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Wei X, Sun Z, Wang N, Deng Z, Li W, Ying T, Wu M, Liu Y, He G. Immunometabolic profiling related with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study of CD4 + T cell phenotypes and glycemic traits. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02338-6. [PMID: 39147954 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate immunometabolic associations of CD4+ T cell phenotypes with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted comprising 53 pairs of GDM patients and matched controls within a prospective cohort. Metabolomic signatures related to both CD4+ T cell phenotypes and glycemic traits among pregnant women were investigated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models were used to explore the associations of CD4+ T cell phenotypes and selected metabolites with GDM. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of selected metabolites on the relationship between CD4+ T cell phenotypes and glycemic traits. RESULTS Higher levels of Treg cells (OR per SD increment (95%CI): 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), p = 0.031) and increased expression of Foxp3 (OR per SD increment (95%CI): 0.59 (0.35, 0.97), p = 0.039) and GATA3 (OR per SD increment (95%CI): 0.42 (0.25, 0.72), p = 0.002) were correlated with a decreased risk of GDM. Plasma pyruvaldehyde, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), bergapten, and 9-fluorenone mediated the association between Tregs and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), with mediation proportions of 46.9%, 39.6%, 52.4%, and 56.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells and Foxp3 expressions were inversely associated with GDM risk, with potential metabolic mechanisms involving metabolites such as pyruvaldehyde and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wei
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zequn Deng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Ying
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lin Y, Wang S, Li Z, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Chen Y. Short-Term Statin Therapy Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through HNF4α/PAQR9/PPM1α Axis Regulated AKT Phosphorylation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403451. [PMID: 38970167 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Statins, the first-line medication for dyslipidemia, are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. But exactly how statins cause diabetes is yet unknown. In this study, a developed short-term statin therapy on hyperlipidemia mice show that hepatic insulin resistance is a cause of statin-induced diabetes. Statin medication raises the expression of progesterone and adiponectin receptor 9 (PAQR9) in liver, which inhibits insulin signaling through degradation of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 (PPM1α) to activate ERK pathway. STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1) is found to mediate ubiquitination of PPM1α promoted by PAQR9. On the other hand, decreased activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) seems to be the cause of PAQR9 expression under statin therapy. The interventions on PAQR9, including deletion of PAQR9, caloric restriction and HNF4α activation, are all effective treatments for statin-induced diabetes, while liver specific over-expression of PPM1α is another possible tactic. The results reveal the importance of HNF4α-PAQR9-STUB1-PPM1α axis in controlling the statin-induced hepatic insulin resistance, offering a fresh insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Lin
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361016, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361016, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361016, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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3
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Pragati, Sarkar S. Reinstated Activity of Human Tau-induced Enhanced Insulin Signaling Restricts Disease Pathogenesis by Regulating the Functioning of Kinases/Phosphatases and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Drosophila. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:982-1001. [PMID: 37674037 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia, and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), etc. are characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation and distinguished accumulation of paired helical filaments (PHFs)/or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in a specific-neuronal subset of the brain. Among different reported risk factors, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has gained attention due to its correlation with tau pathogenesis. However, mechanistic details and the precise contribution of insulin pathway in tau etiology is still debatable. We demonstrate that expression of human tau causes overactivation of insulin pathway in Drosophila disease models. We subsequently noted that tissue-specific downregulation of insulin signaling or even exclusive reduction of its growth-promoting sub-branch effectively reinstates the overactivated insulin signaling pathway in human tau expressing cells, which in turn restricts pathogenic tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregate formation. It was further noted that restored tau phosphorylation was achieved due to a reestablished balance between the levels of different kinase(s) (GSK3β and ERK/P38 MAP kinase) and phosphatase (PP2A). Taken together, our study demonstrates a precise involvement of the insulin pathway and associated molecular events in the pathogenesis of human tauopathies in Drosophila, which will be immensely helpful in developing novel therapeutic options against these devastating human brain disorders. Moreover, our study reveals an interesting link between tau etiology and aberrant insulin signaling, which is a characteristic feature of Type 2 Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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4
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Kotian NP, Prabhu A, Tender T, Raghu Chandrashekar H. Methylglyoxal Induced Modifications to Stabilize Therapeutic Proteins: A Review. Protein J 2024; 43:39-47. [PMID: 38017314 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are potent, fast-acting drugs that are highly effective in treating various conditions. Medicinal protein usage has increased in the past 10 years, and it will evolve further as we better understand disease molecular pathways. However, it is associated with high processing costs, limited stability, difficulty in being administered as an oral medication, and the inability of large proteins to penetrate tissue and reach their target locations. Many methods have been developed to overcome the problems with the stability and chaperone activity of therapeutic proteins, viz., the addition of external agents (changing the properties of the surrounding solvent by using stabilizing excipients, e.g., amino acids, sugars, polyols) and internal agents (chemical modifications that influence its structural properties, e.g., mutations, glycosylation). However, these methods must completely clear protein instability and chaperone issues. There is still much work to be done on finetuning chaperone proteins to increase their biological efficacy and stability. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a potent dicarbonyl compound, reacts with proteins and forms covalent cross-links. Much research on MGO scavengers has been conducted since they are known to alter protein structure, which may result in alterations in biological activity and stability. MGO is naturally produced within our body, however, its impact on chaperones and protein stability needs to be better understood and seems to vary based on concentration. This review highlights the efforts of several research groups on the effect of MGO on various proteins. It also addresses the impact of MGO on a client protein, α-crystallin, to understand the potential solutions to the protein's chaperone and stability problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nainika Prashant Kotian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anusha Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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5
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Trammell CE, Rowe EH, Char AB, Jones BJ, Fawcett S, Ahlers LRH, Goodman AG. Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0111223. [PMID: 37796127 PMCID: PMC10617537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from D. melanogaster into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identify potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity E. Trammell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Evelyn H. Rowe
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aditya B. Char
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Brianne J. Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen Fawcett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laura R. H. Ahlers
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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6
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Pham T, Dollet L, Ali MS, Raun SH, Møller LL, Jafari A, Ditzel N, Andersen NR, Fritzen AM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Kiens B, Suomalainen A, Simpson SJ, Salling Olsen M, Kieser A, Schjerling P, Nieminen AI, Richter EA, Havula E, Sylow L. TNIK is a conserved regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7119. [PMID: 37556547 PMCID: PMC10411879 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing health challenges with unmet treatment needs. Traf2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) is a recently identified obesity- and T2D-associated gene with unknown functions. We show that TNIK governs lipid and glucose homeostasis in Drosophila and mice. Loss of the Drosophila ortholog of TNIK, misshapen, altered the metabolite profiles and impaired de novo lipogenesis in high sugar-fed larvae. Tnik knockout mice exhibited hyperlocomotor activity and were protected against diet-induced fat expansion, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. The improved lipid profile of Tnik knockout mice was accompanied by enhanced skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose and lipid handling. Using the T2D Knowledge Portal and the UK Biobank, we observed associations of TNIK variants with blood glucose, HbA1c, body mass index, body fat percentage, and feeding behavior. These results define an untapped paradigm of TNIK-controlled glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Phung Pham
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Dollet
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona S. Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H. Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L. V. Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Biomedical Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Fritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Salling Olsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Building 9312, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnd Kieser
- Helmholtz Centre Munich–German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni I. Nieminen
- FIMM Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Essi Havula
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Lv H, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhen C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Lou C, Guo H, Wei Y. Exposure to a static magnetic field attenuates hepatic damage and function abnormality in obese and diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166719. [PMID: 37116230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs) exhibit significant effect on health care. However, the effect of SMF on hepatic metabolism and function in obesity and diabetes are still unknown. Liver is not only the main site for glucolipid metabolism but also the core part for iron metabolism regulation. Dysregulations of iron metabolism and redox status are risk factors for the development of hepatic injury and affect glucolipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Mice of HFD-induced obesity and HFD/streptozocin-induced diabetes were exposed to a moderate-intensity SMF (0.4-0.7 T, direction: upward, 4 h/day, 8 weeks). Results showed that SMF attenuated hepatic damage by decreasing inflammation and fibrosis in obese and diabetic mice. SMF had no effects on improving glucose/insulin tolerance but regulated proteins (GLUT1 and GLUT4) and genes (G6pc, Pdk4, Gys2 and Pkl) participating in glucose metabolism with phosphorylation of Akt/AMPK/GSK3β. SMF also reduced lipid droplets accumulation through decreasing Plin2 and Plin5 and regulated lipid metabolism with elevated hepatic expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα in obese mice. In addition, SMF decreased hepatic iron deposition with lower FTH1 expression and modulated systematic iron homeostasis via BMP6-mediated regulation of hepcidin. Moreover, SMF balanced hepatic redox status with regulation on mitochondrial function and MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Finally, we found that SMF activated hepatic autophagy and enhanced lipophagy by upregulating PNPLA2 expression in obese and diabetic mice. Our results demonstrated that SMF significantly ameliorated the development of hepatic injury in obese and diabetic mice by inhibiting inflammatory level, improving glycolipid metabolism, regulating iron metabolism, balancing redox level and activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yijia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuetong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenge Lou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Li H, Yu Z, Niu Z, Cheng Y, Wei Z, Cai Y, Ma F, Hu L, Zhu J, Zhang W. A neuroprotective role of Ufmylation through Atg9 in the aging brain of Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:129. [PMID: 37086384 PMCID: PMC11073442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Ufmylation is a recently identified small ubiquitin-like modification, whose biological function and relevant cellular targets are poorly understood. Here we present evidence of a neuroprotective role for Ufmylation involving Autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9) during Drosophila aging. The Ufm1 system ensures the health of aged neurons via Atg9 by coordinating autophagy and mTORC1, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activity. Neuron-specific expression of Atg9 suppresses the age-associated movement defect and lethality caused by loss of Ufmylation. Furthermore, Atg9 is identified as a conserved target of Ufm1 conjugation mediated by Ddrgk1, a critical regulator of Ufmylation. Mammalian Ddrgk1 was shown to be indispensable for the stability of endogenous Atg9A protein in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Taken together, our findings might have important implications for neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hosptial of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Torson AS, Bowman S, Doucet D, Roe AD, Sinclair BJ. Molecular signatures of diapause in the Asian longhorned beetle: Gene expression. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100054. [PMID: 37033896 PMCID: PMC10074507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies on gene expression during insect diapause do not address among-tissue variation in physiological processes. We measured transcriptomic changes during larval diapause in the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We conducted RNA-seq on fat body, the supraesophageal ganglion, midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules during pre-diapause, diapause maintenance, post-diapause quiescence, and post-diapause development. We observed a small, but consistent, proportion of genes within each gene expression profile that were shared among tissues, lending support for a core set of diapause-associated genes whose expression is tissue-independent. We evaluated the overarching hypotheses that diapause would be associated with cell cycle arrest, developmental arrest, and increased stress tolerance and found evidence of repressed TOR and insulin signaling, reduced cell cycle activity and increased capacity of stress response via heat shock protein expression and remodeling of the cytoskeleton. However, these processes varied among tissues, with the brain and fat body appearing to maintain higher levels of cellular activity during diapause than the midgut or Malpighian tubules. We also observed temperature-dependent changes in gene expression during diapause maintenance, particularly in genes related to the heat shock response and MAPK, insulin, and TOR signaling pathways. Additionally, we provide evidence for epigenetic reorganization during the diapause/post-diapause quiescence transition and expression of genes involved in post-translational modification, highlighting the need for investigations of the protein activity of these candidate genes and processes. We conclude that diapause development is coordinated via diverse tissue-specific gene expression profiles and that canonical diapause phenotypes vary among tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Torson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102, United States
| | - Susan Bowman
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Doucet
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Amanda D. Roe
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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10
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Mo H, Yu H, Li Y, Ezeorba TPC, Zhang Z, Yao M, Yu J, Xiong D, Liu H, Wang L. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:155-167. [PMID: 36547499 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) plays an important role in mammals' food intake and energy homeostasis. However, its physiological role in bony fishes, such as grass carp, has not been well understood. This study reports the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of grass carp melanocortin-3-receptor (ciMC3R). Phylogenetic and chromosomal synteny analyses indicated that ciMC3R was closest to cyprinid fishes in evolution. Quantitative PCR experiments revealed that the mRNA of ciMC3R was highly expressed in the brain of grass carp. The cytological function of ciMC3R was investigated by the co-transfection of pcDNA3.1-ciMC3R and the signal-pathway-specific luciferase into the HEK293T cells. Results revealed that the four agonists, α-MSH, β-MSH, ACTH, and NDP-MSH, potentiate the activation of ciMC3R and further increase the production of cAMP and upregulate the MAPK/ERK signaling, respectively. Our study will provide basic data for exploring the physiological functions of grass carp MC3R, especially in energy homeostasis and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Timothy P C Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Ihe Nsukka, Nsukka, 41001, Nigeria
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxin Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Trammell CE, Rowe EH, Jones BJ, Char AB, Fawcett S, Ahlers LR, Goodman AG. Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524426. [PMID: 36712090 PMCID: PMC9882177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus in the United States with approximately 2,000 cases each year. There are currently no approved human vaccines and a lack of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Understanding host responses to infection may reveal potential intervention targets to reduce virus replication and disease progression. The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to understand innate immunity and host antiviral responses is well established. Previous studies revealed that insulin-mediated signaling regulates WNV infection in invertebrates by regulating canonical antiviral pathways. Because insulin signaling is well-conserved across insect and mammalian species, we sought to determine if results using D. melanogaster can be extrapolated for the analysis of orthologous pathways in humans. Here, we identify insulin-mediated endothelin signaling using the D. melanogaster model and evaluate an orthologous pathway in human cells during WNV infection. We demonstrate that endothelin signaling reduces WNV replication through the activation of canonical antiviral signaling. Taken together, our findings show that endothelin-mediated antiviral immunity is broadly conserved across species and reduces replication of viruses that can cause severe human disease. IMPORTANCE Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from D. melanogaster into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identifies potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity E. Trammell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Evelyn H. Rowe
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Brianne J. Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Aditya B. Char
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Stephen Fawcett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Laura R.H. Ahlers
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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12
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Yuan C, Cai Y, Niu Z, Hu L, Kuang E, Zhang W. Potential of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a dietary protein source for broilers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac290. [PMID: 36056742 PMCID: PMC9667966 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to systematically assess and compare the fluctuations in crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and mineral content of staged (larva to adult) Drosophila (fruit fly) to that of a market-purchased black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) product. Results suggested that the relative CP content by dry matter ranged from 40.11% to 53.73% during Drosophila development, significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the 36.90% in BSFL. The relative CF was higher in BSFL (39.14%) compared to that of Drosophila (27.03-30.10%, P < 0.001). Although both insects contained sufficient levels of minerals to meet the dietary requirements of most animals, Drosophila overall possessed a lower content of iron, sodium, and calcium (P < 0.001) with a higher gross energy than the BSFL (P < 0.01). Comparative studies of amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles were further carried out among Drosophila larva (DL), pupa, and BSFL for their economic effectiveness. The AA spectra of insect larvae generally were similar except that the DL was higher in certain AA such as lysine (P < 0.01), which is an essential AA often critical for chicken growth. In contrast, the BSFL included more essential FA such as linoleic (C18:2, ω-6) and linolenic (C18:3, ω-3) acids (P < 0.01). To follow up, a husbandry trial was performed by allotting 120, 1-d-old, weight-matched, Arbor Acres broilers at random into treatment groups consisting of a low-protein diet background that contained ~20% CP supplemented with 4% BSFL and 4% or 8% DL. The average daily growth (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers, compared to the control low-protein diet, were significantly improved by feeding DL diets (P < 0.01), with better live and carcass weight and higher muscle pH (P < 0.001), which were positively correlated with the inclusion level of DL (P < 0.001). However, no differences between the control and 4% BSFL diet were observed for the performance parameters mentioned above. Moreover, all birds under our experimental setting exhibited a comparable feed conversion ratio (FCR) and were in a healthy status as indicated by the meat traits and hematological indexes within normal physiological ranges. Collectively, the findings in this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploitation of Drosophila as potential dietary ingredients for feed production in order to meet the food challenge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohai Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ershuai Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Lai SWT, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Zoukari T, Ki P, Shuck SC. Methylglyoxal and Its Adducts: Induction, Repair, and Association with Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1720-1746. [PMID: 36197742 PMCID: PMC9580021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is an essential part of life that provides energy for cell growth. During metabolic flux, reactive electrophiles are produced that covalently modify macromolecules, leading to detrimental cellular effects. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an abundant electrophile formed from lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism at intracellular levels of 1-4 μM. MG covalently modifies DNA, RNA, and protein, forming advanced glycation end products (MG-AGEs). MG and MG-AGEs are associated with the onset and progression of many pathologies including diabetes, cancer, and liver and kidney disease. Regulating MG and MG-AGEs is a potential strategy to prevent disease, and they may also have utility as biomarkers to predict disease risk, onset, and progression. Here, we review recent advances and knowledge surrounding MG, including its production and elimination, mechanisms of MG-AGEs formation, the physiological impact of MG and MG-AGEs in disease onset and progression, and the latter in the context of its receptor RAGE. We also discuss methods for measuring MG and MG-AGEs and their clinical application as prognostic biomarkers to allow for early detection and intervention prior to disease onset. Finally, we consider relevant clinical applications and current therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MG, MG-AGEs, and RAGE to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Tala Zoukari
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Priscilla Ki
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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14
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Dong Y, Liu J, Ma J, Quan J, Bao Y, Cui Y. The possible correlation between serum GRB2 levels and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:963191. [PMID: 36176460 PMCID: PMC9513061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.963191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2(GRB2), a bridging protein. An animal study showed that downregulation of GRB2 inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-kB pathway which improved lipid accumulation and inflammatory infiltration in rats with atherosclerosis (AS), resulting in an anti-AS effect. This was the first study to investigate blood GRB2 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), exploring its relationship with various metabolic indicators, and further, examining whether GRB2 has an AS effect in patients with T2DM. Methods A total of 203 participants were recruited in the study, including 69 T2DM patients without CAS (T2DM group), 67 T2DM patients with CAS (CAS group), and 67 in the age-sex-matched healthy subjects (Control group). Serum GRB2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 203 subjects who had received carotid ultrasonography. In addition, cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also tested. The correlation between serum GRB2 levels and other indexes was analyzed. Finally, we analyzed the risk factors affecting carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2DM patients. Results Serum GRB2 levels were increased in the T2DM group than in the control group, and further elevated in the CAS group (median 3.05 vs 4.40 vs 7.09 ng/ml, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that GRB2 concentrations were negatively correlated with HDL-C, and positively associated with duration of diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), TC, HBA1c, FPG, FINS, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), Hs-CRP, IL-6 and CIMT (P<0.01). Furthermore, serum GRB2 levels (P<0.001) remained independently related to CIMT after adjusting for the age, sex, duration of diabetes, and Body Mass Index (BMI) variables. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that IL-6, HDL-C, HBA1c, and CIMT are independent correlation factors of serum GRB2 (P<0.01). Univariate logistic regression suggested that disease duration, WHR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), TG, HDL-C, HBA1c, FPG, HOMA-IR, IL-6, Hs-CRP, and GRB2 independently associated with T2DM is combined with CAS(P<0.05). And multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes, IL-6, and serum GRB2 levels were independent risk factors for T2DM combined with CAS (P<0.05), and serum GRB2 levels were a highly sensitive indicator of early AS (OR=1.405, 95% CI: 1.192-1.658 P<0.001). Moreover, the ROC curve AUC area of serum GRB2 expression levels was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.7291-0.8613, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 83.58% and specificity of 70.59%. The risk of CAS was substantially higher in patients with T2DM whose serum GRB2 concentration was >4.59 ng/ml. Conclusions Serum GRB2 concentrations were significantly increased in T2DM combined with CAS, and serum GRB2 levels were linearly correlated with CIMT, suggesting that GRB2 may be involved in the occurrence and development of T2DM with CAS, which can be used as a predictor of whether T2DM is combined with CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Dong
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Bao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Cui
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Silva RCMC, Vasconcelos LR, Travassos LH. The different facets of heme-oxygenase 1 in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:609-631. [PMID: 36018440 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are responsible for the main oxidative step in heme degradation, generating equimolar amounts of free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced as a crucial stress response protein, playing protective roles in physiologic and pathological conditions, due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms behind HO-1-mediated protection are being explored by different studies, affecting cell fate through multiple ways, such as reduction in intracellular levels of heme and ROS, transcriptional regulation, and through its byproducts generation. In this review we focus on the interplay between HO-1 and immune-related signaling pathways, which culminate in the activation of transcription factors important in immune responses and inflammation. We also discuss the dual interaction of HO-1 and inflammatory mediators that govern resolution and tissue damage. We highlight the dichotomy of HO-1 in innate and adaptive immune cells development and activation in different disease contexts. Finally, we address different known anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that are now being described to modulate HO-1, and the possible contribution of HO-1 in their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcelos
- Cellular Signaling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Mecchia A, Palumbo C, De Luca A, Sbardella D, Boccaccini A, Rossi L, Parravano M, Varano M, Caccuri AM. High glucose induces an early and transient cytoprotective autophagy in retinal Müller cells. Endocrine 2022; 77:221-230. [PMID: 35612691 PMCID: PMC9325829 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the autophagic response of rat Müller rMC-1 cells during a short-term high glucose challenge. METHODS rMC-1 cells were maintained in 5 mM glucose (LG) or exposed to 25 mM glucose (HG). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression levels of markers of autophagy (LC3-II, p62) and glial activation (AQP4), as well as the activation of TRAF2/JNK, ERK and AKT pathways. Autophagic flux assessment was performed using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. ERK involvement in autophagy induction was addressed using the ERK inhibitor FR180204. The effect of autophagy inhibition on cell viability was evaluated by SRB assay. RESULTS Activation of autophagy was observed in the first 2-6 h of HG exposure. This early autophagic response was transient, not accompanied by an increase in AQP4 or in the phospho-activation of JNK, a key mediator of cellular response to oxidative stress, and required ERK activity. Cells exposed to HG had a lower viability upon autophagy inhibition by chloroquine, as compared to those maintained in LG. CONCLUSION A short-term HG challenge triggers in rMC-1 cells a process improving the ability to cope with stressful conditions, which involves ERK and an early and transient autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mecchia
- IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - C Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - L Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - M Varano
- IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Caccuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- The NAST Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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17
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An Association between Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration in Zebrafish Larval Model ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158290. [PMID: 35955446 PMCID: PMC9368350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has recently been identified as a mediator of neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. We aimed to investigate insulin resistance associated with neurodegenerative events in zebrafish larvae. Methods: Larvae aged 72 h-post-fertilization (hpf) were induced to insulin resistance by immersion in 250 nM insulin and were then reinduced with 100 nM insulin at 96 hpf. This model was validated by a glucose levels assay, qPCR analysis of selected genes (akt, pepck, zglut3 and claudin-5a) and Oil Red-O (ORO) staining of the yolk sac for lipid distribution. The association of insulin resistance and neurodegeneration was validated by malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) assays, and by integrating next-generation sequencing with database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Results: There was a significant increase in glucose levels at 180 min in the insulin-resistant group. However, it decreased at 400 min after the re-challenge. Insulin-signaling mediators, akt and pepck, were showed significantly downregulated up to 400 min after insulin immersion (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, claudin-5a assessed blood−brain barrier (BBB) integrity and showed significant deterioration after 400 min of post-insulin immersion. ORO staining remarked the increase in yolk sac size in the insulin-resistant group. After the confirmation of insulin resistance, MDA levels increased significantly in the insulin-resistant group compared to the control group in the following parameters. Furthermore, dysregulated MAPK- and Wnt/Ca2+-signaling pathways were observed in the insulin-resistant group, disrupting energy metabolism and causing BBB injury. Conclusions: We conclude that the insulin-resistant zebrafish larvae alter the metabolic physiology associated with neurodegeneration.
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18
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Merrill CB, Montgomery AB, Pabon MA, Shabalin AA, Rodan AR, Rothenfluh A. Harnessing changes in open chromatin determined by ATAC-seq to generate insulin-responsive reporter constructs. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:399. [PMID: 35614386 PMCID: PMC9134605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene regulation is critical for proper cellular function. Next-generation sequencing technology has revealed the presence of regulatory networks that regulate gene expression and essential cellular functions. Studies investigating the epigenome have begun to uncover the complex mechanisms regulating transcription. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) is quickly becoming the assay of choice for many epigenomic investigations. However, whether intervention-mediated changes in accessible chromatin determined by ATAC-seq can be harnessed to generate intervention-inducible reporter constructs has not been systematically assayed. RESULTS We used the insulin signaling pathway as a model to investigate chromatin regions and gene expression changes using ATAC- and RNA-seq in insulin-treated Drosophila S2 cells. We found correlations between ATAC- and RNA-seq data, especially when stratifying differentially-accessible chromatin regions by annotated feature type. In particular, our data demonstrated a weak but significant correlation between chromatin regions annotated to enhancers (1-2 kb from the transcription start site) and downstream gene expression. We cloned candidate enhancer regions upstream of luciferase and demonstrate insulin-inducibility of several of these reporters. CONCLUSIONS Insulin-induced chromatin accessibility determined by ATAC-seq reveals enhancer regions that drive insulin-inducible reporter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin B Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Austin B Montgomery
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Miguel A Pabon
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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19
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Jang D, Lee E, Lee S, Kwon Y, Kang KS, Kim CE, Kim D. System-level investigation of anti-obesity effects and the potential pathways of Cordyceps militaris in ovariectomized rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35550138 PMCID: PMC9102749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps species have been used as tonics to enhance energy, stamina, and libido in traditional Asian medicine for more than 1600 years, indicating their potential for improving reproductive hormone disorders and energy metabolic diseases. Among Cordyceps, Cordyceps militaris has been reported to prevent metabolic syndromes including obesity and benefit the reproductive hormone system, suggesting that Cordyceps militaris can also regulate obesity induced by the menopause. We investigated the effectiveness of Cordyceps militaris extraction (CME) on menopausal obesity and its mechanisms. METHODS We applied an approach combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. Ovariectomized rats were administrated CME, and their body weight, area of adipocytes, liver and uterus weight, and lipid levels were measured. Next, after the exposure of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to CME, cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were measured. Finally, network pharmacological methods were applied to predict the anti-obesity mechanisms of CME. RESULTS CME prevented overweight, fat accumulation, liver hypertrophy, and lowered triglyceride levels, some of which were improved in a dose-dependent manner. In MCF-7 cell lines, CME showed not only estrogen receptor agonistic activity through an increase in cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors, but also phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and p38. In the network pharmacological analysis, bioactive compounds of CME such as cordycepin, adenine, and guanosine were predicted to interact with non-overlapping genes. The targeted genes were related to the insulin signaling pathway, insulin resistance, the MARK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CME has anti-obesity effects in menopause and estrogenic agonistic activity. Compounds in CME have the potential to regulate obesity-related and menopause-related pathways. This study will contribute to developing the understanding of anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Yongsam Kwon
- Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Yongin, 17073 Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
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20
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Bhushan R, Rani A, Gupta D, Ali A, Dubey PK. MicroRNA-7 regulates insulin signaling pathway by targeting IRS1, IRS2, and RAF1 genes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Microrna 2022; 11:57-72. [PMID: 35422233 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220413100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small non-coding micro RNAs (miRNAs) are indicated in various metabolic processes and play a critical role in disease pathology, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes in placental tissue (PL), cord blood (CB), and maternal blood (MB) of matched non-glucose tolerant (NGT) and GDM mother. METHODS In a case-control study, micro-RNA was quantified from forty-five serum (MB n = 15, CB n = 15, and PL n = 15) and matched placental tissue using stem-loop RT-qPCR followed by target prediction, network construction and functional and pathways enrichment analysis. Further, target genes were verified in-vitro through transfection and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Five miRNAs, namely hsa-let 7a-5P, hsa-miR7-5P, hsa-miR9-5P, hsa-miR18a-5P, and hsa-miR23a-3P were significantly over-expressed (p < 0.05) in all three samples namely PL, CB, and MB of GDM patients. However, the sample-wise comparison reveals higher expression of miRNA 7 in MB while lowest in CB than control. Furthermore, a comparison of fold change expression of target genes discloses a lower expression of IRS1, IRS2, and RAF1 in MB while comparatively higher expression of NRAS in MB and CB. In-vitro validation reveals lower expression of IRS1/2 and RAF1 in response to overexpression of miR-7 and vice-versa. Thus it is evident that increased miRNA7 expression causes down-regulation of its target genes IRS1, IRS2, and RAF1 in GDM mother compared to control. Further, target prediction, pathway enrichment, and hormone analysis (significantly higher FSH & LH in MB of GDM compared to NGT) revealed the insulin signaling, inflammatory and GnRH signaling as major pathways regulated by miRNA7. CONCLUSIONS Thus, an elevated level of miRNA7 may be associated with the progression of GDM by altering the multiple pathways like insulin, GnRH, and inflammatory signaling pathways via targeting IRS1, IRS2, and RAF1, implicating a new therapeutic target for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Rani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ashirwad Hospital, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Havula E, Ghazanfar S, Lamichane N, Francis D, Hasygar K, Liu Y, Alton LA, Johnstone J, Needham EJ, Pulpitel T, Clark T, Niranjan HN, Shang V, Tong V, Jiwnani N, Audia G, Alves AN, Sylow L, Mirth C, Neely GG, Yang J, Hietakangas V, Simpson SJ, Senior AM. Genetic variation of macronutrient tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1637. [PMID: 35347148 PMCID: PMC8960806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are essential nutrients to all animals; however, closely related species, populations, and individuals can display dramatic variation in diet. Here we explore the variation in macronutrient tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster using the Drosophila genetic reference panel, a collection of ~200 strains derived from a single natural population. Our study demonstrates that D. melanogaster, often considered a "dietary generalist", displays marked genetic variation in survival on different diets, notably on high-sugar diet. Our genetic analysis and functional validation identify several regulators of macronutrient tolerance, including CG10960/GLUT8, Pkn and Eip75B. We also demonstrate a role for the JNK pathway in sugar tolerance and de novo lipogenesis. Finally, we report a role for tailless, a conserved orphan nuclear hormone receptor, in regulating sugar metabolism via insulin-like peptide secretion and sugar-responsive CCHamide-2 expression. Our study provides support for the use of nutrigenomics in the development of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Havula
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - S Ghazanfar
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Lamichane
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Francis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - K Hasygar
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L A Alton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - J Johnstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - E J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - T Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - T Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - H N Niranjan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - V Shang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - V Tong
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - N Jiwnani
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - G Audia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A N Alves
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - L Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - G G Neely
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - J Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - V Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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22
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Hutfilz C. Endocrine Regulation of Lifespan in Insect Diapause. Front Physiol 2022; 13:825057. [PMID: 35242054 PMCID: PMC8886022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.825057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a physiological adaptation to conditions that are unfavorable for growth or reproduction. During diapause, animals become long-lived, stress-resistant, developmentally static, and non-reproductive, in the case of diapausing adults. Diapause has been observed at all developmental stages in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In adults, diapause traits weaken into adaptations such as hibernation, estivation, dormancy, or torpor, which represent evolutionarily diverse versions of the traditional diapause traits. These traits are regulated through modifications of the endocrine program guiding development. In insects, this typically includes changes in molting hormones, as well as metabolic signals that limit growth while skewing the organism's energetic demands toward conservation. While much work has been done to characterize these modifications, the interactions between hormones and their downstream consequences are incompletely understood. The current state of diapause endocrinology is reviewed here to highlight the relevance of diapause beyond its use as a model to study seasonality and development. Specifically, insect diapause is an emerging model to study mechanisms that determine lifespan. The induction of diapause represents a dramatic change in the normal progression of age. Hormones such as juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and prothoracicotropic hormone are well-known to modulate this plasticity. The induction of diapause-and by extension, the cessation of normal aging-is coordinated by interactions between these pathways. However, research directly connecting diapause endocrinology to the biology of aging is lacking. This review explores connections between diapause and aging through the perspective of endocrine signaling. The current state of research in both fields suggests appreciable overlap that will greatly contribute to our understanding of diapause and lifespan determination.
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23
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Viglietta M, Bellone R, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB. Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773211. [PMID: 34956136 PMCID: PMC8696169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat to global health with more than 2.5 million annual deaths. Mosquitoes and ticks are the main vectors of arboviruses including flaviviruses, which greatly affect humans. However, all tick or mosquito species are not able to transmit all viruses, suggesting important molecular mechanisms regulating viral infection, dissemination, and transmission by vectors. Despite the large distribution of arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) and arboviruses, only a few pairings of arthropods (family, genus, and population) and viruses (family, genus, and genotype) successfully transmit. Here, we review the factors that might limit pathogen transmission: internal (vector genetics, immune responses, microbiome including insect-specific viruses, and coinfections) and external, either biotic (adult and larvae nutrition) or abiotic (temperature, chemicals, and altitude). This review will demonstrate the dynamic nature and complexity of virus–vector interactions to help in designing appropriate practices in surveillance and prevention to reduce VBD threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Viglietta
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Bellone
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Albert Blisnick
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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24
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Li T, Cao HX, Ke D. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Easily Develops into Alzheimer's Disease via Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1165-1171. [PMID: 34874485 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the acceleration of population aging, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressively increasing due to the age-relatedness of these two diseases. The association between T2DM and AD-like dementia is receiving much attention, and T2DM is reported to be a significant risk factor for AD. The aims of this review were to reveal the brain changes caused by T2DM as well as to explore the roles of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Xia Cao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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25
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Liguori F, Mascolo E, Vernì F. The Genetics of Diabetes: What We Can Learn from Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011295. [PMID: 34681954 PMCID: PMC8541427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and/or action. All diabetes types have a strong genetic component. The most frequent forms, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are multifactorial syndromes associated with several genes’ effects together with environmental factors. Conversely, rare forms, neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), are caused by mutations in single genes. Large scale genome screenings led to the identification of hundreds of putative causative genes for multigenic diabetes, but all the loci identified so far explain only a small proportion of heritability. Nevertheless, several recent studies allowed not only the identification of some genes as causative, but also as putative targets of new drugs. Although monogenic forms of diabetes are the most suited to perform a precision approach and allow an accurate diagnosis, at least 80% of all monogenic cases remain still undiagnosed. The knowledge acquired so far addresses the future work towards a study more focused on the identification of diabetes causal variants; this aim will be reached only by combining expertise from different areas. In this perspective, model organism research is crucial. This review traces an overview of the genetics of diabetes and mainly focuses on Drosophila as a model system, describing how flies can contribute to diabetes knowledge advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Li H, Bai F, Cong C, Chen B, Xie W, Li S, Liu Q, Chen C, Wu Y. Effects of ligustrazine on the expression of neurotransmitters in the trigeminal ganglion of a rat migraine model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1318. [PMID: 34532455 PMCID: PMC8422085 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases which has been treated by active substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as ligustrazine, an extract of the Chinese herb Chuanxiong. However, the pathogenesis of migraine and the curative mechanisms of ligustrazine have remained unclear. The genes P2X3, TRPV1, ERK, and c-fos have been implicated to play a role. In this work, we attempted to elucidate the analgesic mechanism of ligustrazine using a classic migraine-representative rat model. Methods The migraine rat model was established by administration of nitroglycerin (NTG). Ligustrazine treatment was administered by intravenous injection. The animal's behavior was continuously recorded, and then trigeminal ganglions (TGs) were isolated. Total RNA was extracted from cells and total protein was extracted from TG. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses were used to detect the levels of P2X3, TRPV1, c-Fos, and ERK in TG. Results Ligustrazine could reduce the neurological activities of NTG-induced migraine rats. The rats TG nerve showed varying degrees of expression of P2X3, TRPV1, c-Fos and ERK expression element. Ligustrazine could inhibit over-expression of P2X3, TRPV1, c-fos, and ERK in the TG nerve of NTG-induced migraine rats. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that ligustrazine had potent activity against NTG-induced migraine rats through inhibition of the c-fos/ERK signaling pathway. This work may provide a comprehensive basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of migraine and the curative mechanisms of ligustrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghui Bai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Cong Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baotian Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Sim AY, Barua S, Kim JY, Lee YH, Lee JE. Role of DPP-4 and SGLT2 Inhibitors Connected to Alzheimer Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:708547. [PMID: 34489627 PMCID: PMC8417940 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.708547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Additionally, abnormal extracellular amyloid plaques accumulation and nerve damage caused by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and tau protein are characteristic of AD. Furthermore, AD is associated with oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial structure and function, denormalization, and inflammatory responses. Recently, besides the amyloid β hypothesis, another hypothesis linking AD to systemic diseases has been put forth by multiple studies as a probable cause for AD. Particularly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its features, including hyperinsulinemia, and chronic hyperglycemia with an inflammatory response, have been shown to be closely related to AD through insulin resistance. The brain cannot synthesize or store glucose, but it does require glucose, and the use of glucose in the brain is higher than that in any other organ in the mammalian body. One of the therapeutic drugs for T2DM, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, suppresses the degradation of incretins, glucagon-like peptides and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, recently used in T2DM treatment, have a unique mechanism of action via inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption, and which is different from the mechanisms of previously used medications. This manuscript reviews the pathophysiological relationship between the two diseases, AD and T2DM, and the pharmacological effects of therapeutic T2DM drugs, especially DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Glial glucose fuels the neuronal pentose phosphate pathway for long-term memory. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109620. [PMID: 34433052 PMCID: PMC8411112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function relies almost solely on glucose as an energy substrate. The main model of brain metabolism proposes that glucose is taken up and converted into lactate by astrocytes to fuel the energy-demanding neuronal activity underlying plasticity and memory. Whether direct neuronal glucose uptake is required for memory formation remains elusive. We uncover, in Drosophila, a mechanism of glucose shuttling to neurons from cortex glia, an exclusively perisomatic glial subtype, upon formation of olfactory long-term memory (LTM). In vivo imaging reveals that, downstream of cholinergic activation of cortex glia, autocrine insulin signaling increases glucose concentration in glia. Glucose is then transferred from glia to the neuronal somata in the olfactory memory center to fuel the pentose phosphate pathway and allow LTM formation. In contrast, our results indicate that the increase in neuronal glucose metabolism, although crucial for LTM formation, is not routed to glycolysis. Neuronal glucose metabolism is increased upon long-term memory formation Glial cells shuttle glucose to neurons following insulin signaling activation Glucose fuels the neuronal pentose phosphate pathway
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29
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Sun X, Ji G, Li P, Li W, Li J, Zhu L. miR-344-5p Modulates Cholesterol-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction Through Regulating Caveolin-1 Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:695164. [PMID: 34394002 PMCID: PMC8355992 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder induced by the modulation of insulin on glucose metabolism, and the dysfunction and decreased number of islets β-cells are the main causes of T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). Among multiple factors that might participate in T2DM pathogenesis, the critical roles of miRNAs in T2DM and β-cell dysfunction have been reported. Through bioinformatics analyses and literature review, we found that miR-344 might play a role in the occurrence and progression of diabetes in rats. The expression levels of miR-344-5p were dramatically decreased within cholesterol-stimulated and palmitic acid (PA)-induced rats' islet β-cells. In cholesterol-stimulated and PA-induced diabetic β-cell model, cholesterol-caused and PA-caused suppression on cell viability, increase in intracellular cholesterol level, decrease in GSIS, and increase in lip droplet deposition were dramatically attenuated via the overexpression of miR-344-5p, whereas aggravated via the inhibition of miR-344-5p. miR-344-5p also inhibited cholesterol-induced β-cell death via affecting the apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling. Insulin receptor downstream MPAK/ERK signaling was involved in the protection of miR-344-5p against cholesterol-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Moreover, miR-344-5p directly targeted Cav1; Cav1 silencing could partially reverse the functions of miR-344-5p inhibition upon cholesterol-induced β-cell dysfunction, β-cell apoptosis, the apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling, and insulin receptor downstream MPAK/ERK signaling. In conclusion, the miR-344-5p/Cav1 axis modulates cholesterol-induced β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. The apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling and MAPK/ERK signaling might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Huang S, Wang J, Men H, Tan Y, Lin Q, Gozal E, Zheng Y, Cai L. Cardiac metallothionein overexpression rescues diabetic cardiomyopathy in Akt2-knockout mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6828-6840. [PMID: 34053181 PMCID: PMC8278119 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To efficiently prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have explored and confirmed that metallothionein (MT) prevents DCM by attenuating oxidative stress, and increasing expression of proteins associated with glucose metabolism. To determine whether Akt2 expression is critical to MT prevention of DCM, mice with either global Akt2 gene deletion (Akt2-KO), or cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing MT gene (MT-TG) or both combined (MT-TG/Akt2-KO) were used. Akt2-KO mice exhibited symptoms of DCM (cardiac remodelling and dysfunction), and reduced expression of glycogen and glucose metabolism-related proteins, despite an increase in total Akt (t-Akt) phosphorylation. Cardiac MT overexpression in MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice prevented DCM and restored glucose metabolism-related proteins expression and baseline t-Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the heart of MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice, compared with Akt2-KO mice. As ERK1/2 has been implicated in the regulation of glucose transport and metabolism this increase could potentially underlie MT protective effect in MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice. Therefore, these results show that although our previous work has shown that MT preserving Akt2 activity is sufficient to prevent DCM, in the absence of Akt2 MT may stimulate alternative or downstream pathways protecting from DCM in a type 2 model of diabetes, and that this protection may be associated with the ERK activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiqun Wang
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongbo Men
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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Lee J, Ng KGL, Dombek KM, Eom DS, Kwon YV. Tumors overcome the action of the wasting factor ImpL2 by locally elevating Wnt/Wingless. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020120118. [PMID: 34078667 PMCID: PMC8201939 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors often secrete wasting factors associated with atrophy and the degeneration of host tissues. If tumors were to be affected by the wasting factors, mechanisms allowing tumors to evade the adverse effects of the wasting factors must exist, and impairing such mechanisms may attenuate tumors. We use Drosophila midgut tumor models to show that tumors up-regulate Wingless (Wg) to oppose the growth-impeding effects caused by the wasting factor, ImpL2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein [IGFBP]-related protein). Growth of Yorkie (Yki)-induced tumors is dependent on Wg while either elimination of ImpL2 or elevation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in tumors revokes this dependency. Notably, Wg augmentation could be a general mechanism for supporting the growth of tumors with elevated ImpL2 and exploited to attenuate muscle degeneration during wasting. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which tumors negate the action of ImpL2 to uphold their growth during cachexia-like wasting and implies that targeting the Wnt/Wg pathway might be an efficient treatment strategy for cancers with elevated IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Katelyn G-L Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kenneth M Dombek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Dae Seok Eom
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Young V Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
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Sciambra N, Chtarbanova S. The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050958. [PMID: 33946849 PMCID: PMC8145649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Insulin/Insulin Growth Factor/Target of Rapamycin (IIS/TOR) on immune function with aging. Additionally, we review the effects that factors such as sexual dimorphism, environmental stress, and cellular physiology exert on age-dependent immunity in Drosophila. We discuss potential tradeoffs between heightened immune function and longevity in the absence of infection, and we provide detailed tables outlining the various assays and pathogens used in the cited studies, as well as the age, sex, and strains of Drosophila used. We also discuss the overlapping effects these pathways and mechanisms have on one another. We highlight the great utility of Drosophila as a model organism and the importance of a greater focus on age-dependent antiviral immunity for future studies.
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Karamzad N, Eftekhari A, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, Sullman MJM, Sahebkar A, Safiri S. Serum Hepcidin, the Hepcidin/Ferritin Ratio and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1224-1233. [PMID: 32031063 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200207120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a meta-analysis on the relationship type 2 diabetes has with serum hepcidin and the hepcidin/ferritin ratio. METHODS The following databases were searched using all relevant keywords: Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar. All studies that examined the relationship type 2 diabetes has with serum hepcidin or the hepcidin/ferritin ratio were included in this meta-analysis and systematic review provided, were published in English between 2011 and 2018. A random-effects model was used to pool the standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS The SMD of serum hepcidin among patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls were compared across eight studies (n cases=878; n controls=2306). The pooled SMD of serum hepcidin did not differ significantly between study groups (SMD: 0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to 0.35). In contrast, the serum hepcidin/ferritin ratio was examined across five studies (n cases=229; n controls=1426) and was found to be negatively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (SMD: -0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.85 to -0.19). There was no publication bias found for the associations serum hepcidin (Egger´s test: P =0.97) or the hepcidin/ferritin ratio (Egger´s test: P =0.75) had with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Although hepcidin has been proposed as a risk marker for type 2 diabetes, our metaanalysis found that the hepcidin/ferritin ratio was superior to hepcidin alone as a risk marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Karamzad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ahad Ashrafi-Asgarabad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hasygar K, Deniz O, Liu Y, Gullmets J, Hynynen R, Ruhanen H, Kokki K, Käkelä R, Hietakangas V. Coordinated control of adiposity and growth by anti-anabolic kinase ERK7. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e49602. [PMID: 33369866 PMCID: PMC7857433 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy storage and growth are coordinated in response to nutrient status of animals. How nutrient-regulated signaling pathways control these processes in vivo remains insufficiently understood. Here, we establish an atypical MAP kinase, ERK7, as an inhibitor of adiposity and growth in Drosophila. ERK7 mutant larvae display elevated triacylglycerol (TAG) stores and accelerated growth rate, while overexpressed ERK7 is sufficient to inhibit lipid storage and growth. ERK7 expression is elevated upon fasting and ERK7 mutant larvae display impaired survival during nutrient deprivation. ERK7 acts in the fat body, the insect counterpart of liver and adipose tissue, where it controls the subcellular localization of chromatin-binding protein PWP1, a growth-promoting downstream effector of mTOR. PWP1 maintains the expression of sugarbabe, encoding a lipogenic Gli-similar family transcription factor. Both PWP1 and Sugarbabe are necessary for the increased growth and adiposity phenotypes of ERK7 loss-of-function animals. In conclusion, ERK7 is an anti-anabolic kinase that inhibits lipid storage and growth while promoting survival on fasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Hasygar
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Onur Deniz
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ying Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Josef Gullmets
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riikka Hynynen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID)Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter FinlandHelsinkiFinland
| | - Krista Kokki
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID)Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter FinlandHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Herring Milt and Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Are Equally Effective in Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diet-Induced Obese- and Insulin-Resistant Mice. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120635. [PMID: 33322303 PMCID: PMC7763884 DOI: 10.3390/md18120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetic predisposition influences the onset and progression of insulin resistance and diabetes, dietary nutrients are critical. In general, protein is beneficial relative to carbohydrate and fat but dependent on protein source. Our recent study demonstrated that 70% replacement of dietary casein protein with the equivalent quantity of protein derived from herring milt protein hydrolysate (HMPH; herring milt with proteins being enzymatically hydrolyzed) significantly improved insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. As production of protein hydrolysate increases the cost of the product, it is important to determine whether a simply dried and ground herring milt product possesses similar benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of herring milt dry powder (HMDP) on glucose control and the associated metabolic phenotypes and further to compare its efficacy with HMPH. Male C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet for 7 weeks were randomized based on body weight and blood glucose into three groups. One group continued on the high-fat diet and was used as the insulin-resistant/diabetic control and the other two groups were given the high-fat diet modified to have 70% of casein protein being replaced with the same amount of protein from HMDP or HMPH. A group of mice on a low-fat diet all the time was used as the normal control. The results demonstrated that mice on the high-fat diet increased weight gain and showed higher blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin, as well as impaired glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell function relative to those on the normal control diet. In comparison with the high-fat diet, the replacement of 70% dietary casein protein with the same amount of HMDP or HMPH protein decreased weight gain and significantly improved the aforementioned biomarkers, insulin sensitivity or resistance, and β-cell function. The HMDP and HMPH showed similar effects on every parameter except blood lipids where HMDP decreased total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels while the effect of HMPH was not significant. The results demonstrate that substituting 70% of dietary casein protein with the equivalent amount of HMDP or HMPH protein protects against obesity and diabetes, and HMDP is also beneficial to cholesterol homeostasis.
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Meep, a Novel Regulator of Insulin Signaling, Supports Development and Insulin Sensitivity via Maintenance of Protein Homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4399-4410. [PMID: 32998936 PMCID: PMC7718763 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling is critical for developmental growth and adult homeostasis, yet the downstream regulators of this signaling pathway are not completely understood. Using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we took a genomic approach to identify novel mediators of insulin signaling. These studies led to the identification of Meep, encoded by the gene CG32335. Expression of this gene is both insulin receptor- and diet-dependent. We found that Meep was specifically required in the developing fat body to tolerate a high-sugar diet (HSD). Meep is not essential on a control diet, but when reared on an HSD, knockdown of meep causes hyperglycemia, reduced growth, developmental delay, pupal lethality, and reduced longevity. These phenotypes stem in part from Meep’s role in promoting insulin sensitivity and protein stability. This work suggests a critical role for protein homeostasis in development during overnutrition. Because Meep is conserved and obesity-associated in mammals, future studies on Meep may help to understand the role of proteostasis in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes.
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Jiang L, Chu H, Gao B, Lang S, Wang Y, Duan Y, Schnabl B. Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Novel Hepatic and Intestinal Genes Following Chronic Plus Binge Ethanol Feeding in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3592-3604. [PMID: 32671585 PMCID: PMC7669632 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease accounts for half of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide. The spectrum of disease varies from simple steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the disease on a molecular level helps us to develop therapeutic targets. AIM We performed transcriptomic analysis in liver and ileum from chronic plus binge ethanol-fed mice, and we assessed the role of selected differentially expressed genes and their association with serum bile acids and gut microbiota. METHODS Wild-type mice were subjected to a chronic Lieber-DeCarli diet model for 8 weeks followed by one binge of ethanol. RNA-seq analysis was performed on liver and ileum samples. Associations between selected differentially regulated genes and serum bile acid profile or fecal bacterial profiling (16S rDNA sequencing) were investigated. RESULTS We provide a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes, KEGG pathways, and gene ontology functions in liver and ileum from chronic plus binge ethanol-fed mice. In liver, we identified solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 (Slco1a1; encoding for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1A1), as the most down-regulated mRNA, and it is negatively correlated with serum cholic acid level. Prokineticin 2 (Prok2) mRNA, a cytokine-like molecule associated with gastrointestinal tract inflammation, was significantly down-regulated in ethanol-fed mice. Prok2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with abundance of Allobaculum (genus), Coprococcus (genus), Lachnospiraceae (family), Lactococcus (genus), and Cobriobacteriaceae (family), while it positively correlated with Bacteroides (genus). CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq analysis revealed unique transcriptomic signatures in the liver and intestine following chronic plus binge ethanol feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Tian W, Yuan X, Song Y, Zhai J, Wei H, Wang L, Li D, Chen Q. miR-218 inhibits glucose metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:106. [PMID: 33335569 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose metabolism is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer and increased expression levels of several key factors involved in glucose metabolism have been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies showed that microRNA (miR)-218 is reduced in NSCLC, but its function in glucose metabolism in NSCLC is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-218 on glucose metabolism in NSCLC cell lines and the underlying molecular mechanism. The present results suggested that miR-218 reduced glucose consumption, the mechanism of glycolysis and activity in the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was identified to be a direct target of miR-218, while overexpression of GLUT1 did not abolish the effect of miR-218 on glucose metabolism. The present results indicated that phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased by miR-218 in NSCLC cells and that activation of NF-κB led to the inhibition of miR-218 regulation of glucose metabolism. In conclusion, the present results suggested that miR-218 downregulated glucose metabolism in NSCLC not only by directly targeting GLUT1, but also via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Institute of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yongna Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxia Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Linna Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ng R, Adulcikas J, Sohal SS, Myers S. Zinc Modulates Several Transcription-Factor Regulated Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5098. [PMID: 33153045 PMCID: PMC7663025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential metal ion involved in many biological processes. Studies have shown that zinc can activate several molecules in the insulin signalling pathway and the concomitant uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle cells. However, there is limited information on other potential pathways that zinc can activate in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify other zinc-activating pathways in skeletal muscle cells to further delineate the role of this metal ion in cellular processes. Mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with insulin (10 nM), zinc (20 µM), and the zinc chelator TPEN (various concentrations) over 60 min. Western blots were performed for the zinc-activation of pAkt, pErk, and pCreb. A Cignal 45-Reporter Array that targets 45 signalling pathways was utilised to test the ability of zinc to activate pathways that have not yet been described. Zinc and insulin activated pAkt over 60 min as expected. Moreover, the treatment of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with TPEN reduced the ability of zinc to activate pAkt and pErk. Zinc also activated several associated novel transcription factor pathways including Nrf1/Nrf2, ATF6, CREB, EGR1, STAT1, AP-1, PPAR, and TCF/LEF, and pCREB protein over 120 min of zinc treatment. These studies have shown that zinc's activity extends beyond that of insulin signalling and plays a role in modulating novel transcription factor activated pathways. Further studies to determine the exact role of zinc in the activation of transcription factor pathways will provide novel insights into this metal ion actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Myers
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Campus, Launceston 7250, Australia; (P.V.F.); (R.N.); (J.A.); (S.S.S.)
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Insulin Potentiates JAK/STAT Signaling to Broadly Inhibit Flavivirus Replication in Insect Vectors. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1946-1960.e5. [PMID: 31722209 PMCID: PMC6871768 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that more than half of the world’s population is at risk for vector-borne diseases, including arboviruses. Because many arboviruses are mosquito borne, investigation of the insect immune response will help identify targets to reduce the spread of arboviruses. Here, we use a genetic screening approach to identify an insulin-like receptor as a component of the immune response to arboviral infection. We determine that vertebrate insulin reduces West Nile virus (WNV) replication in Drosophila melanogaster as well as WNV, Zika, and dengue virus titers in mosquito cells. Mechanistically, we show that insulin signaling activates the JAK/STAT, but not RNAi, pathway via ERK to control infection in Drosophila cells and Culex mosquitoes through an integrated immune response. Finally, we validate that insulin priming of adult female Culex mosquitoes through a blood meal reduces WNV infection, demonstrating an essential role for insulin signaling in insect antiviral responses to human pathogens. The world’s population is at risk for infection with several flaviviruses. Ahlers et al. use a living library of insects to determine that an insulin-like receptor controls West Nile virus infection. Insulin signaling is antiviral via the JAK/STAT pathway in both fly and mosquito models and against a range of flaviviruses.
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Li P, Ding L, Cao S, Feng X, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Zhang N, Qiu F. Curcumin metabolites contribute to the effect of curcumin on ameliorating insulin sensitivity in high-glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:113015. [PMID: 32464315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Curcumin (CUR) is the active ingredient of Traditional Chinese Medicine turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which has been used for treatment of diabetes in Ayurveda and China. CUR exerts potent anti-insulin-resistant effects in various cell lines. However, previous studies indicated CUR was metabolized extensively in vivo and massively degraded in a medium alkaline buffer solution. The real active component of the anti-insulin-resistant activity of CUR in vitro is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study identified the functional contribution of the metabolites of CUR and the related molecular mechanism in improving insulin sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC and UPLC-QQQ-MS analyses were used to investigate the stability and metabolism of CUR in HepG2 cells. The effect of the metabolic products of CUR on insulin sensitivity was evaluated in high glucose (HG)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. A network pharmacology approach was used to examine the potential targets of the metabolites, and Western blotting was performed to verify changes in the targets. RESULTS CUR was unstable in the cell culture medium, but the prototypes, metabolites and degradation products of CUR coexisted in the HepG2 cell culture experiment. The insulin sensitivity assay demonstrated that CUR and its metabolites enhanced insulin sensitivity in HG-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, but the total degradation products of CUR may not play the major role. Similar to CUR, hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) and octahydrocurcumin (OHC) improved insulin sensitivity by strengthening the PI3K-AKT-GSK3B signal and suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK/JNK in HG-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites of CUR played a critical role in counteracting insulin resistance in HG-induced HepG2 cells. CUR exerted anti-insulin resistance effect in HepG2 cells in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Tang Y, Yin H, Wang W, Zhang X, Chu N, Li S, Yan C, Fu Q, Yao K. Enhancement of lens extraction-induced MCP-1 upregulation and microglia response in long-term diabetes via c-jun, stat1 and ERK. Life Sci 2020; 261:118360. [PMID: 32861799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic patients are reported to have a higher incidence of cataract surgery-induced retinal complications, possibly due to retinal inflammation. Our goal is to identify the key inflammatory cytokines, cells and regulatory pathways involved. MAIN METHODS Diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by streptozotocin and control mice received extracapsular lens extraction (ECLE) in one eye. Neuroretinas were collected at postoperative day1(P1), day2(P2), and day7(P7). BV2 cells were harvested under the treatment of high glucose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibitors. The method of qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to identify the expression of cytokines and signaling pathways. KEY FINDINGS ECLE induced increased inflammation in the neuroretina of surgery eye with a peak at P1. MCP-1 surge in long-term diabetes mellitus (LDM) mice at P1 is higher than short-term diabetes mellitus (SDM) mice and normal mice. Significant activation of c-jun and c-fos were found in LDM compared to normal and SDM. Advanced activation of stat1 and ERK was found at P1 in LDM instead of at P2 in SDM and Normal. Activation of microglia/macrophage was also detected in the LDM mice. Besides the inhibition of c-jun/JNK, MCP-1 expression can be attenuated by inhibiting stat1 and ERK under high glucose condition after LPS stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE Enhancement of lens extraction-induced MCP-1 upregulation and microglia response in long-term diabetes might be due to the activation of cjun, stat1 and ERK, which provided potential therapeutic targets to attenuate retinal inflammation after surgery in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Naibin Chu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenxi Yan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Guo J, Chen J, Ren W, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Su D, Qiu C, Zhang W, Li K. Citrus flavone tangeretin is a potential insulin sensitizer targeting hepatocytes through suppressing MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:277-282. [PMID: 32703423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tangeretin, a flavonoid derived from citrus peel, showed anti-diabetic effects. However, the role of tangeretin on liver, the organ that act as target of insulin and play the central role in maintaining the blood glucose level control, is still largely unknown. The current study was designed to assess the effect of tangeretin on liver insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Primary hepatocytes and mice were treated with different dose of tangeretin, parameters of insulin sensitivity, such as blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, glucose tolerate test (GTT), insulin tolerate test (ITT), insulin stimulated IR-AKT pathway were analyzed. RESULTS Primary hepatocytes treated with 10/20 μM tangeretin showed up-regulated insulin signaling pathway as well as the glycogen content, while the glucose output were reduced. Intragastric administration of tangeretin (25/50 mg/kg) also ameliorated the liver insulin sensitivity and improved the glucose homeostasis, both in wild type C57 mice and in db/db mice, a diabetic model. Tangeretin treatment dose-dependently suppressed the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, while forced activation of p-ERK1/2 reversed the insulin sensitized effect of tangeretin. CONCLUSION These results indicated that tangeretin enhanced the liver insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, through suppressing the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Ding Z, Wang X, Liu S, Zhou S, Kore RA, Mu S, Deng X, Fan Y, Mehta JL. NLRP3 inflammasome via IL-1β regulates PCSK9 secretion. Theranostics 2020; 10:7100-7110. [PMID: 32641981 PMCID: PMC7330863 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both PCSK9 and NLRP3 inflammasome play important roles in atherogenesis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome via IL-1β induces PCSK9 secretion. The inter-twined relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and PCSK9 may be relevant in atherogenesis. Methods: We studied NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated PCSK9 secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages and in a variety of tissues, such as liver, kidney and small intestine. Macrophages were derived from wild-type (WT) and a variety of gene deletion mice to define the mechanistic basis of NLRP3 inflammasome -mediated PCSK9 secretion. Additional studies were performed in high-fat diet fed mice. Results: We observed that NLRP3 and its downstream signals ASC, Caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β all participate in PCSK9 secretion. IL-1β seems to be more important than IL-18 in the induction of PCSK9 secretion. Further, there appears to be significant involvement of MAPKs in this process. Lastly, we observed that mice fed high fat diet have high expression of NLRP3 and a greater secretion of PCSK9 than mice fed a standard diet, and this increased secretion of PCSK9 in high fat diet-fed mice was attenuated in IL-1β-/- mice. Conclusions: This study based on extensive in vitro and in vivo data provides evidence that NLRP3 inflammasome via IL-1β plays an important role in determining PCSK9 secretion, particularly in the presence of high-fat diet.
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A Functional Analysis of the Drosophila Gene hindsight: Evidence for Positive Regulation of EGFR Signaling. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:117-127. [PMID: 31649045 PMCID: PMC6945037 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between the function of the gene hindsight (hnt), which is the Drosophila homolog of Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 (RREB-1), and the EGFR signaling pathway. We report that hnt mutant embryos are defective in EGFR signaling dependent processes, namely chordotonal organ recruitment and oenocyte specification. We also show the temperature sensitive hypomorphic allele hntpebbled is enhanced by the hypomorphic MAPK allele rolled (rl1 ). We find that hnt overexpression results in ectopic DPax2 expression within the embryonic peripheral nervous system, and we show that this effect is EGFR-dependent. Finally, we show that the canonical U-shaped embryonic lethal phenotype of hnt, which is associated with premature degeneration of the extraembyonic amnioserosa and a failure in germ band retraction, is rescued by expression of several components of the EGFR signaling pathway (sSpi, Ras85D V12 , pntP1 ) as well as the caspase inhibitor p35 Based on this collection of corroborating evidence, we suggest that an overarching function of hnt involves the positive regulation of EGFR signaling.
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Urbanczyk M, Zbinden A, Layland SL, Duffy G, Schenke-Layland K. Controlled Heterotypic Pseudo-Islet Assembly of Human β-Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Magnetic Levitation. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:387-399. [PMID: 31680653 PMCID: PMC7187983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell functionality and survival are highly dependent on the cells' microenvironment and cell–cell interactions. Since the pancreas is a highly vascularized organ, the crosstalk between β-cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is vital to ensure proper function. To understand the interaction of pancreatic β-cells with vascular ECs, we sought to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on the interaction of human cell line-based β-cells (EndoC-βH3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We focused on the evaluation of three major spatial distributions, which can be found within human islets in vivo, in tissue-engineered heterotypic cell spheroids, so-called pseudo-islets, by controlling the aggregation process using magnetic levitation. We report that heterotypic spheroids formed by spontaneous aggregation cannot be maintained in culture due to HUVEC disassembly over time. In contrast, magnetic levitation allows the formation of stable heterotypic spheroids with defined spatial distribution and significantly facilitated HUVEC integration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces a human-only cell line-based in vitro test system composed of a coculture of β-cells and ECs with a successful stimulation of β-cell secretory function monitored by a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. In addition, we systematically investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on cocultures of human β-cells and ECs, showing that the architecture of pseudo-islets significantly affects β-cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garry Duffy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Longitudinal multi-omics of host-microbe dynamics in prediabetes. Nature 2019; 569:663-671. [PMID: 31142858 PMCID: PMC6666404 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing health problem, but little is known about its early disease stages, its effects on biological processes or the transition to clinical T2D. To understand the earliest stages of T2D better, we obtained samples from 106 healthy individuals and individuals with prediabetes over approximately four years and performed deep profiling of transcriptomes, metabolomes, cytokines, and proteomes, as well as changes in the microbiome. This rich longitudinal data set revealed many insights: first, healthy profiles are distinct among individuals while displaying diverse patterns of intra- and/or inter-personal variability. Second, extensive host and microbial changes occur during respiratory viral infections and immunization, and immunization triggers potentially protective responses that are distinct from responses to respiratory viral infections. Moreover, during respiratory viral infections, insulin-resistant participants respond differently than insulin-sensitive participants. Third, global co-association analyses among the thousands of profiled molecules reveal specific host-microbe interactions that differ between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals. Last, we identified early personal molecular signatures in one individual that preceded the onset of T2D, including the inflammation markers interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) paired with xenobiotic-induced immune signalling. Our study reveals insights into pathways and responses that differ between glucose-dysregulated and healthy individuals during health and disease and provides an open-access data resource to enable further research into healthy, prediabetic and T2D states.
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Vijayakumar P, Bakyaraj S, Singaravadivelan A, Vasanthakumar T, Suresh R. Meta-analysis of mammary RNA seq datasets reveals the molecular understanding of bovine lactation biology. Genome 2019; 62:489-501. [PMID: 31071269 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the biology of lactation, both in terms of gene expression and the identification of candidate genes for the production of milk and its components, is made possible by recent advances in RNA seq technology. The purpose of this study was to understand the synthesis of milk components and the molecular pathways involved, as well as to identify candidate genes for milk production traits within whole mammary transcriptomic datasets. We performed a meta-analysis of publically available RNA seq transcriptome datasets of mammary tissue/milk somatic cells. In total, 11 562 genes were commonly identified from all RNA seq based mammary gland transcriptomes. Functional annotation of commonly expressed genes revealed the molecular processes that contribute to the synthesis of fats, proteins, and lactose in mammary secretory cells and the molecular pathways responsible for milk synthesis. In addition, we identified several candidate genes responsible for milk production traits and constructed a gene regulatory network for RNA seq data. In conclusion, this study provides a basic understanding of the lactation biology of cows at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- a Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Orathanadu-614 625, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanniyasi Bakyaraj
- b College of Poultry Production and Management, TANUVAS, Hosur-635 110, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thangavelu Vasanthakumar
- a Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Orathanadu-614 625, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Suresh
- a Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Orathanadu-614 625, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mucellini AB, Laureano DP, Silveira PP, Sanvitto GL. Maternal and post-natal obesity alters long-term memory and hippocampal molecular signaling of male rat. Brain Res 2019; 1708:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Kim JY, Lee JY, Ha KS, Han ET, Park WS, Min CK, Hong SH. Perivascular Cells and NADPH Oxidase Inhibition Partially Restore Hyperglycemia-Induced Alterations in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Populations in the Bone Marrow. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:63-72. [PMID: 30595009 PMCID: PMC6457702 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Patients suffer from long-term diabetes can result in severe complications in multiple organs through induction of vascular dysfunctions. However, the effects of chronic hyperglycemic conditions on hematopoiesis and the microenvironment in the bone marrow (BM) are not yet well understood. Methods BM cells were harvested from femurs of mice and analyzed using flow cytometry. Human PVCs were cultured in serum-free α-MEM. After 24hrs, PVC-CM was collected and filtered through a 0.22 μm filter. Results In this study, we showed that hyperglycemia alters hematopoietic composition in the BM, which can partially be restored via paracrine mechanisms, including perivascular cells (PVCs) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Prolonged hyperglycemic conditions resulted in an increase in the frequency and number of long-term hematopoietic stem cells as well as the number of total BM cells. The altered hematopoiesis in the BM was partially recovered by treatment with PVC-derived conditioned medium (CM). Long-term diabetes also increased the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the BM, which was partially restored by the administration of PVC-CM and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a NOX inhibitor. We further showed the downregulation of ERK and p38 phosphorylation in BM cells of diabetic mice treated with PVC-CM and DPI. This may be associated with dysfunction of hematopoietic cells and promotion of subsequent diabetic complications. Conclusions Our data suggested that alterations in BM hematopoietic composition due to prolonged hyperglycemic conditions might be restored by improvement of the hematopoietic microenvironment and modulation of NOX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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