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Talebi V, Alamdari KA, Patel DI. Simple and Complex Wheel Running Effect on Depression, Memory, Neuroinflammation, and Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Rat Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1159-1167. [PMID: 38227543 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate 12 wk of simple and complex voluntary wheel running on Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated biomarkers, and behaviors. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control (Con-Sed), AD only (AD-Sed), simple wheel control (SWC), complex wheel control (CWC), simple wheel AD (SWAD), and complex wheel AD (CWAD). Novelty-suppressed feeding test and the Morris water maze test were used to evaluate depression and memory, respectively. Ki67 was measured in the hippocampus, whereas interleukin (IL)-1β and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) were measured in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed. RESULTS AD-Sed group had significantly lower spacial memory ( P < 0.001) compared with Con-Sed. Simple and complex wheel running attenuated these deficits in the SWAD and CWAD groups, respectively ( P < 0.001). Only the CWAD group had significantly improved novelty-suppressed feeding test time compared with AD-Sed ( P < 0.001), equivalent to the healthy wheel running groups. AD-Sed has significantly higher hippocampal concentrations of Ki67 ( P = 0.01) compared with the Con-Sed. Both SWAD and CWAD had significantly reduced Ki67 with similar concentrations compared with the SWC and CWC groups ( P > 0.05). AD-Sed animals also presented with significantly higher hippocampal and prefrontal cortex concentrations of IL-1β compared with Con-Sed ( P < 0.001). SWAD and CWAD had no effect in changing these concentrations. Complex wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the healthy control and AD models, whereas simple wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the AD model. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that complex wheel running might be more advantageous in promoting memory and neuroplasticity while reducing depression that is associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Talebi
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Karim Azali Alamdari
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Darpan I Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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Atakan MM, Atakan B. Acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in school-based settings improve attention and mathematics performance in high school students. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:185-192. [PMID: 38708323 PMCID: PMC11067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in a school-based setting on attention and mathematics test performance in high school students. Forty 10th-grade students (21 females and 19 males; age: [15.0 ± 0.5] years, body mass index: [21.4 ± 2.8] kg/m2) participated in this crossover and quasi-experimental study. In week 1, students were familiarized with the d2 test of attention and Pilates and plyometric exercises activities, and body composition measurements were taken. In both weeks 2 and 3, students completed the d2 test of attention and mathematics test with 20 questions following a single session of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise and a classroom-based non-exercise activity, in a non-randomized order. The exercise sessions included 30 mins of plyometric exercises for male students and Pilates exercise for female students, with intensities corresponding to 10-14 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale6-20. Compared to the non-exercise activity, a 30-min of Pilates and plyometric exercise resulted in significant improvements in attention score (mean difference [Δ] = 54.5 score; p < 0.001; Cohen's effect sizes [d] = 1.26) and concentration performance (Δ = 20.7 score; p = 0.003; d = 0.51). The students scored significantly higher on the mathematics test after participating in the exercise sessions compared to the non-exercise condition (Δ% = 11.7; p < 0.001; d = 0.76). There were no significant differences between genders (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of acute light-to-moderate-intensity Pilates and plyometric exercises in school-based settings for improving attention and mathematics performance in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed M. Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Betül Atakan
- Aydınlıkevler Anatolian High School, Ministry of National Education, Ankara 06135, Turkey
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Sobolewski KM, Lobo LT, Stoddart AL, Kerpan S. Exploring teachers' perspectives on movement integration using a job-embedded professional development intervention. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 104:102419. [PMID: 38492516 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to gain teachers' insight and evaluate a teacher training intervention on movement integration (MI). METHODS An embedded mixed methods study was used to combine post-intervention qualitative and quantitative data from 12 teachers. RESULTS Four themes were generated: employable strategies, increased student engagement, value of additional support, and space, time, and behaviour management. These themes illustrate the intrapersonal, institutional, and public policy barriers that impact MI implementation. CONCLUSION An evidence-based teacher MI implementation intervention that utilizes best practices can address intrapersonal barriers to MI use but does not alleviate institutional and public policy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa T Lobo
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.
| | - Alexandra L Stoddart
- University of Regina, Faculty of Education, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Serene Kerpan
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.
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Matteucci I, Corsi M. Adolescents' attitudes, habits, identity and social support in relation to physical activity after the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11035. [PMID: 38745043 PMCID: PMC11094044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on adolescents' cognitive processes, behaviors and social support (SS) as they relate to physical activity (PA) before and after the pandemic. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the changes in adolescents' engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and examine the changes in PA-related attitudes and behaviors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to analyze the correlations between the significant changes that were found, PA engagement, and SS. The survey targeted third-year middle school students of Italian nationality, attending male and female mixed classes, residents in urban, periphery and sub-urban areas, living in families with different incomes, and different habits of engaging in PA. A longitudinal study was developed using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered in April-May 2023 to a sample of 952 students aged 11/14 residing in the Marche region in Central Italy. Increasing values were found in the post-COVID-19 phase for all the cognitive processes and attitudes, in particular, those regarding habits (0.66 vs 0.50, + 32%) and identity (0.70 vs 0.55, + 27%) related to PA. Significant correlations were found between these values and VPA engagement and between the values of the same indicators and SS (p < 0.01). The strongest relationship was found with the dimension of identity (r = 0.51; r = 054).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matteucci
- Department of Communication Sciences, International Studies and Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Mario Corsi
- Department of Communication Sciences, International Studies and Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
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Syväoja HJ, Sneck S, Kukko T, Asunta P, Räsänen P, Viholainen H, Kulmala J, Hakonen H, Tammelin TH. Effects of physically active maths lessons on children's maths performance and maths-related affective factors: Multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38705861 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) may benefit academic performance, but it is unclear what kind of classroom-based PA is optimal for learning. AIM We studied the effects of physically active maths lessons on children's maths performance and maths-related effects, and whether gender and previous mathematical or motor skills modify these effects. SAMPLE A total of 22 volunteered teachers and their pupils with signed consent (N = 397, mean age: 9.3 years, 51% females) participated in a 5-month, teacher-led, multi-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial. METHODS The intervention included a PAL group (20 min of physically active learning in each 45-min lesson), a breaks group (two 5-min PA breaks in each 45-min lesson) and a control group (traditional teaching). Maths performance was assessed with a tailored curriculum-based test. Maths-related enjoyment, self-perceptions and anxiety were measured with a self-reported questionnaire. The individual-level intervention effects were tested via covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effect models with school classes serving as random effects. RESULTS Changes in maths performance or self-perceptions did not differ between the intervention groups. Maths anxiety in learning situations increased in the PAL group (effect .28, 95% CI = .01-.56); there was no change in the other groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that maths anxiety increased in the PAL group among children in the two lowest tertiles of motor skills. It decreased in the highest tertile. Enjoyment decreased in the breaks group among pupils in the lowest motor skill tertile. CONCLUSIONS Physically active maths lessons did not affect maths performance or self-perceptions but had divergent effects on maths anxiety and enjoyment, depending on motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Syväoja
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sirpa Sneck
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Educational Sciences and Teacher Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kukko
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piritta Asunta
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Räsänen
- Faculty of Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Viholainen
- Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Kulmala
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harto Hakonen
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Lu AKM, Tsai SY, Lin CY, Hsieh JL. Discriminating factors of body composition characteristics for academic performance in nursing college students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:305. [PMID: 38702723 PMCID: PMC11069266 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor body composition may affect health status, and better body composition is often associated with better academic performance. Nursing students face heavy academic and practical pressures, and the relationship between body composition and academic performance in this group is not fully understood. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study used de-identified student data from a university of technology in southern Taiwan to analyze the correlation between body composition characteristics and academic performance using regression models. RESULTS A total of 275 nursing college students were divided into four groups according to academic performance. The group with the lowest academic performance had a lower percentage of body fat (P < 0.05) but a higher percentage of muscle mass (P < 0.05) than the other three groups. Academic performance was positively correlated with percentage of body fat (R = 0.16, P < 0.01) and body age (R = 0.41, P < 0.01), but was negatively correlated with percentage of muscle mass (R = - 0.16, P < 0.01). Percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, and body age were significant discriminators of academic performance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between academic performance and body composition among nursing college students is not straightforward. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, students with higher academic performance tended to have a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of muscle mass. Percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, and body age were significant discriminators of academic performance, indicating that body composition should be considered an important factor in nursing education and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ke-Ming Lu
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Healthcare Information Technology Education Center, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yen Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Library and Information Office, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Long Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Healthcare Information Technology Education Center, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Monzonís-Carda I, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D. Bidirectional longitudinal associations of mental health with academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1617-1624. [PMID: 37932488 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dual-factor model of mental health (i.e., the presence of psychological well-being along with the absence of distress) and its association with academic performance over time has been barely studied in the adolescent population, as most of the prior research focuses on psychological well-being or distress indicators in isolation. The current study analyzed the bidirectional longitudinal association between the dual-factor model of mental health and academic performance in adolescents, comprising a longitudinal assessment 2 years apart. METHODS A total of 266 secondary school students (13.9 ± 0.3 years at baseline) from Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study were assessed. Mental health was assessed through the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents. Academic performance was assessed through academic grades and the Test of Educational Abilities. A cross-lagged modeling approach was used to examine the bidirectional longitudinal association between mental health and academic performance. RESULTS Higher academic performance at baseline was associated with better mental health over time, but not vice versa, since this association was not bidirectional. CONCLUSION Results suggest that academic performance is an important target for developing educational interventions, as it shapes adolescents' mental health at 2 years of follow-up. IMPACT The overall picture of students' mental health and academic performance was analyzed. Academic performance may be a predictor of adolescents' mental health status. Mental health may not be a predictor of adolescents' academic performance. Good mental health should be promoted among youth with low academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Monzonís-Carda
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Adelantado-Renau
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Diego Moliner-Urdiales
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.
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Martinez MF, Weatherwax C, Piercy K, Whitley MA, Bartsch SM, Heneghan J, Fox M, Bowers MT, Chin KL, Velmurugan K, Dibbs A, Smith AL, Pfeiffer KA, Farrey T, Tsintsifas A, Scannell SA, Lee BY. Benefits of Meeting the Healthy People 2030 Youth Sports Participation Target. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:760-769. [PMID: 38416089 PMCID: PMC11034834 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy People 2030, a U.S. government health initiative, has indicated that increasing youth sports participation to 63.3% is a priority in the U.S. This study quantified the health and economic value of achieving this target. METHODS An agent-based model developed in 2023 represents each person aged 6-17 years in the U.S. On each simulated day, agents can participate in sports that affect their metabolic and mental health in the model. Each agent can develop different physical and mental health outcomes, associated with direct and indirect costs. RESULTS Increasing the proportion of youth participating in sports from the most recent participation levels (50.7%) to the Healthy People 2030 target (63.3%) could reduce overweight/obesity prevalence by 3.37% (95% CI=3.35%, 3.39%), resulting in 1.71 million fewer cases of overweight/obesity (95% CI=1.64, 1.77 million). This could avert 352,000 (95% CI=336,200, 367,500) cases of weight-related diseases and gain 1.86 million (95% CI=1.86, 1.87 million) quality-adjusted life years, saving $22.55 billion (95% CI=$22.46, $22.63 billion) in direct medical costs and $25.43 billion (95% CI= $25.25, $25.61 billion) in productivity losses. This would also reduce depression/anxiety symptoms, saving $3.61 billion (95% CI=$3.58, $3.63 billion) in direct medical costs and $28.38 billion (95% CI=$28.20, $28.56 billion) in productivity losses. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that achieving the Healthy People 2030 objective could save third-party payers, businesses, and society billions of dollars for each cohort of persons aged 6-17 years, savings that would continue to repeat with each new cohort. This suggests that even if a substantial amount is invested toward this objective, such investments could pay for themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F Martinez
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Colleen Weatherwax
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Katrina Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Meredith A Whitley
- Ruth S. Ammon College of Education and Health Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York; Stellenbosch University, Maties Sport, Centre for Sport Leadership, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sarah M Bartsch
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Jessie Heneghan
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Martin Fox
- Project Play, Sports & Society Program, The Aspen Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Matthew T Bowers
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kevin L Chin
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Kavya Velmurugan
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Alexis Dibbs
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Alan L Smith
- Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Tom Farrey
- Project Play, Sports & Society Program, The Aspen Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alexandra Tsintsifas
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Sheryl A Scannell
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York; Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York.
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Lovecchio N, Giuriato M, Passera M, Gatti A, Carnevale Pellino V, Vandoni M, Codella R. Is change of direction influenced by motor competencies? A possible response from a MOBAK-based study in Italian schoolchildren. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:417-424. [PMID: 38385635 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change of direction (COD) ability requires higher motor control capacity and helps children improve individual motor skills. Likewise, basic motor competencies (BMC) are relevant during child maturation and may interleave with COD ability. This study aimed to investigate the possible individual determinants between the COD ability and the BMC, cognitive skills, and anthropometrics characteristics in Italian primary school children aged 6 to 11. METHODS Children of both sexes (N.=221) were recruited from primary schools (grade 1 to 5) of Northwestern Italy. COD was assessed by 10×5 m Shuttle Run Test; motor coordination by the Motor Coordination (Motorische Basiskompetenzen, MOBAK) 1-6 test battery, whereas Trail Making Test was used to assess cognitive performance. RESULTS A stepwise linear regression indicated that motor competencies level - assessed by the MOBAK Test - is the most fitting dimension describing COD performance for girls, with the highest R2 in Grade 5 (SEE=0.56); and the lowest SEE in Grade 5 (SEE=1.44); moreover, for boys the highest in Grade 3 (SEE=0.52) and the lowest SEE in Grade 4 (SEE=1.30). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the biunivocal relationship between COD and BMC, and the need for physical education teachers and trainers to stimulate both, during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Gatti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy -
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Al-Shoaibi AAA, Iyra P, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Dooley EE, Testa A, Jackson DB, Gabriel KP, Baker FC, Nagata JM. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Adolescent Physical Activity in the United States. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:662-668. [PMID: 37898383 PMCID: PMC11045661 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in a population-based, demographically diverse cohort of 9-14-year-olds and to determine which subtypes of ACEs were associated with physical activity levels. METHODS We analyzed data (n = 7046) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 4.0 release at baseline and year 2 follow-up. ACE (cumulative score and subtypes) and physical activity (average Fitbit daily steps assessed at Year 2) were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Covariates included race and ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, body mass index, study site, twins/siblings, and data collection period. RESULTS Adjusted models suggest an inverse association between number of ACEs and Fitbit daily steps, with ≥4 (compared to 0) ACEs associated with 567 fewer daily steps (95% CI -902.2, -232.2). Of the ACEs subtypes, emotional abuse (B = -719.3, 95% CI -1430.8, -7.9), physical neglect (B = -423.7, 95% CI -752.8, -94.6), household mental illness (B = -317.1, 95% CI -488.3, -145.9), and household divorce or separation (B = -275.4, 95% CI -521.5, -29.2) were inversely and statistically significant associated with Fitbit daily steps after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is an inverse, dose-dependent relationship between cumulative number of ACEs and physical activity as measured by daily steps. This work highlights the importance of screening for ACEs among young people at an early age to help identify those who could benefit from interventions or community programs that support increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Puja Iyra
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Julia H Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work (KT Ganson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management (A Testa), Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population (DB Jackson), Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kelley P Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences (FC Baker), SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif; School of Physiology (FC Baker), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
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11
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Chiang HL, Chuang YF, Chen YA, Hsu CT, Ho CC, Hsu HT, Sheu YH, Gau SSF, Liang LL. Physical Fitness and Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatr 2024:2818132. [PMID: 38683586 PMCID: PMC11059046 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Importance With the rising prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents, identifying modifiable associations is critical. Objective To examine the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests and National Health Insurance Research Databases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into 2 cohorts targeting anxiety and depression (1 996 633 participants) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 1 920 596 participants). Participants were aged 10 to 11 years at study entry and followed up for at least 3 years, had a nearly equal gender distribution, and an average follow-up of 6 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to February 2024. Exposures Assessments of physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), muscular endurance (ME), muscular power (MP), and flexibility, measured through an 800-m run time, bent-leg curl-ups, standing broad jump, and sit-and-reach test, respectively. Main Outcomes and Measures Kaplan-Meier method calculated the cumulative incidence of anxiety, depression, and ADHD across fitness quartiles. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used that included all 4 fitness components and explored sex and income as modifiers. Results The anxiety and depression cohort had 1 996 633 participants (1 035 411 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years), while the ADHD cohort had 1 920 596 (975 568 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years). Cumulative incidence of mental disorders was lower among participants in better-performing fitness quartiles, suggesting a dose-dependent association. Gender-specific analyses, controlling for confounders, revealed that improved CF, indicated by a 30-second decrease in run times, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety, depression, and ADHD in female participants, and lower risks of anxiety and ADHD in male participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94; P < .001; for male participants, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.94; P < .001). Enhanced ME, marked by an increase of 5 curl-ups per minute, was associated with decreased risks of depression and ADHD in female participants, and lower anxiety and ADHD risks in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97; P < .001; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97; P < .001). Improved MP, reflected by a 20-cm increase in jump distance, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety and ADHD in female participants and reduced anxiety, depression, and ADHD in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = .04; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study highlights the potential protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular power in preventing the onset of mental disorders. It warrants further investigation of the effectiveness of physical fitness programs as a preventive measure for mental disorders among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- International Health Program, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Hsu
- Department of Sport Management, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Research Center of Sport and Health Industry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Fu Jen Catholic Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Tao Hsu
- The Research Center of Sport and Health Industry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Physical and Health Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Sheu
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Epidemic Prevention and One Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Skog HM, Määttä S, Säisänen L, Lakka TA, Haapala EA. Associations of physical fitness with cortical inhibition and excitation in adolescents and young adults. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1297009. [PMID: 38741791 PMCID: PMC11090042 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1297009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the longitudinal associations of cumulative motor fitness, muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from childhood to adolescence with cortical excitability and inhibition in adolescence. The other objective was to determine cross-sectional associations of motor fitness and muscular strength with brain function in adolescence. Methods In 45 healthy adolescents (25 girls and 20 boys) aged 16-19 years, we assessed cortical excitability and inhibition by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), and motor fitness by 50-m shuttle run test and Box and block test, and muscular strength by standing long jump test. These measures of physical fitness and CRF by maximal exercise were assessed also at the ages 7-9, 9-11, and 15-17 years. Cumulative measures of physical measures were computed by summing up sample-specific z-scores at ages 7-9, 9-11, and 15-17 years. Results Higher cumulative motor fitness performance from childhood to adolescence was associated with lower right hemisphere resting motor threshold (rMT), lower silent period threshold (SPt), and lower motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude in boys. Better childhood-to-adolescence cumulative CRF was also associated with longer silent period (SP) duration in boys and higher MEP amplitude in girls. Cross-sectionally in adolescence, better motor fitness and better muscular strength were associated with lower left and right rMT among boys and better motor fitness was associated with higher MEP amplitude and better muscular strength with lower SPt among girls. Conclusion Physical fitness from childhood to adolescence modifies cortical excitability and inhibition in adolescence. Motor fitness and muscular strength were associated with motor cortical excitability and inhibition. The associations were selective for specific TMS indices and findings were sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mari Skog
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Säisänen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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13
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Koepp AE, Gershoff ET. Leveraging an intensive time series of young children's movement to capture impulsive and inattentive behaviors in a preschool setting. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38655639 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Studying within-person variability in children's behavior is frequently hindered by challenges collecting repeated observations. This study used wearable accelerometers to collect an intensive time series (2.7 million observations) of young children's movement at school (N = 62, Mage = 4.5 years, 54% male, 74% Non-Hispanic White) in 2021. Machine learning analyses indicated that children's typical forward acceleration was strongly correlated with lower teacher-reported inhibitory control and attention (r = -.69). Using forward movement intensity as a proxy for impulsivity, we partitioned the intensive time series and found that (1) children modulated their behavior across periods of the school day, (2) children's impulsivity increased across the school week, and (3) children with greater impulsivity showed greater variability in behavior across days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Koepp
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Gershoff
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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14
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Peiris DLIHK, Duan Y, Vandelanotte C, Liang W, Baker JS. In-classroom physical activity breaks program among school children in Sri Lanka: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1360210. [PMID: 38711768 PMCID: PMC11070516 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The problem of sedentary behavior among primary school children is alarming, with numbers gradually increasing worldwide, including Sri Lanka. Physical activity interventions within classroom settings have been acknowledged as a critical strategy to increase students' movement behaviors while enhancing their academic achievement and health. Yet, the busy curriculum and challenging educational demands encourage more sedentary classroom behavior. Hence, this study aims to develop and evaluate an in-classroom physical activity breaks (IcPAB) intervention among fifth graders in Sri Lanka. Methods The study will adopt a randomized controlled trial (RCT), comprising an in-classroom physical activity breaks program group and a control group to evaluate the effects of IcPAB on academic achievement, movement behaviors and health outcomes. The intervention design is based on the capability (C), opportunity (O) and motivation (M) behavior (B) (COM-B) model. A least 198 fifth graders will be recruited from two schools in Uva province, Sri Lanka. The recruitment process will start in late 2022. Class teachers of the intervention group will implement 5-min activity breaks at least three times a day after completing a training session. The primary variables include mathematics and reading achievement. The secondary variables include physical activity levels, steps count, sedentary behavior, body mass index, aerobic fitness, and perceived stress. Data collection will be implemented at pre-test and post-test, respectively. Intervention fidelity and the process will also be evaluated. Discussion The IcPAB is designed to prevent pure educational time loss by introducing curriculum-integrated short bouts of physical active breaks into the classroom routine. If the IcPAB is effective, it can (1) improve the mathematics and reading achievement of fifth-grade girls and boys, which is a significant factor determining the performance at the Grade Five National Scholarship Examination in Sri Lanka; (2) improve movement behaviors as well as physical and mental health outcomes among primary school students. Sequentially, the IcPAB will enrich school-based physical activity intervention approaches which can in turn bring academic and health benefits to primary school children in Sri Lanka. Trial registration The first version of the trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry (Ref: ISRCTN52180050) on 20/07/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. I. H. K. Peiris
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Larsson R, Ljung E, Josefsson S, Ljung T. 'We get to learn as we move': effects and feasibility of lesson-integrated physical activity in a Swedish primary school. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1087. [PMID: 38641777 PMCID: PMC11027527 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) promotes health in adults as well as children. At the same time, a large proportion of children do not meet the recommendations for PA, and more school-based efforts to increase PA are needed. This study investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of lesson-integrated PA in a Swedish primary school. METHODS We evaluate a new method called 'Physical Activity and Lesson in Combination' (abbreviated FALK in Swedish) using a mixed methods approach; a quasi-experimental study followed by qualitative interviews. Two schools participated in the study, one constituting the intervention group (I-school, n = 83) and the other the control group (C-school, n = 81). In addition to regular physical education, the I-school had three 30-minute FALK lessons each week. A total of 164 students aged 7-9 years wore pedometers for a whole week, four times over two semesters, and the number of steps per day (SPD) and the proportion of students with < 10,000 SPD were compared. Statistical differences between the schools were tested with ANOVA, Chi2, t-tests, and ANCOVA. Interviews with students (n = 17), parents (n = 9) and teachers (n = 9) were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The results show that FALK led to the I-school getting more SPD and fewer students with < 10,000 SPD. Also, FALK was experienced as a positive, clear, and flexible method, simultaneously encouraging PA and learning. Challenges experienced concerned the teachers' work situation, time, finding suitable learning activities, outdoor school environment changes, and extreme weather conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that FALK has the desired effects on PA and is a feasible method of integrating PA into theoretical teaching. We conclude that FALK is worth testing at more schools, given that implementation and sustainment of FALK considers both general enablers and barriers, as well as context-specific factors at the individual school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Larsson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ljung
- Borlänge municipality, Borlänge, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Ljung
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
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16
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Alhumaid MM. Parental physical activity support for parents of children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29351. [PMID: 38623191 PMCID: PMC11016730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is crucial for promoting physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health. Unfortunately, children with disabilities spend less time engaging in PA compared to their typically developing peers. Parents play a crucial role in supporting children with disabilities to increase their level of PA. However, there is scant research on the factors linked to parental support for PA among non-Western parents of children with disabilities, particularly in the context of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, the current study aimed to (i) measure parental support for encouraging PA in children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia, and (ii) examine the demographic factors associated with such support (e.g., family income, age of the child, type of disability, and parents' educational background). The sample included Saudi Arabian parents of children with disabilities (N = 239; fathers: n = 123; mothers: n = 116) who completed the Arabic version of the Parental Physical Activity Support Questionnaire for Parents of Children with Disabilities (PPSQ for PCD). The findings revealed that parental support for children with disabilities to engage in PA typically occurs less than once a week, indicating an inadequate level of support. A generalized linear model analysis demonstrated that several independent demographic variables are associated with overall parental support for PA among children with disabilities: participant age, educational background, parental engagement in PA, age of the child with a disability, disability status, club participation, knowledge of legislation or policies related to the rights of children with disabilities, and number of children in the family. The findings emphasize the significance of raising awareness among parents of children with disabilities to support their children in participating in PA, as well as addressing the barriers that hinder such support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M. Alhumaid
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Capio CM, Cheung SK, Fung SSW, Hu X. Integrating Fundamental Movement Skills and Mathematics in Early Childhood: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:457. [PMID: 38671674 PMCID: PMC11048741 DOI: 10.3390/children11040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This project involved a co-design process involving researchers and kindergarten teachers to produce learning activities that integrated fundamental movement skills (FMS) and mathematics. We piloted the co-designed activities (i.e., motor-math program) in a local kindergarten and examined the effects on FMS proficiency, mathematics skills, and accrued physical activity (PA). The participants comprised pupils (N = 39) from two matched kindergarten classes, in which we compared the motor-math program with typical mathematics lessons. All participants wore pedometers to measure their number of steps during class, one day per week. FMS proficiency (i.e., locomotor, object control) and mathematics skills (numeracy, geometry, math problem solving) were measured before and after implementation. Significant improvements in locomotor and object control skills were found only in the pilot group (p < 0.001); there were no differences in the changes in mathematics skills between the pilot and comparison groups. During implementation days, the participants in the pilot group accrued significantly greater step counts (p < 0.001) than those in the comparison group. Participating in the motor-math program appears to have benefits associated with improvements in FMS proficiency and accrued PA time, suggesting a promising potential for integrated activities as a means of PA promotion in kindergarten settings. Future work that examines the effects of the integration of movement with mathematics should consider randomization, greater sample size, and a longer intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Capio
- Department of Physiotherapy, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sum Kwing Cheung
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.K.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Serena S. W. Fung
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Xinyun Hu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.K.C.); (X.H.)
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18
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Keye SA, Kinder CJ, Rosok LM, Cannavale CN, Walk A, Khan NA. Neuroelectric indices of pre-motor planning and adiposity are selectively related to balance in children. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 95:103216. [PMID: 38579480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor function and weight status are components of physical fitness that have been implicated in childhood motor and cognitive development. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP), an index of motor planning and action, can provide context surrounding relationships between fitness and brain activity underlying cognitive and motor functions. This study evaluated the relationship between the LRP and motor skills, as well as associations between weight status and neural and behavioral motor functions. METHODS Children aged 7-13 (n = 35) participated in a cross-sectional study, using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (MABC-2) to assess balance, manual dexterity, and aiming/catching. The stimulus- (LRP-S) and response-locked (LRP-R) LRPs were elicited from a modified flanker task. Stepwise regressions tested the association between LRPs and MABC-2 components. Linear regressions were conducted to examine BMI and %Fat in relation to LRPs and MABC-2 components. RESULTS Analyses revealed that LRP-S mean amplitude difference (β = 0.401, P = 0.042) and reaction time interference scores (β = 0.545, P = 0.004) were positively associated with balance, after adjusting for covariates. The LRP-S and interference scores did not predict other MABC-2 outcomes and LRP-R did not predict any MABC-2 components. Further, %Fat (β = -0.439, P = 0.044), not BMI (β = -0.364, P = 0.082), only predicted balance. CONCLUSION We found that changes in the LRP-S amplitude were positively associated with balance, and %Fat was negatively related to balance. This evidence is that fitness components such as weight status and coordination are related to neural markers of motor function which may be useful in intervention designs aimed to improve brain function via improvements in physical fitness and health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Christopher J Kinder
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Laura M Rosok
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Anne Walk
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA.
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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19
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Maia J, Santos C, Pereira S, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Cruz H, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Katzmarzyk PT. A multivariate multilevel approach to unravel the associations between individual and school factors on children's motor performance in the REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24080. [PMID: 38562064 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to (1) estimate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and object control fundamental movement skills (FMS), (2) identify child characteristics that relate with PF and FMS, and (3) examine associations between the school environment, PF, and FMS. METHODS The sample included 1014 Portuguese children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. PF was assessed via running speed, shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip, and the PACER test. Object control FMS were assessed with stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll. Test performances were transformed into z-scores, and their sum was expressed as overall PF and FMS. Child-level variables included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, accelerometer-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES). School size, physical education classes, practice areas, and equipment were also assessed. RESULTS Approximately, 90% of the variance in object control PF and FMS was at the child level, and 10% at the school level. The correlation between PF and object control FMS was .62, which declined to .43 with the inclusion of covariates. Older, more active, and higher SES children had higher object control PF and FMS, and boys outperformed girls. BMI was negatively associated with PF but not with object control FMS. Sedentary time and number of physical education classes were not significant predictors. Most school predictors did not jointly associate with PF and object control FMS. CONCLUSION PF and object control FMS z-scores were moderately related. Not all child characteristics were associated with both PF and object control FMS, and their effect sizes were different. School characteristics only explained 10% of the total variation in PF and object control FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Matosinhos City-Hall, Division of Innovation, Education and Pedagogy, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Nayakarathna R, Patel N, Currie C, Faulkner G, Riazi N, Tremblay MS, Trudeau F, Larouche R. Correlates of Physical Activity in Children from Families Speaking Non-official Languages at Home: a Multi-site Canadian Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:815-825. [PMID: 36913115 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from families speaking a non-official language at home may be particularly at risk for low physical activity (PA), underscoring a need to investigate correlates of PA in this subpopulation. METHODS We recruited 478 children in 37 schools stratified by area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and type of urbanization within three regions of Canada. Steps/day were measured using SC-StepRx pedometers. We assessed potential social-ecological correlates with child and parent surveys. We used gender-stratified linear mixed models to examine the correlates of steps/day. RESULTS Outdoor time was the strongest correlate of boys' and girls' PA. Lower area-level SES was associated with less PA among boys, but outdoor time attenuated this difference. The strength of association between outdoor time and PA decreased with age in boys and increased with age in girls. DISCUSSION Outdoor time was the most consistent correlate of PA. Future interventions should promote outdoor time and address socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nimesh Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Negin Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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21
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Canli U, Aldhahi MI, Küçük H. Association of Physiological Performance, Physical Fitness, and Academic Achievement in Secondary School Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:396. [PMID: 38671613 PMCID: PMC11049434 DOI: 10.3390/children11040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the physiological performance and physical fitness based on the academic achievement levels of secondary school students and to explore the effect of gender on the relationship between physiological performance, physical fitness, and academic achievement. In this cross-sectional study, 304 children aged 13-14 years were recruited. To assess physical fitness, students performed a 20 m sprint test, a pro-agility test, a one-mile endurance run/walk test, and a countermovement jump test. At the end of the one-mile endurance run/walk test, the estimated VO2peak value of the participants was calculated. The physiological performance of the students was determined by measuring their resting heart rate and blood pressure. Students were grouped into three categories based on their academic achievement levels. The assessment of academic achievement considered their scores from the previous academic year. The scores were divided into three levels: poor (average score of 69 points or less), average (scores ranging from 70 to 84 points), and good (scores of 85 points or higher). The study revealed a notable disparity among students' VO2Max measurements based on their academic achievement (F = 8.938, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.056). However, we observed that the group with poor academic achievement displayed lower diastolic blood pressure values than the groups with average and good performances. Finally, no significant gender differences were evident in the relationship between academic achievement and any of the physical and physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Canli
- Sports Science Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Suleymanpasa, Tekirdag 59010, Turkey;
| | - Monira I. Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Küçük
- Yasar Dogu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55270, Turkey;
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22
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Jeppesen LS, Damsgaard L, Stolpe MN, Melcher JNS, Wienecke J, Nielsen G, Smedegaard S, Henriksen AH, Hansen RA, Hillman CH, Tammelin TH, Resaland GK, Daly-Smith A, Bugge A. Study protocol for the ACTIVE SCHOOL study investigating two different strategies of physical activity to improve academic performance in Schoolchildren. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:174. [PMID: 38461348 PMCID: PMC10924402 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that school-based physical activity (PA) interventions may have a positive impact on academic performance. However, existing literature on school-based interventions encompasses various forms of PA, spanning from vigorous intensity PA outside the academic classes to light intensity PA and movement integrated into academic learning tasks, and results on academic performance are inconclusive. ACTIVE SCHOOL will implement two different PA interventions for one school year and assess the effects on the pupils' academic performance, with math performance as the primary outcome. METHODS/DESIGN The ACTIVE SCHOOL project consists of two phases: 1) Development phase and 2) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). In phase one, two interventions were developed in collaboration with school staff. The two interventions were tested in an 8-weeks feasibility study. In phase two, a RCT-study with three arms will be conducted in 9-10-year-old children for one school year. The RCT-study will be carried out in two intervention rounds during the school years 2023/2024 and 2024/2025. Schools will be randomized to one of two interventions or control;1) Run, Jump & Fun intervention (4 × 30 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 2) Move & Learn intervention (4 × 30 min/week focusing on embodied learning in math and Danish lessons); or 3) a control condition, consisting of normal teaching practices. Outcome measures include academic performance, PA level, cognitive functions, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, well-being and school motivation (collected before, during and after the intervention period). A process evaluation will be conducted to assess implementation. DISCUSSION The ACTIVE SCHOOL study will expand knowledge regarding the impact of PA on academic performance. The study will have the potential to significantly contribute to future research, as well as the scientific and educational debate on the best way to implement PA to support education and learning. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on the 25th of October 2022 in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05602948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Sohl Jeppesen
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Linn Damsgaard
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Norup Stolpe
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Wienecke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Smedegaard
- Faculty of Teacher Education, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Husted Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ahmt Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew Daly-Smith
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 IDP, UK
| | - Anna Bugge
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Grauduszus M, Koch L, Wessely S, Joisten C. School-based promotion of physical literacy: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322075. [PMID: 38525332 PMCID: PMC10959127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of physical activity in children's healthy development is undisputed, with school-based interventions being seen as a priority. The promotion of physical literacy (PL) seems to be promising due to its holistic approach, combining physical, cognitive, and affective domains. To develop recommendations for possible measures, we compiled existing literature on existing school-based PL interventions. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and PsycInfo) were searched between July 6 and July 10, 2023, by combining the terms "physical literacy," "school," "program," "workshop," "intervention," and "curriculum" as well as a manual search. Records were screened in a two-stage process by two independent authors using a priori criteria. Eligible studies concerned PL interventions in the school context. The included records were sorted according to school type/population, structure, content, PL domains addressed, and evaluation. Results In total, 706 articles were found through the database search and an additional 28 articles through the manual search. After removing duplicates, 502 publications remained, which were screened by title and abstract, leaving 82 full texts. These were cut down to 37 articles describing 31 different programs (19 in primary schools, eight in secondary schools, one in both primary and secondary schools, and three unspecified). Most interventions were conducted during physical education classes (n = 12). All three PL domains were addressed by five interventions, while 11 interventions solely concerned the physical domain. In addition, 21 interventions evaluated their effects on PL. Most evaluations showed small to moderate but inconsistent effects on several PL-related constructs (e.g., self-efficacy, motivation, movement skills). Interventions incorporating all three domains reported positive effects on physical competence and enjoyment. Discussion Although there is a growing body of data related to school-based PL promotion, their effects and practical application remains relatively underdeveloped: study designs, study quality, PL assessments, and results are heterogeneous. Corresponding research adhering to the holistic approach of PL will be crucial in clarifying the potential lifelong role of PL in promoting physical activity, increasing health and well-being and to actually enable development of recommendations for action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart Koch
- *Correspondence: Martin Grauduszus, ; Lennart Koch,
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24
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Bucksch J, Möckel J, Kaman A, Sudeck G. Physical activity of older children and adolescents in Germany - Results of the HBSC study 2022 and trends since 2009/10. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2024; 9:62-78. [PMID: 38559682 PMCID: PMC10977466 DOI: 10.25646/11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Physical activity is central to health, beginning in childhood and adolescence, and regular monitoring provides important information for strategic decisions on promoting physical activity in Germany. Methods The current survey cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study gives an insight into the prevalence of the indicators daily recommended physical activity, high and low physical activity, and sporting activity among students aged between 11 and 15 for 2022. In addition, the data is compared to the survey cycles of the 2009/10, 2013/14, and 2017/18 school years and analysed over time. Results The results of the current survey cycle show that 10.8 % of girls, 20.9 % of boys, and 12.4 % of gender diverse adolescents fulfil the daily physical activity recommendation. There are also major gender-specific differences for the other indicators. The group of gender diverse adolescents needs to be analysed further. The changes over time between 2009/10 and 2022 are relatively small. While girls' physical activity habits decreased slightly for the various indicators between 2009/10 and 2022, boys' prevalence remained relatively stable over the same period. Conclusions Overall, in part due to the effects of the various COVID-19 lockdowns, the need for effective and population-based measures to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bucksch
- Heidelberg University of Education, Faculty of Natural and Social Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion
- Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Juliane Möckel
- Heidelberg University of Education, Faculty of Natural and Social Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion
- Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Anne Kaman
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Child Public Health Research Section
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute of Sports Science
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity
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Vanhala A, Widlund A, Korhonen J, Haapala EA, Sääkslahti A, Aunio P. Developmental associations of fundamental motor skills and executive functions in preschoolers - The role of the physical activity and the effects on early numeracy. Trends Neurosci Educ 2024; 34:100220. [PMID: 38499409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2024.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, fundamental motor skills, executive functions and early numeracy have shown to be related, but very little is known about the developmental relations of these factors. PROCEDURE We followed 317 children (3-6 years) over two years. Fundamental motor skills and executive functions (inhibition+switching, updating) were measured at all time points (T1, T2, T3) and physical activity at T1 and early numeracy at T3. MAIN FINDINGS Children with better fundamental motor skills at T1 developed slower in inhibition and switching. Fundamental motor skills developed faster in children who had better initial inhibition and switching ability. Vigorous physical activity at T1 was associated with a weaker initial inhibition and switching. The initial level and the developmental rate of updating were related to better early numeracy skills. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that fundamental motor skills and executive functions are developmentally related, and updating is an important predictor for early numeracy in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Vanhala
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Widlund
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Johan Korhonen
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pirjo Aunio
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Kasparian NA, Williams T, Oxenham V, Ayer J, Celermajer DS, Cordina RL. Cognitive Functioning and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Complex Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:529-543. [PMID: 38261061 PMCID: PMC10891231 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive dysfunction. However, associations between cognitive dysfunction and psychosocial outcomes are poorly defined. Between June and November 2022, we prospectively recruited 39 adults with complex CHD who completed a computerized cognitive assessment (Cogstate) and validated psychosocial scales measuring psychological distress, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and resilience. Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 11.2 years. Over half (62%) were women, most (79%) had complex biventricular CHD, and 21% had Fontan physiology. Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was greatest in the domains of attention (29%), working memory (25%), and psychomotor speed (21%). Adjusting for age and sex, Pearson partial correlations between Cogstate z-scores and self-reported cognitive problems were small. Participants who lived in the most disadvantaged areas and those with a below-average annual household income had lower global cognitive z-scores (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). Two-thirds (64%) reported elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress. Small correlations were observed between psychological distress and cognitive performance. Greater resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (r ≥ -0.5, p < 0.001) and higher HRQOL (r = 0.33, p = 0.02). Our findings demonstrate that adults with complex CHD have a high risk of cognitive dysfunction, though may not recognize or report their cognitive challenges. Lower socioeconomic status may be an indicator for those at risk of poorer cognitive functioning. Psychological distress is common though may not be a strong correlate of performance-based cognitive functioning. Formal cognitive evaluation in this patient population is essential. Optimizing resilience may be a protective strategy to minimize psychological distress and bolster HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Verrall
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Derek L Tran
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine A Kasparian
- Heart and Mind Wellbeing Center, Heart Institute and Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tracey Williams
- Kids Rehab, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Oxenham
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Ayer
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael L Cordina
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Maimaitituerxun R, Chen W, Xiang J, Xie Y, Xiao F, Wu XY, Chen L, Yang J, Liu A, Dai W. Predictive model for identifying mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A CHAID decision tree analysis. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3456. [PMID: 38450963 PMCID: PMC10918605 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the population ages, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) become common conditions that often coexist. Evidence has shown that MCI could lead to reduced treatment compliance, medication management, and self-care ability in T2DM patients. Therefore, early identification of those with increased risk of MCI is crucial from a preventive perspective. Given the growing utilization of decision trees in prediction of health-related outcomes, this study aimed to identify MCI in T2DM patients using the decision tree approach. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was performed in the Endocrinology Department of Xiangya Hospital affiliated to Central South University between March 2021 and December 2022. MCI was defined based on the Petersen criteria. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and T2DM-related information were collected. The study sample was randomly divided into the training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a decision tree model was established using the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm to identify key predictor variables associated with MCI. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to evaluate the performance of the established decision tree model, and the performance of multivariate regression model was also evaluated for comparison. RESULTS A total of 1001 participants (705 in the training set and 296 in the validation set) were included in this study. The mean age of participants in the training and validation sets was 60.2 ± 10.3 and 60.4 ± 9.5 years, respectively. There were no significant differences in the characteristics between the training and validation sets (p > .05). The CHAID decision tree analysis identified six key predictor variables associated with MCI, including age, educational level, household income, regular physical activity, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. The established decision tree model had 15 nodes composed of 4 layers, and age is the most significant predictor variable. It performed well (AUC = .75 [95% confidence interval (CI): .71-.78] and .67 [95% CI: .61-.74] in the training and validation sets, respectively), was internally validated, and had comparable predictive value compared to the multivariate logistic regression model (AUC = .76 [95% CI: .72-.80] and .69 [95% CI: .62-.75] in the training and validation sets, respectively). CONCLUSION The established decision tree model based on age, educational level, household income, regular physical activity, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy performed well with comparable predictive value compared to the multivariate logistic regression model and was internally validated. Due to its superior classification accuracy and simple presentation as well as interpretation of collected data, the decision tree model is more recommended for the prediction of MCI in T2DM patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wenhang Chen
- Department of NephrologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jingsha Xiang
- Department of Human ResourcesJinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xin Yin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Letao Chen
- Infection Control CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Preventive MedicineChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhiShanxiChina
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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28
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Qi J, Liu Y, Yan Y, Wang T, Zeng P. Evaluating causal influence of maternal educational attainment on offspring birthweight via observational study and Mendelian randomization analyses. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101587. [PMID: 38229657 PMCID: PMC10790093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although extensive discussions on the influence of maternal educational attainment on offspring birthweight, the conclusion remains controversial, and it is challenging to comprehensively assess the causal association between them. Methods To estimate effect of maternal educational attainment on the birthweight of first child, we first conducted an individual-level analysis with UK Biobank participants of white ancestry (n = 208,162). We then implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR and multivariable MR to assess the causal relation between maternal education and maternal-specific birthweight. Finally, using the UK Biobank parent-offspring trio data (n = 618), we performed a polygenic score based MR to simultaneously adjust for confounding effects of fetal-specific birthweight and paternal educational attainment. We also conducted simulations for power evaluation and sensitivity analyses for horizontal pleiotropy of instruments. Results We observed that birthweight of first child was positively influenced by maternal education, with 7 years of maternal education as the reference, adjusted effect = 44.8 (95%CIs 38.0-51.6, P = 6.15 × 10-38), 54.9 (95%CIs 47.6-62.2, P = 4.21 × 10-128), and 89.4 (95%CIs 82.1-96.7, P = 4.28 × 10-34) for 10, 15 and 20 years of maternal educational attainment, respectively. A causal relation between maternal education and offspring birthweight was revealed by IVW MR (estimated effect = 0.074 for one standard deviation increase in maternal education years, 95%CIs 0.054-0.093, P = 2.56 × 10-13) and by complementary MR methods. This connection was not substantially affected by paternal education or horizontal pleiotropy. Further, we found a positive but insignificant causal association (adjusted effect = 24.0, 95%CIs -150.1-198.1, P = 0.787) between maternal education and offspring birthweight after simultaneously controlling for fetal genome and paternal education; this null causality was largely due to limited power of small sample sizes of parent-offspring trios. Conclusion This study offers supportive evidence for a causal association between maternal education and offspring birthweight, highlighting the significance of enhancing maternal education to prevent low birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jike Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Stratakis K, Terzić-Šupić Z, Todorović J, Nešić D, Novaković I. Physical activity and mental health of medical students. Cent Eur J Public Health 2024; 32:39-44. [PMID: 38669156 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical students usually do not meet the recommendations on the minimum level of physical activity, despite knowing the impact that physical activity has on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Medical students are considered to be insufficiently physically active. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of physically active fifth-year medical students at five universities in Serbia, as well as to identify factors associated with insufficient physical activity of students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in the population of fifth-year medical students from five different universities in Serbia. The research instrument was a questionnaire specially designed based on similar research. Descriptive and analytical statistics methods were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS The study included a total of 573 fifth-year medical students from five universities in Serbia: 311 (54.3%) Belgrade; 86 (15.0%) Kragujevac; 58 (10.1%) Nis; 66 (11.5%) Kosovska Mitrovica; 52 (9.1%) Novi Sad. Insufficient physical activity was statistically significantly associated with studying at the University of Kosovska Mitrovica (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.83-8.57). There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of anti-anxiety medications use in the last 12 months between students with sufficient and insufficient physical activity (p = 0.040) as well as in the average number of cigarettes smoked per day between students with sufficient and those with insufficient physical activity (2.82 ± 6.35 vs. 4.50 ± 8.29, p = 0.043). There was also a statistically significant difference in the average score on the Beck's depression scale between students with sufficient and students with insufficient physical activity (6.51 ± 6.59 vs. 10.03 ± 9.37, p < 0.001) and in the average score on Zung's anxiety scale (34.86 ± 8.18 vs. 38.07 ± 8.71, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A high percentage of medical faculty students (86.6%) are physically active. Differences in the level of physical activity were observed between students of these five universities as well as between students with different levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorica Terzić-Šupić
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Nešić
- Institute for Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Goncalves A, Lespiau F, Briet G, Vaillant-Coindard E, Palermo A, Decobert E, Allegret-Bourdon N, Charbonnier E. Exploring the Use of a Learning-Based Exergame to Enhance Physical Literacy, Soft Skills, and Academic Learning in School-Age Children: Pilot Interventional Study. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e53072. [PMID: 38393767 PMCID: PMC10924257 DOI: 10.2196/53072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that most children do not perform enough physical activity (PA). To address this major public health problem, the French government implemented 30 minutes of daily PA (DPA) at schools but did not provide any supplemental resources or concrete guidance. Considering both children's interest in video games and the need for teachers to complete their curriculum, the use of a learning-based exergame that combines PA and learning appears particularly relevant. OBJECTIVE The first objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing 30 minutes of DPA through exergaming among school-age children. The second objective was to examine the effects of an exergaming program on physical literacy, academic learning, and soft skills (motivation, self-efficacy, and concentration). METHODS This interventional study had a pre-post design and used the Play LÜ exergame platform. The study included 79 children with a mean age of 8.9 (SD 1.2) years from grade 2 (7 years old) to grade 5 (11 years old). Play LÜ requires players to throw balls against a wall to reach a target or to activate an object and provides an interactive game area for educational activities linked to specific learning themes. After a 4-session familiarization phase during which the teachers chose to prioritize mathematics learning in 30-minute DPA sessions, students took part in DPA sessions over a period of 3 weeks with Play LÜ and a motor skills circuit behind the LÜ setup to keep them continuously active. All sessions were carried out by PA specialists. Each session started with a warm-up using the Grööve application, continued with main activities promoting mathematics learning adapted to each grade level, and ended with a 3-minute meditation for returning to a calm and serene state using the Gaïa application. Before (T0) and after (T1) the program, students completed a self-evaluation booklet to assess their levels of physical literacy, academic performance, and soft skills. RESULTS The implementation of this exergaming program was welcomed by the school's administration, teaching staff, and parents. After the program, we observed increased scores for physical literacy (difference +2.6, percentage change +3.6%; W=933.0; P=.002; rrb=-0.39, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.16) and motivation in mathematics (+0.7, +9.8%; W=381.5; P=.005; rrb=-0.44, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.16). In addition, it is important to note that some measures progressed differently across learning levels and age groups. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate positive impacts of learning-based exergaming on physical literacy and motivation in mathematics among school-age children.
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Raudeniece J, Vanags E, Justamente I, Skara D, Fredriksen PM, Brownlee I, Reihmane D. Relations between the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity, BMI, dietary habits, cognitive functions and attention problems in 8 to 9 years old pupils: network analysis (PACH Study). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:544. [PMID: 38383413 PMCID: PMC10882845 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and dietary habits (DH) play a crucial role on quality of life and health outcomes from various aspects. METHODS This study aims to investigate the relations between recommended daily levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in 8 to 9 year old pupils, and their body mass index (BMI), DH, cognitive functions and attention problem scores by network analysis. Study participants were split into two groups based on their MVPA levels on weekdays. RESULTS Our findings suggest that children who reach recommended MVPA levels consume more vegetables and fruits, eat breakfast more frequently, have better motor speed and lower impulsivity score. CONCLUSIONS The number of interlinkages between various parameters in network structure for children who do not reach recommended MVPA levels is greater and more intense, highlighting the differences between the groups and suggesting that different interventions and approaches to improve/change lifestyle habits might be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Raudeniece
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Edmunds Vanags
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Ilze Justamente
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Dana Skara
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Per Morten Fredriksen
- Department of Biotechology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2318, Hamar, Norway
| | - Iain Brownlee
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Dace Reihmane
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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Scott J, Jay T, Spray CM. The Role of Fundamental Movement Skills and Spatial Abilities in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Mathematics Achievement in Primary School Children. J Intell 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38392178 PMCID: PMC10889988 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence12020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated positive relationships between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and mathematics achievement in children, and this relationship may be mediated by spatial ability. Engaging in physical activity (PA) may also have positive outcomes on mathematics achievement; however, no study has investigated this network of relationships together. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PA and mathematics achievement, and the mediating effects of FMS and spatial abilities, in primary school children. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 182 children (aged 7 to 8 years old) across four schools in England. Objective moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels and subjective parental reports of their children's PA participation were collected. Children's FMS were assessed, along with their performance on four spatial ability tasks and a mathematics test. Mediation analyses revealed no significant mediation effects of FMS and spatial abilities on the positive significant relationship between MVPA and mathematics achievement; however, spatial ability partially mediated the relationship between FMS and mathematics achievement. These results suggest that FMS and spatial ability may not be related to MVPA in this network of relationships, but children with more mature FMS perform better in mathematics due to them performing better on specific spatial ability tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Scott
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tim Jay
- School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher M Spray
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Slekiene J, Chidziwisano K, Tilley E. Psychosocial factors associated with intention to pursue tertiary education among Malawian students: the moderating effect of mental health. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:65. [PMID: 38336801 PMCID: PMC10854067 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), approximately 9 million students are enrolled in tertiary education (TE), which is 4% of the total TE enrolment globally. Barriers to higher education in SSA are numerous: poverty, food insecurity, gender, and disability, while the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the situation. Little is known about the psychosocial factors and underlying mechanisms associated with students' intention to apply for TE. Using a psychological theory of behaviour change, our study investigated the psychosocial and context factors associated with the application to TE. METHODS In a cross-sectional research study 821 interviews using researcher-administered questionnaires were conducted with secondary school students in rural and urban Blantyre, Malawi. A quantitative questionnaire based on the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation (RANAS) model was used to assess psychosocial factors underlying application for TE. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and household hunger scale were used to assess mental health and hunger respectively. RESULTS More than half of the youth were at risk to develop depression (66.5%). Girls reported experiencing more depression symptoms than boys. Around 1 in every 5 interviewed youth lived in a home experiencing moderate or severe hunger. A higher intention to apply for TE was related to perceived vulnerability, affective beliefs (joy, happiness, excitement), injunctive (approval of others) and personal norms, self-efficacy, and commitment to apply. Factual knowledge about TE application was very limited. An intention to apply for TE and self-efficacy was positively associated with regular physical exercise, but negatively associated with mental health and hunger. However, mental health moderated the effects of physical exercise on the intention to apply for TE. We found significant differences between poor and good mental health groups on intention to apply for TE in perceived vulnerability, descriptive (behaviour of others) and personal norms, self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy and commitment factors. The results informed a behaviour change intervention strategy to increase students' intention to apply for TE. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings are an important contribution to the long-term strategy of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribute to the inclusion of vulnerable students with impaired mental health in higher education in Malawi and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Slekiene
- Global Health Engineering (GHE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D- MAVT), ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kondwani Chidziwisano
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Blantyre 3, Chichiri, Malawi
- Department of Environmental Health, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Blantyre 3, Chichiri, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Tilley
- Global Health Engineering (GHE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D- MAVT), ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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King-Dowling S, Fortnum K, Chirico D, Le T, Kwan MYW, Timmons BW, Cairney J. Reliability of field- and laboratory-based assessments of health-related fitness in preschool-aged children. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23987. [PMID: 37725014 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reliable measurements of health-related fitness-cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, body composition, and flexibility-are imperative for understanding and tracking health-related fitness from the preschool age. This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of field-based (i.e., sit and reach [standard and back-saver], standing long jump, grip strength); and laboratory-based (i.e., Bruce Protocol Treadmill Test, Wingate Anaerobic Test) assessments of health-related fitness in preschool aged children (4-5 years). METHODS Forty-two typically developing children participated in both assessment time points separated by 2-3 weeks. All fitness assessments were administered individually and repeated in the same order by the same assessor. Heteroscedasticity was examined for each parameter. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess test-retest reliability. RESULTS All parameters were homoscedastic. Test-retest reliability for the field-based tests and Bruce Protocol Treadmill Test parameters were moderate to good. Test-retest reliability for the Wingate Test parameters were good to excellent for maximum pedal rate, peak power, and peak power/kg; mean power and fatigue measured at 10 and 30 s demonstrated moderate to excellent test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION The standard sit and reach, grip strength, and short-term muscle power from the Wingate test are reliable assessments of health-related fitness in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara King-Dowling
- Department of Family Medicine, Infant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn Fortnum
- The University of Queensland, Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Department of Family Medicine, Infant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuyen Le
- Department of Family Medicine, Infant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Y W Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Infant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine, Infant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The University of Queensland, Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhu L, Ming Y, Wu M, Zhang X, Wang X, Li H, Lin Z, Gao F, Zhu Y. Effect of Fiber-Rich Diet and Rope Skipping on Memory, Executive Function, and Gut Microbiota in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300673. [PMID: 38072647 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate the effects of fiber-rich diets (FDs), rope skipping (RS), and the combination of these two interventions (fiber-rich diet with rope skipping [FD-RS]) on memory, executive function in young adults, and to explore their relationship with gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND RESULTS The study is a 12-week parallel-design randomized controlled trial in which 120 undergraduates (19 ± 1 years) are randomized to FD (fiber ≥ 20 g day-1 ), RS (3 × 2000 times per week), FD-RS or control group (n = 30 per group). Memory and executive function are assessed by scales, and stool samples are collected at baseline and after the intervention. FD group and FD-RS group show fewer prospective and retrospective subjective memory impairments than the control group, but there is no significant difference between FD-RS and the intervention alone (FD or RS). No obvious change in executive function is observed throughout the trial. In terms of the gut microbiota, the α-diversity does not increase, but the microbial community evenness improves after the RS and FD intervention. Additionally, the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in the RS group and NK4A214_group in the FD group significantly increase. In the RS group, a correlation is found between the increase in microbial evenness and the improvement in retrospective memory. CONCLUSION The FD and FD-RS have beneficial effects on memory in young adults. Meanwhile, FD and RS can improve the microbial evenness and increase several beneficial genera of phylum Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewei Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Yingan Ming
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zongyu Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Hill PJ, Mcnarry MA, Mackintosh KA, Murray MA, Pesce C, Valentini NC, Getchell N, Tomporowski PD, Robinson LE, Barnett LM. The Influence of Motor Competence on Broader Aspects of Health: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations Between Motor Competence and Cognitive and Social-Emotional Outcomes. Sports Med 2024; 54:375-427. [PMID: 37989831 PMCID: PMC10933160 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence has important developmental associations with aspects of physical health, but there has been no synthesis of longitudinal associations with cognitive and social-emotional health. OBJECTIVES The first aim was to present a conceptual model that positions motor competence as a mediator between physical activity and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes. The second aim was to synthesize the association of motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional development using longitudinal observational and experimental evidence, in particular to (i) identify the role of task, individual, and environmental characteristics in moderating the association between motor and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes and (ii) synthesize the strength of evidence pertaining to domain-specific relationships. METHODS This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched. Following study screening and risk-of-bias assessment by two authors, 49 eligible studies were identified for inclusion and grouped by study design. Evidence for domain-specific paths between motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes was synthesized by calculating the significant analyses in the hypothesized direction, divided by the total number of analyses for that path. These percentages were then collated for each domain outcome. This collated influence was classified as either no association (0-33%), written as '0', or indeterminate/inconsistent (34-59%), written as '?' If there were fewer than three studies in the domain, the strength of evidence was classified as insufficient (I). RESULTS Of the 49 studies, 35% were able to satisfy six or more of the seven risk-of-bias criteria. Longitudinal observational evidence about domain-specific and global associations of motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional development is indeterminate. The included studies also did not provide evidence for a consistent moderating role of age and sex. Some preliminary experimental evidence does support the role of motor competence in moderating the influence of cognitively enriched physical activity on cognitive outcomes, especially working memory and social-emotional skills. However, too few studies were appropriately designed to acknowledge the moderating role of contextual mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Between-study heterogeneity means it was not possible to identify definitive domain- and construct-specific relationships between motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes. To further develop our understanding, it is important that researchers acknowledge the complexity of these relationships within rigorous study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Hill
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Melitta A Mcnarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK.
| | - Maeve Aine Murray
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, D09 F8Y6, Ireland
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nancy Getchell
- Developmental Motor Control Laboratory, 157 Human Performance Lab, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, 19713, DE, UK
| | | | - Leah E Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, SKB 1054; 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Building BC, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Melbourne, 3125, Australia
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Bezerra T, Esteban-Cornejo I, Goulart N, Mota J, Souza Filho A, Clark CCT, Bandeira P, de Lucena Martins CM. Are there associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with preschoolers' executive function? Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38282420 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2310101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Preschool children spend a large part of their day at school, and a large part of that time they spend in sedentary time. Although sedentary time negatively affects regions of the brain responsible for cognition, it is believed that the type of sedentary time performed can favor executive functions' performance. The present study explored the associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with executive function (EF) tasks in preschoolers. Seventy-three preschool children (60% girls; 55.0 ± 9.1 months of age) were objectively assessed for sedentary time and physical activity (PA) using accelerometers (wGT3X). EF was evaluated using the Go/No-Go paradigm through the Early Years Toolbox - YET. Go's inverse efficiency (IE) and the No-Go accuracy were analyzed. To establish possible associations between EF and sedentary time, a structural equation model was conducted after adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. A significant and positive association between sedentary time on weekend days and IE (b = 0.61; p < .001) was observed. The general model explained 52% of the variation in IE and 2.1% in the accuracy of No-Go. The sedentary time on weekend days seems to be related to worse EI. This result emphasizes a context-dependent association between time being sedentary and preschoolers' EF. Further investigations should focus on exploring the type of sedentary behavior children are engaged in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynã Bezerra
- Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Paraiso Faculty, Araripina, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Goulart
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cain C T Clark
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Paulo Bandeira
- Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Latino F, Tafuri F. Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:216. [PMID: 38399504 PMCID: PMC10890300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuroscience applied to motor activity is a growing area that aims to understand the effects of motor activity on the structures and functions of the Central Nervous System. Attention has been paid to this multidisciplinary field of investigation by the scientific community both because it is of great importance in the treatment of many chronic diseases and because of its potential applications in the Movement Sciences. Motor activity during a developmental age is, in fact, an indispensable tool for the physical and mental growth of children, both able-bodied and disabled. Through movement, individuals can improve their physical efficiency and promote their own better health, establish relationships with the environment and others, express themselves and their emotions, form their identity and develop cognitive processes. This literature review aims, therefore, to highlight how an adequate practice of motor activity offers extraordinary possibilities for everyone in relation to learning, from the perspective of an integral development of the person, and, consequently, can raise the awareness of those involved in the training and growth, especially the youngest, towards the educational value of motor and sports activities. According to this review, and in line with the modern neuroscientific approach toward the relationships between motor activities and cognitive functions, it is possible to claim that hypokinesia tends to inhibit learning. Therefore, it now seems more topical than ever to draw attention to the need to introduce working proposals that integrate brain-based motor activity programs into the school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Latino
- Department of Human Science, Educational and Sport, Pegaso University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Heracle Lab Research in Educational Neuroscience, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Li QZ, Fang Q, Zhao XT, Peng W. Motor ability development by integrating small-sided games into physical education class. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1259924. [PMID: 38318084 PMCID: PMC10839081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1259924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhi Li
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Fang
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Tang Zhao
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan Peng
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Bruneau-Chávez J, Merellano-Navarro E. The Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Adiposity, Physical Fitness and Motor Competence: A School-Based, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:137. [PMID: 38275447 PMCID: PMC10814922 DOI: 10.3390/children11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that early physical activity interventions are a means of preventing childhood obesity and are more effective when delivered in a school setting and based on the ecological model. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of a multicomponent intervention based on the ecological model on adiposity, physical fitness and motor competence in children aged 4 to 5 years. METHODS This study is a non-randomized controlled trial involving 173 children from Chile. The intervention was based on an ecological model and consisted of a physical activity program with three simultaneous parts, affecting intra- and interpersonal dimensions. The adiposity index, body mass index and waist circumference were measured. For physical fitness, muscle strength in the lower part, speed/agility and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Motor competence was assessed using catching, aiming and dynamic and static balance tests. RESULTS After the intervention, there was no reduction in adiposity indices; in the intervention group, body mass index increased significantly with a high effect size. The intervention group showed significant differences in physical fitness in the components of muscle strength in the lower part (p = 0.000) and speed/agility (p = 0.002). For motor competence, the intervention group showed significant improvements in most components. CONCLUSIONS The multicomponent intervention did not reduce adiposity indices; however, it caused significant improvements in the physical fitness and motor competence components, so it seems prudent to continue implementing it, given the benefits that adequate levels of motor competence and physical fitness bring to children's health, both in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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Poulos A, Wilson K, Schulke M, Nam K, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Bai Y, Kulinna PH. A natural experiment to assess recess frequency on children's physical activity in Arizona (U.S.) elementary schools. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:225. [PMID: 38238751 PMCID: PMC10797942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, the number of state policies mandating recess in schools has rapidly increased over the past decade; however, few policies specify recess frequency. Informed by an ecological model of physical activity (PA) policy, this study examined and compared total amounts and intensity of PA expended during recess among children attending schools in compliance with Arizona recess policy ARS§ 15-118 mandating 2 + daily recess periods versus not. METHODS PA during recess was measured among grade three children (ages 8-10) in four randomly selected elementary schools (two complying averaging 30 daily recess minutes; two non-complying averaging 15 daily recess minutes) in Maricopa County, Arizona. Group-level PA was assessed by direct observation using the System for Observing Play and Leisure (137 observations). A subset of students (N = 134) from all schools wore ActiGraph GT3X + devices during recess to measure individual PA. General linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the impact of recess frequency on group and individual PA during recess. RESULTS Students attending complying schools spent significantly greater proportions of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) based on direct observation (5%) and accelerometry (15%) and less time being sedentary based on accelerometry (14%) during recess. Across the school day, this would equate to 5.1 more MVPA minutes based on systematic direct observation and 9.5 more MVPA minutes based on accelerometry, and 4.1 less minutes being sedentary based on accelerometry if students received two daily 15-minute recess periods compared to one. CONCLUSIONS Students attending elementary schools implementing 2 + recesses, in accordance with state policy, demonstrated greater MVPA and less sedentary time, providing preliminary evidence that recess frequency is associated with greater PA intensity among children during recess. Schools that adhere to state-level PA policies may provide a more supportive environment for PA, resulting in increased movement among students. Specifying recess frequency should be considered in statewide recess policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Poulos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, ABC 222 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Kylie Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, ABC 222 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Marissa Schulke
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, ABC 222 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Kahyun Nam
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Punam Ohri-Vachaspati
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, ABC 222 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Agyekum MW, Afrifa-Anane GF, Kyei-Arthur F. Prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults, Ghana: evidence from the Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38212686 PMCID: PMC10785330 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are studies on disabilities in older persons, most of these studies have been carried out in developed countries. Hence, there are limited studies on disability in older adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. The few studies that have examined the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults used survey data for their analyses. To contribute to addressing this knowledge gap that has arisen, this study used a national census, the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census, to examine the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana. METHODS The 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census data was used for this study. A sample size of 197,057 Ghanaians aged 60 years and above was used for this study. The Washington Group questions on disability were used to measure disability by asking older adults about their difficulties in performing the six domains of disability (physical, sight, intellectual, hearing, self-care, and speech). A multinomial logistic regression housed in STATA was used to analyse the correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana. A p-value less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance. RESULTS The results show that slightly more than one-third (38.4%) of the older adults were disabled. In terms of the number of disabilities in older adults, 16.9% had one disability condition, while 2.4% had six disability conditions. Also, 9.4% had two disability conditions. Older adults who were females, aged 70-79 years and 80 years and above, resided in rural areas, with primary, JHS/Middle, SHS, unaffiliated with religion, ever married and never married, unemployed, and belonged to the middle and rich households were more likely to have a disability condition. Also, older adults residing in the Middle and Northern zones, having no health insurance, and using clean cooking fuel were less likely to have a disability condition. CONCLUSIONS The results show that socio-demographic and household factors were associated with disability in older adults in Ghana. Hence, policymakers and researchers should target these factors when designing appropriate policies, programmes, and interventions to improve the wellbeing of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiredu Agyekum
- Institute for Educational Research and Innovation Studies, University of Education Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.
| | - Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
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Reyes-Amigo T, Ibarra-Mora J, Aguilar-Farías N, Gómez-Álvarez N, Carrasco-Beltrán H, Zapata-Lamana R, Hurtado-Almonácid J, Páez-Herrera J, Yañez-Sepulveda R, Cortés G, Rolle-Cáceres G, Bezerra A. An active break program (ACTIVA-MENTE) at elementary schools in Chile: study protocol for a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1243592. [PMID: 38259740 PMCID: PMC10800631 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1243592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is prevalent in childhood. Schools can be an ideal context to promote the regular practice of physical activity since children spend there a large part of the day. In this sense, an emerging and current trend is active breaks at school. This article presents a study protocol that seeks to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention with active breaks (ACTIVA-MENTE program) in a school context on physical activity, on-task classroom behavior, and the physical activity enjoyment in schoolchildren. Methods The protocol includes children aged 10 to 11 years. Two groups will be randomized (intervention and control groups). The intervention group will use the active break program, ACTIVA-MENTE, which consists of the application of a 4-min, 30-s video with moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity. These breaks will be taken 6 times a day in the classes for 6 weeks. The total physical activity will be measured with accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X-BT), the on-task behavior through the Direct Behavior Rating Scale and the level of enjoyment through the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Discussion Previous research reported that active breaks have positive results in physical activity levels. This study will be one of the few to design active breaks through videos without depending on the presence of a physical education teacher and it can also provide new findings on the effectiveness of an active break's structure (e.g., types of exercises and intensity) on the indicated outcomes. Expected results It is expected that the ACTIVA-MENTE program can be a suitable program for school settings, potentially increasing physical activity levels, and the commitment to the task, as well as be a pleasant moment for the students. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05403996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Reyes-Amigo
- Physical Activity Sciences Observatory (OCAF), Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jessica Ibarra-Mora
- Physical Education, Universidad Metropolitana de las Ciencias de la Educación, Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Nicolás Aguilar-Farías
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez
- Physical Activity, Health and Education Research Group (AFSYE), Physical Education Pedagogy, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Hernaldo Carrasco-Beltrán
- Physical Activity Sciences Observatory (OCAF), Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Juan Hurtado-Almonácid
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaísio, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Páez-Herrera
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaísio, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Guillermo Cortés
- School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Grissel Rolle-Cáceres
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Muntaner‐Mas A, Morales JS, Martínez‐de‐Quel Ó, Lubans DR, García‐Hermoso A. Acute effect of physical activity on academic outcomes in school-aged youth: A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14479. [PMID: 37632197 PMCID: PMC10952189 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the number of studies examining the effect of acute and chronic physical activity on academic outcomes in children and adolescents in the last two decades. We aimed to systematically determine the acute effects of physical activity on academic outcomes in school-aged youth and to examine possible moderators. METHODS We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases (from inception to 11th January 2023) for studies assessing the acute effects of physical activity on academic performance-related outcomes in school-aged youth. A univariate and multivariate meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood used to pool the academic outcomes results (Hedge's g). RESULTS We included 11 articles (803 children and adolescents [range: 6-16 years]) in the systematic review. Overall, acute physical activity increased academic outcomes (Hedge's g = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20-0.50). Multivariate meta-analyses revealed that physical activity increased academic performance in mathematics (Hedge's g = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16-0.42) and language (Hedge's g = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.47). Only behavior change techniques (Hedge's g = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.18-0.90, p < 0.001) played a significant role in this relationship. CONCLUSIONS A single bout of physical activity can improve academic outcomes in school-aged youth, which may serve as a complementary tool for the educational field. However, the observed heterogeneity in the results indicates that we should interpret the findings obtained with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner‐Mas
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, Faculty of EducationUniversity of Balearic IslandsPalmaSpain
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research GroupSport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Javier S. Morales
- MOVE‐IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education SciencesUniversity of CadizCadizSpain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research UnitPuerta del Mar University Hospital, University of CadizCadizSpain
| | - Óscar Martínez‐de‐Quel
- Faculty of EducationComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences‐INEFTechnical University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social FuturesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Antonio García‐Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
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Haapala EA, Lubans DR, Jaakkola T, Barker AR, Plaza-Florido A, Gracia-Marco L, Solis-Urra P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Ortega FB. Which indices of cardiorespiratory fitness are more strongly associated with brain health in children with overweight/obesity? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14549. [PMID: 38093459 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the strength of associations between different indices of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and brain health outcomes in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Participants were 100 children aged 8-11 years. CRF was assessed using treadmill exercise test (peak oxygen uptake [V̇O2peak ], treadmill time, and V̇O2 at ventilatory threshold) and 20-metre shuttle run test (20mSRT, laps, running speed, estimated V̇O2peak using the equations by Léger et al., Mahar et al., and Matsuzaka et al.). Intelligence, executive functions, and academic performance were assessed using validated methods. Total gray matter and hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural MRI. RESULTS V̇O2peak /body mass (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.01-0.35) and treadmill time (β = 0.18-0.21, 95% CI = 0.01-0.39) were positively associated with gray matter volume. 20mSRT laps were positively associated with executive functions (β = 0.255, 95% CI = 0.089-0.421) and academic performance (β = 0.199-0.255, 95% CI = 0.006-0.421), and the running speed was positively associated with executive functions (β = 0.203, 95% CI = 0.039-0.367). Estimated V̇O2peak/Léger et al. was positively associated with intelligence, executive functions, academic performance, and gray matter volume (β = 0.205-0.282, 95% CI = 0.013-0.500). Estimated V̇O2peak/Mahar et al. and V̇O2peak/Matsuzaka et al. (speed) were positively associated with executive functions (β = 0.204-0.256, 95% CI = 0.031-0.436). CONCLUSION Although V̇O2peak is considered the gold standard indicator of CRF in children, peak performance (laps or running speed) and estimated V̇O2peak/Léger et al. derived from 20mSRT had stronger and more consistent associations with brain health outcomes than other indices of CRF in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David R Lubans
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Services, "Virgen de Las Nieves", University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
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Pienaar AE, Gericke C, du Plessis W. Longitudinal pathways of associations between motor proficiency and physical fitness during earlier and later childhood: The NW-CHILD study. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241232515. [PMID: 38490224 PMCID: PMC10943737 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241232515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between motor proficiency (MP) and physical fitness (PF) is important for the future health of children, although longitudinal findings of this nature are limited. This study explored the association between MP and PF during earlier childhood (6 and 9 years old) and later childhood (12 years old) in boys and girls. A stratified and randomized research design including a baseline and two follow-up time-point measures (2010, 2013, and 2016) were used. Primary school children (N = 374, boys = 178; girls = 196) were tested with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor-Proficiency-2, Short Form, and the Test of Gross Motor Development- 2, at ages 6 and 9 years, and with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test at age 12. Spearman Rank Order Correlations and stepwise regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Although of a low magnitude, proof of a dynamic longitudinal, but a stable relationship between MP and PF were found and with different gender-specific relationships in this pathway of association. A small but significant percentage of variation in PF at 12 years could be explained by overall motor competence (MC) and object control skills (OCS) at the ages of 6 and 9 years. Among girls, the association with PF at 12 years was influenced by both OCS, and MC, although only MC contributed to the variation found in boys. Socio-economic status made an insignificant contribution at 6 years to later PF in boys, but not in girls. MC, including OCS during early and middle childhood can be considered as possible triggers of physical activity which again, can increase PF during later childhood. Obtaining early competence in these developmental areas is therefore important to promote positive and sustainable trajectories of health with long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Elizabeth Pienaar
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carli Gericke
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wilmarié du Plessis
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Jalanko P, Säisänen L, Kallioniemi E, Könönen M, Lakka TA, Määttä S, Haapala EA. Associations between physical fitness and cerebellar gray matter volume in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14513. [PMID: 37814505 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of the developing cerebellum on cognition, the associations between physical fitness and cerebellar volume in adolescents remain unclear. We explored the associations of physical fitness with gray matter (GM) volume of VI, VIIb and Crus I & II, which are cerebellar lobules related to cognition, in 40 (22 females; 17.9 ± 0.8 year-old) adolescents, and whether the associations were sex-specific. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak ) and power were assessed by maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer, muscular strength with standing long jump (SLJ), speed-agility with the shuttle-run test (SRT), coordination with the Box and Block Test (BBT) and neuromuscular performance index (NPI) as the sum of SLJ, BBT and SRT z-scores. Body composition was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cerebellar volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. V̇O2peak relative to lean mass was inversely associated with the GM volume of the cerebellum (standardized regression coefficient (β) = -0.038, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.075 to 0.001, p = 0.044). Cumulative NPI was positively associated with the GM volume of Crus I (β = 0.362, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.679, p = 0.027). In females, better performance in SRT was associated with a larger GM volume of Crus I (β = -0.373, 95% CI -0.760 to -0.028, p = 0.036). In males, cumulative NPI was inversely associated with the GM volume of Crus II (β = -0.793, 95% CI -1.579 to -0.008 p = 0.048). Other associations were nonsignificant. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness, neuromuscular performance and speed-agility were associated with cerebellar GM volume, and the strength and direction of associations were sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Jalanko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Säisänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology/Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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O'Callaghan L, Foweather L, Crotti M, Oppici L, Pesce C, Boddy L, Fitton Davies K, Rudd J. Associations of physical activity dose and movement quality with executive functions in socioeconomically disadvantaged children aged 5-6 years. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102546. [PMID: 37858876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up in areas of high deprivation can negatively impact children's movement behaviours and cognitive development. Enhancing the quantity and quality of children's movement experiences is believed to enhance cognitive development. This study investigated the association of three different modes of movement assessment, movement proficiency and divergent movement ability (collectively understood as motor competence) and PA dose with executive function in a low socio-economic demographic. Demographics, motor competence, and a combination of motor competence and physical activity were hypothesized to be significantly predictor of executive functions. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 360 children aged 5-6 years from deprived areas were assessed using three movement assessments: wrist-worn accelerometery for physical activity dose, Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for movement proficiency, and divergent movement assessment. Executive function, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, was measured using the NIH Toolbox on an iPad. Multiple linear regression models were designed to evaluate the independent and combined association of demographics, movement competence and physical activity variables with executive function. RESULTS The regression analysis, with demographic factors only, explained 12% of EF variance (r2 = 0.12 95%CI 0.06-0.18). In addition to this demographics the model with divergent movement explained 19% of EF variance (r2 = 0.19 95% CI = 0.12-0.28), the model with movement proficiency explained 16% of EF variance (r2 = 0.16 95% CI = 0.08-0.26) and the model with PA dose explained 13% of EF variance (r2 = 0.13 95% CI = 0.07-0.20). In these models both divergent movement and proficiency were significant predictors, whilst physical activity variables were not. The final models, combining motor competence and physical activity variables, explained 24% and 23% of EF variance (r2 = 0.24 CI = 0.14-0.33 and r2 = 0.23 CI = 0.14-0.32). In these models, motor competence variables were significant predictors, and only vigorous physical activity and Euclidean Norm Minus One emerged as significant PA dose predictors. DISCUSSION These findings emphasise that motor competence and physical activity variables better predict executive functions when they are combined. When considered individually both motor competence variables were significant predictors of executive function whilst physical activity variables were not. Importantly, among the two movement competence facets, divergent movement assessment exhibited the strongest association with executive function. Future interventions should consider how to facilitate both movement and cognitive development in children. Future interventions should consider both the interplay of movement quality and quantity and the importance of environments that invite children's exploratory movement behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura O'Callaghan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lawrence Foweather
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matteo Crotti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Luca Oppici
- Department of Teacher Education and Outdoor Studies, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lynne Boddy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Fitton Davies
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Rudd
- Department of Teacher Education and Outdoor Studies, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applies Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
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49
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Howie EK, Lamm C, Shreve MD, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Beyond weight: associations between 24-hour movement behaviors, cardiometabolic and cognitive health in adolescents with and without obesity. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Connie Lamm
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Marilou D. Shreve
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Wu R, Kong S, Kang SJ. Physical Activity Is Associated with Physical Fitness and Executive Function among School Children in the Jiangxi Region of China. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:42. [PMID: 38255356 PMCID: PMC10814843 DOI: 10.3390/children11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that a positive relationship exists between physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and cognitive function in children and adolescents. However, research remains limited on the relationship among these three variables in Chinese individuals not living in big cities or specific regions. Therefore, this study investigated the association of PA with physical fitness and cognitive function (specifically, executive function) among 1100 children aged 9-12 years living in the Jiangxi region of China. Participants' PA levels were measured using the PA questionnaire for older children. Physical fitness was assessed based on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). Executive function was assessed using the Behavior Rating in Inventory of Executive Function questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance, Scheffé tests, one-way analyses of covariance, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results showed that PA is significantly associated (p < 0.01) with cardiorespiratory endurance (r = 0.460), muscular endurance (r = 0.270), muscle strength (r = 0.190), BMI (r = -0.114), and executive function (r = -0.140). Moreover, all components of physical fitness and executive function differed significantly based on PA level, with and without age and sex as covariates (p < 0.05). Overall, our results highlight the importance of higher PA levels during childhood to improve physical fitness and cognitive function. Including the goal of improving health-related fitness factors, such as cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength, is particularly important in PA programs for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renle Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China;
| | - Sunga Kong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh-Jung Kang
- Sports and Health Care Major, College of Culture and Arts, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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