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Lee J, Li Y, Cheng JT, Liu IM, Cheng KC. Development of Syringaldehyde as an Agonist of the GLP-1 Receptor to Alleviate Diabetic Disorders in Animal Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:538. [PMID: 38675498 PMCID: PMC11054907 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenolic aldehyde syringaldehyde (SA) has been shown to have an antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats due to increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. To understand the direct effect of SA on the GLP-1 receptor, STZ-induced diabetic rats were used. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, and renal function were measured using specific ELISA kits. The mechanisms of SA effects were investigated using CHO-K1 cells, pancreatic Min-6 cells, and cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. The results indicated that the antihyperglycemic effect of SA in diabetic rats was abolished by blocking the GLP-1 receptor with an antagonist. SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor when using CHO-K1 cells transfected with the exogenous GLP-1 receptor gene. In addition, SA stimulated insulin production in Min-6 cells by activating GLP-1 receptors. SA caused a dose-dependent rise in GLP-1 receptor mRNA levels in cardiac H9c2 cells. These in vitro results support the notion that SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor. Otherwise, SA inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor TNF-α, in type 1 diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, as with liraglutide, SA reduced plasma lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and triglyceride, in mixed diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Intriguingly, chronic treatment with SA (as with liraglutide) reversed the functions of both the liver and the kidney in these diabetic rats. SA displayed less efficiency in reducing body weight and food consumption compared to liraglutide. In conclusion, SA effectively activates GLP-1 receptors, resulting in a reduction in diabetic-related complications in rats. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop SA as a chemical agonist for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenpei Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Da Chien General Hospital, Miaoli City 36052, Taiwan;
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
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Hao B, Yang Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang S. Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2884-2925. [PMID: 38666911 PMCID: PMC11049524 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the occurrence of a large number of infectious and non-communicable diseases poses a serious threat to human health as well as to drug development for the treatment of these diseases. One of the most significant challenges is finding new drug candidates that are therapeutically effective and have few or no side effects. In this respect, the active compounds in medicinal plants, especially flavonoids, are potentially useful compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. They are naturally present in nature and valuable in the treatment of many infectious and non-communicable diseases. Flavonoids are divided into fourteen categories and are mainly derived from plant extraction, chemical synthesis and structural modification, and biosynthesis. The structural modification of flavonoids is an important way to discover new drugs, but biosynthesis is currently considered the most promising research direction with the potential to revolutionize the new production pipeline in the synthesis of flavonoids. However, relevant problems such as metabolic pathway analyses and cell synthesis protocols for flavonoids need to be addressed on an urgent basis. In the present review, new research techniques for assessing the biological activities of flavonoids and the mechanisms of their biological activities are elucidated and their modes of interaction with other drugs are described. Moreover, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, bioparticles, colloidals, etc., are gradually becoming new means of addressing the issues of poor hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability of flavonoids. The present review summarizes the latest research progress on flavonoids, existing problems with their therapeutic efficacy, and how these issues can be solved with the research on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.H.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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3
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou H, Shi X, Yu Y, Yang L, OuYang J, Bian Y, Liu Y, Li G. Puerarin Alleviates Oxidized Oil-Induced Oxidative Injury and Inflammation via Inhibition of the Nrf2/Keap1 and HMGB1/TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathways: An Investigation in a Chicken Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200663. [PMID: 37776050 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Puerarin has possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the protective effects of puerarin on the oxidized oil-induced injury. Here, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of puerarin are described using a chicken model. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 360 broilers are arranged in four treatments. Diets include two types of soybean oil (fresh or oxidized) and two levels of puerarin (0 or 750 mg kg-1 ). Results show that puerarin alleviates oxidized soybean oil-induced hepatic and thymic oxidative injury. This effect is observed by increasing the SOD activity and the expressions of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related genes and reducing the MDA content in the liver and thymus. Moreover, puerarin supplementation decreases the concentrations and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the liver and thymus. The potential mechanism responsible for this is the decrease in the mRNA or protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, and p65 in the liver or thymus. Western blotting results indicate that puerarin also decreases the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38 in the liver and thymus. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates puerarin may be a potential nutrient supplement in the treatment of oxidized oil-induced damage, and the Nrf2/Keap1 and HMGB1/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathways might be its important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Yingmei Yu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin OuYang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Yinhao Bian
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
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Wang T, Wang YY, Shi MY, Liu L. Mechanisms of action of natural products on type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1603-1620. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered a global public health concern. Currently, various therapeutic modalities are available for T2DM management, including dietary modifications, moderate exercise, and use of hypoglycemic agents and lipid-lowering medications. Although the curative effect of most drugs on T2DM is significant, they also exert some adverse side effects. Biologically active substances found in natural medicines are important for T2DM treatment. Several recent studies have reported that active ingredients derived from traditional medicines or foods exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM. This review compiled important articles regarding the therapeutic effects of natural products and their active ingredients on islet β cell function, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Additionally, this review provided an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects on different targets and signaling pathways of natural medicines in the treatment of T2DM as well as a theoretical basis for clinical effective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng-Yue Shi
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
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Shang J, Yan W, Cui X, Ma W, Wang Z, Liu N, Yi X, Guo T, Wei X, Sun Y, Hu H, Cui W, Chen L. Schisandrin B, a potential GLP-1R agonist, exerts anti-diabetic effects by stimulating insulin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112029. [PMID: 37495090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by elevated blood sugar. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) lower blood glucose in a glucose-dependent manner, most of them are macromolecule polypeptides. Macromolecular peptides are relatively expensive and inconvenient compared with small molecules. Therefore, this study sought to identify the small molecules binding to GLP-1R via cell membrane chromatography (CMC), confirm their agonistic activity, and further study its beneficial effects in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a combination of high-fat diet and streptozotocin. We used CMC, calcium imaging and molecular docking techniques to screen and identify the potential small molecule Schisandrin B (Sch B), which exhibits a strong binding effect to GLP-1R, from the small molecule library of traditional Chinese medicine. Through in-vitro experiments, we found that Sch B stimulated insulin secretion in β-TC-6 cells, while GLP-1R antagonist Exendin9-39, adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 could significantly inhibit the insulin secretion induced by Sch B. In vivo, Sch B significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test damage, and the status of pancreatic tissue damage, and reduced serum insulin levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in T2DM mice. These results indicate that Sch B alleviates T2DM by promoting insulin release through the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, suggesting that Sch B may be a potential GLP-1RA, which is expected to provide a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tingli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuzhuo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center (IOMC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China; International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center (IOMC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Teaney NA, Cyr NE. FoxO1 as a tissue-specific therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286838. [PMID: 37941908 PMCID: PMC10629996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins are transcription factors that mediate many aspects of physiology and thus have been targeted as therapeutics for several diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The role of FoxO1 in metabolism has been well studied, but recently FoxO1's potential for diabetes prevention and therapy has been debated. For example, studies have shown that increased FoxO1 activity in certain tissue types contributes to T2D pathology, symptoms, and comorbidities, yet in other tissue types elevated FoxO1 has been reported to alleviate symptoms associated with diabetes. Furthermore, studies have reported opposite effects of active FoxO1 in the same tissue type. For example, in the liver, FoxO1 contributes to T2D by increasing hepatic glucose production. However, FoxO1 has been shown to either increase or decrease hepatic lipogenesis as well as adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, FoxO1 reduces glucose uptake and oxidation, promotes lipid uptake and oxidation, and increases muscle atrophy. While many studies show that FoxO1 lowers pancreatic insulin production and secretion, others show the opposite, especially in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated FoxO1 in the hypothalamus increases the risk of developing T2D. However, increased FoxO1 may mitigate Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with T2D. Conversely, accumulating evidence implicates increased FoxO1 with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Here we review FoxO1's actions in T2D conditions in metabolic tissues that abundantly express FoxO1 and highlight some of the current studies targeting FoxO1 for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Teaney
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
| | - Nicole E. Cyr
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
- Stonehill College, Department of Biology, Easton, MA, United States
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8
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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9
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Could Naringenin Participate as a Regulator of Obesity and Satiety? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031450. [PMID: 36771113 PMCID: PMC9921626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide, since it is associated with multiple metabolic disorders and complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and overall metabolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of the hunger-satiety pathway, which includes alterations of central and peripheral signaling, explains some forms of obesity by favoring hyperphagia and weight gain. The present work comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which naringenin (NAR), a predominant flavanone in citrus fruits, could modulate the main pathways associated with the development of obesity and some of its comorbidities, such as oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as the role of NAR in modulating the secretion of enterohormones of the satiety pathway and its possible antiobesogenic effect. The results of multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NAR has various potentially modulatory biological effects against obesity by countering IR, inflammation, OS, macrophage infiltration, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipose deposition. Likewise, NAR is capable of modulating peptides or peripheral hormones directly associated with the hunger-satiety pathway, such as ghrelin, cholecystokinin, insulin, adiponectin and leptin. The evidence supports the use of NAR as a promising alternative to prevent overweight and obesity.
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Zhou H, Yu Y, Shi X, Zou T, Yang L, OuYang J, Bian Y, Liu Y, Li G. Dietary puerarin supplementation improves immune function in the small intestines of oxidized oil-challenged broilers. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13895. [PMID: 38031207 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin has possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the protective effects of puerarin on the oxidized oil-induced injury. Here, we describe the anti-inflammatory effects of puerarin in chickens. A total of 360 broilers were arranged in four treatments. Diets included two types of soybean oil (fresh or oxidized) and two levels of puerarin (0 or 750 mg/kg). Results showed that puerarin alleviated oxidized soybean oil-induced intestinal immune injury by decreasing the expressions of HSP and pro-inflammatory factor (P < 0.05) and enhancing the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory factor and CATH-1 (P < 0.05) in broilers. Moreover, puerarin supplementation decreased the mRNA abundances of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expressions of A20 and SOCS-1 (P < 0.05) in the small intestine of oxidized soybean oil-challenged broilers. Collectively, this study demonstrates puerarin may be a potential nutrient supplement in the treatment of oxidized oil-induced damage in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingmei Yu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingxin OuYang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinhao Bian
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, China
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11
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Jing X, Zhou J, Zhang N, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou F. A Review of the Effects of Puerarin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233941. [PMID: 36496749 PMCID: PMC9739247 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome related to sugar and lipid metabolic disorders, are the leading causes of premature death around the world. Novel treatment strategies without undesirable effects are urgently needed. As a natural functional ingredient, puerarin is a promising alternative for the treatment of sugar and lipid metabolic disorders. However, the applications of puerarin are limited due to its poor solubility and short half-life. Various drug delivery systems have been investigated to improve the bioavailability of puerarin. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in the beneficial action of puerarin: suppressing the release of glucose and FFA; regulating the transport of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways to decrease the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PPAR signaling pathway to promote β-oxidation; and improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. In addition, the preparation technologies used to improve the bioavailability of puerarin are also summarized in this review, in the hope of helping to promote the application of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
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12
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Li X, Geng-Ji JJ, Quan YY, Qi LM, Sun Q, Huang Q, Jiang HM, Sun ZJ, Liu HM, Xie X. Role of potential bioactive metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1023713. [PMID: 36479195 PMCID: PMC9719995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with persistent hyperglycemia primarily caused by insulin resistance (IR). The number of diabetic patients globally has been rising over the past decades. Although significant progress has been made in treating diabetes mellitus (DM), existing clinical drugs for diabetes can no longer fully meet patients when they face complex and huge clinical treatment needs. As a traditional and effective medical system, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a unique understanding of diabetes treatment and has developed many classic and practical prescriptions targeting DM. With modern medicine and pharmacy advancements, researchers have discovered that various bioactive metabolites isolated from TCM show therapeutic on DM. Compared with existing clinical drugs, these bioactive metabolites demonstrate promising prospects for treating DM due to their excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse reactions. Accordingly, these valuable metabolites have attracted the interest of researchers worldwide. Despite the abundance of research works and specialized-topic reviews published over the past years, there is a lack of updated and systematic reviews concerning this fast-growing field. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the bioactive metabolites derived from TCM with the potential treatment of T2DM by searching several authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Springer Link. For the convenience of readers, the content is divided into four parts according to the structural characteristics of these valuable compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others). Meanwhile, the detailed mechanism and future directions of these promising compounds curing DM are also summarized in the related sections. We hope this review inspires increasingly valuable and significant research focusing on potential bioactive metabolites from TCM to treat DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Geng-Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Quan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu-Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Jian Sun
- Sichuan Ant Recommendation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Chen K, Gao Z, Ding Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Zhai T, Xie W, Jin Z, Zhao L, Liu W. Effect of natural polyphenols in Chinese herbal medicine on obesity and diabetes: Interactions among gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962720. [PMID: 36386943 PMCID: PMC9651142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With global prevalence, metabolic diseases, represented by obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have a huge burden on human health and medical expenses. It is estimated that obese population has doubled in recent 40 years, and population with diabetes will increase 1.5 times in next 25 years, which has inspired the pursuit of economical and effective prevention and treatment methods. Natural polyphenols are emerging as a class of natural bioactive compounds with potential beneficial effects on the alleviation of obesity and T2DM. In this review, we investigated the network interaction mechanism of "gut microbial disturbance, metabolic disorder, and immune imbalance" in both obesity and T2DM and systemically summarized their multiple targets in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, including enrichment of the beneficial gut microbiota (genera Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus) and upregulation of the levels of gut microbiota-derived metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] and bile acids (BAs). Moreover, we explored their effect on host glucolipid metabolism, the AMPK pathway, and immune modulation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory immune cells (M1-like Mϕs, Th1, and Th17 cells); proliferation, recruitment, differentiation, and function; and related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and MCP-1). We hope to provide evidence to promote the clinical application of natural polyphenols in the management of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhou J, Zhang N, Aldhahrani A, Soliman MM, Zhang L, Zhou F. Puerarin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats by regulating hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956688. [PMID: 35958617 PMCID: PMC9359096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the public health problems globally. The occurrence of NAFLD is usually accompanied by a series of chronic metabolic diseases, with a prevalence rate is 25.24% among adults worldwide. Therefore, NAFLD seriously affects the quality of life in patients and causes a large economic burden. It has been reported that puerarin has the function of lowering the serum lipids, but due to the complexity of NAFLD, the specific mechanism of action has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive or ameliorating effects of two doses of puerarin (0.11% and 0.22% in diet) on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced NAFLD in rats. The rats were fed with HFFD-mixed puerarin for 20 weeks. The results showed that puerarin ameliorated the levels of lipids in the serum and liver. Further exploration of the mechanism found that puerarin ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD rats by reducing the expression of Srebf1, Chrebp, Acaca, Scd1, Fasn, Acacb, Cd36, Fatp5, Degs1, Plin2, and Apob100 and upregulating the expression of Mttp, Cpt1a, and Pnpla2. At the same time, after administration of puerarin, the levels of antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were significantly increased in the serum and liver, and the contents of serum and hepatic inflammatory factors (interleukin-18, interleukins-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α) were clearly decreased. In addition, puerarin could ameliorate the liver function. Overall, puerarin ameliorated HFFD-induced NAFLD by modulating liver lipid accumulation, liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhou,
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15
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Sabir U, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Umer I, Niazi ZR, Asjad HMM. Phytochemicals targeting NAFLD through modulating the dual function of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor signaling pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:741-755. [PMID: 35357518 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Literature evidence reveals that natural compounds are potential candidates for ameliorating obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by targeting forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor. FOXO1 has a dual and complex role in regulating both increase and decrease in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and adipose tissues (AT) at different stages of NAFLD. In insulin resistance (IR), it is constitutively expressed, resulting in increased hepatic glucose output and lipid metabolism irregularity. The studies on different phytochemicals indicate that dysregulation of FOXO1 causes disturbance in cellular nutrients homeostasis, and the natural entities have an enduring impact on the mitigation of these abnormalities. The current review communicates and evaluates certain phytochemicals through different search engines, targeting FOXO1 and its downstream cellular pathways to find lead compounds as potential therapeutic agents for treating NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. The findings of this review confirm that polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins are capable of modulating FOXO1 and associated signaling pathways, and they are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD and related complications. HIGHLIGHTS: • FOXO1 has the potential to be targeted by novel drugs from natural sources for the treatment of NAFLD and obesity. • FOXO1 regulates cellular autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipogenesis through alternative mechanisms. • Phytochemicals treat NAFLD by acting on FOXO1 or SREBP1c and PPARγ transcription factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sabir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Alamgeer
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Umer
- Pharmacy Department, Comsat International University Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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16
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Bai YL, Han LL, Qian JH, Wang HZ. Molecular Mechanism of Puerarin Against Diabetes and its Complications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:780419. [PMID: 35058775 PMCID: PMC8764238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a predominant component of Radix Puerarin. Despite its anti-tumor and anti-virus effects and efficacy in improving cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases and preventing osteoporosis, it has been shown to protect against diabetes and its complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Puerarin in diabetes and related complications, aiming to provide an overview of antidiabetic mechanisms of Puerarin and new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Bai
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Ling Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Hui Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Wu Y, Li J, Ding W, Ruan Z, Zhang L. Enhanced Intestinal Barriers by Puerarin in Combination with Tryptophan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15575-15584. [PMID: 34928145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is essential for maintaining human intestinal health. The growing number of studies has shown that both puerarin and tryptophan and its metabolites have a beneficial effect on the intestinal barrier. This study aims at the combination of puerarin and tryptophan or its metabolites for improving the intestinal barrier. In our study, 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) for a 4-week experiment and dextran sodium sulfate was used to induce an intestinal barrier injury in rats. Our results showed that puerarin combined with tryptophan or its metabolites (indole-3-propionic acid, IPA) improved the intestinal barrier by enhancing the mucus layer barrier, which was mainly achieved by increasing the number of goblet cells and promoting the secretion of MUC2. Both TRPM5 and VAMP8 promoted MUC2 secretion in goblet cells through exocytosis, but their mechanisms of action are different. In our study, we found that puerarin and tryptophan showed different effects on TRPM5 and VAMP8, respectively. Puerarin enhances the expression of TRPM5, and tryptophan inhibits the expression of TRPM5; however, puerarin and tryptophan have no significant effect on the expression of VAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenjiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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18
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Ouyang Y, Liu D, Zhang L, Li X, Chen X, Zhao C. Green Alga Enteromorpha prolifera Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Ageing and Hyperglycemia through Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Matched Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100564. [PMID: 34894199 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate the anti-ageing and anti-diabetic effects of Enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide (EPO) in age-matched streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS LC-MS metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing is used to identify the brain metabolites and gut microbiota, respectively. EPO could significantly improve glucose metabolism and activity of total superoxide dismutase in serum. It also could regulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine, and inosine-related metabolic pathways in the brain of aged diabetic mice. Inosine is found to enhance the relative expressions of daf-2, daf-16, and skn-1 in insulin-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, EPO could alter the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in mice. It could upregulate the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1)/B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) pathways in the brain and the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)/FOXO1/Bcl-6 signaling axis in the intestine to regulate glucose metabolite status and ageing in mice. EPO could also improve the levels of glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP1) expression in the gut, thereby inducing high expression of GLP1 receptor in the brain to control glucose metabolites through the brain-gut axis. Enterococcus is negatively correlated with AMP in the brain and could be a potential hallmark species in age-related diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EPO could be a potential novel natural drug for the treatment of diabetes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Ouyang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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19
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Zhang L, Liu L, Wang M. Effects of puerarin on chronic inflammation: Focus on the heart, brain, and arteries. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:317-324. [PMID: 34964013 PMCID: PMC8711227 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated increases in physical and mental stress, known as allostatic load, could lead to a chronic low-grade inflammation in the heart, brain, and arteries. This low-grade inflammation potentially contributes to adverse structural and functional remodeling, such as intimal medial thickening, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia, and cognitive decline. These cellular and tissue remodeling is the fertile soil for the development of age-associated structural and functional disorders in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in the pathogenesis of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Growing evidence indicates that puerarin, a polyphenol, extracted from Puerara Labota, efficiently alleviates the initiation and progression of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, cardiac arrythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic stroke, and cognition decline via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. This mini review focuses on recent advances in the effects of puerarin on the oxidative and inflammatory molecular, cellular, tissue events in the heart, brain, and arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisheng Liu
- National Centre for Cardiovascular DiseaseThe Beijing Hypertension League InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBRCBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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20
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Zheng W, Li L, Li H. Phytochemicals modulate pancreatic islet β cell function through glucagon-like peptide-1-related mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114817. [PMID: 34717897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based therapies have been developed and extensively applied in clinical practice. GLP-1 plays an important role in improving glycemic homeostasis by stimulating insulin biosynthesis and secretion, suppressing glucagon activity, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite and food ingestion. Furthermore, GLP-1 has positive effects on β-cell function by promoting β-cell proliferation and neogenesis while simultaneously reducing apoptosis. Here, we summarize possible mechanisms of action of GLP-1 upon pancreatic islets as well as describe phytochemicals that modulate pancreatic islet β cell function through glucagon-like peptide-1-related mechanisms. Together, this information provides potential lead compound candidates against diabetes that function as GLP-1 receptor-based pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven 06520, USA.
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21
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Yang J, Wu M, Fang H, Su Y, Zhang L, Zhou H. Puerarin Prevents Acute Liver Injury via Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and ZEB2 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727916. [PMID: 34421621 PMCID: PMC8378253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone component extracted from herb radix puerariae, is widely used in China in the treatment of immune diseases and inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that puerarin prevented acute lung injury by regulating inflammatory responses. However, the effect of puerarin on acute liver injury (ALI) was unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the beneficial effects of puerarin when applied to ALI. We found that puerarin inhibited liver injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced acute liver failure and the liver pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in liver tissues with ALI and LPS-induced L-02 cells but upregulated the expression level of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2). Significantly, the results of this study showed that the inhibition of liver pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) production in LPS-induced L-02 cells was caused by ZEB2 overexpression. However, knocking down ZEB2 promoted LPS-mediated secretion of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines in L-02 cells. Additional experiments showed that puerarin inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by elevating ZEB2 expression in L-02 cells. In summary, puerarin most likely prevented activation of the pro-inflammatory factors and reduced LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury by enhancing the ZEB2 expression level and, consequently, blocking activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maomao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Public Basic, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Prasain JK, Barnes S, Wyss JM. Kudzu isoflavone C‐glycosides: Analysis, biological activities, and metabolism. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan K. Prasain
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama Birmingham Alabama United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama Birmingham Alabama United States
| | - J. Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology University of Alabama Birmingham Alabama United States
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Hou BY, Zhao YR, Ma P, Xu CY, He P, Yang XY, Zhang L, Qiang GF, DU GH. Hypoglycemic activity of puerarin through modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function via AMPK. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:818-826. [PMID: 33308602 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the dominant phenotype of diabetes and the main contributor of diabetic complications. Puerarin is widely used in cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, little is known about its direct effects on diabetes. The aim of our study is to investigate its antidiabetic effect in vivo and in vitro, and explore the underlying mechanism. We used type I diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin to observe the effects of puerarin on glucose metabolism. In addition, oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial respiratory activity were evaluated in type I diabetic mice. In vitro, glucose consumption in HepG2 cells was assayed along with the qPCR detection of glucogenesis genes expression. Moreover, ATP production was examined and phosphorylation of AMPK was determined using Western blot. Finally, the molecular docking was performed to predict the potential interaction of puerarin with AMPK utilizing program LibDock of Discovery Studio 2018 software. The results showed that puerarin improved HepG2 glucose consumption and upregulated the glucogenesis related genes expression. Also, puerarin lowered fasting and fed blood glucose with improvement of glucose tolerance in type I diabetic mice. Further mechanism investigation showed that puerarin suppressed oxidative stress and improved hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function with enhancing ATP production and activating phosphorylation of AMPK. Docking study showed that puerarin interacted with AMPK activate site and enhancing phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicated that puerarin exhibited the hypoglycemic effect through attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function via AMPK regulation, which may serve as a potential therapeutic option for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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24
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Lian D, Liu J, Han R, Jin J, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Xian S, Chen Y. Kakonein restores diabetes-induced endothelial junction dysfunction via promoting autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome degradation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7169-7180. [PMID: 34180143 PMCID: PMC8335672 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes‐induced complications, inflammatory‐mediated endothelial dysfunction is the core of disease progression. Evidence shows that kakonein, an isoflavone common in Pueraria, can effectively treat diabetes and its complications. Therefore, we explored whether kakonein protects cardiovascular endothelial function by inhibiting inflammatory responses. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were injected with streptozocin to establish a diabetes model and treated with kakonein or metformin for 7 days. The protective effect of kakonein on cardiovascular endothelial junctions and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was verified through immunofluorescence and ELISA assay. In addition, the regulation of autophagy on the NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated through Western blot, immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR. Results showed that kakonein restored the function of endothelial junctions and inhibited the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Interestingly, kakonein decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome protein by not reducing the transcriptional levels of NLRP3 and caspase‐1. Kakonein activated autophagy in an AMPK‐dependent manner, which reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, kakonein inhibited both hyperglycaemia‐induced cardiovascular endothelial junction dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, similar to autophagy agonist. Our findings indicated that kakonein exerts a protective effect on hyperglycaemia‐induced chronic vascular disease by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The School of Dental Medicine, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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25
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高 俊, 刘 曼, 郭 召, 胡 春, 冯 珍, 严 军. [Puerarin alleviates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice by modulating fetuin B-AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in the liver]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:839-846. [PMID: 34238735 PMCID: PMC8267996 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of fetuin B-AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in mediating the effect of puerarin on hepatic insulin resistance in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE Forty C57BL/6J mouse models of T2DM induced by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomized into diabetic model (HFD) group and 3 puerarin groups for treatment with low-, moderate- and high- dose puerarin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively), with another 10 mice fed a normal diet as the control group. After treatment for 8 weeks, the mice were examined for fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), liver triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. The expression of fetuin B in the liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressions of fetuin B, AMPK, and ACC mRNA in the liver, and the protein expressions of fetuin B, AMPKα1, ACC, P-AMPKαT183/T172, and P-ACC S79 were determined with Western blotting. OBJECTIVE Treatment with moderate- and high-dose puerarin significantly lowered TG, TC, FFA and FBG levels in diabetic mice (P < 0.01). Puerarin at all the 3 doses significantly lowered FINS and HOMA-IR of the mice (P < 0.01). In diabetic mice, hepatic expressions of fetuin B and ACC mRNA increased and AMPK mRNA decreased significantly (P < 0.01); the protein expressions of fetuin B and ACC increased while those of AMPKα1, P-AMPKαT183/T172 and P-ACC S79 decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Puerarin dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of fetuin B and ACC, increased AMPK mRNA and protein expressions of AMPKα1, P-AMPKαT183/ T172, and P-ACC S79, and lowered fetuin B content in the liver of diabetic mice (P < 0.01). OBJECTIVE Puerarin alleviates insulin resistance and improves glucolipid metabolism in T2DM mice by modulating hepatic fetuin B-AMPK/ACC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 俊凤 高
- 上海中医药大学研究生院,上海 201203Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - 曼曼 刘
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - 召平 郭
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - 春平 胡
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - 珍凤 冯
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - 军 严
- 上海中医药大学联合培养单位//上海市嘉定区中医医院内分泌科,上海 201899Cooperation Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine//Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
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26
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Šrámek J, Němcová-Fürstová V, Kovář J. Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction and Its Regulation by Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4285. [PMID: 33924206 PMCID: PMC8074590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure and death contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. One of the main factors responsible for β-cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death is chronic exposure to increased concentrations of FAs (fatty acids). The effect of FAs seems to depend particularly on the degree of their saturation. Saturated FAs induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated FAs in β-cells are not completely elucidated. Saturated FAs induce ER stress, which in turn leads to activation of all ER stress pathways. When ER stress is severe or prolonged, apoptosis is induced. The main mediator seems to be the CHOP transcription factor. Via regulation of expression/activity of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and potentially also through the increase in ROS production, CHOP switches on the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induction. ER stress signalling also possibly leads to autophagy signalling, which may activate caspase-8. Saturated FAs activate or inhibit various signalling pathways, i.e., p38 MAPK signalling, ERK signalling, ceramide signalling, Akt signalling and PKCδ signalling. This may lead to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as well. Particularly, the inhibition of the pro-survival Akt signalling seems to play an important role. This inhibition may be mediated by multiple pathways (e.g., ER stress signalling, PKCδ and ceramide) and could also consequence in autophagy signalling. Experimental evidence indicates the involvement of certain miRNAs in mechanisms of FA-induced β-cell apoptosis, as well. In the rather rare situations when unsaturated FAs are also shown to be pro-apoptotic, the mechanisms mediating this effect in β-cells seem to be the same as for saturated FAs. To conclude, FA-induced apoptosis rather appears to be preceded by complex cross talks of multiple signalling pathways. Some of these pathways may be regulated by decreased membrane fluidity due to saturated FA incorporation. Few data are available concerning molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FAs on the effect of saturated FAs. It seems that the main possible mechanism represents a rather inhibitory intervention into saturated FA-induced pro-apoptotic signalling than activation of some pro-survival signalling pathway(s) or metabolic interference in β-cells. This inhibitory intervention may be due to an increase of membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šrámek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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27
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Zhou H, Ma C, Wang C, Gong L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine monomer for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173976. [PMID: 33639194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of eating habits, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. However, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, it is urgent to find safe, efficient, and economical anti-NAFLD drugs. Compared with western medicines that possess fast lipid-lowering effect, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of NAFLD due to their unique advantages such as multi-targets and multi-channel mechanisms of action. TCM monomers have been proved to treat NAFLD through regulating various pathways, including inflammation, lipid production, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p53 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are considered as important molecular targets for ameliorating NAFLD by TCM monomers. Therefore, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases, this paper updates and summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence of TCM monomers for the treatment of NAFLD in the past six years (2015-2020), thus providing thoughts and prospects for further exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and TCM monomer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yan Z, Shen J, Chang Y, Wang J. ι-Carrageenan Tetrasaccharide from ι-Carrageenan Inhibits Islet β Cell Apoptosis Via the Upregulation of GLP-1 to Inhibit the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:212-222. [PMID: 33353303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ι-Carrageenan performs diversified biological activities but has low bioavailability. ι-Carrageenan tetrasaccharide (ιCTs), a novel marine oligosaccharide prepared by the marine enzyme Cgi82A, was investigated for its effects on insulin resistance in high-fat and high-sucrose diet mice. Oral administration of ιCTs (ιCTs-L 30.0 mg/kg·bw, ιCTs-H 90.0 mg/kg·bw) decreased fasting blood glucose by 35.1% ± 1.41 (P < 0.01) and 27.4% ± 0.420 (P < 0.05), and enhanced glucose tolerance. Besides, ιCTs-L ameliorated islet vacuolization, decreased the β cell apoptosis by 21.8% ± 0.200 (P < 0.05), and promoted insulin secretion by 5.41% ± 0.0173 (P < 0.01) through pancreatic hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, TUNEL staining, and insulin-glucagon immunostaining analysis. Interestingly, ιCTs-L and ιCTs-H treatment increased the incretin GLP-1 content in serum by 22.1% ± 0.402 (P < 0.01) and 10.7% ± 0.0935 (P < 0.05) respectively, through regulating the bile acid levels, which contributed to the inhibition of β cell apoptosis. Mechanically, ιCTs upregulated the expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the GLP-1/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, and further inhibited the expression of cytochrome C and caspase 3 in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, this study suggested that ιCTs alleviated insulin resistance by GLP-1-mediated inhibition of β cell apoptosis and proposed a new strategy for developing potential functional foods that prevent insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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29
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Semwal DK, Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB. Protective and therapeutic effects of natural products against diabetes mellitus via regenerating pancreatic β-cells and restoring their dysfunction. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1218-1229. [PMID: 32987447 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern and an increasing interest has been raised to search for new compounds with therapeutic effects on β-cells. There are chronic insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass in the case of type-2 diabetes which covers about 90% of total diabetic patients. This work aims to critically review the protective and regenerative effects of various antidiabetic natural products on pancreatic β-cells. A thorough literature survey was conducted on the natural molecules and extracts having a protective, regenerative, and repairing effect on β-cells. The primary source of the literature was online scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Besides, selected relevant textbooks were also consulted. Various natural molecules including berberine, curcumin, mangiferin, stevioside and capsaicin, and extracts obtained from the plants like Capsicum annum, Gymnema sylvestre, Stevia rebaudiana and Nymphaea stellate, were found to produce regenerative and anti-apoptosis effects on β-cells. These natural products were also found to increase insulin secretion by stimulating β-cells. The present review concluded that a large number of molecules and extracts, abundantly found in nature, possess antidiabetic effect via targeting β-cells. Further research is warranted to use these agents as a drug against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, India
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Duru KC, Mukhlynina EA, Moroz GA, Gette IF, Danilova IG, Kovaleva EG. Anti-diabetic effect of isoflavone rich kudzu root extract in experimentally induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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31
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Wang C, Yao J, Ju L, Wen X, Shu L. Puerarin ameliorates hyperglycemia in HFD diabetic mice by promoting β-cell neogenesis via GLP-1R signaling activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153222. [PMID: 32361558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is characterized by β-cell loss and dysfunction. A strategy for diabetes treatment is to promote new β-cell formation. Puerarin is an isoflavone from the root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Our previous study demonstrated puerarin could ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, related mechanisms and potential roles of puerarin in β-cell neogenesis have not been elucidated. PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate whether anti-diabetic effect of puerarin is dependent on promoting β-cell neogenesis via GLP-1R signaling activation. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD) induced diabetic mouse model was applied to investigate effects of puerarin in vivo, exendin-4 (GLP-1R agonist) and metformin were used as positive controls. Moreover, related mechanisms and GLP-1R downstream signal transduction were explored in isolated cultured mouse pancreatic ductal cells. RESULTS Puerarin improved glucose homeostasis in HFD diabetic mice significantly. Markers of new β-cell formation (insulin, PDX1 and Ngn3) were observed in pancreatic ducts of HFD mice treated by puerarin. Of note, efficacy of puerarin in vivo was suppressed by GLP-1R antagonist exendin9-39, but enhanced by exendin-4 respectively. In cultured mouse pancreatic ductal cells, puerarin induced expressions of insulin and PDX1, upregulated GLP-1R expression and activated β-catenin and STAT3 subsequently. Expressions of insulin and PDX1 in ductal cells could be blocked by exendin9-39, or β-catenin inhibitor ICG001, or JAK2 inhibitor AG490. CONCLUSION These data clarified puerarin ameliorated hyperglycemia of HFD mice via a novel mechanism involved promoting β-cell neogenesis. Our finding highlights the potential value of puerarin developing as an anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjie Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Waqas M, Qamar H, Zhang J, Yao W, Li A, Wang Y, Iqbal M, Mehmood K, Jiang X, Li J. Puerarin enhance vascular proliferation and halt apoptosis in thiram-induced avian tibial dyschondroplasia by regulating HIF-1α, TIMP-3 and BCL-2 expressions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110126. [PMID: 31918251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram) is a dithiocarbamate pesticide used for crop protection and storage. But, it's widespread utilization is associated with deleterious growth plate cartilage disorder in broilers termed as avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). TD results in non-mineralized and less vascularized proximal tibial growth plate cartilage causing lameness and poor growth performance. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of puerarin against thiram toxicity in TD affected chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were alienated into three equal groups i.e. control, TD and puerarin (n = 80) and were offered standard feed. Additionally, TD and puerarin groups were offered thiram at 50 mg/kg of feed from 4 to 7 days for TD induction followed by puerarin therapy at 120 mg/kg to puerarin group only from 8 to 18 days for TD treatment. Thiram feeding to TD and puerarin group chickens caused lameness, mortality, and increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and growth plate (GP) size and upregulated HIF-1α expression. Besides, the production parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and the expressions of TIMP-3 and BCL-2 were decreased (p < 0.05). Puerarin alleviated lameness, enhanced angiogenesis and growth performance and serum and antioxidant enzymes, decreased apoptosis and recuperated GP width by significantly downregulating HIF-1α and upregulating the TIMP-3 and BCL-2 mRNA and protein expressions in puerarin group chickens (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the toxic effects associated with thiram can be mitigated using puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, District Poonch, 12350, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xiong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
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Dinda B, Dinda M, Roy A, Dinda S. Dietary plant flavonoids in prevention of obesity and diabetes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:159-235. [PMID: 32085882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing chronic metabolic diseases worldwide from mainly lipid and glucose metabolic dysfunctions and their incidence is increasing at an alarming high rate. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation in WAT and liver and is the central player of insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues from chronic inflammation, lipotoxicity and gut dysbiosis, and plays a key role for development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is chiefly characterized by hyperglycaemia from impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Several identified mutant genes in insulin secretion and resistance and various environmental factors are considered responsible for the onset of this disease. Currently available oral synthetic drugs, biguanides, incretin mimetic, GLP-1R and PPAR agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors for management of obesity and diabetes have several adverse effects in patients on long-term use. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of dietary plant flavonoids in prevention and attenuation of obesity and diabetes by the protection and proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells and improvement of their insulin secretory function via activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway as well as in the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the peripheral metabolic tisssues for glucose uptake and utilization via inhibition of inflammation, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. These flavonoids improve GLUT-4 expression and translocation to plasma membrane by activation of insulin-sensitive PI3K/Akt signaling and insulin-independent AMPK, SIRT-1 and MOR activation pathways for regulation of glucose homeostasis, and improve fat oxidation and reduce lipid synthesis by regulation of related genes for lipid homeostasis in the body of obese diabetic animals. In this chapter, we have highlighted all these beneficial anti-obesity and antidiabetic potentials of some dietary plant flavonoids along with their molecular actions, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In addition, the present understanding and management of obesity and diabetes are also focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Arup Roy
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai, Tripura, India
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Bai L, Li X, He L, Zheng Y, Lu H, Li J, Zhong L, Tong R, Jiang Z, Shi J, Li J. Antidiabetic Potential of Flavonoids from Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:933-957. [PMID: 31248265 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders in which high blood sugar levels occur over a prolonged period. Approximately 4% of the global population is affected by DM. Western medical treatment methods for diabetes including injection or oral hypoglycemic drugs have some toxic or side effects, economic pressures, and so on. Many researchers turn to discover new drugs from natural products or Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, and many studies have shown that flavonoids possess antidiabetic properties, exhibiting not only well-recognized antidiabetic and hypoglycemic activities but also activity in the treatment of diabetic complications. In this review, we systematically summarized anti-diabetic flavonoid compounds based on structure classification by examining the PubMed, Springer Link, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. There are 13 flavonoid compounds listed which have been studied extensively and have antidiabetic features respectively. Apigenin, baicalein, and catechin mainly reduces blood glucose via anti-oxidation; hesperidin is good for diabetic neuropathy; glycyrrhiza flavonoids have a significant effect on gestational DM; quercetin takes advantage of crossing the blood–brain barrier and improving renal function. Some compounds have protective and preventive effects on diabetic complications, such as kaempferol and puerarin which are beneficial to cardiomyopathy; myricetin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of DN; dihydromyricetin might improve CI. It is a pity or might be a pointcut that most studies remain in the animal experimental stage, and further investigation should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Li He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Wang S, Yang FJ, Shang LC, Zhang YH, Zhou Y, Shi XL. Puerarin protects against high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating PARP-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and facilitating mitochondrial homeostasis. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2347-2359. [PMID: 31273855 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As yet, there was no effective pharmacological therapy approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of puerarin against NAFLD and explored the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with or without puerarin coadministration intragastrically. The levels of hepatocellular injury, steatosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial and metabolism alteration were detected. First, puerarin ameliorated histopathologic abnormalities due to HFHS. We observed a marked increase in hepatic lipid content, inflammation, and fibrosis level, which were attenuated by puerarin. Possible mechanisms were related to puerarin-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and further improvement in fatty acid metabolism. Puerarin restored the NAD+ content and beneficially affected the hepatic mitochondrial function, which attenuated HFHS-induced steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Finally, hepatic PARP-1 was activated due to excessive fat intake. Puerarin attenuated the PARP-1 expression in HFHS-fed mice, and PJ34, the PARP inhibitor, could mimic these protections of puerarin. However, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K disabled the protection of puerarin or PJ34 toward NAD+ refilling and mitochondrial homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings indicated that puerarin could be a promising and practical therapeutic strategy in NAFLD through modulating PARP-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and further facilitating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa-Ji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Long-Cheng Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Heng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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The Chinese Herbal Formula Shenzhu Tiaopi Granule Results in Metabolic Improvement in Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6976394. [PMID: 31275416 PMCID: PMC6582833 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6976394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the implication of the Chinese herbal formula (CHF) Shenzhu tiaopi Granule (STG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and discuss the mechanisms by which STG regulates the gut microbiota. Method Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and age-matched Wistar (W) rats were acclimatized for 1 week. The GK rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and orally gavaged with saline (model group, M), acarbose (acarbose group, A), and STG (granule of CHF group, G; the component of this formula includes Codonopsis pilosula, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Pinellia, Poria cocos, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Coptis chinensis Franch, and Pueraria). The W rats were orally gavaged with saline (control group, C). The observation time was 8 weeks. The weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and blood lipid levels were tested. The 16S rRNA genes in the V3-V4 region were sequenced, and the structure of the gut microbiota was analysed. Results Compared to C, M displayed significant differences in blood glucose, gut microbiota, etc. (P<0.05; P<0.01). Compared to M, A and G showed a similar reduction in the FBG gain and a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota (P<0.05; P<0.01). Compared with A, G exhibited a significant decrease in weight, FBG level, and total cholesterol (P<0.05). The gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Allobaculum, and Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased in response to the STG treatment, while Lactobacillus was significantly enriched (P<0.05; P<0.01). The community composition also differed at the phylum and genus levels based on the linear discriminant analysis effect size and heat map. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the composition of the gut microbiota was significantly changed in the diabetic GK rats compared with that in the normal W rats. STG treatment can improve glucose and lipid levels and modulate the gut microbiota in T2DM rats.
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Liang C, Hao F, Yao X, Qiu Y, Liu L, Wang S, Yu C, Song Z, Bao Y, Yi J, Huang Y, Wu Y, Zheng L, Sun Y, Wang G, Yang X, Yang S, Sun L, Li Y. Hypericin maintians PDX1 expression via the Erk pathway and protects islet β-cells against glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1472-1487. [PMID: 31337977 PMCID: PMC6643136 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in islet β-cell mass is closely associated with the development and progression of diabetes. Therefore, protection against β-cell loss is an essential measure to prevent and treat diabetes. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of non-photoactivated hypericin, a natural compound, on β-cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, hypericin greatly improved INS-1 cell viability under high-glucose and high-fatty-acid conditions by inhibiting glucotoxicity- and lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) production. Then, we further demonstrated that hypericin elicited its protective effects against glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity in INS-1 cells by attenuating the reduction in pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) expression and Erk activity. In vivo, prophylactic or therapeutic use of hypericin inhibited islet β-cell apoptosis and enhanced the anti-oxidative ability of pancreatic tissue in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice, thus alleviating β-cell loss and maintaining or improving β-cell mass and islet size. More importantly, hypericin treatment decreased fasting blood glucose, improved glucose intolerance and insulin intolerance, and alleviated hyperinsulinaemia in HFHS-fed mice. Therefore, hypericin showed preventive and therapeutic effects against HFHS-induced onset of type II diabetes in mice. Hypericin possesses great potential for development as an anti-diabetes drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.,Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fang Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.,School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shaonian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.,The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Liu J, Shi YC, Lee DYW. Applications of Pueraria lobata in treating diabetics and reducing alcohol drinking. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019; 11:141-149. [PMID: 32831815 PMCID: PMC7434045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is one of the most important medicinal herbs used traditionally in China. According to Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease), it has been used traditionally to relieve body heat, eye soring, dry mouth, headache associated with high blood pressure, and stiff neck problems. Modern studies in the 1970s revealed that isoflavonoids extracted from P. lobata were the bioactive components of an herbal remedy namely Yufeng Ningxin Tablets for the treatment of patients after stroke. This article reviews recent application of P. lobota in the treatment of diabetics and in reducing alcohol drinking. In view of its low toxicity profile, P. lobota stands an excellent chance to be developed as a phytomedicine for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | | | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Shen Y, Yang S, Hu X, Zhang M, Ma X, Wang Z, Hou Y, Bai G. Natural product puerarin activates Akt and ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction in hepatic cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Chen X, Yu J, Shi J. Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Puerarin, a Natural Isoflavone FromPueraria lobata. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 46:1771-1789. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most challenging public health problems globally. The increasing prevalence and mortality rates call for more effective therapeutic agents, especially for DM complications. Traditional herbs have a long clinical application history for DM treatment. Puerarin is a natural isoflavone from Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi which has been consumed both as a functional food and herb in Eastern Asia countries. Documented data has shown that puerarin has cardio-protective, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and many other effects. In this review, we will summarize the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of puerarin on DM and complications. Puerarin may directly benefit DM by decreasing blood glucose levels, improving insulin resistance, protecting islets, inhibiting inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting Maillard reaction and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Furthermore, puerarin may also benefit DM indirectly by retarding and improving a series of DM complications, such as cardiovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, etc. However, comprehensive studies of its effect and mechanisms are needed. In addition, its efficacy is relatively low, which is partially due to its pharmacokinetics profiles. Though puerarin shows low toxicity to experimental animals, its safety on human remains to be clarified. Collectively, we suggest that puerarin might be a potential adjuvant agent for the treatment of DM and DM complications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Hu Y, Xu N, Zhou W, Yang L, Chen R, Yang R, Sun J, Chen H. A New Way for Beta Cell Neogenesis: Transdifferentiation from Alpha Cells Induced by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2583047. [PMID: 31001561 PMCID: PMC6436340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2583047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that alpha cells, especially immature cells and proalpha cells, might be the precursors of beta cells. Exposure to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) can ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice and restore the beta cell mass. In the present study, we adopted single high-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) to model diabetes mellitus (DM) and randomly assigned short-tail (SD) rats to a normal group, a diabetic group, GLP1 groups (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg, and 200 μg/kg), a GLP1 (200 μg/kg) with exendin (9-39) group, and a GLP1 with LY294002 group. We found that the pancreatic insulin-glucagon-positive cell populations increased according to the increase in GLP1 exposure. By contrast, no insulin-amylase-positive cell populations or insulin/pan-cytokeratin cells were observed in the pancreatic sections. The GLP1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) family inhibitor LY294002 not only suppressed protein kinase B (Akt), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1), and mast cell function-associated antigen A (MafA) mRNA expression but also increased MAFB expression. We concluded that treatment with GLP1 might result in beta cell neogenesis by promoting the transdifferentiation of alpha cells but not by pancreatic acinar cells, ductal cells, or the self-replication of beta cells. The regulation on the GLP1 receptor and its downstream transcription factor PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway, which causes increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and MafA mRNA expression but causes decreased MAFB expression, may be the mechanism involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- Department of International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shangxi, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhao H, Luo Y. Effects of three flavonoids from an ancient traditional Chinese medicine Radix puerariae on geriatric diseases. Brain Circ 2018; 4:174-184. [PMID: 30693344 PMCID: PMC6329217 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_13_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the worldwide population ages, the morbidity of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and endocrine diseases, such as diabetes and osteoporosis, continues to increase. The etiology of geriatric diseases is complex, involving the interaction of genes and the environment, which makes effective treatment challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine, unlike Western medicine, uses diverse bioactive ingredients to target multiple signaling pathways in geriatric diseases. Radix puerariae is one of the most widely used ancient traditional Chinese medicines and is also consumed as food. This review summarizes the evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies of the pharmacological effects of the main active components of the tuber of Radix puerariae on geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Duru K, Kovaleva E, Danilova I, van der Bijl P, Belousova A. The potential beneficial role of isoflavones in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res 2018; 59:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhou BG, Zhao HM, Lu XY, Zhou W, Liu FC, Liu XK, Liu DY. Effect of Puerarin Regulated mTOR Signaling Pathway in Experimental Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30405406 PMCID: PMC6206176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive hepatocellular apoptosis is a typical characteristic of hepatic disease, and is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. As the main active component of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) roots, which is frequently used to treat hepatic diseases, Puerarin (Pue) has been reported to alleviate and protect against hepatic injury. However, it is unclear whether Pue can inhibit mTOR signaling to prevent excessive apoptosis in the treatment of hepatic diseases. In the present study, Pue effectively ameliorated pathological injury of the liver, decreased serum enzyme (ALT, AST, γ-GT, AKP, DBIL, and TBIL) levels, regulated the balance between pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), restored the cell cycle and inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in rats with liver injury induced by 2-AAF/PH. Pue inhibited p-mTOR, p-AKT and Raptor activity, and increased Rictor expression in the liver tissues of rats with experimental liver injury. These results indicated that Pue effectively regulated the activation of mTOR signaling pathway in the therapeutic and prophylactic process of Pue on experimental liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Gao Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fu-Chun Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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46
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Puerarin Mitigates Diabetic Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF- β Signaling Pathway Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4545321. [PMID: 30057680 PMCID: PMC6051041 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4545321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder and inflammation are essential promoters in pathogenesis of liver injury in type 2 diabetes. Puerarin (PUR) has been reported to exert beneficial effects on many diabetic cardiovascular diseases and chemical-induced liver injuries, but its effects on diabetic liver injury and its mechanism are still unclear. The current study was designed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of PUR on liver injury in a type 2 diabetic rat model induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were treated with or without PUR (100 mg/kg/day) by gavaging for 8 weeks, and biochemical and histological changes in liver were examined. Results showed that treatment with PUR significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis by regulating blood glucose and ameliorating lipid metabolism disorder. Liver fibrosis was relieved by PUR treatment. PUR inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation which was associated with inactivation of NF-κB signaling, thereby blocking the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and chemokine (MCP-1). This protection of PUR on diabetic liver injury is possibly related with inhibition on TGF-β/Smad signaling. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that PUR attenuated type 2 diabetic liver injury by inhibiting NF-κB-driven liver inflammation and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment option for individuals with type 1 diabetes; however, maintaining islet function after transplantation remains a large challenge. Multiple factors, including hypoxia associated events, trigger pretransplant and posttransplant loss of islet function. In fact, islets are easily damaged in hypoxic conditions before transplantation including the preparation steps of pancreas procurement, islet isolation, and culture. Furthermore, after transplantation, islets are also exposed to the hypoxic environment of the transplant site until they are vascularized and engrafted. Because islets are exposed to such drastic environmental changes, protective measures are important to maintain islet viability and function. Many studies have demonstrated that the prevention of hypoxia contributes to maintaining islet quality. In this review, we summarize the latest oxygen-related islet physiology, including computational simulation. Furthermore, we review recent advances in oxygen-associated treatment options used as part of the transplant process, including up-to-date oxygen generating biomaterials as well as a classical oxygen inhalation therapy.
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Li L, Yin H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Duan C, Liu J, Huang C, Liu S, Yang S, Li X. Protective role of puerarin on LPS/D-Gal induced acute liver injury via restoring autophagy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:957-965. [PMID: 29636885 PMCID: PMC5883136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a destructive liver disorder resulting from overwhelming liver inflammation, oxidative stress and hepatocyte death. Puerarin is a natural flavonoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb radix puerariae. This study investigated the protective effects of puerarin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced liver injury and the potential mechanisms in mice. Mice were given an intraperitoneal administration of puerarin 200 mg/kg 2 h prior to LPS (50 μg/kg)/D-Gal (400 mg/kg) injection and were sacrificed 6 h post LPS/D-Gal treatment. The results showed that administration of puerarin substantially alleviated LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice by increased survival rates, improved liver histopathology, reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, alleviated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, puerarin pretreatment activated autophagy by increased the ratio of LC3B-II/I and the protein levels of Beclin-1, decreased the levels of p62 protein expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that puerarin could prevent the LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury in mice, and its mechanisms might be associated with the increments of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Chaoli Duan
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
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Gao K, Yang R, Zhang J, Wang Z, Jia C, Zhang F, Li S, Wang J, Murtaza G, Xie H, Zhao H, Wang W, Chen J. Effects of Qijian mixture on type 2 diabetes assessed by metabonomics, gut microbiota and network pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:93-109. [PMID: 29391233 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Qijian mixture, a new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula comprising of Astragalus membranaceus, Ramulus euonymi, Coptis chinensis and Pueraria lobata, was designed to ameliorate the type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its safety and efficacy were evaluated in the research by metabonomics, gut microbiota and system pharmacology. To study the hypoglycemic effect of Qijian mixture, male KKay mice (28-30 g, 8-9 week) and C57/BL6 mice (18-19 g, 8-9 week) were used. Thirty KKay diabetic mice were randomly distributed into 5 groups, abbreviated as Model group (Model), Low Qijian Mixture group (QJM(L)), High Qijian Mixture group (QJM(H)), Chinese Medicine (Gegen Qinlian Decoction) Positive group (GGQL), and Western Medicine (Metformin hydrochloride) Positive group (Metformin). C57/BL6 was considered as the healthy control group (Control). Moreover, a system pharmacology approach was utilized to assess the physiological targets involved in the action of Qijian mixture. There was no adverse drug reaction of Qijian mixture in the acute toxicity study and HE result, and, compared with Model group, Qijian mixture could modulate blood glycemic level safely and effectively. Qijian Mixture was lesser effective than metformin hydrochloride; however, both showed similar hypoglycemic trend. Based on 1H NMR based metabonomics study, the profoundly altered metabolites in Qijian mixture treatment group were identified. Qijian mixture-related 55 proteins and 4 signaling pathways, including galactose metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathways, were explored. The PCoA analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Qijian mixture treatment profoundly enriched bacteroidetes. In addition, the system pharmacology paradigm revealed that Qijian mixture acted through TP53, AKT1 and PPARA proteins. It was concluded that Qijian mixture effectively alleviated T2D, and this effect was linked with the altered features of the metabolite profiles and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ran Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guanganmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- FengNing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xin Feng North Road, FengNing, 068350, China.
| | - Caixia Jia
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jinping Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hua Xie
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
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Chen X, Wang L, Fan S, Song S, Min H, Wu Y, He X, Liang Q, Wang Y, Yi L, Gao Q. Puerarin acts on the skeletal muscle to improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats involving μ-opioid receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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