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Olszewska M, Malcher A, Stokowy T, Pollock N, Berman AJ, Budkiewicz S, Kamieniczna M, Jackowiak H, Suszynska-Zajczyk J, Jedrzejczak P, Yatsenko AN, Kurpisz M. Effects of Tcte1 knockout on energy chain transportation and spermatogenesis: implications for male infertility. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae020. [PMID: 38650655 PMCID: PMC11035007 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the Tcte1 mutation causative for male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER Our collected data underline the complex and devastating effect of the single-gene mutation on the testicular molecular network, leading to male reproductive failure. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Recent data have revealed mutations in genes related to axonemal dynein arms as causative for morphology and motility abnormalities in spermatozoa of infertile males, including dysplasia of fibrous sheath (DFS) and multiple morphological abnormalities in the sperm flagella (MMAF). The nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) coordinates the dynein arm activity and is built from the DRC1-DRC7 proteins. DRC5 (TCTE1), one of the N-DRC elements, has already been reported as a candidate for abnormal sperm flagella beating; however, only in a restricted manner with no clear explanation of respective observations. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique, a mouse Tcte1 gene knockout line was created on the basis of the C57Bl/6J strain. The mouse reproductive potential, semen characteristics, testicular gene expression levels, sperm ATP, and testis apoptosis level measurements were then assessed, followed by visualization of N-DRC proteins in sperm, and protein modeling in silico. Also, a pilot genomic sequencing study of samples from human infertile males (n = 248) was applied for screening of TCTE1 variants. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS To check the reproductive potential of KO mice, adult animals were crossed for delivery of three litters per caged pair, but for no longer than for 6 months, in various combinations of zygosity. All experiments were performed for wild-type (WT, control group), heterozygous Tcte1+/- and homozygous Tcte1-/- male mice. Gross anatomy was performed on testis and epididymis samples, followed by semen analysis. Sequencing of RNA (RNAseq; Illumina) was done for mice testis tissues. STRING interactions were checked for protein-protein interactions, based on changed expression levels of corresponding genes identified in the mouse testis RNAseq experiments. Immunofluorescence in situ staining was performed to detect the N-DRC complex proteins: Tcte1 (Drc5), Drc7, Fbxl13 (Drc6), and Eps8l1 (Drc3) in mouse spermatozoa. To determine the amount of ATP in spermatozoa, the luminescence level was measured. In addition, immunofluorescence in situ staining was performed to check the level of apoptosis via caspase 3 visualization on mouse testis samples. DNA from whole blood samples of infertile males (n = 137 with non-obstructive azoospermia or cryptozoospermia, n = 111 samples with a spectrum of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, including n = 47 with asthenozoospermia) was extracted to perform genomic sequencing (WGS, WES, or Sanger). Protein prediction modeling of human-identified variants and the exon 3 structure deleted in the mouse knockout was also performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE No progeny at all was found for the homozygous males which were revealed to have oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, while heterozygous animals were fertile but manifested oligozoospermia, suggesting haploinsufficiency. RNA-sequencing of the testicular tissue showed the influence of Tcte1 mutations on the expression pattern of 21 genes responsible for mitochondrial ATP processing or linked with apoptosis or spermatogenesis. In Tcte1-/- males, the protein was revealed in only residual amounts in the sperm head nucleus and was not transported to the sperm flagella, as were other N-DRC components. Decreased ATP levels (2.4-fold lower) were found in the spermatozoa of homozygous mice, together with disturbed tail:midpiece ratios, leading to abnormal sperm tail beating. Casp3-positive signals (indicating apoptosis) were observed in spermatogonia only, at a similar level in all three mouse genotypes. Mutation screening of human infertile males revealed one novel and five ultra-rare heterogeneous variants (predicted as disease-causing) in 6.05% of the patients studied. Protein prediction modeling of identified variants revealed changes in the protein surface charge potential, leading to disruption in helix flexibility or its dynamics, thus suggesting disrupted interactions of TCTE1 with its binding partners located within the axoneme. LARGE SCALE DATA All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. RNAseq data are available in the GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE207805. The results described in the publication are based on whole-genome or exome sequencing data which includes sensitive information in the form of patient-specific germline variants. Information regarding such variants must not be shared publicly following European Union legislation, therefore access to raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION In the study, the in vitro fertilization performance of sperm from homozygous male mice was not checked. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study contains novel and comprehensive data concerning the role of TCTE1 in male infertility. The TCTE1 gene is the next one that should be added to the 'male infertility list' because of its crucial role in spermatogenesis and proper sperm functioning. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by National Science Centre in Poland, grants no.: 2015/17/B/NZ2/01157 and 2020/37/B/NZ5/00549 (to M.K.), 2017/26/D/NZ5/00789 (to A.M.), and HD096723, GM127569-03, NIH SAP #4100085736 PA DoH (to A.N.Y.). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nijole Pollock
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea J Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sylwia Budkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Jedrzejczak
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander N Yatsenko
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Verma S, Moreno IY, Prinholato da Silva C, Sun M, Cheng X, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Endogenous TSG-6 modulates corneal inflammation following chemical injury. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:26-38. [PMID: 38151073 PMCID: PMC11056311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is upregulated in various pathophysiological contexts, where it has a diverse repertoire of immunoregulatory functions. Herein, we investigated the expression and function of TSG-6 during corneal homeostasis and after injury. METHODS Human corneas, eyeballs from BALB/c (TSG-6+/+), TSG-6+/- and TSG-6-/- mice, human immortalized corneal epithelial cells and murine corneal epithelial progenitor cells were prepared for immunostaining and real time PCR analysis of endogenous expression of TSG-6. Mice were subjected to unilateral corneal debridement or alkali burn (AB) injuries and wound healing assessed over time using fluorescein stain, in vivo confocal microscopy and histology. RESULTS TSG-6 is endogenously expressed in the human and mouse cornea and established corneal epithelial cell lines and is upregulated after injury. A loss of TSG-6 has no structural and functional effect in the cornea during homeostasis. No differences were noted in the rate of corneal epithelial wound closure between BALB/c, TSG-6+/- and TSG-6-/- mice. TSG-6-/- mice presented decreased inflammatory response within the first 24 h of injury and accelerated corneal wound healing following AB when compared to control mice. CONCLUSION TSG-6 is endogenously expressed in the cornea and upregulated after injury where it propagates the inflammatory response following chemical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Isabel Y Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Hargil A, Kuipers HF, Ishak HD, Bogdani M, Hull RL, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis prevents β-cell loss in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:34-47. [PMID: 37783236 PMCID: PMC10841470 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified a novel role for the inflammatory extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) in this pathophysiology. Low concentrations of HA were present in healthy pancreatic islets. However, HA substantially accumulated in cadaveric islets of T2D patients and islets of the db/db mouse model of T2D in response to hyperglycemia. Treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, or the deletion of the main HA receptor CD44, preserved glycemic control and insulin concentrations in db/db mice despite ongoing weight gain, indicating a critical role for this pathway in T2D pathogenesis. 4-MU treatment and the deletion of CD44 likewise preserved glycemic control in other settings of β-cell injury including streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. Mechanistically, we found that 4-MU increased the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin, a downstream transcriptional target of CD44 dependent on HA/CD44 signaling, on β-cells such that caspase 3 activation did not result in β-cell apoptosis. These data indicated a role for HA accumulation in diabetes pathogenesis and suggested that it may be a viable target to ameliorate β-cell loss in T2D. These data are particularly exciting, because 4-MU is already an approved drug (also known as hymecromone), which could accelerate translation of these findings to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivekananda G Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather D Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine - Endocrinology, Endocrine Clinic, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Cardoso LEM, Marinho TS, Martins FF, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Treatment with semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, improves extracellular matrix remodeling in the pancreatic islet of diet-induced obese mice. Life Sci 2023; 319:121502. [PMID: 36796719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The extracellular matrix (ECM) is fundamental for the normal endocrine functions of pancreatic islet cells and plays key roles in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Here we investigated the turnover of islet ECM components, including islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), in an obese mouse model treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonist. MAIN METHODS Male one-month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 16 weeks, then treated with semaglutide (subcutaneous 40 μg/kg every three days) for an additional four weeks (HFS). The islets were immunostained and gene expressions were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Comparisons refer to HFS vs HF. Thus, IAPP immunolabeling and beta-cell-enriched beta-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (Bace2, -40 %) and heparanase immunolabeling and gene (Hpse, -40 %) were mitigated by semaglutide. In contrast, perlecan (Hspg2, +900 %) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa, +420 %) were enhanced by semaglutide. Also, semaglutide lessened syndecan 4 (Sdc4, -65 %) and hyaluronan synthases (Has1, -45 %; Has2, -65 %) as well as chondroitin sulfate immunolabeling, and collagen type 1 (Col1a1, -60 %) and type 6 (Col6a3, -15 %), lysyl oxidase (Lox, -30 %) and metalloproteinases (Mmp2, -45 %; Mmp9, -60 %). SIGNIFICANCE Semaglutide improved the turnover of islet heparan sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and collagens in the islet ECM. Such changes should contribute to restoring a healthy islet functional milieu and should reduce the formation of cell-damaging amyloid deposits. Our findings also provide additional evidence for the involvement of islet proteoglycans in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E M Cardoso
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thatiany Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Hargil A, Kuipers HF, Ishak HD, Bogdani M, Hull RL, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis prevents β-cell loss in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530522. [PMID: 36909502 PMCID: PMC10002695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have identified a novel role for the inflammatory extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) in this pathophysiology. Low levels of HA are present in healthy pancreatic islets. However, HA substantially accumulates in cadaveric islets of human T2D and islets of the db/db mouse model of T2D in response to hyperglycemia. Treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, or the deletion of the major HA receptor CD44, preserve glycemic control and insulin levels in db/db mice despite ongoing weight gain, indicating a critical role for this pathway in T2D pathogenesis. 4-MU treatment and the deletion of CD44 likewise preserve glycemic control in other settings of β-cell injury including streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. Mechanistically, we find that 4-MU increases the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin, a downstream transcriptional target of CD44 dependent on HA/CD44 signaling, on β-cells such that caspase 3 activation does not result in β-cell apoptosis. These data indicate a role for HA accumulation in diabetes pathogenesis and suggest that it may be a viable target to ameliorate β-cell loss in T2D. These data are particularly exciting, because 4-MU is already an approved drug (also known as hymecromone), which could accelerate translation of these findings to clinical studies.
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An update on the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulating gene-6 in inflammatory diseases. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:224-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bogdani M, Simeonovic C, Nagy N, Johnson PY, Chan CK, Wight TN. Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Pancreatic Islets and Lymphoid Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:695-717. [PMID: 34626417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the detection of the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissues. The identification of hyaluronan in tissues is achieved by utilizing a highly specific hyaluronan binding protein (HABP) probe that interacts with hyaluronan in tissue sections. The HABP probe is prepared by enzymatic digestion of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan which is present in bovine nasal cartilage and is then biotinylated in the presence of bound hyaluronan and the link protein. Hyaluronan is then removed by gel filtration chromatography. The biotinylated HABP-link protein complex is applied to tissue sections, and binding of the complex to tissue hyaluronan is visualized by enzymatic precipitation of chromogenic substrates.To determine hyaluronan content in tissues, tissues are first proteolytically digested to release hyaluronan from the macromolecular complexes that this molecule forms with other extracellular matrix constituents. Digested tissue is then incubated with HABP . The hyaluronan-HABP complexes are extracted, and the hyaluronan concentration in the tissue is determined using an ELISA-like assay.Historically, heparan sulfate was identified in tissue sections using the cationic dye Alcian blue and histochemistry based on the critical electrolyte concentration principle of differential staining of glycosaminoglycans using salt solutions. For both human and mouse pancreas sections, the current optimal method for detecting heparan sulfate is by indirect immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-heparan sulfate monoclonal antibody. A peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody is then applied, and its binding to the anti-heparan sulfate antibody is visualized by oxidation and precipitation of a chromogenic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charmaine Simeonovic
- Diabetes/Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Garantziotis S. Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107993. [PMID: 34587477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an active participant, modulator and mediator of the cell, tissue, organ and organismal response to injury. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan, an abundant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, in many fundamental biological processes underpinning homeostasis and disease development. From this basis, emerging studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of strategies which target hyaluronan synthesis, biology and signaling, with significant promise as therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. This review summarizes the state of the art in this field and discusses challenges and opportunities in what could emerge as a new class of therapeutic agents, that we term "matrix biologics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Gebe JA, Gooden MD, Workman G, Nagy N, Bollyky PL, Wight TN, Vernon RB. Modulation of hyaluronan synthases and involvement of T cell-derived hyaluronan in autoimmune responses to transplanted islets. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 9:100052. [PMID: 33718858 PMCID: PMC7930869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in human and mouse islets during the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). HA plays a critical role in T1D pathogenesis, as spontaneous disease is blocked in mice fed the HA synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU). The present study demonstrates the involvement of HA in T cell-mediated autoimmune responses to transplanted islets and in in vivo and in vitro T cell activation. Scaffolded islet implants (SIs) loaded with RIP-mOVA mouse islets expressing chicken ovalbumin (OVA) on their β cells were grafted into T and B cell-deficient RIP-mOVA mice, which subsequently received CD4+ T cells from DO11.10 transgenic mice bearing OVA peptide-specific T cell receptors (TcRs), followed by injection of OVA peptide to induce an immune response to the OVA-expressing islets. By affinity histochemistry (AHC), HA was greatly increased in grafted islets with T cell infiltrates (compared to islets grafted into mice lacking T cells) and a portion of this HA co-localized with the infiltrating T cells. Transferred T cells underwent HA synthase (HAS) isoform switching – T cells isolated from the SI grafts strongly upregulated HAS1 and HAS2 mRNAs and downregulated HAS3 mRNA, in contrast to T cells from graft-draining mesenteric lymph nodes, which expressed HAS3 mRNA only. Expression of HAS1 and HAS2 proteins by T cells in SI infiltrates was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). DO11.10 mice fed 4MU had suppressed in vivo T cell immune priming (measured as a reduced recall response to OVA peptide) compared to T cells from control mice fed a normal diet. In co-cultures of naïve DO11.10 T cells and OVA peptide-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs), pre-exposure of the T cells (but not pre-exposure of APCs) to 4MU inhibited early T cell activation (CD69 expression). In addition, T cells exposed to 4MU during activation in vitro with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies had inhibited phosphorylation of the CD3ζ subunit of the TcR, a very early event in TcR signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that T cell-derived HA plays a significant role in T cell immune responses, and that expression of T cell HAS isoforms changes in a locale-specific manner during in vivo priming and functional phases of the T cell response. T cell infiltration of transplanted islets resulted in increased HA in the islets. Some of the HA in T cell-infiltrated islets was directly associated with T cells. T cells from SIs vs. MLNs differentially expressed mRNA for HAS isoforms 1–3. 4MU suppressed T cell activation and increased the proportion of Tregs in vivo. Exposure of T cells to 4MU inhibited their activation by APCs or mAbs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Gebe
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michel D. Gooden
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Workman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert B. Vernon
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Lord MS, Melrose J, Day AJ, Whitelock JM. The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:907-927. [PMID: 32639183 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420940067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix & Glycobiology, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Fang Z, Chen H, Teng W, Qiu P, Yu X, Luo C, Zhu Y, You Y, Fu Q, Ji J, Wang B, Yao K. Systemic Transplantation of Eyelid Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Antifibrotic Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Wenqi Teng
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Peijin Qiu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Chenqi Luo
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Yongsheng You
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
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12
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Rowley JE, Rubenstein GE, Manuel SL, Johnson NL, Surgnier J, Kapitsinou PP, Duncan FE, Pritchard MT. Tissue-specific Fixation Methods Are Required for Optimal In Situ Visualization of Hyaluronan in the Ovary, Kidney, and Liver. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:75-91. [PMID: 31714169 PMCID: PMC6931168 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419884879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix. The spatial-temporal localization of HA can be visualized in situ using biotinylated HA binding proteins (HABPs). This assay is sensitive to fixation conditions, and there are currently no best practices for HA detection. Thus, the goal of this study was to optimize fixation conditions for visualizing HA in the ovary, kidney, and liver through analysis of six commonly used fixatives for HA detection: Bouin's Solution, Carnoy's Solution, Ethanol-Formalin-Glacial Acetic Acid (EFG), Histochoice, Modified Davidson's Solution, and 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin. Organs were harvested from CB6F1 mice and fixed with one of the identified fixatives. Fixed organs were sectioned, and the HABP assay was performed on sections in parallel. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was also performed to visualize tissue architecture. HABP signal localization and intensity varied between fixatives. EFG and Carnoy's Solution best preserved the HA signal intensity in the ovary and liver, showing HA localization in various sub-organ structures. In the kidney, only Modified Davidson's Solution was less than optimal. Our findings demonstrate that fixation can alter the ability to detect HA in tissue macro- and microstructures, as well as localization in a tissue-specific manner, in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Rowley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Gillian E. Rubenstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Sharrόn L. Manuel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Natalie L. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and
Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jordan Surgnier
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and
Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas
City, Kansas
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Michele T. Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and
Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical
Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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13
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Nagy N, Sunkari VG, Kaber G, Hasbun S, Lam DN, Speake C, Sanda S, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Long SR, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan levels are increased systemically in human type 2 but not type 1 diabetes independently of glycemic control. Matrix Biol 2019; 80:46-58. [PMID: 30196101 PMCID: PMC6401354 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, is implicated in the pathogenesis of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has been postulated to be increased in these diseases due to hyperglycemia. We have examined the serum and tissue distribution of HA in human subjects with T1D and T2D and in mouse models of these diseases and evaluated the relationship between HA levels and glycemic control. We found that serum HA levels are increased in T2D but not T1D independently of hemoglobin-A1c, C-peptide, body mass index, or time since diabetes diagnosis. HA is likewise increased in skeletal muscle in T2D subjects relative to non-diabetic controls. Analogous increases in serum and muscle HA are seen in diabetic db/db mice (T2D), but not in diabetic DORmO mice (T1D). Diabetes induced by the β-cell toxin streptozotozin (STZ) lead to an increase in blood glucose but not to an increase in serum HA. These data indicate that HA levels are increased in multiple tissue compartments in T2D but not T1D independently of glycemic control. Given that T2D but not T1D is associated with systemic inflammation, these patterns are consistent with inflammatory factors and not hyperglycemia driving increased HA. Serum HA may have value as a biomarker of systemic inflammation in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Vivekananda G. Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Sonia Hasbun
- Department of Cardiology, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, 3600 NW Samaritan Dr, Corvallis, OR, 97330
| | - Dung N. Lam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | - Srinath Sanda
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Tracey L. McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine – Endocrinology, Endocrine Clinic, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | - Steven R. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lane 235, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
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14
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Nagy N, Gurevich I, Kuipers HF, Ruppert SM, Marshall PL, Xie BJ, Sun W, Malkovskiy AV, Rajadas J, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Frymoyer AR, Kaber G, Bollyky PL. 4-Methylumbelliferyl glucuronide contributes to hyaluronan synthesis inhibition. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7864-7877. [PMID: 30914479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) inhibits hyaluronan (HA) synthesis and is an approved drug used for managing biliary spasm. However, rapid and efficient glucuronidation is thought to limit its utility for systemically inhibiting HA synthesis. In particular, 4-MU in mice has a short half-life, causing most of the drug to be present as the metabolite 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG), which makes it remarkable that 4-MU is effective at all. We report here that 4-MUG contributes to HA synthesis inhibition. We observed that oral administration of 4-MUG to mice inhibits HA synthesis, promotes FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell expansion, and prevents autoimmune diabetes. Mice fed either 4-MUG or 4-MU had equivalent 4-MU:4-MUG ratios in serum, liver, and pancreas, indicating that 4-MU and 4-MUG reach an equilibrium in these tissues. LC-tandem MS experiments revealed that 4-MUG is hydrolyzed to 4-MU in serum, thereby greatly increasing the effective bioavailability of 4-MU. Moreover, using intravital 2-photon microscopy, we found that 4-MUG (a nonfluorescent molecule) undergoes conversion into 4-MU (a fluorescent molecule) and that 4-MU is extensively tissue bound in the liver, fat, muscle, and pancreas of treated mice. 4-MUG also suppressed HA synthesis independently of its conversion into 4-MU and without depletion of the HA precursor UDP-glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Together, these results indicate that 4-MUG both directly and indirectly inhibits HA synthesis and that the effective bioavailability of 4-MU is higher than previously thought. These findings greatly alter the experimental and therapeutic possibilities for HA synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305,
| | - Irina Gurevich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Shannon M Ruppert
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Payton L Marshall
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Bryan J Xie
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and
| | - Adam R Frymoyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Gernot Kaber
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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15
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Hyaluronic acid enhances cell survival of encapsulated insulin-producing cells in alginate-based microcapsules. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:192-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Medina CO, Nagy N, Bollyky PL. Extracellular matrix and the maintenance and loss of peripheral immune tolerance in autoimmune insulitis. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:22-30. [PMID: 30248522 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to both the maintenance of immune tolerance in healthy tissues and to its loss at sites of autoimmunity. Here, we review recent literature on the role of ECM and particularly the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in the development of autoimmune, type 1 diabetes (T1D). Data from transplant models suggest that healthy islets are embedded within an intact ECM that supports beta-cell homeostasis and provides physical and immunoregulatory barriers against immune infiltration. However, studies of human insulitis as well as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) and DORmO mouse models of T1D indicate that autoimmune insulitis is associated with the degradation of basement membrane structures, the catabolism of the islet interstitium, and the accumulation of a hyaluronan-rich, pro-inflammatory ECM. Moreover, in these models of autoimmune diabetes, either the pharmacologic inhibition of heparan sulfate catabolism, the reduction of hyaluronan synthesis, or the targeting of the pathways that sense these ECM changes can all prevent beta-cell destruction. Together these data support an emerging paradigm that in healthy islets the local ECM contributes to both immune tolerance and beta-cell homeostasis while in chronic inflammation the islet ECM is permissive to immune infiltration and beta-cell destruction. Therapies that support ECM-mediated 'barrier tolerance' may have potential as adjunctive agents in combination regimens designed to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Medina
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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17
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Rios de la Rosa JM, Tirella A, Tirelli N. Receptor-Targeted Drug Delivery and the (Many) Problems We Know of: The Case of CD44 and Hyaluronic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio M. Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Genova 16163 Italy
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18
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Nagy N, Kuipers HF, Marshall PL, Wang E, Kaber G, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan in immune dysregulation and autoimmune diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:292-313. [PMID: 29625181 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tissue microenvironment contributes to local immunity and to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases - a diverse set of conditions characterized by sterile inflammation, immunity against self-antigens, and destruction of tissues. However, the specific factors within the tissue microenvironment that contribute to local immune dysregulation in autoimmunity are poorly understood. One particular tissue component implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases is hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix (ECM) polymer. HA is abundant in settings of chronic inflammation and contributes to lymphocyte activation, polarization, and migration. Here, we first describe what is known about the size, amount, and distribution of HA at sites of autoimmunity and in associated lymphoid structures in type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Next, we examine the recent literature on HA and its impact on adaptive immunity, particularly in regards to the biology of lymphocytes and Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg), a T-cell subset that maintains immune tolerance in healthy individuals. We propose that HA accumulation at sites of chronic inflammation creates a permissive environment for autoimmunity, characterized by CD44-mediated inhibition of Treg expansion. Finally, we address potential tools and strategies for targeting HA and its receptor CD44 in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Esther Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Day AJ, Milner CM. TSG-6: A multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:60-83. [PMID: 29362135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated secreted protein that has been implicated as having important and diverse tissue protective and anti-inflammatory properties, e.g. mediating many of the immunomodulatory and beneficial activities of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. TSG-6 is constitutively expressed in some tissues, which are either highly metabolically active or subject to challenges from the environment, perhaps providing protection in these contexts. The diversity of its functions are dependent on the binding of TSG-6 to numerous ligands, including matrix molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, as well as immune regulators and growth factors that themselves interact with these linear polysaccharides. It is becoming apparent that TSG-6 can directly affect matrix structure and modulate the way extracellular signalling molecules interact with matrix. In this review, we focus mainly on the literature for TSG-6 over the last 10 years, summarizing its expression, structure, ligand-binding properties, biological functions and highlighting TSG-6's potential as a therapeutic for a broad range of disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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20
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Abstract
Versican is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix that is important for changes in cell phenotype associated with development and disease. Versican has been shown to be involved in cardiovascular disorders, as well as lung disease and fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and several other diseases that have an inflammatory component. Versican was first identified as a fibroblast proteoglycan and forms large multimolecular complexes with hyaluronan and other components of the provisional matrix during wound healing and inflammation. The biology of versican has been well studied. Versican plays a major role in embryogenesis, particularly heart formation, where versican deletion proves lethal. The ability to purify versican to characterize and to use in experimental systems is vital to defining its role in development and disease. Protein expression systems have proven challenging to obtain milligram quantities of full-length versican. Here, we describe proteoglycan biochemical purification techniques that have been developed by others, but which we have adapted to use with our source tissues and cells. We also include methods for immunohistochemical localization and quantitation of versican in tissue sections.
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21
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Hari A, Cruz SA, Qin Z, Couture P, Vilmundarson RO, Huang H, Stewart AFR, Chen HH. IRF2BP2-deficient microglia block the anxiolytic effect of enhanced postnatal care. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9836. [PMID: 28852125 PMCID: PMC5575313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced postnatal care (EPC) increases resilience to adversity in adulthood. Since microglia participate in shaping neural circuits, we asked how ablation of an inflammation-suppressing factor IRF2BP2 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Binding Protein 2) in microglia would affect the responses to EPC. Mice lacking IRF2BP2 in microglia (KO) and littermate controls (WT) were subjected to EPC during the first 3 weeks after birth. EPC reduced anxiety in WT but not KO mice. This was associated with reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in the hypothalamus. Whole genome RNAseq profiling of the hypothalamus identified 101 genes whose expression was altered by EPC: 95 in WT, 11 in KO, with 5 in common that changed in opposite directions. Proteoglycan 4 (Prg4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) and extracellular matrix protease inhibitor Itih2 were suppressed by EPC in WT but elevated in KO mice. On the other hand, the glutamate transporter VGLUT1 (Slc17a7) was increased by EPC in WT but not KO mice. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is known to enhance microglial inflammation and promote Gfap expression. ELISA confirmed reduced PGD2 in the hypothalamus of WT mice after EPC, associated with reduced Gfap expression. Our study suggests that the anxiety-reducing effect of EPC operates by suppressing microglial inflammation, likely by reducing neuronal prostaglandin D2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Hari
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Zhaohong Qin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Hua Huang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. .,University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Canada. .,Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, Canada. .,University of Ottawa, Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Ottawa, Canada.
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22
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Kuipers HF, Nagy N, Ruppert SM, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Gebe JA, Ishak HD, Keswani SG, Bollyky J, Frymoyer AR, Wight TN, Steinman L, Bollyky PL. The pharmacokinetics and dosing of oral 4-methylumbelliferone for inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 185:372-81. [PMID: 27218304 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been considerable interest in using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) to inhibit hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in mouse models of cancer, autoimmunity and a variety of other inflammatory disorders where HA has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. In order to facilitate future studies in this area, we have examined the dosing, treatment route, treatment duration and metabolism of 4-MU in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Mice fed chow containing 5% 4-MU, a dose calculated to deliver 250 mg/mouse/day, initially lose substantial weight but typically resume normal weight gain after 1 week. It also takes up to a week to see a reduction in serum HA in these animals, indicating that at least a 1-week loading period on the drug is required for most protocols. At steady state, more than 90% of the drug is present in plasma as the glucuronidated metabolite 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG), with the sulphated metabolite, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate (4-MUS) comprising most of the remainder. Chow containing 5% but not 0·65% 4-MU was effective at preventing disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis, as well as in the DORmO mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. While oral 4-MU was effective at preventing EAE, daily intraperitoneal injections of 4-MU were not. Factors potentially affecting 4-MU uptake and plasma concentrations in mice include its taste, short half-life and low bioavailability. These studies provide a practical resource for implementing oral 4-MU treatment protocols in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Nagy
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - J A Gebe
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - S G Keswani
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - T N Wight
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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23
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Hogan MF, Liu AW, Peters MJ, Willard JR, Rabbani Z, Bartholomew EC, Ottley A, Hull RL. Markers of Islet Endothelial Dysfunction Occur in Male B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J Mice and May Contribute to Reduced Insulin Release. Endocrinology 2017; 158:293-303. [PMID: 27870582 PMCID: PMC5413084 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Islet endothelial cells produce paracrine factors that support β-cell function and growth. Endothelial dysfunction underlies diabetic microvascular complications; thus, we hypothesized that in diabetes, islet endothelial cells become dysfunctional, which may contribute to β-cell secretory dysfunction. Islets/islet endothelial cells were isolated from diabetic B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J male (db/db) mice, treated with or without the glucose-lowering agent phlorizin, or from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks and appropriate controls. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and/or the protein levels of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin (Sele), proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (Il6), vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (Edn1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3; Nos3) were evaluated, along with advanced glycation end product immunoreactivity. Furthermore, an islet endothelial cell line (MS-1) was exposed to diabetic factors (glucose, palmitate, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor-α) for six days. Conditioned media were collected from these cells, incubated with isolated islets, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content were assessed. Islet endothelial cells from db/db mice exhibited increased Sele, Il6, and Edn1 mRNA levels, decreased Nos3 protein, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products. Phlorizin treatment significantly increased Nos3 protein levels but did not alter expression of the other markers. High-fat feeding in C57BL/6J mice resulted in increased islet Sele, Il6, and Edn1 but no change in Nos3. Exposure of islets to conditioned media from MS-1 cells cultured in diabetic conditions resulted in a 50% decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and 30% decrease in insulin content. These findings demonstrate that, in diabetes, islet endothelial cells show evidence of a dysfunctional phenotype, which may contribute to loss of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amy W Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Peters
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshua R Willard
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zaheen Rabbani
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Adam Ottley
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bogdani M. Thinking Outside the Cell: A Key Role for Hyaluronan in the Pathogenesis of Human Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2105-14. [PMID: 27456615 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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25
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Coulson-Thomas VJ, Lauer ME, Soleman S, Zhao C, Hascall VC, Day AJ, Fawcett JW. Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Is Constitutively Expressed in Adult Central Nervous System (CNS) and Associated with Astrocyte-mediated Glial Scar Formation following Spinal Cord Injury. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19939-52. [PMID: 27435674 PMCID: PMC5025681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) binds to hyaluronan and can reorganize/stabilize its structure, also enhancing the binding of this glycosaminoglycan to its cell surface receptor, CD44. TSG-6 is rapidly up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines protecting tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation. Despite TSG-6 treatment having been shown to improve outcomes in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury, TSG-6 expression has not been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS). We hereby analyzed the expression profile of TSG-6 in the developing CNS and following injury. We show that TSG-6 is expressed in the rat CNS by GFAP(+) and CD44(+) astrocytes, solely in the mature brain and spinal cord, and is not present during the development of the CNS. TSG-6(-/-) mice present a reduced number of GFAP(+) astrocytes when compared with the littermate TSG-6(+/-) mice. TSG-6 expression is drastically up-regulated after injury, and the TSG-6 protein is present within the glial scar, potentially coordinating and stabilizing the formation of this hyaluronan-rich matrix. This study shows that TSG-6 is expressed in the CNS, suggesting a role for TSG-6 in astrocyte activation and tissue repair. We hypothesize that within this context TSG-6 could participate in the formation of the glial scar and confer anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of targeting TSG-6 after CNS injury to promote its protective effects while reducing the inhibitory properties of the glial scar in axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Sara Soleman
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - James W Fawcett
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
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26
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Bottini M, Magrini A, Fadeel B, Rosato N. Tackling chondrocyte hypertrophy with multifunctional nanoparticles. Gene Ther 2016; 23:560-4. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Šedová L, Pravenec M, Křenová D, Kazdová L, Zídek V, Krupková M, Liška F, Křen V, Šeda O. Isolation of a Genomic Region Affecting Most Components of Metabolic Syndrome in a Chromosome-16 Congenic Rat Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152708. [PMID: 27031336 PMCID: PMC4816345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent human disease with substantial genomic and environmental components. Previous studies indicate the presence of significant genetic determinants of several features of metabolic syndrome on rat chromosome 16 (RNO16) and the syntenic regions of human genome. We derived the SHR.BN16 congenic strain by introgression of a limited RNO16 region from the Brown Norway congenic strain (BN-Lx) into the genomic background of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain. We compared the morphometric, metabolic, and hemodynamic profiles of adult male SHR and SHR.BN16 rats. We also compared in silico the DNA sequences for the differential segment in the BN-Lx and SHR parental strains. SHR.BN16 congenic rats had significantly lower weight, decreased concentrations of total triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance compared with SHR rats. The concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids, and adiponectin were comparable between the two strains. SHR.BN16 rats had significantly lower systolic (18-28 mmHg difference) and diastolic (10-15 mmHg difference) blood pressure throughout the experiment (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001). The differential segment spans approximately 22 Mb of the telomeric part of the short arm of RNO16. The in silico analyses revealed over 1200 DNA variants between the BN-Lx and SHR genomes in the SHR.BN16 differential segment, 44 of which lead to missense mutations, and only eight of which (in Asb14, Il17rd, Itih1, Syt15, Ercc6, RGD1564958, Tmem161a, and Gatad2a genes) are predicted to be damaging to the protein product. Furthermore, a number of genes within the RNO16 differential segment associated with metabolic syndrome components in human studies showed polymorphisms between SHR and BN-Lx (including Lpl, Nrg3, Pbx4, Cilp2, and Stab1). Our novel congenic rat model demonstrates that a limited genomic region on RNO16 in the SHR significantly affects many of the features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomíra Křenová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Zídek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krupková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Bottini M, Bhattacharya K, Fadeel B, Magrini A, Bottini N, Rosato N. Nanodrugs to target articular cartilage: An emerging platform for osteoarthritis therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:255-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Hull RL, Bogdani M, Nagy N, Johnson PY, Wight TN. Hyaluronan: A Mediator of Islet Dysfunction and Destruction in Diabetes? J Histochem Cytochem 2015. [PMID: 26216136 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415576542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component that is present in mouse and human islet ECM. HA is localized in peri-islet and intra-islet regions adjacent to microvessels. HA normally exists in a high molecular weight form, which is anti-inflammatory. However, under inflammatory conditions, HA is degraded into fragments that are proinflammatory. HA accumulates in islets of human subjects with recent onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), and is associated with myeloid and lymphocytic islet infiltration, suggesting a possible role for HA in insulitis. A similar accumulation of HA, in amount and location, occurs in non-obese diabetic (NOD) and DORmO mouse models of T1D. Furthermore, HA accumulates in follicular germinal centers and in T-cell areas in lymph nodes and spleen in both human and mouse models of T1D, as compared with control tissues. Whether HA accumulates in islets in type 2 diabetes (T2D) or models thereof has not been previously described. Here we show evidence that HA accumulates in a mouse model of islet amyloid deposition, a well-known component of islet pathology in T2D. In summary, islet HA accumulation is a feature of both T1D and a model of T2D, and may represent a novel inflammatory mediator of islet pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington (RLH)
| | - Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington (MB, NN, PYJ, TNW)
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington (MB, NN, PYJ, TNW)
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington (MB, NN, PYJ, TNW)
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (TNW)
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30
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Johnson PY, Gebe JA, Preisinger A, Falk BA, Sunkari VG, Gooden MD, Vernon RB, Bogdani M, Kuipers HF, Day AJ, Campbell DJ, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis restores immune tolerance during autoimmune insulitis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125. [PMID: 26368307 PMCID: PMC4607113 DOI: 10.1172/jci79271–0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that abundant deposits of the extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) are characteristic of autoimmune insulitis in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the relevance of these deposits to disease was unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that HA is critical for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Using the DO11.10xRIPmOVA mouse model of T1D, we determined that HA deposits are temporally and anatomically associated with the development of insulitis. Moreover, treatment with an inhibitor of HA synthesis, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), halted progression to diabetes even after the onset of insulitis. Similar effects were seen in the NOD mouse model, and in these mice, 1 week of treatment was sufficient to prevent subsequent diabetes. 4-MU reduced HA accumulation, constrained effector T cells to nondestructive insulitis, and increased numbers of intraislet FOXP3+ Tregs. Consistent with the observed effects of 4-MU treatment, Treg differentiation was inhibited by HA and anti-CD44 antibodies and rescued by 4-MU in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. These data may explain how peripheral immune tolerance is impaired in tissues under autoimmune attack, including islets in T1D. We propose that 4-MU, already an approved drug used to treat biliary spasm, could be repurposed to prevent, and possibly treat, T1D in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pamela Y. Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John A. Gebe
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anton Preisinger
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivekananda G. Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michel D. Gooden
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert B. Vernon
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hedwich F. Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anthony J. Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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31
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Johnson PY, Gebe JA, Preisinger A, Falk BA, Sunkari VG, Gooden MD, Vernon RB, Bogdani M, Kuipers HF, Day AJ, Campbell DJ, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis restores immune tolerance during autoimmune insulitis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3928-40. [PMID: 26368307 DOI: 10.1172/jci79271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that abundant deposits of the extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) are characteristic of autoimmune insulitis in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the relevance of these deposits to disease was unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that HA is critical for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Using the DO11.10xRIPmOVA mouse model of T1D, we determined that HA deposits are temporally and anatomically associated with the development of insulitis. Moreover, treatment with an inhibitor of HA synthesis, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), halted progression to diabetes even after the onset of insulitis. Similar effects were seen in the NOD mouse model, and in these mice, 1 week of treatment was sufficient to prevent subsequent diabetes. 4-MU reduced HA accumulation, constrained effector T cells to nondestructive insulitis, and increased numbers of intraislet FOXP3+ Tregs. Consistent with the observed effects of 4-MU treatment, Treg differentiation was inhibited by HA and anti-CD44 antibodies and rescued by 4-MU in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. These data may explain how peripheral immune tolerance is impaired in tissues under autoimmune attack, including islets in T1D. We propose that 4-MU, already an approved drug used to treat biliary spasm, could be repurposed to prevent, and possibly treat, T1D in at-risk individuals.
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32
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the proteome of the pancreatic juice after pancreatectomy. METHODS Pancreatic juice samples were obtained during surgery and the postoperative period. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry-based protein quantification technology and compared with published data of the nonoperated pancreas. Subgroup analyses were done in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in smokers. RESULTS Five hundred eighteen proteins were identified in the postoperative pancreatic juice, encompassing all of the main organ functions. Sixty-seven of these were also present in the published data of the nonoperated pancreas and 7 of these had significant variation of concentration after surgery. Growth factors that have been described in postsurgical regeneration of the liver were not found to be overexpressed, whereas clusterin did, confirming the finding of previous experimental studies on pancreatic regeneration. Several proteins involved in immunomodulation and organ functions were differently expressed, depending on PDAC, neoadjuvant therapy, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS The proteome of the pancreas after surgical resection contains factors related to all main organ functions, changes over time, and is different in patients with PDAC receiving neoadjuvant therapy and in smokers. The pancreas reacts to the surgical trauma by producing proteins that protect the organ and stimulate the restoration of its function.
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Nagy N, Kuipers HF, Frymoyer AR, Ishak HD, Bollyky JB, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. 4-methylumbelliferone treatment and hyaluronan inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 25852691 PMCID: PMC4369655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix at many sites of chronic inflammation, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis, and numerous malignancies. Recent publications have demonstrated that when HA synthesis is inhibited using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), beneficial effects are observed in several animal models of these diseases. Notably, 4-MU is an already approved drug in Europe and Asia called "hymecromone" where it is used to treat biliary spasm. However, there is uncertainty regarding how 4-MU treatment provides benefit in these animal models and the potential long-term consequences of HA inhibition. Here, we review what is known about how HA contributes to immune dysregulation and tumor progression. Then, we review what is known about 4-MU and hymecromone in terms of mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Finally, we review recent studies detailing the use of 4-MU to treat animal models of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Adam R Frymoyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Heather D Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Jennifer B Bollyky
- Department of Pediatrics and Systems Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
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34
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Bogdani M, Simeonovic C, Nagy N, Johnson PY, Chan CK, Wight TN. The detection of glycosaminoglycans in pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1229:413-30. [PMID: 25325969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1714-3_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the detection of the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissues. The identification of hyaluronan in tissues is achieved by utilizing a highly specific hyaluronan binding protein (HABP) probe that interacts with hyaluronan in tissue sections. The HABP probe is prepared by enzymatic digestion of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan which is present in bovine nasal cartilage, and is then biotinylated in the presence of bound hyaluronan and the link protein. Hyaluronan is then removed by gel filtration chromatography. The biotinylated HABP-link protein complex is applied to tissue sections and binding of the complex to tissue hyaluronan is visualized by enzymatic precipitation of chromogenic substrates. To determine hyaluronan content in tissues, tissues are first proteolytically digested to release hyaluronan from the macromolecular complexes that this molecule forms with other extracellular matrix constituents. Digested tissue is then incubated with HABP. The hyaluronan-HABP complexes are extracted and the hyaluronan concentration in the tissue is determined using an ELISA-like assay. Heparan sulfate is identified in mouse tissues by Alcian blue histochemistry and indirect immunohistochemistry. In human tissues, heparan sulfate is best detected by indirect immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-heparan sulfate monoclonal antibody. A biotinylated secondary antibody is then applied in conjunction with streptavidin-peroxidase and its binding to the anti-heparan sulfate antibody is visualized by enzymatic precipitation of chromogenic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
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35
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Bogdani M, Johnson PY, Potter-Perigo S, Nagy N, Day AJ, Bollyky PL, Wight TN. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-binding proteins accumulate in both human type 1 diabetic islets and lymphoid tissues and associate with inflammatory cells in insulitis. Diabetes 2014; 63:2727-43. [PMID: 24677718 PMCID: PMC4113060 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that is present in pancreatic islets, but little is known about its involvement in the development of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have evaluated whether pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissues of T1D and nondiabetic organ donors differ in the amount and distribution of HA and HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins), such as inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), versican, and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6). HA was dramatically increased both within the islet and outside the islet endocrine cells, juxtaposed to islet microvessels in T1D. In addition, HA was prominent surrounding immune cells in areas of insulitis. IαI and versican were present in HA-rich areas of islets, and both molecules accumulated in diabetic islets and regions exhibiting insulitis. TSG-6 was observed within the islet endocrine cells and in inflammatory infiltrates. These patterns were only observed in tissues from younger donors with disease duration of <10 years. Furthermore, HA and IαI amassed in follicular germinal centers and in T-cell areas in lymph nodes and spleens in T1D patients compared with control subjects. Our observations highlight potential roles for HA and hyaladherins in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Nadine Nagy
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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36
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Bollyky PL, Bogdani M, Bollyky JB, Hull RL, Wight TN. The role of hyaluronan and the extracellular matrix in islet inflammation and immune regulation. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12:471-80. [PMID: 22810951 PMCID: PMC3432646 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease that in most individuals results from autoimmune attack of a single tissue type, the pancreatic islet. A fundamental, unanswered question in T1D pathogenesis is how the islet tissue environment influences immune regulation. This crosstalk is likely to be communicated through the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we review what is known about the ECM in insulitis and examine how the tissue environment is synchronized with immune regulation. In particular, we focus on the role of hyaluronan (HA) and its interactions with Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg). We propose that HA is a "keystone molecule" in the inflammatory milieu and that HA, together with its associated binding proteins and receptors, is an appropriate point of entry for investigations into how ECM influences immune regulation in the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Bollyky
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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