1
|
Pfeiffer SEM, Quesada-Masachs E, McArdle S, Zilberman S, Yesildag B, Mikulski Z, von Herrath M. Effect of IL4 and IL10 on a human in vitro type 1 diabetes model. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109076. [PMID: 35817292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We defined the effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10 on an in vitro model of human T1D. After preincubation with IL4 or IL10, human islet microtissues were co-cultured with PBMC and proinflammatory cytokines for a few hours or for multiple days to assess acute and chronic effects. This resulted in an immune attack with infiltration of T cells into the islet, a loss of beta cell endocrine function, and an upregulation of HLA-I on the beta cells. HLA-I upregulation was associated with infiltration of T cells and both HLA-I expression and infiltration were associated with impaired insulin secretion. Preincubation with IL4 or IL10 did not preserve beta cell function but decreased infiltration of T cells. Our data support the hypothesis that a loss of beta cell endocrine function mediates an increase in beta cell specific antigen presentation. IL4 and IL10 failed to preserve beta cell endocrine function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao L, Jiang W, Liu H, Chen Z, Lin Y. Receptor-selective interleukin-4 mutein attenuates laser-induced choroidal neovascularization through the regulation of macrophage polarization in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1367. [PMID: 34659513 PMCID: PMC8515545 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization has been recognized as an important inflammatory regulator in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). However, the mechanisms regulating macrophage activation and polarization, as well as their effects on angiogenesis and CNV, have not yet been elucidated. IL-4 is implicated in macrophage activation and exerts different functions in various diseases through several receptors. In the current study, the effect of IL-4 muteins on CNV was investigated in vivo. CNV was induced by laser coagulation in wild type mice. IL-4 muteins were recombined into adenoviruses and injected into mice via the tail vein. To evaluate CNV, fluorescein fundus angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed on day 7 after coagulation. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the levels of inflammatory markers. AdIL-4/Q116E, an adenovirus-expressed recombinant IL-4 mutein, selectively activated macrophages, alleviated laser-induced CNV in mice with reduced expression of M2 macrophages and increased the expression of M1 macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated and delta-like 4 (Dll4) in CNV lesions was upregulated. Employing AdIL-4/Q116E, a IL-4RI-selective mutein, may serve as a new strategy for CNV therapy. Moreover, the results indicated that Dll4 signaling served an important role in the regulation of macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limo Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan 410205, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Lin
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Tang RS, Shi Z, Li JQ. Nuclear factor‐κB in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1627-1635. [PMID: 32965792 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China & department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-Shuang Tang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China & department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China & department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Qi Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China & department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu B, Bi D, Yao L, Li T, Gu L, Xu H, Li X, Li H, Hu Z, Xu X. The inhibitory activity of alginate against allergic reactions in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Food Funct 2020; 11:2704-2713. [PMID: 32163080 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Marine seaweed polysaccharides have been considered as a potential resource for antiallergic therapy. Alginate is an acidic linear polysaccharide and soluble dietary fiber that was extracted from brown algae, Laminaria japonica. The molecular weight of alginate was 108 kDa, and its water solution exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics, including viscoelasticity and shear-thinning behavior. The ability of alginate to inhibit allergic reactions was investigated in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mice, which have been widely used as a mouse model of egg allergy. The results showed that alginate could effectively attenuate the occurrence of allergic reactions, including improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelial villi and inhibition of mast cell degranulation in the jejunum, in OVA-induced mice. Moreover, after treatment with alginate, the levels of IgE, histamine and IL-4 in OVA-induced mice were remarkably decreased, and the levels of IFN-γ were markedly increased. In addition, the number of Treg cells in spleen tissues in OVA-induced mice was increased by alginate, and the OVA-induced differentiation of Th0 cells into Th2 cells was significantly inhibited. These results demonstrate that alginate possesses potential antiallergic activities in a mouse model of egg allergy, which might provide important evidence that alginate, extracted from Laminaria japonica, can be developed into a novel functional food for inhibiting egg allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boming Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Decheng Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Liang Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Özçay N, Özdemir H, Besim H. Role of platelet-rich fibrin on intestinal anastomosis wound healing in a rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:045006. [PMID: 29565259 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab8e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the intestinal anastomotic wound healing in a mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. METHODS Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into four groups: Group I (n = 10): anastomosis to normal bowel; Group II (n = 10): anastomosis after I/R injury; Group III (n = 10): anastomosis and PRF; Group IV: anastomosis after I/R and PRF. Animals were followed up for 7 days, then sacrificed. Anastomotic complications, anastomosis bursting pressures and histopathologic evaluations of the anastomoses were the study parameters. RESULTS The I/R injury caused more anastomotic adhesion and very low anastomotic bursting pressure when compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). Application of PRF onto the bowel, however, dramatically decreased the local complications and significantly increased the anastomosis bursting pressures (p < 0.01). Histologic evaluation of the anastomoses showed almost complete healing in all animals. The mean histologic scores of the animals were not different between the groups. CONCLUSION PRF has a beneficial effect on the intestinal healing process by prevention of local complications and increases the tensile strain of the anastomosis. This effect was more prominent, particularly when healing is disrupted. Therefore, we conclude that PRF could be an alternative treatment option to prevent anastomotic complications for elderly, co-morbid and emergency patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Necdet Özçay
- Department of General Surgery, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abril-Gil M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À, Castell M. Effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on immune response and anaphylaxis in a food allergy model in Brown Norway rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:317-26. [PMID: 26601599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cocoa intake decreased Th2 immune-related antibodies in rats. In consequence, we aimed to study in depth this cocoa action, particularly assessing its effect on a rat model of food allergy (FA) and also on an anaphylactic response. The involvement of the intestinal immune system was analyzed to allow the action mechanisms to be investigated. The role of cocoa flavonoids in the antiallergic properties of cocoa was also established. Brown Norway rats were fed either a reference diet or diets containing conventional cocoa (CC) or nonfermented cocoa (NFC). FA to ovalbumin (OVA) was induced and, later, an anaphylactic response was provoked. As expected, the synthesis of anti-OVA IgE and other Th2-related antibodies was inhibited by CC diet. In addition, the release of mast cell protease II after anaphylaxis was partially prevented by CC, although other variables were not modified. The CC diet also attenuated the increase of some Th2-related cytokines released from mesenteric lymph node and spleen cells, and modulated the intestinal gene expression of molecules involved in allergic response. These results demonstrated the local and systemic influence of CC diet. The effects of the NFC diet were weaker than those of CC, suggesting that cocoa components other than flavonoids play a role in cocoa's action. In conclusion, by acting on intestinal and systemic immune functions, a cocoa-enriched diet in rats exhibited a protective effect against FA and partially against anaphylaxis, making this a food of high interest to the fields of health and immunonutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Abril-Gil
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Espanya; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Espanya; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Àngels Franch
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Espanya; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Espanya; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin Y, Chen Z, Kato S. Receptor-selective IL-4 mutein modulates inflammatory vascular cell phenotypes and attenuates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:116-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
8
|
Construction of a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing IL-18BP/IL-4 fusion gene and the anti-inflammatory effect induced by this gene on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated synovial fibroblasts. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
9
|
Herbert AS, Heffron L, Sundick R, Roberts PC. Incorporation of membrane-bound, mammalian-derived immunomodulatory proteins into influenza whole virus vaccines boosts immunogenicity and protection against lethal challenge. Virol J 2009; 6:42. [PMID: 19393093 PMCID: PMC2679740 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza epidemics continue to cause morbidity and mortality within the human population despite widespread vaccination efforts. This, along with the ominous threat of an avian influenza pandemic (H5N1), demonstrates the need for a much improved, more sophisticated influenza vaccine. We have developed an in vitro model system for producing a membrane-bound Cytokine-bearing Influenza Vaccine (CYT-IVAC). Numerous cytokines are involved in directing both innate and adaptive immunity and it is our goal to utilize the properties of individual cytokines and other immunomodulatory proteins to create a more immunogenic vaccine. Results We have evaluated the immunogenicity of inactivated cytokine-bearing influenza vaccines using a mouse model of lethal influenza virus challenge. CYT-IVACs were produced by stably transfecting MDCK cell lines with mouse-derived cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-2 and IL-4) fused to the membrane-anchoring domain of the viral hemagglutinin. Influenza virus replication in these cell lines resulted in the uptake of the bioactive membrane-bound cytokines during virus budding and release. In vivo efficacy studies revealed that a single low dose of IL-2 or IL-4-bearing CYT-IVAC is superior at providing protection against lethal influenza challenge in a mouse model and provides a more balanced Th1/Th2 humoral immune response, similar to live virus infections. Conclusion We have validated the protective efficacy of CYT-IVACs in a mammalian model of influenza virus infection. This technology has broad applications in current influenza virus vaccine development and may prove particularly useful in boosting immune responses in the elderly, where current vaccines are minimally effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Herbert
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ratthé C, Girard D. Investigation of the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-4 receptor system in promyelocytic leukaemia PLB-985 cells during differentiation toward neutrophil-like phenotype: mechanism involved in IL-4-induced SOCS3 protein expression. Br J Haematol 2007; 140:59-70. [PMID: 18005266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 4 (IL-4)/IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) system in promyelocytes is not well documented. Here, we used promyelocytic leukaemia PLB-985 cells differentiated with dimethylsulfoxide (PLB-985D) toward neutrophil-like phenotype to investigate the IL-4/IL-4R system. PLB-985 cells did not express CD132 (gammac) but expressed the complete IL-4 type II receptor (IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1). Moreover, PLB-985 cells lost surface expression of IL-13Ralpha1 during differentiation, resulting in PLB-985D cells expressing only IL-4Ralpha fully responsive to IL-4, as judged by activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Janus kinase 1. IL-4 also increased suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) protein level in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 exclusively in PLB-985D cells. As the IL-4Ralpha chain has been associated with a component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, we used PLB-985-gp91(phox) deficient cells (mimicking chronic granulomatous disease, X-CGD), to investigate the IL-4/IL-4R system in X-CGD-D cells. IL-4 was found to activate MAP kinases in X-CGD-D cells but did not up-regulate SOCS3, in contrast to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-6. Utilization of catalase, cycloheximide and genistein inhibitors showed that IL-4 induced SOCS3 by a mechanism dependent on a complete NADPH oxidase complex, protein synthesis and tyrosine phosphorylation, but independent of production of reactive oxygen species. We conclude that IL-4 induces cell signalling in promyelocytes expressing only IL-4Ralpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Ratthé
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu JH, Li AX, Zhu XQ, Feng LQ, Xie MQ. The effect of turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) shell extract in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100701327781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
In this study, cutaneous role of IL-4 in UVB-induced apoptosis was investigated using transgenic mice with skin-specific expression of IL-4 (IL-4 Tg mice). The transgenic mice did not show any gross clinical abnormalities. However, epidermis was thickened and increased MHC class II positive cells were detected as well as enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha in skin. In addition, histological analysis revealed increased infiltration of lymphocytes, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis in skin of IL-4 Tg mice. The physiological effect of IL-4 overexpression in skin against environmental stimulus such as UVB was investigated by irradiating wild-type and IL-4 Tg mice with UVB followed by evaluation of apoptosis. The result demonstrated suppressed apoptosis in epidermis of IL-4 Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. To further assess anti-apoptotic function of IL-4 in keratinocytes, stable cell clones were made where IL-4 was constitutively overexpressed and examined for UVB-induced apoptosis. The results showed that apoptosis was remarkably decreased in IL-4 over-expressing cell clones compared with that in mock transfected cells. Collectively, data presented here shows that IL-4 has an inhibitory effect against UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes, suggesting that IL-4 may be an important regulator in cutaneous immunity against UVB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Hwang
- Laboratory of Dermatology-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gold JR, Perkins GA, Erb HN, Ainsworth DM. Cytokine Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Septic and Healthy Neonatal Foals. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
14
|
Acacia de Sa Pinheiro A, Morrot A, Chakravarty S, Overstreet M, Bream JH, Irusta PM, Zavala F. IL-4 induces a wide-spectrum intracellular signaling cascade in CD8+T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:1102-10. [PMID: 17200144 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0906583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-4 has distinct effects on the differentiation and functional properties of CD8+ T cells. In vivo studies have shown that it is critical for the development of protective memory responses against tumors and infections by Leishmania and Plasmodium parasites. The intracellular signaling events mediated by IL-4/IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) interactions on CD4+ T cells have been studied extensively; however, the nature of IL-4-induced signaling on CD8+ T cells has not been characterized. Using naïve, activated, as well as differentiated CD8+ T cells, we show that IL-4 has a strong in vivo and in vitro antiapoptotic effect on activated and resting CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate that IL-4 induces the phosphorylation of the IL-4R, which is followed by the activation of at least two distinct intracellular signaling cascades: the Jak1/STAT6 and the insulin receptor substrate/PI-3K/protein kinase B pathways. We also found that IL-4 induces the Jak3-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear migration of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in naïve, activated, as well as differentiated, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells. The induction of this broad signaling activity in CD8+ T cells coincides with a transcriptional activity of suppressors of cytokine signaling genes, which are decreased significantly in comparison with CD4+ T cells. To our knowledge, this report constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of the signaling events that shape CD8+ T cell responses to IL-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Acacia de Sa Pinheiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nindl I, Dang C, Forschner T, Kuban RJ, Meyer T, Sterry W, Stockfleth E. Identification of differentially expressed genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by microarray expression profiling. Mol Cancer 2006; 5:30. [PMID: 16893473 PMCID: PMC1569867 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process indicated by several genes up- or down-regulated during tumor progression. This study examined and identified differentially expressed genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results Three different biopsies of 5 immunosuppressed organ-transplanted recipients each normal skin (all were pooled), actinic keratosis (AK) (two were pooled), and invasive SCC and additionally 5 normal skin tissues from immunocompetent patients were analyzed. Thus, total RNA of 15 specimens were used for hybridization with Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray technology containing 22,283 genes. Data analyses were performed by prediction analysis of microarrays using nearest shrunken centroids with the threshold 3.5 and ANOVA analysis was independently performed in order to identify differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05). Verification of 13 up- or down-regulated genes was performed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and genes were additionally confirmed by sequencing. Broad coherent patterns in normal skin vs. AK and SCC were observed for 118 genes. Conclusion The majority of identified differentially expressed genes in cutaneous SCC were previously not described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Forschner
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf J Kuban
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Monbijoustr. 2, D-10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Institut of Pathology and Molecularbiology (IPM), Lademannbogen 61, D-22339 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sterry
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJJ, Mouhyi J, Gogly B. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part III: leucocyte activation: a new feature for platelet concentrates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 101:e51-5. [PMID: 16504851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) belongs to a new generation of platelet concentrates, with simplified processing and without biochemical blood handling. In this third article, we investigate the immune features of this biomaterial. During PRF processing, leucocytes could also secrete cytokines in reaction to the hemostatic and inflammatory phenomena artificially induced in the centrifuged tube. We therefore undertook to quantify 5 significant cell mediators within platelet poor plasma supernatant and PRF clot exudate serum: 3 proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), an antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-4), and a key growth promoter of angiogenesis (VEGF). Our data are correlated with that obtained in plasma (nonactivated blood) and in sera (activated blood). These initial analyses revealed that PRF could be an immune regulation node with inflammation retrocontrol abilities. This concept could explain the reduction of postoperative infections when PRF is used as surgical additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Dohan
- Biophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris V, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao J, Killedar S, Cornelius JG, Nguyen C, Cha S, Peck AB. Sjögren's syndrome in the NOD mouse model is an interleukin-4 time-dependent, antibody isotype-specific autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2006; 26:90-103. [PMID: 16413168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
NOD.B10-H2b and NOD/LtJ mice manifest many features of primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), respectively, an autoimmune disease affecting primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes). A previous study suggested that the T(H2) cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, plays an integral role in the development and onset of SjS-like disease in the NOD mouse model. To define further the role of IL-4 in onset of murine SjS-like disease, we have examined two IL4 gene knockout (KO) mouse strains, NOD.IL4-/- and NOD.B10-H2b.IL4-/-. Unlike NOD.IL4-/- mice, NOD.B10-H2b.IL4-/- mice are resistant to development of diabetes. The presence of a dysfunctional IL4 gene did not impede leukocyte infiltration of the salivary glands, yet prevented development of secretory dysfunction. Whereas NOD.B10-H2b.IL4-/- mice exhibited many pathophysiological manifestations of SjS-like disease common to the parental strains, these mice failed to produce anti-muscarinic acetylcholine type-3 receptor (M3R) autoantibodies of the IgG1 isotype. Cytokine mRNA expression profiles and adoptive transfers of T lymphocytes from NOD.B10-H2b.Gfp mice into NOD.B10-H2b.IL4-/- mice at different ages suggest IL-4 is required during the pre-clinical disease stage (around 12 weeks of age) to initiate clinical xerostomia. The results of this study indicate that the failure of NOD.IL4-/- and NOD.B10-H2b.IL4-/- mice to synthesize anti-M3R autoantibodies of the IgG1 isotype apparently explains why these mice fail to develop exocrine gland dysfunction, despite exhibiting pre-clinical manifestations of SjS-like disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amylases/analysis
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/genetics
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/physiology
- Lacrimal Apparatus/immunology
- Lacrimal Apparatus/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/immunology
- Saliva/enzymology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Submandibular Gland/chemistry
- Submandibular Gland/immunology
- Submandibular Gland/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shin HY, Park SJ, Seo SW, Hong SH, Um JY, Lee SH, Lee SH, Shin JY, Shin TY, Park YS, Yang DC, Kim HM. Gamibojungikki-tang decreases immobility time on the forced swimming test and increases interferon-gamma production from MOLT-4 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 102:113-9. [PMID: 16026948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamibojungikki-tang (GBIT) has been used for the purpose of development of physical strength in Korea. We investigated the anti-immobility effect of GBIT on the forced swimming test (FST) and then measured the blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose (Glc); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); creatine kinase (CK) and total protein (TP). GBIT (0.01, 0.1, 1 g/kg) was orally administered to mice for 7 days. After 7 days, the immobility time was significantly decreased in the GBIT-administration group (105.0+/-12.1 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (152.3+/-16.2 s). The contents of Glc and TP in the blood serum were significantly increased in GBIT-administration group (1g/kg) compared with control group, while LDH was significantly decreased. Surface phenotyping of spleen cells by FACS analysis revealed an increasing tendency of CD4+ and CD8+ number, without statistical significance. In addition, GBIT (0.01-1 mg/ml) increased the interferon-gamma and interlukin-2 levels in MOLT-4 T-cells. These results suggest that GBIT may be useful in the immune function improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ziegelbauer K, Gantner F, Lukacs NW, Berlin A, Fuchikami K, Niki T, Sakai K, Inbe H, Takeshita K, Ishimori M, Komura H, Murata T, Lowinger T, Bacon KB. A selective novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-beta) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti-inflammatory activity. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145:178-92. [PMID: 15753951 PMCID: PMC1576128 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as asthma are characterized by chronic, cell-mediated inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. 2 Recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells is orchestrated by a variety of mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, or adhesion molecules, the expression of which is regulated via the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). 3 NF-kappaB signaling is controlled by the inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex (IKK), a critical catalytic subunit of which is IKK-beta. 4 We identified COMPOUND A as a small-molecule, ATP-competitive inhibitor selectively targeting IKK-beta kinase activity with a K(i) value of 2 nM. 5 COMPOUND A inhibited stress-induced NF-kappaB transactivation, chemokine-, cytokine-, and adhesion molecule expression, and T- and B-cell proliferation. 6 COMPOUND A is orally bioavailable and inhibited the release of LPS-induced TNF-alpha in rodents. 7 In mice COMPOUND A inhibited cockroach allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and efficiently abrogated leukocyte trafficking induced by carrageenan in mice or by ovalbumin in a rat model of airway inflammation. 8 COMPOUND A was well tolerated by rodents over 3 weeks without affecting weight gain. 9 Furthermore, in mice COMPOUND A suppressed edema formation in response to arachidonic acid, phorbol ester, or edema induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity. 10 These data suggest that IKK-beta inhibitors offer an effective therapeutic approach for inhibiting chronic pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bian K, Zhong M, Harari Y, Lai M, Weisbrodt N, Murad F. Helminth regulation of host IL-4Ralpha/Stat6 signaling: mechanism underlying NOS-2 inhibition by Trichinella spiralis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:3936-41. [PMID: 15741272 PMCID: PMC554809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409461102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infection is known to alter host T cell activation and has been used to study immune and inflammatory reactions in which nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile player. We previously demonstrated that Trichinella spiralis infection inhibits host inducible NO synthase (NOS-2) expression. We now demonstrate that (i) an IL-4 receptor alpha-subunit (IL-4Ralpha)/Stat6-dependent but T cell-independent pathway is the key for the nematode-induced host NOS-2 inhibition; (ii) endogenous IL-4 and IL-13, the only known IL-4Ralpha ligands, are not required for activating the pathway; and (iii) treatment of RAW264.7 cells with parasite-cultured medium inhibits NOS-2 expression but not cyclooxygenase 2 expression. We propose that a yet-unidentified substance is released by the nematode during the host-parasite interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Bian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim GY, Oh WK, Shin BC, Shin YI, Park YC, Ahn SC, Lee JD, Bae YS, Kwak JY, Park YM. Proteoglycan isolated from Phellinus linteus inhibits tumor growth through mechanisms leading to an activation of CD11c+CD8+ DC and type I helper T cell-dominant immune state. FEBS Lett 2004; 576:391-400. [PMID: 15498569 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2004] [Revised: 09/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are known to not only induce the activation of T cells, but are also associated with the polarization of T cells. This study investigated whether or not proteoglycan (PG) isolated from Phellinus linteus induces the phenotypic and functional maturation of CD11c+ DC in vitro and in vivo. PG was found to induce the phenotypic and functional maturation of bone marrow-derived DC via Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 in vitro. Administration of PG in vivo strongly inhibited the MCA-102 tumor growth and increase in vivo. The ratio of CD8+ DC to CD8- DC increased, and PG enhanced IL-12 and IFN-gamma production, and expression of surface molecules including major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) classes I, MHC II, CD80, and CD86 in MCA-102-challenged mice. PG also caused a marked increase in the production of Th (helper T cells)-1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a decrease in the production of Th-2 cytokine (IL-4) by splenic cells and inguinal lymph node cells in MCA-102 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, PG stimulated the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, a combination of PG and tumor lysate-pulsed DC inhibited completely the growth of MCA-102 cells in tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that the administration of PG inhibited the tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th-1 dominant immune state and the activation of CD11cCD8+ DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Ami-dong 1-10, Seo-gu, Pusan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pereira NF, Hansen JA, Lin MT, Roxo VMMS, Braun K, Petzl-Erler ML. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in endemic pemphigus foliaceus: a possible role for IL6 variants. Cytokine 2004; 28:233-41. [PMID: 15566952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against desmoglein 1, which lead to the loss of adhesion among keratinocytes (acantholysis). Variants of HLA class II genes have been the only genetic factors found to modulate susceptibility to EPF. This study aims at investigating the influence of cytokine genetic variants in the pathogenesis of EPF, since they may affect the expression levels of these immunomodulatory molecules. The sample included 168 patients and 189 controls and was comprised of mostly Caucasoids and Mulattos. The approach consisted of a case-control association study and the alleles were identified by mismatched PCR-RFLP. No associations were found with variants of IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R and IL10. There was a weak negative association with the haplotype -1082G -592C (OR=0.49) of the IL10 gene in Mulattos. In regard to polymorphism -590 of the IL4 gene, a positive association with the T/T genotype (OR=2.71) and a negative association with the C variant (OR=0.37) were found. Associations with IL6 -174 variants suggest that the C/C genotype has a protective effect (OR=0.13) while carriers of the G allele are more susceptible (OR=7.66) to EPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Farah Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shin HY, Shin TY, Seo SW, Na HJ, Kwon YT, Song BK, Lee EJ, Kim YK, Hong MC, Shin MK, Hong SH, Kim HM. Decrease of immobility behavior in forced-swimming test and immune system enhancing effect of traditional medicine Gamisipjundaebo-tang. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 79:253-9. [PMID: 15501300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gamisipjundaebo-tang (GSDBT) has been used for the purpose of development of physical strength. In the present study, we investigated the immune enhancing effect induced by GSDBT. We investigated the anti-immobility effect of GSDBT via a forced-swimming test and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and total protein. GSDBT (0.1 and 1 g/kg) was orally administered to mice for 14 days. After 7 and 14 days, as assessed through a forced-swimming test, immobility time was decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group (0.1 and 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group. In addition, after 8 days, the contents of glucose and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood serum were increased, and contents of blood urea nitrogen were decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group. After 15 days, the contents of glucose were increased, and the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen were decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of creatine kinase and total protein level. We also investigated the effect of GSDBT on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and splenocytes. GSDBT significantly increased interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 levels compared with the media control but did not affect IL-4. GSDBT increased the protein expression of IFN-gamma in MOLT-4 cells. These results suggest that GSDBT may be useful in immune function improvement and may also have antifatigue properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu CR, Mahdi RM, Ebong S, Vistica BP, Chen J, Guo Y, Gery I, Egwuagu CE. Cell proliferation and STAT6 pathways are negatively regulated in T cells by STAT1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:737-46. [PMID: 15240659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have emerged as important regulators of cytokine signals in lymphocytes. In this study, we have investigated regulation of SOCS expression and their role in Th cell growth and differentiation. We show that SOCS genes are constitutively expressed in naive Th cells, albeit at low levels, and are differentially induced by Ag and Th-polarizing cytokines. Whereas cytokines up-regulate expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and cytokine-induced Src homology 2 protein, Ags induce down-regulation of SOCS3 within 48 h of Th cell activation and concomitantly up-regulate SOCS1, SOCS2, and cytokine-induced Src homology 2 protein expression. We further show that STAT1 signals play major roles in inducing SOCS expression in Th cells and that induction of SOCS expression by IL-4, IL-12, or IFN-gamma is compromised in STAT1-deficient primary Th cells. Surprisingly, IL-4 is a potent inducer of STAT1 activation in Th2 but not Th1 cells, and SOCS1 or SOCS3 expression is dramatically reduced in STAT1(-/-) Th2 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IL-4-induced STAT1 activation in Th cells, and suggests that its induction of SOCS, may in part, regulate IL-4 functions in Th2 cells. In fact, overexpression of SOCS1 in Th2 cells represses STAT6 activation and profoundly inhibits IL-4-induced proliferation, while depletion of SOCS1 by an anti-sense SOCS1 cDNA construct enhances cell proliferation and induces constitutive activation of STAT6 in Th2 cells. These results are consistent with a model where IL-4 has dual effects on differentiating T cells: it simulates proliferation/differentiation through STAT6 and autoregulates its effects on Th2 growth and effector functions via STAT1-dependent up-regulation of SOCS proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Rong Yu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, BIL Biomedical Research Center, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Beiras-Fernandez A, Thein E, Chappell D, Schropp A, Hammer C. Polyclonal antithymocyte globulins reduce the expression of IL-4 in a non-human primate model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transpl Immunol 2004; 13:9-13. [PMID: 15203123 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 12/30/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a non-specific, antigen independent event, which significantly influences the outcome of transplanted organs. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunological mediator belonging to the interleukin family that mainly regulates the differentiation of T-helper lymphocytes into Th2 phenotype as well as enhances cellular activation, both are important features in IRI. The influence of polyclonal antithymocyte globulins (ATGs) on expression of IL-4 in reperfused tissues of cynomolgus monkeys (n=18) after 60 min of ischemia was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Our results show an inhibition of the production and release of IL-4 by activated lymphocytes in the groups treated with ATGs in comparison to control, although a causal relationship between IL-4 and tissue damage was not demonstrated. Implication of IL-4 as an inflammatory mediator upon IRI must be further investigated.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim TS, Kang BY, Cho D, Kim SH. Induction of interleukin-12 production in mouse macrophages by berberine, a benzodioxoloquinolizine alkaloid, deviates CD4+ T cells from a Th2 to a Th1 response. Immunology 2003; 109:407-14. [PMID: 12807487 PMCID: PMC1782983 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated whether berberine-mediated induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in antigen-presenting cells could regulate a cytokine profile of antigen-primed CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Pretreatment with berberine induced IL-12 production in both macrophages and dendritic cells, and significantly increased the levels of IL-12 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and in CD40 ligand-stimulated dendritic cells. Importantly, berberine pretreatment of macrophages increased their ability to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced their ability to induce IL-4 in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. Berberine did not influence the macrophage cell surface expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex molecule, the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody to cultures of berberine-pretreated macrophages and CD4+ T cells restored IL-4 production in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. The in vivo administration of berberine resulted in the enhanced induction of IL-12 production by macrophages when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes, leading to the inhibition of the Th type 2 cytokine profile (decreased IL-4 and increased IFN-gamma production) in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. These findings may point to a possible therapeutic use of berberine or medicinal plants containing berberine in the Th type 2 cell-mediated immune diseases such as allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae S Kim
- Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ayoub M, Lallouette P, Sütterlin BW, Bessler WG, Huber M, Mittenbühler K. Modulation of the Th1/Th2 bias by an immunoglobulin histamine complex in the ovalbumin allergy mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:523-39. [PMID: 12689657 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with the antiallergic drug Histaglobin is used to treat a broad range of human allergic diseases including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. In order to further elucidate its functional activity, Histaglobin was investigated in an in vivo mouse allergy model. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin either prior to or after Histaglobin treatment, and its antiallergic potential was evaluated. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice exhibited increased serum levels of IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and an increase of total and ovalbumin-specific IgE; total and ovalbumin-specific IgG levels were also elevated. Subsequent administration (therapeutic treatment) of Histaglobin resulted in a decrease of total and specific serum IgE levels; total and specific IgG1 serum levels were reduced by more than 50% and 45%, respectively; the mice displayed a down-regulation of IL-4 and TNF-alpha serum levels and showed increased levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a. Mice pretreated with Histaglobin, prior to ovalbumin sensitization (prophylactic treatment), were found to be widely unresponsive to ovalbumin. They exhibited higher serum levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a (total and specific) compared to saline-treated control mice. The inhibitory effects were still observed 1 month post-immunization. Our data, indicating a Histaglobin-induced modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance in favour of Th1, correspond with the well-known antiallergic activity of Histaglobin observed in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ayoub
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, AG Tumorimmunologie/Vakzine, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str 8, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Butler NS, Monick MM, Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS, Hunninghake GW. Altered IL-4 mRNA stability correlates with Th1 and Th2 bias and susceptibility to hypersensitivity pneumonitis in two inbred strains of mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 169:3700-9. [PMID: 12244163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown in a model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that Th1-biased C57BL/6 mice are susceptible and Th2-biased DBA/2 mice are resistant to disease. We also showed that this was explained in part by differential regulation of IL-12 by IL-4. For these reasons, we postulated that C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice differentially express IL-4. In this study, we show that C57BL/6 immune cells express Th2 but not Th1 cytokines at lower levels than DBA/2 cells. We also found that C57BL/6 splenocytes exhibit decreased mRNA stability of Th2 cytokines, relative to DBA/2 splenocytes. Stability of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were similar in the two strains of mice. Differences in Th2 cytokine mRNA stability between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 cells were not due to sequence polymorphism at specific regions of the IL-4/IL-13 locus. Furthermore, expression of Th1- and Th2-specific transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3, as well as the nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription factor, NFATc, was not significantly different between the two mice. Our data suggest that decreased mRNA stability of Th2 cytokines in C57BL/6 splenocytes may underlie the differential susceptibility to hypersensitivity pneumonitis between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Moreover, our results indicate that regulation of mRNA stability may serve as an important mechanism underlying Th1/Th2 immune polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah S Butler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pahl A, Zhang M, Kuss H, Szelenyi I, Brune K. Regulation of IL-13 synthesis in human lymphocytes: implications for asthma therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:1915-26. [PMID: 11959794 PMCID: PMC1573320 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1. IL-13 is an important mediator in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. IL-13 is mainly produced by T cells. However, signalling pathways leading to induction of this cytokine are not well-characterized. We analysed the regulation of IL-13 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4(+) T cells. 2. Cyclosporine (CsA) and FK-506 inhibited IL-13 synthesis, when cells were stimulated by TPA/ionomycin. However, stimulation by alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 led to an enhanced IL-13 synthesis. 3. NF-kappa B inhibitor N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK) inhibited IL-13 synthesis more effectively after TPA/ionomycin stimulation. After alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulation, only 300 microM TLCK inhibited IL-13 synthesis. Dexamethasone inhibited IL-13 equally effective after alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 and TPA/ionomycin stimulation. 4. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited IL-13 synthesis only partially. MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited TPA/ionomycin induced IL-13 synthesis very effectively, whereas alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulated IL-13 induction was resistant to this drug. 5. These results were confirmed in purified CD4(+) T cells. In difference to PBMCs alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulated IL-13 synthesis was effectively inhibited by CsA, FK-506 and U0126. 6. Therefore U0126 was tested in an animal model of allergic asthma. We could demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of the MEK - ERK cascade is a therapeutic option for asthma. Intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg kg(-1) U0126 reduced lung eosinophilia in ovalbumin-challenged Brown Norway rats by 44%. 7. These results demonstrate that different signalling pathways are involved in regulating IL-13 synthesis in primary human T cells. Characterizing highly potent inhibitors of IL-13 synthesis can be exploited to identify new drugs to treat immunological diseases such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pahl
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
El Azab SR, Rosseel PMJ, de Lange JJ, Groeneveld ABJ, van Strik R, van Wijk EM, Scheffer GJ. Dexamethasone decreases the pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio during cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:496-501. [PMID: 12066724 DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.4.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines regulate inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Pro-inflammatory cytokines may cause myocardial dysfunction and haemodynamic instability after CPB, but the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines is potentially protective. We studied the effects of dexamethasone on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS Seventeen patients were studied: nine patients received dexamethasone 100 mg before induction of anaesthesia (group 1) and eight patients acted as controls (group 2). Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-4 were measured perioperatively. RESULTS TNF-alpha and IL-8 did not increase significantly in group 1 whereas they increased in group 2 to greater than preoperative values (P<0.05). IL-6 increased in both groups, with lower values in group 1 than in group 2 (P<0.05). IL-10 increased in both groups, with higher values in group 1 (P<0.05). IL-4 did not change in group 1 but decreased in group 2 compared with pre-induction values (P<0.05). After surgery, patients in group 2 had tachycardia, hyperthermia, a greater respiratory rate and higher pulmonary artery pressure, and a longer stay in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone given before cardiac surgery changes circulating cytokines in an anti-inflammatory direction. Postoperative outcome may be improved by inhibition of the systemic inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R El Azab
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|