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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Aguilera RI. Pediatric obesity in the United States: Age-period-cohort analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32603. [PMID: 39183830 PMCID: PMC11341345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity among American children aged 2-5 years has reached a historic high. It is crucial to identify the putative sources of population-level increases in obesity prevalence among preschool-aged children because early childhood is a critical window for obesity prevention and thus reduction of future incidence. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis to examine lifecycle (i.e., age), historical (i.e., period), and generational (i.e., cohort) distribution of age- and sex-specific body mass index z-scores (zBMI) among 2-5-year-olds in the U.S. from 1999 to 2018. Our current findings indicate that period effects, rather than differences in groups born at a specific time (i.e., cohort effects), account for almost all of the observed changes in zBMI. We need a broad socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental strategy to counteract the current obesogenic environment that influences children of all ages and generations in order to reach large segments of preschoolers and achieve population-wide improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W. Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Wilkinson College, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- The Earl Babbie Research Center, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Psychology Program, College of Health and Community Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
- Institute of Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne I. Aguilera
- Department of Sociology, Wilkinson College, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- The Earl Babbie Research Center, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Weffort VRS, Ued FDV, Ferraz IS, Contini AA, Martinez EZ, Ciampo LAD. What causes obesity in children and adolescents? J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100 Suppl 1:S48-S56. [PMID: 37918812 PMCID: PMC10960191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fábio da V Ued
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan S Ferraz
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea A Contini
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Social, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Del Ciampo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Bokor S, Csölle I, Felső R, Vass RA, Funke S, Ertl T, Molnár D. Dietary nutrients during gestation cause obesity and related metabolic changes by altering DNA methylation in the offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1287255. [PMID: 38449848 PMCID: PMC10916691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1287255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that maternal nutrition from preconception until lactation has an important effect on the development of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. Biological responses to environmental stress during pregnancy, including undernutrition or overnutrition of various nutrients, are transmitted in part by DNA methylation. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize literature data on altered DNA methylation patterns caused by maternal macronutrient or vitamin intake and its association with offspring's phenotype (obesity and related metabolic changes). With our literature search, we found evidence for the association between alterations in DNA methylation pattern of different genes caused by maternal under- or overnutrition of several nutrients (protein, fructose, fat, vitamin D, methyl-group donor nutrients) during 3 critical periods of programming (preconception, pregnancy, lactation) and the development of obesity or related metabolic changes (glucose, insulin, lipid, leptin, adiponectin levels, blood pressure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) in offspring. The review highlights that maternal consumption of several nutrients could individually affect the development of offspring's obesity and related metabolic changes via alterations in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Bokor
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csölle
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Regina Felső
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka A. Vass
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magyar Imre Hospital Ajka, Ajka, Hungary
| | - Simone Funke
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Ertl
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Schreuder A, Börnhorst C, Wolters M, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Sina E, Russo P, Moreno LA, Molnar D, Lissner L, De Henauw S, Ahrens W, Vrijkotte T. Population trajectories and age-dependent associations of obesity risk factors with body mass index from childhood to adolescence across European regions: A two-cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13088. [PMID: 38146220 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate population trajectories of behavioural risk factors of obesity from childhood to adolescence and their associations with body mass index (BMI) in children across European regions. METHODS Data were harmonised between the European multi-centre IDEFICS/I.Family and the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development Cohort. Participants were aged 2.0-9.9 and 5.0-7.5 years at baseline, respectively, and were followed until age 18 years. Behavioural risk factors of interest included diet, physical activity, media use and sleep. Mixed effects models were used for statistical analyses to account for repeated measurements taken from the same child. RESULTS The study included a total of 14 328 individuals: 4114, 4582, 3220 and 2412 participants from Northern, Southern, Eastern Europe and Amsterdam, respectively. Risk factor means and prevalences changed with age, but the trajectories were mostly similar across regions. Almost no associations between behavioural factors and BMI were found at the age of 6 years. At 11 years, daily sugar-sweetened foods consumption, use of active transport, sports club membership and longer nocturnal sleep duration were negatively associated with BMI in most regions; positive associations were found with media use. Most associations at 11 years of age persisted to 15 years. CONCLUSIONS Whilst population trajectories of media use and nocturnal sleep duration are similar across European regions, those of other behavioural risk factors like active transport and daily vegetable consumption differ. Also, associations between behavioural risk factors and BMI become stronger with age and show similar patterns across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schreuder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Elida Sina
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tanja Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhu H, Sun S, Contento IR, Koch PA, Yu H. Lipid-focused dietary education intervention in pregnant women: study protocol for an open-label, parallel, randomised, intervention study addressing adverse pregnancy outcomes in China. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076911. [PMID: 38176858 PMCID: PMC10773410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of infants who are large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is on the rise in China, and its detrimental effects on health have received increasing attention. Diet-based interventions have the potential to reduce adverse birth outcomes, particularly in decreasing the occurrence of LGA infants. We aim to evaluate the effect of lipid-focused diet education based on the theories of behaviour change in pregnant women on maternal and offspring outcomes through a randomised controlled trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We have designed an open-label, parallel, multicentre randomised controlled trial in collaboration with three hospitals in Beijing, China.Pregnant women will be recruited before reaching 12 weeks of gestation and will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio into three arms: (1) online education arm, (2) pregnancy nutrition checklist and 'one-page flyer' arm and (3) routine antenatal education. The primary outcome LGA will be recorded at birth. Demographic information, physical activity, sleep and medical history will be collected through questionnaires and case cards prior to enrolment. Questionnaires will also be used to collect dietary behaviours and psychosocial factors of pregnant women at enrolment, at 24-28 weeks and 34-36 weeks of gestation. Additionally, information on breastfeeding and complementary food supplementation for infants and young children will be obtained through questionnaires. Physical development indicators of children and taste tests will be assessed 3 years after delivery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received ethical approval from the Capital Medical University Ethics Committee and other collaborating study centres. Informed consent will be introduced to pregnant women, and their consent will be obtained. The findings will be reported in relevant national and international academic conferences and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2300071126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Gao
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York city, New York, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Isobel R Contento
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York city, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Ann Koch
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York city, New York, USA
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Blanco Sequeiros E, Tuomaala AK, Tabassum R, Bergman PH, Koivusalo SB, Huvinen E. Early ascending growth is associated with maternal lipoprotein profile during mid and late pregnancy and in cord blood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1081-1087. [PMID: 37592059 PMCID: PMC10599999 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrauterine conditions and accelerating early growth are associated with childhood obesity. It is unknown, whether fetal programming affects the early growth and could alterations in the maternal-fetal metabolome be the mediating mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between maternal and cord blood metabolite profile and offspring early growth. METHODS The RADIEL study recruited 724 women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and/or prior GDM) before or in early pregnancy. Blood samples were collected once in each trimester, and from cord. Metabolomics were analyzed by targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Following up on offsprings' first 2 years growth, we discovered 3 distinct growth profiles (ascending n = 80, intermediate n = 346, and descending n = 146) by using latent class mixed models (lcmm). RESULTS From the cohort of mother-child dyads with available growth profile data (n = 572), we have metabolomic data from 232 mothers from 1st trimester, 271 from 2nd trimester, 277 from 3rd trimester and 345 from cord blood. We have data on 220 metabolites in each trimester and 70 from cord blood. In each trimester of pregnancy, the mothers of the ascending group showed higher levels of VLDL and LDL particles, and lower levels of HDL particles (p < 0.05). When adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, sex, delivery mode, and maternal smoking, there was an association with ascending profile and 2nd trimester total cholesterol in HDL2, 3rd trimester total cholesterol in HDL2 and in HDL, VLDL size and ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides (TG/PG ratio) in cord blood (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION Ascending early growth was associated with lower maternal total cholesterol in HDL in 2nd and 3rd trimester, and higher VLDL size and more adverse TG/PG ratio in cord blood. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www. CLINICALTRIALS com , NCT01698385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Blanco Sequeiros
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Soite Children's Hospital, Kokkola, Finland.
| | - Anna-Kaisa Tuomaala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubina Tabassum
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula H Bergman
- Biostatistics Consulting, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila B Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Huvinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Jin WY, Chen XY, Han T, Jin Y, Chen TT, Wang ZH, Zhao ZY, Zhu ZW. Associations between cord blood metabolic factors and early-childhood growth and overweight and obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1164747. [PMID: 37497350 PMCID: PMC10366685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This prospective cohort study was aimed at investigating the associations between cord blood metabolic factors and early-childhood growth, further elucidating the relationships between cord blood metabolites and overweight and obesity in early life. Methods A total of 2,267 pairs of mothers and offspring were recruited in our study. Cord blood plasma was assayed for triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), C-peptide, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C (HbA1c) levels. Data of anthropometric measurements were collected from offspring at birth, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the correlations between cord blood metabolic factors and weight Z-scores, body mass index (BMI) Z-scores, and weight gains at the early stage of life. Forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied to explore the associations between cord blood metabolic factors and early-childhood overweight and obesity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were applied to determine the optimal cutoff points for cord blood metabolic factors in predicting early-childhood overweight and obesity. Results After adjustments for covariates, cord blood TG concentrations and TG/TC ratios were negatively associated with weight Z-scores from birth to 18 months. Cord blood C-peptide and HbA1c levels were inversely associated with weight Z-scores at 6 months and 18 months. Cord blood TG concentrations and TG/TC ratios were negatively correlated with BMI Z-scores up to 18 months. Cord blood C-peptide levels and HbA1c levels were inversely correlated with BMI Z-scores at 18 months. Cord blood TG, TG/TC ratios, C-peptide, and HbA1c had negative correlations with weight gains from birth to 6 months, but the correlations attenuated as time went on. Increase in cord blood TG and HbA1c levels and TG/TC ratios were significantly associated with decreased risks of overweight and obesity at 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Conclusions Cord blood metabolic factors were significantly associated with early-childhood growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Jin
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Department of Genetic and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Naomi R, Rusli RNM, Teoh SH, Bahari H, Zakaria ZA. Remodulation Effect of Elateriospermum tapos Yoghurt on Metabolic Profile of Maternal Obesity Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Offspring-An In Vivo Trial on Sprague Dawley Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081613. [PMID: 37107408 PMCID: PMC10137489 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy weight gain induces dysregulation in the metabolic profile of the offspring, thereby serving as a key factor for cognitive decline and anxiety status in the offspring. However, early probiotic supplementation during the gestational period is linked with improved metabolic health. At the same time, a natural plant known as Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) is proven to improve cognition and modulate the stress hormone due to its high concentration of flavonoids. However, the effects of medicinal plant integrated probiotics in F1 generations warrants further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to study the effect of E. tapos yoghurt on the maternal obesity induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety in female offspring. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed with normal chow (n = 8) or high fat diet (n = 40) across pre-pregnancy, gestation, and weaning. The treatment with different concentrations of E. tapos yoghurt (5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day) were initiated in the obese dams upon post coitum day 0 up to postnatal day 21 (PND 21). Female offspring were weaned on PND 21 and body mass index, waist circumference, lee index, behavior, metabolic parameter, and antioxidant status were analyzed. The result shows that the female offspring of the 500 mg/kg E. tapos yoghurt supplemented group shows a decreased level of insulin, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, low fat tissue mass with a high level of HDL, and an increased level of antioxidant status in the hypothalamus. The behavioral assessment proves that the female offspring of the 500 mg/kg E. tapos yoghurt supplemented group exhibits a high recognition index on novel object/place with low anxiety-like behavior in an open field test. In conclusion, our data signify the beneficial effect of early intervention in obese dams on the transgenerational impact on female offspring's metabolic profile, cognitive performance, and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sabah Universiti Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rusydatul Nabila Mahmad Rusli
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sabah Universiti Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Francis EC, Kechris K, Jansson T, Dabelea D, Perng W. Novel Metabolic Subtypes in Pregnant Women and Risk of Early Childhood Obesity in Offspring. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e237030. [PMID: 37014638 PMCID: PMC10074224 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The in utero metabolic milieu is associated with offspring adiposity. Standard definitions of maternal obesity (according to prepregnancy body mass index [BMI]) and gestational diabetes (GDM) may not be adequate to capture subtle yet important differences in the intrauterine environment that could be involved in programming. Objectives To identify maternal metabolic subgroups during pregnancy and to examine associations of subgroup classification with adiposity traits in their children. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included mother-offspring pairs in the Healthy Start prebirth cohort (enrollment: 2010-2014) recruited from University of Colorado Hospital obstetrics clinics in Aurora, Colorado. Follow-up of women and children is ongoing. Data were analyzed from March to December 2022. Exposures Metabolic subtypes of pregnant women ascertained by applying k-means clustering on 7 biomarkers and 2 biomarker indices measured at approximately 17 gestational weeks: glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA), HDL-C:triglycerides ratio, and tumor necrosis factor α. Main Outcomes and Measures Offspring birthweight z score and neonatal fat mass percentage (FM%). In childhood at approximately 5 years of age, offspring BMI percentile, FM%, BMI in the 95th percentile or higher, and FM% in the 95th percentile or higher. Results A total of 1325 pregnant women (mean [SD] age, 27.8 [6.2 years]; 322 [24.3%] Hispanic, 207 non-Hispanic Black [15.6%], and 713 [53.8%] non-Hispanic White), and 727 offspring with anthropometric data measured in childhood (mean [SD] age 4.81 [0.72] years, 48% female) were included. We identified the following 5 maternal metabolic subgroups: reference (438 participants), high HDL-C (355 participants), dyslipidemic-high triglycerides (182 participants), dyslipidemic-high FFA (234 participants), and insulin resistant (IR)-hyperglycemic (116 participants). Compared with the reference subgroup, women in the IR-hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic-high FFA subgroups had offspring with 4.27% (95% CI, 1.94-6.59) and 1.96% (95% CI, 0.45-3.47) greater FM% during childhood, respectively. There was a higher risk of high FM% among offspring of the IR-hyperglycemic (relative risk, 8.7; 95% CI, 2.7-27.8) and dyslipidemic-high FFA (relative risk, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0-11.3) subgroups; this risk was of greater magnitude compared with prepregnancy obesity alone, GDM alone, or both conditions. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, an unsupervised clustering approach revealed distinct metabolic subgroups of pregnant women. These subgroups exhibited differences in risk of offspring adiposity in early childhood. Such approaches have the potential to refine understanding of the in utero metabolic milieu, with utility for capturing variation in sociocultural, anthropometric, and biochemical risk factors for offspring adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Francis
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katerina Kechris
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Wei Perng
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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Øyri LKL, Christensen JJ, Sebert S, Thoresen M, Michelsen TM, Ulven SM, Brekke HK, Retterstøl K, Brantsæter AL, Magnus P, Bogsrud MP, Holven KB. Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Med 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36747215 PMCID: PMC9903496 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring's growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. METHODS This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). RESULTS Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn K L Øyri
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1122, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Michelsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde K Brekke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Heslehurst N, McParlin C, Sniehotta FF, Rankin J, McColl E. Midwives' survey of their weight management practice before and after the GLOWING guideline implementation intervention: A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280624. [PMID: 36662826 PMCID: PMC9858407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal weight management is a priority due to pregnancy risks for women and babies. Interventions significantly improve maternal diet, physical activity, weight, and pregnancy outcomes. There are complex barriers to midwives' implementation of guidelines; low self-efficacy is a core implementation barrier. The GLOWING intervention uses social cognitive theory (SCT) to address evidence-based barriers to practice. The intervention aimed to support midwives' implementation of guidelines. METHODS An external rehearsal pilot cluster randomised controlled trial in four NHS Trusts (clusters) in England, UK. Clusters were randomised to intervention (where all eligible midwives received the intervention) or control (no intervention delivered) arms. A random sample of 100 midwives were invited to complete questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. UK guideline recommendations relating to midwives' practice were categorised into: 1) communication-related behaviours (including weight- and risk-communication), and 2) support/intervention-related behaviours (including diet/nutrition, physical activity, weight management, referrals/signposting). Questionnaires were developed using SCT constructs (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, intentions, behaviours) and 7-point Likert scale, converted to a 0-100 scale. Higher scores were more positive. Descriptive statistics compared intervention and control arms, pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Seventy-four midwives consented and 68 returned questionnaires. Pre-intervention, self-efficacy for support/intervention-related behaviours scored lowest. In controls, there was limited difference between the pre- and post-intervention scores. Post-intervention, mean (SD) scores were consistently higher among intervention midwives than controls, particularly for support/intervention self-efficacy (71.4 (17.1) vs. 58.4 (20.1)). Mean (SD) self-efficacy was higher post-intervention than pre-intervention for all outcomes among intervention midwives, and consistently higher than controls. Mean differences pre- and post-intervention were greatest for support/intervention self-efficacy (17.92, 95% CI 7.78-28.07) and intentions (12.68, 95% CI 2.76-22.59). Self-efficacy was particularly increased for diet/nutrition and physical activity (MD 24.77, 95% CI 14.09-35.44) and weight management (18.88, 95% CI 7.88-29.88) behaviours, which showed the largest increase in scores. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the theoretical models used to develop GLOWING, where low self-efficacy was a core implementation barrier. Results suggest that GLOWING successfully targets self-efficacy, potentially with a positive impact on guideline implementation. A definitive trial is required to determine effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN46869894, retrospectively registered 25/05/2016, http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN46869894.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Heslehurst
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McParlin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Falko F. Sniehotta
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine McColl
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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12
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Isabel C, Faro Rebecca V, Vrijkotte TGM, Theodorus Bartholomeus T. Early pregnancy triglycerides and not fructosamine are associated with birth weight (with foetal sexual dimorphism). Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13896. [PMID: 36327143 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated whether maternal triglycerides (TGs) or fructosamine (measured in early pregnancy) predominantly contribute to birth weight (BW), in a foetal sexual dimorphism. METHODS Analysis of data from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort study (total n = 3514). Maternal nonfasting TGs and fructosamine were determined in early gestation (median 13 weeks). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine whether maternal TGs or fructosamine was associated with BW-small for gestational age (SGA)-large for gestational age (LGA) and whether it was sex-dependent. RESULTS With each 1 mmol/L increase in TGs, BW increased significantly by 81.7 g. This increase was larger with boys (107.3 g; 95% CI 66-148) than girls (60.5 g; 95% CI 23.6-97.4). No association was found with fructosamine. When including different covariates (gestational age at blood sampling, total duration of pregnancy, maternal height, age, parity, ethnicity, educational level, smoking, alcohol, and pre-pregnancy BMI), 29% of the variance in BW can be explained. Adding fructosamine to this model gave no added value in predicting BW, in contrast to adding TGs (R2 raised from 0.292 to 0.299, p < .001). The odds of a newborn LGA with higher maternal TG were increased (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.0), in contrast to fructosamine. CONCLUSIONS Maternal TGs were more dominant (compared to fructosamine) in its association with BW (measured in early physiological pregnancy) and more prominently present when carrying a male foetus. These remarkable observations warrant more future research, especially in obese patients at risk for gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinck Isabel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, AZ Monica, Antwerp, Belgium.,Internal Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Verelst Faro Rebecca
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, AZ Monica, Antwerp, Belgium.,Internal Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Twickler Theodorus Bartholomeus
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, AZ Monica, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Antoniou MC, Quansah DY, Mühlberg S, Gilbert L, Arhab A, Schenk S, Lacroix A, Stuijfzand B, Horsch A, Puder JJ. Maternal and fetal predictors of anthropometry in the first year of life in offspring of women with GDM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1144195. [PMID: 37056671 PMCID: PMC10086315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) carries an increased risk for adverse perinatal and longer-term cardiometabolic consequences in offspring. This study evaluated the utility of maternal anthropometric, metabolic and fetal (cord blood) parameters to predict offspring anthropometry up to 1 year in pregnancies with GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective analysis of the MySweetheart study, we included 193/211 women with GDM that were followed up to 1 year postpartum. Maternal predictors included anthropometric (pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), weight and fat mass at the 1st GDM visit), and metabolic parameters (fasting insulin and glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), HbA1c, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at the 1st visit and HbA1c at the end of pregnancy). Fetal predictors (N=46) comprised cord blood glucose and insulin, C-Peptide, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and HDL. Offspring outcomes were anthropometry at birth (weight/weight z-score, BMI, small and large for gestational age (SGA,LGA)), 6-8 weeks and 1 year (weight z-score, BMI/BMI z-score, and the sum of 4 skinfolds). RESULTS In multivariate analyses, birth anthropometry (weight, weight z-score, BMI and/or LGA), was positively associated with cord blood HDL and HbA1c at the 1st GDM visit, and negatively with maternal QUICKI and HDL at the 1st GDM visit (all p ≤ 0.045). At 6-8 weeks, offspring BMI was positively associated with GWG and cord blood insulin, whereas the sum of skinfolds was negatively associated with HDL at the 1st GDM visit (all p ≤0.023). At 1 year, weight z-score, BMI, BMI z-score, and/or the sum of skinfolds were positively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal weight, and fat mass at the 1st GDM visit and 3rd trimester HbA1c (all p ≤ 0.043). BMI z-score and/or the sum of skinfolds were negatively associated with cord blood C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR (all p ≤0.041). DISCUSSION Maternal anthropometric, metabolic, and fetal metabolic parameters independently affected offspring anthropometry during the 1st year of life in an age-dependent manner. These results show the complexity of pathophysiological mechanism for the developing offspring and could represent a base for future personalized follow-up of women with GDM and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Antoniou
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Pediatric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Yedu Quansah
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Mühlberg
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leah Gilbert
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amar Arhab
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Schenk
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Lacroix
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bobby Stuijfzand
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neonatology Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jardena Jacqueline Puder
- Obstetric Service, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jardena Jacqueline Puder,
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14
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Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy is associated with overweight and obesity in children up to 16 years of age. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275542. [PMID: 36201557 PMCID: PMC9536626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Childhood obesity is an increasing public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and body mass index in children up to the age of 16 years, and to estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in a rural municipality in Sweden. METHODS The study population comprised 312 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics in Lidköping during the year 1999 and their 319 children. Data on body mass index from antenatal clinics, child health care centres and school health care were used in linear and multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, and parity. RESULTS Overweight or obesity were found in 23.0% of 16-year-olds. The correlation between maternal and child body mass index at all studied ages was positive and significant. Body mass index in 16-year-old boys showed the strongest correlation with maternal body mass index (adjusted r-square = 0.31). The adjusted relative-risk ratio for 16-year old children to be classified as obese as compared to normal weight, per 1 unit increase in maternal body mass index was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.29-1.65, p<0.001). Among adolescents with obesity, 37.6% had been overweight or obese at 4 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the correlation between maternal and child body mass index and that obesity can be established early in childhood. Further, we showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, especially in boys, in a Swedish rural municipality. This suggests a need for early intervention in the preventive work of childhood obesity, preferably starting at the antenatal clinic and in child health care centres.
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15
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Baas RE, Hutten BA, Henrichs J, Vrijkotte TGM. Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring's Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4048-e4057. [PMID: 35861593 PMCID: PMC9516046 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is increasing evidence that intrauterine lipid metabolism influences the adiposity of the newborn and the first years thereafter. It remains unclear if these effects persist when these children grow older. OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations between maternal lipid blood levels during the 13th week of pregnancy and an offspring's adiposity, measured at age 11-12, and if these associations were moderated by the child's sex. METHODS Data were obtained from a community-based birth cohort, the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. At a median of 13 weeks' gestation, nonfasting blood samples of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFAs), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1) were measured. An offspring's body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat (SCF), waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR), and fat percentage (fat%) were measured at age 11-12. Mothers with at-term born children were included (n = 1853). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between maternal lipids and each offspring's adiposity outcome separately. Sex differences were additionally evaluated. RESULTS TGs, TC, ApoB/ApoA1, and FFAs were significantly positively associated with BMI, WHtR, and fat% (adjusted for gestational age at blood sampling, child's age, sex, and sexual maturation). After additional adjustments for potential confounders and covariates, only TGs remained significantly associated with WHtR (0.45, 95% CI -0.007; 0.91). There were no associations between maternal lipids and SCF and no clear sex-specific results were found. CONCLUSION Overall, our results do not strongly support that maternal lipid profile during the 13th week of pregnancy has programming effects on adiposity in preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Baas
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara A Hutten
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Henrichs
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Correspondence: Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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16
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Buck CO, Shabanova V, Taylor SN. Growth patterns among late preterm infants of mothers with diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:10116-10123. [PMID: 36075588 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to diabetes mellitus during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Limited information exists regarding growth patterns among preterm infants exposed to maternal diabetes. This study describes growth differences during early childhood among late preterm infants of mothers with and without diabetes during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective longitudinal analysis, weight trajectories from birth to age 2 years were compared between diabetes exposure groups (N = 1554) using mixed effects modeling and adjusting for maternal and infant demographic covariates. RESULTS Overall, 134 (9%) infants were exposed to diabetes (DM-group). DM-group had higher average weight (adjusted difference 300 g [95% CI: 228, 371]) and weight z-score (adjusted difference 0.67 standard deviation scores (SDS) [95% CI: 0.50, 0.84]) compared with unexposed infants. DM-group infants had accelerated weight gain from birth to discharge (adjusted weight difference 31.8 g [95% CI: 12.5, 51.1], adjusted weight z-score difference 0.07 SDS [95% CI: 0.02, 0.11]) compared with unexposed infants, including in the first postnatal week (adjusted weight gain velocity difference, day 0-3: 6.07 g/day [95% CI: 0.88, 11.25]; day 3-7: 8.37 g/day [95% CI: 1.60, 15.13]). Through age two, infants in the DM-group maintained higher average weight (adjusted difference 185.7 g [95% CI: 37.2, 334.3]) and weight z-score (adjusted difference 0.32 SDS [95% CI: 0.09, 0.55]) than unexposed infants, with greater weight gain between 18 and 24 months (adjusted difference 28.5 g/week [95% CI: 2.6, 54.4]). CONCLUSIONS Maternal diabetes exposed late preterm infants had higher weight from birth to age two and greater weight gain in the first postnatal week than unexposed infants. Long term risk associated with weight trajectories in this population requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O Buck
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Sarah N Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Chaves AB, Zheng D, Johnson JA, Bergman BC, Patinkin ZW, Zaegel V, Biagioni EM, Krassovskaia P, Broskey NT, May LE, Dabelea D, Houmard JA, Boyle KE. Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insulin Action Is Associated With Maternal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Independent of Obesity Status: The Healthy Start Study. Diabetes 2022; 71:1649-1659. [PMID: 35621990 PMCID: PMC9490356 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical rodent and nonhuman primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of insulin resistance in offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight or mothers with obesity. Insulin-stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro. There was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFAs displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSCs, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jonathan A. Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zachary W. Patinkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Vincent Zaegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ericka M. Biagioni
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Polina Krassovskaia
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Nicholas T. Broskey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Linda E. May
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
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18
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Rasmussen JM, Thompson PM, Gyllenhammer LE, Lindsay KL, O'Connor TG, Koletzko B, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD, Buss C. Maternal free fatty acid concentration during pregnancy is associated with newborn hypothalamic microstructure in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1462-1471. [PMID: 35785481 PMCID: PMC9541037 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis, in a prospective cohort study design, that maternal saturated free fatty acid (sFFA) concentration during pregnancy is prospectively associated with offspring (newborn) hypothalamic (HTH) microstructure and to explore the functional relevance of this association with respect to early-childhood body fat percentage (BF%). METHODS In N = 94 healthy newborns (born mean 39.3 [SD 1.5] weeks gestation), diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed shortly after birth (25.3 [12.5] postnatal days), and a subgroup (n = 37) underwent a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan in early childhood (4.7 [SD 0.7] years). Maternal sFFA concentration during pregnancy was quantified in fasting blood samples via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Infant HTH microstructural integrity was characterized using mean diffusivity (MD). Multiple linear regression was used to test the association between maternal sFFA and HTH MD, accounting for newborn sex, age at scan, mean white matter MD, and image quality. Multiple linear regression models also tested the association between HTH MD and early-childhood BF%, accounting for breastfeeding status. RESULTS Maternal sFFA during pregnancy accounted for 8.3% of the variation in newborn HTH MD (β-std = 0.25; p = 0.006). Furthermore, newborn HTH MD prospectively accounted for 15% of the variation in early-childhood BF% (β-std = 0.32; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal overnutrition during pregnancy may influence the development of the fetal hypothalamus, which, in turn, may have clinical relevance for childhood obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M. Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen L. Lindsay
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- University of California, Irvine Susan Samueli Integrative Health InstituteCollege of Health Sciences, University of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas G. O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's HospitalLudwig‐Maximillian University Munich, University HospitalsMunichGermany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Medical PsychologyCharité University Hospital Berlin, corporate member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt‐University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Medical PsychologyCharité University Hospital Berlin, corporate member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt‐University of BerlinBerlinGermany
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19
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Associations of Cord Blood Lipids with Childhood Adiposity at the Age of Three Years: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060522. [PMID: 35736455 PMCID: PMC9231066 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the associations between cord blood lipids and childhood adiposity and to investigate whether these associations vary across birth weight categories (small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA)) in 1306 infants in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China. Adiposity outcomes at the age of three years included z-scores of weight-for-length/height (WFLZ), body mass index (BMIZ), subscapular (SSTZ) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSTZ), and the sum of skinfold thicknesses (SSFTZ). Cord blood triglycerides (TG) levels were negatively associated with WFLZ and BMIZ, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were positively associated with WFLZ, BMIZ, TSTZ and SSFTZ. These associations were attenuated after adjustment for birth weight. Stratified analyses revealed that total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were positively associated with childhood adiposity indicators among AGA infants but tended to be negatively associated with the adiposity indicators among LGA infants (p values for interaction <0.05). Furthermore, TG levels appeared to be positively associated with adiposity indicators among SGA infants but negatively associated with the outcomes among LGA infants (p values for interaction <0.05). Cord blood lipids levels might be associated with childhood adiposity, and these associations appear to differ across different birth weight categories. If confirmed in future studies, our findings suggest that individualized management plans might be warranted in preventing obesity.
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20
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Buck CO, Montgomery AM. Long-Term Impact of Early Nutritional Management. Clin Perinatol 2022; 49:461-474. [PMID: 35659097 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O Buck
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Angela M Montgomery
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. https://twitter.com/amontgom09
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21
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Dumolt JH, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Gestational hypercholesterolemia programs hepatic steatosis in a sex-specific manner in ApoE-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108945. [PMID: 35016999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC), a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy, may influence offspring hepatic lipid metabolism and increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As NAFLD is characterized by a sexual dimorphic response, we assessed whether early-life exposure to excessive cholesterol influences the development of NAFLD in offspring and whether this occurs in a sex-specific manner. Female apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to a control (CON) or a high cholesterol (CH; 0.15%) diet prior to breeding. At parturition, a cross-fostering approach was used to establish three groups: (1) normal cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CON-CON); (2) excessive cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CH-CH); and (3) excessive cholesterol exposure in the gestation period only (CH-CON). Adult male offspring (PND 84) exposed to excessive cholesterol during gestation only (CH-CON) demonstrated hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and reduced lipogenic gene expression. However, male mice with a prolonged cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CH-CH) had a similar, but not exacerbated hepatic response. Further, with the exception of higher serum TG in adult CH-CH females, evidence for a programming effect in female offspring was largely absent in comparison with males. These results indicate a sexual dimorphic response with respect to the effect of MHC on later life hepatic steatosis and highlight the gestation period as the most influential malprogramming window for hepatic lipid dysfunction in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight quandaries and review options for the management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) during pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS Women with FH face barriers to effective care and consequently face significant disease related long term morbidity and mortality.Pregnancy includes major maternal physiological changes resulting in exacerbation of maternal hypercholesterolemia compounded by the current practice of cessation or reduction in the dose of lipid-lowering therapy during pregnancy and lactation that may impact short and long term cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although lipoprotein apheresis is the treatment of choice for high- risk FH patients, reassuring safety evidence for the use of statins during pregnancy is mounting rapidly. However, it will be some time before subtle effects on the development of the offspring can be definitively excluded. Women with homozygous FH or with an established atherosclerotic vessel or aortic disease should be offered therapy with statins during pregnancy if lipoprotein apheresis is not readily available. Pregnancy outcomes tend to be favourable in women with FH. We have reviewed the currently available evidence regarding the risks and benefits of treatment options for FH during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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23
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Heslehurst N, Flynn AC, Ngongalah L, McParlin C, Dalrymple KV, Best KE, Rankin J, McColl E. Diet, Physical Activity and Gestational Weight Gain Patterns among Pregnant Women Living with Obesity in the North East of England: The GLOWING Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:1981. [PMID: 34207613 PMCID: PMC8227571 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet, physical activity (PA) behaviours, and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important for optimum health of women and their babies. This secondary analysis of the GLOWING pilot cluster trial explored these among women living with obesity in high deprivation. Pregnant women completed food frequency, PA and psychosocial questionnaires. Weights were retrieved from medical records and measured during routine appointments with midwives. Descriptive and regression analyses were stratified by obesity class. A total of 163 women were recruited; 54.0% had class 1 obesity, 25.8% class 2, 20.2% class 3, and 76.1% lived in the two most deprived quintiles. Women had suboptimal dietary intake, particularly for oily fish, fruit and vegetables. PA was predominantly light intensity, from household, care and occupational activities. Most women gained weight outside of Institute of Medicine (IOM) guideline recommendations (87.8%); women in class 3 obesity were most likely to have inadequate GWG below IOM recommendations (58.3%, p < 0.01) and reduced odds of excessive GWG compared with class 1 (AOR 0.13, 95% 0.04-0.45). Deprived women with obesity have a double inequality as both increase pregnancy risks. This population requires support to meet guideline recommendations for diet, PA and GWG. Further research exploring obesity classes would inform policies and care to achieve the best pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Heslehurst
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (L.N.); (J.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Angela C. Flynn
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (A.C.F.); (K.V.D.)
| | - Lem Ngongalah
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (L.N.); (J.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Catherine McParlin
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Sutherland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Kathryn V. Dalrymple
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (A.C.F.); (K.V.D.)
| | - Kate E. Best
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Judith Rankin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (L.N.); (J.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Elaine McColl
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (L.N.); (J.R.); (E.M.)
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24
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Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:161-167. [PMID: 33941308 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association. The study included mother-offspring pairs from three Pelotas birth cohorts. Offspring cardiometabolic risk factors were collected in the last follow-up of each cohort [mean age (in years) 30.2, 22.6, 10.9]. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic device, cholesterol by using an enzymatic colorimetric method, and glucose from fingertip blood, using a portable glucose meter. In a pooled analysis of the cohorts, multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding. Mediation analysis was conducted using G-computation formula. In the adjusted model, mean systolic blood pressure of offspring from overweight and obese mothers was on average 1.25 (95% CI: 0.45; 2.05) and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.66; 3.59) mmHg higher than that of offspring from normal-weight mothers; for diastolic blood pressure, the means were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.26; 1.34) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.62; 3.59) mmHg higher, respectively. Non-HDL cholesterol was positively associated with maternal BMI, whereas blood glucose was not associated. Mediation analyses showed that offspring BMI explained completely the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Our findings suggest that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with offspring blood pressure, and blood lipids, and this association is explained by offspring BMI.
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25
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Rossiter C, Cheng H, Appleton J, Campbell KJ, Denney-Wilson E. Addressing obesity in the first 1000 days in high risk infants: Systematic review. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13178. [PMID: 33780128 PMCID: PMC8189222 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early intervention is critical for addressing the challenge of childhood obesity. Yet many preventive interventions do not target infants most at risk of future overweight or obesity. This systematic review examines interventions delivered before 2 years that aim to ameliorate excess weight gain among infants at high risk of overweight or obesity, due to sociodemographic characteristics, parental weight or health status, infant feeding or health behaviours. We searched six databases for interventions: (a) delivered before age two, (b) specifically aimed at infants at high risk of childhood obesity and (c) that reported outcomes by weight status beyond 28 days. The search identified over 27,000 titles, and 49 papers from 38 studies met inclusion criteria: 10 antenatal interventions, 16 postnatal and 12 conducted both before and after birth. Nearly all targeted infant and/or maternal nutrition. Studies varied widely in design, obesity risk factors, outcomes and quality. Overall, nine interventions of varying quality reported some evidence of significantly improved child weight trajectory, although effects tended to diminish over time. Interventions that improved weight outcomes tended to engage parents for a longer period, and most offered health professional input and support. Two studies of limited quality reported significantly worse weight outcomes in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rossiter
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heilok Cheng
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Appleton
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tresillian Family Care Centres, Belmore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Denney-Wilson
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Zheng W, Zhang L, Tian Z, Zhang L, Liang X, Li G. Establishing reference ranges of serum lipid level during pregnancy and evaluating its association with perinatal outcomes: A cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 156:361-369. [PMID: 33544888 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish trimester-specific reference intervals (TSRIs) for blood lipid profiles in Chinese women and explore their associations with pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Participants were women with singleton pregnancies aged 18-45 years without pre-existing chronic diseases who delivered from January 2018 to December 2018 from an ongoing cohort in Beijing, China. Baseline information and pregnancy outcomes were from the medical records. Blood lipid levels were measured at 7-13, 24-28, and 32-34 weeks of pregnancy. We estimated TSRIs for lipid profiles using an indirect Hoffmann method and evaluated their associations with pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, low birth weight, large or small for gestational age, and preterm delivery. RESULTS The established TSRIs were 3.21-5.38, 4.64-7.56, and 4.86-8.20 mmol/L for total cholesterol; 0.37-1.81, 1.14-3.49, and 1.61-4.63 mmol/L for triglycerides; 1.12-2.19, 1.33-2.49, and 1.24 2.31 mmol/L for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.33-2.98,1.97-4.36, and 2.02-4.92 mmol/L for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from first trimeseter to third trimester, respectively. Both higher and lower levels of lipid profiles than TSRIs were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION We suggested TSRIs for blood lipid levels in a Chinese population. Inappropriate lipid levels were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirui Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Influence of maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status on offspring anthropometric measurements and body composition in three Brazilian Birth Cohorts. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:882-894. [PMID: 33261702 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at evaluating the association of maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status with offspring anthropometry and body composition. We also evaluated whether these associations were modified by gender, diet and physical activity and mediated by birth weight. DESIGN Birth cohort study. SETTING Waist circumference was measured with an inextensible tape, and fat and lean mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for possible confounders and allele score of BMI. We carried out mediation analysis using G-formula. PARTICIPANTS In 1982, 1993 and 2004, all maternity hospitals in Pelotas (South Brazil) were visited daily and all live births whose families lived in the urban area of the city were evaluated. These subjects have been followed up at different ages. RESULTS Offspring of obese mothers had on average higher BMI, waist circumference and fat mass index than those of normal weight mothers, and these differences were higher among daughters. The magnitudes of the association were similar in the cohorts, except for height, where the association pattern was not clear. In the 1982 cohort, further adjustment for a BMI allele score had no material influence on the magnitude of the associations. Mediation analyses showed that birth weight captured part of this association. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status is positively associated with offspring BMI and adiposity in offspring. And this association is higher among daughters whose mother was overweight or obese and, birth weight explains part of this association.
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28
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Vard B, Adham A, Riahi R, Karimi G, Esmail Motlagh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of early life factors with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:349-358. [PMID: 33312930 PMCID: PMC7722995 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal/infancy factors and lipid profile in children and adolescents. Methods: This multicentric national study was conducted in 30 provinces in Iran. It comprised 4200 participants, aged 7-18 years, from the fifth survey of a national surveillance program. History regarding birth weight, as well as the type of consumed milk and food during infancy was obtained from parents. In addition to physical examinations, fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the lipid profile of these students. Results: Data from 3844 participants were available (91.5% participation rate), 52.4 % of students were boys. Mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.2) years. Consuming cow milk in the first two years significantly increased the risk of high triglycerides (TG) (odds ratio [OR]:2.77, 95% CI: 1.32-5.85, P: 0.01), elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P <0.05). Students who had consumed commercially made food as complementary feeding were 93% more likely to have high LDL (OR: 1.93, 95% CI=1.19-3.13, P: 0.01) and 90% more likely to have high TG than students who had consumed homemade food (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15-3.12, P: 0.01). The aforementioned figures were not significantly associated with an elevated total cholesterol (TC) level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the history of using human milk and home-made food as complementary feeding was associated with better lipid profile in childhood and early adolescence. Increasing public knowledge in this regard might be useful for encouragement of healthier life prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vard
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arefeh Adham
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golgis Karimi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Easton ZJW, Regnault TRH. The Impact of Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Fat Consumption upon Placental Lipid Processing and Offspring Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103031. [PMID: 33022934 PMCID: PMC7601624 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of women of reproductive age who are overweight or obese is increasing globally. Gestational obesity is strongly associated in both human studies and animal models with early-onset development of adult-associated metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome in the exposed offspring. However, animal model studies have suggested that gestational diet in obese pregnancies is an independent but underappreciated mediator of offspring risk for later life metabolic disease, and human diet consumption data have highlighted that many women do not follow nutritional guidelines prior to and during pregnancy. Thus, this review will highlight how maternal diet independent from maternal body composition impacts the risk for later-life metabolic disease in obesity-exposed offspring. A poor maternal diet, in combination with the obese metabolic state, are understood to facilitate pathological in utero programming, specifically through changes in lipid handling processes in the villous trophoblast layer of the placenta that promote an environment associated with the development of metabolic disease in the offspring. This review will additionally highlight how maternal obesity modulates villous trophoblast lipid processing functions including fatty acid transport, esterification and beta-oxidation. Further, this review will discuss how altering maternal gestational diet may ameliorate these functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in the obese placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-661-2111 (ext. 82869)
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, B2-401, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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30
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Steinhauser CB, Askelson K, Lambo CA, Hobbs KC, Bazer FW, Satterfield MC. Lipid metabolism is altered in maternal, placental, and fetal tissues of ewes with small for gestational age fetuses†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:170-180. [PMID: 33001151 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient restriction (NR) has the potential to negatively impact birthweight, an indicator of neonatal survival and lifelong health. Those fetuses are termed as small for gestational age (SGA). Interestingly, there is a spectral phenotype of fetal growth rates in response to NR associated with changes in placental development, nutrient and waste transport, and lipid metabolism. A sheep model with a maternal diet, starting at Day 35, of 100% National Research Council (NRC) nutrient requirements (n = 8) or 50% NRC (n = 28) was used to assess alterations in fetuses designated NR SGA (n = 7) or NR NonSGA (n = 7) based on fetal weight at Day 135 of pregnancy. Allantoic fluid concentrations of triglycerides were greater in NR SGA fetuses than 100% NRC and NR NonSGA fetuses at Day 70 (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between allantoic fluid concentrations of triglycerides (R2 = 0.207) and bile acids (R2 = 0.179) on Day 70 and fetal weight at Day 135 for NR ewes (P < 0.05). Bile acids were more abundant in maternal and fetal blood for NR SGA compared to 100% NRC and NR NonSGA ewes (P < 0.05). Maternal blood concentrations of NEFAs increased in late pregnancy in NR NonSGA compared to NR SGA ewes (P < 0.05). Protein expression of fatty acid transporter SLC27A6 localized to placentomal maternal and fetal epithelia and decreased in Day 70 NR SGA compared to 100% NRC and NR NonSGA placentomes (P < 0.05). These results identify novel factors associated with an ability of placentae and fetuses in NR NonSGA ewes to adapt to, and overcome, nutritional hardship during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Askelson
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Colleen A Lambo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth C Hobbs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - M Carey Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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31
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de Souza Mesquita LM, Mennitti LV, de Rosso VV, Pisani LP. The role of vitamin A and its pro-vitamin carotenoids in fetal and neonatal programming: gaps in knowledge and metabolic pathways. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:76-87. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V Mennitti
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lindsay KL, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk: A fetal programming perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104659. [PMID: 32240906 PMCID: PMC7293953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA.
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Associations between maternal serum HDL-c concentrations during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight: a population-based cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:93. [PMID: 32410711 PMCID: PMC7227214 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the associations between maternal serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) throughout pregnancy and neonatal birth weight (BW) and small for gestational age (SGA) births. Methods A prospective cohort of 2241 pregnant women was followed from recruitment to delivery in three hospitals in Beijing, China between January 2014 and December 2017. Maternal fasting serum lipids concentrations were measured at gestational week 6–12, 16, 24 and 36. Major outcome was neonatal BW. The associations between maternal HDL-c and BW were estimated by linear regression and linear mixed-effects models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of SGA births in relation to HDL-c were evaluated via logistic regression analysis. Results There was a tendency that mothers with higher HDL-c concentrations throughout gestation gave birth to infants with lower BW. A negative association was found between maternal HDL-c concentrations and BW at 24th and 36th gestational weeks (B = − 34.044, P = 0.034; B = − 53.528, P = 0.000). The HDL-c trend of change was inversely associated with BW (B = − 442.736, P = 0.000). Mothers with SGA neonates had higher serum HDL-c concentration at the 36th gestational week (P < 0.01). The incidences of SGA in the three groups (HDL-c: 1.84–2.23 mmol/L, 2.24–2.59 mmol/L and ≥ 2.60 mmol/L) were higher than the group with the lowest concentration of HDL-c (< 1.83 mmol/L) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.001) at 36th week. Higher maternal HDL-c concentrations at 36th week (HDL-c: 1.84–2.23 mmol/L, 2.24–2.59 mmol/L and ≥ 2.60 mmol/L) were positively associated with the incidence of SGA (OR = 1.900, P = 0.008; OR = 1.893, P = 0.008; OR = 1.975, P = 0.004). The HDL-c trend of change was positively associated with SGA births (OR = 9.772, P = 0.000). Conclusions Maternal serum HDL-c concentrations were inversely associated with BW at 24th and 36th gestational weeks. The high concentrations of HDL-c at the 36th gestational week increased the risk of SGA. The maternal HDL-c trend of change across pregnancy was associated with smaller neonatal size.
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Excessive early-life cholesterol exposure may have later-life consequences for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:229-236. [PMID: 32290895 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in utero and immediate postnatal environments are recognized as critical windows of developmental plasticity where offspring are highly susceptible to changes in the maternal metabolic milieu. Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy which can program metabolic dysfunction in offspring, including dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although there is currently no established reference range MHC, a loosely defined cutoff point for total cholesterol >280 mg/dL in the third trimester has been suggested. There are several unanswered questions regarding this condition particularly with regard to how the timing of cholesterol exposure influences hepatic lipid dysfunction and the mechanisms through which these adaptations manifest in adulthood. Gestational hypercholesterolemia increased fetal hepatic lipid concentrations and altered lipid regulatory mRNA and protein content. These early changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are evident in the postweaning environment and persist into adulthood. Further, changes to hepatic epigenetic signatures including microRNA (miR) and DNA methylation are observed in utero, at weaning, and are evident in adult offspring. In conclusion, early exposure to cholesterol during critical developmental periods can predispose offspring to the early development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is characterized by altered regulatory function beginning in utero and persisting throughout the life cycle.
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Bond TA, Karhunen V, Wielscher M, Auvinen J, Männikkö M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Gunter MJ, Felix JF, Prokopenko I, Yang J, Visscher PM, Evans DM, Sebert S, Lewin A, O’Reilly PF, Lawlor DA, Jarvelin MR. Exploring the role of genetic confounding in the association between maternal and offspring body mass index: evidence from three birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:233-243. [PMID: 31074781 PMCID: PMC7245052 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with offspring birth weight (BW) and BMI in childhood and adulthood. Each of these associations could be due to causal intrauterine effects, or confounding (genetic or environmental), or some combination of these. Here we estimate the extent to which the association between maternal BMI and offspring body size is explained by offspring genotype, as a first step towards establishing the importance of genetic confounding. METHODS We examined the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring BW and BMI at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, in three European birth cohorts (n ≤11 498). Bivariate Genomic-relatedness-based Restricted Maximum Likelihood implemented in the GCTA software (GCTA-GREML) was used to estimate the extent to which phenotypic covariance was explained by offspring genotype as captured by common imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We merged individual participant data from all cohorts, enabling calculation of pooled estimates. RESULTS Phenotypic covariance (equivalent here to Pearson's correlation coefficient) between maternal BMI and offspring phenotype was 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.17] for offspring BW, increasing to 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.31) for offspring 15 year BMI. Covariance explained by offspring genotype was negligible for BW [-0.04 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.01)], but increased to 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) at 15 years, which is equivalent to 43% (95% CI: 15%, 72%) of the phenotypic covariance. Sensitivity analyses using weight, BMI and ponderal index as the offspring phenotype at all ages showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Offspring genotype explains a substantial fraction of the covariance between maternal BMI and offspring adolescent BMI. This is consistent with a potentially important role for genetic confounding as a driver of the maternal BMI-offspring BMI association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Bond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Oulunkaari Health Center, Ii, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alex Lewin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul F O’Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
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Duman EA, Atesyakar N, Ecevitoglu A. Multilevel Impact of Prenatal Risk and Protective Factors on Stress Biology and Infant Development: Study protocol of BABIP prospective birth cohort from Turkey. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 1:100005. [PMID: 38377425 PMCID: PMC8474236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal environment has long-lasting effects on offspring development and health. Research on prenatal stress identified various mechanisms of these effects, from changes in epigenetic and gene expression profiles to Maternal-Placental-Fetal (MPF) stress biology. There is also evidence for the role of additional risk and protective factors influencing the impact of prenatal stress on maternal and infant outcomes. Considering these findings, we present the study protocol of BABIP, a prospective birth cohort from Turkey. The aim of the project is to investigate the effect of prenatal stress on MPF stress biology (i.e. neuroendocrine, immune and metabolic systems), differential DNA methylation and gene expression patterns, and infant birth and developmental outcomes. We are recruiting 150 pregnant women and their babies for a longitudinal project with 4 time points: 20-24 (T1) and 30-34 (T2) weeks of pregnancy, and 1-month (T3) and 4-months (T4) after giving birth. Maternal early and prenatal environment (prenatal stress, early life stress, psychosocial resources, and health-related behaviors) are assessed during pregnancy with MPF stress biology, DNA methylation and gene expression measures. Infant birth outcomes, DNA methylation and development are assessed postpartum. BABIP is the first prospective birth cohort from Turkey with extensive measures on prenatal environment and health. Through investigating the multilevel impact of prenatal stress and related risk and protective factors during and after pregnancy, BABIP will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which prenatal environment influences infant development and health. Being the first such cohort from Turkey, it may also allow identification of prenatal risk and protective factors specific to the context and population in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Aysimi Duman
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Atesyakar
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Ecevitoglu
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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O'Connor TG, Williams J, Blair C, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Francis L, Willoughby MT. Predictors of Developmental Patterns of Obesity in Young Children. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:109. [PMID: 32266187 PMCID: PMC7105829 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The current study characterizes longitudinal patterns in obesity in young children and their prediction from developmental programming and social determinant hypotheses. Materials and Methods: The data are based on the Family Life Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 1,292 families recruited from low-income, racially diverse, rural communities in Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. Pre-natal, peri-natal, and post-natal risks for childhood obesity were collected from 2 months of age; in-person assessments of child growth were used to identity obesity on multiple occasions from 24 to 90 months of age. Results: Two major novel findings emerged. First, longitudinal analyses identified four distinct obesity development profiles: stable obesity, later-onset obesity, moderate/declining obesity, and non-obese; these groups had distinct risk profiles. Second, prediction analyses favored developmental programming explanations for obesity, including evidence even in early childhood that both low- and high birth weight was associated with stable obesity. There was no indication that pre- and peri-natal and post-natal factors predicted obesity differently in non-minority and minority children. Discussion: Factors derived from the developmental programming model of obesity overlapped with, but predicted early onset obesity independently from, risks associated with social determinant models of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clancy Blair
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Lori Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
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Dumolt JH, Ma M, Mathew J, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Gestational hypercholesterolemia alters fetal hepatic lipid metabolism and microRNA expression in Apo-E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E831-E838. [PMID: 31453710 PMCID: PMC6879864 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during gestation, which can alter offspring hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the extent that these maladaptations occur during gestation and the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. MicoRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNAs that contribute to the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we sought to determine the degree to which in utero exposure to excessive cholesterol affects fetal hepatic lipid metabolism and miRNA expression. Twelve female apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to two different chow-based diets throughout gestation: control (CON) or the CON diet with cholesterol (0.15%). MHC reduced maternal fecundity and reduced litter size and weight. On gestational day 18, fetuses from MHC dams possessed increased placental cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides (TG), which were accompanied by a downregulation in the expression of hepatic lipogenic and TG synthesis and transport genes. Furthermore, fetal livers from MHC mothers showed increased miRNA-27a and reduced miRNA-200c expression. In summary, in utero exposure to MHC alters fetal lipid metabolism and lends mechanistic insight that implicates early changes in miRNA expression that may link to later-life programming of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joyce Mathew
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Larqué E, Labayen I, Flodmark CE, Lissau I, Czernin S, Moreno LA, Pietrobelli A, Widhalm K. From conception to infancy - early risk factors for childhood obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:456-478. [PMID: 31270440 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, as well as early nutrition and the environment infants are raised in, are considered relevant factors for the prevention of childhood obesity. Several models are available for the prediction of childhood overweight and obesity, yet most have not been externally validated. Moreover, the factors considered in the models differ among studies as the outcomes manifest after birth and depend on maturation processes that vary between individuals. The current Review examines and interprets data on the early determinants of childhood obesity to provide relevant strategies for daily clinical work. We evaluate a selection of prenatal and postnatal factors associated with child adiposity. Actions to be considered for preventing childhood obesity include the promotion of healthy maternal nutrition and weight status at reproductive age and during pregnancy, as well as careful monitoring of infant growth to detect early excessive weight gain. Paediatricians and other health-care professionals should provide scientifically validated, individual nutritional advice to families to counteract excessive adiposity in children. Based on systematic reviews, original papers and scientific reports, we provide information to help with setting up public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD) and Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carl-Erik Flodmark
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inge Lissau
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sarah Czernin
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism and Austrian Academic institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism and Austrian Academic institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
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Gunning MN, van Rijn BB, Bekker MN, de Wilde MA, Eijkemans MJC, Fauser BCJM. Associations of preconception Body Mass Index in women with PCOS and BMI and blood pressure of their offspring. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:673-678. [PMID: 31030581 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1563885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have unfavorable metabolic profiles. Their offspring may be affected by such risks. The objective of the current study was to disclose associations between preconception health of these women and health of their offspring. 74 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were screened systematically before conception. Cardiovascular health of their offspring was assessed at 2.5-4 (n = 42) or at 6-8 years of age (n = 32). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with adjustments for potential confounders. In the primary analyses the association between preconception Body Mass index (BMI) and offspring BMI was evaluated. Secondly associations between preconception blood pressure, androgens, insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR), and LDL-cholesterol in women with PCOS and BMI and blood pressure of offspring were assessed. Results show that preconception BMI of women with PCOS was positively associated with sex- and age-adjusted BMI of their offspring at 6-8 years of age (β = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.97), p = .012). No other significant associations were found. In conclusion, our data suggest that preconception BMI in PCOS is significantly associated with offspring BMI at 6-8 year of age. If this suggestion could be confirmed this may provide an opportunity for improving the future health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gunning
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - B B van Rijn
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M N Bekker
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M A de Wilde
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M J C Eijkemans
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
- c Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care , University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - B C J M Fauser
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing body of epidemiological and experimental data indicate that nutritional or environmental stressors during early development can induce long-term adaptations that increase risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions-a phenomenon termed "developmental programming." A common phenotype in humans and animal models is altered body composition, with reduced muscle and bone mass, and increased fat mass. In this review, we summarize the recent literature linking prenatal factors to future body composition and explore contributing mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Many prenatal exposures, including intrauterine growth restriction, extremes of birth weight, maternal obesity, and maternal diabetes, are associated with increased fat mass, reduced muscle mass, and decreased bone density, with effects reported throughout infancy and childhood, and persisting into middle age. Mechanisms and mediators include maternal diet, breastmilk composition, metabolites, appetite regulation, genetic and epigenetic influences, stem cell commitment and function, and mitochondrial metabolism. Differences in body composition are a common phenotype following disruptions to the prenatal environment, and may contribute to developmental programming of obesity and diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Isganaitis
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Room 655A, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
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Heslehurst N, Vieira R, Akhter Z, Bailey H, Slack E, Ngongalah L, Pemu A, Rankin J. The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002817. [PMID: 31185012 PMCID: PMC6559702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a global obesity crisis, particularly among women and disadvantaged populations. Early-life intervention to prevent childhood obesity is a priority for public health, global health, and clinical practice. Understanding the association between childhood obesity and maternal pre-pregnancy weight status would inform policy and practice by allowing one to estimate the potential for offspring health gain through channelling resources into intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the dose-response association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity in the offspring. METHODS AND FINDINGS Searches in MEDLINE, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycInfo were carried out in August 2017 and updated in March 2019. Supplementary searches included hand-searching reference lists, performing citation searching, and contacting authors. Two researchers carried out independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Observational studies published in English and reporting associations between continuous and/or categorical maternal and child BMI or z-score were included. Categorical outcomes were child obesity (≥95th percentile, primary outcome), overweight/obesity (≥85th percentile), and overweight (85th to 95th percentile). Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Studies that could not be included in meta-analyses were summarised narratively. Seventy-nine of 41,301 studies identified met the inclusion criteria (n = 59 cohorts). Meta-analyses of child obesity included 20 studies (n = 88,872); child overweight/obesity, 22 studies (n = 181,800); and overweight, 10 studies (n = 53,238). Associations were nonlinear and there were significantly increased odds of child obesity with maternal obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.64, 95% CI 2.68-4.95) and maternal overweight (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.62-2.19). Significantly increased odds were observed for child overweight/obesity (OR 2.69, 95% CI 2.10-3.46) and for child overweight (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.25, 2.59) with maternal obesity. A limitation of this research is that the included studies did not always report the data in a format that enabled inclusion in this complex meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS This research has identified a 264% increase in the odds of child obesity when mothers have obesity before conception. This study provides substantial evidence for the need to develop interventions that commence prior to conception, to support women of childbearing age with weight management in order to halt intergenerational obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Heslehurst
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rute Vieira
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
United Kingdom
| | - Zainab Akhter
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Bailey
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lem Ngongalah
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Augustina Pemu
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
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Li Y, He J, Zeng X, Zhao S, Wang X, Yuan H. Non-fasting lipids detection and their significance in pregnant women. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:96. [PMID: 30975209 PMCID: PMC6458631 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of pregnant women present an increase in lipids. To investigate the influence of the non-fasting state in the lipid and lipoprotein profile in pregnancy, we have aimed to assess the dynamic change of serum lipid and lipoprotein profile with serum glucose in pregnancy to contrast the differences between fasting and non-fasting state. METHODS Forty-five pregnant women and 41 controls were included in our study. All serum samples were assayed for TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoA-1, Lp(a), sdLDL, and Glu concentrations. The comparison between pregnant women and controls (fasting and 2 h after breakfast), differences of these measurement results at three point-in-time, the associations between the concentrations of serum lipid and some maternal and fetus characteristics was conducted with statistical analysis. RESULTS Except Glu (p < 0.001), there were no significant differences of all lipids between three point-in-time in pregnant women (p > 0.1). The statistically higher levels were found in fasting TC (p = 0.003), TG (p = 0.019), LDL-C (p = 0.002), ApoB (p = 0.001), ApoA1 (p = 0.013) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Besides, the statistically significances were also found in 2-h TC (p = 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.001), ApoB (p < 0.001), Glu (p = 0.013), ApoA-1 (p = 0.009) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Otherwise, in non-fasting status (2 h after breakfast), pregnancy complication was relevant to TC (p = 0.041), HDL-C (p = 0.014), Glu (p = 0.004). Delivery mode was relevant to TC (p = 0.012), HDL-C (p = 0.013), LDL-C (p = 0.026), ApoA-1 (p = 0.012), and sdLDL (p = 0.044). BMI was relevant to TG (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION We have suggested the non-fasting lipids detection can be used for estimate lipid metabolism in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Martin CL, Vladutiu CJ, Zikry TM, Grace MR, Siega-Riz AM. Maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and child weight status at 3 years of age. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12485. [PMID: 30516000 PMCID: PMC6545288 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrauterine environment is critical in the development of child obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and child weight status. METHODS Maternal lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) collected from fasting blood samples collected at less than 20 and 24-29 weeks' gestation and child weight status at age 3 were examined prospectively among 183 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition. Measured height and weight at 3 years were used to calculate age- and sex-specific body mass index z-scores. Child risk of overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index greater than or equal to 85th percentile for age and sex. Regression models estimated the association between maternal lipid levels and child body mass index z-score and risk of being affected by overweight/obesity, respectively. RESULTS Higher triglyceride levels at less than 20 and 24-29 weeks of pregnancy were associated with higher body mass index z-scores (β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.38 and β = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.01-0.29; respectively) after adjusting for confounders. There was no evidence of an association between total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and child weight status at age 3. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood body mass index may be influenced by maternal triglyceride levels during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel L. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Catherine J. Vladutiu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tarek M. Zikry
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew R. Grace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- School of Nursing and Departments of Public Health Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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The high maternal TG level at early trimester was associated with the increased risk of LGA newborn in non-obesity pregnant women. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:294. [PMID: 30587205 PMCID: PMC6307256 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research had shown blood glucose was not the only cause of large for gestational age infant (LGA), the contributions of other fuels such as lipids also play an important role in fetal development. However the association between maternal triglyceride at early trimester and the risk of LGA has not yet been clearly elucidated. This research evaluated the association of maternal early trimester TG level with the risk of LGA infant in Chinese mothers. Methods 2839 pregnant women were recruited at the first visit of their perinatal health care and followed up prospectively till after delivery. The demographic, maternal characteristics were extracted from a questionnaire. Infant characteristics were collected at delivery. Maternal fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)levels, were measured in 6~8th, 16th, 24th, and 36th gestational weeks. Fasting serum glucose levels were measured at 6~8th, 24th, and 36th gestational weeks. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results A consistently lower TG level was observed in mothers with non-LGA infant than mothers with LGA infant and TG level of mothers of LGA infants increased faster than that of control group. The incidence of LGA infants between two groups (TG<1.7 mmol/L and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L) was 14.46 and 26.63%, respectively. Mothers with the highest TG level (TG > 1.19 mmol/L) gave birth to infants with higher birth weight (BW) than the other two groups (TG < 0.70 mmol/L and TG:0.70~0.89 mmol/L). When stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), a significantly positive association was founded between the maternal TG level at early trimester and the risk of LGA in non-overweight/obesity women (OR = 1.740, p = 0.034). Conclusions The findings suggested that high maternal TG level at very early trimester was associated with the increased risk of LGA in non-overweight/obesity pregnant women. Moreover, high maternal TG level at first trimester may be an early predictor of LGA.
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Dumolt JH, Browne RW, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Malprogramming of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism due to Excessive Early Cholesterol Exposure in Adult Progeny. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800563. [PMID: 30447138 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The programming of hepatic lipid dysfunction in response to early cholesterol exposure and the influencing effects of postnatal diet is evaluated in apoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS In two separate studies, female mice are assigned to a standard chow (S) or a cholesterol-enriched chow (C) diet during gestation and lactation. Male offspring from each dam are weaned on a postnatal S or a hypercaloric western (W) diet resulting in four experimental groups: S-S and C-S (Experiment 1) and S-W and C-W (Experiment 2). At weaning, litters from hypercholesterolemic mothers weighed less (p < 0.05) and pups had higher blood lipids, glucose, and hepatic cholesterol compared with pups from S-fed mothers. Adult C-S offspring demonstrate an atherogenic lipid profile and increased (p < 0.05) hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content with altered lipid regulatory mRNA expression and protein content compared with S-S offspring. Alternatively, no difference (p > 0.05) is observed between S-W and C-W in serum and hepatic lipid profiles; however, serum AST and ALT are higher (p < 0.05) in C-W versus S-W offspring. CONCLUSION The degree of hepatic lipid deposition observed in adult offspring exposed to excessive early cholesterol is influenced by the postnatal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Thaware PK, McKenna S, Patterson CC, Casey C, McCance DR. Maternal Lipids at 28 Weeks' Gestation and Offspring Adiposity at Age 5 to 7 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3767-3772. [PMID: 30020528 PMCID: PMC6179179 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is a global epidemic, and there is a focus on identifying markers of obesity in children with a view to prevention. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine prospectively the association of maternal fasting lipids with adiposity in 5- to 7-year-old offspring in a large observational study. DESIGN Pregnant women (1612) were recruited to the Belfast center of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study in a large tertiary maternity hospital at an average of 28 weeks' gestation. Maternal fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were estimated at 28 weeks' gestation. Offspring-mother pairs (819) were included in the current study, and adiposity was expressed as body mass index (BMI) z score (1990 British growth standard) and sum of skin-fold (SSF) thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac). Statistical significance was more rigorously defined as P < 0.01 to allow for multiple comparisons. RESULTS No linear relation was found between maternal lipids and offspring BMI z score or SSFs (P ≥ 0.01) using correlation analysis. With the use of logistic regression, there was no relation between maternal lipids and offspring adiposity controlled for birthweight z score, offspring age, offspring gender, smoking during pregnancy, offspring energy intake and physical activity, maternal BMI during pregnancy, and fasting glucose during pregnancy (P ≥ 0.01). CONCLUSION Maternal 28-week gestational fasting lipids are not associated with offspring BMI or subcutaneous adiposity at age 5 to 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag K Thaware
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia McKenna
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Casey
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David R McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: David R. McCance, MD, Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Meyer DM, Brei C, Stecher L, Brunner S, Hauner H. Maternal insulin resistance, triglycerides and cord blood insulin are not determinants of offspring growth and adiposity up to 5 years: a follow-up study. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1399-1403. [PMID: 29938825 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic dysregulation in utero may influence fetal metabolism and early growth. We previously investigated relationships between maternal indices of glucose homeostasis and triglycerides as well as cord blood insulin with offspring anthropometry up to 2 years. The aim of this analysis was to follow these relationships up to the age of 5 years. METHODS Associations between maternal metabolic variables of glucose and lipid metabolism measured at 32 weeks' gestation and cord blood insulin with growth and body composition of 162 offspring aged 3-5 years were explored. Both indirect (i.e. body weight, BMI percentiles, sum of four skinfold thicknesses) and direct (i.e. ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging in a subgroup) measurement techniques were employed. RESULTS Maternal metabolic indices were largely unrelated to child body composition. Cord blood insulin was negatively associated with fat mass and lean body mass at 3 years in unadjusted analyses, and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses and body fat percentage in adjusted analyses, whereas the association with lean body mass was no longer observed. An inverse relationship between cord blood insulin and weight gain up to 5 years was observed in girls only with small effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Results from this follow-up do not provide convincing evidence that these markers are independently related to offspring growth and adiposity in early childhood. Although cord blood insulin was weakly inversely related to weight gain in girls at 5 years, we cannot conclude that the observed changes in outcomes are clinically meaningful. (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT00362089).
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Meyer
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Brei
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Stecher
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Brunner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Wadhwani N, Patil V, Joshi S. Maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:143-152. [PMID: 28888333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult starting several weeks before pregnancy and during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increase the risk for diseases during later life. Literature suggests that chronic adult diseases may have their origin during early life - a concept referred to as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) which states that adverse exposures early in life "program" risks for later chronic disorders. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are known to have an effect on fetal programming. The placental supply of optimal levels of LCPUFA to the fetus during early life is extremely important for the normal growth and development of both placenta and fetus. Any alteration in placental development will result in adverse pregnancy outcome such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A disturbed materno-fetal LCPUFA supply is known to be linked with each of these pathologies. Further, a disturbed LCPUFA metabolism is reported to be associated with a number of metabolic disorders. It is likely that LCPUFA supplementation during early pregnancy may be beneficial in improving the health of the mother, improving birth outcome and thereby reducing the risk of diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Vidya Patil
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Maternal Lipid Concentrations during Early Pregnancy and Eating Behaviour and Energy Intake in the Offspring. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081026. [PMID: 30082636 PMCID: PMC6115740 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity is rapidly increasing, making it a pressing public health issue. Obesity is strongly linked to eating behaviour and energy intake but little is known about their prenatal determinants. In an exploratory study of data collected within the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study, we hypothesized that intra-uterine exposure to increased lipids is associated with adverse eating behaviour and increased energy intake in the offspring at age 5. During early gestation, a non-fasting blood sample was taken from 1463 non-diabetic Dutch women, including: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Eating behaviour, measured using the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, included food approaching (enjoyment of food, food responsiveness) and food avoidant behaviour (satiety responsiveness, slowness of eating). Energy intake (total energy, fat and carbohydrate intake) was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations were analysed using multivariable linear regression. Increased maternal TC concentrations were associated with lower enjoyment of food, higher satiety responsiveness and increased slowness of eating, as well as decreased kcal and fat intake in the offspring. Elevated ApoA1 was associated with increased slowness of eating, lower enjoyment of food and lower kcal, fat and carbohydrate intake. ApoB was positively associated with satiety responsiveness and slowness of eating. Higher TG concentrations were associated with higher food responsiveness. Maternal FFA did not show significant associations. Findings demonstrated that the maternal prenatal lipid profile was associated with offspring’s eating behaviour and energy intake, although not always in the hypothesized direction.
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