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Orrell DL, Sadd D, Jones KL, Chadwick K, Simpson T, Philpott DE, Hussey NE. Coexistence, resource partitioning, and fisheries management: A tale of two mesopredators in equatorial waters. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38632858 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) are ubiquitous mesopredators that co-occur in the nearshore waters of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where they have significant cultural and subsistence value, but management of their non-commercial take is limited. This isolated volcanic system is home to high biomass and low species diversity, which poses two key questions: How can two mesopredators that perform similar ecological roles coexist? And if these two species are so ecologically similar, can they be managed using the same approach? Here, we combined acoustic telemetry, stomach content analysis, and stable isotope analysis to (i) explore space use and diet choices within and between these two species and (ii) to assess appropriate species-specific management options. Although rock hind had high residency and small calculated home ranges (0.0001-0.3114 km2), spotted moray exhibited shorter periods of residency (<3 months) before exiting the array. Vertical space use differed significantly across the 20-month tracking period, with individual differences in vertical space observed for both species. A hierarchical generalized additive model using 12-h averaged depth data identified that rock hind occurred lower in the water column than spotted moray, with both species occupying moderately deeper depths at night versus day (+1.6% relative depth). Spotted moray depth was also significantly predicted by lunar illumination. Aggregating samples by species and tissue type, Bayesian ecological niche modeling identified a 53.14%-54.15% and 78.02%-97.08% probability of niche overlap from fin clip and white muscle, respectively, whereas limited stomach content data indicated a preference for piscivorous prey. Variability in niche breadth between years suggests these species may exploit a range of prey items over time. These findings indicate that although these two species perform a similar ecological role by feeding on prey occupying the same trophic levels, subtle differences in movement behaviors between them suggest a one-rule-fits-all management approach is not likely the most effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Orrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sadd
- Ascension Island Government Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, ASN 1ZZ
| | - Kirsty L Jones
- Ascension Island Government Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, ASN 1ZZ
| | - Kate Chadwick
- Ascension Island Government Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, ASN 1ZZ
| | - Tiffany Simpson
- Ascension Island Government Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, ASN 1ZZ
| | - Darcy E Philpott
- Ascension Island Government Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, ASN 1ZZ
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Appleby M, Raoult V, Broadhurst MK, Gaston T. Can denticle morphology help identify southeastern Australian elasmobranchs? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38491854 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are covered in scale-like structures called dermal denticles, comprising dentine and enameloid. These structures vary across the body of an individual and between species, and are frequently shed and preserved in marine sediments. With a good understanding of denticle morphology, current and historical elasmobranch diversity and abundance might be assessed from sediment samples. Here, replicate samples of denticles from the bodies of several known (deceased) shark species were collected and characterized for morphology before being assigned morphotypes. These data were used to expand the established literature describing denticles and to investigate intra- and interspecific variability, with the aim of increasing the viability of using sediment samples to assess elasmobranch diversity and abundance. Denticle morphology was influenced more by life-history traits than by species, where demersal species were largely characterized by generalized function and defense denticles, whereas pelagic and benthopelagic species were characterized by drag-reduction denticles. Almost all species possessed abrasion strength or defense denticles on the snout, precluding their utility for separating species. In a separate manipulative experiment, samples of denticles were collected from sediments in two aquaria with known elasmobranchs to determine their utility for reliably separating species. Visual examination of denticles, morphometric measurements, scaled photographs, and reference collections allowed for some precise identification, but not always to the species level. Ongoing work to develop denticle reference collections could help to identify past and present families and, in some cases, species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Appleby
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Munno K, Hoopes L, Lyons K, Drymon M, Frazier B, Rochman CM. High microplastic and anthropogenic particle contamination in the gastrointestinal tracts of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) caught in the western North Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123185. [PMID: 38147950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have documented microplastics (<5 mm) in shark gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Here, we report microplastic contamination in the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), an apex predator and generalist feeder, at several different life stages. We examined seven stomachs and one spiral valve from eight individuals captured off the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts (eastern US) and conducted a literature review of publications reporting anthropogenic debris ingestion in elasmobranchs. Specimens were chemically digested in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and density separated using calcium chloride (CaCl2) before quantifying and categorizing suspected anthropogenic particles (>45 μm) by size, morphology, and colour. Anthropogenic particles were found in the stomachs and spiral valve of all sharks. A total of 3151 anthropogenic particles were observed across all stomachs with 1603 anthropogenic particles observed in a single specimen. A subset of suspected anthropogenic particles (14%) were chemically identified using Raman spectroscopy and μ-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to confirm anthropogenic origin. Overall, ≥95% of particles analyzed via spectroscopy were confirmed anthropogenic, with 45% confirmed as microplastics. Of the microplastics, polypropylene (32%) was the most common polymer. Diverse microparticle morphologies were found, with fragments (57%) and fibers (41%) most frequently observed. The high occurrence and abundance of anthropogenic particle contamination in tiger sharks is likely due to their generalist feeding strategy and high trophic position compared to other marine species. The literature review resulted in 32 studies published through 2022. Several methodologies were employed, and varying amounts of contamination were reported, but none reported contamination as high as detected in our study. Anthropogenic particle ingestion studies should continue in the tiger shark, in addition to other elasmobranch species, to further understand the effects of anthropogenic activities and associated pollution on these predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Munno
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lisa Hoopes
- Georgia Aquarium, IUCN Center for Species Survival, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Kady Lyons
- Georgia Aquarium, IUCN Center for Species Survival, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Marcus Drymon
- Mississippi State University, Coastal Research and Extension Center, 1815 Popps Ferry Road, Biloxi, MS, 39532, USA; Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Bryan Frazier
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Ft. Johnson Rd. Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cooper JA, Griffin JN, Kindlimann R, Pimiento C. Are shark teeth proxies for functional traits? A framework to infer ecology from the fossil record. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:798-814. [PMID: 36651356 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern sharks have an evolutionary history of at least 250 million years and are known to play key roles in marine systems, from controlling prey populations to connecting habitats across oceans. These ecological roles can be quantified based on their functional traits, which are typically morphological (e.g., body size) or behavioural (e.g., feeding and diet). Nonetheless, the understanding of such roles of extinct sharks is limited due to the inherent incompleteness of their fossil record, which consists mainly of isolated teeth. As such, establishing links between tooth morphology and ecological traits in living sharks could provide a useful framework to infer sharks' ecology from the fossil record. Here, based on extant sharks from which morphological and behavioural characteristics are known, the authors assess the extent to which isolated teeth can serve as proxies for functional traits. To do so, they first review the scientific literature on extant species to evaluate the use of shark dental characters as proxies for ecology to then perform validation analyses based on an independent data set collected from museum collections. Their results reveal that 12 dental characters have been used in shark literature as proxies for three functional traits: body size, prey preference and feeding mechanism. From all dental characters identified, tooth size and cutting edge are the most widely used. Validation analyses suggest that seven dental characters - crown height, crown width, cutting edge, lateral cusplets, curvature, longitudinal outline and cross-section outline - are the best proxies for the three functional traits. In particular, tooth size (crown height and width) was found to be a reliable proxy of all three traits; the presence of serrations on the cutting edge was one of the best proxies for prey preference; and tooth shape (longitudinal outline) and the presence of lateral cusplets were among the best indicators of feeding mechanism. Overall, the authors' results suggest that in the absence of directly measurable traits in the fossil record, these seven dental characters (and different combinations of them) can be used to quantify the ecological roles of extinct sharks. This information has the potential to provide key insights into how shark functional diversity has changed through time, including their ecological responses to extinction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Cooper
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - René Kindlimann
- Haimuseum und Sammlung R. Kindlimann, Aathal-Seegräben, Switzerland
| | - Catalina Pimiento
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
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Bobe R, Aldeias V, Alemseged Z, Anemone RL, Archer W, Aumaître G, Bamford MK, Biro D, Bourlès DL, Doyle Boyd M, Braun DR, Capelli C, d’Oliveira Coelho J, Habermann JM, Head JJ, Keddadouche K, Kupczik K, Lebatard AE, Lüdecke T, Macôa A, Martínez FI, Mathe J, Mendes C, Paulo LM, Pinto M, Presnyakova D, Püschel TA, Regala FT, Sier M, Ferreira da Silva MJ, Stalmans M, Carvalho S. The first Miocene fossils from coastal woodlands in the southern East African Rift. iScience 2023; 26:107644. [PMID: 37701811 PMCID: PMC10494320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Miocene was a key time in the evolution of African ecosystems witnessing the origin of the African apes and the isolation of eastern coastal forests through an expanding arid corridor. Until recently, however, Miocene sites from the southeastern regions of the continent were unknown. Here, we report the first Miocene fossil teeth from the shoulders of the Urema Rift in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. We provide the first 1) radiometric ages of the Mazamba Formation, 2) reconstructions of paleovegetation in the region based on pedogenic carbonates and fossil wood, and 3) descriptions of fossil teeth. Gorongosa is unique in the East African Rift in combining marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates, reptiles, terrestrial mammals, and fossil woods in coastal paleoenvironments. The Gorongosa fossil sites offer the first evidence of woodlands and forests on the coastal margins of southeastern Africa during the Miocene, and an exceptional assemblage of fossils including new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bobe
- Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vera Aldeias
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Zeresenay Alemseged
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Robert L. Anemone
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Anthropology, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - Will Archer
- Max Planck Partner Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Geology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Marion K. Bamford
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dora Biro
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | | | - Melissa Doyle Boyd
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - David R. Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Technological Primate Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - João d’Oliveira Coelho
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jörg M. Habermann
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jason J. Head
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne-Elisabeth Lebatard
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement, CEREGE - UM 34 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, OSU Institut Pythéas, Technopole Environnement Arbois - Méditerranée, Domaine du Petit Arbois, Avenue Louis Philibert, Les Milles-Aix en Provence BP80, 13545 AIX en Provence, Cedex 04, France
| | - Tina Lüdecke
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
- Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amélia Macôa
- Departamento de Arqueologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Letras e Ciências Sociais, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Felipe I. Martínez
- Escuela de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacinto Mathe
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
| | - Clara Mendes
- Departamento de Arqueologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Letras e Ciências Sociais, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Luis Meira Paulo
- AESDA – Associação de Estudos Subterrâneos e Defesa do Ambiente, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Maria Pinto
- AESDA – Associação de Estudos Subterrâneos e Defesa do Ambiente, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Darya Presnyakova
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Püschel
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Frederico Tátá Regala
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mark Sier
- CENIEH, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- ONE - Organisms and Environment Group, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, c5:15, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Susana Carvalho
- Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Lim KC, Then AYH, Loh KH. Feeding ecology and reproductive biology of small coastal sharks in Malaysian waters. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15849. [PMID: 37637173 PMCID: PMC10448880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small coastal demersal sharks form a major proportion of the sharks landed in Malaysia. However, little is known about their feeding ecology and reproduction. This study sought to elucidate the dietary patterns, role of ontogeny in prey consumption, and reproductive biology of four dominant small demersal shark species in Malaysian waters: the Hasselt's bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium hasseltii; brownbanded bamboo shark, C. punctatum; spadenose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus; and Pacific spadenose shark, S. macrorhynchos. Dietary analyses revealed a high overlap in prey taxa consumed; clear resource partitioning among co-occurring species based on the percentage Prey-specific Index of Relative Importance (%PSIRI), with higher fish %PSIRI for Chiloscyllium hasseltii, higher cephalopod %PSIRI for C. punctatum, and higher crustacean %PSIRI for both Scoliodon species; and an ontogenetic diet shift, seen through changes in prey size. Based on the examination of reproductive organs, the results showed larger sizes at maturity for males compared to females for all four species; no obvious reproductive cycles, based on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices for all species; female bias in the sex ratio of the embryos of Scoliodon species; and increased reproductive output (number of eggs or embryos and size of eggs) with larger female size for C. hasseltii and Scoliodon species. The partitioning of food resources minimizes direct competition for food and supports coexistence within shared coastal habitats. The reproductive strategies of these small coastal sharks appear to be favorable for supporting short-term population productivity; although a reduction in fishing pressure, especially from bottom trawlers, is essential for the long-term sustainable use of these sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Chong Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advance Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amy Yee-Hui Then
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar-Hoe Loh
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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De Benedetto G, Capparucci F, Iaria C, Marino F, Gaglio G. Helminths of the Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788), from the Strait of Messina (Sicily, Southern Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2405. [PMID: 37570214 PMCID: PMC10417145 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788), is a little-known elasmobranch in the Mediterranean Sea. Given the lack of information about H. griseus, the aim of our study was to describe the helminth fauna of this species. In March 2023, one H. griseus juvenile female specimen was found off the coast of Messina (Italy) and referred by the Italian Coast Guard to our laboratory for necropsy and parasitological evaluation. After necropsy, the specimen's gills, stomach and spiral valve were investigated for parasite presence. All collected parasites were stored in 70% ethanol for routine parasitological analysis. No lesions due to parasites were found in the gills or skin. Three species of helminths were found in one studied female specimen of Hexanchus griseus, namely, two cestode species (Phyllobothrium sinuosiceps and Nybelinia sp., larvae) and one trematode (Otodistomum veliporum). Among them, five Trypanorhyncha plerocercoid larvae were found attached to the stomach mucosa, and six adult cestodes and one digenean trematode were collected from the spiral valve. No other parasite taxa were found in the celomic organs. This study reports new information regarding the parasitic fauna of H. griseus from the central Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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De la Llata Quiroga E, Arauz R, Tripp Valdez A, Porras Murillo L, Parallada MS, Sánchez-Murillo R, Chávez EJ. Trophic ecology of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Coyote estuary, Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:669-679. [PMID: 36633535 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is a near-threatened elasmobranch species capable of moving between the fresh and salty waters of tropical and subtropical coastal areas, for which we still lack important ecological information. During their first years of life, bull sharks use estuarine systems as nursery areas, making them highly susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic pressures. We studied the trophic ecology of juveniles found in the Coyote estuary, a potential nursery area in Costa Rica, to understand the potential impact of further bull shark declines and gain knowledge that could aid in their conservation. We analysed the trophic ecology of juvenile bull sharks [81-103 cm total length (TL)] in the Coyote estuary, Costa Rica, using stable isotopes of δ15 N and δ13 C. Since one problem using this technique in juveniles is the confounding effect of the maternal signature, we sampled different tissues (muscle and plasma), verified the status of the shark's umbilical scar and identified the size at which the isotope signature is a result of the animal's current diet. The isotopic values of the muscle tissue reflected the maternal isotopic signature. In contrast, plasma values reflected the diet of juvenile bull sharks >95 cm TL and with a closed umbilical scar. Juvenile bull sharks fed primarily on teleost fishes of the order Anguilliformes and Siluriformes, and have a high trophic position (≥4.0) in the Coyote estuary. Our findings suggest that this estuary is an important feeding site for juvenile bull sharks of the Pacific of Costa Rica. Thus, the protection of essential habitats such as the Coyote estuary will benefit not only bull shark conservation, but also the conservation of an array of fish species that also use this habitat as a rookery, many of which are of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna De la Llata Quiroga
- Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Randall Arauz
- Marine Watch International, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Arturo Tripp Valdez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Laura Porras Murillo
- Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel Spinola Parallada
- Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Elpis J Chávez
- Centro Rescate de Especies Marinas Amenazadas, Tibás, Costa Rica
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9
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Balanin S, Hauser-Davis RA, Giareta E, Charvet P, Wosnick N. Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14750. [PMID: 36700003 PMCID: PMC9869778 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has been relatively well assessed concerning biology and ecology aspects in both Atlantic and Pacific North America and in Caribbean waters. The amount of data in these regions has led to the species protection under capture quotas and with the creation of sanctuaries. The reality in developing countries, however, is the exact opposite, with scarce information on the species in the southern hemisphere, namely South American and African waters. In these regions, protection measures are insufficient, and studies on tiger shark biology and ecology are scarce, significantly hindering conservation and management efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile scientific literature on the tiger shark in the South Atlantic and discuss the impact of these data (or lack thereof) distributed within a total of ten research categories for guiding management plans. In total, 41 scientific publications on different G. cuvier biology and ecology aspects were obtained. The most studied topics were Feeding Ecology (n = 12), followed by Human Interactions (n = 8), and Movements and Migration (n = 7). Northeastern Brazil (Southwest Atlantic) was the most researched area, probably due to the higher coastal abundance of tiger sharks in this area, alongside a high number of recorded attacks, justifying funding for studies in the region. No studies carried out in other South American or African countries were found. It is important to mention that even though some research topics are relatively well covered, a severe knowledge gap is noted for risk assessments and fisheries management, with a proposition for the implementation of sanctuaries noted. This is, however, particularly worrisome, as the South Atlantic is mostly unexplored in this regard for tiger sharks. It is also important to note how different the attention given to this species is in the North Atlantic when compared to the South region. Lastly, we highlight that the existence of sub-populations, the lack of migratory corridors geographically connecting distinct areas used by the species, and the lack of fisheries statistics on tiger shark landings, all increase the vulnerability of this species in the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Balanin
- Projeto Tintureira—Associação MarBrasil, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia—Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção a Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Giareta
- Projeto Tintureira—Associação MarBrasil, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia—Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Projeto Tintureira—Associação MarBrasil, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade—Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Natascha Wosnick
- Projeto Tintureira—Associação MarBrasil, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia—Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
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10
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Chandelier G, Kiszka JJ, Dulau-Drouot V, Jean C, Poirout T, Estrade V, Barret M, Fayan J, Jaquemet S. Isotopic niche partitioning of co-occurring large marine vertebrates around an Indian ocean tropical oceanic island. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105835. [PMID: 36527765 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical oceans host a high diversity of species, including large marine consumers. In these oligotrophic ecosystems, oceanic islands often favour the aggregation of species and biomass as they provide feeding opportunities related to the mechanisms of island mass effect. As such, the waters surrounding La Reunion (Southwest Indian Ocean) host seabirds, large pelagic teleosts, elasmobranchs, delphinids and sea turtles. Isotopic niche partitioning and comparison of trophic levels among these species (n = 21) were investigated using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis. Overall, δ13C values were highly variable among taxa, indicating that the species exploit multiple foraging habitats along a coast-open ocean gradient. Overlap in δ15N values was limited, except for teleost species, the two species of sea turtles and two species of delphinids, the Indo-pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and the Spinner dolphin (Stellena longirostris). Stable isotope analyses of samples collected over a 9-years period on different tissues with different integration times provide a consistent picture of the structure of the community of large marine vertebrates species around La Reunion and highlight the underlying mechanisms to limit the competition between species. The wide range of isotopic values confirms that large marine vertebrates have different trophic roles in coastal marine food webs around this oceanic island, which limits their potential of competitive interactions for resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chandelier
- UMR Entropie, Université de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97744, Saint Denis Cédex 9, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151th Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Violaine Dulau-Drouot
- Groupe Local d'Observation et d'Identification des Cétacés (GLOBICE), 97432, Ravine des Cabris, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Claire Jean
- Kelonia, l'observatoire des tortues marines, 46 rue du Général de Gaulle, 97436, Saint Leu, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Thomas Poirout
- UMR Entropie, Université de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97744, Saint Denis Cédex 9, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Vanessa Estrade
- Groupe Local d'Observation et d'Identification des Cétacés (GLOBICE), 97432, Ravine des Cabris, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Mathieu Barret
- Kelonia, l'observatoire des tortues marines, 46 rue du Général de Gaulle, 97436, Saint Leu, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Jacques Fayan
- Brigade Nature Océan Indien (BNOI), 12 All de la forêt parc de la providence, 97400, Saint-Denis, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- UMR Entropie, Université de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97744, Saint Denis Cédex 9, Ile de La Réunion, France.
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11
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New Occurrences of the Tiger Shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier) (Carcharhinidae) off the Coast of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil: Seasonality Indications. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202774. [PMID: 36290161 PMCID: PMC9597784 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) (Carcharhinidae) is classified as near-threatened along the Brazilian coast, in line with its global categorization. Although Rio de Janeiro, located in southeastern Brazil, is internationally identified as a priority shark conservation area, many shark species, including tiger sharks, are landed by both industrial and artisanal fisheries in this state. However, there is a lack of detailed information on the species capture pressures and records for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, the aims of this study were to expand the tiger shark record database and to improve upon future conservation and management strategies. Tiger shark records from four coastal Rio de Janeiro regions were obtained by direct observation. The information obtained from fishery colonies/associations, environmental guards, researchers, and scientific articles, totaling 23 records, resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in the number of tiger shark records off the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. A possible seasonality pattern concerning the size of the captured/observed animals was noted, emphasizing the need to consider the coast of Rio de Janeiro as an especially relevant area for at least part of the life history of tiger sharks.
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12
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Andrzejaczek S, Lucas TC, Goodman MC, Hussey NE, Armstrong AJ, Carlisle A, Coffey DM, Gleiss AC, Huveneers C, Jacoby DMP, Meekan MG, Mourier J, Peel LR, Abrantes K, Afonso AS, Ajemian MJ, Anderson BN, Anderson SD, Araujo G, Armstrong AO, Bach P, Barnett A, Bennett MB, Bezerra NA, Bonfil R, Boustany AM, Bowlby HD, Branco I, Braun CD, Brooks EJ, Brown J, Burke PJ, Butcher P, Castleton M, Chapple TK, Chateau O, Clarke M, Coelho R, Cortes E, Couturier LIE, Cowley PD, Croll DA, Cuevas JM, Curtis TH, Dagorn L, Dale JJ, Daly R, Dewar H, Doherty PD, Domingo A, Dove ADM, Drew M, Dudgeon CL, Duffy CAJ, Elliott RG, Ellis JR, Erdmann MV, Farrugia TJ, Ferreira LC, Ferretti F, Filmalter JD, Finucci B, Fischer C, Fitzpatrick R, Forget F, Forsberg K, Francis MP, Franks BR, Gallagher AJ, Galvan-Magana F, García ML, Gaston TF, Gillanders BM, Gollock MJ, Green JR, Green S, Griffiths CA, Hammerschlag N, Hasan A, Hawkes LA, Hazin F, Heard M, Hearn A, Hedges KJ, Henderson SM, Holdsworth J, Holland KN, Howey LA, Hueter RE, Humphries NE, Hutchinson M, Jaine FRA, Jorgensen SJ, Kanive PE, Labaja J, Lana FO, Lassauce H, Lipscombe RS, Llewellyn F, Macena BCL, Mambrasar R, McAllister JD, McCully Phillips SR, McGregor F, McMillan MN, McNaughton LM, Mendonça SA, Meyer CG, Meyers M, Mohan JA, Montgomery JC, Mucientes G, Musyl MK, Nasby-Lucas N, Natanson LJ, O’Sullivan JB, Oliveira P, Papastamtiou YP, Patterson TA, Pierce SJ, Queiroz N, Radford CA, Richardson AJ, Richardson AJ, Righton D, Rohner CA, Royer MA, Saunders RA, Schaber M, Schallert RJ, Scholl MC, Seitz AC, Semmens JM, Setyawan E, Shea BD, Shidqi RA, Shillinger GL, Shipley ON, Shivji MS, Sianipar AB, Silva JF, Sims DW, Skomal GB, Sousa LL, Southall EJ, Spaet JLY, Stehfest KM, Stevens G, Stewart JD, Sulikowski JA, Syakurachman I, Thorrold SR, Thums M, Tickler D, Tolloti MT, Townsend KA, Travassos P, Tyminski JP, Vaudo JJ, Veras D, Wantiez L, Weber SB, Wells RD, Weng KC, Wetherbee BM, Williamson JE, Witt MJ, Wright S, Zilliacus K, Block BA, Curnick DJ. Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1754. [PMID: 35984887 PMCID: PMC9390984 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim C.D. Lucas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Nigel E. Hussey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Amelia J. Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Aaron Carlisle
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Daniel M. Coffey
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Adrian C. Gleiss
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David M. P. Jacoby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Mark G. Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Johann Mourier
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Biguglia, France
| | - Lauren R. Peel
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorset, UK
- Save Our Seas Foundation–D’Arros Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kátya Abrantes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - André S. Afonso
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matthew J. Ajemian
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Brooke N. Anderson
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Gonzalo Araujo
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Lydeard St Lawrence, Somerset, UK
| | - Asia O. Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal Bach
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Adam Barnett
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike B. Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalia A. Bezerra
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ramon Bonfil
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR)–Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
- Océanos Vivientes A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andre M. Boustany
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather D. Bowlby
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Ilka Branco
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camrin D. Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | - Judith Brown
- Ascension Island Government Conservation and Fisheries Department, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK
| | - Patrick J. Burke
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Butcher
- NSW Department of Primary Industries–Fisheries Research, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Taylor K. Chapple
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Olivier Chateau
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Aquarium des Lagons, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | - Rui Coelho
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Olhão, Algarve, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences of the Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal
| | - Enric Cortes
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Panama City, FL, USA
| | | | - Paul D. Cowley
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Donald A. Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Juan M. Cuevas
- Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- División Zoología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tobey H. Curtis
- Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, NOAA Fisheries, Gloucester, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Dagorn
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Jonathan J. Dale
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Daly
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
- Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Heidi Dewar
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip D. Doherty
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Andrés Domingo
- Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Michael Drew
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine L. Dudgeon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Riley G. Elliott
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jim R. Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Thomas J. Farrugia
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Alaska Ocean Observing System, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Luciana C. Ferreira
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John D. Filmalter
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Brittany Finucci
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Fitzpatrick
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabien Forget
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | | | - Malcolm P. Francis
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryan R. Franks
- Marine Science Research Institute, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Felipe Galvan-Magana
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Mirta L. García
- Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Troy F. Gaston
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M. Gillanders
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan R. Green
- Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Sofia Green
- Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Christopher A. Griffiths
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abdi Hasan
- Yayasan Konservasi Indonesia, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia
| | - Lucy A. Hawkes
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Fabio Hazin
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matthew Heard
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Conservation and Wildlife Branch, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alex Hearn
- Migramar, Forest Knolls, CA, USA
- Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador
- Galapagos Science Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Kim N. Holland
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Lucy A. Howey
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Haiti Ocean Project, Petite Riviere de Nippes, Haiti
| | - Robert E. Hueter
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - Melanie Hutchinson
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fabrice R. A. Jaine
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Salvador J. Jorgensen
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Kanive
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jessica Labaja
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Bohol, Philippines
| | - Fernanda O. Lana
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lassauce
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorset, UK
- ISEA, University of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Conservation International New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Rebecca S. Lipscombe
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bruno C. L. Macena
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Okeanos Centre, University of the Azores, Horta, Faial, Portugal
| | | | - Jaime D. McAllister
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew N. McMillan
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sibele A. Mendonça
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carl G. Meyer
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Megan Meyers
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John A. Mohan
- School of Marine and Environmental Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - John C. Montgomery
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gonzalo Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigacions Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairao, Portugal
| | | | - Nicole Nasby-Lucas
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paulo Oliveira
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Yannis P. Papastamtiou
- Institute of the Environment, Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairao, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Vairao, Portugal
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andy J. Richardson
- Ascension Island Government Conservation and Fisheries Department, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David Righton
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark A. Royer
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael C. Scholl
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
- IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group, Gland, Vaud, Switzerland
- Aquarium-Muséum Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Andrew C. Seitz
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jayson M. Semmens
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Edy Setyawan
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorset, UK
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brendan D. Shea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA
| | - Rafid A. Shidqi
- Coastal Science and Policy Program, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Thresher Shark Project Indonesia, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - George L. Shillinger
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Migramar, Forest Knolls, CA, USA
- Upwell, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | - Mahmood S. Shivji
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Abraham B. Sianipar
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Joana F. Silva
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
| | - David W. Sims
- The Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Lara L. Sousa
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julia L. Y. Spaet
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Guy Stevens
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorset, UK
| | - Joshua D. Stewart
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorset, UK
- Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - James A. Sulikowski
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Simon R. Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Michele Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Tickler
- Marine Futures Lab, School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kathy A. Townsend
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Paulo Travassos
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - John P. Tyminski
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Vaudo
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Drausio Veras
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sam B. Weber
- Ascension Island Government Conservation and Fisheries Department, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - R.J. David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin C. Weng
- Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Bradley M. Wetherbee
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jane E. Williamson
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Witt
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Serena Wright
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
| | - Kelly Zilliacus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
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13
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Lubitz N, Bradley M, Sheaves M, Hammerschlag N, Daly R, Barnett A. The role of context in elucidating drivers of animal movement. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9128. [PMID: 35898421 PMCID: PMC9309038 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its consequences for ecological processes and population dynamics, intra-specific variability is frequently overlooked in animal movement studies. Consequently, the necessary resolution to reveal drivers of individual movement decisions is often lost as animal movement data are aggregated to infer average or population patterns. Thus, an empirical understanding of why a given movement pattern occurs remains patchy for many taxa, especially in marine systems. Nonetheless, movement is often rationalized as being driven by basic life history requirements, such as acquiring energy (feeding), reproduction, predator-avoidance, and remaining in suitable environmental conditions. However, these life history requirements are central to every individual within a species and thus do not sufficiently account for the high intra-specific variability in movement behavior and hence fail to fully explain the occurrence of multiple movement strategies within a species. Animal movement appears highly context dependent as, for example, within the same location, the behavior of both resident and migratory individuals is driven by life history requirements, such as feeding or reproduction, however different movement strategies are utilized to fulfill them. A systematic taxa-wide approach that, instead of averaging population patterns, incorporates and utilizes intra-specific variability to enable predictions as to which movement patterns can be expected under a certain context, is needed. Here, we use intra-specific variability in elasmobranchs as a case study to introduce a stepwise approach for studying animal movement drivers that is based on a context-dependence framework. We examine relevant literature to illustrate how this context-focused approach can aid in reliably identifying drivers of a specific movement pattern. Ultimately, incorporating behavioral variability in the study of movement drivers can assist in making predictions about behavioral responses to environmental change, overcoming tagging biases, and establishing more efficient conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lubitz
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael Bradley
- Marine Data Technology HubCollege of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Marcus Sheaves
- Marine Data Technology HubCollege of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ryan Daly
- Oceanographic Research InstituteDurbanSouth Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)MakhandaSouth Africa
| | - Adam Barnett
- Marine Data Technology HubCollege of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
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14
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Trophic position of Otodus megalodon and great white sharks through time revealed by zinc isotopes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2980. [PMID: 35641494 PMCID: PMC9156768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a crucial trait of an animal's lifestyle and ecology. The trophic level of an organism indicates its functional position within an ecosystem and holds significance for its ecology and evolution. Here, we demonstrate the use of zinc isotopes (δ66Zn) to geochemically assess the trophic level in diverse extant and extinct sharks, including the Neogene megatooth shark (Otodus megalodon) and the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). We reveal that dietary δ66Zn signatures are preserved in fossil shark tooth enameloid over deep geologic time and are robust recorders of each species' trophic level. We observe significant δ66Zn differences among the Otodus and Carcharodon populations implying dietary shifts throughout the Neogene in both genera. Notably, Early Pliocene sympatric C. carcharias and O. megalodon appear to have occupied a similar mean trophic level, a finding that may hold clues to the extinction of the gigantic Neogene megatooth shark.
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15
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Türtscher J, Jambura PL, López‐Romero FA, Kindlimann R, Sato K, Tomita T, Kriwet J. Heterodonty and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the dentition of the tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvier
(Chondrichthyes, Galeocerdidae). J Anat 2022; 241:372-392. [PMID: 35428996 PMCID: PMC9296035 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifelong tooth replacement in elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays and skates) has led to the assemblage of a great number of teeth from fossil and extant species, rendering tooth morphology an important character for taxonomic descriptions, analysing phylogenetic interrelationships and deciphering their evolutionary history (e.g. origination, divergence, extinction). Heterodonty (exhibition of different tooth morphologies) occurs in most elasmobranch species and has proven to be one of the main challenges for these analyses. Although numerous shark species are discovered and described every year, detailed descriptions of tooth morphologies and heterodonty patterns are lacking or are only insufficiently known for most species. Here, we use landmark‐based 2D geometric morphometrics on teeth of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier to analyse and describe dental heterodonties among four different ontogenetic stages ranging from embryo to adult. Our results reveal rather gradual and subtle ontogenetic shape changes, mostly characterized by increasing size and complexity of the teeth. We furthermore provide the first comprehensive description of embryonic dental morphologies in tiger sharks. Also, tooth shapes of tiger sharks in different ontogenetic stages are re‐assessed and depicted in detail. Finally, multiple cases of tooth file reversal are described. This study, therefore, contributes to our knowledge of dental traits across ontogeny in the extant tiger shark G. cuvier and provides a baseline for further morphological and genetic studies on the dental variation in sharks. Therefore, it has the potential to assist elucidating the underlying developmental and evolutionary processes behind the vast dental diversity observed in elasmobranch fishes today and in deep time. Using 2D geometric morphometrics, we examined the tooth morphology and heterodonty patterns across ontogeny in extant tiger sharks. Examining tiger sharks in different ontogenetic stages allowed us to provide detailed descriptions of intraspecific tooth variations and to confirm a weak ontogenetic heterodonty in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Türtscher
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy Department of Palaeontology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick L. Jambura
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy Department of Palaeontology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Faviel A. López‐Romero
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy Department of Palaeontology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - René Kindlimann
- Haimuseum und Sammlung R. Kindlimann Aathal‐Seegräben Switzerland
| | - Keiichi Sato
- Okinawa Churashima Research Center Okinawa Churashima Foundation Motobu‐cho Okinawa Japan
- Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium Okinawa Churashima Foundation Motobu‐cho Okinawa Japan
| | - Taketeru Tomita
- Okinawa Churashima Research Center Okinawa Churashima Foundation Motobu‐cho Okinawa Japan
- Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium Okinawa Churashima Foundation Motobu‐cho Okinawa Japan
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy Department of Palaeontology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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16
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Hammerschlag N, McDonnell LH, Rider MJ, Street GM, Hazen EL, Natanson LJ, McCandless CT, Boudreau MR, Gallagher AJ, Pinsky ML, Kirtman B. Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1990-2005. [PMID: 35023247 PMCID: PMC9305416 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given climate change threats to ecosystems, it is critical to understand the responses of species to warming. This is especially important in the case of apex predators since they exhibit relatively high extinction risk, and changes to their distribution could impact predator-prey interactions that can initiate trophic cascades. Here we used a combined analysis of animal tracking, remotely sensed environmental data, habitat modeling, and capture data to evaluate the effects of climate variability and change on the distributional range and migratory phenology of an ectothermic apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Tiger sharks satellite tracked in the western North Atlantic between 2010 and 2019 revealed significant annual variability in the geographic extent and timing of their migrations to northern latitudes from ocean warming. Specifically, tiger shark migrations have extended farther poleward and arrival times to northern latitudes have occurred earlier in the year during periods with anomalously high sea-surface temperatures. A complementary analysis of nearly 40 years of tiger shark captures in the region revealed decadal-scale changes in the distribution and timing of shark captures in parallel with long-term ocean warming. Specifically, areas of highest catch densities have progressively increased poleward and catches have occurred earlier in the year off the North American shelf. During periods of anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, movements of tracked sharks shifted beyond spatial management zones that had been affording them protection from commercial fishing and bycatch. Taken together, these study results have implications for fisheries management, human-wildlife conflict, and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
- Leonard & Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and PolicyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Laura H. McDonnell
- Leonard & Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and PolicyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Mitchell J. Rider
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Garrett M. Street
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
- Quantitative Ecology and Spatial Technologies LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research DivisionNOAA Southwest Fisheries Science CenterMontereyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Natanson
- National Marine Fisheries ServiceNarragansett LaboratoryNOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Camilla T. McCandless
- National Marine Fisheries ServiceNarragansett LaboratoryNOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Melanie R. Boudreau
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
- Quantitative Ecology and Spatial Technologies LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ben Kirtman
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
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17
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van de Geer CH, Bourjea J, Broderick AC, Dalleau M, Fernandes RS, Harris LR, Inteca GE, Kiponda FK, Louro CMM, Mortimer JA, Msangameno D, Mwasi LD, Nel R, Okemwa GM, Olendo M, Pereira MAM, Rees AF, Silva I, Singh S, West L, Williams JL, Godley BJ. Marine turtles of the African east coast: current knowledge and priorities for conservation and research. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Rangel BDS, Moreira RG, Niella YV, Sulikowski JA, Hammerschlag N. Metabolic and nutritional condition of juvenile tiger sharks exposed to regional differences in coastal urbanization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146548. [PMID: 34030348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
How varying levels of human activity, such as proximity and size of the nearest market (i.e., market gravity), influence the nutritional ecology and physiological condition of highly migratory marine predators is poorly understood. In the present study, we used a non-lethal approach to compare the concentration of metabolic hormones (i.e. corticosteroids and thyroid hormones) and plasma fatty acids between juvenile female tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) sampled in two areas of the subtropical north Atlantic, which differed markedly in their levels of coastal urbanization, Florida and the Bahamas (high versus low, respectively). We hypothesized that juvenile female tiger sharks sampled in water surrounding high coastal urbanization (Florida), would exhibit evidence of lower prey quality and higher energetic demands as compared to individuals sampled in relatively less urbanized areas of Northern Bahamas. Results revealed that relative corticosteroid levels (a proxy for energy mobilization) were higher in juvenile female tiger sharks sampled in Florida; however, no differences were found in concentrations of thyroid hormones (proxies of energetic adjustments) between the two locations. We found higher percentages of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (indicative of high prey quality) in juvenile tiger sharks from Florida, whereas higher percentages of bacterial markers (often indicative of domestic sewage effluent) were detected in the individuals sampled in the Bahamas. Taken together, these findings do not suggest that the differences in nutritional quality and metabolic condition found between the two sampling locations can be fully attributed to foraging in areas exposed to differing levels of urbanization. We speculate that these patterns may be due to the highly migratory nature and generalist feeding strategy of this species, even at the juvenile life stage, as well as proximity of sampling locations from shore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca de Sousa Rangel
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuri Vieira Niella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - James A Sulikowski
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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19
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Lear KO, Whitney NM, Morris JJ, Gleiss AC. Temporal niche partitioning as a novel mechanism promoting co-existence of sympatric predators in marine systems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210816. [PMID: 34229487 PMCID: PMC8261200 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Niche partitioning of time, space or resources is considered the key to allowing the coexistence of competitor species, and particularly guilds of predators. However, the extent to which these processes occur in marine systems is poorly understood due to the difficulty in studying fine-scale movements and activity patterns in mobile underwater species. Here, we used acceleration data-loggers to investigate temporal partitioning in a guild of marine predators. Six species of co-occurring large coastal sharks demonstrated distinct diel patterns of activity, providing evidence of strong temporal partitioning of foraging times. This is the first instance of diel temporal niche partitioning described in a marine predator guild, and is probably driven by a combination of physiological constraints in diel timing of activity (e.g. sensory adaptations) and interference competition (hierarchical predation within the guild), which may force less dominant predators to suboptimal foraging times to avoid agonistic interactions. Temporal partitioning is often thought to be rare compared to other partitioning mechanisms, but the occurrence of temporal partitioning here and similar characteristics in many other marine ecosystems (multiple predators simultaneously present in the same space with dietary overlap) introduces the question of whether this is a common mechanism of resource division in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa O Lear
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Whitney
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - John J Morris
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Adrian C Gleiss
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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20
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Storo R, Easson C, Shivji M, Lopez JV. Microbiome Analyses Demonstrate Specific Communities Within Five Shark Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:605285. [PMID: 33643235 PMCID: PMC7904884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.605285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiles of symbiotic microbial communities (“microbiomes”) can provide insight into the natural history and ecology of their hosts. Using high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region, microbiomes of five shark species in South Florida (nurse, lemon, sandbar, Caribbean reef, and tiger) have been characterized for the first time. The microbiomes show species specific microbiome composition, distinct from surrounding seawater. Shark anatomical location (gills, teeth, skin, cloaca) affected the diversity of microbiomes. An in-depth analysis of teeth communities revealed species specific microbial communities. For example, the genus Haemophilus, explained 7.0% of the differences of the teeth microbiomes of lemon and Caribbean reef sharks. Lemon shark teeth communities (n = 11) contained a high abundance of both Vibrio (10.8 ± 26.0%) and Corynebacterium (1.6 ± 5.1%), genera that can include human pathogenic taxa. The Vibrio (2.8 ± 6.34%) and Kordia (3.1 ± 6.0%) genera and Salmonella enterica (2.6 ± 6.4%) were the most abundant members of nurse shark teeth microbial communities. The Vibrio genus was highly represented in the sandbar shark (54.0 ± 46.0%) and tiger shark (5.8 ± 12.3%) teeth microbiomes. The prevalence of genera containing potential human pathogens could be informative in shark bite treatment protocols and future research to confirm or deny human pathogenicity. We conclude that South Florida sharks host species specific microbiomes that are distinct from their surrounding environment and vary due to differences in microbial community composition among shark species and diversity and composition among anatomical locations. Additionally, when considering the confounding effects of both species and location, microbial community diversity and composition varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Storo
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Cole Easson
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Mahmood Shivji
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jose V Lopez
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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21
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Chynel M, Munschy C, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Pollono C, Jaquemet S. Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in two sympatric shark species from Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean): Levels, profiles and maternal transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141807. [PMID: 33181997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) by legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging organic contaminants was investigated in specimens from Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) in 2018 and 2019. Contamination levels were determined in the muscle of adult individuals of both sexes in relation to biological and trophic parameters. Maternal transfer was additionally investigated in one set of embryos in each species. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), organochlorinated pesticide (OCP) and perfluoroalkylated substance (PFAS) concentrations were 2597 ± 2969, 785 ± 966 and 267 ± 194 pg g-1 ww, respectively, in bull sharks, and 339 ± 270, 1025 ± 946 and 144 ± 53 pg g-1 ww in tiger sharks. The results highlighted higher PCB contamination, and by the heavier congeners, in adult bull sharks versus tiger sharks. The significant differences found in PCB profiles and concentrations suggest that the two species are exposed to different contamination sources. As bull sharks rely on a more coastal habitat for feeding, their higher contamination by PCBs suggests the occurrence of local PCB sources. DDT concentrations were similar in both species, suggesting a more homogeneous contamination on the scale of the Southwest Indian Ocean. Female bull sharks showed lower OCP and PCB concentrations than males, while this trend was not observed in tiger sharks. The ratio of chlorinated contaminants in muscle between the mother and her embryos was related to molecule hydrophobicity in bull shark but not in tiger shark, suggesting that shark mode of gestation, known to be different in the two species, is a key driver of organic contaminant maternal transfer. Finally, the results show that organic contaminant levels in the studied species were lower than those of other shark species in the Southern Hemisphere, related to the limited urbanization and industrialization of Reunion Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chynel
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Munschy
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - N Bely
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - S Jaquemet
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion-CNRS-IRD), Avenue René Cassin CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Ile de La Réunion, France
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22
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Pahl KB, Yurkowski DJ, Lees KJ, Hussey NE. Measuring the occurrence and strength of intraguild predation in modern food webs. FOOD WEBS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2020.e00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Le Croizier G, Lorrain A, Sonke JE, Jaquemet S, Schaal G, Renedo M, Besnard L, Cherel Y, Point D. Mercury isotopes as tracers of ecology and metabolism in two sympatric shark species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114931. [PMID: 32590319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In coastal ecosystems, top predators are exposed to a wide variety of nutrient and contaminant sources due to the diversity of trophic webs within inshore marine habitats. Mercury contamination could represent an additional threat to shark populations that are declining worldwide. Here we measured total mercury, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, as well as mercury isotopes, in two co-occurring shark species (the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas and the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier) and their potential prey from a coastal ecosystem of the western Indian Ocean (La Réunion Island). Our primary goals were to (i) determine the main trophic Hg sources for sharks and (ii) better characterize their diet composition and foraging habitat. Hg isotope signatures (Δ199Hg and δ202Hg) of shark prey suggested that bull sharks were exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) produced in offshore epipelagic waters, while tiger sharks were exposed to offshore mesopelagic MeHg with additional microbial transformation in slope sediments. Δ199Hg values efficiently traced the ecology of the two predators, demonstrating that bull sharks targeted coastal prey in shallow waters while tiger sharks were mainly foraging on mesopelagic species in the deeper waters of the island slope. Unexpectedly, we found a positive shift in δ202Hg (>1‰) between sharks and their prey, leading to high δ202Hg values in the two shark species (e.g. 1.91 ± 0.52‰ in bull sharks). This large shift in δ202Hg indicates that sharks may display strong MeHg demethylation abilities, possibly reflecting evolutionary pathways for mitigating their MeHg contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Croizier
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Anne Lorrain
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jeroen E Sonke
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- Laboratoire ENTROPIE, UMR 9220 CNRS/IRD/Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 92003, 97744, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Gauthier Schaal
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marina Renedo
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucien Besnard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - David Point
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
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Caira JN, Jensen K, Pickering M, Ruhnke TR, Gallagher KA. Intrigue surrounding the life-cycles of species of Clistobothrium (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) parasitising large pelagic sharks. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:1043-1055. [PMID: 32979336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to locate the adults, and thus also the definitive hosts, of three species of marine mammal-parasitising larval cestodes that have molecular affinities with Clistobothrium. New collections led to the discovery of adults of two new species of Clistobothrium, one from the longfin mako shark and one from the salmon shark. New material of Clistobothrium tumidum was collected from the great white shark and new material of a previously reported undescribed species of Clistobothrium was collected from the porbeagle shark. Larvae of Clistobothrium were opportunistically collected from sockeye salmon and four species of small squaliform sharks. Sequence data for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene were generated for all but one of these taxa. The tree resulting from maximum likelihood analysis of those data, in combination with comparable data from GenBank, indicates that squaliform sharks can serve as intermediate hosts for the species from the porbeagle shark. The larvae from salmon exhibit a unique molecular signature and, based on diet data, may be conspecific with adults from the salmon shark. Informed by sequence data for new material of Monorygma and existing data for Phyllobothrium, the larvae provisionally identified as Monorygma grimaldii and Phyllobothrium delphini were formally transferred to Clistobothrium. Especially puzzling was that the molecular signatures of none of the eight species of Clistobothrium match those of the three marine mammal-parasitising larval forms. We are at a loss as to where else to look for the three corresponding adult forms. The great white shark remains the most likely candidate given it consumes marine mammals with some regularity, but seems unlikely to host five species of Clistobothrium. Alternatively, we are left wondering if the large marine mammal predator Carcharocles megalodon may not be extinct after all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine N Caira
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.
| | - Kirsten Jensen
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Maria Pickering
- Department of Biological Sciences, Meredith College, 3800 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Timothy R Ruhnke
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Barron Drive, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Kaitlin A Gallagher
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, British Columbia VOR 1B0, Canada
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Le Croizier G, Lorrain A, Schaal G, Ketchum J, Hoyos-Padilla M, Besnard L, Munaron JM, Le Loc'h F, Point D. Trophic resources and mercury exposure of two silvertip shark populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126645. [PMID: 32283423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide shark populations have experienced rapid declines over the last decades, mainly due to overfishing. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have thus become an indispensable tool for the protection of these marine predators. Two recently-created MPAs in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, the Revillagigedo National Park and Clipperton Atoll, are characterized by different trophic structures potentially influencing the trophic niche and contaminant exposure of resident sharks in these two sites. In this context, we used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyzes as well as total mercury concentrations ([THg]) to assess the effect of foraging site on the trophic niche and Hg levels of juvenile silvertip (ST) sharks Carcharhinus albimarginatus. Analyzing fin clip samples from Revillagigedo and Clipperton, we found that shark δ15N varied spatially in relation to δ15N baselines, suggesting similar trophic position in both MPAs. Moreover, δ13C values indicated that ST sharks from Revillagigedo would feed on different food webs (i.e. both benthic and pelagic) while individuals from Clipperton would only rely on benthic food webs. These differences between MPAs led to a weak overlap of isotopic niches between the two populations, highlighting the site residency of juvenile ST sharks. Within each population, [THg] was not correlated with trophic tracers (δ15N and δ13C) and was also similar between populations. This study revealed no influence of site or food web in [THg] and raises the question of the origin of Hg exposure for reef shark populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Croizier
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France; Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Anne Lorrain
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gauthier Schaal
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - James Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico; Fins Attached Marine Conservation, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Lucien Besnard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - David Point
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
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Ajemian MJ, Drymon JM, Hammerschlag N, Wells RJD, Street G, Falterman B, McKinney JA, Driggers WB, Hoffmayer ER, Fischer C, Stunz GW. Movement patterns and habitat use of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) across ontogeny in the Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234868. [PMID: 32667920 PMCID: PMC7363083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is globally distributed with established coastal and open-ocean movement patterns in many portions of its range. While all life stages of tiger sharks are known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), variability in habitat use and movement patterns over ontogeny have never been quantified in this large marine ecosystem. To address this data gap we fitted 56 tiger sharks with Smart Position and Temperature transmitting tags between 2010 and 2018 and examined seasonal and spatial distribution patterns across the GoM. Additionally, we analyzed overlap of core habitats (i.e., 50% kernel density estimates) among individuals relative to large benthic features (oil and gas platforms, natural banks, bathymetric breaks). Our analyses revealed significant ontogenetic and seasonal differences in distribution patterns as well as across-shelf (i.e., regional) and sex-linked variability in movement rates. Presumably sub-adult and adult sharks achieved significantly higher movement rates and used off-shelf deeper habitats at greater proportions than juvenile sharks, particularly during the fall and winter seasons. Further, female maximum rate of movement was higher than males when accounting for size. Additionally, we found evidence of core regions encompassing the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration designated Habitat Areas of Particular Concern (i.e., shelf-edge banks) during cooler months, particularly by females, as well as 2,504 oil and gas platforms. These data provide a baseline for future assessments of environmental impacts, such as climate variability or oil spills, on tiger shark movements and distribution in the region. Future research may benefit from combining alternative tracking tools, such as acoustic telemetry and genetic approaches, which can facilitate long-term assessment of the species’ movement dynamics and better elucidate the ecological significance of the core habitats identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Ajemian
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Marcus Drymon
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, Mississippi, United States of America
- Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Causeway, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Abess Center for Ecosystem Science & Policy, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - R. J. David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Garrett Street
- Quantitative Ecology & Spatial Technologies Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi State, United States of America
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi State, United States of America
| | - Brett Falterman
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. McKinney
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - William B. Driggers
- NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Hoffmayer
- NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory W. Stunz
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States of America
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Salinas-de-León P, Fierro-Arcos D, Suarez-Moncada J, Proaño A, Guachisaca-Salinas J, Páez-Rosas D. A matter of taste: Spatial and ontogenetic variations on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark at the Galapagos Marine Reserve. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222754. [PMID: 31539419 PMCID: PMC6754146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks are top predators across ocean food webs and have a major ecological role in marine ecosystems. Investigating the trophic ecology of this group of species is thus essential to understand ecosystem functioning and inform specific management actions aimed at shark conservation. The Galapagos Islands represent one of the last ocean wildernesses, where populations of sharks and other top marine predators come close to a pristine status. Here we provide the first study on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) within the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), using a combination of stable isotope analysis, satellite tracking, and passive acoustic telemetry to investigate ontogenetic and spatial variations at two regions. The mean estimated δ13C and δ15N at Isabela island (western region) were -13.9 ± 0.5‰ and 13.7 ± 0.7‰; and for Santa Cruz island (central region) were -13.8 ± 0.3‰ and 13.4 ± 0.7‰, respectively. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were the main prey item for large tiger sharks (>280 cm TL), while smaller sharks mainly fed on squid and pelagic fish. Tiger sharks exhibited a high degree of philopatry around green sea-turtle nesting areas, with the majority of sharks detected around green sea-turtle nesting areas for at least 10 months after their capture date, and some individuals were even present during the entire three-year study period. Although we did not report statistically significant differences between the two regions, isotopic and electronic tagging data suggest that tiger sharks in the Galapagos could be segregated into specific populations separated by geographical scales of <100 km. The high productivity of the archipelago, along with the protection from industrial fishing granted by the GMR, result in abundant and predictable sources of prey. This high food abundance, combined with the presence of suitable habitats throughout the tiger shark life cycle, might result in a reduction of migratory behaviours when compared to movement patterns of tiger sharks in other ocean basins. Additional studies using genetic tools could provide further evidence on the presence of separate management units, as it has been recently revealed for other shark species inhabiting the GMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denisse Fierro-Arcos
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | | | - Alberto Proaño
- Galapagos National Park, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | | | - Diego Páez-Rosas
- Galapagos National Park, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Galapagos Science Center, Isla San Cristóbal, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
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Galván-Magaña F, Castillo-Geniz JL, Hoyos-Padilla M, Ketchum J, Klimley AP, Ramírez-Amaro S, Torres-Rojas YE, Tovar-Ávila J. Shark ecology, the role of the apex predator and current conservation status. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:61-114. [PMID: 31606070 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding studies, since traditional stomach content analysis to stable isotopes analyses, provides insights into the trophic relationship among the apex predators and the ecosystems they inhabit. The Pacific Coast of Mexico (PCM) is inhabited by 62 known species (or 12%) of living sharks, which belong to 21 families and 34 genera. We divide the Pacific Coast of Mexico (PCM) into four regions for consideration: (1) the western coast of Baja California (WcBJ), (2) the Gulf of California (GC), (3) the Central Pacific Mexican (CPM), and (4) the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT). Biodiversity is highest in the GC, with 48 shark species, followed by the WcBJ with 44 species, then the CPM with 28 species and the GT with 26 species. Few large species (>2m in total length) function as top predators in any region, with a greater number of smaller shark species (<1.5m total length). Information about the trophic ecology of different shark species is included to know the ecological role and position of each shark species within a food web to understand the dynamics of marine communities and the impact that each species has on trophic net, which is critical to effective resource conservation and responsible exploitation. The different shark species predate mainly on coastal or oceanic waters. The coastal sharks feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes; whereas the oceanic species predate mainly on squids and fishes from mesopelagic to epipelagic habits. Also is included a summary of the IUCN Red List category assigned to all shark species from the Mexican Pacific. Thirty-one percent (19 species) of sharks in the Mexican Pacific are considered as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable). Of these, 4.9% (3 species) are Endangered and 26.2% (15 species) are Vulnerable. In addition, since 2012 the fishing of shark and rays has been closed between 1 May and 31 July in the Mexican Pacific as a conservative management measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico.
| | - José Leonardo Castillo-Geniz
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, National Fisheries and Aquaculture Institute, Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera Ensenada, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | | | - A Peter Klimley
- Biotelemetry Consultants and Contractors, Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Amaro
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Palma, Spain; Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Yassir Eden Torres-Rojas
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (EPOMEX-UAC), Campeche, Mexico
| | - Javier Tovar-Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INAPESCA), Centro Regional de Investigacion Pesquera (CRIP), La Cruz de Huanacaxtle, Nayarit, Mexico
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Connan M, Hall G, Smale M. Effects of pre-treatments on bulk stable isotope ratios in fish samples: A cautionary note for studies comparisons. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:291-302. [PMID: 30414205 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis (SIA) has revolutionised ecological studies over the past thirty years. One of the major fields where SIA is applied in the marine environment is related to the definition of ecosystem structure and function. With marine top predators such as sharks, SIA is a method of choice because tissue samples can be collected without the sacrifice of the animal. In elasmobranch research, the influence of compounds such as urea, trimethylamine oxide and lipids must be considered when using stable isotopes as ecological markers. Currently, a range of pre-treatments are used to chemically remove these molecules prior to SIA. METHODS This study investigated the impact of eleven commonly used pre-treatments on carbon and nitrogen contents and C:N atomic ratio, as well as carbon and nitrogen SI ratios in elasmobranch tissues and its prey, measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Three tissues were tested: blood and muscle of the ragged-tooth shark Carcharias taurus, and muscle of one teleost species, the Cape knifejaw Oplegnathus conwayi. RESULTS Compared with untreated samples, no trend or generalisation could be highlighted with the influence of pre-treatments being species-, tissue- and chemical-element-dependent. For the δ13 C and δ15 N values, differences among pre-treatments were as high as 3‰, therefore potentially leading to erroneous ecological interpretation. CONCLUSIONS The chemical properties of compounds (e.g. urea, lipids) combined with the polarity of solutions (e.g. water, solvents) explained a large part of these observations. This study highlights that pre-treatments need to be considered especially when comparing carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios between studies. The results of this study provide a call to all stable isotope researchers to make a concerted effort to standardise pre-treatment methods. This is crucial as global reviews are becoming increasingly more informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Connan
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Grant Hall
- UP Stable Isotope Laboratory, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Smale
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
- Port Elizabeth Museum, PO Box 13147 Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 6013, South Africa
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Bazzi M, Kear BP, Blom H, Ahlberg PE, Campione NE. Static Dental Disparity and Morphological Turnover in Sharks across the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2607-2615.e3. [PMID: 30078565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) mass extinction profoundly altered vertebrate ecosystems and prompted the radiation of many extant clades [1, 2]. Sharks (Selachimorpha) were one of the few larger-bodied marine predators that survived the K-Pg event and are represented by an almost-continuous dental fossil record. However, the precise dynamics of their transition through this interval remain uncertain [3]. Here, we apply 2D geometric morphometrics to reconstruct global and regional dental morphospace variation among Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) and Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks). These clades are prevalent predators in today's oceans, and were geographically widespread during the late Cretaceous-early Palaeogene. Our results reveal a decoupling of morphological disparity and taxonomic richness. Indeed, shark disparity was nearly static across the K-Pg extinction, in contrast to abrupt declines among other higher-trophic-level marine predators [4, 5]. Nevertheless, specific patterns indicate that an asymmetric extinction occurred among lamniforms possessing low-crowned/triangular teeth and that a subsequent proliferation of carcharhiniforms with similar tooth morphologies took place during the early Paleocene. This compositional shift in post-Mesozoic shark lineages hints at a profound and persistent K-Pg signature evident in the heterogeneity of modern shark communities. Moreover, such wholesale lineage turnover coincided with the loss of many cephalopod [6] and pelagic amniote [5] groups, as well as the explosive radiation of middle trophic-level teleost fishes [1]. We hypothesize that a combination of prey availability and post-extinction trophic cascades favored extant shark antecedents and laid the foundation for their extensive diversification later in the Cenozoic [7-10].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bazzi
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeobiology Programme, Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Benjamin P Kear
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henning Blom
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Ahlberg
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolás E Campione
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeobiology Programme, Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, New South Wales, Australia.
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31
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Daly R, Smale MJ, Singh S, Anders D, Shivji M, K. Daly CA, Lea JSE, Sousa LL, Wetherbee BM, Fitzpatrick R, Clarke CR, Sheaves M, Barnett A. Refuges and risks: Evaluating the benefits of an expanded MPA network for mobile apex predators. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Daly
- Save Our Seas Foundation - D'Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC); Genève Switzerland
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld; Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Malcolm J. Smale
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld; Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Environmental Affairs; Government of South Africa; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Darrell Anders
- Department of Environmental Affairs; Government of South Africa; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Mahmood Shivji
- Department of Biological Sciences; The Guy Harvey Research Institute; Nova Southeastern University; Dania Beach FL USA
| | - Clare A. K. Daly
- Save Our Seas Foundation - D'Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC); Genève Switzerland
| | | | - Lara L. Sousa
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney UK
| | - Bradley M. Wetherbee
- Department of Biological Sciences; The Guy Harvey Research Institute; Nova Southeastern University; Dania Beach FL USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Rhode Island; Kingston RI USA
| | - Richard Fitzpatrick
- College of Science & Engineering; James Cook University; Cairns QLD Australia
| | | | - Marcus Sheaves
- College of Science & Engineering; James Cook University; Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Adam Barnett
- College of Science & Engineering; James Cook University; Cairns QLD Australia
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