1
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Kato R, Takenaka Y, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Catalytic mechanism of trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductases in the fatty acid elongation cycle and its cooperative action with fatty acid elongases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105656. [PMID: 38224948 PMCID: PMC10864336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) elongation cycle produces very-long-chain FAs with ≥C21, which have unique physiological functions. Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductases (yeast, Tsc13; mammals, TECR) catalyze the reduction reactions in the fourth step of the FA elongation cycle and in the sphingosine degradation pathway. However, their catalytic residues and coordinated action in the FA elongation cycle complex are unknown. To reveal these, we generated and analyzed Ala-substituted mutants of 15 residues of Tsc13. An in vitro FA elongation assay showed that nine of these mutants were less active than WT protein, with E91A and Y256A being the least active. Growth complementation analysis, measurement of ceramide levels, and deuterium-sphingosine labeling revealed that the function of the E91A mutant was substantially impaired in vivo. In addition, we found that the activity of FA elongases, which catalyze the first step of the FA elongation cycle, were reduced in the absence of Tsc13. Similar results were observed in Tsc13 E91A-expressing cells, which is attributable to reduced interaction between the Tsc13 E91A mutant and the FA elongases Elo2/Elo3. Finally, we found that E94A and Y248A mutants of human TECR, which correspond to E91A and Y256A mutants of Tsc13, showed reduced and almost no activity, respectively. Based on these results and the predicted three-dimensional structure of Tsc13, we speculate that Tyr256/Tyr248 of Tsc13/TECR is the catalytic residue that supplies a proton to trans-2-enoyl-CoAs. Our findings provide a clue concerning the catalytic mechanism of Tsc13/TECR and the coordinated action in the FA elongation cycle complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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2
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Bravo JI, Mizrahi CR, Kim S, Zhang L, Suh Y, Benayoun BA. An eQTL-based Approach Reveals Candidate Regulators of LINE-1 RNA Levels in Lymphoblastoid Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553416. [PMID: 37645920 PMCID: PMC10461994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Long interspersed element 1 (L1) are a family of autonomous, actively mobile transposons that occupy ~17% of the human genome. A number of pleiotropic effects induced by L1 (promoting genome instability, inflammation, or cellular senescence) have been observed, and L1's contributions to aging and aging diseases is an area of active research. However, because of the cell type-specific nature of transposon control, the catalogue of L1 regulators remains incomplete. Here, we employ an eQTL approach leveraging transcriptomic and genomic data from the GEUVADIS and 1000Genomes projects to computationally identify new candidate regulators of L1 RNA levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. To cement the role of candidate genes in L1 regulation, we experimentally modulate the levels of top candidates in vitro, including IL16, STARD5, HSDB17B12, and RNF5, and assess changes in TE family expression by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Remarkably, we observe subtle but widespread upregulation of TE family expression following IL16 and STARD5 overexpression. Moreover, a short-term 24-hour exposure to recombinant human IL16 was sufficient to transiently induce subtle, but widespread, upregulation of L1 subfamilies. Finally, we find that many L1 expression-associated genetic variants are co-associated with aging traits across genome-wide association study databases. Our results expand the catalogue of genes implicated in L1 RNA control and further suggest that L1-derived RNA contributes to aging processes. Given the ever-increasing availability of paired genomic and transcriptomic data, we anticipate this new approach to be a starting point for more comprehensive computational scans for transposon transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Graduate program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chanelle R. Mizrahi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Gerontology Enriching MSTEM to Enhance Diversity in Aging Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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3
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Liu J, Che Y, Cai K, Zhao B, Qiao L, Pan Y, Yang K, Liu W. miR-136 Regulates the Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fractions by Targeting HSD17B12. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14892. [PMID: 37834341 PMCID: PMC10573499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition involves the continuous differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Studies have shown that microRNA miR-136 and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) play important roles in lipid accumulation. However, the regulatory mechanism through which miR-136 targets HSD17B12 during ovine adipogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-136 and HSD17B12 in adipogenesis and their relationship in ovine adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs). The target relationship between miR-136 and HSD17B12 was predicted and confirmed using bioinformatics and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR-136 promoted proliferation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. We also found that HSD17B12 inhibited proliferation and promoted adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-136 facilitates proliferation and attenuates adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs by targeting HSD17B12. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of lipid deposition in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Breeding of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yutong Che
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ke Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bishi Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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4
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Garcia G, Zhang H, Moreno S, Tsui CK, Webster BM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. Lipid homeostasis is essential for a maximal ER stress response. eLife 2023; 12:e83884. [PMID: 37489956 PMCID: PMC10368420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases, including proteopathies. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is uniquely a major hub for protein and lipid synthesis, making its function essential for both protein and lipid homeostasis. However, it is less clear how lipid metabolism and protein quality may impact each other. Here, we identified let-767, a putative hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in Caenorhabditis elegans, as an essential gene for both lipid and ER protein homeostasis. Knockdown of let-767 reduces lipid stores, alters ER morphology in a lipid-dependent manner, and blocks induction of the Unfolded Protein Response of the ER (UPRER). Interestingly, a global reduction in lipogenic pathways restores UPRER induction in animals with reduced let-767. Specifically, we find that supplementation of 3-oxoacyl, the predicted metabolite directly upstream of let-767, is sufficient to block induction of the UPRER. This study highlights a novel interaction through which changes in lipid metabolism can alter a cell's response to protein-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Sophia Moreno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Brant Michael Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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5
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Xu Y, Kusuyama J, Osana S, Matsuhashi S, Li L, Takada H, Inada H, Nagatomi R. Lactate promotes neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by lactate-responsive gene sets through NDRG3-dependent and -independent manners. J Biol Chem 2023:104802. [PMID: 37172727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as the major glucose alternative to an energy substrate in the brain. Lactate level is increased in the fetal brain from the middle stage of gestation, indicating the involvement of lactate in brain development and neuronal differentiation. Recent reports show that lactate functions as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression and protein stability. However, the roles of lactate signaling in neuronal cells remain unknown. Here, we showed that lactate promotes the all stages of neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A, human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines, characterized by increased neuronal marker expression and the rates of neurites extension. Transcriptomics revealed many lactate-responsive genes sets such as SPARCL1 in SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, and primary embryonic mouse neuronal cells. The effects of lactate on neuronal function were mainly mediated through monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1). We found that NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3), a lactate-binding protein, was highly expressed and stabilized by lactate treatment during neuronal differentiation. Combinative RNA-seq of SH-SY5Y with lactate treatment and NDRG3 knockdown shows that the promotive effects of lactate on neural differentiation are regulated through NDRG3-dependent and independent manners. Moreover, we identified TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) and ETS-related transcription factor 4 (ELF4) are the specific transcription factors that are regulated by both lactate and NDRG3 in neuronal differentiation. TEAD1 and ELF4 differently affect the expression of neuronal marker genes in SH-SY5Y cells. These results highlight the biological roles of extracellular and intracellular lactate as a critical signaling molecule that modifies neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Biosignals and Inheritance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shion Osana
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications
| | - Satayuki Matsuhashi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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6
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Wang MX, Peng ZG. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108428. [PMID: 37116587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic and a major public health problem, with a prevalence of approximately 25%. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and may be affected by the environment and susceptible genetic factors, resulting in a highly variable disease course and no approved drugs in the clinic. Notably, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 (HSD17B13), which belongs to the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase superfamily (HSD17Bs), is closely related to the clinical outcome of liver disease. HSD17Bs consists of fifteen members, most related to steroid and lipid metabolism, and may have the same biological function as HSD17B13. In this review, we highlight recent advances in basic research on the functional activities, major substrates, and key roles of HSD17Bs in the progression of NAFLD to develop innovative anti-NAFLD drugs targeting HSD17Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xi Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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7
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Khadhraoui N, Prola A, Vandestienne A, Blondelle J, Guillaud L, Courtin G, Bodak M, Prost B, Huet H, Wintrebert M, Péchoux C, Solgadi A, Relaix F, Tiret L, Pilot-Storck F. Hacd2 deficiency in mice leads to an early and lethal mitochondrial disease. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101677. [PMID: 36693621 PMCID: PMC9986742 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria fuel most animal cells with ATP, ensuring proper energetic metabolism of organs. Early and extensive mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to severe disorders through multiorgan failure. Hacd2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in very long chain fatty acid (C ≥ 18) synthesis, yet its roles in vivo remain poorly understood. Since mitochondria function relies on specific properties of their membranes conferred by a particular phospholipid composition, we investigated if Hacd2 gene participates to mitochondrial integrity. METHODS We generated two mouse models, the first one leading to a partial knockdown of Hacd2 expression and the second one, to a complete knockout of Hacd2 expression. We performed an in-depth analysis of the associated phenotypes, from whole organism to molecular scale. RESULTS Thanks to these models, we show that Hacd2 displays an early and broad expression, and that its deficiency in mice is lethal. Specifically, partial knockdown of Hacd2 expression leads to death within one to four weeks after birth, from a sudden growth arrest followed by cachexia and lethargy. The total knockout of Hacd2 is even more severe, characterized by embryonic lethality around E9.5 following developmental arrest and pronounced cardiovascular malformations. In-depth mechanistic analysis revealed that Hacd2 deficiency causes altered mitochondrial efficiency and ultrastructure, as well as accumulation of oxidized cardiolipin. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that the Hacd2 gene is essential for energetic metabolism during embryonic and postnatal development, acting through the control of proper mitochondrial organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Khadhraoui
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Prola
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Aymeline Vandestienne
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Courtin
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Bastien Prost
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- Biopôle, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - Mélody Wintrebert
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
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8
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Du L, Li K, Chang T, An B, Liang M, Deng T, Cao S, Du Y, Cai W, Gao X, Xu L, Zhang L, Li J, Gao H. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics to identify candidate genes for subcutaneous fat deposition in beef cattle. Genomics 2022; 114:110406. [PMID: 35709924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat deposition is a complex economic trait regulated by polygenic genetic basis and environmental factors. Therefore, integrating multi-omics data to uncover its internal regulatory mechanism has attracted extensive attention. Here, we performed genomics and transcriptomics analysis to detect candidates affecting subcutaneous fat (SCF) deposition in beef cattle. The association of 770K SNPs with the backfat thickness captured nine significant SNPs within or near 11 genes. Additionally, 13 overlapping genes regarding fat deposition were determined via the analysis of differentially expressed genes and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We then calculated the correlations of these genes with BFT and constructed their interaction network. Finally, seven biomarkers including ACACA, SCD, FASN, ACOX1, ELOVL5, HACD2, and HSD17B12 were screened. Notably, ACACA, identified by the integration of genomics and transcriptomics, was more likely to exert profound effects on SCF deposition. These findings provided novel insights into the regulation mechanism underlying bovine fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keanning Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianpeng Chang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxing An
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mang Liang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yueying Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Juengel J, Mosaad E, Mitchell M, Phyn C, French M, Meenken E, Burke C, Meier S. Relationships between prostaglandin concentrations, SNP in HSD17B12, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4643-4652. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Ke W, Reed JN, Yang C, Higgason N, Rayyan L, Wählby C, Carpenter AE, Civelek M, O’Rourke EJ. Genes in human obesity loci are causal obesity genes in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009736. [PMID: 34492009 PMCID: PMC8462697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Given the disease's heavy burden on patients and the healthcare system, there has been increased interest in identifying pharmacological targets for the treatment and prevention of obesity. Towards this end, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of human genetic variants associated with obesity. The next challenge is to experimentally define which of these variants are causally linked to obesity, and could therefore become targets for the treatment or prevention of obesity. Here we employ high-throughput in vivo RNAi screening to test for causality 293 C. elegans orthologs of human obesity-candidate genes reported in GWAS. We RNAi screened these 293 genes in C. elegans subject to two different feeding regimens: (1) regular diet, and (2) high-fructose diet, which we developed and present here as an invertebrate model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). We report 14 genes that promote obesity and 3 genes that prevent DIO when silenced in C. elegans. Further, we show that knock-down of the 3 DIO genes not only prevents excessive fat accumulation in primary and ectopic fat depots but also improves the health and extends the lifespan of C. elegans overconsuming fructose. Importantly, the direction of the association between expression variants in these loci and obesity in mice and humans matches the phenotypic outcome of the loss-of-function of the C. elegans ortholog genes, supporting the notion that some of these genes would be causally linked to obesity across phylogeny. Therefore, in addition to defining causality for several genes so far merely correlated with obesity, this study demonstrates the value of model systems compatible with in vivo high-throughput genetic screening to causally link GWAS gene candidates to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfan Ke
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jordan N. Reed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Noel Higgason
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Leila Rayyan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Carolina Wählby
- Department of Information Technology and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne E. Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eyleen J. O’Rourke
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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A functional genomics pipeline identifies pleiotropy and cross-tissue effects within obesity-associated GWAS loci. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5253. [PMID: 34489471 PMCID: PMC8421397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many disease-associated variants, yet mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. To understand obesity-associated variants, we generate gene regulatory annotations in adipocytes and hypothalamic neurons across cellular differentiation stages. We then test variants in 97 obesity-associated loci using a massively parallel reporter assay and identify putatively causal variants that display cell type specific or cross-tissue enhancer-modulating properties. Integrating these variants with gene regulatory information suggests genes that underlie obesity GWAS associations. We also investigate a complex genomic interval on 16p11.2 where two independent loci exhibit megabase-range, cross-locus chromatin interactions. We demonstrate that variants within these two loci regulate a shared gene set. Together, our data support a model where GWAS loci contain variants that alter enhancer activity across tissues, potentially with temporally restricted effects, to impact the expression of multiple genes. This complex model has broad implications for ongoing efforts to understand GWAS.
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12
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Keogh K, Kelly AK, Kenny DA. Effect of plane of nutrition in early life on the transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue in Angus heifer calves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9716. [PMID: 33958675 PMCID: PMC8102595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents not only an important energy storage tissue but also a major endocrine organ within the body, influencing many biochemical systems including metabolic status, immune function and energy homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an enhanced dietary intake during the early calfhood period on the transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue. Artificially reared Angus × Holstein-Friesian heifer calves were offered either a high (HI, n = 15) or moderate (MOD, n = 15) plane of nutrition from 3 to 21 weeks of life. At 21 weeks of age all calves were euthanized, visceral adipose harvested and samples subsequently subjected to mRNA sequencing. Plane of nutrition resulted in the differential expression of 1214 genes within visceral adipose tissue (adj. p < 0.05; fold change > 1.5). Differentially expressed genes were involved in processes related to metabolism and energy production. Biochemical pathways including Sirtuin signalling (adj. p < 0.0001) and the adipogenesis pathways (adj. p = 0.009) were also significantly enriched, indicating greater metabolic processing and adipogenesis in the calves on the high plane of nutrition. Results from this study identify novel genes regulating the molecular response of visceral adipose tissue to an improved plane of nutrition during early calfhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland ,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Zhao C, Bai Y, Fu S, Wu L, Xu C, Xia C. Follicular fluid proteomic profiling of dairy cows with anestrus caused by negative energy balance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1899855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Shixin Fu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Ling Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine DiseasesCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, PR China
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14
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Heikelä H, Ruohonen ST, Adam M, Viitanen R, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Gabriel M, Mairinoja L, Pessia A, Velagapudi V, Roivainen A, Zhang FP, Strauss L, Poutanen M. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 12 is essential for metabolic homeostasis in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E494-E508. [PMID: 32691632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid 17β dehydrogenase 12 (HSD17B12) is suggested to be involved in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids. Previously, we have shown a pivotal role for the enzyme during mouse development. In the present study we generated a conditional Hsd17b12 knockout (HSD17B12cKO) mouse model by breeding mice homozygous for a floxed Hsd17b12 allele with mice expressing the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase at the ROSA26 locus. Gene inactivation was induced by administering tamoxifen to adult mice. The gene inactivation led to a 20% loss of body weight within 6 days, associated with drastic reduction in both white (83% males, 75% females) and brown (65% males, 60% females) fat, likely due to markedly reduced food and water intake. Furthermore, the knockout mice showed sickness behavior and signs of liver toxicity, specifically microvesicular hepatic steatosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (4.6-fold in males, 7.7-fold in females). The hepatic changes were more pronounced in females than males. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, were increased in the HSD17B12cKO mice indicating an inflammatory response. Serum lipidomics study showed an increase in the amount of dihydroceramides, despite the dramatic overall loss of lipids. In line with the proposed role for HSD17B12 in fatty acid elongation, we observed accumulation of ceramides, dihydroceramides, hexosylceramides, and lactosylceramides with shorter than 18-carbon fatty acid side chains in the serum. The results indicate that HSD17B12 is essential for proper lipid homeostasis and HSD17B12 deficiency rapidly results in fatal systemic inflammation and lipolysis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marion Adam
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Gabriel
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Mairinoja
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Rebourcet D, Mackay R, Darbey A, Curley MK, Jørgensen A, Frederiksen H, Mitchell RT, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Nef S, Smith LB. Ablation of the canonical testosterone production pathway via knockout of the steroidogenic enzyme HSD17B3, reveals a novel mechanism of testicular testosterone production. FASEB J 2020; 34:10373-10386. [PMID: 32557858 PMCID: PMC7496839 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Male development, fertility, and lifelong health are all androgen-dependent. Approximately 95% of circulating testosterone is synthesized by the testis and the final step in this canonical pathway is controlled by the activity of the hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-17-beta-3 (HSD17B3). To determine the role of HSD17B3 in testosterone production and androgenization during male development and function we have characterized a mouse model lacking HSD17B3. The data reveal that developmental masculinization and fertility are normal in mutant males. Ablation of HSD17B3 inhibits hyperstimulation of testosterone production by hCG, although basal testosterone levels are maintained despite the absence of HSD17B3. Reintroduction of HSD17B3 via gene-delivery to Sertoli cells in adulthood partially rescues the adult phenotype, showing that, as in development, different cell-types in the testis are able to work together to produce testosterone. Together, these data show that HS17B3 acts as a rate-limiting-step for the maximum level of testosterone production by the testis but does not control basal testosterone production. Measurement of other enzymes able to convert androstenedione to testosterone identifies HSD17B12 as a candidate enzyme capable of driving basal testosterone production in the testis. Together, these findings expand our understanding of testosterone production in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Rebourcet
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosa Mackay
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annalucia Darbey
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael K Curley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lee B Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Hachim MY, Aljaibeji H, Hamoudi RA, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Mohammed AK, Salehi A, Taneera J, Sulaiman N. An Integrative Phenotype-Genotype Approach Using Phenotypic Characteristics from the UAE National Diabetes Study Identifies HSD17B12 as a Candidate Gene for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040461. [PMID: 32340285 PMCID: PMC7230604 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used to identify causal genes for diabetes. We explored the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (NHGRI-EBI GWAS) to list SNPs with documented association with the UAEDIAB-phenotypes as well as diabetes. The shared chromosomal regions affected by SNPs were identified, intersected, and searched for Enriched Ontology Clustering. The potential SNP-clusters were validated using targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) in two Emirati diabetic patients. RNA sequencing from human pancreatic islets was used to study the expression of identified genes in diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Eight chromosomal regions containing 46 SNPs were identified in at least four out of the five UAEDIAB-phenotypes. A list of 34 genes was shown to be affected by those SNPs. Targeted NGS from two Emirati patients confirmed that the identified genes have similar SNP-clusters. ASAH1, LRP4, FES, and HSD17B12 genes showed the highest SNPs rate among the identified genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed high expression levels of HSD17B12 in human islets and to be upregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) donors. Our integrative phenotype-genotype approach is a novel, simple, and powerful tool to identify clinically relevant potential biomarkers in diabetes. HSD17B12 is a novel candidate gene for pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Hayat Aljaibeji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Islets Cell Pathology, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (N.S.)
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17
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Goubert C, Zevallos NA, Feschotte C. Contribution of unfixed transposable element insertions to human regulatory variation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190331. [PMID: 32075552 PMCID: PMC7061991 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of unfixed transposable element (TE) insertions segregate in the human population, but little is known about their impact on genome function. Recently, a few studies associated unfixed TE insertions to mRNA levels of adjacent genes, but the biological significance of these associations, their replicability across cell types and the mechanisms by which they may regulate genes remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a TE-expression QTL analysis of 444 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) and 289 induced pluripotent stem cells using a newly developed set of genotypes for 2743 polymorphic TE insertions. We identified 211 and 176 TE-eQTL acting in cis in each respective cell type. Approximately 18% were shared across cell types with strongly correlated effects. Furthermore, analysis of chromatin accessibility QTL in a subset of the LCL suggests that unfixed TEs often modulate the activity of enhancers and other distal regulatory DNA elements, which tend to lose accessibility when a TE inserts within them. We also document a case of an unfixed TE likely influencing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Our study points to broad and diverse cis-regulatory effects of unfixed TEs in the human population and underscores their plausible contribution to phenotypic variation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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18
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Ferrante T, Adinolfi S, D'Arrigo G, Poirier D, Daga M, Lolli ML, Balliano G, Spyrakis F, Oliaro-Bosso S. Multiple catalytic activities of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 respond differently to inhibitors. Biochimie 2019; 170:106-117. [PMID: 31887335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis is a multistep process in mammals that includes the aerobic removal of three methyl groups from the intermediate lanosterol, one from position 14 and two from position 4. During the demethylations at position 4, a 3-ketosteroid reductase catalyses the conversion of both 4-methylzymosterone and zymosterone to 4-methylzymosterol and zymosterol, respectively, restoring the alcoholic function of lanosterol, which is also maintained in cholesterol. Unlike other eukaryotes, mammals also use the same enzyme as an estrone reductase that can transform estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2). This enzyme, named 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD17B7), is therefore a multifunctional protein in mammals, and one that belongs to both the HSD17B family, which is involved in steroid-hormone metabolism, and to the family of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes. In the present study, a series of known inhibitors of human HSD17B7's E1-reductase activity have been assayed for potential inhibition against 3-ketosteroid reductase activity. Surprisingly, the assayed compounds lost their inhibition activity when tested in HepG2 cells that were incubated with radiolabelled acetate and against the recombinant overexpressed human enzyme incubated with 4-methylzymosterone (both radiolabelled and not). Preliminary kinetic analyses suggest a mixed or non-competitive inhibition on the E1-reductase activity, which is in agreement with Molecular Dynamics simulations. These results raise questions about the mechanism(s) of action of these possible inhibitors, the enzyme dynamic regulation and the interplay between the two activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Ferrante
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Adinolfi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Arrigo
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Centre and Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier T-4-50 Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Martina Daga
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianni Balliano
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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19
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Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Jiang G, Chen Z, Glumoff T. 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as acyl thioester metabolizing enzymes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:107-118. [PMID: 30508570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD17B) catalyze the oxidation/reduction of 17β-hydroxy/keto group in position C17 in C18- and C19 steroids. Most HSD17Bs are also catalytically active with substrates other than steroids. A subset of these enzymes is able to process thioesters of carboxylic acids. This group of enzymes includes HSD17B4, HSD17B8, HSD17B10 and HSD17B12, which execute reactions in intermediary metabolism, participating in peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-groups, breakdown of isoleucine and fatty acid chain elongation in endoplasmic reticulum. Divergent substrate acceptance capabilities exemplify acquirement of catalytic site adaptiveness during evolution. As an additional common feature these HSD17Bs are multifunctional enzymes that arose either via gene fusions (HSD17B4) or are incorporated as subunits into multifunctional protein complexes (HSD17B8 and HSD17B10). Crystal structures of HSD17B4, HSD17B8 and HSD17B10 give insight into their structure-function relationships. Thus far, deficiencies of HSD17B4 and HSD17B10 have been assigned to inborn errors in humans, underlining their significance as enzymes of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | | | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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20
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Tsachaki M, Odermatt A. Subcellular localization and membrane topology of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:98-106. [PMID: 30864548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) comprise enzymes initially identified by their ability to interconvert active and inactive forms of sex steroids, a vital process for the tissue-specific control of estrogen and androgen balance. However, most 17β-HSDs have now been shown to accept substrates other than sex steroids, including bile acids, retinoids and fatty acids, thereby playing unanticipated roles in cell physiology. This functional divergence is often reflected by their different subcellular localization, with 17β-HSDs found in the cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and in lipid droplets. Moreover, a subset of 17β-HSDs are integral membrane proteins, with their specific topology dictating the cellular compartment in which they exert their enzymatic activity. Here, we summarize the present knowledge on the subcellular localization and membrane topology of the 17β-HSD enzymes and discuss the correlation with their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsachaki
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Dai W, Liu H, Xu X, Ge J, Luo S, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Li X, Nan H, Li C, Wei Q. Genetic variants in ELOVL2 and HSD17B12 predict melanoma-specific survival. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2619-2628. [PMID: 30734280 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids play a key role in cellular bioenergetics, membrane biosynthesis and intracellular signaling processes and thus may be involved in cancer development and progression. In the present study, we comprehensively assessed associations of 14,522 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 149 genes of the fatty-acid synthesis pathway with cutaneous melanoma disease-specific survival (CMSS). The dataset of 858 cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) by The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center was used as the discovery dataset, and the identified significant SNPs were validated by a dataset of 409 CM patients from another GWAS from the Nurses' Health and Health Professionals Follow-up Studies. We found 40 noteworthy SNPs to be associated with CMSS in both discovery and validation datasets after multiple comparison correction by the false positive report probability method, because more than 85% of the SNPs were imputed. By performing functional prediction, linkage disequilibrium analysis, and stepwise Cox regression selection, we identified two independent SNPs of ELOVL2 rs3734398 T>C and HSD17B12 rs11037684 A>G that predicted CMSS, with an allelic hazards ratio of 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.51-0.84 and p = 8.34 × 10-4 ) and 2.29 (1.55-3.39 and p = 3.61 × 10-5 ), respectively. Finally, the ELOVL2 rs3734398 variant CC genotype was found to be associated with a significantly increased mRNA expression level. These SNPs may be potential markers for CM prognosis, if validated by additional larger and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jie Ge
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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22
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Konings G, Brentjens L, Delvoux B, Linnanen T, Cornel K, Koskimies P, Bongers M, Kruitwagen R, Xanthoulea S, Romano A. Intracrine Regulation of Estrogen and Other Sex Steroid Levels in Endometrium and Non-gynecological Tissues; Pathology, Physiology, and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:940. [PMID: 30283331 PMCID: PMC6157328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the intracrine (or local) regulation of estrogen and other steroid synthesis and degradation expanded in the last decades, also thanks to recent technological advances in chromatography mass-spectrometry. Estrogen responsive tissues and organs are not passive receivers of the pool of steroids present in the blood but they can actively modify the intra-tissue steroid concentrations. This allows fine-tuning the exposure of responsive tissues and organs to estrogens and other steroids in order to best respond to the physiological needs of each specific organ. Deviations in such intracrine control can lead to unbalanced steroid hormone exposure and disturbances. Through a systematic bibliographic search on the expression of the intracrine enzymes in various tissues, this review gives an up-to-date view of the intracrine estrogen metabolisms, and to a lesser extent that of progestogens and androgens, in the lower female genital tract, including the physiological control of endometrial functions, receptivity, menopausal status and related pathological conditions. An overview of the intracrine regulation in extra gynecological tissues such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain, colon and bone is given. Current therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with these metabolisms and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonda Konings
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Brentjens
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert Delvoux
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Cornel
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Marlies Bongers
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Kruitwagen
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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23
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Adam M, Heikelä H, Sobolewski C, Portius D, Mäki-Jouppila J, Mehmood A, Adhikari P, Esposito I, Elo LL, Zhang FP, Ruohonen ST, Strauss L, Foti M, Poutanen M. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 13 deficiency triggers hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:3434-3447. [PMID: 29401633 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs) form an enzyme family characterized by their ability to catalyze reactions in steroid and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we characterized the phenotype of HSD17B13-knockout (HSD17B13KO) mice deficient in Hsd17b13. In these studies, hepatic steatosis was detected in HSD17B13KO male mice, indicated by histologic analysis and by the increased triglyceride concentration in the liver, whereas reproductive performance and serum steroid concentrations were normal in HSD17B13KO mice. In line with these changes, the expression of key proteins in fatty acid synthesis, such as FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and SCD1, was increased in the HSD17B13KO liver. Furthermore, the knockout liver showed an increase in 2 acylcarnitines, suggesting impaired mitochondrial β-oxidation in the presence of unaltered malonyl CoA and AMPK expression. The glucose tolerance did not differ between wild-type and HSD17B13KO mice in the presence of lower levels of glucose 6-phosphatase in HSD17B13KO liver compared with wild-type liver. Furthermore, microgranulomas and increased portal inflammation together with up-regulation of immune response genes were observed in HSD17B13KO mice. Our data indicate that disruption of Hsd17b13 impairs hepatic-lipid metabolism in mice, resulting in liver steatosis and inflammation, but the enzyme does not play a major role in the regulation of reproductive functions.-Adam, M., Heikelä, H., Sobolewski, C., Portius, D., Mäki-Jouppila, J., Mehmood, A., Adhikari, P., Esposito, I., Elo, L. L., Zhang, F.-P., Ruohonen, S. T., Strauss, L., Foti, M., Poutanen, M. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 13 deficiency triggers hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Adam
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Heikelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Portius
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Mäki-Jouppila
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Prem Adhikari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Strauss
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Yang Y, Fang X, Yang R, Yu H, Jiang P, Sun B, Zhao Z. MiR-152 Regulates Apoptosis and Triglyceride Production in MECs via Targeting ACAA2 and HSD17B12 Genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:417. [PMID: 29323178 PMCID: PMC5765104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) affect milk production capacity during lactation and are critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Our previous studies have revealed that the expression of miR-152 was increased significantly in MECs of cows with high milk production. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis identified ACAA2 and HSD17B12 as the potential targets of miR-152, which were further validated by dual-luciferase repoter assay. In addition, the expressions of miR-152 was shown to be negatively correlated with levels of mRNA and protein of ACAA2, HSD17B12 genes by qPCR and western bot analysis. Furthermore, transfection with miR-152 significantly up-regulated triglyceride production, promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in MECs. Furthermore, overexpression of ACAA2 and HSD17B12 could inhibit triglyceride production, cells proliferation and induce apoptosis; but sh234-ACAA2-181/sh234-HSD17B12-474 could reverse the trend. These findings suggested that miR-152 could significantly influence triglyceride production and suppress apoptosis, possibly via the expression of target genes ACAA2 and HSD17B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Boxing Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, P.R. China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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25
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Sawai M, Uchida Y, Ohno Y, Miyamoto M, Nishioka C, Itohara S, Sassa T, Kihara A. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15538-15551. [PMID: 28784662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences among fatty acids (FAs) in chain length and number of double bonds create lipid diversity. FA elongation proceeds via a four-step reaction cycle, in which the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases (HACDs) HACD1-4 catalyze the third step. However, the contribution of each HACD to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity in certain tissues or in different FA elongation pathways remains unclear. HACD1 is specifically expressed in muscles and is a myopathy-causative gene. Here, we generated Hacd1 KO mice and observed that these mice had reduced body and skeletal muscle weights. In skeletal muscle, HACD1 mRNA expression was by far the highest among the HACDs However, we observed only an ∼40% reduction in HACD activity and no changes in membrane lipid composition in Hacd1-KO skeletal muscle, suggesting that some HACD activities are redundant. Moreover, when expressed in yeast, both HACD1 and HACD2 participated in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways. Disruption of HACD2 in the haploid human cell line HAP1 significantly reduced FA elongation activities toward both saturated and unsaturated FAs, and HACD1 HACD2 double disruption resulted in a further reduction. Overexpressed HACD3 exhibited weak activity in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways, and no activity was detected for HACD4. We therefore conclude that HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit redundant activities in a wide range of FA elongation pathways, including those for saturated to polyunsaturated FAs, with HACD2 being the major 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. Our findings are important for furthering the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in FA elongation and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sawai
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yukiko Uchida
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Sassa
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Akio Kihara
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
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26
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Chénard T, Guénard F, Vohl MC, Carpentier A, Tchernof A, Najmanovich RJ. Remodeling adipose tissue through in silico modulation of fat storage for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:60. [PMID: 28606124 PMCID: PMC5468946 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading non-infectious diseases worldwide and closely relates to excess adipose tissue accumulation as seen in obesity. Specifically, hypertrophic expansion of adipose tissues is related to increased cardiometabolic risk leading to type 2 diabetes. Studying mechanisms underlying adipocyte hypertrophy could lead to the identification of potential targets for the treatment of these conditions. RESULTS We present iTC1390adip, a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipocyte presenting various improvements over the previously published iAdipocytes1809. iTC1390adip contains 1390 genes, 4519 reactions and 3664 metabolites. We validated the network obtaining 92.6% accuracy by comparing experimental gene essentiality in various cell lines to our predictions of biomass production. Using flux balance analysis under various test conditions, we predict the effect of gene deletion on both lipid droplet and biomass production, resulting in the identification of 27 genes that could reduce adipocyte hypertrophy. We also used expression data from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues to compare the effect of single gene deletions between adipocytes from each compartment. CONCLUSIONS We generated a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipose tissue and used it to identify potential targets for adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction leading to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chénard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael J Najmanovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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27
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Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Korade Z, Genaro-Mattos TC, Wages PA, Liu W, Porter NA. Probes for protein adduction in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders: Alkynyl lanosterol as a viable sterol precursor. Redox Biol 2017; 12:182-190. [PMID: 28258022 PMCID: PMC5333532 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of lipid electrophile-protein adducts is associated with many disorders that involve perturbations of cellular redox status. The identities of adducted proteins and the effects of adduction on protein function are mostly unknown and an increased understanding of these factors may help to define the pathogenesis of various human disorders involving oxidative stress. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), the immediate biosynthetic precursor to cholesterol, is highly oxidizable and gives electrophilic oxysterols that adduct proteins readily, a sequence of events proposed to occur in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a human disorder resulting from an error in cholesterol biosynthesis. Alkynyl lanosterol (a-Lan) was synthesized and studied in Neuro2a cells, Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells and human fibroblasts. When incubated in control Neuro2a cells and control human fibroblasts, a-Lan completed the sequence of steps involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and alkynyl-cholesterol (a-Chol) was the major product formed. In Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells or fibroblasts from SLOS patients, the biosynthetic transformation was interrupted at the penultimate step and alkynyl-7-DHC (a-7-DHC) was the major product formed. When a-Lan was incubated in Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells and the alkynyl tag was used to ligate a biotin group to alkyne-containing products, protein-sterol adducts were isolated and identified. In parallel experiments with a-Lan and a-7-DHC in Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells, a-7-DHC was found to adduct to a larger set of proteins (799) than a-Lan (457) with most of the a-Lan protein adducts (423) being common to the larger a-7-DHC set. Of the 423 proteins found common to both experiments, those formed from a-7-DHC were more highly enriched compared to a DMSO control than were those derived from a-Lan. The 423 common proteins were ranked according to the enrichment determined for each protein in the a-Lan and a-7-DHC experiments and there was a very strong correlation of protein ranks for the adducts formed in the parallel experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
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28
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Kemiläinen H, Adam M, Mäki-Jouppila J, Damdimopoulou P, Damdimopoulos AE, Kere J, Hovatta O, Laajala TD, Aittokallio T, Adamski J, Ryberg H, Ohlsson C, Strauss L, Poutanen M. The Hydroxysteroid (17β) Dehydrogenase Family Gene HSD17B12 Is Involved in the Prostaglandin Synthesis Pathway, the Ovarian Function, and Regulation of Fertility. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3719-3730. [PMID: 27490311 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase (HSD17B)12 gene belongs to the hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase superfamily, and it has been implicated in the conversion of estrone to estradiol as well as in the synthesis of arachidonic acid (AA). AA is a precursor of prostaglandins, which are involved in the regulation of female reproduction, prompting us to study the role of HSD17B12 enzyme in the ovarian function. We found a broad expression of HSD17B12 enzyme in both human and mouse ovaries. The enzyme was localized in the theca interna, corpus luteum, granulosa cells, oocytes, and surface epithelium. Interestingly, haploinsufficiency of the HSD17B12 gene in female mice resulted in subfertility, indicating an important role for HSD17B12 enzyme in the ovarian function. In line with significantly increased length of the diestrous phase, the HSD17B+/- females gave birth less frequently than wild-type females, and the litter size of HSD17B12+/- females was significantly reduced. Interestingly, we observed meiotic spindle formation in immature follicles, suggesting defective meiotic arrest in HSD17B12+/- ovaries. The finding was further supported by transcriptome analysis showing differential expression of several genes related to the meiosis. In addition, polyovular follicles and oocytes trapped inside the corpus luteum were observed, indicating a failure in the oogenesis and ovulation, respectively. Intraovarian concentrations of steroid hormones were normal in HSD17B12+/- females, whereas the levels of AA and its metabolites (6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha, prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, and thromboxane B2) were decreased. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HSD17B12 enzyme plays an important role in female fertility through its role in AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kemiläinen
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Adam
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenni Mäki-Jouppila
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anastasios E Damdimopoulos
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leena Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Physiology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (H.K., M.A., J.M.-J., T.D.L., L.S., M.P.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20540 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (P.D., O.H.), Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (P.D.), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (A.E.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (T.D.L., T.A.), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (T.A.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Genetics (J.A.), Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of experimental Genetics (J.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum, 81377 München, Germany; Genome Analysis Center (J.A.), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine (C.O., M.P.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kihara A. Synthesis and degradation pathways, functions, and pathology of ceramides and epidermal acylceramides. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:50-69. [PMID: 27107674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide (Cer) is a structural backbone of sphingolipids and is composed of a long-chain base and a fatty acid. Existence of a variety of Cer species, which differ in chain-length, hydroxylation status, and/or double bond number of either of their hydrophobic chains, has been reported. Ceramide is produced by Cer synthases. Mammals have six Cer synthases (CERS1-6), each of which exhibits characteristic substrate specificity toward acyl-CoAs with different chain-lengths. Knockout mice for each Cer synthase show corresponding, isozyme-specific phenotypes, revealing the functional differences of Cers with different chain-lengths. Cer diversity is especially prominent in epidermis. Changes in Cer levels, composition, and chain-lengths are associated with atopic dermatitis. Acylceramide (acyl-Cer) specifically exists in epidermis and plays an essential role in skin permeability barrier formation. Accordingly, defects in acyl-Cer synthesis cause the cutaneous disorder ichthyosis with accompanying severe skin barrier defects. Although the molecular mechanism by which acyl-Cer is generated was long unclear, most genes involved in its synthesis have been identified recently. In Cer degradation pathways, the long-chain base moiety of Cer is converted to acyl-CoA, which is then incorporated mainly into glycerophospholipids. This pathway generates the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the synthesis and degradation pathways, physiological functions, and pathology of Cers/acyl-Cers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-choume, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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TransOmic analysis of forebrain sections in Sp2 conditional knockout embryonic mice using IR-MALDESI imaging of lipids and LC-MS/MS label-free proteomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3453-74. [PMID: 26942738 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative methods for detection of biological molecules are needed more than ever before in the emerging age of "omics" and "big data." Here, we provide an integrated approach for systematic analysis of the "lipidome" in tissue. To test our approach in a biological context, we utilized brain tissue selectively deficient for the transcription factor Specificity Protein 2 (Sp2). Conditional deletion of Sp2 in the mouse cerebral cortex results in developmental deficiencies including disruption of lipid metabolism. Silver (Ag) cationization was implemented for infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) to enhance the ion abundances for olefinic lipids, as these have been linked to regulation by Sp2. Combining Ag-doped and conventional IR-MALDESI imaging, this approach was extended to IR-MALDESI imaging of embryonic mouse brains. Further, our imaging technique was combined with bottom-up shotgun proteomic LC-MS/MS analysis and western blot for comparing Sp2 conditional knockout (Sp2-cKO) and wild-type (WT) cortices of tissue sections. This provided an integrated omics dataset which revealed many specific changes to fundamental cellular processes and biosynthetic pathways. In particular, step-specific altered abundances of nucleotides, lipids, and associated proteins were observed in the cerebral cortices of Sp2-cKO embryos.
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Zhang CY, Wang WQ, Chen J, Lin SX. Reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which synthesize estradiol and inactivate dihydrotestosterone constitute major and concerted players in ER+ breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:24-34. [PMID: 25257817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which catalyze the last step in estrogen activation for estrogen dependent breast cancer cells were studied. Their biological function and the effects of their knockdown for cancer cell proliferation were demonstrated. The multidisciplinary study involves enzyme catalysis, sex-hormone and cell cycle regulation, as well as cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Reductive 17β-HSD1, -7 and -12 were studied in the main breast cancer epithelial cells MCF-7 and T47D. Modification of estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone concentrations was monitored by ELISA assay while corresponding cell viability measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Dual activity of estradiol activation and 5α-dihydrotestosterone reduction by 17β-HSD1 and -7 was critical for breast cancer cell (T47D and MCF-7) viability. Cell viability was decreased by 35.8% ± 1.6% in T47D cells after simultaneously knocking down 17β-HSD1 and -7. MCF-7 cell viability was decreased by 29.3% ± 4.2% using a combination of siRNAs and inhibitors. By knocking down 17β-HSD7, we have provided the first demonstration of the significant role of this enzyme in the stimulation of breast cancer cell viability as a result of its high activity on androgen reduction with positive feedback on estradiol production. A further decrease in cell viability was not observed with additional knockdown of 17β-HSD12 after 17β-HSD1 and 7. Breast cancer cell cycle progression was impeded to enter the S phase from G0-G1 after knocking down 17β-HSD1 and -7. In summary, this is the first demonstration that the dual activity in estrone activation and 5α-dihydrotestosterone reduction are the functional basis of reductive 17β-HSDs in breast cancer cells. 17β-HSD1 and -7 are principal reductive 17β-HSDs and major players in the viability of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Combined targeting of these enzymes may be potential for molecular therapy of such cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China.
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hnRNP U protein is required for normal pre-mRNA splicing and postnatal heart development and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3020-9. [PMID: 26039991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508461112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that mice lacking the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U) in the heart develop lethal dilated cardiomyopathy and display numerous defects in cardiac pre-mRNA splicing. Mutant hearts have disorganized cardiomyocytes, impaired contractility, and abnormal excitation-contraction coupling activities. RNA-seq analyses of Hnrnpu mutant hearts revealed extensive defects in alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs encoding proteins known to be critical for normal heart development and function, including Titin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (Camk2d). Loss of hnRNP U expression in cardiomyocytes also leads to aberrant splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding the excitation-contraction coupling component Junctin. We found that the protein product of an alternatively spliced Junctin isoform is N-glycosylated at a specific asparagine site that is required for interactions with specific protein partners. Our findings provide conclusive evidence for the essential role of hnRNP U in heart development and function and in the regulation of alternative splicing.
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Bellemare V, Phaneuf D, Luu-The V. Target deletion of the bifunctional type 12 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in mice results in reduction of androgen and estrogen levels in heterozygotes and embryonic lethality in homozygotes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 2:311-8. [PMID: 25961203 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are enzymes issued from convergent evolution of activity from various ancestral genes having different functions. Type 12 17β-HSD (17β-HSD12) was described as a bifunctional enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of estradiol (E2) and the elongation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). It catalyzes selectively the transformation of estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) in human and primates, whereas in the mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans the enzyme catalyzes the 17β-reduction of both androgens and estrogens. It is also able to catalyze the reduction of 3-keto-acylCoA into 3-hydroxy-acylCoA in the elongation cycle of VLCFA biosynthesis. To further understand the physiological role of 17β-HSD12, we performed targeted disruption of the Hsd17b12 gene by substituting exons 8 and 9 that contain the active site with a neomycin cassette. The data indicate that heterozygous (HSD17B12+/-) mice are viable with reduced levels of sex steroids, whereas homozygous (HSD17B12-/-) mice show embryonic lethality. The present data are in agreement with the bifunctional activities of 17β-HSD12 suggesting that the VLCFA elongation activity, having its origin in the yeast, is most probably responsible for embryonic lethality in HSD17B12-/-, whereas the more recently acquired 17β-HSD12 activity is responsible for reduced sex steroid levels in HSD17B12+/-.
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Rajakumar A, Senthilkumaran B. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 12 during gonadal development, recrudescence and after in vivo hCG induction in catfish, Clarias batrachus. Steroids 2014; 92:81-9. [PMID: 25453338 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In teleosts, the levels of steroids during critical period of sex differentiation are critical for gonadogenesis. Hence, steroidogenesis and expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes are very critical for gonadal development and function. In this regard, 17b-HSDs are important as they are involved in both 17b-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) biosynthesis. Full length cDNAs of 17b-HSD 1 (1791 bp) and 12 (1073 bp) were cloned from catfish gonads which encodes a protein of 295 and 317 amino acids, respectively. To understand the importance of these enzymes in teleost reproduction, mRNA expression was analyzed during gonadal development, seasonal reproductive cycle and after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induction. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 17b-HSD 1 and 12 share high homology with their respective 17b-HSD forms from other teleosts and both the 17b-HSD forms belong to short chain dehydrogenase/ reductase family. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the 17b-HSD 1 expression was higher in ovary and gills, while 17b-HSD 12 was higher expressed in testis, ovary, brain, intestine and head kidney compared to other tissues analyzed. Developing and mature ovary showed higher expression of 17b-HSD 1, while 17b-HSD 12 was higher in testis than the ovary of corresponding stages. Further, 17b-HSD 1 and 12 transcripts together with E2 and T levels were found to be modulated during different phases of the seasonal reproductive cycle. Expression of 17b-HSD 1 and 12 was upregulated after hCG induction which shows possible regulation by gonadotropin. Our findings suggest that 17b-HSD 1 and 12 might play important role in regulating gonadal development and gametogenesis through modulation of sex steroid levels.
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Trottier A, Maltais R, Poirier D. Identification of a first enzymatic activator of a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1668-73. [PMID: 24910887 DOI: 10.1021/cb500109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule activators that directly modulate the activity of an enzyme are uncommon entities, and such activators had never yet been identified for any 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD). We hereby report the fortuitous discovery of a steroid derivative that caused an up to 3-fold increase in the activity of 17β-HSD12. The stimulation of estrone to estradiol conversion has been characterized in intact and homogenized stably transfected HEK-293 cells and has also been observed in T47D breast cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships closely linked to the nature of the substituent on the [1,3]oxazinan-2-one ring of an estradiol derivative emerged from this study and may help in the identification of a previously unsuspected endogenous activation of 17β-HSD12. This activator will therefore be a useful tool to study this relatively unknown enzyme as well as the possible activation of other 17β-HSD family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Trottier
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec (CHUL, T4),
and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec (CHUL, T4),
and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec (CHUL, T4),
and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Abe K, Ohno Y, Sassa T, Taguchi R, Çalışkan M, Ober C, Kihara A. Mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation in the trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase TER gene involved in fatty acid elongation impairs the enzyme activity and stability, leading to change in sphingolipid profile. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36741-9. [PMID: 24220030 PMCID: PMC3868783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs, chain length >C20) exist in tissues throughout the body and are synthesized by repetition of the fatty acid (FA) elongation cycle composed of four successive enzymatic reactions. In mammals, the TER gene is the only gene encoding trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, which catalyzes the fourth reaction in the FA elongation cycle. The TER P182L mutation is the pathogenic mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation. This mutation substitutes a leucine for a proline residue at amino acid 182 in the TER enzyme. Currently, the mechanism by which the TER P182L mutation causes nonsyndromic mental retardation is unknown. To understand the effect of this mutation on the TER enzyme and VLCFA synthesis, we have biochemically characterized the TER P182L mutant enzyme using yeast and mammalian cells transfected with the TER P182L mutant gene and analyzed the FA elongation cycle in the B-lymphoblastoid cell line with the homozygous TER P182L mutation (TER(P182L/P182L) B-lymphoblastoid cell line). We have found that TER P182L mutant enzyme exhibits reduced trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity and protein stability, thereby impairing VLCFA synthesis and, in turn, altering the sphingolipid profile (i.e. decreased level of C24 sphingomyelin and C24 ceramide) in the TER(P182L/P182L) B-lymphoblastoid cell line. We have also found that in addition to the TER enzyme-catalyzed fourth reaction, the third reaction in the FA elongation cycle is affected by the TER P182L mutation. These findings provide new insight into the biochemical defects associated with this genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Abe
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan, and
| | - Minal Çalışkan
- the Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Carole Ober
- the Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Akio Kihara
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Cochran SD, Cole JB, Null DJ, Hansen PJ. Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with fertility and production traits in Holstein cattle. BMC Genet 2013; 14:49. [PMID: 23759029 PMCID: PMC3686577 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for specific genes involved in reproduction might improve reliability of genomic estimates for these low-heritability traits. Semen from 550 Holstein bulls of high (≥ 1.7; n = 288) or low (≤ −2; n = 262) daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) was genotyped for 434 candidate SNPs using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system. Three types of SNPs were evaluated: SNPs previously reported to be associated with reproductive traits or physically close to genetic markers for reproduction, SNPs in genes that are well known to be involved in reproductive processes, and SNPs in genes that are differentially expressed between physiological conditions in a variety of tissues associated in reproductive function. Eleven reproduction and production traits were analyzed. Results A total of 40 SNPs were associated (P < 0.05) with DPR. Among these were genes involved in the endocrine system, cell signaling, immune function and inhibition of apoptosis. A total of 10 genes were regulated by estradiol. In addition, 22 SNPs were associated with heifer conception rate, 33 with cow conception rate, 36 with productive life, 34 with net merit, 23 with milk yield, 19 with fat yield, 13 with fat percent, 19 with protein yield, 22 with protein percent, and 13 with somatic cell score. The allele substitution effect for SNPs associated with heifer conception rate, cow conception rate, productive life and net merit were in the same direction as for DPR. Allele substitution effects for several SNPs associated with production traits were in the opposite direction as DPR. Nonetheless, there were 29 SNPs associated with DPR that were not negatively associated with production traits. Conclusion SNPs in a total of 40 genes associated with DPR were identified as well as SNPs for other traits. It might be feasible to include these SNPs into genomic tests of reproduction and other traits. The genes associated with DPR are likely to be important for understanding the physiology of reproduction. Given the large number of SNPs associated with DPR that were not negatively associated with production traits, it should be possible to select for DPR without compromising production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Cochran
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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Yazawa T, Naganuma T, Yamagata M, Kihara A. Identification of residues important for the catalysis, structure maintenance, and substrate specificity of yeast 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase Phs1. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:804-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saloniemi T, Jokela H, Strauss L, Pakarinen P, Poutanen M. The diversity of sex steroid action: novel functions of hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases as revealed by genetically modified mouse models. J Endocrinol 2012; 212:27-40. [PMID: 22045753 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed action of sex steroid hormones, i.e. androgens and estrogens, is involved in the pathogenesis of various severe diseases in humans. Interestingly, recent studies have provided data further supporting the hypothesis that the circulating hormone concentrations do not explain all physiological and pathological processes observed in hormone-dependent tissues, while the intratissue sex steroid concentrations are determined by the expression of steroid metabolising enzymes in the neighbouring cells (paracrine action) and/or by target cells themselves (intracrine action). This local sex steroid production is also a valuable treatment option for developing novel therapies against hormonal diseases. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs) compose a family of 14 enzymes that catalyse the conversion between the low-active 17-keto steroids and the highly active 17β-hydroxy steroids. The enzymes frequently expressed in sex steroid target tissues are, thus, potential drug targets in order to lower the local sex steroid concentrations. The present review summarises the recent data obtained for the role of HSD17B1, HSD17B2, HSD17B7 and HSD17B12 enzymes in various metabolic pathways and their physiological and pathophysiological roles as revealed by the recently generated genetically modified mouse models. Our data, together with that provided by others, show that, in addition to having a role in sex steroid metabolism, several of these HSD17B enzymes possess key roles in other metabolic processes: for example, HD17B7 is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis and HSD17B12 is involved in elongation of fatty acids. Additional studies in vitro and in vivo are to be carried out in order to fully define the metabolic role of the HSD17B enzymes and to evaluate their value as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Saloniemi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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The Amazing Power of Cancer Cells to Recapitulate Extraembryonic Functions: The Cuckoo's Tricks. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:521284. [PMID: 21969829 PMCID: PMC3182376 DOI: 10.1155/2012/521284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, it has been suggested that common cellular and molecular mechanisms are activated in wound repair and in cancer development. In addition, it has been previously proposed that the inflammatory response, which is associated with the wound healing process, could recapitulate ontogeny through the reexpression of the extraembryonic, that is, amniotic and vitelline, functions in the interstitial space of the injured tissue. If so, the use of inflammation by the cancer-initiating cell can also be supported in the ability to reacquire extraembryonic functional axes for tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the diverse components of the tumor microenvironment could represent the overlapping reexpression of amniotic and vitelline functions. These functions would favor a gastrulation-like process, that is, the creation of a reactive stroma in which fibrogenesis and angiogenesis stand out.
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Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Henn C, Möller G, Klein T, Negri M, Oster A, Spadaro A, Werth R, Wetzel M, Xu K, Frotscher M, Hartmann RW, Adamski J. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) as therapeutic targets: protein structures, functions, and recent progress in inhibitor development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:66-82. [PMID: 21193039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are oxidoreductases, which play a key role in estrogen and androgen steroid metabolism by catalyzing final steps of the steroid biosynthesis. Up to now, 14 different subtypes have been identified in mammals, which catalyze NAD(P)H or NAD(P)(+) dependent reductions/oxidations at the 17-position of the steroid. Depending on their reductive or oxidative activities, they modulate the intracellular concentration of inactive and active steroids. As the genomic mechanism of steroid action involves binding to a steroid nuclear receptor, 17β-HSDs act like pre-receptor molecular switches. 17β-HSDs are thus key enzymes implicated in the different functions of the reproductive tissues in both males and females. The crucial role of estrogens and androgens in the genesis and development of hormone dependent diseases is well recognized. Considering the pivotal role of 17β-HSDs in steroid hormone modulation and their substrate specificity, these proteins are promising therapeutic targets for diseases like breast cancer, endometriosis, osteoporosis, and prostate cancer. The selective inhibition of the concerned enzymes might provide an effective treatment and a good alternative to the existing endocrine therapies. Herein, we give an overview of functional and structural aspects for the different 17β-HSDs. We focus on steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors recently published for each subtype and report on existing animal models for the different 17β-HSDs and the respective diseases. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Identification and functional characterization of a putative 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 12 in abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta). Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:123-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Visus C, Ito D, Dhir R, Szczepanski MJ, Chang YJ, Latimer JJ, Grant SG, DeLeo AB. Identification of Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) as a CD8+ T-cell-defined human tumor antigen of human carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:919-29. [PMID: 21409596 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) is a multifunctional isoenzyme functional in the conversion of estrone to estradiol (E2), and elongation of long-chain fatty acids, in particular the conversion of palmitic to archadonic (AA) acid, the precursor of sterols and the inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E(2). Its overexpression together with that of COX-2 in breast carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. We have identified the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide (IYDKIKTGL) as a naturally presented HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)-restricted CD8(+) T-cell-defined epitope. The HSD17B12(114-122) peptide, however, is poorly immunogenic in its in vitro ability to induce peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells. Acting as an "optimized peptide", a peptide (TYDKIKTGL), which is identical to the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide except for threonine at residue 1, was required for inducing in vitro the expansion of CD8(+) T-cell effectors cross-reactive against the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide. In IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, these effector cells recognize HSD17B12(114-122) peptide-pulsed target cells, as well as HLA-A2(+) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and breast carcinoma cell lines overexpressing HSD17B12 and naturally presenting the epitope. Whereas growth inhibition of a breast carcinoma cell line induced by HSD17B12 knockdown was only reversed by AA, in a similar manner, the growth inhibition of the SCCHN PCI-13 cell line by HSD17B12 knockdown was reversed by E2 and AA. Our findings provide the basis for future studies aimed at developing cancer vaccines for targeting HSD17B12, which apparently can be functional in critical metabolic pathways involved in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Visus
- Division of Basic Research, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Aller MA, Arias JI, Arias J. Pathological axes of wound repair: gastrulation revisited. Theor Biol Med Model 2010; 7:37. [PMID: 20840764 PMCID: PMC2945962 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic inflammation is formed by molecular and cellular complex mechanisms whose final goal seems to be injured tissue regeneration. In the skin -an exterior organ of the body- mechanical or thermal injury induces the expression of different inflammatory phenotypes that resemble similar phenotypes expressed during embryo development. Particularly, molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in gastrulation return. This is a developmental phase that delineates the three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Consequently, in the post-natal wounded skin, primitive functions related with the embryonic mesoderm, i.e. amniotic and yolk sac-derived, are expressed. Neurogenesis and hematogenesis stand out among the primitive function mechanisms involved. Interestingly, in these phases of the inflammatory response, whose molecular and cellular mechanisms are considered as traces of the early phases of the embryonic development, the mast cell, a cell that is supposedly inflammatory, plays a key role. The correlation that can be established between the embryonic and the inflammatory events suggests that the results obtained from the research regarding both great fields of knowledge must be interchangeable to obtain the maximum advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Surgery I Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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