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Hernandez R, Li X, Shi J, Dave TR, Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhou C. Paternal hypercholesterolemia elicits sex-specific exacerbation of atherosclerosis in offspring. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179291. [PMID: 39253968 PMCID: PMC11385100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that various parental exposures affect offspring cardiovascular health, yet the specific mechanisms, particularly the influence of paternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on offspring cardiovascular health, remain elusive. The present study explores how paternal hypercholesterolemia affects offspring atherosclerosis development using the LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mouse model. We found that paternal high-cholesterol diet feeding led to significantly increased atherosclerosis in F1 female, but not male, LDLR-/- offspring. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted that paternal hypercholesterolemia stimulated proatherogenic genes, including Ccn1 and Ccn2, in the intima of female offspring. Sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), particularly transfer RNA-derived (tRNA-derived) small RNAs (tsRNAs) and rRNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs), contribute to the intergenerational transmission of paternally acquired metabolic phenotypes. Using a newly developed PANDORA-Seq method, we identified that high-cholesterol feeding elicited changes in sperm tsRNA/rsRNA profiles that were undetectable by traditional RNA-Seq, and these altered sperm sncRNAs were potentially key factors mediating paternal hypercholesterolemia-elicited atherogenesis in offspring. Interestingly, high-cholesterol feeding altered sncRNA biogenesis-related gene expression in the epididymis but not testis of LDLR-/- sires; this may have led to the modified sperm sncRNA landscape. Our results underscore the sex-specific intergenerational effect of paternal hypercholesterolemia on offspring cardiovascular health and contribute to the understanding of chronic disease etiology originating from parental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tejasvi R Dave
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Miao D, Ren J, Jia Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Huang H, Gao R. PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays dual roles during endoderm differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:242. [PMID: 38664733 PMCID: PMC11046865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired box 1 (PAX1) is a transcription factor and essential for the development of pharyngeal pouches-derived tissues, including thymus. PAX1 mutations are identified in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) patients with Otofaciocervical Syndrome Type 2 (OTFCS2). However, despite the critical roles of PAX1 in embryonic development and diseases, detailed insights into its molecular mode of action are critically missing. METHODS The repressing roles of PAX1 and SCID associated mutants on Wnt signaling pathway were investigated by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization in HEK293FT, HCT116 cells and zebrafish embryos, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and western blotting assays were carried out to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying PAX1's role on Wnt signaling pathway. hESC based endoderm differentiation, flow cytometry, high-throughput sequencing data analysis, and qRT-PCR assays were utilized to determine the roles of PAX1 during endoderm differentiation. RESULTS Here, we show that PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vertebrate cells. Mechanically, PAX1 competes with SUMO E3 ligase PIASy to bind to TCF7L2, thus perturbing TCF7L2 SUMOylation level, further reducing its transcriptional activity and protein stability. Moreover, we reveal that PAX1 plays dual roles in hESC-derived definitive and foregut/pharyngeal endoderm cells, which give rise to the thymus epithelium, by inhibiting Wnt signaling. Importantly, our data show PAX1 mutations found in SCID patients significantly compromise the suppressing ability of PAX1 on Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a novel molecular mode of action of PAX1 in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and endoderm differentiation, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of PAX1 associated SCID, offering better understanding of the behavior of PAX1 in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxiu Miao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huizhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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3
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Loerch C, Szepanowski LP, Reiss J, Adjaye J, Graffmann N. Forskolin induces FXR expression and enhances maturation of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1383928. [PMID: 38694820 PMCID: PMC11061433 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1383928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) is a powerful tool for studying liver diseases, their therapy as well as drug development. iPSC-derived disease models benefit from their diverse origin of patients, enabling the study of disease-associated mutations and, when considering more than one iPSC line to reflect a more diverse genetic background compared to immortalized cell lines. Unfortunately, the use of iPSC-derived HLCs is limited due to their lack of maturity and a rather fetal phenotype. Commercial kits and complicated 3D-protocols are cost- and time-intensive and hardly useable for smaller working groups. In this study, we optimized our previously published protocol by fine-tuning the initial cell number, exchanging antibiotics and basal medium composition and introducing the small molecule forskolin during the HLC maturation step. We thereby contribute to the liver research field by providing a simple, cost- and time-effective 2D differentiation protocol. We generate functional HLCs with significantly increased HLC hallmark gene (ALB, HNF4α, and CYP3A4) and protein (ALB) expression, as well as significantly elevated inducible CYP3A4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Loerch
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leon-Phillip Szepanowski
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Reiss
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University College London, EGA Institute for Women`s Health- Zayed Center for Research Into Rare Diseases in Children (ZGR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kamaletdinova T, Zong W, Urbánek P, Wang S, Sannai M, Grigaravičius P, Sun W, Fanaei-Kahrani Z, Mangerich A, Hottiger MO, Li T, Wang ZQ. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Lacking Enzymatic Activity Is Not Compatible with Mouse Development. Cells 2023; 12:2078. [PMID: 37626888 PMCID: PMC10453916 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) binds DNA lesions to catalyse poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) using NAD+ as a substrate. PARP1 plays multiple roles in cellular activities, including DNA repair, transcription, cell death, and chromatin remodelling. However, whether these functions are governed by the enzymatic activity or scaffolding function of PARP1 remains elusive. In this study, we inactivated in mice the enzymatic activity of PARP1 by truncating its C-terminus that is essential for ART catalysis (PARP1ΔC/ΔC, designated as PARP1-ΔC). The mutation caused embryonic lethality between embryonic day E8.5 and E13.5, in stark contrast to PARP1 complete knockout (PARP1-/-) mice, which are viable. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines can be derived from PARP1ΔC/ΔC blastocysts, and these mutant ES cells can differentiate into all three germ layers, yet, with a high degree of cystic structures, indicating defects in epithelial cells. Intriguingly, PARP1-ΔC protein is expressed at very low levels compared to its full-length counterpart, suggesting a selective advantage for cell survival. Noticeably, PARP2 is particularly elevated and permanently present at the chromatin in PARP1-ΔC cells, indicating an engagement of PARP2 by non-enzymatic PARP1 protein at the chromatin. Surprisingly, the introduction of PARP1-ΔC mutation in adult mice did not impair their viability; yet, these mutant mice are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, similar to PARP1-/- mutant mice. Our study demonstrates that the catalytically inactive mutant of PARP1 causes the developmental block, plausibly involving PARP2 trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kamaletdinova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Mara Sannai
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Paulius Grigaravičius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wenli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zahra Fanaei-Kahrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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Dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 for IAP silencing in endoderm. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5447. [PMID: 36123357 PMCID: PMC9485127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. On ERVs, these modifications are mainly deposited by the histone methyltransferase Setdb1 and by the maintenance DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1. Knock-out of either Setdb1 or Dnmt1 leads to ERV de-repression in various cell types. However, it is currently not known if H3K9me3 and DNA methylation depend on each other for ERV silencing. Here we show that conditional knock-out of Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in visceral endoderm (VE) descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm (DE). Deletion of Setdb1 in VE progenitors results in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of Intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In DE, loss of Setdb1 does not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 knock-out results in IAP de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 is unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 for IAP silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest that Setdb1-meditated H3K9me3 is not sufficient for IAP silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation. Silencing of endogenous retroviruses is crucial for maintaining transcriptional and genomic integrity of cells and is maintained by histone H3K9 methylation and/or DNA methylation in various cell types. Here the authors show that loss of DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 in endoderm results in ERV derepression while H3K9me3 is unaltered.
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6
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Sampson L, Wong J, Wright CV, Magnuson MA. Differential regulation of alternate promoter regions in Sox17 during endodermal and vascular endothelial development. iScience 2022; 25:104905. [PMID: 36046192 PMCID: PMC9421400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox17 gene expression is essential for both endothelial and endodermal cell differentiation. To better understand the genetic basis for the expression of multiple Sox17 mRNA forms, we identified and performed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of two evolutionarily conserved promoter regions (CRs). The deletion of the upstream and endothelial cell-specific CR1 caused only a modest increase in lympho-vasculogenesis likely via reduced Notch signaling downstream of SOX17. In contrast, the deletion of the downstream CR2 region, which functions in both endothelial and endodermal cells, impairs both vascular and endodermal development causing death by embryonic day 12.5. Analyses of 3D chromatin looping, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility data at the Sox17 locus and surrounding region further support differential regulation of the two promoters during the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T. Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leesa Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Wong
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chris V.E. Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Hashmi A, Tlili S, Perrin P, Lowndes M, Peradziryi H, Brickman JM, Martínez Arias A, Lenne PF. Cell-state transitions and collective cell movement generate an endoderm-like region in gastruloids. eLife 2022; 11:59371. [PMID: 35404233 PMCID: PMC9033300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaping the animal body plan is a complex process that involves the spatial organization and patterning of the different germ layers. Recent advances in live imaging have started to unravel the cellular choreography underlying this process in mammals, however, the sequence of events transforming an unpatterned cell ensemble into structured territories is largely unknown. Here, using gastruloids –3D aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells- we study the formation of one of the three germ layers, the endoderm. We show that the endoderm is generated from an epiblast-like homogeneous state by a three-step mechanism: (i) a loss of E-cadherin mediated contacts in parts of the aggregate leading to the appearance of islands of E-cadherin expressing cells surrounded by cells devoid of E-cadherin, (ii) a separation of these two populations with islands of E-cadherin expressing cells flowing toward the aggregate tip, and (iii) their differentiation into an endoderm population. During the flow, the islands of E-cadherin expressing cells are surrounded by cells expressing T-Brachyury, reminiscent of the process occurring at the primitive streak. Consistent with recent in vivo observations, the endoderm formation in the gastruloids does not require an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, but rather a maintenance of an epithelial state for a subset of cells coupled with fragmentation of E-cadherin contacts in the vicinity, and a sorting process. Our data emphasize the role of signaling and tissue flows in the establishment of the body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sham Tlili
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Perrin
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Molly Lowndes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Peradziryi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Li Y, Xia Z, Yin H, Dai Y, Li F, Chen J, Qiu M, Huang H. An efficient method of inducing differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into primitive endodermal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:156-163. [PMID: 35202849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Primitive Endoderm (PrE) is an extraembryonic structure derived from inner cell mass (ICM) in the blastocysts. Its interaction with the epiblast is critical to sustain embryonic growth and embryonic pattern. In this study, we reported a simple and efficient method to induce the differentiation of mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs) into PrE cells. In the process of ESC monolayer adherent culture, 1 μM atRA and 10 μM CHIR inducers were used to activate RA and Wnt signaling pathways respectively. After 9 days of differentiation, the proportion of PrE cells was up to 85%. Further studies indicated that Wnt signaling pathway acted as a switch that RA induces mESCs differentiation between SMC and PrE cell. In the presence of only RA signaling, mESCs adopted the fate of smooth muscle cells (SMCs); Simultaneous activation of the Wnt signaling pathway changed the differentiation fate of mESCs into PrE cells. This efficient induction method can provide new cellular resources and models for relevant studies of PrE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhiyu Xia
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Haihong Yin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Youran Dai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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9
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Graffmann N, Scherer B, Adjaye J. In vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte like cells - basic principles and current progress. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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10
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Pedone E, Failli M, Gambardella G, De Cegli R, La Regina A, di Bernardo D, Marucci L. β-catenin perturbations control differentiation programs in mouse embryonic stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:103756. [PMID: 35128356 PMCID: PMC8804270 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in development, cancer, and embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance; its dual role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is still controversial. Here, by applying an in vitro system enabling inducible gene expression control, we report that moderate induction of transcriptionally active exogenous β-catenin in β-catenin null mouse ESCs promotes epiblast-like cell (EpiLC) derivation in vitro. Instead, in wild-type cells, moderate chemical pre-activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes EpiLC in vitro derivation. Finally, we suggest that moderate β-catenin levels in β-catenin null mouse ESCs favor early stem cell commitment toward mesoderm if the exogenous protein is induced only in the “ground state” of pluripotency condition, or endoderm if the induction is maintained during the differentiation. Overall, our results confirm previous findings about the role of β-catenin in pluripotency and differentiation, while indicating a role for its doses in promoting specific differentiation programs. Moderate β-catenin levels promote EpiLCs derivation in vitro Chemical pre-activation of the Wnt pathway enhances ESC-EpiLC transition β-catenin overexpression tips the balance between mesoderm and endoderm Cell fate is influenced by the extent of β-catenin induction
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11
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Pour M, Kumar AS, Farag N, Bolondi A, Kretzmer H, Walther M, Wittler L, Meissner A, Nachman I. Emergence and patterning dynamics of mouse-definitive endoderm. iScience 2022; 25:103556. [PMID: 34988400 PMCID: PMC8693470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The segregation of definitive endoderm (DE) from bipotent mesendoderm progenitors leads to the formation of two distinct germ layers. Dissecting DE commitment and onset has been challenging as it occurs within a narrow spatiotemporal window in the embryo. Here, we employ a dual Bra/Sox17 reporter cell line to study DE onset dynamics. We find Sox17 expression initiates in vivo in isolated cells within a temporally restricted window. In 2D and 3D in vitro models, DE cells emerge from mesendoderm progenitors at a temporally regular, but spatially stochastic pattern, which is subsequently arranged by self-sorting of Sox17 + cells. A subpopulation of Bra-high cells commits to a Sox17+ fate independent of external Wnt signal. Self-sorting coincides with upregulation of E-cadherin but is not necessary for DE differentiation or proliferation. Our in vivo and in vitro results highlight basic rules governing DE onset and patterning through the commonalities and differences between these systems. Sox17 onsets in a few isolated cells within Bra-expressing population Sox17 onset followed by expansion and self-sorting Final number of Sox17+ cells does not depend on self-sorting or cell movement The DE segregation pattern is similar in in vivo and in 2D, 3D in vitro systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Pour
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Abhishek Sampath Kumar
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Naama Farag
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adriano Bolondi
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Walther
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wittler
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iftach Nachman
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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12
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Della Gaspera B, Weill L, Chanoine C. Evolution of Somite Compartmentalization: A View From Xenopus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790847. [PMID: 35111756 PMCID: PMC8802780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites are transitory metameric structures at the basis of the axial organization of vertebrate musculoskeletal system. During evolution, somites appear in the chordate phylum and compartmentalize mainly into the dermomyotome, the myotome, and the sclerotome in vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the existing literature about somite compartmentalization in Xenopus and compared it with other anamniote and amniote vertebrates. We also present and discuss a model that describes the evolutionary history of somite compartmentalization from ancestral chordates to amniote vertebrates. We propose that the ancestral organization of chordate somite, subdivided into a lateral compartment of multipotent somitic cells (MSCs) and a medial primitive myotome, evolves through two major transitions. From ancestral chordates to vertebrates, the cell potency of MSCs may have evolved and gave rise to all new vertebrate compartments, i.e., the dermomyome, its hypaxial region, and the sclerotome. From anamniote to amniote vertebrates, the lateral MSC territory may expand to the whole somite at the expense of primitive myotome and may probably facilitate sclerotome formation. We propose that successive modifications of the cell potency of some type of embryonic progenitors could be one of major processes of the vertebrate evolution.
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13
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Ashmore-Harris C, Fruhwirth GO. Generation of In Vivo Traceable Hepatocyte-Like Cells from Human iPSCs. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2544:15-49. [PMID: 36125708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2557-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a protocol for differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and their transduction with a lentivirus for gene transfer. Here, we engineer them to express the human sodium iodide symporter, which can be exploited as a radionuclide reporter gene, thereby enabling these cells to be tracked in vivo by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Differentiation of HLCs from iPSCs involves three steps: induction of iPSCs to definitive endoderm, differentiation to a hepatic progenitor cell population, and maturation of immature HLCs. Once proliferation of hepatic progenitors has ceased and an immature HLC population is generated, lentiviral transduction can be performed. The immature hepatic gene expression profile/morphology at the stage of transduction will be compatible with further maturation following transgene expression either in vitro or in vivo, with expression of the transgene retained. We detail how transgenic cells can be imaged in vivo. While we provide a protocol for the NIS reporter gene, the cell engineering aspects of this protocol are transferable for use with other (reporter) genes if desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK.
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14
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Kim W, Park S, Kwon W, Kim D, Park JK, Han JE, Cho GJ, Han SH, Sung Y, Yi JK, Kim MO, Ryoo ZY, Choi SK. Suppression of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 regulates pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells via mechanistic target of rapamycin-extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:547-567. [PMID: 34958137 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are a widely used model for their diverse availability in studying early embryonic development and their application in regenerative treatment of various intractable diseases. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (Trpm7) regulates Ca2+ as a nonselective ion channel and is essential for early embryonic development; however, the precise role of Trpm7 in mESCs has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we showed that the inhibition of Trpm7 affects the pluripotency and self-renewal of mESCs. We found that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated suppression of Trpm7 resulted in decreased expression of transcriptional regulators, Oct4 and Sox2, which maintain stemness in mESCs. In addition, Trpm7 knockdown led to alterations in the basic properties of mESCs, such as decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, embryoid body (EB) formation and teratoma formation assays revealed abnormal regulation of differentiation due to Trpm7 knockdown, including the smaller size of EBs, elevated ectodermal differentiation, and diminished endodermal and mesodermal differentiation. We found that EB Day 7 samples displayed decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels compared to those of the scrambled group. Finally, we identified that these alterations induced by Trpm7 knockdown occurred due to decreased phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in mESCs. Our findings suggest that Trpm7 could be a novel regulator for maintaining stemness and modulating the differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansoo Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyeon Han
- Department of News-team, SBS (Seoul Broadcasting System), Seoul, South Korea.,School of Media Communication, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonghun Sung
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, South Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
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15
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Tian L, Wang Y, Jang YY. Wnt signaling in biliary development, proliferation, and fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:360-367. [PMID: 34861115 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary fibrosis is an important pathological indicator of hepatobiliary damage. Cholangiocyte is the key cell type involved in this process. To reveal the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the normal development as well as the aberrant generation and proliferation of cholangiocytes. Numerous reports suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in the physiological and pathological processes of cholangiocyte development and ductular reaction. In this review, we summarize the effects of Wnt pathway in cholangiocyte development from embryonic stem cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms of cholangiocyte responses to adult ductal damage. Wnt signaling pathway is regulated in a step-wise manner during each of the liver differentiation stages from embryonic stem cells to functional mature cholangiocytes. With the modulation of Wnt pathway, cholangiocytes can also be generated from adult liver progenitor cells and mature hepatocytes to repair liver damage. Non-canonical Wnt signaling is triggered in the active ductal cells during biliary fibrosis. Targeted control of the Wnt signaling may hold the great potential to reduce and/or reverse the biliary fibrogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoon Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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16
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Chang CY, Ting HC, Liu CA, Su HL, Chiou TW, Harn HJ, Lin SZ, Ho TJ. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Specific Neural Lineages. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211017829. [PMID: 34665040 PMCID: PMC8529300 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211017829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are sources of several somatic cell
types for human developmental studies, in vitro disease modeling, and
cell transplantation therapy. Improving strategies of derivation of
high-purity specific neural and glial lineages from hPSCs is critical
for application to the study and therapy of the nervous system. Here,
we will focus on the principles behind establishment of neuron and
glia differentiation methods according to developmental studies. We
will also highlight the limitations and challenges associated with the
differentiation of several “difficult” neural lineages and delay in
neuronal maturation and functional integration. To overcome these
challenges, we will introduce strategies and novel technologies aimed
at improving the differentiation of various neural lineages to expand
the application potential of hPSCs to the study of the nervous
system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Ting
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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17
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Ogura C, Nishihara S. Dermatan-4- O-Sulfotransferase-1 Contributes to the Undifferentiated State of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733964. [PMID: 34631712 PMCID: PMC8495257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have the properties of self-renewal and pluripotency. Various signals and growth factors maintain their undifferentiated state and also regulate their differentiation. Glycosaminoglycans are present on the cell surface and in the cell matrix as proteoglycans. Previously, we and other groups reported that the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate contributes to both maintenance of undifferentiated state and regulation of mESC differentiation. It has been shown that chondroitin sulfate is needed for pluripotency and differentiation of mESCs, while keratan sulfate is a known marker of human ESCs or induced pluripotent stem cells. We also found that DS promotes neuronal differentiation from mESCs and human neural stem cells; however, the function of DS in the maintenance of mESCs has not yet been revealed. Here, we investigated the role of DS in mESCs by knockdown (KD) or overexpression (O/E) of the dermatan-4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST1) gene. We found that the activity of the ESC self-renewal marker alkaline phosphatase was reduced in D4ST1 KD mESCs, but, in contrast, increased in D4ST1 O/E mESCs. D4ST1 KD promoted endodermal differentiation, as indicated by an increase in Cdx2 expression. Conversely, Cdx2 expression was decreased by D4ST1 O/E. Wnt signaling, which is also involved in endodermal differentiation, was activated by D4ST1 KD and suppressed by D4ST1 O/E. Collectively, these results demonstrate that D4ST1 contributes to the undifferentiated state of mESCs. Our findings provide new insights into the function of DS in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ogura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Japan.,Glycan and Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, Hachioji, Japan
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18
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Luo S, Ai Y, Xiao S, Wang B, Wang Y. Functional hit 1 (FH1)-based rapid and efficient generation of functional hepatocytes from human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel strategy for hepatic differentiation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1087. [PMID: 34422999 PMCID: PMC8339809 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Because the liver is central to the physiology of the body, primary hepatocytes are widely used in liver pathology and physiological research, such as liver drug screening, bioartificial liver support system, and cell therapy for liver diseases. However, the source of primary hepatocytes is limited. We describe a novel non-transgenic protocol that facilitates the rapid generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), providing a new source of functional hepatocytes. Methods In this study, we used hUC-MSCs and human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) to investigate the new induction strategy. Passage 3 MSCs were induced into hepatocyte-like cells using small-molecule compounds combined with cell factors in vitro. Functional hit 1 (FH1), a promising small molecule compound was achieved to replace HGF in the hepatocyte maturation stage to induce the hepatocyte-like cells differentiation. Results We rapidly induced hUC-MSCs and human iMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells within 10 days in vitro, and the cells were morphologically similarly to both hepatocytes derived from the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-based method and the primary hepatocytes. They expressed mature hepatocyte special genes and achieved functions such as glycogen storage, albumin expression, urea secretion, cytochrome P450 activity, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and indocyanine green (ICG) uptake. Conclusions We successfully established a small-molecule protocol without using HGF to differentiate MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells, which provides a rapid and cost-effective platform for in vitro studies of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Topological isolation of developmental regulators in mammalian genomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4897. [PMID: 34385432 PMCID: PMC8361032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control of mammalian gene expression is facilitated through epigenetic mechanisms and nuclear organization. In particular, insulated chromosome structures are important for regulatory control, but the phenotypic consequences of their boundary disruption on developmental processes are complex and remain insufficiently understood. Here, we generated deeply sequenced Hi-C data for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that allowed us to identify CTCF loop domains that have highly conserved boundary CTCF sites and show a notable enrichment of individual developmental regulators. Importantly, perturbation of such a boundary in hPSCs interfered with proper differentiation through deregulated distal enhancer-promoter activity. Finally, we found that germline variations affecting such boundaries are subject to purifying selection and are underrepresented in the human population. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of developmental gene isolation through chromosomal folding structures as a mechanism to ensure their proper expression. The phenotypic consequence of 3D genome boundary disruption on developmental processes remains insufficiently understood. Here, the authors show that perturbation of a SOX17 boundary in human pluripotent stem cells interferes with proper differentiation and that germline variations affecting such boundaries are subject to selection, resulting in underrepresentation in the human population.
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20
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Siehler J, Blöchinger AK, Meier M, Lickert H. Engineering islets from stem cells for advanced therapies of diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:920-940. [PMID: 34376833 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 460 million people worldwide. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by a hostile metabolic environment that leads to β-cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Currently, first-line medications treat the symptomatic insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, but do not prevent the progressive decline of β-cell mass and function. Thus, advanced therapies need to be developed that either protect or regenerate endogenous β-cell mass early in disease progression or replace lost β-cells with stem cell-derived β-like cells or engineered islet-like clusters. In this Review, we discuss the state of the art of stem cell differentiation and islet engineering, reflect on current and future challenges in the area and highlight the potential for cell replacement therapies, disease modelling and drug development using these cells. These efforts in stem cell and regenerative medicine will lay the foundations for future biomedical breakthroughs and potentially curative treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Siehler
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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21
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Chen D, Schwartz MA, Simons M. Developmental Perspectives on Arterial Fate Specification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691335. [PMID: 34249941 PMCID: PMC8269928 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel acquisition of arterial or venous fate is an adaptive phenomenon in response to increasing blood circulation during vascular morphogenesis. The past two decades of effort in this field led to development of a widely accepted paradigm of molecular regulators centering on VEGF and Notch signaling. More recent findings focused on shear stress-induced cell cycle arrest as a prerequisite for arterial specification substantially modify this traditional understanding. This review aims to summarize key molecular mechanisms that work in concert to drive the acquisition of arterial fate in two distinct developmental settings of vascular morphogenesis: de novo vasculogenesis of the dorsal aorta and postnatal retinal angiogenesis. We will also discuss the questions and conceptual controversies that potentially point to novel directions of investigation and possible clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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22
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Pethe P, Noel VS, Kale V. Deterministic role of sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in specification of hemogenic versus endocardiogenic endothelium from differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203685. [PMID: 33994358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to have an ability to form a large number of functional endothelial cells in vitro, but generating organ-specific endothelial cells remains a challenge. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is one of the crucial developmental pathways that control differentiation of many embryonic cell types such as neuroectodermal, primitive gut tube and developing limb buds; SHH pathway is important for functioning of adult cell of skin, bone, liver as well as it regulates haematopoiesis. Misregulation of SHH pathway leads to cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, etc. However, its role in differentiation of human ESCs into endothelial cells has not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the role of SHH signalling pathway in endothelial differentiation of hESCs by growing them in the presence of an SHH agonist (purmorphamine) and an SHH antagonist (SANT-1) for a period of 6 days. Interestingly, we found that activation of SHH pathway led to a higher expression of set of transcription factors such as BRACHYURY, GATA2 and RUNX1, thus favouring hemogenic endothelium; whereas inhibition of SHH pathway led to a reduced expression of set of markers such as RUNX1 and BRACHURY, and an increased expression of set of markers - NFATC1, c-KIT, GATA4, CD31 & CD34, thus favouring endocardiogenic endothelium. The results of this study have revealed the previously unreported deterministic role of SHH pathway in specification of endothelial cells differentiated from human ESCs into hemogenic vs. endocardiogenic lineage; this finding could have major implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vinnie Sharon Noel
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
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23
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Kawamura N, Takaoka K, Hamada H, Hadjantonakis AK, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y. Rab7-Mediated Endocytosis Establishes Patterning of Wnt Activity through Inactivation of Dkk Antagonism. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107733. [PMID: 32521258 PMCID: PMC8171381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis has been proposed to modulate cell signaling activities. However, the role of endocytosis in embryogenesis, which requires coordination of multiple signaling inputs, has remained less understood. We previously showed that mouse embryos lacking a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Rab7 implicated in endocytic flow are defective in gastrulation. Here, we investigate how subcellular defects associated with Rab7 deficiency are related to the observed developmental defects. Rab7-deficient embryos fail to organize mesodermal tissues due to defects in Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Visceral endoderm (VE)-specific ablation of Rab7 results in patterning defects similar to systemic Rab7 deletion. Rab7 mutants accumulate the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in the extracellular space and in intracellular compartments throughout the VE epithelium. These data indicate that Rab7-dependent endocytosis regulates the concentration and availability of extracellular Dkk1, thereby relieving the epiblast of antagonism. This intercellular mechanism therefore organizes distinct spatiotemporal patterns of canonical Wnt activity during the peri-gastrulation stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kawamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takaoka
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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24
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Dinh TTH, Iseki H, Mizuno S, Iijima-Mizuno S, Tanimoto Y, Daitoku Y, Kato K, Hamada Y, Hasan ASH, Suzuki H, Murata K, Muratani M, Ema M, Kim JD, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kato M, Takahashi S, Yagami KI, Wilson V, Arkell RM, Sugiyama F. Disruption of entire Cables2 locus leads to embryonic lethality by diminished Rps21 gene expression and enhanced p53 pathway. eLife 2021; 10:50346. [PMID: 33949947 PMCID: PMC8099427 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo function of CDK5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2 (Cables2), belonging to the Cables protein family, is unknown. Here, we found that targeted disruption of the entire Cables2 locus (Cables2d) caused growth retardation and enhanced apoptosis at the gastrulation stage and then induced embryonic lethality in mice. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed disruption of Cables2, 50% down-regulation of Rps21 abutting on the Cables2 locus, and up-regulation of p53-target genes in Cables2d gastrulas. We further revealed the lethality phenotype in Rps21-deleted mice and unexpectedly, the exon 1-deleted Cables2 mice survived. Interestingly, chimeric mice derived from Cables2d ESCs carrying exogenous Cables2 and tetraploid wild-type embryo overcame gastrulation. These results suggest that the diminished expression of Rps21 and the completed lack of Cables2 expression are intricately involved in the embryonic lethality via the p53 pathway. This study sheds light on the importance of Cables2 locus in mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Thi Huong Dinh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iseki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Iijima-Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanimoto
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Daitoku
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanako Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ammar Shaker Hamed Hasan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hayate Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Complex Bioscience Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of National Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of. Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yagami
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Li B, Tian Y, Wen H, Qi X, Wang L, Zhang J, Li J, Dong X, Zhang K, Li Y. Systematic identification and expression analysis of the Sox gene family in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100817. [PMID: 33677158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Sox gene family encodes a set of transcription factors characterized by a conserved Sry-related high mobility group (HMG)-box domain, which performs a series of essential biological functions in diverse tissues and developmental processes. In this study, the Sox gene family was systematically characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). A total of 26 Sox genes were identified and classified into eight subfamilies, namely, SoxB1, SoxB2, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE, SoxF, SoxH and SoxK. The phylogenetic relationship, exon-intron and domain structure analyses supported their annotation and classification. Comparison of gene copy numbers and chromosome locations among different species indicated that except tandem duplicated paralogs of Sox17/Sox32, duplicated Sox genes in spotted sea bass were generated from teleost-specific whole genome duplication during evolution. In addition, qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression profiles of Sox genes during development and adulthood. The results showed that the expression of 16 out of 26 Sox genes was induced dramatically at different starting points after the multicellular stage, which is consistent with embryogenesis. At the early stage of sex differentiation, 9 Sox genes exhibited sexually dimorphic expression patterns, among which Sox3, Sox19 and Sox6b showed the most significant ovary-biased expression. Moreover, the distinct expression pattern of Sox genes was observed in different adult tissues. Our results provide a fundamental resource for further investigating the functions of Sox genes in embryonic processes, sex determination and differentiation as well as controlling the homeostasis of adult tissues in spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jinku Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ximeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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26
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Simultaneous and quantitative monitoring transcription factors in human embryonic stem cell differentiation using mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2081-2089. [PMID: 33655347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be self-propagated indefinitely in culture while holding the capacity to generate almost all cell types. Although this powerful differentiation ability of hESCs has become a potential source of cell replacement therapies, application of stem cells in clinical practice relies heavily on the exquisite control of their developmental fate. In general, an essential first step in differentiation is to exit the pluripotent state, which is precariously balanced and depends on a variety of factors, mainly centering on the core transcriptional mechanism. To date, much evidence has indicated that transcription factors such as Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog control the self-renewal and pluripotency of hESCs. Their expression displays a restricted spatial-temporal pattern and their small changes in level can significantly affect directed differentiation and the cell type derived. So far, few assays have been developed to monitor this process. Herein, we provided a mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach for simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of these transcription factors, in an attempt to provide insight into their contributions in hESC differentiation.
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27
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Single-cell transcriptomics identifies limbal stem cell population and cell types mapping its differentiation trajectory in limbal basal epithelium of human cornea. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:20-32. [PMID: 33388438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to uncover novel cell types in heterogenous basal limbus of human cornea for identifying LSC at single cell resolution. METHODS Single cells of human limbal basal epithelium were isolated from young donor corneas. Single-cell RNA-Sequencing was performed using 10x Genomics platform, followed by clustering cell types through the graph-based visualization method UMAP and unbiased computational informatic analysis. Tissue RNA in situ hybridization with RNAscope, immunofluorescent staining and multiple functional assays were performed using human corneas and limbal epithelial culture models. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptomics of 16,360 limbal basal cells revealed 12 cell clusters belonging to three lineages. A smallest cluster (0.4% of total cells) was identified as LSCs based on their quiescent and undifferentiated states with enriched marker genes for putative epithelial stem cells. TSPAN7 and SOX17 are discovered and validated as new LSC markers based on their exclusive expression pattern and spatial localization in limbal basal epithelium by RNAscope and immunostaining, and functional role in cell growth and tissue regeneration models with RNA interference in cultures. Interestingly, five cell types/states mapping a developmental trajectory of LSC from quiescence to proliferation and differentiation are uncovered by Monocle3 and CytoTRACE pseudotime analysis. The transcription factor networks linking novel signaling pathways are revealed to maintain LSC stemness. CONCLUSIONS This human corneal scRNA-Seq identifies the LSC population and uncovers novel cell types mapping the differentiation trajectory in heterogenous limbal basal epithelium. The findings provide insight into LSC concept and lay the foundation for understanding the corneal homeostasis and diseases.
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28
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Elkenani M, Nyamsuren G, Toischer K, Adham IM, Mohamed BA. Perturbed differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells upon Pelota deletion due to dysregulated FOXO1/β-catenin signaling. FEBS J 2020; 288:3317-3329. [PMID: 33245852 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is regulated by a variety of different signaling pathways. Genetic depletion of murine Pelota gene (Pelo) leads to early embryonic lethality. Here, we aimed at determining the embryonic stage and deciphering the dysregulated signaling pathways affected upon Pelo deletion. We found that development of PELO-null embryos is perturbed between the embryonic days E4.5 and E5.5, at which first differentiation process of ESCs takes place. Molecular analysis revealed enhanced activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B/ AKT (PI3K-PKB/AKT) signaling, but nuclear accumulation of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and upregulation of the pluripotency-related gene, Oct4, in mutant ESCs cultured under differentiation condition. Despite increased levels of nuclear β-catenin in PELO-null ESCs as a result of decreased activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, the activity of the canonical wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) was significantly attenuated as judged by the promoter reporter assay, downregulated Wnt/β-catenin target genes, and impaired cell proliferation. Interestingly, we demonstrated an increased binding of β-catenin to FOXO1 in PELO-mutant ESCs cultured under differentiation condition that could explain, on one side, the nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 protein and hence persistent pluripotency of PELO-mutant ESCs, and on the other side, the dysregulated transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF and therefore attenuated PELO-null ESC self-renewal. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that PELO deletion averts ESC differentiation through promoting FOXO1/β-catenin binding with subsequent dysregulation of FOXO1 and canonical β-catenin/TCF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elkenani
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Centre, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Gunsmaa Nyamsuren
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Centre, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Centre, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Dumasia NP, Pethe PS. Pancreas development and the Polycomb group protein complexes. Mech Dev 2020; 164:103647. [PMID: 32991980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dual nature of pancreatic tissue permits both endocrine and exocrine functions. Enzymatic secretions by the exocrine pancreas help digestive processes while the pancreatic hormones regulate glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Pancreas organogenesis is defined by a conserved array of signaling pathways that act on common gut progenitors to bring about the generation of diverse cell types. Multiple cellular processes characterize development of the mature organ. These processes are mediated by signaling pathways that regulate lineage-specific transcription factors and chromatin modifications guiding long-term gene expression programs. The chromatin landscape is altered chiefly by DNA or histone modifications, chromatin remodelers, and non-coding RNAs. Amongst histone modifiers, several studies have identified Polycomb group (PcG) proteins as crucial determinants mediating transcriptional repression of genes involved in developmental processes. Although PcG-mediated chromatin modifications define cellular transitions and influence cell identity of multipotent progenitors, much remains to be understood regarding coordination between extracellular signals and their impact on Polycomb functions during the pancreas lineage progression. In this review, we discuss interactions between sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and chromatin regulators underlying pancreas development and insulin producing β-cells, with particular focus on Polycomb group proteins. Understanding such basic molecular mechanisms would improve current strategies for stem cell-based differentiation while also help elucidate the pathogenesis of several pancreas-related maladies, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufer P Dumasia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Prasad S Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
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30
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Mukherjee S, Chaturvedi P, Rankin SA, Fish MB, Wlizla M, Paraiso KD, MacDonald M, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Blitz IL, Cho KW, Zorn AM. Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy Wnt-responsive enhancers to govern the endoderm gene regulatory network. eLife 2020; 9:58029. [PMID: 32894225 PMCID: PMC7498262 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. Sox17 is a key transcriptional regulator of definitive endoderm development, and yet, its genomic targets remain largely uncharacterized. Here, using genomic approaches and epistasis experiments, we define the Sox17-governed endoderm GRN in Xenopus gastrulae. We show that Sox17 functionally interacts with the canonical Wnt pathway to specify and pattern the endoderm while repressing alternative mesectoderm fates. Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy hundreds of key enhancers. In some cases, Sox17 and β-catenin synergistically activate transcription apparently independent of Tcfs, whereas on other enhancers, Sox17 represses β-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcription to spatially restrict gene expression domains. Our findings establish Sox17 as a tissue-specific modifier of Wnt responses and point to a novel paradigm where genomic specificity of Wnt/β-catenin transcription is determined through functional interactions between lineage-specific Sox TFs and β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional complexes. Given the ubiquitous nature of Sox TFs and Wnt signaling, this mechanism has important implications across a diverse range of developmental and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Mukherjee
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Scott A Rankin
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Margaret B Fish
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Kitt D Paraiso
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Melissa MacDonald
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ira L Blitz
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Ken Wy Cho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, United States
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31
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Ngo J, Hashimoto M, Hamada H, Wynshaw-Boris A. Deletion of the Dishevelled family of genes disrupts anterior-posterior axis specification and selectively prevents mesoderm differentiation. Dev Biol 2020; 464:161-175. [PMID: 32579954 PMCID: PMC8301231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled proteins transduce both canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways to regulate many key developmental processes during embryogenesis. Here, we disrupt both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways by targeting the entire Dishevelled family of genes (Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3) to investigate their functional roles in the early embryo. We identified several defects in anterior-posterior axis specification and mesoderm patterning in Dvl1+/-; Dvl2-/-; Dvl3-/- embryos. Homozygous deletions in all three Dvl genes (Dvl TKO) resulted in defects in distal visceral endoderm migration and a complete failure to induce mesoderm formation. To identify potential mechanisms that lead to the defects in the developmental processes preceding gastrulation, we generated Dvl TKO mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and compared the transcriptional profile of these cells with wild-type (WT) mESCs during germ lineage differentiation into 3D embryoid bodies (EBs). While the Dvl TKO mESCs displayed similar morphology, self-renewal properties, and minor transcriptional variation from WT mESCs, we identified major transcriptional dysregulation in the Dvl TKO EBs during differentiation in a number of genes involved in anterior-posterior pattern specification, gastrulation induction, mesenchyme morphogenesis, and mesoderm-derived tissue development. The absence of the Dvls leads to specific down-regulation of BMP signaling genes. Furthermore, exogenous activation of canonical Wnt, BMP, and Nodal signaling all fail to rescue the mesodermal defects in the Dvl TKO EBs. Moreover, endoderm differentiation was promoted in the absence of mesoderm in the Dvl TKO EBs, while the suppression of ectoderm differentiation was delayed. Overall, we demonstrate that the Dvls are dispensable for maintaining self-renewal in mESCs but are critical during differentiation to regulate key developmental signaling pathways to promote proper axis specification and mesoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Embryogenesis, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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32
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Garriock RJ, Chalamalasetty RB, Zhu J, Kennedy MW, Kumar A, Mackem S, Yamaguchi TP. A dorsal-ventral gradient of Wnt3a/β-catenin signals controls mouse hindgut extension and colon formation. Development 2020; 147:dev.185108. [PMID: 32156757 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of Wnt signaling for adult intestinal stem cell homeostasis and colorectal cancer, relatively little is known about its role in colon formation during embryogenesis. The development of the colon starts with the formation and extension of the hindgut. We show that Wnt3a is expressed in the caudal embryo in a dorsal-ventral (DV) gradient across all three germ layers, including the hindgut. Using genetic and lineage-tracing approaches, we describe novel dorsal and ventral hindgut domains, and show that ventrolateral hindgut cells populate the majority of the colonic epithelium. A Wnt3a-β-catenin-Sp5/8 pathway, which is active in the dorsal hindgut endoderm, is required for hindgut extension and colon formation. Interestingly, the absence of Wnt activity in the ventral hindgut is crucial for proper hindgut morphogenesis, as ectopic stabilization of β-catenin in the ventral hindgut via gain- or loss-of-function mutations in Ctnnb1 or Apc, respectively, leads to severe colonic hyperplasia. Thus, the DV Wnt gradient is required to coordinate growth between dorsal and ventral hindgut domains to regulate the extension of the hindgut that leads to colon formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Garriock
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ravindra B Chalamalasetty
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - JianJian Zhu
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark W Kennedy
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Terry P Yamaguchi
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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33
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Nowotschin S, Hadjantonakis AK. Guts and gastrulation: Emergence and convergence of endoderm in the mouse embryo. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 136:429-454. [PMID: 31959298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation is a central process in mammalian development in which a spatiotemporally coordinated series of events driven by cross-talk between adjacent embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues results in stereotypical morphogenetic cell behaviors, massive cell proliferation and the acquisition of distinct cell identities. Gastrulation provides the blueprint of the body plan of the embryo, as well as generating extra-embryonic cell types of the embryo to make a connection with its mother. Gastrulation involves the specification of mesoderm and definitive endoderm from pluripotent epiblast, concomitant with a highly ordered elongation of tissue along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Interestingly, cells with an endoderm identity arise twice during mouse development. Cells with a primitive endoderm identity are specified in the preimplantation blastocyst, and which at gastrulation intercalate with the emergent definitive endoderm to form a mosaic tissue, referred to as the gut endoderm. The gut endoderm gives rise to the gut tube, which will subsequently become patterned along its AP axis into domains possessing unique visceral organ identities, such as thyroid, lung, liver and pancreas. In this way, proper endoderm development is essential for vital organismal functions, including the absorption of nutrients, gas exchange, detoxification and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nowotschin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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Corada M, Orsenigo F, Bhat GP, Conze LL, Breviario F, Cunha SI, Claesson-Welsh L, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA, Bacigaluppi M, Martino G, Pitulescu ME, Adams RH, Magnusson P, Dejana E. Fine-Tuning of Sox17 and Canonical Wnt Coordinates the Permeability Properties of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Circ Res 2019; 124:511-525. [PMID: 30591003 PMCID: PMC6407809 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: The microvasculature of the central nervous system includes the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which regulates the permeability to nutrients and restricts the passage of toxic agents and inflammatory cells. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is responsible for the early phases of brain vascularization and BBB differentiation. However, this signal declines after birth, and other signaling pathways able to maintain barrier integrity at postnatal stage are still unknown. Objective: Sox17 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 17) constitutes a major downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin in endothelial cells and regulates arterial differentiation. In the present article, we asked whether Sox17 may act downstream of Wnt/β-catenin in inducing BBB differentiation and maintenance. Methods and Results: Using reporter mice and nuclear staining of Sox17 and β-catenin, we report that although β-catenin signaling declines after birth, Sox17 activation increases and remains high in the adult. Endothelial-specific inactivation of Sox17 leads to increase of permeability of the brain microcirculation. The severity of this effect depends on the degree of BBB maturation: it is strong in the embryo and progressively declines after birth. In search of Sox17 mechanism of action, RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression of brain endothelial cells has identified members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as downstream targets of Sox17. Consistently, we found that Sox17 is a positive inducer of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and it acts in concert with this pathway to induce and maintain BBB properties. In vivo, inhibition of the β-catenin destruction complex or expression of a degradation-resistant β-catenin mutant, prevent the increase in permeability and retina vascular malformations observed in the absence of Sox17. Conclusions: Our data highlight a novel role for Sox17 in the induction and maintenance of the BBB, and they underline the strict reciprocal tuning of this transcription factor and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Modulation of Sox17 activity may be relevant to control BBB permeability in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corada
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Ganesh Parameshwar Bhat
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience (G.P.B.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lei Liu Conze
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Ferruccio Breviario
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Sara Isabel Cunha
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.B., G.M.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.B., G.M.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (M.E.P., R.H.A.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (M.E.P., R.H.A.)
| | - Peetra Magnusson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.).,Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.).,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
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Preisler L, Ben-Yosef D, Mayshar Y. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli as a Major Regulator of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Self-Renewal. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1505-1515. [PMID: 31461190 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an essential tool to investigate early human development, study disease pathogenesis, and examine therapeutic interventions. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, implicated in the majority of sporadic colorectal cancers and in the autosomal dominant inherited syndrome familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Studies into the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hESCs arrived at conflicting results, due at least in part to variations in culture conditions and the use of external inhibitors and agonists. Here, we directly targeted APC in hESCs carrying a germline APC mutation, derived from affected blastocysts following preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for FAP, in order to answer open questions regarding the role of APC in regulating pluripotency and differentiation potential of hESCs. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), we generated second hit APC mutations in FAP-hESCs. Despite high CRISPR/Cas9 targeting efficiency and the successful isolation of many clones, none of the isolated clones carried a loss of function mutation in the wild-type (WT) APC allele. Using a fluorescent β-catenin reporter and analysis of mutated-allele frequencies in the APC locus, we show that APC double mutant hESCs robustly activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling that results in rapid differentiation to endodermal and mesodermal lineages. Here, we provide direct evidence for a strict requirement for constant β-catenin degradation through the APC destruction complex in order to maintain pluripotency, highlighting a fundamental role for APC in self-renewal of hESCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1505-1515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Preisler
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Mayshar
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Zhang R, Nakao T, Luo J, Xue Y, Cornuet P, Oertel M, Kosar K, Singh S, Nejak-Bowen K. Activation of WNT/Beta-Catenin Signaling and Regulation of the Farnesoid X Receptor/Beta-Catenin Complex After Murine Bile Duct Ligation. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1642-1655. [PMID: 31832572 PMCID: PMC6887668 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that loss of β‐catenin prevents the development of cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis after bile duct ligation (BDL) due to loss of the inhibitory farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/β‐catenin complex, which results in decreased hepatic bile acids (BAs) through activation of FXR. To further understand the role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in regulating BA metabolism and cholestasis, we performed BDL on mice in which hepatocyte Wnt signaling is deficient but β‐catenin is intact (low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein [LRP]5/6 knockout [DKO]) as well as mice that have enhanced hepatocyte β‐catenin expression (serine 45 mutated to aspartic acid [S45D] transgenic [TG] mice). Despite decreased biliary injury after BDL, hepatic injury, fibrosis, and inflammation were comparable in DKO and wild‐type (WT) mice. Notably, the FXR/β‐catenin complex was maintained in DKO livers after BDL, coincident with significantly elevated hepatic BA levels. Similarly, TG mice did not display accelerated injury or increased mortality despite overexpression of β‐catenin. There was no augmentation of FXR/β‐catenin association in TG livers; this resulted in equivalent hepatic BAs in WT and TG mice after BDL. Finally, we analyzed the effect of BDL on β‐catenin activity and identified an increase in periportal cytoplasmic stabilization and association with T‐cell factor 4 that correlated with increased expression of distinct downstream target genes. Conclusion: Localization of β‐catenin and expression of Wnt‐regulated genes were altered in liver after BDL; however, neither elimination of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling nor overexpression of β‐catenin in hepatocytes significantly impacted the phenotype or progression of BA‐driven cholestatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Toshimasa Nakao
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Yuhua Xue
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Pamela Cornuet
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Karis Kosar
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
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Abstract
The field of vascular biology has gained enormous insight from the use of Cre and inducible Cre mouse models to temporally and spatially manipulate gene expression within the endothelium. Models are available to constitutively or inducibly modulate gene expression in all or a specified subset of endothelial cells. However, caution should be applied to both the selection of allele and the analysis of resultant phenotype: many similarly named Cre models have divergent activity patterns while ectopic or inconsistent Cre or inducible Cre expression can dramatically affect results. In an effort to disambiguate previous data and to provide a resource to aid appropriate experimental design, here we summarize what is known about Cre recombinase activity in the most widely used endothelial-specific Cre and Cre/ERT2 mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Payne
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Medicine (S.P., S.D.V.),University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Medicine (S.P., S.D.V.),University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (S.D.V., A.N.),University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Neal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (S.D.V., A.N.),University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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38
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Scheibner K, Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Lickert H. Wnt signaling: implications in endoderm development and pancreas organogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:48-55. [PMID: 31377680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is derived from the foregut endoderm during embryonic development. After gastrulation and endoderm germ layer formation complex morphogenetic events coupled with cell differentiation programs pattern the gut tube and induce pancreas organogenesis. This results in formation of exocrine, ductal and hormone-producing endocrine cells. Among these, endocrine cells are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis and their malfunction leads to diabetes mellitus, which cannot be stopped or reversed by the current standard treatments. Thus, intense efforts to regenerate or replace the lost or dysfunctional insulin-producing β-cells are on the way. This depends on identifying the factors that coordinate pancreas organogenesis. Here, we highlight the contribution of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling branches in orchestrating endoderm formation, pancreatic morphogenesis as well as endocrine cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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39
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Modic M, Grosch M, Rot G, Schirge S, Lepko T, Yamazaki T, Lee FCY, Rusha E, Shaposhnikov D, Palo M, Merl-Pham J, Cacchiarelli D, Rogelj B, Hauck SM, von Mering C, Meissner A, Lickert H, Hirose T, Ule J, Drukker M. Cross-Regulation between TDP-43 and Paraspeckles Promotes Pluripotency-Differentiation Transition. Mol Cell 2019; 74:951-965.e13. [PMID: 31047794 PMCID: PMC6561722 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, but their joint functions in coordinating cell fate decisions are poorly understood. Here we show that the expression and activity of the RBP TDP-43 and the long isoform of the lncRNA Neat1, the scaffold of the nuclear compartment "paraspeckles," are reciprocal in pluripotent and differentiated cells because of their cross-regulation. In pluripotent cells, TDP-43 represses the formation of paraspeckles by enhancing the polyadenylated short isoform of Neat1. TDP-43 also promotes pluripotency by regulating alternative polyadenylation of transcripts encoding pluripotency factors, including Sox2, which partially protects its 3' UTR from miR-21-mediated degradation. Conversely, paraspeckles sequester TDP-43 and other RBPs from mRNAs and promote exit from pluripotency and embryonic patterning in the mouse. We demonstrate that cross-regulation between TDP-43 and Neat1 is essential for their efficient regulation of a broad network of genes and, therefore, of pluripotency and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Modic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Markus Grosch
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Rot
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences of the University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Flora C Y Lee
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ejona Rusha
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Palo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Broad Institute of Harvard University/MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), NA 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian von Mering
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences of the University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of Harvard University/MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Micha Drukker
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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40
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Sox17 is required for endothelial regeneration following inflammation-induced vascular injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2126. [PMID: 31073164 PMCID: PMC6509327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the endothelial cell barrier after inflammatory injury is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis and normalizing leukocyte transmigration. However, the mechanisms of endothelial regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we show that the endothelial and hematopoietic developmental transcription factor Sox17 promotes endothelial regeneration in the endotoxemia model of endothelial injury. Genetic lineage tracing studies demonstrate that the native endothelium itself serves as the primary source of endothelial cells repopulating the vessel wall following injury. We identify Sox17 as a key regulator of endothelial cell regeneration using endothelial-specific deletion and overexpression of Sox17. Endotoxemia upregulates Hypoxia inducible factor 1α, which in turn transcriptionally activates Sox17 expression. We observe that Sox17 increases endothelial cell proliferation via upregulation of Cyclin E1. Furthermore, endothelial-specific upregulation of Sox17 in vivo enhances lung endothelial regeneration. We conclude that endotoxemia adaptively activates Sox17 expression to mediate Cyclin E1-dependent endothelial cell regeneration and restore vascular homeostasis.
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41
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Agarwal N, Popovic B, Martucci NJ, Fraunhoffer NA, Soto-Gutierrez A. Biofabrication of Autologous Human Hepatocytes for Transplantation: How Do We Get There? Gene Expr 2019; 19:89-95. [PMID: 30143060 PMCID: PMC6466180 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15350366478989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise as source material for treating some liver disorders. The unlimited availability of perfectly differentiated iPSC-derived hepatocytes will dramatically facilitate cell therapies. While systems to manufacture large quantities of iPSC-derived cells have been developed, we have been unable to generate and maintain stable and mature adult liver cells ex vivo. This short review highlights important challenges and possible solutions to the current state of hepatocyte biofabrication for cellular therapies to treat liver diseases. Successful cell transplantation will require optimizing the best cell function, overcoming limitations to cell numbers and safety, as well as a number of other challenges. Collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and industry is critical for generating new autologous stem cell-based therapies to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Agarwal
- *School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Branimir Popovic
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole J. Martucci
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas A. Fraunhoffer
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- §Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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42
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Osteil P, Studdert JB, Goh HN, Wilkie EE, Fan X, Khoo PL, Peng G, Salehin N, Knowles H, Han JDJ, Jing N, Fossat N, Tam PPL. Dynamics of Wnt activity on the acquisition of ectoderm potency in epiblast stem cells. Development 2019; 146:dev.172858. [PMID: 30890572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the stringent regulation of Wnt activity is crucial for the morphogenesis of the head and brain. The loss of function of the Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 results in elevated Wnt activity, loss of ectoderm lineage attributes from the anterior epiblast, and the posteriorisation of anterior germ layer tissue towards the mesendoderm. The modulation of Wnt signalling may therefore be crucial for the allocation of epiblast cells to ectoderm progenitors during gastrulation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the lineage characteristics of epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) that were derived and maintained under different signalling conditions. We showed that suppression of Wnt activity enhanced the ectoderm propensity of the EpiSCs. Neuroectoderm differentiation of these EpiSCs was further empowered by the robust re-activation of Wnt activity. Therefore, during gastrulation, the tuning of the signalling activities that mediate mesendoderm differentiation is instrumental for the acquisition of ectoderm potency in the epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Osteil
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia .,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Josh B Studdert
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hwee Ngee Goh
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Emilie E Wilkie
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Xiaochen Fan
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Poh-Lynn Khoo
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nazmus Salehin
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hilary Knowles
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nicolas Fossat
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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43
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Abstract
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse Mus musculus, the African clawed frog of the genus Xenopus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio, highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
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Asumda FZ, Hatzistergos KE, Dykxhoorn DM, Jakubski S, Edwards J, Thomas E, Schiff ER. Differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells using small molecules. Differentiation 2018; 101:16-24. [PMID: 29626713 PMCID: PMC6055513 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of approaches have been developed for the derivation of hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. Currently, most of these strategies employ step-wise differentiation approaches with recombinant growth-factors or small-molecule analogs to recapitulate developmental signaling pathways. Here, we tested the efficacy of a small-molecule based differentiation protocol for the generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Quantitative gene-expression, immunohistochemical, and western blot analyses for SOX17, FOXA2, CXCR4, HNF4A, AFP, indicated the stage-specific differentiation into definitive endoderm, hepatoblast and hepatocyte-like derivatives. Furthermore, hepatocyte-like cells displayed morphological and functional features characteristic of primary hepatocytes, as indicated by the production of ALB (albumin) and α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), as well as glycogen storage capacity by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Together, these data support that the small-molecule based hepatic differentiation protocol is a simple, reproducible, and inexpensive method to efficiently drive the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards a hepatocyte-like phenotype, for downstream pharmacogenomic and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Z Asumda
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Silvia Jakubski
- Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Jasmine Edwards
- Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Eugene R Schiff
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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Du C, Feng Y, Qiu D, Xu Y, Pang M, Cai N, Xiang AP, Zhang Q. Highly efficient and expedited hepatic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells by pure small-molecule cocktails. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523187 PMCID: PMC5845228 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for producing ample individualized hepatocytes. Although previous efforts have succeeded in generating hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro by viral-based expression of transcription factors and/or addition of growth factors during the differentiation process, the safety issue of viral transduction and high cost of cytokines would hinder the downstream applications. Recently, the use of small molecules has emerged as a powerful tool to induce cell fate transition for their superior stability, safety, cell permeability, and cost-effectiveness. Methods In the present study, we established a novel efficient hepatocyte differentiation strategy of human pluripotent stem cells with pure small-molecule cocktails. This method induced hepatocyte differentiation in a stepwise manner, including definitive endoderm differentiation, hepatic specification, and hepatocyte maturation within only 13 days. Results The differentiated hepatic-like cells were morphologically similar to hepatocytes derived from growth factor-based methods and primary hepatocytes. These cells not only expressed specific hepatic markers at the transcriptional and protein levels, but also possessed main liver functions such as albumin production, glycogen storage, cytochrome P450 activity, and indocyanine green uptake and release. Conclusions Highly efficient and expedited hepatic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells could be achieved by our present novel, pure, small-molecule cocktails strategy, which provides a cost-effective platform for in vitro studies of the molecular mechanisms of human liver development and holds significant potential for future clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0794-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China. .,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China. .,Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China. .,Biotherapy Center & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Morgani SM, Metzger JJ, Nichols J, Siggia ED, Hadjantonakis AK. Micropattern differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells recapitulates embryo regionalized cell fate patterning. eLife 2018; 7:e32839. [PMID: 29412136 PMCID: PMC5807051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation epiblast cells exit pluripotency as they specify and spatially arrange the three germ layers of the embryo. Similarly, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) undergo spatially organized fate specification on micropatterned surfaces. Since in vivo validation is not possible for the human, we developed a mouse PSC micropattern system and, with direct comparisons to mouse embryos, reveal the robust specification of distinct regional identities. BMP, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF directed mouse epiblast-like cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radially pattern posterior mesoderm fates. Conversely, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF patterned anterior identities, including definitive endoderm. By contrast, epiblast stem cells, a developmentally advanced state, only specified anterior identities, but without patterning. The mouse micropattern system offers a robust scalable method to generate regionalized cell types present in vivo, resolve how signals promote distinct identities and generate patterns, and compare mechanisms operating in vivo and in vitro and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Morgani
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jakob J Metzger
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric D Siggia
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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47
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Different expression of sox17 gene during gametogenesis between scallop Chlamys farreri and vertebrates. Gene Expr Patterns 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Cao S, Yu S, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhou C, Liu Y, Kuang J, Liu H, Li D, Ye J, Qin Y, Chu S, Wu L, Guo L, Li Y, Shu X, Chen J, Liu J, Pei D. Chemical reprogramming of mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast into endoderm lineage. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19122-19132. [PMID: 28935668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.812537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here an approach to redirecting somatic cell fate under chemically defined conditions without transcription factors. We start by converting mouse embryonic fibroblasts to epithelial-like cells with chemicals and growth factors. Subsequent cell fate mapping reveals a robust induction of SOX17 in the resulting epithelial-like cells that can be further reprogrammed to endodermal progenitor cells. Interestingly, these cells can self-renew in vitro and further differentiate into albumin-producing hepatocytes that can rescue mice from acute liver injury. Our results demonstrate a rational approach to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts to hepatocytes and suggest that this mechanism-driven approach may be generalized for other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangtao Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengyong Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangzhou Branch of the Supercomputing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China, and
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Junqi Kuang
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangzhou Branch of the Supercomputing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China, and
| | - Jing Ye
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yue Qin
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilong Chu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Guo
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaodong Shu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the Guangzhou Branch of the Supercomputing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China, and
| | - Jing Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, .,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, .,the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,the Guangzhou Branch of the Supercomputing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China, and
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49
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Walker CJ, O'Hern MJ, Serna VA, Kurita T, Miranda MA, Sapp CE, Mutch DG, Cohn DE, Goodfellow PJ. Novel SOX17 frameshift mutations in endometrial cancer are functionally distinct from recurrent missense mutations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68758-68768. [PMID: 28978154 PMCID: PMC5620294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive genomic profiling for endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) has pointed to genes and pathways important in uterine development as critical mediators of endometrial tumorigenesis. SOX17 is a developmental transcription factor necessary for proper endoderm formation that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and shown to modulate WNT signaling. SOX17 mutation analysis in 539 primary EECs revealed frequent missense and frameshift mutations with an overall 11.5% mutation rate. More than half the mutations identified were frameshifts (32 of 62), and the hotspot missense changes, p.Ala96Gly and p.Ser403Ile, were seen in 14 tumors. None of the cases with a mutation had a second SOX17 mutation or evidence of allelic loss. Immunofluorescence microscopy performed on primary samples showed that there were no changes in SOX17 protein expression associated with mutation. Low/absent SOX17 staining was significantly associated with advanced stage, high tumor grade and reduced recurrence-free survival. Functional assessment of the two hotspot missense mutations and three representative frameshift mutations showed that SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I have transcriptional activities similar to SOX17 wild-type (WT), whereas none of the frameshift mutant proteins showed transcriptional activity. Forced expression of SOX17-WT, -A96G or -S403I in EC cell lines moderately increased β-catenin mediated transcription, which contrasts with previous data showing SOX17 is an inhibitor of TCF/β-catenin signaling. The proliferation of EC cell lines was expectedly reduced by transfection with SOX17-WT, and further reduced by SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I. These data implicate SOX17 mutation as a selected event in EEC, with clear differences between the missense and frameshift mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walker
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Hern
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vanida A Serna
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mario A Miranda
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Caroline E Sapp
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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50
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Future Challenges in the Generation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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