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Inhibition of melanogenesis by 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) via blocking adenylyl cyclase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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2
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Kim MO, Kim SH, Lee SR, Shin MJ, Min KS, Lee DB, Lee SW, Kim KS, Kim SJ, Ryoo ZY. Ectopic expression of tethered human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) gene in transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2006; 16:65-75. [PMID: 17103026 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-006-9031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the mammary gland can be used to secrete large quantities of a bioactive heterodimeric protein into milk, we used a bovine beta-casein promoter to target and express human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) in the mammary gland into the milk of transgenic mice. We also identified the effects of hFSH leaked into the bloodstream. Transgenic mice produced a high level (up to 300 mIU/ml) of recombinant hFSH in the mammary gland. Human FSH was expressed in the mammary gland and brain, as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro bioactivity was also identified by cyclic AMP (cAMP) assay. The highest activity was showed in the transgenic mice line 11. However, hFSH leaked into the bloodstream was a powerful factor in the generation of breast and ovarian tumors from the transgenic mice line 11. These results suggest that change of endogenous hormones (FSH and progesterone) may affect the morphology and blood cell counts of peripheral blood and, especially, provoke breast and ovarian tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blood Cell Count
- Caseins/genetics
- Cattle
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human/blood
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human/genetics
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammary Glands, Animal/anatomy & histology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Transgenic
- Milk/metabolism
- Ovary/anatomy & histology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ok Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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3
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Na CH, Lee MH, Cho BY, Chae CB. A method for identification of the peptides that bind to a clone of thyroid-stimulating antibodies in the serum of Graves' disease patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1570-6. [PMID: 12679441 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for identification of the peptide sequences that bind to thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) clones from phage-displayed peptide library. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified from the serum of a Graves' disease patient that stimulates the synthesis of cAMP in the cells that express TSH receptor (TSHR). The IgG that binds to TSHR was purified by an affinity column packed with the resin cross-linked with the extracellular domain of human TSHR. The receptor-binding IgG was then mixed with phages that display linear or cyclic peptides at the end of tail protein pIII. The bound phages were eluted with acidic glycine after extensive washing. From sequencing of the pIII gene of the bound phages, one can deduce the sequences of the peptides that bind to the receptor-binding IgG. Each peptide sequence was then tested for inhibition of the synthesis of cAMP from thyroid cells induced by the serum of a Graves' patient. In this way, one can obtain the peptides that bind to a clone of TSAb. We obtained a peptide sequence that inhibits the action of TSAb at an extremely low concentration (<10(-14) M). Such a peptide will be useful for various studies on TSAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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4
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Choi SY, Choi BH, Suh BC, Chae HD, Kim JS, Shin MJ, Kang SS, Negishi M, Kim KT. Potentiation of PGE(2)-mediated cAMP production during neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)C cells. J Neurochem 2001; 79:303-10. [PMID: 11677258 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prostaglandin-evoked cAMP production was studied in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)C cells during neuronal differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid. The incubation with 5 microM all-trans retinoic acid for 4-6 days promoted neurite outgrowth of cells. After differentiation, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-induced cAMP production was dramatically increased, whereas forskolin- and AlF-induced cAMP productions were not changed. The increase reached maximum after 4-days of incubation with all-trans retinoic acid. The differentiation caused an increase in the maximal response and a decrease in the half-maximal effective concentration of the PGE(2)-induced cAMP production. In addition, the binding of [(3)H]PGE(2) to membrane receptors was enhanced in differentiated cells. However, the order of potency of the various prostaglandins (PGE(1) = PGE(2) > PGD(2) = PGF(2alpha) = PGI(2)) in cAMP production did not change during the differentiation, suggesting that mainly E-prostanoid (EP) receptors were involved. Butaprost, an EP(2) receptor specific agonist, increased the cAMP level in a concentration dependent manner and had a similar potentiating effect on cAMP production as PGE(2) upon differentiation. Northern blot analysis using the human cDNA probes shows that the EP(2) mRNA level was about seven times higher in differentiated cells, while the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA completely disappeared. Our results, thus, suggest that elevated gene expression of the prostanoid EP(2) receptor results in an increase in the PGE(2)-evoked cAMP production in SK-N-BE(2)C cells during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Choi
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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5
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Suh BC, Kim TD, Lee JU, Seong JK, Kim KT. Pharmacological characterization of adenosine receptors in PGT-beta mouse pineal gland tumour cells. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:132-42. [PMID: 11522605 PMCID: PMC1572918 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The adenosine receptor in mouse pinealocytes was identified and characterized using pharmacological and physiological approaches. 2. Expression of the two adenosine receptor subtypes A2B and A3 was detected in mouse pineal glands and PGT-beta cells by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. 3. Adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) evoked cyclic AMP generation but the A2)-selective agonist 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino)adenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (CGS 21680) and the A1-specific agonists R-N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) and N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) had little effect on intracellular cyclic AMP levels. The A2B receptor selective antagonists alloxazine and enprofylline completely blocked NECA-mediated cyclic AMP accumulation. 4. Treatment of cells with the A3-selective agonist N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-(N-methylcarbamoyl)adenosine (IB-MECA) inhibited the elevation of the cyclic AMP level induced by NECA or isoproterenol in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal inhibition of 40 - 50%. These responses were blocked by the specific A3 adenosine receptor antagonist MRS 1191. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin attenuated the IB-MECA-induced responses, suggesting that this effect occurred via the pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory G proteins. 5. IB-MECA also caused a concentration-dependent elevation in [Ca(2+)]i and IP3 content. Both the responses induced by IB-MECA were attenuated by treatment with U73122 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. 6. These data suggest the presence of both A2B and A3 adenosine receptors in mouse pineal tumour cells and that the A2B receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase whereas the A3 receptor is negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and also coupled to phospholipase C.
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MESH Headings
- 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone/pharmacology
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)/pharmacology
- Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dihydropyridines/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Estrenes/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Pertussis Toxin
- Phospholipases/metabolism
- Pinealoma/metabolism
- Pinealoma/pathology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B
- Receptor, Adenosine A3
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/physiology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jung-Uek Lee
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Je-Kyung Seong
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120 – 752, Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Author for correspondence:
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6
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Bae YS, Bae H, Kim Y, Lee TG, Suh PG, Ryu SH. Identification of novel chemoattractant peptides for human leukocytes. Blood 2001; 97:2854-62. [PMID: 11313281 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.9.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide is the most important armory on the primary defense line of monocytes against invading pathogens, and the identification of new stimuli and the characterization of the regulatory mechanism of superoxide generation are of paramount importance. In this study, we identified 3 novel peptides by screening a synthetic hexapeptide combinatorial library and modification of 1 of the peptides. The isolated peptides that can induce superoxide generation in human monocytes are His-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met-CONH(2) (HFYLPM), Met-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met-CONH(2) (MFYLPM), and His-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro-D-Met-CONH(2) (HFYLPm). All 3 peptides also caused intracellular calcium ([Ca(++)](i)) rise. We tested the specificities of the peptides on cells of different origin by looking at [Ca(++)](i) rise. All 3 peptides acted specifically on leukocytes and not on nonimmune cells. Among leukocytes, HL60 and Jurkat T cells were stimulated specifically by MFYLPM or HFYLPM, respectively. As a physiologic characteristic of the peptides, we observed that all 3 peptides induced chemotactic migration of monocytes. Studying receptor specificity, we concluded that the 3 peptides might act on some shared and some distinct receptor(s) on leukocytes. Studying intracellular signaling set in motion by the peptides revealed that HFYLPM, but not MFYLPM or HFYLPm, induced chemotaxis via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C. Because HFYLPM, MFYLPM, and HFYLPm not only exhibit different specificities depending on cell type and status of differentiation but also stimulate cells via distinct receptors and signaling, the 3 novel peptides might be useful tools to study leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Bae
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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7
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Suh BC, Kim TD, Lee IS, Kim KT. Differential regulation of P2Y(11) receptor-mediated signalling to phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase by protein kinase C in HL-60 promyelocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131:489-97. [PMID: 11015299 PMCID: PMC1572341 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mode of the P2Y(11) purinoceptor-mediated signalling cascades towards phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase was studied in HL-60 promyelocytes. Treatment with the potent P2Y(11) receptor activator dATP evoked an elevated intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) production that was sustained for longer than 30 min. However, the dATP-induced responses were significantly inhibited by the activation of protein kinase C after a short exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). dATP also potently stimulated cyclic AMP production with half maximum effect seen at 23+/-7 microM dATP. In addition, a 5-min pretreatment with PMA enhanced the dATP-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. PMA potentiated the cyclic AMP production when adenylyl cyclase was activated directly by forskolin or indirectly by G protein activation after cholera toxin treatment. dATP also enhanced the forskolin-mediated cyclic AMP generation. Treatment of the cells with 10 microM U-73122, which almost completely blocked the dATP-stimulated IP(3) production and [Ca(2+)](i) rise, had no effect on cyclic AMP accumulation, while 10 microM 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine (SQ 22536), which inhibited the adenylyl cyclase activation, did not effect the dATP-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover. Taken together, the results indicate that P2Y(11) receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase occurs through independent pathways and is differentially regulated by protein kinase C in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Soon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Author for correspondence:
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8
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Bae DG, Gho YS, Yoon WH, Chae CB. Arginine-rich anti-vascular endothelial growth factor peptides inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by blocking angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:13588-96. [PMID: 10788475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a critical step for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific and potent angiogenic factor and contributes to the development of solid tumors by promoting tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, it is a prime therapeutic target for the development of antagonists for treatment of cancer. We identified from peptide libraries arginine-rich hexapeptides that inhibit the interaction of VEGF(165) with VEGF receptor (IC(50) = 2-4 micrometer). They have no effect on binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to cellular receptor. The hexapeptides inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by VEGF(165) without toxicity. The peptides bind to VEGF and inhibit binding of both VEGF(165) and VEGF(121), suggesting that the peptides interact with the main body of VEGF but not the heparin-binding domain that is absent in VEGF(121). The identified peptides block the angiogenesis induced by VEGF(165) in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and the rabbit cornea. Furthermore, one of the hexapeptides, RRKRRR, blocks the growth and metastasis of VEGF-secreting HM7 human colon carcinoma cells in nude mice. Based on our results, the arginine-rich hexapeptides may be effective for the treatment of various human tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases that are related to the action of VEGF and could also serve as leads for development of more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Bae
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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9
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Appel JR, Johnson J, Narayanan VL, Houghten RA. Identification of novel antitumor agents from mixture-based synthetic combinatorial libraries using cell-based assays. Mol Divers 1999; 4:91-102. [PMID: 10425632 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026441400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy is presented here which integrates combinatorial library technology with the antitumor in vitro screening system at the National Cancer Institute in the search for novel antitumor agents. Mixture-based synthetic combinatorial libraries (SCLs) representing hundreds of thousands to millions of individual compounds were screened against the cell-based assay, which evaluates compounds for their ability to inhibit the growth of 60 different human tumor cell lines. Five different SCLs, composed of peptides, peptidomimetics, polyamines or small molecules were first tested against three cell lines to identify the most active SCLs. Two SCLs, namely the N-perbenzylated pentamine and the N-acylated permethylated triamine, were deconvoluted to yield individual compounds having significant activities against the 60 tumor cell lines. Active compounds were tested in mice to determine the maximum tolerated dose, followed by in vivo testing in a hollow fiber assay. Using this strategy, three different compounds identified directly from SCLs are currently being evaluated in human tumor xenografts. This study demonstrates for the first time the use of in vitro cell-based assays to identify antitumor lead compounds from mixture-based combinatorial libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Appel
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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10
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Rapoport B, Chazenbalk GD, Jaume JC, McLachlan SM. The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: interaction with TSH and autoantibodies. Endocr Rev 1998; 19:673-716. [PMID: 9861544 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.19.6.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Rapoport
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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11
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Fecik RA, Frank KE, Gentry EJ, Menon SR, Mitscher LA, Telikepalli H. The search for orally active medications through combinatorial chemistry. Med Res Rev 1998; 18:149-85. [PMID: 9578985 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199805)18:3<149::aid-med2>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The literature of combinatorial chemistry is reviewed with particular attention paid to considerations of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the design and evaluation of libraries containing drug-like molecules. Published libraries are evaluated in particular for the likelihood that the products would possess oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fecik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kansas University, Lawrence 66045-2506, USA
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