-salt diet. The expression of HK in the rats was assessed by ELISA and RT- PCR. Blood pressure and Na+ and K+ urinary excretion were monitored. RESULTS Under the normal diet, no obvious changes in blood pressure and Na+ and K+ urinary excretion were observed. When the high-salt diet was administered, systolic blood pressure in the control animals receiving rAAV-LacZ increased from 122.3+/-1.13 mmHg to a stable 142.4+/-1.77 mmHg 8 weeks after the high-salt diet. In contrast, there was no significant increase in the blood pressure in the rAAV-HKtreated group, in which the blood pressure remained at 121.9+/-1.73 mmHg. In the rAAV-HK-treated group, Na+ and K+ urinary excretion were higher compared to those of the control group. The morphological analysis showed that HK delivery remarkably protected against renal damage induced by a high-salt intake. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that rAAV-mediated human tissue kallikrein gene delivery is a potentially safe method for the long-term treatment of hypertension. More importantly, it could be applied in the salt-sensitive population to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-tao Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Renal and metabolic disorders depend on the renin-angiotensin system in Lyon hypertensive rats associated with diabetes. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21:657-62. [PMID: 18443571 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2008.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Lyon genetically hypertensive (LH) rats with diabetes, the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with perindopril on the prevention of dyslipidemia and proteinuria were evaluated by comparison with a nonspecific antihypertensive treatment. METHODS Diabetes was induced in 2-day-old male LH rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg). Glucose tolerance (glucose 2 g/kg by gavage), blood pressure (BP), plasma lipids, and urinary protein excretion were studied in: (i) untreated diabetic LH rats, (ii) diabetic LH rats treated from 8 to 16 weeks of age with oral perindopril at a low dose (0.01 mg/kg/day), (iii) similar rats treated with oral perindopril for the same duration at a high dose (1 mg/kg/day), and (iv) similar rats treated for the same duration with a triple therapy regimen consisting of hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, and reserpine (75, 15, and 0.75 mg/kg/day, respectively). RESULTS The neonatal administration of streptozotocin in LH rats increased nonfasting glycemia and induced a marked glucose intolerance which was accompanied by further increases in BP, plasma cholesterol, and urinary protein excretion. None of the treatments was able to modify glucose tolerance in diabetic LH rats. The low dose of perindopril was ineffective in the prevention of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in diabetic LH rats, while the high dose of perindopril normalized the BP, reduced the plasma lipids, and lowered the proteinuria. However, in spite of significant reduction in BP, the triple therapy failed to improve dyslipidemia and proteinuria; on the contrary, the therapy worsened these two conditions. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic LH rats, only ACE inhibition is of benefit to the kidney and lipidemia, thereby demonstrating that antihypertensive regimens may differ in their capacity to protect the target organs and lipid metabolism in a diabetic setting.
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Participation of kallikrein-kinin system in different pathologies. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:135-42. [PMID: 18182216 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general description of kinins refers to these peptides as molecules involved in vascular tone regulation and inflammation. Nevertheless, in the last years a series of evidences has shown that local hormonal systems, such as the kallikrein-kinin system, may be differently regulated and are of pivotal importance to pathophysiological control. The combined interpretations of many recent studies allow us to conclude that the kallikrein-kinin system plays broader and richer roles than those classically described until recently. In this review, we report findings concerning the participation of the kallikrein-kinin system in inflammation, cancer, and in pathologies related to cardiovascular, renal and central nervous systems.
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