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Nakhe AY, Dadi PK, Kim J, Dickerson MT, Behera S, Dobson JR, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Sampson L, Magnuson MA, Jacobson DA. The MODY-associated KCNK16 L114P mutation increases islet glucagon secretion and limits insulin secretion resulting in transient neonatal diabetes and glucose dyshomeostasis in adults. bioRxiv 2024:2023.06.20.545631. [PMID: 37546831 PMCID: PMC10401960 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.545631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The gain-of-function mutation in the TALK-1 K + channel (p.L114P) is associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). TALK-1 is a key regulator of β-cell electrical activity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The KCNK16 gene encoding TALK-1, is the most abundant and β-cell-restricted K + channel transcript. To investigate the impact of KCNK16 L114P on glucose homeostasis and confirm its association with MODY, a mouse model containing the Kcnk16 L114P mutation was generated. Heterozygous and homozygous Kcnk16 L114P mice exhibit increased neonatal lethality in the C57BL/6J and the mixed C57BL/6J:CD-1(ICR) genetic background, respectively. Lethality is likely a result of severe hyperglycemia observed in the homozygous Kcnk16 L114P neonates due to lack of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and can be reduced with insulin treatment. Kcnk16 L114P increased whole-cell β-cell K + currents resulting in blunted glucose-stimulated Ca 2+ entry and loss of glucose-induced Ca 2+ oscillations. Thus, adult Kcnk16 L114P mice have reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and plasma insulin levels, which significantly impaired glucose homeostasis. Taken together, this study shows that the MODY-associated Kcnk16 L114P mutation disrupts glucose homeostasis in adult mice resembling a MODY phenotype and causes neonatal lethality by inhibiting islet hormone secretion during development. These data strongly suggest that TALK-1 is an islet-restricted target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Islam M, Yang Y, Simmons AJ, Shah VM, Pavan MK, Xu Y, Tasneem N, Chen Z, Trinh LT, Molina P, Ramirez-Solano MA, Sadien I, Dou J, Chen K, Magnuson MA, Rathmell JC, Macara IG, Winton D, Liu Q, Zafar H, Kalhor R, Church GM, Shrubsole MJ, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Temporal recording of mammalian development and precancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.18.572260. [PMID: 38187699 PMCID: PMC10769302 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Key to understanding many biological phenomena is knowing the temporal ordering of cellular events, which often require continuous direct observations [1, 2]. An alternative solution involves the utilization of irreversible genetic changes, such as naturally occurring mutations, to create indelible markers that enables retrospective temporal ordering [3-8]. Using NSC-seq, a newly designed and validated multi-purpose single-cell CRISPR platform, we developed a molecular clock approach to record the timing of cellular events and clonality in vivo , while incorporating assigned cell state and lineage information. Using this approach, we uncovered precise timing of tissue-specific cell expansion during murine embryonic development and identified new intestinal epithelial progenitor states by their unique genetic histories. NSC-seq analysis of murine adenomas and single-cell multi-omic profiling of human precancers as part of the Human Tumor Atlas Network (HTAN), including 116 scRNA-seq datasets and clonal analysis of 418 human polyps, demonstrated the occurrence of polyancestral initiation in 15-30% of colonic precancers, revealing their origins from multiple normal founders. Thus, our multimodal framework augments existing single-cell analyses and lays the foundation for in vivo multimodal recording, enabling the tracking of lineage and temporal events during development and tumorigenesis.
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Osipovich AB, Zhou FY, Chong JJ, Trinh LT, Cottam MA, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Magnuson MA. Deletion of Ascl1 in pancreatic β-cells improves insulin secretion, promotes parasympathetic innervation, and attenuates dedifferentiation during metabolic stress. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101811. [PMID: 37769990 PMCID: PMC10570713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ASCL1, a pioneer transcription factor, is essential for neural cell differentiation and function. Previous studies have shown that Ascl1 expression is increased in pancreatic β-cells lacking functional KATP channels or after feeding of a high fat diet (HFD) suggesting that it may contribute to the metabolic stress response of β-cells. METHODS We generated β-cell-specific Ascl1 knockout mice (Ascl1βKO) and assessed their glucose homeostasis, islet morphology and gene expression after feeding either a normal diet or HFD for 12 weeks, or in combination with a genetic disruption of Abcc8, an essential KATP channel component. RESULTS Ascl1 expression is increased in response to both a HFD and membrane depolarization and requires CREB-dependent Ca2+ signaling. No differences in glucose homeostasis or islet morphology were observed in Ascl1βKO mice fed a normal diet or in the absence of KATP channels. However, male Ascl1βKO mice fed a HFD exhibited decreased blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased β-cell proliferation. Bulk RNA-seq analysis of islets from Ascl1βKO mice from three studied conditions showed alterations in genes associated with the secretory function. HFD-fed Ascl1βKO mice showed the most extensive changes with increased expression of genes necessary for glucose sensing, insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation, and a decrease in genes associated with β-cell dysfunction, inflammation and dedifferentiation. HFD-fed Ascl1βKO mice also displayed increased expression of parasympathetic neural markers and cholinergic receptors that was accompanied by increased insulin secretion in response to acetylcholine and an increase in islet innervation. CONCLUSIONS Ascl1 expression is induced by stimuli that cause Ca2+-signaling to the nucleus and contributes in a multifactorial manner to the loss of β-cell function by promoting the expression of genes associated with cellular dedifferentiation, attenuating β-cells proliferation, suppressing acetylcholine sensitivity, and repressing parasympathetic innervation of islets. Thus, the removal of Ascl1 from β-cells improves their function in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank Y Zhou
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Judy J Chong
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linh T Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mathew A Cottam
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Keller MP, Hawes EM, Schueler KL, Stapleton DS, Mitok KA, Simonett SP, Oeser JK, Sampson LL, Attie AD, Magnuson MA, O’Brien RM. An Enhancer Within Abcb11 Regulates G6pc2 in C57BL/6 Mouse Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2023; 72:1621-1628. [PMID: 37552875 PMCID: PMC10588275 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
G6PC2 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic islet β-cells where it encodes a glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit that modulates the sensitivity of insulin secretion to glucose by opposing the action of glucokinase, thereby regulating fasting blood glucose (FBG). Prior studies have shown that the G6pc2 promoter alone is unable to confer sustained islet-specific gene expression in mice, suggesting the existence of distal enhancers that regulate G6pc2 expression. Using information from both mice and humans and knowledge that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both within and near G6PC2 are associated with variations in FBG in humans, we identified several putative enhancers 3' of G6pc2. One region, herein referred to as enhancer I, resides in the 25th intron of Abcb11 and binds multiple islet-enriched transcription factors. CRISPR-mediated deletion of enhancer I in C57BL/6 mice had selective effects on the expression of genes near the G6pc2 locus. In isolated islets, G6pc2 and Spc25 expression were reduced ∼50%, and Gm13613 expression was abolished, whereas Cers6 and nostrin expression were unaffected. This partial reduction in G6pc2 expression enhanced islet insulin secretion at basal glucose concentrations but did not affect FBG or glucose tolerance in vivo, consistent with the absence of a phenotype in G6pc2 heterozygous C57BL/6 mice. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emily M. Hawes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Kelly A. Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Leesa L. Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Cha J, Tong X, Walker EM, Dahan T, Cochrane VA, Ashe S, Russell R, Osipovich AB, Mawla AM, Guo M, Liu JH, Loyd ZA, Huising MO, Magnuson MA, Hebrok M, Dor Y, Stein R. Species-specific roles for the MAFA and MAFB transcription factors in regulating islet β cell identity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166386. [PMID: 37606041 PMCID: PMC10543725 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with compromised identity of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells, characterized by inappropriate production of other islet cell-enriched hormones. Here, we examined how hormone misexpression was influenced by the MAFA and MAFB transcription factors, closely related proteins that maintain islet cell function. Mice specifically lacking MafA in β cells demonstrated broad, population-wide changes in hormone gene expression with an overall gene signature closely resembling islet gastrin+ (Gast+) cells generated under conditions of chronic hyperglycemia and obesity. A human β cell line deficient in MAFB, but not one lacking MAFA, also produced a GAST+ gene expression pattern. In addition, GAST was detected in human T2D β cells with low levels of MAFB. Moreover, evidence is provided that human MAFB can directly repress GAST gene transcription. These results support a potentially novel, species-specific role for MafA and MAFB in maintaining adult mouse and human β cell identity, respectively. Here, we discuss the possibility that induction of Gast/GAST and other non-β cell hormones, by reduction in the levels of these transcription factors, represents a dysfunctional β cell signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Cha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily M. Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tehila Dahan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Veronica A. Cochrane
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronan Russell
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex M. Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jin-hua Liu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zachary A. Loyd
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark O. Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Liu B, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Wright CVE, Magnuson MA. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Sox17-Expressing Lineages Reveals Distinct Gene Regulatory Networks and Dynamic Developmental Trajectories. Stem Cells 2023; 41:643-657. [PMID: 37085274 PMCID: PMC10465087 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the transcription factor SOX17 contributes to hepato-pancreato-biliary system formation and vascular-hematopoietic emergence. To better understand Sox17 function in the developing endoderm and endothelium, we developed a dual-color temporal lineage-tracing strategy in mice combined with single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze 6934 cells from Sox17-expressing lineages at embryonic days 9.0-9.5. Our analyses showed 19 distinct cellular clusters combined from all 3 germ layers. Differential gene expression, trajectory and RNA-velocity analyses of endothelial cells revealed a heterogenous population of uncommitted and specialized endothelial subtypes, including 2 hemogenic populations that arise from different origins. Similarly, analyses of posterior foregut endoderm revealed subsets of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary progenitors with overlapping developmental potency. Calculated gene-regulatory networks predict gene regulons that are dominated by cell type-specific transcription factors unique to each lineage. Vastly different Sox17 regulons found in endoderm versus endothelial cells support the differential interactions of SOX17 with other regulatory factors thereby enabling lineage-specific regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Trinh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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7
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Abarinov V, Levine JA, Churchill AJ, Hopwood B, Deiter CS, Guney MA, Wells KL, Schrunk JM, Guo Y, Hammelman J, Gifford DK, Magnuson MA, Wichterle H, Sussel L. Major β cell-specific functions of NKX2.2 are mediated via the NK2-specific domain. Genes Dev 2023; 37:490-504. [PMID: 37364986 PMCID: PMC10393193 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350569.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The consolidation of unambiguous cell fate commitment relies on the ability of transcription factors (TFs) to exert tissue-specific regulation of complex genetic networks. However, the mechanisms by which TFs establish such precise control over gene expression have remained elusive-especially in instances in which a single TF operates in two or more discrete cellular systems. In this study, we demonstrate that β cell-specific functions of NKX2.2 are driven by the highly conserved NK2-specific domain (SD). Mutation of the endogenous NKX2.2 SD prevents the developmental progression of β cell precursors into mature, insulin-expressing β cells, resulting in overt neonatal diabetes. Within the adult β cell, the SD stimulates β cell performance through the activation and repression of a subset of NKX2.2-regulated transcripts critical for β cell function. These irregularities in β cell gene expression may be mediated via SD-contingent interactions with components of chromatin remodelers and the nuclear pore complex. However, in stark contrast to these pancreatic phenotypes, the SD is entirely dispensable for the development of NKX2.2-dependent cell types within the CNS. Together, these results reveal a previously undetermined mechanism through which NKX2.2 directs disparate transcriptional programs in the pancreas versus neuroepithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Abarinov
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Joshua A Levine
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Angela J Churchill
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bryce Hopwood
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cailin S Deiter
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Michelle A Guney
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Kristen L Wells
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Jessica M Schrunk
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Yuchun Guo
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer Hammelman
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - David K Gifford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA;
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Osipovich AB, Dudek KD, Trinh LT, Kim LH, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Magnuson MA. ZFP92, a KRAB domain zinc finger protein enriched in pancreatic islets, binds to B1/Alu SINE transposable elements and regulates retroelements and genes. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010729. [PMID: 37155670 PMCID: PMC10166502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Repressive KRAB domain-containing zinc-finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are abundant in mammalian genomes and contribute both to the silencing of transposable elements (TEs) and to the regulation of developmental stage- and cell type-specific gene expression. Here we describe studies of zinc finger protein 92 (Zfp92), an X-linked KRAB-ZFP that is highly expressed in pancreatic islets of adult mice, by analyzing global Zfp92 knockout (KO) mice. Physiological, transcriptomic and genome-wide chromatin binding studies indicate that the principal function of ZFP92 in mice is to bind to and suppress the activity of B1/Alu type of SINE elements and modulate the activity of surrounding genomic entities. Deletion of Zfp92 leads to changes in expression of select LINE and LTR retroelements and genes located in the vicinity of ZFP92-bound chromatin. The absence of Zfp92 leads to altered expression of specific genes in islets, adipose and muscle that result in modest sex-specific alterations in blood glucose homeostasis, body mass and fat accumulation. In islets, Zfp92 influences blood glucose concentration in postnatal mice via transcriptional effects on Mafb, whereas in adipose and muscle, it regulates Acacb, a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. In the absence of Zfp92, a novel TE-Capn11 fusion transcript is overexpressed in islets and several other tissues due to de-repression of an IAPez TE adjacent to ZFP92-bound SINE elements in intron 3 of the Capn11 gene. Together, these studies show that ZFP92 functions both to repress specific TEs and to regulate the transcription of specific genes in discrete tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Karrie D. Dudek
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linh T. Trinh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lily H. Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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9
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Ho KH, Jayathilake A, Yagan M, Nour A, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, Gu G, Kaverina I. CAMSAP2 localizes to the Golgi in islet β-cells and facilitates Golgi-ER trafficking. iScience 2023; 26:105938. [PMID: 36718359 PMCID: PMC9883185 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose stimulation induces the remodeling of microtubules, which potentiates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. CAMSAP2 binds to microtubule minus ends to stabilize microtubules in several cultured clonal cells. Here, we report that the knockdown of CAMSAP2 in primary β-cells reduces total insulin content and attenuates GSIS without affecting the releasability of insulin vesicles. Surprisingly, CAMSAP2 knockdown does not change microtubule stability. Unlike in cultured insulinoma cells, CAMSAP2 in primary β-cells predominantly localizes to the Golgi apparatus instead of microtubule minus ends. This novel localization is specific to primary β- but not α-cells and is independent of microtubule binding. Consistent with its specific localization at the Golgi, CAMSAP2 promotes efficient Golgi-ER trafficking in primary β-cells. Moreover, primary β-cells and insulinoma cells likely express different CAMSAP2 isoforms. We propose that a novel CAMSAP2 isoform in primary β-cells has a non-canonical function, which promotes Golgi-ER trafficking to support efficient production of insulin and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anissa Jayathilake
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mahircan Yagan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aisha Nour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lee HY, Jang HR, Li H, Samuel VT, Dudek KD, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, Sklar J, Shulman GI. Deletion of Jazf1 gene causes early growth retardation and insulin resistance in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2213628119. [PMID: 36442127 PMCID: PMC9894197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213628119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 (JAZF1) gene have repeatedly been associated with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and height in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS); however, the mechanism by which JAZF1 causes these traits is not yet known. To investigate the possible functional role of JAZF1 in growth and glucose metabolism in vivo, we generated Jazf1 knockout (KO) mice and examined body composition and insulin sensitivity both in young and adult mice by using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp techniques. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were reduced in both young and adult Jazf1 KO mice, and young Jazf1 KO mice were shorter in stature than age-matched wild-type mice. Young Jazf1 KO mice manifested reduced fat mass, whereas adult Jazf1 KO mice manifested increased fat mass and reductions in lean body mass associated with increased plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations. Adult Jazf1 KO manifested muscle insulin resistance that was further exacerbated by high-fat diet feeding. Gene set enrichment analysis in Jazf1 KO liver identified the hepatocyte hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), which was decreased in Jazf1 KO liver and in JAZF1 knockdown cells. Moreover, GH-induced IGF-1 expression was inhibited by JAZF1 knockdown in human hepatocytes. Taken together these results demonstrate that reduction of JAZF1 leads to early growth retardation and late onset insulin resistance in vivo which may be mediated through alterations in the GH-IGF-1 axis and HNF4α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Young Lee
- aLaboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon21999, Korea
- bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon21999, Korea
- cKorea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon21999, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Jang
- aLaboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon21999, Korea
- bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon21999, Korea
| | - Hui Li
- dDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Varman T. Samuel
- eDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- fWest Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Karrie D. Dudek
- gDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- hDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN37232
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- hDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN37232
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
| | - Jeffrey Sklar
- iDepartment of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New HavenCT06510
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- eDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- jDepartment of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
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11
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Sampson L, Wong J, Wright CV, Magnuson MA. Differential regulation of alternate promoter regions in Sox17 during endodermal and vascular endothelial development. iScience 2022; 25:104905. [PMID: 36046192 PMCID: PMC9421400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox17 gene expression is essential for both endothelial and endodermal cell differentiation. To better understand the genetic basis for the expression of multiple Sox17 mRNA forms, we identified and performed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of two evolutionarily conserved promoter regions (CRs). The deletion of the upstream and endothelial cell-specific CR1 caused only a modest increase in lympho-vasculogenesis likely via reduced Notch signaling downstream of SOX17. In contrast, the deletion of the downstream CR2 region, which functions in both endothelial and endodermal cells, impairs both vascular and endodermal development causing death by embryonic day 12.5. Analyses of 3D chromatin looping, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility data at the Sox17 locus and surrounding region further support differential regulation of the two promoters during the development. Two Sox17 conserved regions (CR1/CR2) are differentially active during embryogenesis CR1 deletion increases lympho-vasculogenesis by reducing Sox17 and Notch signaling CR2 deletion lethally impairs hepatopancreatobiliary and vascular development Transcription factors bind at CR1 and a distal element interacts with CR2
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T. Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leesa Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Wong
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chris V.E. Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding author
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12
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Trogden KP, Lee J, Bracey KM, Ho KH, McKinney H, Zhu X, Arpag G, Folland TG, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, Zanic M, Gu G, Holmes WR, Kaverina I. Microtubules regulate pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity via spatiotemporal control of insulin secretion hot spots. eLife 2021; 10:59912. [PMID: 34783306 PMCID: PMC8635970 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic islets is physiologically important but poorly understood. Here, we utilize mouse islets to determine how microtubules (MTs) affect secretion toward the vascular extracellular matrix at single cell and subcellular levels. Our data indicate that MT stability in the β-cell population is heterogenous, and that GSIS is suppressed in cells with highly stable MTs. Consistently, MT hyper-stabilization prevents, and MT depolymerization promotes the capacity of single β-cell for GSIS. Analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of secretion events shows that MT depolymerization activates otherwise dormant β-cells via initiation of secretion clusters (hot spots). MT depolymerization also enhances secretion from individual cells, introducing both additional clusters and scattered events. Interestingly, without MTs, the timing of clustered secretion is dysregulated, extending the first phase of GSIS and causing oversecretion. In contrast, glucose-induced Ca2+ influx was not affected by MT depolymerization yet required for secretion under these conditions, indicating that MT-dependent regulation of secretion hot spots acts in parallel with Ca2+ signaling. Our findings uncover a novel MT function in tuning insulin secretion hot spots, which leads to accurately measured and timed response to glucose stimuli and promotes functional β-cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Trogden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kai M Bracey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Hudson McKinney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Goker Arpag
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Marija Zanic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - William R Holmes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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13
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Dudek KD, Osipovich AB, Cartailler JP, Gu G, Magnuson MA. Insm1, Neurod1, and Pax6 promote murine pancreatic endocrine cell development through overlapping yet distinct RNA transcription and splicing programs. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:6358139. [PMID: 34534285 PMCID: PMC8527475 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insm1, Neurod1, and Pax6 are essential for the formation and function of pancreatic endocrine cells. Here, we report comparative immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, functional enrichment, and RNA splicing analyses of these genes using gene knock-out mice. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that elimination of each of these three factors variably impairs the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of endocrine cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that each factor contributes uniquely to the transcriptome although their effects were overlapping. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes downregulated by the elimination of Insm1, Neurod1, and Pax6 are commonly involved in mRNA metabolism, chromatin organization, secretion, and cell cycle regulation, and upregulated genes are associated with protein degradation, autophagy, and apoptotic process. Elimination of Insm1, Neurod1, and Pax6 impaired expression of many RNA-binding proteins thereby altering RNA splicing events, including for Syt14 and Snap25, two genes required for insulin secretion. All three factors are necessary for normal splicing of Syt14, and both Insm1 and Pax6 are necessary for the processing of Snap25. Collectively, these data provide new insights into how Insm1, Neurod1, and Pax6 contribute to the formation of functional pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie D Dudek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Guoquing Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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14
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Sanavia T, Huang C, Manduchi E, Xu Y, Dadi PK, Potter LA, Jacobson DA, Di Camillo B, Magnuson MA, Stoeckert CJ, Gu G. Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Patterns Driving β-Cell Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648791. [PMID: 34017831 PMCID: PMC8129579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly differentiated pancreatic β cells lack proper insulin secretion profiles of mature functional β cells. The global gene expression differences between paired immature and mature β cells have been studied, but the dynamics of transcriptional events, correlating with temporal development of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), remain to be fully defined. This aspect is important to identify which genes and pathways are necessary for β-cell development or for maturation, as defective insulin secretion is linked with diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we assayed through RNA sequencing the global gene expression across six β-cell developmental stages in mice, spanning from β-cell progenitor to mature β cells. A computational pipeline then selected genes differentially expressed with respect to progenitors and clustered them into groups with distinct temporal patterns associated with biological functions and pathways. These patterns were finally correlated with experimental GSIS, calcium influx, and insulin granule formation data. Gene expression temporal profiling revealed the timing of important biological processes across β-cell maturation, such as the deregulation of β-cell developmental pathways and the activation of molecular machineries for vesicle biosynthesis and transport, signal transduction of transmembrane receptors, and glucose-induced Ca2+ influx, which were established over a week before β-cell maturation completes. In particular, β cells developed robust insulin secretion at high glucose several days after birth, coincident with the establishment of glucose-induced calcium influx. Yet the neonatal β cells displayed high basal insulin secretion, which decreased to the low levels found in mature β cells only a week later. Different genes associated with calcium-mediated processes, whose alterations are linked with insulin resistance and deregulation of glucose homeostasis, showed increased expression across β-cell stages, in accordance with the temporal acquisition of proper GSIS. Our temporal gene expression pattern analysis provided a comprehensive database of the underlying molecular components and biological mechanisms driving β-cell maturation at different temporal stages, which are fundamental for better control of the in vitro production of functional β cells from human embryonic stem/induced pluripotent cell for transplantation-based type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Sanavia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chen Huang
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Leah A Potter
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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15
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Osipovich AB, Dudek KD, Greenfest-Allen E, Cartailler JP, Manduchi E, Potter Case L, Choi E, Chapman AG, Clayton HW, Gu G, Stoeckert CJ, Magnuson MA. A developmental lineage-based gene co-expression network for mouse pancreatic β-cells reveals a role for Zfp800 in pancreas development. Development 2021; 148:dev.196964. [PMID: 33653874 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of pancreatic β-cell development, we used iterative weighted gene correlation network analysis to calculate a gene co-expression network (GCN) from 11 temporally and genetically defined murine cell populations. The GCN, which contained 91 distinct modules, was then used to gain three new biological insights. First, we found that the clustered protocadherin genes are differentially expressed during pancreas development. Pcdhγ genes are preferentially expressed in pancreatic endoderm, Pcdhβ genes in nascent islets, and Pcdhα genes in mature β-cells. Second, after extracting sub-networks of transcriptional regulators for each developmental stage, we identified 81 zinc finger protein (ZFP) genes that are preferentially expressed during endocrine specification and β-cell maturation. Third, we used the GCN to select three ZFPs for further analysis by CRISPR mutagenesis of mice. Zfp800 null mice exhibited early postnatal lethality, and at E18.5 their pancreata exhibited a reduced number of pancreatic endocrine cells, alterations in exocrine cell morphology, and marked changes in expression of genes involved in protein translation, hormone secretion and developmental pathways in the pancreas. Together, our results suggest that developmentally oriented GCNs have utility for gaining new insights into gene regulation during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karrie D Dudek
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Emily Greenfest-Allen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leah Potter Case
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Austin G Chapman
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hannah W Clayton
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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16
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Ho KH, Yang X, Osipovich AB, Cabrera O, Hayashi ML, Magnuson MA, Gu G, Kaverina I. Glucose Regulates Microtubule Disassembly and the Dose of Insulin Secretion via Tau Phosphorylation. Diabetes 2020; 69:1936-1947. [PMID: 32540877 PMCID: PMC7458041 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton of pancreatic islet β-cells regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We have reported that the microtubule-mediated movement of insulin vesicles away from the plasma membrane limits insulin secretion. High glucose-induced remodeling of microtubule network facilitates robust GSIS. This remodeling involves disassembly of old microtubules and nucleation of new microtubules. Here, we examine the mechanisms whereby glucose stimulation decreases microtubule lifetimes in β-cells. Using real-time imaging of photoconverted microtubules, we demonstrate that high levels of glucose induce rapid microtubule disassembly preferentially in the periphery of individual β-cells, and this process is mediated by the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau. Specifically, high glucose induces tau hyper-phosphorylation via glucose-responsive kinases GSK3, PKA, PKC, and CDK5. This causes dissociation of tau from and subsequent destabilization of microtubules. Consequently, tau knockdown in mouse islet β-cells facilitates microtubule turnover, causing increased basal insulin secretion, depleting insulin vesicles from the cytoplasm, and impairing GSIS. More importantly, tau knockdown uncouples microtubule destabilization from glucose stimulation. These findings suggest that tau suppresses peripheral microtubules turning over to restrict insulin oversecretion in basal conditions and preserve the insulin pool that can be released following stimulation; high glucose promotes tau phosphorylation to enhance microtubule disassembly to acutely enhance GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaodun Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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17
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Osipovich AB, Stancill JS, Cartailler JP, Dudek KD, Magnuson MA. Excitotoxicity and Overnutrition Additively Impair Metabolic Function and Identity of Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1476-1491. [PMID: 32332159 PMCID: PMC7809715 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration (referred to hereafter as excitotoxicity), brought on by chronic metabolic stress, may contribute to pancreatic β-cell failure. To determine the additive effects of excitotoxicity and overnutrition on β-cell function and gene expression, we analyzed the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on Abcc8 knockout mice. Excitotoxicity caused β-cells to be more susceptible to HFD-induced impairment of glucose homeostasis, and these effects were mitigated by verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. Excitotoxicity, overnutrition, and the combination of both stresses caused similar but distinct alterations in the β-cell transcriptome, including additive increases in genes associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis and their key regulator Ppargc1a Overnutrition worsened excitotoxicity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increasing metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial damage. In addition, excitotoxicity and overnutrition, individually and together, impaired both β-cell function and identity by reducing expression of genes important for insulin secretion, cell polarity, cell junction, cilia, cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking, and regulation of β-cell epigenetic and transcriptional program. Sex had an impact on all β-cell responses, with male animals exhibiting greater metabolic stress-induced impairments than females. Together, these findings indicate that a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+, by altering mitochondrial function and impairing β-cell identity, augments overnutrition-induced β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Karrie D Dudek
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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18
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Cogné B, Latypova X, Senaratne LDS, Martin L, Koboldt DC, Kellaris G, Fievet L, Le Meur G, Caldari D, Debray D, Nizon M, Frengen E, Bowne SJ, Cadena EL, Daiger SP, Bujakowska KM, Pierce EA, Gorin M, Katsanis N, Bézieau S, Petersen-Jones SM, Occelli LM, Lyons LA, Legeai-Mallet L, Sullivan LS, Davis EE, Isidor B, Buckley RM, Aberdein D, Alves PC, Barsh GS, Bellone RR, Bergström TF, Boyko AR, Brockman JA, Casal ML, Castelhano MG, Distl O, Dodman NH, Ellinwood NM, Fogle JE, Forman OP, Garrick DJ, Ginns EI, Häggström J, Harvey RJ, Hasegawa D, Haase B, Helps CR, Hernandez I, Hytönen MK, Kaukonen M, Kaelin CB, Kosho T, Leclerc E, Lear TL, Leeb T, Li RH, Lohi H, Longeri M, Magnuson MA, Malik R, Mane SP, Munday JS, Murphy WJ, Pedersen NC, Rothschild MF, Rusbridge C, Shapiro B, Stern JA, Swanson WF, Terio KA, Todhunter RJ, Warren WC, Wilcox EA, Wildschutte JH, Yu Y. Mutations in the Kinesin-2 Motor KIF3B Cause an Autosomal-Dominant Ciliopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:893-904. [PMID: 32386558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-2 enables ciliary assembly and maintenance as an anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor. Molecular motor activity is driven by a heterotrimeric complex comprised of KIF3A and KIF3B or KIF3C plus one non-motor subunit, KIFAP3. Using exome sequencing, we identified heterozygous KIF3B variants in two unrelated families with hallmark ciliopathy phenotypes. In the first family, the proband presents with hepatic fibrosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and postaxial polydactyly; he harbors a de novo c.748G>C (p.Glu250Gln) variant affecting the kinesin motor domain encoded by KIF3B. The second family is a six-generation pedigree affected predominantly by retinitis pigmentosa. Affected individuals carry a heterozygous c.1568T>C (p.Leu523Pro) KIF3B variant segregating in an autosomal-dominant pattern. We observed a significant increase in primary cilia length in vitro in the context of either of the two mutations while variant KIF3B proteins retained stability indistinguishable from wild type. Furthermore, we tested the effects of KIF3B mutant mRNA expression in the developing zebrafish retina. In the presence of either missense variant, rhodopsin was sequestered to the photoreceptor rod inner segment layer with a concomitant increase in photoreceptor cilia length. Notably, impaired rhodopsin trafficking is also characteristic of recessive KIF3B models as exemplified by an early-onset, autosomal-recessive, progressive retinal degeneration in Bengal cats; we identified a c.1000G>A (p.Ala334Thr) KIF3B variant by genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing. Together, our genetic, cell-based, and in vivo modeling data delineate an autosomal-dominant syndromic retinal ciliopathy in humans and suggest that multiple KIF3B pathomechanisms can impair kinesin-driven ciliary transport in the photoreceptor.
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19
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Fujiyama T, Miyashita S, Tsuneoka Y, Kanemaru K, Kakizaki M, Kanno S, Ishikawa Y, Yamashita M, Owa T, Nagaoka M, Kawaguchi Y, Yanagawa Y, Magnuson MA, Muratani M, Shibuya A, Nabeshima YI, Yanagisawa M, Funato H, Hoshino M. Forebrain Ptf1a Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain. Cell Rep 2019; 24:79-94. [PMID: 29972793 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain undergoes sexual differentiation by gonadal hormones during the perinatal critical period. However, the machinery at earlier stages has not been well studied. We found that Ptf1a is expressed in certain neuroepithelial cells and immature neurons around the third ventricle that give rise to various neurons in several hypothalamic nuclei. We show that conditional Ptf1a-deficient mice (Ptf1a cKO) exhibit abnormalities in sex-biased behaviors and reproductive organs in both sexes. Gonadal hormone administration to gonadectomized animals revealed that the abnormal behavior is caused by disorganized sexual development of the knockout brain. Accordingly, expression of sex-biased genes was severely altered in the cKO hypothalamus. In particular, Kiss1, important for sexual differentiation of the brain, was drastically reduced in the cKO hypothalamus, which may contribute to the observed phenotypes in the Ptf1a cKO. These findings suggest that forebrain Ptf1a is one of the earliest regulators for sexual differentiation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | | | - Kazumasa Kanemaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miyo Kakizaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satomi Kanno
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoo Owa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mai Nagaoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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20
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Katholnig K, Schütz B, Fritsch SD, Schörghofer D, Linke M, Sukhbaatar N, Matschinger JM, Unterleuthner D, Hirtl M, Lang M, Herac M, Spittler A, Bergthaler A, Schabbauer G, Bergmann M, Dolznig H, Hengstschläger M, Magnuson MA, Mikula M, Weichhart T. Inactivation of mTORC2 in macrophages is a signature of colorectal cancer that promotes tumorigenesis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124164. [PMID: 31619583 PMCID: PMC6824305 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a potentially novel and promising anticancer target due to its critical roles in proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. However, the activity and function of mTORC2 in distinct cells within malignant tissue in vivo is insufficiently explored. Surprisingly, in primary human and mouse colorectal cancer (CRC) samples, mTORC2 signaling could not be detected in tumor cells. In contrast, only macrophages in tumor-adjacent areas showed mTORC2 activity, which was downregulated in stromal macrophages residing within human and mouse tumor tissues. Functionally, inhibition of mTORC2 by specific deletion of Rictor in macrophages stimulated tumorigenesis in a colitis-associated CRC mouse model. This phenotype was driven by a proinflammatory reprogramming of mTORC2-deficient macrophages that promoted colitis via the cytokine SPP1/osteopontin to stimulate tumor growth. In human CRC patients, high SPP1 levels and low mTORC2 activity in tumor-associated macrophages correlated with a worsened clinical prognosis. Treatment of mice with a second-generation mTOR inhibitor that inhibits mTORC2 and mTORC1 exacerbated experimental colorectal tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, mTORC2 activity is confined to macrophages in CRC and limits tumorigenesis. These results suggest activation but not inhibition of mTORC2 as a therapeutic strategy for colitis-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Katholnig
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Birgit Schütz
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | - David Schörghofer
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | | | | | - Martin Hirtl
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | | | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
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21
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Spaeth JM, Liu JH, Peters D, Guo M, Osipovich AB, Mohammadi F, Roy N, Bhushan A, Magnuson MA, Hebrok M, Wright CVE, Stein R. The Pdx1-Bound Swi/Snf Chromatin Remodeling Complex Regulates Pancreatic Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Mature Islet β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2019; 68:1806-1818. [PMID: 31201281 PMCID: PMC6702633 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors positively and/or negatively impact gene expression by recruiting coregulatory factors, which interact through protein-protein binding. Here we demonstrate that mouse pancreas size and islet β-cell function are controlled by the ATP-dependent Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling coregulatory complex that physically associates with Pdx1, a diabetes-linked transcription factor essential to pancreatic morphogenesis and adult islet cell function and maintenance. Early embryonic deletion of just the Swi/Snf Brg1 ATPase subunit reduced multipotent pancreatic progenitor cell proliferation and resulted in pancreas hypoplasia. In contrast, removal of both Swi/Snf ATPase subunits, Brg1 and Brm, was necessary to compromise adult islet β-cell activity, which included whole-animal glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin secretion. Notably, lineage-tracing analysis revealed Swi/Snf-deficient β-cells lost the ability to produce the mRNAs for Ins and other key metabolic genes without effecting the expression of many essential islet-enriched transcription factors. Swi/Snf was necessary for Pdx1 to bind to the Ins gene enhancer, demonstrating the importance of this association in mediating chromatin accessibility. These results illustrate how fundamental the Pdx1:Swi/Snf coregulator complex is in the pancreas, and we discuss how disrupting their association could influence type 1 and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jin-Hua Liu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Peters
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Fardin Mohammadi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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22
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Wen HJ, Gao S, Wang Y, Ray M, Magnuson MA, Wright CV, Di Magliano MP, Frankel TL, Crawford HC. Myeloid Cell-Derived HB-EGF Drives Tissue Recovery After Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:173-192. [PMID: 31125624 PMCID: PMC6661420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for pancreatic tumorigenesis. Upon tissue damage, an inflammatory response, made up largely of macrophages, provides multiple growth factors that promote repair. Here, we examine the molecular pathways initiated by macrophages to promote pancreas recovery from pancreatitis. METHODS To induce organ damage, mice were subjected to cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis and analyzed at various times of recovery. CD11b-DTR mice were used to deplete myeloid cells. Hbegff/f;LysM-Cre mice were used to ablate myeloid cell-derived heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF). To ablate EGFR specifically during recovery, pancreatitis was induced in Egfrf/f;Ptf1aFlpO/+;FSF-Rosa26CAG-CreERT2 mice followed by tamoxifen treatment. RESULTS Macrophages infiltrating the pancreas in experimental pancreatitis make high levels of HB-EGF. Both depletion of myeloid cells and ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF delayed recovery from experimental pancreatitis, resulting from a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Mechanistically, ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF impaired epithelial cell DNA repair, ultimately leading to cell death. Soluble HB-EGF induced EGFR nuclear translocation and methylation of histone H4, facilitating resolution of DNA damage in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Consistent with its role as the primary receptor of HB-EGF, in vivo ablation of EGFR from pancreatic epithelium during recovery from pancreatitis resulted in accumulation of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS By using novel conditional knockout mouse models, we determined that HB-EGF derived exclusively from myeloid cells induces epithelial cell proliferation and EGFR-dependent DNA repair, facilitating pancreas healing after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Ray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Marina Pasca Di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Howard Crawford, PhD, University of Michigan, 4304 Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5936, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5936. fax: (734) 647–9654.
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23
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Stancill JS, Osipovich AB, Cartailler JP, Magnuson MA. Transgene-associated human growth hormone expression in pancreatic β-cells impairs identification of sex-based gene expression differences. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E196-E209. [PMID: 30532991 PMCID: PMC6397359 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00229.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent protein reporter genes are widely used to identify and sort murine pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we compared use of the MIP-GFP transgene, which exhibits aberrant expression of human growth hormone (hGH), with a newly derived Ins2Apple allele that lacks hGH expression on the expression of sex-specific genes. β-Cells from MIP-GFP transgenic mice exhibit changes in the expression of 7,733 genes, or greater than half of their transcriptome, compared with β-cells from Ins2Apple/+ mice. To determine how these differences might affect a typical differential gene expression study, we analyzed the effect of sex on gene expression using both reporter lines. Six hundred fifty-seven differentially expressed genes were identified between male and female β-cells containing the Ins2Apple allele. Female β-cells exhibit higher expression of Xist, Tmed9, Arpc3, Eml2, and several islet-enriched transcription factors, including Nkx2-2 and Hnf4a, whereas male β-cells exhibited a generally higher expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. In marked contrast, the same male vs. female comparison of β-cells containing the MIP-GFP transgene revealed only 115 differentially expressed genes, and comparison of the 2 lists of differentially expressed genes revealed only 17 that were common to both analyses. These results indicate that 1) male and female β-cells differ in their expression of key transcription factors and cell cycle regulators and 2) the MIP-GFP transgene may attenuate sex-specific differences that distinguish male and female β-cells, thereby impairing the identification of sex-specific variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stancill
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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24
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Cigliola V, Ghila L, Thorel F, van Gurp L, Baronnier D, Oropeza D, Gupta S, Miyatsuka T, Kaneto H, Magnuson MA, Osipovich AB, Sander M, Wright CEV, Thomas MK, Furuyama K, Chera S, Herrera PL. Pancreatic islet-autonomous insulin and smoothened-mediated signalling modulate identity changes of glucagon + α-cells. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1267-1277. [PMID: 30361701 PMCID: PMC6215453 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms restricting regeneration and maintaining cell identity following injury are poorly characterized in higher vertebrates. Upon β-cell loss, 1–2% of the glucagon-producing α-cells spontaneously engage in insulin production in mice. Here we explore the mechanisms inhibiting α-cell plasticity. We show that the adaptive α-cell identity changes are constrained by intra-islet Insulin- and Smoothened-mediated signaling, among others. The combination of β-cell loss, or insulin signaling inhibition, with Smoothened inactivation in α- or δ-cells, stimulates insulin production in more α-cells. These findings suggest that removing constitutive “brake signals” is crucial for neutralizing the refractoriness to adaptive cell-fate changes. It appears that cell identity maintenance is an active process mediated by repressive signals, released by neighbor cells, curbing an intrinsic trend of differentiated cells to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léon van Gurp
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Gupta
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine , Juntendo University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E V Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Bankaitis ED, Bechard ME, Gu G, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. ROCK-nmMyoII, Notch and Neurog3 gene-dosage link epithelial morphogenesis with cell fate in the pancreatic endocrine-progenitor niche. Development 2018; 145:dev.162115. [PMID: 30126902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During mouse pancreas organogenesis, endocrine cells are born from progenitors residing in an epithelial plexus niche. After a period in a lineage-primed Neurog3LO state, progenitors become endocrine committed via upregulation of Neurog3 We find that the Neurog3LO to Neurog3HI transition is associated with distinct stages of an epithelial egression process: narrowing the apical surface of the cell, basalward cell movement and eventual cell-rear detachment from the apical lumen surface to allow clustering as nascent islets under the basement membrane. Apical narrowing, basalward movement and Neurog3 transcriptional upregulation still occur without Neurog3 protein, suggesting that morphogenetic cues deployed within the plexus initiate endocrine commitment upstream or independently of Neurog3. Neurog3 is required for cell-rear detachment and complete endocrine-cell birth. The ROCK-nmMyoII pathway coordinates epithelial-cell morphogenesis and the progression through Neurog3-expressing states. NmMyoII is necessary for apical narrowing, basalward cell displacement and Neurog3 upregulation, but all three are limited by ROCK activity. We propose that ROCK-nmMyoII activity, Neurog3 gene-dose and Notch signaling integrate endocrine fate allocation with epithelial plexus growth and morphogenesis, representing a feedback control circuit that coordinates morphogenesis with lineage diversification in the endocrine-birth niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Potts A, Uchida A, Deja S, Berglund ED, Kucejova B, Duarte JA, Fu X, Browning JD, Magnuson MA, Burgess SC. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as a cataplerotic pathway in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G249-G258. [PMID: 29631378 PMCID: PMC6139646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00039.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a gluconeogenic enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver and kidney but is also expressed at lower levels in a variety of other tissues where it may play adjunct roles in fatty acid esterification, amino acid metabolism, and/or TCA cycle function. PEPCK is expressed in the enterocytes of the small intestine, but it is unclear whether it supports a gluconeogenic rate sufficient to affect glucose homeostasis. To examine potential roles of intestinal PEPCK, we generated an intestinal PEPCK knockout mouse. Deletion of intestinal PEPCK ablated ex vivo gluconeogenesis but did not significantly affect glycemia in chow, high-fat diet, or streptozotocin-treated mice. In contrast, postprandial triglyceride secretion from the intestine was attenuated in vivo, consistent with a role in fatty acid esterification. Intestinal amino acid profiles and 13C tracer appearance into these pools were significantly altered, indicating abnormal amino acid trafficking through the enterocyte. The data suggest that the predominant role of PEPCK in the small intestine of mice is not gluconeogenesis but rather to support nutrient processing, particularly with regard to lipids and amino acids. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The small intestine expresses gluconeogenic enzymes for unknown reasons. In addition to glucose synthesis, the nascent steps of this pathway can be used to support amino acid and lipid metabolisms. When phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, an essential gluconeogenic enzyme, is knocked out of the small intestine of mice, glycemia is unaffected, but mice inefficiently absorb dietary lipid, have abnormal amino acid profiles, and inefficiently catabolize glutamine. Therefore, the initial steps of intestinal gluconeogenesis are used for processing dietary triglycerides and metabolizing amino acids but are not essential for maintaining blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Potts
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aki Uchida
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eric D. Berglund
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joao A. Duarte
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey D. Browning
- 3Department of Clinical Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,4Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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27
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Huang C, Walker EM, Dadi PK, Hu R, Xu Y, Zhang W, Sanavia T, Mun J, Liu J, Nair GG, Tan HYA, Wang S, Magnuson MA, Stoeckert CJ, Hebrok M, Gannon M, Han W, Stein R, Jacobson DA, Gu G. Synaptotagmin 4 Regulates Pancreatic β Cell Maturation by Modulating the Ca 2+ Sensitivity of Insulin Secretion Vesicles. Dev Cell 2018; 45:347-361.e5. [PMID: 29656931 PMCID: PMC5962294 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Islet β cells from newborn mammals exhibit high basal insulin secretion and poor glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Here we show that β cells of newborns secrete more insulin than adults in response to similar intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, suggesting differences in the Ca2+ sensitivity of insulin secretion. Synaptotagmin 4 (Syt4), a non-Ca2+ binding paralog of the β cell Ca2+ sensor Syt7, increased by ∼8-fold during β cell maturation. Syt4 ablation increased basal insulin secretion and compromised GSIS. Precocious Syt4 expression repressed basal insulin secretion but also impaired islet morphogenesis and GSIS. Syt4 was localized on insulin granules and Syt4 levels inversely related to the number of readily releasable vesicles. Thus, transcriptional regulation of Syt4 affects insulin secretion; Syt4 expression is regulated in part by Myt transcription factors, which repress Syt4 transcription. Finally, human SYT4 regulated GSIS in EndoC-βH1 cells, a human β cell line. These findings reveal the role that altered Ca2+ sensing plays in regulating β cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Program of Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ruiying Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Program of Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Program of Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tiziana Sanavia
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jisoo Mun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer Liu
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Hwee Yim Angeline Tan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Program of Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Program of Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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28
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Bechard ME, Bankaitis ED, Ustione A, Piston DW, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. FUCCI tracking shows cell-cycle-dependent Neurog3 variation in pancreatic progenitors. Genesis 2018; 55. [PMID: 28772022 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During pancreas organogenesis, Neurog3HI endocrine-committing cells are generated from a population of Sox9+ mitotic progenitors with only a low level of Neurog3 transcriptional activity (Neurog3TA.LO ). Low-level Neurog3 protein, in Neurog3TA.LO cells, is required to maintain their mitotic endocrine-lineage-primed status. Herein, we describe a Neurog3-driven FUCCI cell-cycle reporter (Neurog3P2A.FUCCI ) derived from a Neurog3 BAC transgenic reporter that functions as a loxed cassette acceptor (LCA). In cycling Sox9+ Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, the majority of cells in S-G2 -M phases have undetectable levels of Neurog3 with increased expression of endocrine progenitor markers, while those in G1 have low Neurog3 levels with increased expression of endocrine differentiation markers. These findings support a model in which variations in Neurog3 protein levels are coordinated with cell-cycle phase progression in Neurog3TA.LO progenitors with entrance into G1 triggering a concerted effort, beyond increasing Neurog3 levels, to maintain an endocrine-lineage-primed state by initiating expression of the downstream endocrine differentiation program prior to endocrine-commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric D Bankaitis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
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29
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30
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Spaeth JM, Gupte M, Perelis M, Yang YP, Cyphert H, Guo S, Liu JH, Guo M, Bass J, Magnuson MA, Wright C, Stein R. Defining a Novel Role for the Pdx1 Transcription Factor in Islet β-Cell Maturation and Proliferation During Weaning. Diabetes 2017; 66:2830-2839. [PMID: 28705881 PMCID: PMC5652607 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor encoded by the Pdx1 gene is a critical transcriptional regulator, as it has fundamental actions in the formation of all pancreatic cell types, islet β-cell development, and adult islet β-cell function. Transgenic- and cell line-based experiments have identified 5'-flanking conserved sequences that control pancreatic and β-cell type-specific transcription, which are found within areas I (bp -2694 to -2561), II (bp -2139 to -1958), III (bp -1879 to -1799), and IV (bp -6200 to -5670). Because of the presence in area IV of binding sites for transcription factors associated with pancreas development and islet cell function, we analyzed how an endogenous deletion mutant affected Pdx1 expression embryonically and postnatally. The most striking result was observed in male Pdx1ΔIV mutant mice after 3 weeks of birth (i.e., the onset of weaning), with only a small effect on pancreas organogenesis and no deficiencies in their female counterparts. Compromised Pdx1 mRNA and protein levels in weaned male mutant β-cells were tightly linked with hyperglycemia, decreased β-cell proliferation, reduced β-cell area, and altered expression of Pdx1-bound genes that are important in β-cell replication, endoplasmic reticulum function, and mitochondrial activity. We discuss the impact of these novel findings to Pdx1 gene regulation and islet β-cell maturation postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark Perelis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Holly Cyphert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Shuangli Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jin-Hua Liu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher Wright
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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31
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Stancill JS, Cartailler JP, Clayton HW, O'Connor JT, Dickerson MT, Dadi PK, Osipovich AB, Jacobson DA, Magnuson MA. Chronic β-Cell Depolarization Impairs β-Cell Identity by Disrupting a Network of Ca 2+-Regulated Genes. Diabetes 2017; 66:2175-2187. [PMID: 28550109 PMCID: PMC5521870 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We used mice lacking Abcc8, a key component of the β-cell KATP-channel, to analyze the effects of a sustained elevation in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) on β-cell identity and gene expression. Lineage tracing analysis revealed the conversion of β-cells lacking Abcc8 into pancreatic polypeptide cells but not to α- or δ-cells. RNA-sequencing analysis of FACS-purified Abcc8-/- β-cells confirmed an increase in Ppy gene expression and revealed altered expression of more than 4,200 genes, many of which are involved in Ca2+ signaling, the maintenance of β-cell identity, and cell adhesion. The expression of S100a6 and S100a4, two highly upregulated genes, is closely correlated with membrane depolarization, suggesting their use as markers for an increase in [Ca2+]i Moreover, a bioinformatics analysis predicts that many of the dysregulated genes are regulated by common transcription factors, one of which, Ascl1, was confirmed to be directly controlled by Ca2+ influx in β-cells. Interestingly, among the upregulated genes is Aldh1a3, a putative marker of β-cell dedifferentiation, and other genes associated with β-cell failure. Taken together, our results suggest that chronically elevated β-cell [Ca2+]i in Abcc8-/- islets contributes to the alteration of β-cell identity, islet cell numbers and morphology, and gene expression by disrupting a network of Ca2+-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stancill
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Hannah W Clayton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - James T O'Connor
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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32
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Tassone B, Saoncella S, Neri F, Ala U, Brusa D, Magnuson MA, Provero P, Oliviero S, Riganti C, Calautti E. Rictor/mTORC2 deficiency enhances keratinocyte stress tolerance via mitohormesis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:731-746. [PMID: 28211872 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How metabolic pathways required for epidermal tissue growth and remodeling influence the ability of keratinocytes to survive stressful conditions is still largely unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates growth and metabolism of several tissues, but its functions in epidermal cells are poorly defined. Rictor is an adaptor protein essential for mTORC2 activity. To explore the roles of mTORC2 in the epidermis, we have conditionally deleted rictor in mice via K14-Cre-mediated homologous recombination and found that its deficiency causes moderate tissue hypoplasia, reduced keratinocyte proliferation and attenuated hyperplastic response to TPA. Noteworthy, rictor-deficient keratinocytes displayed increased lifespan, protection from senescence, and enhanced tolerance to cellular stressors such as growth factors deprivation, epirubicin and X-ray in vitro and radioresistance in vivo. Rictor-deficient keratinocytes exhibited changes in global gene expression profiles consistent with metabolic alterations and enhanced stress tolerance, a shift in cell catabolic processes from glycids and lipids to glutamine consumption and increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanistically, the resiliency of rictor-deficient epidermal cells relies on these ROS increases, indicating stress resistance via mitohormesis. Thus, our findings reveal a new link between metabolic changes and stress adaptation of keratinocytes centered on mTORC2 activity, with potential implications in skin aging and therapeutic resistance of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Saoncella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enzo Calautti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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33
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Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Stein R, Wright CVE. The mammal-specific Pdx1 Area II enhancer has multiple essential functions in early endocrine cell specification and postnatal β-cell maturation. Development 2016; 144:248-257. [PMID: 27993987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for multiple aspects of pancreatic organogenesis. It remains unclear to what extent Pdx1 expression and function depend upon trans-activation through 5' conserved cis-regulatory regions and, in particular, whether the mammal-specific Area II (-2139 to -1958 bp) affects minor or major aspects of organogenesis. We show that Area II is a primary effector of endocrine-selective transcription in epithelial multipotent cells, nascent endocrine progenitors, and differentiating and mature β cells in vivo Pdx1ΔAREAII/- mice exhibit a massive reduction in endocrine progenitor cells and progeny hormone-producing cells, indicating that Area II activity is fundamental to mounting an effective endocrine lineage-specification program within the multipotent cell population. Creating an Area II-deleted state within already specified Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitor cells increased the proportion of glucagon+ α relative to insulin+ β cells, associated with the transcriptional and epigenetic derepression of the α-cell-determining Arx gene in endocrine progenitors. There were also glucagon and insulin co-expressing cells, and β cells that were incapable of maturation. Creating the Pdx1ΔAREAII state after cells entered an insulin-expressing stage led to immature and dysfunctional islet β cells carrying abnormal chromatin marking in vital β-cell-associated genes. Therefore, trans-regulatory integration through Area II mediates a surprisingly extensive range of progenitor and β-cell-specific Pdx1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA .,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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34
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Osipovich AB, Gangula R, Vianna PG, Magnuson MA. Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation. Development 2016; 143:4595-4607. [PMID: 27864380 PMCID: PMC5201031 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SET domain-containing proteins play a vital role in regulating gene expression during development through modifications in chromatin structure. Here we show that SET domain-containing 5 (Setd5) is divergently transcribed with Gt(ROSA26)Sor, is necessary for mammalian development, and interacts with the PAF1 co-transcriptional complex and other proteins. Setd5-deficient mouse embryos exhibit severe defects in neural tube formation, somitogenesis and cardiac development, have aberrant vasculogenesis in embryos, yolk sacs and placentas, and die between embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Setd5-deficient embryonic stem cells have impaired cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, defective cell cycle progression, a diminished ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and greatly perturbed gene expression. SETD5 co-immunoprecipitates with multiple components of the PAF1 and histone deacetylase-containing NCoR complexes and is not solely required for major histone lysine methylation marks. In the absence of Setd5, histone acetylation is increased at transcription start sites and near downstream regions. These findings suggest that SETD5 functions in a manner similar to yeast Set3p and Drosophila UpSET, and that it is essential for regulating histone acetylation during gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rama Gangula
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pedro G Vianna
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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35
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Bechard ME, Bankaitis ED, Hipkens SB, Ustione A, Piston DW, Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. Precommitment low-level Neurog3 expression defines a long-lived mitotic endocrine-biased progenitor pool that drives production of endocrine-committed cells. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1852-65. [PMID: 27585590 PMCID: PMC5024683 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284729.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bechard et al. show that a cell population defined as Neurog3 transcriptionally active and Sox9+ and often containing nonimmunodetectable Neurog3 protein has a relatively high mitotic index and prolonged epithelial residency. They propose that this endocrine-biased mitotic progenitor state is functionally separated from a pro-ductal pool and endows them with long-term capacity to make endocrine fate-directed progeny. The current model for endocrine cell specification in the pancreas invokes high-level production of the transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) in Sox9+ bipotent epithelial cells as the trigger for endocrine commitment, cell cycle exit, and rapid delamination toward proto-islet clusters. This model posits a transient Neurog3 expression state and short epithelial residence period. We show, however, that a Neurog3TA.LO cell population, defined as Neurog3 transcriptionally active and Sox9+ and often containing nonimmunodetectable Neurog3 protein, has a relatively high mitotic index and prolonged epithelial residency. We propose that this endocrine-biased mitotic progenitor state is functionally separated from a pro-ductal pool and endows them with long-term capacity to make endocrine fate-directed progeny. A novel BAC transgenic Neurog3 reporter detected two types of mitotic behavior in Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, associated with progenitor pool maintenance or derivation of endocrine-committed Neurog3HI cells, respectively. Moreover, limiting Neurog3 expression dramatically increased the proportional representation of Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, with a doubling of its mitotic index relative to normal Neurog3 expression, suggesting that low Neurog3 expression is a defining feature of this cycling endocrine-biased state. We propose that Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO endocrine-biased progenitors feed production of Neurog3HI endocrine-committed cells during pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Susan B Hipkens
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Sanders LN, Schoenhard JA, Saleh MA, Mukherjee A, Ryzhov S, McMaster WG, Nolan K, Gumina RJ, Thompson TB, Magnuson MA, Harrison DG, Hatzopoulos AK. BMP Antagonist Gremlin 2 Limits Inflammation After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2016; 119:434-49. [PMID: 27283840 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have recently shown that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for early cardiac development and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Our initial studies discovered that Grem2 is strongly induced in the adult heart after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). However, the function of Grem2 and BMP-signaling inhibitors after cardiac injury is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Grem2 during cardiac repair and assess its potential to improve ventricular function after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Our data show that Grem2 is transiently induced after MI in peri-infarct area cardiomyocytes during the inflammatory phase of cardiac tissue repair. By engineering loss- (Grem2(-/-)) and gain- (TG(Grem2)) of-Grem2-function mice, we discovered that Grem2 controls the magnitude of the inflammatory response and limits infiltration of inflammatory cells in peri-infarct ventricular tissue, improving cardiac function. Excessive inflammation in Grem2(-/-) mice after MI was because of overactivation of canonical BMP signaling, as proven by the rescue of the inflammatory phenotype through administration of the canonical BMP inhibitor, DMH1. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of Grem2 protein in wild-type mice was sufficient to reduce inflammation after MI. Cellular analyses showed that BMP2 acts with TNFα to induce expression of proinflammatory proteins in endothelial cells and promote adhesion of leukocytes, whereas Grem2 specifically inhibits the BMP2 effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Grem2 provides a molecular barrier that controls the magnitude and extent of inflammatory cell infiltration by suppressing canonical BMP signaling, thereby providing a novel mechanism for limiting the adverse effects of excessive inflammation after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehanna N Sanders
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - John A Schoenhard
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - William G McMaster
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Kristof Nolan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Richard J Gumina
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.).
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Satapati S, Kucejova B, Duarte JAG, Fletcher JA, Reynolds L, Sunny NE, He T, Nair LA, Livingston KA, Fu X, Merritt ME, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Shelton JM, Lambert J, Parks EJ, Corbin I, Magnuson MA, Browning JD, Burgess SC. Mitochondrial metabolism mediates oxidative stress and inflammation in fatty liver. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1605. [PMID: 27035816 PMCID: PMC4811133 DOI: 10.1172/jci86695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Helman A, Klochendler A, Azazmeh N, Gabai Y, Horwitz E, Anzi S, Swisa A, Condiotti R, Granit RZ, Nevo Y, Fixler Y, Shreibman D, Zamir A, Tornovsky-Babeay S, Dai C, Glaser B, Powers AC, Shapiro AMJ, Magnuson MA, Dor Y, Ben-Porath I. p16(Ink4a)-induced senescence of pancreatic beta cells enhances insulin secretion. Nat Med 2016; 22:412-20. [PMID: 26950362 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is thought to contribute to age-associated deterioration of tissue physiology. The senescence effector p16(Ink4a) is expressed in pancreatic beta cells during aging and limits their proliferative potential; however, its effects on beta cell function are poorly characterized. We found that beta cell-specific activation of p16(Ink4a) in transgenic mice enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In mice with diabetes, this leads to improved glucose homeostasis, providing an unexpected functional benefit. Expression of p16(Ink4a) in beta cells induces hallmarks of senescence--including cell enlargement, and greater glucose uptake and mitochondrial activity--which promote increased insulin secretion. GSIS increases during the normal aging of mice and is driven by elevated p16(Ink4a) activity. We found that islets from human adults contain p16(Ink4a)-expressing senescent beta cells and that senescence induced by p16(Ink4a) in a human beta cell line increases insulin secretion in a manner dependent, in part, on the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ proteins. Our findings reveal a novel role for p16(Ink4a) and cellular senescence in promoting insulin secretion by beta cells and in regulating normal functional tissue maturation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Helman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Narmen Azazmeh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Gabai
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Horwitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Anzi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Swisa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reba Condiotti
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Z Granit
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Computation Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Fixler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorin Shreibman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Zamir
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Veteran Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Marshall CB, Mays DJ, Beeler JS, Rosenbluth JM, Boyd KL, Santos Guasch GL, Shaver TM, Tang LJ, Liu Q, Shyr Y, Venters BJ, Magnuson MA, Pietenpol JA. p73 Is Required for Multiciliogenesis and Regulates the Foxj1-Associated Gene Network. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2289-300. [PMID: 26947080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that p73 is expressed in multiciliated cells (MCCs), is required for MCC differentiation, and directly regulates transcriptional modulators of multiciliogenesis. Loss of ciliary biogenesis provides a unifying mechanism for many phenotypes observed in p73 knockout mice including hydrocephalus; hippocampal dysgenesis; sterility; and chronic inflammation/infection of lung, middle ear, and sinus. Through p73 and p63 ChIP-seq using murine tracheal cells, we identified over 100 putative p73 target genes that regulate MCC differentiation and homeostasis. We validated Foxj1, a transcriptional regulator of multiciliogenesis, and many other cilia-associated genes as direct target genes of p73 and p63. We show p73 and p63 are co-expressed in a subset of basal cells and suggest that p73 marks these cells for MCC differentiation. In summary, p73 is essential for MCC differentiation, functions as a critical regulator of a transcriptome required for MCC differentiation, and, like p63, has an essential role in development of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton B Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Deborah J Mays
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Beeler
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Timothy M Shaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lucy J Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan J Venters
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Satapati S, Kucejova B, Duarte JAG, Fletcher JA, Reynolds L, Sunny NE, He T, Nair LA, Livingston KA, Fu X, Merritt ME, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Shelton JM, Lambert J, Parks EJ, Corbin I, Magnuson MA, Browning JD, Burgess SC. Mitochondrial metabolism mediates oxidative stress and inflammation in fatty liver. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4447-62. [PMID: 26571396 DOI: 10.1172/jci82204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for respiration in all tissues; however, in liver, these organelles also accommodate high-capacity anaplerotic/cataplerotic pathways that are essential to gluconeogenesis and other biosynthetic activities. During nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mitochondria also produce ROS that damage hepatocytes, trigger inflammation, and contribute to insulin resistance. Here, we provide several lines of evidence indicating that induction of biosynthesis through hepatic anaplerotic/cataplerotic pathways is energetically backed by elevated oxidative metabolism and hence contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation during NAFLD. First, in murine livers, elevation of fatty acid delivery not only induced oxidative metabolism, but also amplified anaplerosis/cataplerosis and caused a proportional rise in oxidative stress and inflammation. Second, loss of anaplerosis/cataplerosis via genetic knockdown of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) prevented fatty acid-induced rise in oxidative flux, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Flux appeared to be regulated by redox state, energy charge, and metabolite concentration, which may also amplify antioxidant pathways. Third, preventing elevated oxidative metabolism with metformin also normalized hepatic anaplerosis/cataplerosis and reduced markers of inflammation. Finally, independent histological grades in human NAFLD biopsies were proportional to oxidative flux. Thus, hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with elevated oxidative metabolism during an obesogenic diet, and this link may be provoked by increased work through anabolic pathways.
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Lorenzen SM, Duggan A, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, García-Añoveros J. Insm1 promotes neurogenic proliferation in delaminated otic progenitors. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:233-45. [PMID: 26545349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INSM1 is a zinc-finger protein expressed throughout the developing nervous system in late neuronal progenitors and nascent neurons. In the embryonic cortex and olfactory epithelium, Insm1 may promote the transition of progenitors from apical, proliferative, and uncommitted to basal, terminally-dividing and neuron producing. In the otocyst, delaminating and delaminated progenitors express Insm1, whereas apically-dividing progenitors do not. This expression pattern is analogous to that in embryonic olfactory epithelium and cortex (basal/subventricular progenitors). Lineage analysis confirms that auditory and vestibular neurons originate from Insm1-expressing cells. In the absence of Insm1, otic ganglia are smaller, with 40% fewer neurons. Accounting for the decrease in neurons, delaminated progenitors undergo fewer mitoses, but there is no change in apoptosis. We conclude that in the embryonic inner ear, Insm1 promotes proliferation of delaminated neuronal progenitors and hence the production of neurons, a similar function to that in other embryonic neural epithelia. Unexpectedly, we also found that differentiating, but not mature, outer hair cells express Insm1, whereas inner hair cells do not. Insm1 is the earliest known gene expressed in outer versus inner hair cells, demonstrating that nascent outer hair cells initiate a unique differentiation program in the embryo, much earlier than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lorenzen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anne Duggan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jaime García-Añoveros
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Seto Y, Nakatani T, Masuyama N, Taya S, Kumai M, Minaki Y, Hamaguchi A, Inoue YU, Inoue T, Miyashita S, Fujiyama T, Yamada M, Chapman H, Campbell K, Magnuson MA, Wright CV, Kawaguchi Y, Ikenaka K, Takebayashi H, Ishiwata S, Ono Y, Hoshino M. Temporal identity transition from Purkinje cell progenitors to GABAergic interneuron progenitors in the cerebellum. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3337. [PMID: 24535035 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cerebellum, all GABAergic neurons are generated from the Ptf1a-expressing ventricular zone (Ptf1a domain). However, the machinery to produce different types of GABAergic neurons remains elusive. Here we show temporal regulation of distinct GABAergic neuron progenitors in the cerebellum. Within the Ptf1a domain at early stages, we find two subpopulations; dorsally and ventrally located progenitors that express Olig2 and Gsx1, respectively. Lineage tracing reveals the former are exclusively Purkinje cell progenitors (PCPs) and the latter Pax2-positive interneuron progenitors (PIPs). As development proceeds, PCPs gradually become PIPs starting from ventral to dorsal. In gain- and loss-of-function mutants for Gsx1 and Olig1/2, we observe abnormal transitioning from PCPs to PIPs at inappropriate developmental stages. Our findings suggest that the temporal identity transition of cerebellar GABAergic neuron progenitors from PCPs to PIPs is negatively regulated by Olig2 and positively by Gsx1, and contributes to understanding temporal control of neuronal progenitor identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seto
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan [2] Department of Physics, Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakatani
- KAN Research Institute Inc., 3F, Kobe MI R&D Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Norihisa Masuyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Taya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Minoru Kumai
- KAN Research Institute Inc., 3F, Kobe MI R&D Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuko Minaki
- 1] KAN Research Institute Inc., 3F, Kobe MI R&D Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan [2]
| | - Akiko Hamaguchi
- KAN Research Institute Inc., 3F, Kobe MI R&D Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan [2] Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Heather Chapman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3026, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3026, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2213 Garland Avenue, 9465 MRB IV, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0494, USA
| | - Christopher V Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 9465 MRB IV, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0494, USA
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- 1] Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- 1] Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan [3] Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Ishiwata
- 1] Department of Physics, Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan [2] Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Waseda University, 11 Biopolis Way, #05-01/02, Helios, Singapore 138667, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuichi Ono
- KAN Research Institute Inc., 3F, Kobe MI R&D Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Golson ML, Dunn JC, Maulis MF, Dadi PK, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, Jacobson DA, Gannon M. Activation of FoxM1 Revitalizes the Replicative Potential of Aged β-Cells in Male Mice and Enhances Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2015; 64:3829-38. [PMID: 26251404 PMCID: PMC4613976 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes incidence increases with age, while β-cell replication declines. The transcription factor FoxM1 is required for β-cell replication in various situations, and its expression declines with age. We hypothesized that increased FoxM1 activity in aged β-cells would rejuvenate proliferation. Induction of an activated form of FoxM1 was sufficient to increase β-cell mass and proliferation in 12-month-old male mice after just 2 weeks. Unexpectedly, at 2 months of age, induction of activated FoxM1 in male mice improved glucose homeostasis with unchanged β-cell mass. Cells expressing activated FoxM1 demonstrated enhanced glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx, which resulted in improved glucose tolerance through enhanced β-cell function. Conversely, our laboratory has previously demonstrated that mice lacking FoxM1 in the pancreas display glucose intolerance or diabetes with only a 60% reduction in β-cell mass, suggesting that the loss of FoxM1 is detrimental to β-cell function. Ex vivo insulin secretion was therefore examined in size-matched islets from young mice lacking FoxM1 in β-cells. Foxm1-deficient islets indeed displayed reduced insulin secretion. Our studies reveal that activated FoxM1 increases β-cell replication while simultaneously enhancing insulin secretion and improving glucose homeostasis, making FoxM1 an attractive therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew F Maulis
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Maureen Gannon
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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44
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Willet SG, Hale MA, Grapin-Botton A, Magnuson MA, MacDonald RJ, Wright CVE. Dominant and context-specific control of endodermal organ allocation by Ptf1a. Development 2015; 141:4385-94. [PMID: 25371369 DOI: 10.1242/dev.114165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The timing and gene regulatory logic of organ-fate commitment from within the posterior foregut of the mammalian endoderm is largely unexplored. Transient misexpression of a presumed pancreatic-commitment transcription factor, Ptf1a, in embryonic mouse endoderm (Ptf1a(EDD)) dramatically expanded the pancreatic gene regulatory network within the foregut. Ptf1a(EDD) temporarily suppressed Sox2 broadly over the anterior endoderm. Pancreas-proximal organ territories underwent full tissue conversion. Early-stage Ptf1a(EDD) rapidly expanded the endogenous endodermal Pdx1-positive domain and recruited other pancreas-fate-instructive genes, thereby spatially enlarging the potential for pancreatic multipotency. Early Ptf1a(EDD) converted essentially the entire glandular stomach, rostral duodenum and extrahepatic biliary system to pancreas, with formation of many endocrine cell clusters of the type found in normal islets of Langerhans. Sliding the Ptf1a(EDD) expression window through embryogenesis revealed differential temporal competencies for stomach-pancreas respecification. The response to later-stage Ptf1a(EDD) changed radically towards unipotent, acinar-restricted conversion. We provide strong evidence, beyond previous Ptf1a inactivation or misexpression experiments in frog embryos, for spatiotemporally context-dependent activity of Ptf1a as a potent gain-of-function trigger of pro-pancreatic commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Willet
- Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael A Hale
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Raymond J MacDonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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45
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Brouwers B, de Faudeur G, Osipovich AB, Goyvaerts L, Lemaire K, Boesmans L, Cauwelier EJG, Granvik M, Pruniau VPEG, Van Lommel L, Van Schoors J, Stancill JS, Smolders I, Goffin V, Binart N, in't Veld P, Declercq J, Magnuson MA, Creemers JWM, Schuit F, Schraenen A. Impaired islet function in commonly used transgenic mouse lines due to human growth hormone minigene expression. Cell Metab 2014; 20:979-90. [PMID: 25470546 PMCID: PMC5674787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The human growth hormone (hGH) minigene is frequently used in the derivation of transgenic mouse lines to enhance transgene expression. Although this minigene is present in the transgenes as a secondcistron, and thus not thought to be expressed, we found that three commonly used lines, Pdx1-Cre(Late), RIP-Cre, and MIP-GFP, each expressed significant amounts of hGH in pancreatic islets. Locally secreted hGH binds to prolactin receptors on β cells, activates STAT5 signaling, and induces pregnancy-like changes in gene expression, thereby augmenting pancreatic β cell mass and insulin content. In addition, islets of Pdx1-Cre(Late) mice have lower GLUT2 expression and reduced glucose-induced insulin release and are protected against the β cell toxin streptozotocin. These findings may be important when interpreting results obtained when these and other hGH minigene-containing transgenic mice are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Brouwers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Geoffroy de Faudeur
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lotte Goyvaerts
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katleen Lemaire
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Leen Boesmans
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elisa J G Cauwelier
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mikaela Granvik
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincent P E G Pruniau
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Leentje Van Lommel
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van Schoors
- Center for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Center for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Vincent Goffin
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75993, France
| | - Nadine Binart
- INSERM U693, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Peter in't Veld
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Declercq
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John W M Creemers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Anica Schraenen
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Osipovich AB, Long Q, Manduchi E, Gangula R, Hipkens SB, Schneider J, Okubo T, Stoeckert CJ, Takada S, Magnuson MA. Insm1 promotes endocrine cell differentiation by modulating the expression of a network of genes that includes Neurog3 and Ripply3. Development 2014; 141:2939-49. [PMID: 25053427 PMCID: PMC4197673 DOI: 10.1242/dev.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulinoma associated 1 (Insm1) plays an important role in regulating the development of cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, olfactory epithelium and endocrine pancreas. To better define the role of Insm1 in pancreatic endocrine cell development we generated mice with an Insm1GFPCre reporter allele and used them to study Insm1-expressing and null populations. Endocrine progenitor cells lacking Insm1 were less differentiated and exhibited broad defects in hormone production, cell proliferation and cell migration. Embryos lacking Insm1 contained greater amounts of a non-coding Neurog3 mRNA splice variant and had fewer Neurog3/Insm1 co-expressing progenitor cells, suggesting that Insm1 positively regulates Neurog3. Moreover, endocrine progenitor cells that express either high or low levels of Pdx1, and thus may be biased towards the formation of specific cell lineages, exhibited cell type-specific differences in the genes regulated by Insm1. Analysis of the function of Ripply3, an Insm1-regulated gene enriched in the Pdx1-high cell population, revealed that it negatively regulates the proliferation of early endocrine cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that in developing pancreatic endocrine cells Insm1 promotes the transition from a ductal progenitor to a committed endocrine cell by repressing a progenitor cell program and activating genes essential for RNA splicing, cell migration, controlled cellular proliferation, vasculogenesis, extracellular matrix and hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Penn Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rama Gangula
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susan B Hipkens
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Judsen Schneider
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Penn Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinji Takada
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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47
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Worchel HN, Magnuson MA. Cytokine-driven beta-cell production in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:63-4. [PMID: 24406931 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Worchel
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, and in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- 1] Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, and in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA [2] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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48
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Balderes DA, Magnuson MA, Sussel L. Nkx2.2:Cre knock-in mouse line: a novel tool for pancreas- and CNS-specific gene deletion. Genesis 2013; 51:844-51. [PMID: 23996959 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nkx2.2 is a homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulator necessary for the appropriate differentiation of ventral neuronal populations in the spinal cord and hindbrain, and endocrine cell populations in the pancreas and intestine. In each tissue, Nkx2.2 inactivation leads to reciprocal cell fate alterations. To confirm the cell fate changes are due to respecification of Nkx2.2-expressing progenitors and to provide a novel tool for lineage tracing in the pancreas and CNS, we generated an Nkx2.2:Cre mouse line by knocking in a Cre-EGFP cassette into the Nkx2.2 genomic locus and inactivating endogenous Nkx2.2. The R26R-CAG-LSL-tdTomato reporter was used to monitor the specificity and efficiency of Nkx2.2:Cre activity; the tomato reporter faithfully recapitulated endogenous Nkx2.2 expression and could be detected as early as embryonic day (e) 9.25 in the developing CNS and was initiated shortly thereafter at e9.5 in the pancreas. Lineage analyses in the CNS confirmed the cell populations thought to be derived from Nkx2.2-expressing progenitor domains. Furthermore, lineage studies verified Nkx2.2 expression in the earliest pancreatic progenitors that give rise to all cell types of the pancreas; however they also revealed more robust Cre activity in the dorsal versus ventral pancreas. Thus, the Nkx2.2:Cre line provides a novel tool for gene manipulations in the CNS and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Balderes
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
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Abstract
Cre/LoxP has broad utility for studying the function, development, and oncogenic transformation of pancreatic cells in mice. Here we provide an overview of the Cre driver lines that are available for such studies. We discuss how variegated expression, transgene silencing, and recombination in undesired cell types have conspired to limit the performance of these lines, sometimes leading to serious experimental concerns. We also discuss preferred strategies for achieving high-fidelity driver lines and remind investigators of the continuing need for caution when interpreting results obtained from any Cre/LoxP-based experiment performed in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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50
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Kartikasari AER, Zhou JX, Kanji MS, Chan DN, Sinha A, Grapin-Botton A, Magnuson MA, Lowry WE, Bhushan A. The histone demethylase Jmjd3 sequentially associates with the transcription factors Tbx3 and Eomes to drive endoderm differentiation. EMBO J 2013; 32:1393-408. [PMID: 23584530 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation depends on transcriptional activation driven by lineage-specific regulators as well as changes in chromatin organization. However, the coordination of these events is poorly understood. Here, we show that T-box proteins team up with chromatin modifying enzymes to drive the expression of the key lineage regulator, Eomes during endodermal differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The Eomes locus is maintained in a transcriptionally poised configuration in ES cells. During early differentiation steps, the ES cell factor Tbx3 associates with the histone demethylase Jmjd3 at the enhancer element of the Eomes locus to allow enhancer-promoter interactions. This spatial reorganization of the chromatin primes the cells to respond to Activin signalling, which promotes the binding of Jmjd3 and Eomes to its own bivalent promoter region to further stimulate Eomes expression in a positive feedback loop. In addition, Eomes activates a transcriptional network of core regulators of endodermal differentiation. Our results demonstrate that Jmjd3 sequentially associates with two T-box factors, Tbx3 and Eomes to drive stem cell differentiation towards the definitive endoderm lineage.
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