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Bankell E, Liu L, van der Horst J, Rippe C, Jepps TA, Nilsson BO, Swärd K. Suppression of smooth muscle cell inflammation by myocardin-related transcription factors involves inactivation of TANK-binding kinase 1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13321. [PMID: 38858497 PMCID: PMC11164896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MRTFA, and MRTF-B/MRTFB) suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through sequestration of RelA in the NF-κB complex, but additional mechanisms are likely involved. The cGAS-STING pathway is activated by double-stranded DNA in the cytosolic compartment and acts through TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to spark inflammation. The present study tested if MRTFs suppress inflammation also by targeting cGAS-STING signaling. Interrogation of a transcriptomic dataset where myocardin was overexpressed using a panel of 56 cGAS-STING cytokines showed the panel to be repressed. Moreover, MYOCD, MRTFA, and SRF associated negatively with the panel in human arteries. RT-qPCR in human bronchial SMCs showed that all MRTFs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the panel. MRTFs diminished phosphorylation of TBK1, while STING phosphorylation was marginally affected. The TBK1 inhibitor amlexanox, but not the STING inhibitor H-151, reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of MRTF-A. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays supported binding between MRTF-A and TBK1 in SMCs. MRTFs thus appear to suppress cellular inflammation in part by acting on the kinase TBK1. This may defend SMCs against pro-inflammatory insults in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bankell
- Cellular Biomechanics/Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li Liu
- Cellular Biomechanics/Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Qingyuan Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jennifer van der Horst
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Cellular Biomechanics/Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Cellular Biomechanics/Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Cellular Biomechanics/Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Ritsvall O, Albinsson S. Emerging role of YAP/TAZ in vascular mechanotransduction and disease. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12838. [PMID: 38011540 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells have an incredible ability to physically interact with neighboring cells and their environment. They can detect and respond to mechanical forces by converting mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals in a process known as mechanotransduction. This is a key process for the adaption of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells to altered flow and pressure conditions. Mechanical stimuli, referring to a physical force exerted on cells, are primarily sensed by transmembrane proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, which initiate a cascade of intracellular events, including the activation of signaling pathways, ion channels, and transcriptional regulators. Recent work has highlighted an important role of the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ for mechanotransduction in vascular cells. Interestingly, the activity of YAP/TAZ decreases with age, providing a potential mechanism for the detrimental effects of aging in the vascular wall. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the functional role of YAP and TAZ in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells for mechanotransduction in homeostasis and disease. In particular, the review is focused on in vivo observations from conditional knockout (KO) models of YAP/TAZ and the potential implications these studies may have for our understanding of vascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ritsvall
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Molecular Vascular Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Molecular Vascular Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Liu L, Arévalo-Martínez M, Rippe C, Johansson ME, Holmberg J, Albinsson S, Swärd K. Itga8-Cre-mediated deletion of YAP and TAZ impairs bladder contractility with minimal inflammation and chondrogenic differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1485-C1501. [PMID: 37927241 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A role of Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) in vascular and gastrointestinal contractility due to control of myocardin (Myocd) expression, which in turn activates contractile genes, has been demonstrated. Whether this transcriptional hierarchy applies to the urinary bladder is unclear. We found that YAP/TAZ are expressed in human detrusor myocytes and therefore exploited the Itga8-CreERT2 model for the deletion of YAP/TAZ. Recombination occurred in detrusor, and YAP/TAZ transcripts were reduced by >75%. Bladder weights were increased (by ≈22%), but histology demonstrated minimal changes in the detrusor, while arteries in the mucosa were inflamed. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) using the detrusor demonstrated reductions of Myocd (-79 ± 18%) and serum response factor (Srf) along with contractile genes. In addition, the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (Chrm2) and Chrm3 were suppressed (-80 ± 23% and -80 ± 10%), whereas minute increases of Il1b and Il6 were seen. Unlike YAP/TAZ-deficient arteries, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9) did not increase, and no chondrogenic differentiation was apparent. Reductions of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11), myosin light-chain kinase gene (Mylk), and Chrm3 were seen at the protein level. Beyond restraining the smooth muscle cell (SMC) program of gene expression, YAP/TAZ depletion silenced SMC-specific splicing, including exon 2a of Myocd. Reduced contractile differentiation was associated with weaker contraction in response to myosin phosphatase inhibition (-36%) and muscarinic activation (reduced by 53% at 0.3 µM carbachol). Finally, short-term overexpression of constitutively active YAP in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells increased myocardin (greater than eightfold) along with archetypal target genes, but contractile genes were unaffected or reduced. YAP and TAZ thus regulate myocardin expression in the detrusor, and this is important for SMC differentiation and splicing as well as for contractility.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study addresses the hypothesis that YAP and TAZ have an overarching role in the transcriptional hierarchy in the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder by controlling myocardin expression. Using smooth muscle-specific and inducible deletion of YAP and TAZ in adult mice, we find that YAP and TAZ control myocardin expression, contractile differentiation, smooth muscle-specific splicing, and bladder contractility. These effects are largely independent of inflammation and chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | | | - Catarina Rippe
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bharadhwaj RA, Kumarswamy R. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates smooth muscle cell differentiation via KLF4-myocardin axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C940-C950. [PMID: 37642238 PMCID: PMC10635660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00275.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are asymptomatic vascular diseases that have life-threatening outcomes. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction plays an important role in AAA development. The contribution of non-coding genome, specifically the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SMC dysfunction, is relatively unexplored. We investigated the role of lncRNA TUG1 in SMC dysfunction. To identify potential lncRNAs relevant to SMC functionality, lncRNA profiling was performed in angiotensin-II-treated SMCs. AAA was induced by angiotensin-II treatment in mice. Transcriptional regulation of TUG1 was studied using promoter luciferase and chromatin-immuno-precipitation experiments. Gain-or-loss-of-function experiments were performed in vitro to investigate TUG1-mediated regulation of SMC function. Immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying TUG1-mediated SMC dysfunction. TUG1 was upregulated in SMCs following angiotensin-II treatment. Similarly, TUG1 levels were elevated in abdominal aorta in a mouse model of angiotensin-II-induced AAA. Further investigations showed that angiotensin-II-induced TUG1 expression could be suppressed by inhibiting Notch-signaling pathway, both in vitro and in mouse AAA model and that TUG1 is a direct transcriptional target of the Notch pathway. In aneurysmal tissues, TUG1 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of SMC contractile genes. Overexpression of TUG1 repressed SMC differentiation in vitro, whereas siRNA/shRNA-mediated TUG1 knockdown showed an opposite effect. Mechanistically, TUG1 interacts with transcriptional repressor KLF4 and facilitates its recruitment to myocardin promoter ultimately leading to the repression of SMC differentiation. In summary, our study uncovers a novel role for the lncRNA TUG1 wherein it modulates SMC differentiation via the KLF4-myocardin axis, which may have potential implications in AAA development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TUG1 is an angiotensin-II-induced long noncoding RNA that mediates smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction through interaction with transcriptional repressor KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Abishek Bharadhwaj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Regalla Kumarswamy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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5
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Arévalo Martínez M, Ritsvall O, Bastrup JA, Celik S, Jakobsson G, Daoud F, Winqvist C, Aspberg A, Rippe C, Maegdefessel L, Schiopu A, Jepps TA, Holmberg J, Swärd K, Albinsson S. Vascular smooth muscle-specific YAP/TAZ deletion triggers aneurysm development in mouse aorta. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170845. [PMID: 37561588 PMCID: PMC10544211 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate adaption to mechanical forces, including blood pressure, contributes to development of arterial aneurysms. Recent studies have pointed to a mechanoprotective role of YAP and TAZ in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we identified reduced expression of YAP1 in human aortic aneurysms. Vascular SMC-specific knockouts (KOs) of YAP/TAZ were thus generated using the integrin α8-Cre (Itga8-Cre) mouse model (i8-YT-KO). i8-YT-KO mice spontaneously developed aneurysms in the abdominal aorta within 2 weeks of KO induction and in smaller arteries at later times. The vascular specificity of Itga8-Cre circumvented gastrointestinal effects. Aortic aneurysms were characterized by elastin disarray, SMC apoptosis, and accumulation of proteoglycans and immune cell populations. RNA sequencing, proteomics, and myography demonstrated decreased contractile differentiation of SMCs and impaired vascular contractility. This associated with partial loss of myocardin expression, reduced blood pressure, and edema. Mediators in the inflammatory cGAS/STING pathway were increased. A sizeable increase in SOX9, along with several direct target genes, including aggrecan (Acan), contributed to proteoglycan accumulation. This was the earliest detectable change, occurring 3 days after KO induction and before the proinflammatory transition. In conclusion, Itga8-Cre deletion of YAP and TAZ represents a rapid and spontaneous aneurysm model that recapitulates features of human abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Ritsvall
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Armstrong Bastrup
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selvi Celik
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fatima Daoud
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Winqvist
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden, and
- Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Martini AG, Smith JP, Medrano S, Finer G, Sheffield NC, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Ariel Gomez R. Renin Cell Development: Insights From Chromatin Accessibility and Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Circ Res 2023; 133:369-371. [PMID: 37395102 PMCID: PMC10529662 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Martini
- Departments of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason P. Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Silvia Medrano
- Departments of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gal Finer
- Division of Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | - Nathan C. Sheffield
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Departments of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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7
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Yamada S, Ko T, Ito M, Sassa T, Nomura S, Okuma H, Sato M, Imasaki T, Kikkawa S, Zhang B, Yamada T, Seki Y, Fujita K, Katoh M, Kubota M, Hatsuse S, Katagiri M, Hayashi H, Hamano M, Takeda N, Morita H, Takada S, Toyoda M, Uchiyama M, Ikeuchi M, Toyooka K, Umezawa A, Yamanishi Y, Nitta R, Aburatani H, Komuro I. TEAD1 trapping by the Q353R-Lamin A/C causes dilated cardiomyopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7047. [PMID: 37058558 PMCID: PMC10104473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding Lamin A and C (Lamin A/C), major components of the nuclear lamina, cause laminopathies including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, by leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), protein array, and electron microscopy analysis, we show that insufficient structural maturation of cardiomyocytes owing to trapping of transcription factor TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) by mutant Lamin A/C at the nuclear membrane underlies the pathogenesis of Q353R-LMNA-related DCM. Inhibition of the Hippo pathway rescued the dysregulation of cardiac developmental genes by TEAD1 in LMNA mutant cardiomyocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq of cardiac tissues from patients with DCM with the LMNA mutation confirmed the dysregulated expression of TEAD1 target genes. Our results propose an intervention for transcriptional dysregulation as a potential treatment of LMNA-related DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sassa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Okuma
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Imasaki
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kikkawa
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuka Seki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hatsuse
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mikako Katagiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromu Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Momoko Hamano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- Division of Biofunctional Restoration, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Nitta
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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8
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Liu L, Jouve C, Henry J, Berrandou TE, Hulot JS, Georges A, Bouatia-Naji N. Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Depiction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells As Emerging Cellular Models for Arterial Diseases. Hypertension 2023; 80:740-753. [PMID: 36655574 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plasticity is a central mechanism in cardiovascular health and disease. We aimed at providing cellular phenotyping, epigenomic and proteomic depiction of SMCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and evaluating their potential as cellular models in the context of complex diseases. METHODS Human induced pluripotent stem cell lines were differentiated using RepSox (R-SMCs) or PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta; TP-SMCs), during a 24-day long protocol. RNA-Seq and assay for transposase accessible chromatin-Seq were performed at 6 time points of differentiation, and mass spectrometry was used to quantify proteins. RESULTS Both induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols generated SMCs with positive expression of SMC markers. TP-SMCs exhibited greater proliferation capacity, migration and lower calcium release in response to contractile stimuli, compared with R-SMCs. Genes involved in the contractile function of arteries were highly expressed in R-SMCs compared with TP-SMCs or primary SMCs. R-SMCs and coronary artery transcriptomic profiles were highly similar, characterized by high expression of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and coronary artery disease. We identified FOXF1 and HAND1 as key drivers of RepSox specific program. Extracellular matrix content contained more proteins involved in wound repair in TP-SMCs and higher secretion of basal membrane constituents in R-SMCs. Open chromatin regions of R-SMCs and TP-SMCs were significantly enriched for variants associated with blood pressure and coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS Both induced pluripotent stem cell-derived SMCs models present complementary cellular phenotypes of high relevance to SMC plasticity. These cellular models present high potential to study functional regulation at genetic risk loci of main arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Joséphine Henry
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Takiy-Eddine Berrandou
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Adrien Georges
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France (L.L., C.J., J.H., T.-E.B., J.-S.H., A.G., N.B.-N.)
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9
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Zou M, Mangum KD, Magin JC, Cao HH, Yarboro MT, Shelton EL, Taylor JM, Reese J, Furey TS, Mack CP. Prdm6 drives ductus arteriosus closure by promoting ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cell identity and contractility. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163454. [PMID: 36749647 PMCID: PMC10077476 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Based upon our demonstration that the smooth muscle cell-selective (SMC-selective) putative methyltransferase, Prdm6, interacts with myocardin-related transcription factor-A, we examined Prdm6's role in SMCs in vivo using cell type-specific knockout mouse models. Although SMC-specific depletion of Prdm6 in adult mice was well tolerated, Prdm6 depletion in Wnt1-expressing cells during development resulted in perinatal lethality and a completely penetrant patent ductus arteriosus (DA) phenotype. Lineage tracing experiments in Wnt1Cre2 Prdm6fl/fl ROSA26LacZ mice revealed normal neural crest-derived SMC investment of the outflow tract. In contrast, myography measurements on DA segments isolated from E18.5 embryos indicated that Prdm6 depletion significantly reduced DA tone and contractility. RNA-Seq analyses on DA and ascending aorta samples at E18.5 identified a DA-enriched gene program that included many SMC-selective contractile associated proteins that was downregulated by Prdm6 depletion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing experiments in outflow tract SMCs demonstrated that 50% of the genes Prdm6 depletion altered contained Prdm6 binding sites. Finally, using several genome-wide data sets, we identified an SMC-selective enhancer within the Prdm6 third intron that exhibited allele-specific activity, providing evidence that rs17149944 may be the causal SNP for a cardiovascular disease GWAS locus identified within the human PRDM6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zou
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin D. Mangum
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin C. Magin
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heidi H. Cao
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T. Yarboro
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elaine L. Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher P. Mack
- Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Du LJ, Sun JY, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lin WZ, Liu T, Zhu H, Wang YL, Shao S, Zhou LJ, Chen BY, Lu H, Li RG, Jia F, Duan SZ. NCOR1 maintains the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells and protects against aortic aneurysm. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:618-631. [PMID: 36151473 PMCID: PMC9984378 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm (AA). The function of nuclear receptor corepressor1 (NCOR1) in regulation of VSMC phenotype and AA is unclear. Herein, using smooth muscle NCOR1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency decreased both mRNA and protein levels of contractile genes, impaired stress fibers formation and RhoA pathway activation, reduced synthesis of elastin and collagens, and induced the expression and activity of MMPs, manifesting a switch from contractile to degradative phenotype of VSMCs. NCOR1 modulated VSMC phenotype through 3 different mechanisms. First, NCOR1 deficiency increased acetylated FOXO3a to inhibit the expression of Myocd, which downregulated contractile genes. Second, deletion of NCOR1 derepressed NFAT5 to induce the expression of Rgs1, thus impeding RhoA activation. Third, NCOR1 deficiency increased the expression of Mmp12 and Mmp13 by derepressing ATF3. Finally, a mouse model combined apoE knockout mice with angiotensin II was used to study the role of smooth muscle NCOR1 in the development of AA. The results showed that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency increased the incidence of aortic aneurysms and exacerbated medial degeneration in angiotensin II-induced AA mouse model. Collectively, our data illustrated that NCOR1 interacts with FOXO3a, NFAT5, and ATF3 to maintain contractile phenotype of VSMCs and suppress AA development. Manipulation of smooth muscle NCOR1 may be a potential approach for AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Huang T, Cheng J, Feng H, Zhou W, Qiu P, Zhou D, Yang D, Zhang J, Willer C, Chen YE, Mizrak D, Yang B. Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Regulatory Regions Reveal GATA4 Regulation and Function During Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:312-322. [PMID: 36519469 PMCID: PMC10038164 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a fundamental process for heart valve formation and defects in EndoMT cause aortic valve abnormalities. Our previous genome-wide association study identified multiple variants in a large chromosome 8 segment as significantly associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The objective of this study is to determine the biological effects of this large noncoding segment in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based EndoMT. METHODS A large genomic segment enriched for BAV-associated variants was deleted in hiPSCs using 2-step CRISPR/Cas9 editing. To address the effects of the variants on GATA4 expression, we generated CRISPR repression hiPSC lines (CRISPRi) as well as hiPSCs from BAV patients. The resulting hiPSCs were differentiated to mesenchymal/myofibroblast-like cells through cardiovascular-lineage endothelial cells for molecular and cellular analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing was also performed at different stages of EndoMT induction. RESULTS The large deletion impaired hiPSC-based EndoMT in multiple biallelic clones compared with their isogenic control. It also reduced GATA4 transcript and protein levels during EndoMT, sparing the other genes nearby the deletion segment. Single-cell trajectory analysis revealed the molecular reprogramming during EndoMT. Putative GATA-binding protein targets during EndoMT were uncovered, including genes implicated in endocardial cushion formation and EndoMT process. Differentiation of cells derived from BAV patients carrying the rs117430032 variant as well as CRISPRi repression of the rs117430032 locus resulted in lower GATA4 expression in a stage-specific manner. TWIST1 was identified as a potential regulator of GATA4 expression, showing specificity to the locus tagged by rs117430032. CONCLUSIONS BAV-associated distal regions regulate GATA4 expression during hiPSC-based EndoMT, which in turn promotes EndoMT progression, implicating its contribution to heart valve development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxi Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dogukan Mizrak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Daoud F, Arévalo Martínez M, Holst J, Holmberg J, Albinsson S, Swärd K. Role of smooth muscle YAP and TAZ in protection against phenotypic modulation, inflammation, and aneurysm development. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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The complex genetic basis of fibromuscular dysplasia, a systemic arteriopathy associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1241-1255. [PMID: 36043395 PMCID: PMC9434409 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Artery stenosis is a common cause of hypertension and stroke and can be due to atherosclerosis accumulation in the majority of cases and in a small fraction of patients to arterial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Artery stenosis due to atherosclerosis is widely studied with known risk factors (e.g. increasing age, male gender, and dyslipidemia) to influence its etiology, including genetic factors. However, the causes of noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic stenosis in FMD are less understood. FMD occurs predominantly in early middle-age women, a fraction of the population where cardiovascular risk is different and understudied. FMD arteriopathies are often diagnosed in the context of hypertension and stroke and co-occur mainly with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, an atypical cause of acute myocardial infarction. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the understanding of molecular origins of FMD. Data were obtained from genetic studies using complementary methodological approaches applied to familial, syndromic, and sporadic forms of this intriguing arteriopathy. Rare variation analyses point toward mechanisms related to impaired prostacyclin signaling and defaults in fibrillar collagens. The study of common variation, mainly through a recent genome-wide association study, describes a shared genetic link with blood pressure, in addition to point at potential risk genes involved in actin cytoskeleton and intracellular calcium homeostasis supporting impaired vascular contraction as a key mechanism. We conclude this review with future strategies and approaches needed to fully understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms related to FMD.
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14
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Khachigian LM, Black BL, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R, Madonna R, Geng YJ. Transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence: Novel targets for therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107091. [PMID: 35896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) possess a unique cytoplasticity, regulated by transcriptional, translational and phenotypic transformation in response to a diverse range of extrinsic and intrinsic pathogenic factors. The mature, differentiated SMC phenotype is physiologically typified transcriptionally by expression of genes encoding "contractile" proteins, such as SMα-actin (ACTA2), SM-MHC (myosin-11) and SM22α (transgelin). When exposed to various pathological conditions (e.g., pro-atherogenic risk factors, hypertension), SMC undergo phenotypic modulation, a bioprocess enabling SMC to de-differentiate in immature stages or trans-differentiate into other cell phenotypes. As recent studies suggest, the process of SMC phenotypic transformation involves five distinct states characterized by different patterns of cell growth, differentiation, migration, matrix protein expression and declined contractility. These changes are mediated via the action of several transcriptional regulators, including myocardin and serum response factor. Conversely, other factors, including Kruppel-like factor 4 and nuclear factor-κB, can inhibit SMC differentiation and growth arrest, while factors such as yin yang-1, can promote SMC differentiation whilst inhibiting proliferation. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing SMC phenotypic modulation. We propose the concept that transcription factors mediating this switching are important biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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15
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Kamiya T, Yamaguchi Y, Oka M, Hara H. Combined action of FOXO1 and superoxide dismutase 3 promotes MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:106-114. [PMID: 35271779 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2049770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one of SOD isozymes, maintains extracellular redox homeostasis through the dismutation reaction of superoxide. Loss of SOD3 in tumor cells induces oxidative stress and exacerbates tumor progression; however, interestingly, overexpression of SOD3 also promotes cell proliferation through the production of hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we investigated the functional role of SOD3 in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell migration and the molecular mechanisms involved in high expression of SOD3 in MDA-MB-231 cells and human monocytic THP-1 cells. The level of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a marker of gene silencing, was decreased in 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated THP-1 cells. Also, that reduction was observed within the SOD3 promoter region. We then investigated the involvement of H3K27 demethylase JMJD3 in SOD3 induction. The induction of SOD3 and the reduction of H3K27me3 were inhibited in the presence of JMJD3 inhibitor, GSK-J4. Additionally, it was first determined that the knockdown of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) significantly suppressed TPA-elicited SOD3 induction. FOXO1-mediated SOD3 downregulation was also observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, and knockdown of FOXO1 and SOD3 suppressed cell migration. Our results provide a novel insight into epigenetic regulation of SOD3 expression in tumor-associated cells, and high expression of FOXO1 and SOD3 would participate in the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manami Oka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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16
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Kurz J, Weiss AC, Thiesler H, Qasrawi F, Deuper L, Kaur J, Rudat C, Lüdtke TH, Wojahn I, Hildebrandt H, Trowe MO, Kispert A. Notch signaling is a novel regulator of visceral smooth muscle cell differentiation in the murine ureter. Development 2022; 149:274136. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.199735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is transcriptionally controlled by a complex of the DNA-binding protein SRF and the transcriptional co-activator MYOCD. The pathways that activate expression of Myocd and of SMC structural genes in mesenchymal progenitors are diverse, reflecting different intrinsic and extrinsic signaling inputs. Taking the ureter as a model, we analyzed whether Notch signaling, a pathway previously implicated in vascular SMC development, also affects visceral SMC differentiation. We show that mice with a conditional deletion of the unique Notch mediator RBPJ in the undifferentiated ureteric mesenchyme exhibit altered ureter peristalsis with a delayed onset, and decreased contraction frequency and intensity at fetal stages. They also develop hydroureter 2 weeks after birth. Notch signaling is required for precise temporal activation of Myocd expression and, independently, for expression of a group of late SMC structural genes. Based on additional expression analyses, we suggest that a mesenchymal JAG1-NOTCH2/NOTCH3 module regulates visceral SMC differentiation in the ureter in a biphasic and bimodal manner, and that its molecular function differs from that in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kurz
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fairouz Qasrawi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Deuper
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H. Lüdtke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Wojahn
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Morton SU, Quiat D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Genomic frontiers in congenital heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:26-42. [PMID: 34272501 PMCID: PMC9236191 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing to study congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasingly providing new insights into the causes and mechanisms of this prevalent birth anomaly. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies damaging gene variants altering single or contiguous nucleotides that are assigned pathogenicity based on statistical analyses of families and cohorts with CHD, high expression in the developing heart and depletion of damaging protein-coding variants in the general population. Gene classes fulfilling these criteria are enriched in patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities, evidencing shared pathways in organogenesis. Developmental single-cell transcriptomic data demonstrate the expression of CHD-associated genes in particular cell lineages, and emerging insights indicate that genetic variants perturb multicellular interactions that are crucial for cardiogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing analyses extend these observations, identifying non-coding variants that influence the expression of genes associated with CHD and contribute to the estimated ~55% of unexplained cases of CHD. These approaches combined with the assessment of common and mosaic genetic variants have provided a more complete knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of CHD. Such advances provide knowledge to inform the clinical care of patients with CHD or other birth defects and deepen our understanding of the complexity of human development. In this Review, we highlight known and candidate CHD-associated human genes and discuss how the integration of advances in developmental biology research can provide new insights into the genetic contributions to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | - Daniel Quiat
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,
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18
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Shin EY, Yoon YJ, Lee JE, Shim SH, Park GH, Lee DR. Identification of Putative Markers That Predict the In Vitro Senescence of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061301. [PMID: 34073789 PMCID: PMC8225148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory properties, anti-inflammatory molecule secretion, and replacement of damaged cells. Despite these advantages, heterogeneity in functional potential and limited proliferation capacity of MPCs, as well as the lack of suitable markers for product potency, hamper the development of large-scale manufacturing processes of MPCs. Therefore, there is a sustained need to develop highly proliferative and standardized MPCs in vitro and find suitable functional markers for measuring product potency. In this study, three lines of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived MPCs with high proliferative ability were established and compared with bone-marrow-derived MPCs using proliferation assays and microarrays. A total of six genes were significantly overexpressed (>10-fold) in the highest proliferative MPC line (CHA-hNT5-MPCs) and validated by qRT-PCR. However, only two of the genes (MYOCD and ODZ2) demonstrated a significant correlation with MPC senescence in vitro. Our study provides new gene markers for predicting replicative senescence and the available quantity of MPCs but may also help to guide the development of new standard criteria for manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea; (E.-Y.S.); (Y.-J.Y.); (S.H.S.); (G.H.P.)
| | - Yeo-Joon Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea; (E.-Y.S.); (Y.-J.Y.); (S.H.S.); (G.H.P.)
| | - Jeoung Eun Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea;
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea; (E.-Y.S.); (Y.-J.Y.); (S.H.S.); (G.H.P.)
| | - Gene Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea; (E.-Y.S.); (Y.-J.Y.); (S.H.S.); (G.H.P.)
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyunggi-do, Korea; (E.-Y.S.); (Y.-J.Y.); (S.H.S.); (G.H.P.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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A myocardin-adjacent lncRNA balances SRF-dependent gene transcription in the heart. Genes Dev 2021; 35:835-840. [PMID: 33985971 PMCID: PMC8168554 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348304.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Anderson et al. identify a cardiac lncRNA transcribed adjacent to myocardin, named CARDINAL, that antagonizes SRF-dependent mitogenic gene transcription in the heart. They also show that CARDINAL forms a nuclear complex with SRF and inhibits TCF-mediated transactivation of the promitogenic gene c-fos, suggesting CARDINAL functions as an essential RNA cofactor for SRF in the heart. Myocardin, a potent coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), competes with ternary complex factor (TCF) proteins for SRF binding to balance opposing mitogenic and myogenic gene programs in cardiac and smooth muscle. Here we identify a cardiac lncRNA transcribed adjacent to myocardin, named CARDINAL, which antagonizes SRF-dependent mitogenic gene transcription in the heart. CARDINAL-deficient mice show ectopic TCF/SRF-dependent mitogenic gene expression and decreased cardiac contractility in response to age and ischemic stress. CARDINAL forms a nuclear complex with SRF and inhibits TCF-mediated transactivation of the promitogenic gene c-fos, suggesting CARDINAL functions as an RNA cofactor for SRF in the heart.
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20
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Mullany LK, Lonard DM, O’Malley BW. Wound Healing-related Functions of the p160 Steroid Receptor Coactivator Family. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6042238. [PMID: 33340403 PMCID: PMC7814297 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recover and maintain original tissue functions following injury. Injury responses require a robust transcriptomic response associated with cellular reprogramming involving complex gene expression programs critical for effective tissue repair following injury. Steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are master transcriptional regulators of cell-cell signaling that is integral for embryogenesis, reproduction, normal physiological function, and tissue repair following injury. Effective therapeutic approaches for facilitating improved tissue regeneration and repair will likely involve temporal and combinatorial manipulation of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Pleiotropic actions of SRCs that are critical for wound healing range from immune regulation and angiogenesis to maintenance of metabolic regulation in diverse organ systems. Recent evidence derived from studies of model organisms during different developmental stages indicates the importance of the interplay of immune cells and stromal cells to wound healing. With SRCs being the master regulators of cell-cell signaling integral to physiologic changes necessary for wound repair, it is becoming clear that therapeutic targeting of SRCs provides a unique opportunity for drug development in wound healing. This review will provide an overview of wound healing-related functions of SRCs with a special focus on cellular and molecular interactions important for limiting tissue damage after injury. Finally, we review recent findings showing stimulation of SRCs following cardiac injury with the SRC small molecule stimulator MCB-613 can promote cardiac protection and inhibit pathologic remodeling after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bert W O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Bert W. O’Malley, MD, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Kathiriya IS, Rao KS, Iacono G, Devine WP, Blair AP, Hota SK, Lai MH, Garay BI, Thomas R, Gong HZ, Wasson LK, Goyal P, Sukonnik T, Hu KM, Akgun GA, Bernard LD, Akerberg BN, Gu F, Li K, Speir ML, Haeussler M, Pu WT, Stuart JM, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Heyn H, Bruneau BG. Modeling Human TBX5 Haploinsufficiency Predicts Regulatory Networks for Congenital Heart Disease. Dev Cell 2021; 56:292-309.e9. [PMID: 33321106 PMCID: PMC7878434 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of transcriptional regulators causes human congenital heart disease (CHD); however, the underlying CHD gene regulatory network (GRN) imbalances are unknown. Here, we define transcriptional consequences of reduced dosage of the CHD transcription factor, TBX5, in individual cells during cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discovered highly sensitive dysregulation of TBX5-dependent pathways-including lineage decisions and genes associated with heart development, cardiomyocyte function, and CHD genetics-in discrete subpopulations of cardiomyocytes. Spatial transcriptomic mapping revealed chamber-restricted expression for many TBX5-sensitive transcripts. GRN analysis indicated that cardiac network stability, including vulnerable CHD-linked nodes, is sensitive to TBX5 dosage. A GRN-predicted genetic interaction between Tbx5 and Mef2c, manifesting as ventricular septation defects, was validated in mice. These results demonstrate exquisite and diverse sensitivity to TBX5 dosage in heterogeneous subsets of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and predicts candidate GRNs for human CHDs, with implications for quantitative transcriptional regulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan S Kathiriya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Kavitha S Rao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Iacono
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew P Blair
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael H Lai
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bayardo I Garay
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Henry Z Gong
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piyush Goyal
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tatyana Sukonnik
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin M Hu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gunes A Akgun
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laure D Bernard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L Speir
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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22
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Zheng JP, He X, Liu F, Yin S, Wu S, Yang M, Zhao J, Dai X, Jiang H, Yu L, Yin Q, Ju D, Li C, Lipovich L, Xie Y, Zhang K, Li HJ, Zhou J, Li L. YY1 directly interacts with myocardin to repress the triad myocardin/SRF/CArG box-mediated smooth muscle gene transcription during smooth muscle phenotypic modulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21781. [PMID: 33311559 PMCID: PMC7732823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates gene transcription in a variety of biological processes. In this study, we aim to determine the role of YY1 in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation both in vivo and in vitro. Here we show that vascular injury in rodent carotid arteries induces YY1 expression along with reduced expression of smooth muscle differentiation markers in the carotids. Consistent with this finding, YY1 expression is induced in differentiated VSMCs in response to serum stimulation. To determine the underlying molecular mechanisms, we found that YY1 suppresses the transcription of CArG box-dependent SMC-specific genes including SM22α, SMα-actin and SMMHC. Interestingly, YY1 suppresses the transcriptional activity of the SM22α promoter by hindering the binding of serum response factor (SRF) to the proximal CArG box. YY1 also suppresses the transcription and the transactivation of myocardin (MYOCD), a master regulator for SMC-specific gene transcription by binding to SRF to form the MYOCD/SRF/CArG box triad (known as the ternary complex). Mechanistically, YY1 directly interacts with MYOCD to competitively displace MYOCD from SRF. This is the first evidence showing that YY1 inhibits SMC differentiation by directly targeting MYOCD. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the regulatory mechanisms that govern SMC phenotypic modulation in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Pu Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shuping Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shichao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Maozhou Yang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Luyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Donghong Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Claire Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Youming Xie
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hui J Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, 421 E. Canfield Ave. #2146, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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23
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Crystal Structures of Ternary Complexes of MEF2 and NKX2-5 Bound to DNA Reveal a Disease Related Protein-Protein Interaction Interface. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5499-5508. [PMID: 32681840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MEF2 and NKX2-5 transcription factors interact with each other in cardiogenesis and are necessary for normal heart formation. Despite evidence suggesting that these two transcription factors function synergistically and possibly through direct physical interactions, molecular mechanisms by which they interact are not clear. Here we determined the crystal structures of ternary complexes of MEF2 and NKX2-5 bound to myocardin enhancer DNA in two crystal forms. These crystal structures are the first example of human MADS-box/homeobox ternary complex structures involved in cardiogenesis. Our structures reveal two possible modes of interactions between MEF2 and NKX2-5: MEF2 and NKX bind to adjacent DNA sites to recognize DNA in cis; and MEF2 and NKX bind to different DNA strands to interact with each other in trans via a conserved protein-protein interface observed in both crystal forms. Disease-related mutations are mapped to the observed protein-protein interface. Our structural studies provide a starting point to understand and further study the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between MEF2 and NKX2.5 and their roles in cardiogenesis.
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24
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Wu SZ, Roden DL, Wang C, Holliday H, Harvey K, Cazet AS, Murphy KJ, Pereira B, Al-Eryani G, Bartonicek N, Hou R, Torpy JR, Junankar S, Chan CL, Lam CE, Hui MN, Gluch L, Beith J, Parker A, Robbins E, Segara D, Mak C, Cooper C, Warrier S, Forrest A, Powell J, O'Toole S, Cox TR, Timpson P, Lim E, Liu XS, Swarbrick A. Stromal cell diversity associated with immune evasion in human triple-negative breast cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104063. [PMID: 32790115 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour stroma regulates nearly all stages of carcinogenesis. Stromal heterogeneity in human triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) remains poorly understood, limiting the development of stromal-targeted therapies. Single-cell RNA sequencing of five TNBCs revealed two cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) and two perivascular-like (PVL) subpopulations. CAFs clustered into two states: the first with features of myofibroblasts and the second characterised by high expression of growth factors and immunomodulatory molecules. PVL cells clustered into two states consistent with a differentiated and immature phenotype. We showed that these stromal states have distinct morphologies, spatial relationships and functional properties in regulating the extracellular matrix. Using cell signalling predictions, we provide evidence that stromal-immune crosstalk acts via a diverse array of immunoregulatory molecules. Importantly, the investigation of gene signatures from inflammatory-CAFs and differentiated-PVL cells in independent TNBC patient cohorts revealed strong associations with cytotoxic T-cell dysfunction and exclusion, respectively. Such insights present promising candidates to further investigate for new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Z Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel L Roden
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly Holliday
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurélie S Cazet
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke Pereira
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghamdan Al-Eryani
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rui Hou
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James R Torpy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Junankar
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chuan En Lam
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mun N Hui
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Gluch
- The Strathfield Breast Centre, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Beith
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Cindy Mak
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline Cooper
- Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sanjay Warrier
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Joseph Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Clinical Laboratories, Northern Beaches Hospital, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Osman I, He X, Liu J, Dong K, Wen T, Zhang F, Yu L, Hu G, Xin H, Zhang W, Zhou J. TEAD1 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1) Promotes Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Through Upregulating SLC1A5 (Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5)-Mediated Glutamine Uptake. Circ Res 2020; 124:1309-1322. [PMID: 30801233 PMCID: PMC6493685 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: TEAD (TEA domain transcription factor) 1—a major effector of the Hippo signaling pathway—acts as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. However, the function of TEAD1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unclear. Objective: To assess the role of TEAD1 in vascular injury–induced smooth muscle proliferation and delineate the mechanisms underlying its action. Methods and Results: We found that TEAD1 expression is enhanced in mouse femoral artery after wire injury and correlates with the activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling in vivo. Using an inducible smooth muscle–specific Tead1 KO (knockout) mouse model, we found that specific deletion of Tead1 in adult VSMCs is sufficient to attenuate arterial injury–induced neointima formation due to inhibition of mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, we found that TEAD1 plays a unique role in VSMCs, where it not only downregulates VSMC differentiation markers but also activates mTORC1 signaling, leading to enhanced VSMC proliferation. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis, we identified Slc1a5 (solute carrier family 1 member 5)—a key glutamine transporter—as a novel TEAD1 target gene. SLC1A5 overexpression mimicked TEAD1 in promoting mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Moreover, depletion of SLC1A5 by silencing RNA or blocking SLC1A5-mediated glutamine uptake attenuated TEAD1-dependent mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Conclusions: Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which TEAD1 promotes VSMC proliferation via transcriptional induction of SLC1A5, thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and promoting neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Xiangqin He
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology (T.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Fanzhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China (F.Z.)
| | - Luyi Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Guoqing Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
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26
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Wan X, Belanger K, Widen SG, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Garg NJ. Genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca 2+ signaling pathway are alternatively spliced in cardiomyopathy: Role of RBFOX2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165620. [PMID: 31778749 PMCID: PMC6954967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway are implicated in cardiovascular complications of diverse etiologies, though involved molecular mechanisms are not understood. We performed RNA-Seq analysis to profile global changes in gene expression and exon splicing in Chagas disease (ChD) murine myocardium. Ingenuity-Pathway-Analysis of transcriptome dataset identified 26 differentially expressed genes associated with increased mobilization and cellular levels of Ca2+ in ChD hearts. Mixture-of-isoforms and Enrichr KEGG pathway analyses of the RNA-Seq datasets from ChD (this study) and diabetic (previous study) murine hearts identified alternative splicing (AS) in eleven genes (Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Atp2a3, Cacna1c, Itpr1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Pde2a, Plcb1, Plcb4, and Ppp1r12a) of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway in diseased hearts. AS of these genes was validated by an exon exclusion-inclusion assay. Further, Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Plcb1, and Ppp1r12a genes consisted RBFOX2 (RNA-binding protein) binding-site clusters, determined by analyzing the RBFOX2 CLIP-Seq dataset. H9c2 rat heart cells transfected with Rbfox2 (vs. scrambled) siRNA confirmed that expression of Rbfox2 is essential for proper exon splicing of genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway. We conclude that changes in gene expression may influence the Ca2+ mobilization pathway in ChD, and AS impacts the genes involved in cGMP/PKG/Ca2+ signaling pathway in ChD and diabetes. Our findings suggest that ChD patients with diabetes may be at increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure and provide novel ways to restore cGMP-PKG regulated signaling networks via correcting splicing patterns of key factors using oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America
| | - KarryAnne Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
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27
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Nagao M, Lyu Q, Zhao Q, Wirka RC, Bagga J, Nguyen T, Cheng P, Kim JB, Pjanic M, Miano JM, Quertermous T. Coronary Disease-Associated Gene TCF21 Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Blocking the Myocardin-Serum Response Factor Pathway. Circ Res 2020; 126:517-529. [PMID: 31815603 PMCID: PMC7274203 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gene encoding TCF21 (transcription factor 21) has been linked to coronary artery disease risk by human genome-wide association studies in multiple racial ethnic groups. In murine models, Tcf21 is required for phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic tissues and promotes a fibroblast phenotype in these cells. In humans, TCF21 expression inhibits risk for coronary artery disease. The molecular mechanism by which TCF21 regulates SMC phenotype is not known. OBJECTIVE To better understand how TCF21 affects the SMC phenotype, we sought to investigate the possible mechanisms by which it regulates the lineage determining MYOCD (myocardin)-SRF (serum response factor) pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Modulation of TCF21 expression in human coronary artery SMC revealed that TCF21 suppresses a broad range of SMC markers, as well as key SMC transcription factors MYOCD and SRF, at the RNA and protein level. We conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to map SRF-binding sites in human coronary artery SMC, showing that binding is colocalized in the genome with TCF21, including at a novel enhancer in the SRF gene, and at the MYOCD gene promoter. In vitro genome editing indicated that the SRF enhancer CArG box regulates transcription of the SRF gene, and mutation of this conserved motif in the orthologous mouse SRF enhancer revealed decreased SRF expression in aorta and heart tissues. Direct TCF21 binding and transcriptional inhibition at colocalized sites were established by reporter gene transfection assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and protein coimmunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that TCF21 blocks MYOCD and SRF association by direct TCF21-MYOCD interaction. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that TCF21 antagonizes the MYOCD-SRF pathway through multiple mechanisms, further establishing a role for this coronary artery disease-associated gene in fundamental SMC processes and indicating the importance of smooth muscle response to vascular stress and phenotypic modulation of this cell type in coronary artery disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Qing Lyu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Wirka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joetsaroop Bagga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
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28
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Transcription factor TEAD1 is essential for vascular development by promoting vascular smooth muscle differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2790-2806. [PMID: 31024075 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TEAD1 (TEA domain transcription factor 1), a transcription factor known for the functional output of Hippo signaling, is important for tumorigenesis. However, the role of TEAD1 in the development of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is unknown. To investigate cell-specific role of Tead1, we generated cardiomyocyte (CMC) and VSMC-specific Tead1 knockout mice. We found CMC/VSMC-specific deletion of Tead1 led to embryonic lethality by E14.5 in mice due to hypoplastic cardiac and vascular walls, as a result of impaired CMC and VSMC proliferation. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that deletion of Tead1 in CMCs/VSMCs downregulated expression of muscle contractile genes and key transcription factors including Pitx2c and myocardin. In vitro studies demonstrated that PITX2c and myocardin rescued TEAD1-dependent defects in VSMC differentiation. We further identified Pitx2c as a novel transcriptional target of TEAD1, and PITX2c exhibited functional synergy with myocardin by directly interacting with myocardin, leading to augment the differentiation of VSMC. In summary, our study reveals a critical role of Tead1 in cardiovascular development in mice, but also identifies a novel regulatory mechanism, whereby Tead1 functions upstream of the genetic regulatory hierarchy for establishing smooth muscle contractile phenotype.
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29
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See K, Lan Y, Rhoades J, Jain R, Smith CL, Epstein JA. Lineage-specific reorganization of nuclear peripheral heterochromatin and H3K9me2 domains. Development 2019; 146:dev.174078. [PMID: 30723106 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic organization of chromatin within the three-dimensional nuclear space has been postulated to regulate gene expression and cell fate. Here, we define the genome-wide distribution of nuclear peripheral heterochromatin as a multipotent P19 cell adopts either a neural or a cardiac fate. We demonstrate that H3K9me2-marked nuclear peripheral heterochromatin undergoes lineage-specific reorganization during cell-fate determination. This is associated with spatial repositioning of genomic loci away from the nuclear periphery as shown by 3D immuno-FISH. Locus repositioning is not always associated with transcriptional changes, but a subset of genes is upregulated. Mef2c is specifically repositioned away from the nuclear periphery during early neurogenic differentiation, but not during early cardiogenic differentiation, with associated transcript upregulation. Myocd is specifically repositioned during early cardiogenic differentiation, but not during early neurogenic differentiation, and is transcriptionally upregulated at later stages of cardiac differentiation. We provide experimental evidence for lineage-specific regulation of nuclear architecture during cell-fate determination in a mouse cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin See
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Rhoades
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L Smith
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Starke RM, Thompson JW, Ali MS, Pascale CL, Martinez Lege A, Ding D, Chalouhi N, Hasan DM, Jabbour P, Owens GK, Toborek M, Hare JM, Dumont AS. Cigarette Smoke Initiates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Phenotypic Modulation Leading to Cerebral Aneurysm Pathogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:610-621. [PMID: 29348119 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a risk factor for cerebral aneurysm (CA) formation, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Although CSE is known to contribute to excess reactive oxygen species generation, the role of oxidative stress on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation and pathogenesis of CAs is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate whether CSE activates a NOX (NADPH oxidase)-dependent pathway leading to VSMC phenotypic modulation and CA formation and rupture. APPROACH AND RESULTS In cultured cerebral VSMCs, CSE increased expression of NOX1 and reactive oxygen species which preceded upregulation of proinflammatory/matrix remodeling genes (MCP-1, MMPs [matrix metalloproteinase], TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, KLF4 [Kruppel-like factor 4]) and downregulation of contractile genes (SM-α-actin [smooth muscle α actin], SM-22α [smooth muscle 22α], SM-MHC [smooth muscle myosin heavy chain]) and myocardin. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and knockdown of NOX1 with siRNA or antisense decreased CSE-induced upregulation of NOX1 and inflammatory genes and downregulation of VSMC contractile genes and myocardin. p47phox-/- NOX knockout mice, or pretreatment with the NOX inhibitor, apocynin, significantly decreased CA formation and rupture compared with controls. NOX1 protein and mRNA expression were similar in p47phox-/- mice and those pretreated with apocynin but were elevated in unruptured and ruptured CAs. CSE increased CA formation and rupture, which was diminished with apocynin pretreatment. Similarly, NOX1 protein and mRNA and reactive oxygen species were elevated by CSE, and in unruptured and ruptured CAs. CONCLUSIONS CSE initiates oxidative stress-induced phenotypic modulation of VSMCs and CA formation and rupture. These molecular changes implicate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CAs and may provide a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Starke
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.).
| | - John W Thompson
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Muhammad S Ali
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Crissey L Pascale
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Alejandra Martinez Lege
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Dale Ding
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Nohra Chalouhi
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - David M Hasan
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Michal Toborek
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, University of Miami Cerebrovascular Initiative (R.M.S., J.W.T.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (J.M.H.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.S.A., D.M.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (C.L.P., A.M.L., A.S.D.); Department of Neurosurgery (D.D.) and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (N.C., P.J.)
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31
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Chen X, Gao B, Ponnusamy M, Lin Z, Liu J. MEF2 signaling and human diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112152-112165. [PMID: 29340119 PMCID: PMC5762387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) protein family was previously believed to function in the development of heart and muscle. Recent reports indicate that they are also closely associated with development and progression of many human diseases. Although their role in cancer biology is well established, the molecular mechanisms underlying their action is yet largely unknown. MEF2 family is closely associated with various signaling pathways, including Ca2+ signaling, MAP kinase signaling, Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, etc. microRNAs also contribute to regulate the activities of MEF2. In this review, we summarize the known molecular mechanism by which MEF2 family contribute to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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32
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Sun SW, Tong WJ, Guo ZF, Tuo QH, Lei XY, Zhang CP, Liao DF, Chen JX. Curcumin enhances vascular contractility via induction of myocardin in mouse smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1329-1339. [PMID: 28504250 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of cardiovascular diseases is accompanied by the loss of vascular contractility. This study sought to investigate the effects of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound present in turmeric, on mouse vascular contractility and the underlying mechanisms. After mice were administered curcumin (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 6 weeks, the contractile responses of the thoracic aorta to KCl and phenylephrine were significantly enhanced compared with the control group. Furthermore, the contractility of vascular smooth muscle (SM) was significantly enhanced after incubation in curcumin (25 μmol/L) for 4 days, which was accompanied by upregulated expression of SM marker contractile proteins SM22α and SM α-actin. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), curcumin (10, 25, 50 μmol/L) significantly increased the expression of myocardin, a "master regulator" of SM gene expression. Curcumin treatment also significantly increased the levels of caveolin-1 in VSMCs. We found that as a result of the upregulation of caveolin-1, curcumin blocked the activation of notch1 and thereby abolished Notch1-inhibited myocardin expression. Knockdown of caveolin-1 or activation of Notch1 signaling with Jagged1 (2 μg/mL) diminished these effects of curcumin in VSMCs. These findings suggest that curcumin induces the expression of myocardin in mouse smooth muscle cells via a variety of mechanisms, including caveolin-1-mediated inhibition of notch1 activation and Notch1-mediated repression of myocardin expression. This may represent a novel pathway, through which curcumin protects blood vessels via the beneficial regulation of SM contractility.
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33
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Losa M, Latorre V, Andrabi M, Ladam F, Sagerström C, Novoa A, Zarrineh P, Bridoux L, Hanley NA, Mallo M, Bobola N. A tissue-specific, Gata6-driven transcriptional program instructs remodeling of the mature arterial tree. eLife 2017; 6:31362. [PMID: 28952437 PMCID: PMC5630260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Connection of the heart to the systemic circulation is a critical developmental event that requires selective preservation of embryonic vessels (aortic arches). However, why some aortic arches regress while others are incorporated into the mature aortic tree remains unclear. By microdissection and deep sequencing in mouse, we find that neural crest (NC) only differentiates into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) around those aortic arches destined for survival and reorganization, and identify the transcription factor Gata6 as a crucial regulator of this process. Gata6 is expressed in SMCs and its target genes activation control SMC differentiation. Furthermore, Gata6 is sufficient to promote SMCs differentiation in vivo, and drive preservation of aortic arches that ought to regress. These findings identify Gata6-directed differentiation of NC to SMCs as an essential mechanism that specifies the aortic tree, and provide a new framework for how mutations in GATA6 lead to congenital heart disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Losa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Latorre
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Munazah Andrabi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Ladam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Charles Sagerström
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Ana Novoa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peyman Zarrineh
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Bridoux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Endocrinology Department, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moises Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Pagiatakis C, Sun D, Tobin SW, Miyake T, McDermott JC. TGFβ-TAZ/SRF signalling regulates vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. FEBS J 2017; 284:1644-1656. [PMID: 28342289 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) do not terminally differentiate; they modulate their phenotype between proliferative and differentiated states, which is a major factor contributing to vascular diseases. TGFβ signalling has been implicated in inducing VSMC differentiation, although the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. Our goal was to assess the network of transcription factors involved in the induction of VSMC differentiation, and to determine the role of TAZ in promoting the quiescent VSMC phenotype. TGFβ robustly induces VSMC marker genes in 10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and the potent transcriptional regulator TAZ has been shown to retain Smad complexes on DNA. Thus, the role of TAZ in regulation of VSMC differentiation was studied. Using primary aortic VSMCs coupled with siRNA-mediated gene silencing, our studies reveal that TAZ is required for TGFβ induction of smooth muscle genes and is also required for the differentiated VSMC phenotype; synergy between TAZ and SRF, and TAZ and Myocardin (MyoC856), in regulating smooth muscle gene activation was observed. These data provide evidence of components of a novel signalling pathway that links TGFβ signalling to induction of smooth muscle genes through a mechanism involving regulation of TAZ and SRF proteins. In addition, we report a physical interaction of TAZ and MyoC856. These observations elucidate a novel level of control of VSMC induction which may have implications for vascular diseases and congenital vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pagiatakis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie W Tobin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry (CRMS), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Grossi M, Bhattachariya A, Nordström I, Turczyńska KM, Svensson D, Albinsson S, Nilsson BO, Hellstrand P. Pyk2 inhibition promotes contractile differentiation in arterial smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3088-3102. [PMID: 28019664 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulation from contractile to synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells is a central process in disorders involving compromised integrity of the vascular wall. Phenotype modulation has been shown to include transition from voltage-dependent toward voltage-independent regulation of the intracellular calcium level, and inhibition of non-voltage dependent calcium influx contributes to maintenance of the contractile phenotype. One possible mediator of calcium-dependent signaling is the FAK-family non-receptor protein kinase Pyk2, which is activated by a number of stimuli in a calcium-dependent manner. We used the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-4594755 and Pyk2 siRNA to investigate the role of Pyk2 in phenotype modulation in rat carotid artery smooth muscle cells and in cultured intact arteries. Pyk2 inhibition promoted the expression of smooth muscle markers at the mRNA and protein levels under stimulation by FBS or PDGF-BB and counteracted phenotype shift in cultured intact carotid arteries and balloon injury ex vivo. During long-term (24-96 hr) treatment with PF-4594755, smooth muscle markers increased before cell proliferation was inhibited, correlating with decreased KLF4 expression and differing from effects of MEK inhibition. The Pyk2 inhibitor reduced Orai1 and preserved SERCA2a expression in carotid artery segments in organ culture, and eliminated the inhibitory effect of PDGF stimulation on L-type calcium channel and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel expression in carotid cells. Basal intracellular calcium level, calcium wave activity, and store-operated calcium influx were reduced after Pyk2 inhibition of growth-stimulated cells. Pyk2 inhibition may provide an interesting approach for preserving vascular smooth muscle differentiation under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Grossi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ina Nordström
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Xia XD, Zhou Z, Yu XH, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Myocardin: A novel player in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:266-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hsu YH, Li G, Liu CT, Brody JA, Karasik D, Chou WC, Demissie S, Nandakumar K, Zhou Y, Cheng CH, Gill R, Gibbs RA, Muzny D, Santibanez J, Estrada K, Rivadeneira F, Harris T, Gudnason V, Uitterlinden A, Psaty BM, Robbins JA, Adrienne Cupples L, Kiel DP. Targeted sequencing of genome wide significant loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD) reveals significant novel and rare variants: the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) targeted sequencing study. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5234-5243. [PMID: 27616567 PMCID: PMC5837042 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable phenotype that predicts fracture risk. We performed fine-mapping by targeted sequencing at WLS, MEF2C, ARHGAP1/F2 and JAG1 loci prioritized by eQTL and bioinformatic approaches among 56 BMD loci from our previous GWAS meta-analysis. Targeted sequencing was conducted in 1,291 Caucasians from the Framingham Heart Study ( n = 925) and Cardiovascular Health Study ( n = 366), including 206 women and men with extreme low femoral neck (FN) BMD. A total of 4,964 sequence variants (SNVs) were observed and 80% were rare with MAF <1%. The associations between previously identified SNPs in these loci and BMD, while nominally significant in sequenced participants, were no longer significant after multiple testing corrections. Conditional analyses did not find protein-coding variants that may be responsible for GWAS signals. On the other hand, in the sequenced subjects, we identified novel associations in WLS , ARHGAP1 , and 5' of MEF2C ( P- values < 8x10 - 5 ; false discovery rate (FDR) q-values < 0.01) that were much more strongly associated with BMD compared to the GWAS SNPs. These associated SNVs are less-common; independent from previous GWAS signals in the same loci; and located in gene regulatory elements. Our findings suggest that protein-coding variants in selected GWAS loci did not contribute to GWAS signals. By performing targeted sequencing in GWAS loci, we identified less-common and rare non-coding SNVs associated with BMD independently from GWAS common SNPs, suggesting both common and less-common variants may associate with disease risks and phenotypes in the same loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Kannabiran Nandakumar
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ho Cheng
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Richard Gill
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Jireh Santibanez
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Harris
- National Instute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland and Faculty of Medicine,
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology,
and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Group Health Research Institute,
Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A. Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA,
USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Chettimada S, Joshi SR, Dhagia V, Aiezza A, Lincoln TM, Gupte R, Miano JM, Gupte SA. Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H904-H912. [PMID: 27521420 PMCID: PMC5114469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation is critical for contractile activity and regulation of blood flow. Recently, we reported that precontracted blood vessels are relaxed and the phenotype of VSMC is regulated from a synthetic to contractile state by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibition. In the current study, we investigated whether the increase in the expression of VSMC contractile proteins by inhibition and knockdown of G6PD is mediated through a protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent pathway and whether it regulates blood pressure. We found that the expression of VSMC-restricted contractile proteins, myocardin (MYOCD), and miR-1 and miR-143 are increased by G6PD inhibition or knockdown. Importantly, RNA-sequence analysis of aortic tissue from G6PD-deficient mice revealed uniform increases in VSMC-restricted genes, particularly those regulated by the MYOCD-serum response factor (SRF) switch. Conversely, expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is decreased by G6PD inhibition. Interestingly, the G6PD inhibition-induced expression of miR-1 and contractile proteins was blocked by Rp-β-phenyl-1,N2-etheno-8-bromo-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, a PKG inhibitor. On the other hand, MYOCD and miR-143 levels are increased by G6PD inhibition through a PKG-independent manner. Furthermore, blood pressure was lower in the G6PD-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, our results suggest that the expression of VSMC contractile proteins induced by G6PD inhibition occurs via PKG1α-dependent and -independent pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Contractile Proteins/drug effects
- Contractile Proteins/genetics
- Contractile Proteins/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Immunoprecipitation
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/drug effects
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/drug effects
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rats
- Serum Response Factor/drug effects
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Trans-Activators/drug effects
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrutha Chettimada
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sachindra Raj Joshi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Vidhi Dhagia
- Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Alessandro Aiezza
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | | | - Rakhee Gupte
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Wang L, Qiu P, Jiao J, Hirai H, Xiong W, Zhang J, Zhu T, Ma PX, Chen YE, Yang B. Yes-Associated Protein Inhibits Transcription of Myocardin and Attenuates Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell from Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Lineage. Stem Cells 2016; 35:351-361. [PMID: 27571517 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from cardiovascular progenitor cell (CVPC) lineage populate the tunica media of the aortic root. Understanding differentiation of VSMCs from CVPC will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to aortic root aneurysms, and thus, facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents to prevent this devastating complication. It is established that the yes-associated protein (YAP) and Hippo pathway is important for VSMC proliferation and phenotype switch. To determine the role of YAP in differentiation of VSMCs from CVPCs, we utilized the in vitro monolayer lineage specific differentiation method by differentiating human embryonic stem cells into CVPCs, and then, into VSMCs. We found that expression of YAP decreased during differentiation of VSMC from CVPCs. Overexpression of YAP attenuated expression of VSMC contractile markers and impaired VSMC function. Knockdown of YAP increased expression of contractile proteins during CVPC-VSMCs differentiation. Importantly, expression of YAP decreased transcription of myocardin during this process. Overexpression of YAP in PAC1 SMC cell line inhibited luciferase activity of myocardin proximal promoter in a dose dependent and NKX2.5 dependent manners. YAP protein interacted with NKX2.5 protein and inhibited binding of NKX2.5 to the 5'-proximal promoter region of myocardin in CVPC-derived VSMCs. In conclusion, YAP negatively regulates differentiation of VSMCs from CVPCs by decreasing transcription of myocardin in a NKX2.5-dependent manner. Stem Cells 2017;35:351-361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunchang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya School of medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Biologic and Materials Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Cell-Autonomous and Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of a Feeding State-Dependent Chemoreceptor Gene via MEF-2 and bHLH Transcription Factors. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006237. [PMID: 27487365 PMCID: PMC4972359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food and feeding-state dependent changes in chemoreceptor gene expression may allow Caenorhabditis elegans to modify their chemosensory behavior, but the mechanisms essential for these expression changes remain poorly characterized. We had previously shown that expression of a feeding state-dependent chemoreceptor gene, srh-234, in the ADL sensory neuron of C. elegans is regulated via the MEF-2 transcription factor. Here, we show that MEF-2 acts together with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to regulate srh-234 expression as a function of feeding state. We identify a cis-regulatory MEF2 binding site that is necessary and sufficient for the starvation-induced down regulation of srh-234 expression, while an E-box site known to bind bHLH factors is required to drive srh-234 expression in ADL. We show that HLH-2 (E/Daughterless), HLH-3 and HLH-4 (Achaete-scute homologs) act in ADL neurons to regulate srh-234 expression. We further demonstrate that the expression levels of srh-234 in ADL neurons are regulated remotely by MXL-3 (Max-like 3 homolog) and HLH-30 (TFEB ortholog) acting in the intestine, which is dependent on insulin signaling functioning specifically in ADL neurons. We also show that this intestine-to-neuron feeding-state regulation of srh-234 involves a subset of insulin-like peptides. These results combined suggest that chemoreceptor gene expression is regulated by both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous transcriptional mechanisms mediated by MEF2 and bHLH factors, which may allow animals to fine-tune their chemosensory responses in response to changes in their feeding state. Plasticity in chemoreceptor gene expression may be a simple strategy by which an animal can modulate its chemosensory responses in changing external and internal state conditions. However, the transcriptional mechanisms required for these chemoreceptor gene expression changes are poorly understood. Here, we describe the identification of a transcriptional module(s) consisting of MEF-2 and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and their cognate binding sites in Caenorhabditis elegans that act together in ADL sensory neurons to properly regulate expression of a feeding-state dependent chemoreceptor gene. We also showed that chemoreceptor gene expression in ADL neurons are regulated remotely by bHLH factors acting in the intestine through an insulin-mediated signaling pathway, implying a sensory neuron-gut interaction for modulating chemoreceptor gene expression as a function of feeding state. This work describes transcriptional mechanisms mediated by MEF-2 and bHLH factors by which the expression of individual chemoreceptor genes in C. elegans are changed in response to changes in feeding state conditions.
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Speight P, Kofler M, Szászi K, Kapus A. Context-dependent switch in chemo/mechanotransduction via multilevel crosstalk among cytoskeleton-regulated MRTF and TAZ and TGFβ-regulated Smad3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11642. [PMID: 27189435 PMCID: PMC4873981 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and TAZ are major mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators that link cytoskeleton organization to gene expression. Despite many similarities in their regulation, their physical and/or functional interactions are unknown. Here we show that MRTF and TAZ associate partly through a WW domain-dependent mechanism, and exhibit multilevel crosstalk affecting each other's expression, transport and transcriptional activity. Specifically, MRTF is essential for TAZ expression; TAZ and MRTF inhibit each other's cytosolic mobility and stimulus-induced nuclear accumulation; they antagonize each other's stimulatory effect on the α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) promoter, which harbours nearby cis-elements for both, but synergize on isolated TEAD-elements. Importantly, TAZ confers Smad3 sensitivity to the SMA promoter. Thus, TAZ is a context-dependent switch during mechanical versus mechano/chemical signalling, which inhibits stretch-induced but is indispensable for stretch+TGFβ-induced SMA expression. Crosstalk between these cytoskeleton-regulated factors seems critical for fine-tuning mechanical and mechanochemical transcriptional programmes underlying myofibroblast transition, wound healing and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Speight
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8.,Department Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5P 1T5
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8.,Department Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5P 1T5.,Department Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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43
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Shikatani EA, Chandy M, Besla R, Li CC, Momen A, El-Mounayri O, Robbins CS, Husain M. c-Myb Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Adventitial Sca1+ Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Progenitors by Transactivation of Myocardin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1367-76. [PMID: 27174098 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are believed to dedifferentiate and proliferate in response to vessel injury. Recently, adventitial progenitor cells were implicated as a source of VSMCs involved in vessel remodeling. c-Myb is a transcription factor known to regulate VSMC proliferation in vivo and differentiation of VSMCs from mouse embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors in vitro. However, the role of c-Myb in regulating specific adult vascular progenitor cell populations was not known. Our objective was to examine the role of c-Myb in the proliferation and differentiation of Sca1(+) adventitial VSMC progenitor cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using mice with wild-type or hypomorphic c-myb (c-myb(h/h)), BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) uptake and flow cytometry revealed defective proliferation of Sca1(+) adventitial VSMC progenitor cells at 8, 14, and 28 days post carotid artery denudation injury in c-myb(h/h) arteries. c-myb(h/h) cKit(+)CD34(-)Flk1(-)Sca1(+)CD45(-)Lin(-) cells failed to proliferate, suggesting that c-myb regulates the activation of specific Sca1(+) progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. Although expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 did not vary between wild-type and c-myb(h/h) carotid arteries, in vitro differentiation of c-myb(h/h) Sca1(+) cells manifested defective transforming growth factor-β1-induced VSMC differentiation. This is mediated by reduced transcriptional activation of myocardin because chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed c-Myb binding to the myocardin promoter only during differentiation of Sca1(+) cells, myocardin promoter mutagenesis identified 2 specific c-Myb-responsive binding sites, and adenovirus-mediated expression of myocardin rescued the phenotype of c-myb(h/h) progenitors. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for c-Myb in the regulation of VSMC progenitor cells and provide novel insight into how c-myb regulates VSMC differentiation through myocardin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shikatani
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Chandy
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric C Li
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar El-Mounayri
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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MISÁRKOVÁ E, BEHULIAK M, BENCZE M, ZICHA J. Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Excitation-Transcription Coupling in Blood Vessels: Their Possible Interactions in Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling. Physiol Res 2016; 65:173-91. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) display considerable phenotype plasticity which can be studied in vivo on vascular remodeling which occurs during acute or chronic vascular injury. In differentiated cells, which represent contractile phenotype, there are characteristic rapid transient changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), while the resting cytosolic [Ca2+]i concentration is low. It is mainly caused by two components of the Ca2+ signaling pathways: Ca2+ entry via L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and dynamic involvement of intracellular stores. Proliferative VSMC phenotype is characterized by long-lasting [Ca2+]i oscillations accompanied by sustained elevation of basal [Ca2+]i. During the switch from contractile to proliferative phenotype there is a general transition from voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry to voltage-independent Ca2+ entry into the cell. These changes are due to the altered gene expression which is dependent on specific transcription factors activated by various stimuli. It is an open question whether abnormal VSMC phenotype reported in rats with genetic hypertension (such as spontaneously hypertensive rats) might be partially caused by a shift from contractile to proliferative VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. ZICHA
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhu H. Forkhead box transcription factors in embryonic heart development and congenital heart disease. Life Sci 2015; 144:194-201. [PMID: 26656470 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic heart development is a very complicated process regulated precisely by a network composed of many genes and signaling pathways in time and space. Forkhead box (Fox, FOX) proteins are a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of an evolutionary conserved "forkhead"or "winged-helix" DNA-binding domain and able to organize temporal and spatial gene expression during development. They are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism and DNA damage response. An abundance of studies in model organisms and systems has established that Foxa2, Foxc1/c2, Foxh1 and Foxm1, Foxos and Foxps are important components of the signaling pathways that instruct cardiogenesis and embryonic heart development, playing paramount roles in heart development. The previous studies also have demonstrated that mutations in some of the forkhead box genes and the aberrant expression of forkhead box gene are heavily implicated in the congenital heart disease (CHD) of humans. This review primarily focuses on the current understanding of heart development regulated by forkhead box transcription factors and molecular genetic mechanisms by which forkhead box factors modulate heart development during embryogenesis and organogenesis. This review also summarizes human CHD related mutations in forkhead box genes as well as the abnormal expression of forkhead box gene, and discusses additional possible regulatory mechanisms of the forkhead box genes during embryonic heart development that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, 1 Denggao Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
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Dadson K, Turdi S, Hashemi S, Zhao J, Polidovitch N, Beca S, Backx PH, McDermott JC, Sweeney G. Adiponectin is required for cardiac MEF2 activation during pressure overload induced hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26196305 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy and increased heart mass in response to pressure overload are associated with hyper-activation of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family of transcriptional regulators, and concomitant initiation of the fetal gene program. Adiponectin, an adipokine that is reduced in individuals with obesity and diabetes, has been characterized both as a negative regulator or permissive factor in cardiac hypertrophy. We therefore sought to analyze temporal regulation of MEF2 activity in response to pressure overload (PO) and changes in adiponectin status. To address this we crossed a well characterized transgenic MEF2 "sensor" mouse (MEF2-lacZ) with adiponectin null mice (Ad-KO) to create compound MEF2 lacZ/Ad-KO mice. Initially, we established that transverse aortic banding induced PO in wild-type (WT) mice increased heart mass and CM hypertrophy from 1 to 4weeks following surgery, indicated by increased CM diameter and heart weight/tibia length ratio. This was associated with cardiac dysfunction determined by echocardiography. Hypertrophic changes and dysfunction were observed in Ad-KO mice 4weeks following surgery. MEF2 lacZ activity and endogenous ANF mRNA levels, used as indicators of hypertrophic gene activation, were both robustly increased in WT mice after MTAB but attenuated in the Ad-KO background. Furthermore, activation of the pro-hypertrophic molecule p38 was increased following MTAB surgery in WT mice, but not in Ad-KO animals, and treatment of primary isolated CM with recombinant adiponectin induced p38 phosphorylation in a time dependent manner. Adiponectin also increased MEF2 activation in primary cardiomyocytes, an effect attenuated by p38 MAPK inhibition. In conclusion, our data indicate that robust hypertrophic MEF2 activation in the heart in vivo requires a background of adiponectin signaling and that adiponectin signaling in primary isolated CM directly enhances MEF2 activity through activation of p38 MAPK. We conclude that adiponectin is required for full induction of cardiomyocyte MEF2 activation, thus contributing to the myocardial hypertrophic gene expression program in response to PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subat Turdi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Hashemi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nazar Polidovitch
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Beca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Division of Cardiology, University Health Network,Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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Chen X, Qin L, Liu Z, Liao L, Martin JF, Xu J. Knockout of SRC-1 and SRC-3 in Mice Decreases Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Causes a Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Phenotype. Int J Biol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221073 PMCID: PMC4515817 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a congenital heart disease that causes ventricular dysfunction and high mortality rate in children. The mechanisms responsible for NCC are still unknown. The steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and SRC-3 are transcriptional coactivators for nuclear hormone receptors and certain other transcription factors that regulate many genes in development and organ function. However, the roles of SRC-1/3 in heart morphogenesis, function and NCC occurrence are unknown. This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of SRC-1/3 in the heart and investigate the specific roles of SRC-1/3 in heart development, function and NCC occurrence. Immunochemical analysis detected SRC-1/3 expressions in the proliferating cardiomyocytes of mouse heart at prenatal and neonatal stages, while these expressions disappeared within two weeks after birth. Through generating and characterizing mouse lines with global or cardiomyocyte-specific knockouts of SRC-1/3, we found ablation of SRC-1/3 in the myocardial lineage resulted in prominent trabeculae, deep intertrabecular recesses and thin ventricular wall and septum. These developmental defects caused a failure of trabecular compaction, decreased internal ventricular dimension, reduced cardiac ejection fraction and output and led to a high rate of postnatal mortality. Collectively, these structural and functional abnormalities closely simulate the phenotype of NCC patients. Further molecular analysis of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro revealed that SRC-1/3 directly up-regulate cyclin E2, cyclin B1 and myocardin to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, SRC-1/3 are required for cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation at earlier developmental stages, and their dysfunction causes NCC-like abnormalities in the hearts of newborn and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Qin
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Liu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- 2. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; 3. Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Forward Programming of Cardiac Stem Cells by Homogeneous Transduction with MYOCD plus TBX5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125384. [PMID: 26047103 PMCID: PMC4457652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) express many endogenous cardiogenic transcription factors including members of the Gata, Hand, Mef2, and T-box family. Unlike its DNA-binding targets, Myocardin (Myocd)-a co-activator not only for serum response factor, but also for Gata4 and Tbx5-is not expressed in CSCs. We hypothesised that its absence was a limiting factor for reprogramming. Here, we sought to investigate the susceptibility of adult mouse Sca1+ side population CSCs to reprogramming by supplementing the triad of GATA4, MEF2C, and TBX5 (GMT), and more specifically by testing the effect of the missing co-activator, Myocd. Exogenous factors were expressed via doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vectors in various combinations. High throughput quantitative RT-PCR was used to test expression of 29 cardiac lineage markers two weeks post-induction. GMT induced more than half the analysed cardiac transcripts. However, no protein was detected for the induced sarcomeric genes Actc1, Myh6, and Myl2. Adding MYOCD to GMT affected only slightly the breadth and level of gene induction, but, importantly, triggered expression of all three proteins examined (α-cardiac actin, atrial natriuretic peptide, sarcomeric myosin heavy chains). MYOCD + TBX was the most effective pairwise combination in this system. In clonal derivatives homogenously expressing MYOCD + TBX at high levels, 93% of cardiac transcripts were up-regulated and all five proteins tested were visualized. IN SUMMARY (1) GMT induced cardiac genes in CSCs, but not cardiac proteins under the conditions used. (2) Complementing GMT with MYOCD induced cardiac protein expression, indicating a more complete cardiac differentiation program. (3) Homogeneous transduction with MYOCD + TBX5 facilitated the identification of differentiating cells and the validation of this combinatorial reprogramming strategy. Together, these results highlight the pivotal importance of MYOCD in driving CSCs toward a cardiac muscle fate.
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Org T, Duan D, Ferrari R, Montel-Hagen A, Van Handel B, Kerényi MA, Sasidharan R, Rubbi L, Fujiwara Y, Pellegrini M, Orkin SH, Kurdistani SK, Mikkola HK. Scl binds to primed enhancers in mesoderm to regulate hematopoietic and cardiac fate divergence. EMBO J 2015; 34:759-77. [PMID: 25564442 PMCID: PMC4369313 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scl/Tal1 confers hemogenic competence and prevents ectopic cardiomyogenesis in embryonic endothelium by unknown mechanisms. We discovered that Scl binds to hematopoietic and cardiac enhancers that become epigenetically primed in multipotent cardiovascular mesoderm, to regulate the divergence of hematopoietic and cardiac lineages. Scl does not act as a pioneer factor but rather exploits a pre-established epigenetic landscape. As the blood lineage emerges, Scl binding and active epigenetic modifications are sustained in hematopoietic enhancers, whereas cardiac enhancers are decommissioned by removal of active epigenetic marks. Our data suggest that, rather than recruiting corepressors to enhancers, Scl prevents ectopic cardiogenesis by occupying enhancers that cardiac factors, such as Gata4 and Hand1, use for gene activation. Although hematopoietic Gata factors bind with Scl to both activated and repressed genes, they are dispensable for cardiac repression, but necessary for activating genes that enable hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell development. These results suggest that a unique subset of enhancers in lineage-specific genes that are accessible for regulators of opposing fates during the time of the fate decision provide a platform where the divergence of mutually exclusive fates is orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tõnis Org
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc A Kerényi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajkumar Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanna Ka Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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