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Riccio A, Mazzanti C, Vero L, Vanessa Fiorentino T, Succurro E, Miceli S, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Cefalo CMA, Sesti G. Association between liver fibrosis and decreased myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in individuals with different degree of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110639. [PMID: 36963509 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Decreased myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEEi) is associated with NAFLD and poorer prognosis in liver cirrhosis. We aim to investigate the association between liver fibrosis severity and MEEi in individuals participating in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. METHODS Myocardial MEEi, assessed by an echocardiography-derived measure, and fibrosis severity, estimated by the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), were evaluated in 2383 subjects with different degree of glucose tolerance. Participants were divided into four groups according to FIB-4 index values: lowest risk of fibrosis (<1.3); low risk of fibrosis (≥1.3 to < 1.67); moderate risk of fibrosis (≥1.67 to < 2.67); high risk of fibrosis (≥2.67). RESULTS Subjects with higher risk of liver fibrosis displayed a graded decrease in myocardial MEEi compare to those with the lowest risk of liver fibrosis. In a multivariable regression analysis, FIB-4 index was independently associated with MEEi (β = -0.080, P < 0.001), along with total cholesterol (β = -0.067, P = 0.01), hsCRP (β = -0.081, P < 0.001), sex (β = -0.099, P < 0.001), glucose tolerance status (β = -0.109, <0.001) and HOMA-IR index (β = -0.143, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Compromised myocardial MEEi is already reported in individuals with high risk of hepatic fibrosis suggesting that its assessment may help to identify among subjects with NAFLD those with worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Mazzanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vero
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sofia Miceli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara M A Cefalo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Rasa C, Banu J, Mito S, Chavez AO, Reyna SM. Commentary on Metabolic Health Disparities Affecting the Rio Grande Valley Mexican American Population: Seeking Answers Using Animal Models. Ethn Dis 2023; 33:55-60. [PMID: 38846261 PMCID: PMC11152149 DOI: 10.18865/1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexican Americans living in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The US-Mexico border frontier has a unique blended culture of American lifestyle and Mexican traditions. Some examples of the cultural traditions are the food and the use of herbal medicine, but these traditions are in danger of disappearing after a very short number of generations living in the United States. This article describes the use of animal models under experimental conditions to solve practical questions (etiology or treatment). We performed studies with murine (ie, mouse and rat) models to elucidate the characteristics of medicinal plants that modulate glucose metabolism and inflammation and protect from bone loss, complications related to T2D. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley researchers also have collaborated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio researchers in performing studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) (ie, baboon) to understand the effect of T2D and diets on organs and tissues. With the new knowledge gained from the use of animal models (murine and NHP), new therapies are discovered for the prevention and treatment of T2D and its related complications, such as bone loss and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which the Mexican American and other human populations are at high risk of developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- Population Health and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Cordelia Rasa
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Jameela Banu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Shizue Mito
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Alberto O. Chavez
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Sara M. Reyna
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
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Huang Y, Wang X, Yan C, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Liang E, Liu T, Mao J. Effect of metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31437. [PMID: 36316840 PMCID: PMC9622616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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Savva C, Helguero LA, González-Granillo M, Couto D, Melo T, Li X, Angelin B, Domingues MR, Kutter C, Korach-André M. Obese mother offspring have hepatic lipidic modulation that contributes to sex-dependent metabolic adaptation later in life. Commun Biol 2021; 4:14. [PMID: 33398027 PMCID: PMC7782679 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age, there is an urgent need to understand the metabolic impact on the fetus. Sex-related susceptibility to liver diseases has been demonstrated but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that maternal obesity impacts lipid metabolism differently in female and male offspring. Males, but not females, gained more weight and had impaired insulin sensitivity when born from obese mothers compared to control. Although lipid mass was similar in the livers of female and male offspring, sex-specific modifications in the composition of fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids was observed. These overall changes could be linked to sex-specific regulation of genes controlling metabolic pathways. Our findings revised the current assumption that sex-dependent susceptibility to metabolic disorders is caused by sex-specific postnatal regulation and instead we provide molecular evidence supporting in utero metabolic adaptations in the offspring of obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Savva
- Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit (CMU) and KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marcela González-Granillo
- Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit (CMU) and KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Couto
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit (CMU) and KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Angelin
- Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit (CMU) and KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Korach-André
- Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit (CMU) and KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Fiorentino TV, Succurro E, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Perticone F, Sesti G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with different glucose tolerance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3333. [PMID: 32356922 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes; nonetheless, it is unknown whether the relationship between NAFLD and CVD occurs also in subjects with prediabetes. Herein, we evaluated whether NAFLD is associated with prevalent CVD in subjects with different glucose tolerance states independently of cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Presence of NALFD, defined by liver ultrasound, and its association with prevalent composite and individual CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease, was assessed in a cohort of 1254 Caucasian subjects classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 517), prediabetes (n = 397) or type 2 diabetes (n = 340). RESULTS Prevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 47.9%. Presence of NAFLD was linked to an augmented prevalence of composite CVD and individual CAD in all the three glucose tolerance groups. In a logistic regression model adjusted for several cardio-metabolic risk factors, subjects with NGT and NAFLD exhibited a 3.2- and 3.4-fold increased risk of having CVD or CAD, respectively, as compared with those without NAFLD. Similarly, subjects with prediabetes and NAFLD showed an increased risk of having CVD or CAD by 2.3- and 2.0-fold, respectively, in comparison to their counterpart without NAFLD. Within the group with type 2 diabetes, subjects having NAFLD displayed a 2.3- and 2.0-fold higher risk of having CVD or CAD, respectively, in comparison to those without NAFLD. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography-defined NAFLD is independently associated with an increased risk of having CVD in individuals with different glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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6
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Martin GG, Landrock D, McIntosh AL, Milligan S, Landrock KK, Kier AB, Mackie J, Schroeder F. High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High-Fat Pair-Fed Mice. Lipids 2020; 55:309-327. [PMID: 32314395 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ad libitum-fed diets high in fat and carbohydrate (especially fructose) induce weight gain, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and animal models. However, interpretation is complicated since ad libitum feeding of such diets induces hyperphagia and upregulates expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)-a protein intimately involved in fatty acid and glucose regulation of lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and L-fabp gene ablated (LKO) mice were pair-fed either high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat/high-glucose diet (HFGD) wherein total carbohydrate was maintained constant but the proportion of glucose was increased at the expense of fructose. In LKO mice, the pair-fed HFD increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) but had no effect on fat tissue mass (FTM) or hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and sterol carrier protein-2), but lower hepatic fatty acid oxidation (decreased serum β-hydroxybutyrate). LKO mice pair-fed HFGD also exhibited increased body weight; however, these mice had increased FTM, not LTM, and increased hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice also exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and acyl-CoA binding protein, but not sterol carrier protein-2), but there was no change in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (serum β-hydroxybutyrate) as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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7
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Shahen VA, Gerbaix M, Koeppenkastrop S, Lim SF, McFarlane KE, Nguyen ANL, Peng XY, Weiss NB, Brennan-Speranza TC. Multifactorial effects of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation on bone remodelling in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:109-118. [PMID: 32354674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bones undergo continuous cycles of bone remodelling that rely on the balance between bone formation and resorption. This balance allows the bone to adapt to changes in mechanical loads and repair microdamages. However, this balance is susceptible to upset in various conditions, leading to impaired bone remodelling and abnormal bones. This is usually indicated by abnormal bone mineral density (BMD), an indicator of bone strength. Despite this, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit normal to high BMD, yet still suffer from an increased risk of fractures. The activity of the bone cells is also altered as indicated by the reduced levels of bone turnover markers in T2DM observed in the circulation. The underlying mechanisms behind these skeletal outcomes in patients with T2DM remain unclear. This review summarises recent findings regarding inflammatory cytokine factors associated with T2DM to understand the mechanisms involved and considers potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shahen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - M Gerbaix
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Koeppenkastrop
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - S F Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - K E McFarlane
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda N L Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - X Y Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - N B Weiss
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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8
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McIntosh AL, Atshaves BP, Martin GG, Landrock D, Milligan S, Landrock KK, Huang H, Storey SM, Mackie J, Schroeder F, Kier AB. Effect of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene ablation on lipid metabolism in high glucose diet (HGD) pair-fed mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:985-1004. [PMID: 30910689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is the major fatty acid binding/"chaperone" protein in hepatic cytosol. Although fatty acids can be derived from the breakdown of dietary fat and glucose, relatively little is known regarding the impact of L-FABP on phenotype in the context of high dietary glucose. Potential impact was examined in wild-type (WT) and Lfabp gene ablated (LKO) female mice fed either a control or pair-fed high glucose diet (HGD). WT mice fed HGD alone exhibited decreased whole body weight gain and weight gain/kcal food consumed-both as reduced lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat tissue mass (FTM). Conversely, LKO alone increased weight gain, lean tissue mass, and fat tissue mass while decreasing serum β-hydroxybutyrate (indicative of hepatic fatty acid oxidation)-regardless of diet. Both LKO alone and HGD alone significantly altered the serum lipoprotein profile and increased triacylglycerol (TG), but in HGD mice the LKO did not further exacerbate serum TG content. HGD had little effect on hepatic lipid composition in WT mice, but prevented the LKO-induced selective increase in hepatic phospholipid, free-cholesterol and cholesteryl-ester. Taken together, these findings suggest that high glucose diet diminished the effects of LKO on the whole body and lipid phenotype of these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Barbara P Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Storey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - John Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
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9
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Higgins PB, Folli F, Andrade MCR, Foster J, Mattern V, Paroni R, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Voruganti VS, Kumar S, Guardado-Mendoza R, Bulfamante G, Fiorina P, Pontiroli AE, Hubbard GB, Owston M, Dick EJ, Comuzzie AG. Duodenal adipose tissue is associated with obesity in baboons (Papio sp): a novel site of ectopic fat deposition in non-human primates. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:227-236. [PMID: 30673859 PMCID: PMC6691506 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ectopic fat is a recognized contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, while the role of fat deposition inside intestinal wall tissue remains understudied. We undertook this study to directly quantify and localize intramural fat deposition in duodenal tissue and determine its association with adiposity. METHODS Duodenal tissues were collected from aged (21.2 ± 1.3 years, 19.5 ± 3.1 kg, n = 39) female baboons (Papio sp.). Fasted blood was collected for metabolic profiling and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were taken. Primary tissue samples were collected at the major duodenal papilla at necropsy: one full cross section was processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and evaluated; a second full cross section was processed for direct chemical lipid analysis on which percentage duodenal fat content was calculated. RESULTS Duodenal fat content obtained by direct tissue quantification showed considerable variability (11.95 ± 6.93%) and was correlated with AC (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.38, p = 0.02), leptin (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), adiponectin (r = - 0.32, p < 0.05), and triglyceride (r = 0.41, p = 0.01). The relationship between duodenal fat content and leptin remained after adjusting for body weight and abdominal circumference. Intramural adipocytes were found in duodenal sections from all animals and were localized to the submucosa. Consistent with the variation in tissue fat content, the submucosal adipocytes were non-uniformly distributed in clusters of varying size. Duodenal adipocytes were larger in obese vs. lean animals (106.9 vs. 66.7 µm2, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Fat accumulation inside the duodenal wall is strongly associated with adiposity and adiposity related circulating biomarkers in baboons. Duodenal tissue fat represents a novel and potentially metabolically active site of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Higgins
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA.
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- UOSD of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marcia C R Andrade
- Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaydee Foster
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA
| | - Vicki Mattern
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Science, University of Milano, Via A. di Rudini' 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gene B Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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10
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Martin GG, Landrock D, Dangott LJ, McIntosh AL, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Human Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein-1 T94A Variant, Nonalcohol Fatty Liver Disease, and Hepatic Endocannabinoid System. Lipids 2019; 53:27-40. [PMID: 29488637 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic endocannabinoids (EC) and their major binding/"chaperone" protein (i.e., liver fatty acid binding protein-1 [FABP1]) are associated with development of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in animal models and humans. Since expression of the highly prevalent human FABP1 T94A variant induces serum lipid accumulation, it is important to determine its impact on hepatic lipid accumulation and the EC system. This issue was addressed in livers from human subjects expressing only wild-type (WT) FABP1 T94T (TT genotype) or T94A variant (TC or CC genotype). WT FABP1 males had lower total lipids (both neutral cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols) and phospholipids than females. WT FABP1 males' lower lipids correlated with lower levels of the N-acylethanolamide DHEA and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAG) (2-OG, 2-PG). T94A expression in males increased the hepatic total lipids (triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester), which is consistent with their higher level of CB1-potentiating 2-OG and lower antagonistic EPEA. In contrast, in females, T94A expression did not alter the total lipids, neutral lipids, or phospholipids, which is attributable to the higher cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) agonist arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and its CB1-potentiator OEA being largely offset by reduced potentiating 2-OG and increased antagonistic EPEA. Taken together, these findings indicate that T94A-induced alterations in the hepatic EC system contribute at least in part to the hepatic accumulation of lipids associated with NAFLD, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2128, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
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11
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Cox LA, Olivier M, Spradling-Reeves K, Karere GM, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL. Nonhuman Primates and Translational Research-Cardiovascular Disease. ILAR J 2018; 58:235-250. [PMID: 28985395 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Human epidemiological studies provide challenges for understanding mechanisms that regulate initiation and progression of CVD due to variation in lifestyle, diet, and other environmental factors. Studies describing metabolic and physiologic aspects of CVD, and those investigating genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing CVD initiation and progression, have been conducted in multiple Old World nonhuman primate (NHP) species. Major advantages of NHPs as models for understanding CVD are their genetic, metabolic, and physiologic similarities with humans, and the ability to control diet, environment, and breeding. These NHP species are also genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, providing opportunities to study gene by environment interactions that are not feasible in inbred animal models. Each Old World NHP species included in this review brings unique strengths as models to better understand human CVD. All develop CVD without genetic manipulation providing multiple models to discover genetic variants that influence CVD risk. In addition, as each of these NHP species age, their age-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes are accelerated proportionally 3 to 4 times faster than in humans.In this review, we discuss current CVD-related research in NHPs focusing on selected aspects of CVD for which nonprimate model organism studies have left gaps in our understanding of human disease. We include studies on current knowledge of genetics, epigenetics, calorie restriction, maternal calorie restriction and offspring health, maternal obesity and offspring health, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis, Chagas disease, microbiome, stem cells, and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Genesio M Karere
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John L VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, Texas
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12
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Bifari F, Manfrini R, Dei Cas M, Berra C, Siano M, Zuin M, Paroni R, Folli F. Multiple target tissue effects of GLP-1 analogues on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:219-229. [PMID: 30359962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating experimental and clinical evidences over the last decade indicate that GLP-1 analogues have a series of central nervous system and peripheral target tissues actions which are able to significantly influence the liver metabolism. GLP-1 analogues pleiotropic effects proved to be efficacious in T2DM subjects not only reducing liver steatosis and ameliorating NAFLD and NASH, but also in lowering plasma glucose and liver inflammation, improving cardiac function and protecting from kidney dysfunction. While the experimental and clinical data are robust, the precise mechanisms of action potentially involved in these protective multi-target effects need further investigation. Here we present a systematic review of the most recent literature data on the multi-target effects of GLP-1 analogues on the liver, on adipose and muscular tissue and on the nervous system, all capable of influencing significant aspects of the fatty liver disease physiopathology. From this analysis, we can conclude that the multi-target beneficial action of the GLP-1 analogues could explain the positive effects observed in animal and human models on progression of NAFLD to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfrini
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Berra
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Siano
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zuin
- Unit of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Carrillo M, Li C, Nathanielsz P, Maguire C, Maher J, Dick E, Hubbard G, Stanek J. A first case of hepatocellular carcinoma in the baboon (Papio spp.) placenta. J Med Primatol 2018; 48:68-73. [PMID: 30246873 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the placenta of healthy baboon (Papio spp.). Grossly, the fetal, maternal, and placental tissues were unremarkable. Histologically, the placenta contained an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, infiltrative, solidly cellular neoplasm composed of cells that resembled hepatocytes. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for Ae1/Ae3, Arginase -1, glutamine synthetase, and CD10, and negative for ER, vascular markers (CD31 and D240), S100, glypican, C-reactive protein, FABP, desmin, and beta-catenin; INI1 positivity was similar to non-neoplastic tissues. The case likely represents a unique subtype of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maira Carrillo
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - Cun Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Nathanielsz
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christopher Maguire
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - James Maher
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - Edward Dick
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gene Hubbard
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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14
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Folli F, La Rosa S, Finzi G, Davalli AM, Galli A, Dick EJ, Perego C, Mendoza RG. Pancreatic islet of Langerhans' cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure in normal glucose tolerance and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:137-144. [PMID: 30230173 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While a number of structural and cellular abnormalities occur in the islet of Langerhans in diabetes, and in particular in type 2 diabetes, the focus has been mostly on the insulin producing β-cells and only more recently on glucagon producing α- and δ-cells. There is ample evidence that in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in addition to a progressive decline in β-cell function and associated insulin resistance in a number of insulin-sensitive tissues, alterations in glucagon secretion are also present and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia both in the fasting and in the postprandial state. Recently, a number of studies have showed that there are also functional and structural alterations in glucagon-producing α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple cellular alterations of multiple cell types occur, which adds even more complexity to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this common and severe disease. We believe that persistent efforts to increase the understanding of the pathophysiology of hormone secretion in the islets of Langerhans will also improve our capability to better prevent and treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Anatomical Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto M Davalli
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, H.S Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carla Perego
- Anatomical Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Guardado Mendoza
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Guanajuato, Mexico
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15
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Martin GG, Seeger DR, McIntosh AL, Chung S, Milligan S, Landrock D, Dangott LJ, Golovko MY, Murphy EJ, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Scp-2/Scp-x ablation in Fabp1 null mice differentially impacts hepatic endocannabinoid level depending on dietary fat. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 650:93-102. [PMID: 29763591 PMCID: PMC6033332 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hepatic endocannabinoid (EC) system and high fat diet (HFD) are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver cytosol contains high levels of two novel endocannabinoid binding proteins-liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) and sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2). While Fabp1 gene ablation significantly increases hepatic levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)-containing EC and sex-dependent response to pair-fed high fat diet (HFD), the presence of SCP-2 complicates interpretation. These issues were addressed by ablating Scp-2/Scp-x in Fabp1 null mice (TKO). In control-fed mice, TKO increased hepatic levels of arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) in both sexes. HFD impacted hepatic EC levels by decreasing AEA in TKO females and decreasing 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in WT of both sexes. Only TKO males on HFD had increased hepatic 2-AG levels. Hepatic ARA levels were decreased in control-fed TKO of both sexes. Changes in hepatic AEA/2-AG levels were not associated with altered amounts of hepatic proteins involved in AEA/2-AG synthesis or degradation. These findings suggested that ablation of the Scp-2/Scp-x gene in Fabp1 null mice exacerbated hepatic EC accumulation and antagonized the impact of HFD on hepatic EC levels-suggesting both proteins play important roles in regulating the hepatic EC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA.
| | - Drew R Seeger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Sarah Chung
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Eric J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA.
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16
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Milligan S, Martin GG, Landrock D, McIntosh AL, Mackie JT, Schroeder F, Kier AB. Ablating both Fabp1 and Scp2/Scpx (TKO) induces hepatic phospholipid and cholesterol accumulation in high fat-fed mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:323-338. [PMID: 29307784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although singly ablating Fabp1 or Scp2/Scpx genes may exacerbate the impact of high fat diet (HFD) on whole body phenotype and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), concomitant upregulation of the non-ablated gene, preference for ad libitum fed HFD, and sex differences complicate interpretation. Therefore, these issues were addressed in male and female mice ablated in both genes (Fabp1/Scp2/Scpx null or TKO) and pair-fed HFD. Wild-type (WT) males gained more body weight as fat tissue mass (FTM) and exhibited higher hepatic lipid accumulation than WT females. The greater hepatic lipid accumulation in WT males was associated with higher hepatic expression of enzymes in glyceride synthesis, higher hepatic bile acids, and upregulation of transporters involved in hepatic reuptake of serum bile acids. While TKO had little effect on whole body phenotype and hepatic bile acid accumulation in either sex, TKO increased hepatic accumulation of lipids in both, specifically phospholipid and cholesteryl esters in males and females and free cholesterol in females. TKO-induced increases in glycerides were attributed not only to complete loss of FABP1, SCP2 and SCPx, but also in part to sex-dependent upregulation of hepatic lipogenic enzymes. These data with WT and TKO mice pair-fed HFD indicate that: i) Sex significantly impacted the ability of HFD to increase body weight, induce hepatic lipid accumulation and increase hepatic bile acids; and ii) TKO exacerbated the HFD ability to induce hepatic lipid accumulation, regardless of sex, but did not significantly alter whole body phenotype in either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - John T Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Havel PJ, Kievit P, Comuzzie AG, Bremer AA. Use and Importance of Nonhuman Primates in Metabolic Disease Research: Current State of the Field. ILAR J 2017; 58:251-268. [PMID: 29216341 PMCID: PMC6074797 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its multiple metabolic sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver disease, are becoming increasingly widespread in both the developed and developing world. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches for the prevention and treatment of these costly and prevalent metabolic conditions. Accomplishing this will require the use of appropriate animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in metabolic disease research. Although studies in rodent models are often useful for target/pathway identification and testing hypotheses, there are important differences in metabolic physiology between rodents and primates, and experimental findings in rodent models have often failed to be successfully translated into new, clinically useful therapeutic modalities in humans. Nonhuman primates represent a valuable and physiologically relevant model that serve as a critical translational bridge between basic studies performed in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence, including a number of specific examples, in support of the use of nonhuman primate models in metabolic disease research, as well as some of the disadvantages and limitations involved in the use of nonhuman primates. The evidence taken as a whole indicates that nonhuman primates are and will remain an indispensable resource for evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic strategies targeting clinically important metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis, and potentially the cognitive decline and dementia associated with metabolic dysfunction, prior to taking these therapies into clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Havel
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kievit
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Martin GG, Landrock D, Chung S, Dangott LJ, McIntosh AL, Mackie JT, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Loss of fatty acid binding protein-1 alters the hepatic endocannabinoid system response to a high-fat diet. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2114-2126. [PMID: 28972119 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the hepatic endocannabinoid (EC) receptor [cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1)] and arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum also exhibit NAFLD, increased hepatic AEA, and obesity. But, preference for HFD complicates interpretation and almost nothing is known about these effects in females. These issues were addressed by pair-feeding HFD. Similarly to ad libitum-fed HFD, pair-fed HFD also increased WT male and female mouse fat tissue mass (FTM), but preferentially at the expense of lean tissue mass. In contrast, pair-fed HFD did not elicit NAFLD in WT mice regardless of sex. Concomitantly, pair-fed HFD oppositely impacted hepatic AEA, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, and/or CB1 in WT males versus females. In pair-fed HFD mice, liver FA binding protein-1 (Fabp1) gene ablation (LKO): i) exacerbated FTM in both sexes; ii) did not elicit liver neutral lipid accumulation in males and only slightly in females; iii) increased liver AEA in males, but decreased it in females; and iv) decreased CB1 only in males. Thus, pair-fed HFD selectively impacted hepatic ECs more in females, but did not elicit NAFLD in either sex. These effects were modified by LKO consistent with FABP1's ability to impact EC and FA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Sarah Chung
- Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - John T Mackie
- Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Ann B Kier
- Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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20
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Fuhrmeister J, Zota A, Sijmonsma TP, Seibert O, Cıngır Ş, Schmidt K, Vallon N, de Guia RM, Niopek K, Berriel Diaz M, Maida A, Blüher M, Okun JG, Herzig S, Rose AJ. Fasting-induced liver GADD45β restrains hepatic fatty acid uptake and improves metabolic health. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:654-69. [PMID: 27137487 PMCID: PMC4888855 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that repeated short‐term nutrient withdrawal (i.e. fasting) has pleiotropic actions to promote organismal health and longevity. Despite this, the molecular physiological mechanisms by which fasting is protective against metabolic disease are largely unknown. Here, we show that, metabolic control, particularly systemic and liver lipid metabolism, is aberrantly regulated in the fasted state in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction. Liver transcript assays between lean/healthy and obese/diabetic mice in fasted and fed states uncovered “growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible” GADD45β as a dysregulated gene transcript during fasting in several models of metabolic dysfunction including ageing, obesity/pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes, in both mice and humans. Using whole‐body knockout mice as well as liver/hepatocyte‐specific gain‐ and loss‐of‐function strategies, we revealed a role for liver GADD45β in the coordination of liver fatty acid uptake, through cytoplasmic retention of FABP1, ultimately impacting obesity‐driven hyperglycaemia. In summary, fasting stress‐induced GADD45β represents a liver‐specific molecular event promoting adaptive metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fuhrmeister
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Zota
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd P Sijmonsma
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Seibert
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Şahika Cıngır
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmidt
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Vallon
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roldan M de Guia
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Niopek
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Lin KT, Hsu SW, Lai FY, Chang TC, Shi LS, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata extract regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism via activation of the AMPK pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 27184670 PMCID: PMC4869342 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome may lead to many complications, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A natural and effective therapeutic agent for patients with NAFLD is urgently needed. In a previous study, we showed that Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK signaling. However, the manner in which RCE regulates hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism remains unclear. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of RCE on hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with RCE for 6 h under high glucose conditions, after which glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, and relative gene expression were examined. In addition, lipogenesis-related genes were investigated in vivo. Results RCE significantly increased glycogen synthesis and inhibited lipogenesis, while regulating genes related to these processes, including glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), glycogen synthase (GS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). However, the effects caused by RCE were neutralized by compound C, an AMPK antagonist. Further studies showed that expression levels of lipogenic genes decreased at the protein and mRNA levels in the rat liver. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RCE regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism through the AMPK signaling pathway. These results suggest that RCE is a potential intervention for patients with NAFLD.
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22
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Guardado Mendoza R, Perego C, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Capella C, Jimenez-Ceja LM, Velloso LA, Saad MJA, Sessa F, Bertuzzi F, Moretti S, Dick EJ, Davalli AM, Folli F. Delta cell death in the islet of Langerhans and the progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in non-human primates (baboon, Papio hamadryas). Diabetologia 2015; 58:1814-26. [PMID: 26049399 PMCID: PMC5603258 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The cellular composition of the islet of Langerhans is essential to ensure its physiological function. Morphophysiological islet abnormalities are present in type 2 diabetes but the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and islet cell composition, particularly the role of delta cells, is unknown. We explored these questions in pancreases from baboons (Papio hamadryas) with FPG ranging from normal to type 2 diabetic values. METHODS We measured the volumes of alpha, beta and delta cells and amyloid in pancreatic islets of 40 baboons (Group 1 [G1]: FPG < 4.44 mmol/l [n = 10]; G2: FPG = 4.44-5.26 mmol/l [n = 9]; G3: FPG = 5.27-6.94 mmol/l [n = 9]; G4: FPG > 6.94 mmol/l [n = 12]) and correlated islet composition with metabolic and hormonal variables. We also performed confocal microscopy including TUNEL, caspase-3, and anti-caspase cleavage product of cytokeratin 18 (M30) immunostaining, electron microscopy, and immuno-electron microscopy with anti-somatostatin antibodies in baboon pancreases. RESULTS Amyloidosis preceded the decrease in beta cell volume. Alpha cell volume increased ∼ 50% in G3 and G4 (p < 0.05), while delta cell volume decreased in these groups by 31% and 39%, respectively (p < 0.05). In G4, glucagon levels were higher, while insulin and HOMA index of beta cell function were lower than in the other groups. Immunostaining of G4 pancreatic sections with TUNEL, caspase-3 and M30 showed apoptosis of beta and delta cells, which was also confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy with anti-somatostatin antibodies. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In diabetic baboons, changes in islet composition correlate with amyloid deposition, with increased alpha cell and decreased beta and delta cell volume and number due to apoptosis. These data argue for an important role of delta cells in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Guardado Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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23
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Velloso LA, Folli F, Saad MJ. TLR4 at the Crossroads of Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Inflammation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:245-71. [PMID: 25811237 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by the activation of low-grade inflammatory activity in metabolically relevant tissues. Studies have shown that obesity-associated insulin resistance results from the inflammatory targeting and inhibition of key proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway. At least three apparently distinct mechanisms-endoplasmic reticulum stress, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation, and changes in gut microbiota-have been identified as triggers of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation; thus, they are expected to represent potential targets for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we review the data that place TLR4 in the center of the events that connect the consumption of dietary fats with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Changes in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced integrity of the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage of lipopolysaccharides and fatty acids, which can act upon TLR4 to activate systemic inflammation. Fatty acids can also trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be further stimulated by cross talk with active TLR4. Thus, the current data support a connection among the three main triggers of metabolic inflammation, and TLR4 emerges as a link among all of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licio A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Mario J Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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Maslak E, Zabielski P, Kochan K, Kus K, Jasztal A, Sitek B, Proniewski B, Wojcik T, Gula K, Kij A, Walczak M, Baranska M, Chabowski A, Holland RJ, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK, Chlopicki S. The liver-selective NO donor, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against liver steatosis and improves postprandial glucose tolerance in mice fed high fat diet. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:389-400. [PMID: 25534988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Maslak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Kamila Kochan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wojcik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gula
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ryan J Holland
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
| | - Joseph E Saavedra
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
| | - Larry K Keefer
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology (Chair of Pharmacology), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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25
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Fiorentino TV, Owston M, Abrahamian G, La Rosa S, Marando A, Perego C, Di Cairano ES, Finzi G, Capella C, Sessa F, Casiraghi F, Paez A, Adivi A, Davalli A, Fiorina P, Guardado Mendoza R, Comuzzie AG, Sharp M, DeFronzo RA, Halff G, Dick EJ, Folli F. Chronic continuous exenatide infusion does not cause pancreatic inflammation and ductal hyperplasia in non-human primates. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:139-50. [PMID: 25447052 PMCID: PMC4278248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exenatide (EXE) treatment on exocrine pancreas of nonhuman primates. To this end, 52 baboons (Papio hamadryas) underwent partial pancreatectomy, followed by continuous infusion of EXE or saline (SAL) for 14 weeks. Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, Computer Assisted Stereology Toolbox morphometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed at baseline and after treatment. The EXE treatment did not induce pancreatitis, parenchymal or periductal inflammatory cell accumulation, ductal hyperplasia, or dysplastic lesions/pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. At study end, Ki-67-positive (proliferating) acinar cell number did not change, compared with baseline, in either group. Ki-67-positive ductal cells increased after EXE treatment (P = 0.04). However, the change in Ki-67-positive ductal cell number did not differ significantly between the EXE and SAL groups (P = 0.13). M-30-positive (apoptotic) acinar and ductal cell number did not change after SAL or EXE treatment. No changes in ductal density and volume were observed after EXE or SAL. Interestingly, by triple-immunofluorescence staining, we detected c-kit (a marker of cell transdifferentiation) positive ductal cells co-expressing insulin in ducts only in the EXE group at study end, suggesting that EXE may promote the differentiation of ductal cells toward a β-cell phenotype. In conclusion, 14 weeks of EXE treatment did not exert any negative effect on exocrine pancreas, by inducing either pancreatic inflammation or hyperplasia/dysplasia in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michael Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gregory Abrahamian
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marando
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, Universitádegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana S Di Cairano
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, Universitádegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Capella
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Casiraghi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universitádegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Paez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ashwin Adivi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alberto Davalli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Internal and Specialized Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rodolfo Guardado Mendoza
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, México, and the Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Mexico
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark Sharp
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Glenn Halff
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Franco Folli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas; Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas (FCM), Departamento de Clinica Medica, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Zhang XL, Pang W, Hu XT, Li JL, Yao YG, Zheng YT. Experimental primates and non-human primate (NHP) models of human diseases in China: current status and progress. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 35:447-64. [PMID: 25465081 PMCID: PMC4790274 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are phylogenetically close to humans, with many similarities in terms of physiology, anatomy, immunology, as well as neurology, all of which make them excellent experimental models for biomedical research. Compared with developed countries in America and Europe, China has relatively rich primate resources and has continually aimed to develop NHPs resources. Currently, China is a leading producer and a major supplier of NHPs on the international market. However, there are some deficiencies in feeding and management that have hampered China's growth in NHP research and materials. Nonetheless, China has recently established a number of primate animal models for human diseases and achieved marked scientific progress on infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, reproductive diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases, etc. Advances in these fields via NHP models will undoubtedly further promote the development of China's life sciences and pharmaceutical industry, and enhance China's position as a leader in NHP research. This review covers the current status of NHPs in China and other areas, highlighting the latest developments in disease models using NHPs, as well as outlining basic problems and proposing effective countermeasures to better utilize NHP resources and further foster NHP research in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.
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27
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McIntosh AL, Huang H, Storey SM, Landrock KK, Landrock D, Petrescu AD, Gupta S, Atshaves BP, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Human FABP1 T94A variant impacts fatty acid metabolism and PPAR-α activation in cultured human female hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G164-76. [PMID: 24875102 PMCID: PMC4101680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although human liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP1) T94A variant has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and reduced ability of fenofibrate to lower serum triglycerides (TG) to target levels, molecular events leading to this phenotype are poorly understood. Cultured primary hepatocytes from female human subjects expressing the FABP1 T94A variant exhibited increased neutral lipid (TG, cholesteryl ester) accumulation associated with (1) upregulation of total FABP1, a key protein stimulating mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), the rate-limiting enzyme in lipogenesis; (2) increased mRNA expression of key enzymes in lipogenesis (GPAM, LPIN2) in heterozygotes; (3) decreased mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; (4) increased secretion of ApoB100 but not TG; (5) decreased long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) β-oxidation. TG accumulation was not due to any increase in LCFA uptake, de novo lipogenesis, or the alternate monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase pathway in lipogenesis. Despite increased expression of total FABP1 mRNA and protein, fenofibrate-mediated FABP1 redistribution to nuclei and ligand-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) transcription of LCFA β-oxidative enzymes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl) were attenuated in FABP1 T94A hepatocytes. Although the phenotype of FABP1 T94A variant human hepatocytes exhibits some similarities to that of FABP1-null or PPAR-α-null hepatocytes and mice, expression of FABP1 T94A variant did not abolish or reduce ligand binding. Thus the FABP1 T94A variant represents an altered/reduced function mutation resulting in TG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | | | | | - Danilo Landrock
- Pathobiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Barbara P Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ann B Kier
- Pathobiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
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Chu MP, Klopfenstein BJ, Krisky CM, Urbanski HF, Rooney WD, Kohama SG, Purnell JQ. Intrahepatic lipid, not visceral or muscle fat, is correlated with insulin resistance in older, female rhesus macaques. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2021-8. [PMID: 23408675 PMCID: PMC3661746 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known of the effect of body composition on glucose metabolism in the aging female non-human primate. These variables in older female Rhesus macaques were studied. DESIGN AND METHODS Female Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 19, age range 23-30 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and (1) H spectroscopy to quantify total abdominal fat, visceral fat (VF), subcutaneous fat (SF) area, extramyocellular lipid (EMCL), intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content, and DEXA scan for whole body composition. A subgroup (n = 12) underwent a fasting blood draw and intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS SF correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR ) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), but not after adjustment for fat mass. IHL demonstrated the strongest correlation with HOMAIR , QUICKI and calculated insulin sensitivity index (CSI ), and remained significant after adjustment for fat mass. VF, IMCL, and EMCL did not correlate with any of our measures of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Despite a greater amount of VF compared to SF, VF was not associated with markers of insulin resistance (IR) in the older female monkey. Instead, IHL is a marker for IR in the fasting and post-prandial state in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Casiraghi F, Lertwattanarak R, Luzi L, Chavez AO, Davalli AM, Naegelin T, Comuzzie AG, Frost P, Musi N, Folli F. Energy expenditure evaluation in humans and non-human primates by SenseWear Armband. Validation of energy expenditure evaluation by SenseWear Armband by direct comparison with indirect calorimetry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73651. [PMID: 24069218 PMCID: PMC3777938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare and validate the use of SenseWear Armband (SWA) placed on the arm (SWA ARM) and on the back (SWA BACK) in healthy humans during resting and a cycle-ergometer exercise and to evaluate the SWA to estimate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in healthy baboons. Methods We studied 26 (15F/11M) human subjects wearing SWA in two different anatomical sites (arm and back) during resting and a cycle-ergometer test and directly compared these results with indirect calorimetry evaluation (IC), performed at the same time. We then inserted the SWA in a metabolic jacket for baboons and evaluated the TEE and REE in free living condition for 6 days in 21 (8F/13M) non-human primates. Results In humans we found a good correlation between SWA place on the ARM and on the BACK with IC during the resting experiment (1.1±0.3 SWAs, 1±0.2 IC kcal/min) and a slight underestimation in the SWAs data compared with IC during the cycle-ergometer exercise (5±1.9 SWA ARM, 4.5±1.5 SWA BACK and 5.4±2.1 IC kcal/min). In the non-human primate (baboons) experiment SWA estimated a TEE of 0.54±0.009 kcal/min during free living and a REE of 0.82±0.06 kcal/min. Conclusion SWA, an extremely simple and inexpensive apparatus, provides quite accurate measurements of energy expenditure in humans and in baboons. Energy expenditure data obtained with SWA are highly correlated with the data obtained with “gold standard”, IC, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casiraghi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Raweewan Lertwattanarak
- Department of Medicine/Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto O. Chavez
- Department of Medicine/Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Terry Naegelin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony G. Comuzzie
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gonzalez-Covarrubias V. Lipidomics in longevity and healthy aging. Biogerontology 2013; 14:663-72. [PMID: 23948799 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of classical lipids in aging diseases and human longevity has been widely acknowledged. Triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations are clinically assessed to infer the risk of cardiovascular disease while larger lipoprotein particle size and low triglyceride levels have been identified as markers of human longevity. The rise of lipidomics as a branch of metabolomics has provided an additional layer of accuracy to pinpoint specific lipids and its association with aging diseases and longevity. The molecular composition and concentration of lipid species determine their cellular localization, metabolism, and consequently, their impact in disease and health. For example, low density lipoproteins are the main carriers of sphingomyelins and ceramides, while high density lipoproteins are mostly loaded with ether phosphocholines, partly explaining their opposing roles in atherogenesis. Moreover, the identification of specific lipid species in aging diseases and longevity would aid to clarify how these lipids alter health and influence longevity. For instance, ether phosphocholines PC (O-34:1) and PC (O-34:3) have been positively associated with longevity and negatively with diabetes, and hypertension, but other species of phosphocholines show no effect or an opposite association with these traits confirming the relevance of the identification of molecular lipid species to tackle our understanding of healthy aging and disease. Up-to-date, a minor fraction of the human plasma lipidome has been associated to healthy aging and longevity, further research would pinpoint toward specific lipidomic profiles as potential markers of healthy aging and metabolic diseases.
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Quinn AR, Blanco CL, Perego C, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Capella C, Guardado-Mendoza R, Casiraghi F, Gastaldelli A, Johnson M, Dick EJ, Folli F. The ontogeny of the endocrine pancreas in the fetal/newborn baboon. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:289-99. [PMID: 22723715 PMCID: PMC3686495 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Erratic regulation of glucose metabolism including hyperglycemia is a common condition in premature infants and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine histological and ultrastructural differences in the endocrine pancreas in fetal (throughout gestation) and neonatal baboons. Twelve fetal baboons were delivered at 125 days (d) gestational age (GA), 140d GA, or 175d GA. Eight animals were delivered at term (185d GA); half were fed for 5 days. Seventy-three nondiabetic adult baboons were used for comparison. Pancreatic tissue was studied using light microscopy, confocal imaging, and electron microscopy. The fetal and neonatal endocrine pancreas islet architecture became more organized as GA advanced. The percent areas of α-β-δ-cell type were similar within each fetal and newborn GA (NS) but were higher than the adults (P<0.05) regardless of GA. The ratio of β cells within the islet (whole and core) increased with gestation (P<0.01). Neonatal baboons, which survived for 5 days (feeding), had a 2.5-fold increase in pancreas weight compared with their counterparts killed at birth (P=0.01). Endocrine cells were also found in exocrine ductal and acinar cells in 125, 140 and 175d GA fetuses. Subpopulation of tissue that coexpressed trypsin and glucagon/insulin shows the presence of cells with mixed endo-exocrine lineage in fetuses. In summary, the fetal endocrine pancreas has no prevalence of a α-β-δ-cell type with larger endocrine cell percent areas than adults. Cells with mixed endocrine/exocrine phenotype occur during fetal development. Developmental differences may play a role in glucose homeostasis during the neonatal period and may have long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Cynthia L. Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, Department of Human Morphology, and Centro Insubre di Biotecnologie per la Salute Umana, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, Department of Human Morphology, and Centro Insubre di Biotecnologie per la Salute Umana, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Capella
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, Department of Human Morphology, and Centro Insubre di Biotecnologie per la Salute Umana, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Francesca Casiraghi
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
- Fondazione G. Monasterio and Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marney Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229
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Vaidyanathan V, Bastarrachea RA, Higgins PB, Voruganti VS, Kamath S, DiPatrizio NV, Piomelli D, Comuzzie AG, Parks EJ. Selective cannabinoid-1 receptor blockade benefits fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism significantly in weight-stable nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E624-34. [PMID: 22761159 PMCID: PMC3468508 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00072.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether administration of the CB₁ cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant would alter fatty acid flux in nonhuman primates. Five adult baboons (Papio Sp) aged 12.1 ± 4.7 yr (body weight: 31.9 ± 2.1 kg) underwent repeated metabolic tests to determine fatty acid and TG flux before and after 7 wk of treatment with rimonabant (15 mg/day). Animals were fed ad libitum diets, and stable isotopes were administered via diet (d₃₁-tripalmitin) and intravenously (¹³C₄-palmitate, ¹³C₁-acetate). Plasma was collected in the fed and fasted states, and blood lipids were analyzed by GC-MS. DEXA was used to assess body composition and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp used to assess insulin-mediated glucose disposal. During the study, no changes were observed in food intake, body weight, plasma, and tissue endocannabinoid concentrations or the quantity of liver-TG fatty acids originating from de novo lipogenesis (19 ± 6 vs. 16 ± 5%, for pre- and posttreatment, respectively, P = 0.39). However, waist circumference was significantly reduced 4% in the treated animals (P < 0.04), glucose disposal increased 30% (P = 0.03), and FFA turnover increased 37% (P = 0.02). The faster FFA flux was consistent with a 43% reduction in these fatty acids used for TRL-TG synthesis (40 ± 3 vs. 23 ± 4%, P = 0.02) and a twofold increase in TRL-TG turnover (1.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.4 μmol·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹, P = 0.03). These data support the potential for a strong effect of CB₁ receptor antagonism at the level of adipose tissue, resulting in improvements in fasting turnover of fatty acids at the whole body level, central adipose storage, and significant improvements in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Vaidyanathan
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9052, USA
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