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Chen Y, Wu J. Aging-Related Sarcopenia: Metabolic Characteristics and Therapeutic Strategies. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0407. [PMID: 38739945 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the elderly population is gradually increasing as a result of medical care advances, leading to a subsequent surge in geriatric diseases that significantly impact quality of life and pose a substantial healthcare burden. Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and quality, affects a considerable portion of older adults, particularly the elderly, and can result in adverse outcomes such as frailty, fractures, bedridden, hospitalization, and even mortality. Skeletal muscle aging is accompanied by underlying metabolic changes. Therefore, elucidating these metabolic profiles and specific mechanisms holds promise for informing prevention and treatment strategies for sarcopenia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key metabolites identified in current clinical studies on sarcopenia and their potential pathophysiological alterations in metabolic activity. Besides, we examine potential therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia from a perspective focused on metabolic regulation.
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Jorgenson KW, Hibbert JE, Sayed RKA, Lange AN, Godwin JS, Mesquita PHC, Ruple BA, McIntosh MC, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD, Hornberger TA. A novel imaging method (FIM-ID) reveals that myofibrillogenesis plays a major role in the mechanically induced growth of skeletal muscle. eLife 2024; 12:RP92674. [PMID: 38466320 PMCID: PMC10928493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in mechanical loading, such as that which occurs during resistance exercise, induces radial growth of muscle fibers (i.e. an increase in cross-sectional area). Muscle fibers are largely composed of myofibrils, but whether radial growth is mediated by an increase in the size of the myofibrils (i.e. myofibril hypertrophy) and/or the number of myofibrils (i.e. myofibrillogenesis) is not known. Electron microscopy (EM) can provide images with the level of resolution that is needed to address this question, but the acquisition and subsequent analysis of EM images is a time- and cost-intensive process. To overcome this, we developed a novel method for visualizing myofibrils with a standard fluorescence microscope (fluorescence imaging of myofibrils with image deconvolution [FIM-ID]). Images from FIM-ID have a high degree of resolution and contrast, and these properties enabled us to develop pipelines for automated measurements of myofibril size and number. After extensively validating the automated measurements, we used both mouse and human models of increased mechanical loading to discover that the radial growth of muscle fibers is largely mediated by myofibrillogenesis. Collectively, the outcomes of this study offer insight into a fundamentally important topic in the field of muscle growth and provide future investigators with a time- and cost-effective means to study it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Jorgenson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Jamie E Hibbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Ramy KA Sayed
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Anthony N Lange
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Troy A Hornberger
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
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Hämäläinen O, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Alén M, Sipilä S, Hautala A. Low physical activity is a risk factor for sarcopenia: a cross-sectional analysis of two exercise trials on community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38424514 PMCID: PMC10905947 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study explores the prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia in two exercise trial populations. These study groups are clinically meaningful community-dwelling populations at increased risk for sarcopenia: older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and those with a recent hip fracture (HF). METHODS Data from 313 older adults who did not meet the PA guidelines (60% women; age 74.5 ± 3.8, body mass index 27.9 ± 4.7) and 77 individuals with HF diagnosed on average 70 ± 28 days earlier (75% women; age 79.3 ± 7.1, body mass index 25.3 ± 3.6) were included in this study. Grip strength and muscle mass (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and bioimpedance analysis in participants with HF) were used to assess sarcopenia according to the European Working Group in Older People 2019 (EWGSOP2) criteria. The current level of PA was self-reported using a question with seven response options in both study groups and was measured with a hip-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia was 3% (n = 8) and 13% (n = 41) in the older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and 3% (n = 2) and 40% (n = 31) in the HF group, respectively. In the age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model, the lowest levels of self-reported PA were associated with increased probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.3-6.1, p = 0.009) and in the HF group (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4-11.3, p = 0.012). No significant associations between accelerometer-measured PA and probable sarcopenia or sarcopenia were found. CONCLUSIONS Probable sarcopenia is common among community-dwelling older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and very common among individuals recovering from HF who are able to be involved in exercise interventions. In addition, since low PA is associated with higher probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk, it is recommended to screen for sarcopenia and promote regular physical activity to prevent sarcopenia in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Hämäläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anna Tirkkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Savikangas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markku Alén
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto Hautala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Champaiboon J, Petchlorlian A, Manasvanich BA, Ubonsutvanich N, Jitpugdee W, Kittiskulnam P, Wongwatthananart S, Menorngwa Y, Pornsalnuwat S, Praditpornsilpa K. Calf circumference as a screening tool for low skeletal muscle mass: Cut-off values in independent Thai older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:826. [PMID: 38066438 PMCID: PMC10709895 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calf circumference is recommended as a marker for low muscle mass and as a case finding in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the cut-off value differed by ethic and region. Currently there is no study among Thai population. Therefore, we aimed to identify the optimal cutoff value of calf circumference as a screening tool for low skeletal muscle mass in independent Thai older adults. Subgroup analysis was performed for obesity and adults over 75 years. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort studied in an outpatient geriatric check-up clinic. Participants, aged 60 and above, needed to be independent in basic activities of daily living to meet the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria comprised active malignancy, cardiac, pulmonary, or neurovascular diseases necessitating hospitalization in the preceding three months, chronic renal diseases requiring renal replacement therapy, and unstable psychiatric disorders. We measured the maximum calf circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Low muscle mass is defined according to the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus. RESULTS We enrolled 6,404 elderly adults (mean age 67.3 ± 5.1 years), with a 47% prevalence of low muscle mass in women and 25% in men. Lower muscle mass significantly correlated with reduced BMI and waist circumference in both genders (p < 0.001). Optimal cut-off values for low muscle mass screening were < 33 cm (sensitivity 80.1%, specificity 60.5%) for women and < 34 cm (sensitivity 85.4%, specificity 70.2%) for men. Subgroup analysis for those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² suggested raising the cut-off for women to < 34 cm (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 54.0%) and for men to < 35 cm (sensitivity 88.7%, specificity 55.2%) to enhance specificity without substantial sensitivity loss. In the older-old adult subgroup (≥ 75 years), optimal cut-off values were < 33 cm (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 79.9%) for women and < 34 cm (sensitivity 75.6%, specificity 87.0%) for men. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong correlation between calf circumference and ASMI in independent Thai older adults. Calf circumference can serve as a screening tool for identifying low muscle mass. The recommended cut-off values for men and women are 34 cm and 33 cm, respectively in alignment with AWGS 2019 recommendation. Incorporating a 1-cm higher cut-off value for obese older adults improves the accuracy of muscle mass screening. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai clinical trial registry: TCTR20200511003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapa Champaiboon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aisawan Petchlorlian
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhorn-Ake Manasvanich
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattaphon Ubonsutvanich
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Jitpugdee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supharada Wongwatthananart
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Menorngwa
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Nursing, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Pornsalnuwat
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa
- Geriatric Excellence Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Arroyo E, Leber CA, Burney HN, Narayanan G, Moorthi R, Avin KG, Warden SJ, Moe SM, Lim K. Relationship between klotho and physical function in healthy aging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21158. [PMID: 38036596 PMCID: PMC10689840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between circulating Klotho and physical function; however, the cohorts were comprised of older adults with multiple comorbidities. Herein, we examined the relationship between Klotho and physical function in a community-based cohort of healthy adults. In this cross-sectional study, serum Klotho was measured in 80 adults who visited the Musculoskeletal Function, Imaging, and Tissue Resource Core of the Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health. Participants (n = 20, 10 [50%] men per group) were chosen into four age groups: 20-34, 35-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years, and were further grouped based on performance (low vs. high) on grip strength and chair stand tests. Klotho levels were lower in the ≥ 65 years group (703.0 [189.3] pg/mL; p = 0.022) and the 50-64 years group (722.6 [190.5] pg/mL; p = 0.045) compared to 20-34 years (916.1 [284.8] pg/mL). No differences were observed in Klotho between the low and high performers. The ≥ 65 years group walked a shorter distance during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) compared to 20-34 years (p = 0.005). Klotho was correlated with age (p < 0.001), body fat (p = 0.037), and 6MWT distance (p = 0.022). Klotho levels decline as early as the fifth decade of life, potentially before the onset of age-related impairment in exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cecilia A Leber
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Heather N Burney
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gayatri Narayanan
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ranjani Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Callegari S, Mirzaei F, Agbaria L, Shariff S, Kantawala B, Moronge D, Ogendi BMO. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Sarcopenia: Considerations, Current Insights, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17018. [PMID: 38069340 PMCID: PMC10707505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia poses a significant challenge to public health and can severely impact the quality of life of aging populations. Despite extensive efforts to study muscle degeneration using traditional animal models, there is still a lack of effective diagnostic tools, precise biomarkers, and treatments for sarcopenia. Zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools in biomedical research, providing unique insights into age-related muscle disorders like sarcopenia. The advantages of using zebrafish models include their rapid growth outside of the embryo, optical transparency during early developmental stages, high reproductive potential, ease of husbandry, compact size, and genetic tractability. By deepening our understanding of the molecular processes underlying sarcopenia, we may develop novel diagnostic tools and effective treatments that can improve the lives of aging individuals affected by this condition. This review aims to explore the unique advantages of zebrafish as a model for sarcopenia research, highlight recent breakthroughs, outline potential avenues for future investigations, and emphasize the distinctive contributions that zebrafish models offer. Our research endeavors to contribute significantly to address the urgent need for practical solutions to reduce the impact of sarcopenia on aging populations, ultimately striving to enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Callegari
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Laboratory, Cardiology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Foad Mirzaei
- Faculty of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University after Mikhtar Heratsi, 2 Koryun, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (F.M.); (L.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Lila Agbaria
- Faculty of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University after Mikhtar Heratsi, 2 Koryun, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (F.M.); (L.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Sanobar Shariff
- Faculty of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University after Mikhtar Heratsi, 2 Koryun, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (F.M.); (L.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Burhan Kantawala
- Faculty of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University after Mikhtar Heratsi, 2 Koryun, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (F.M.); (L.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Desmond Moronge
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Brian M. O. Ogendi
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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Cavalheiro A, Afonso S, Silva M, Ramalhão N, Machado J, Magalhães S. Evaluation of Probable Sarcopenia's Prevalence in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients Using Ishii's Score. Cureus 2023; 15:e49158. [PMID: 38130551 PMCID: PMC10733612 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength related to age and comorbidities. Worldwide sarcopenia's prevalence varies between 10-40%, being associated with functional impairment, lower quality of life, and higher mortality. Sarcopenia can be estimated based on age, calf circumference, and handgrip strength (Ishii's formula). Early diagnosis is essential because treatment with nutritional support and rehabilitation programs can prevent complications. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of probable sarcopenia in hospitalized patients using Ishii's score and possible associated risk factors. METHODS We developed an observational prospective study in a medicine inpatient ward of a Central Hospital. We applied Ishii's formula to the patients admitted to the medical ward in December 2021 and January 2022. Patients should be aged 60 or above and able to collaborate with the tests. One year later, we analyzed re-hospitalization and mortality rates. Patients with edema of the lower limbs, who were not able to follow instructions, and who were admitted exclusively for symptomatic treatment were excluded. RESULTS Our final sample was 49 patients (55% males, mean age 78 ± 8.88 years). Only one patient had a previous diagnosis of sarcopenia. Estimated sarcopenia´s prevalence was 73.5% N=36), higher in men and people with three or more comorbidities. In the sarcopenic group, 77% had some degree of functional dependency and positive markers for malnutrition. After one year of follow-up, we found a higher mortality rate in the sarcopenic group (44.4% against 7.6%) and a higher number of re-hospitalizations (1.03 hospitalizations per patient, against 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the prevalence of probable sarcopenia is high, but this pathology is still underdiagnosed. Traditional diagnosis is complex in some hospital settings and a simple tool such as Ishii's score can help to improve diagnostic rates. We suggest screening all patients at admission to provide early rehabilitation and nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cavalheiro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Sara Afonso
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Marta Silva
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Nuno Ramalhão
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - João Machado
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Sandra Magalhães
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT
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8
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Park SH, Lee H. Effectiveness of Combined Exercise and Nutrition Interventions in Preventing and Improving Sarcopenia in Frail or Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2023; 16:312-320. [PMID: 37616483 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20230817-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The current systematic review compared whether combined exercise and nutrition interventions are effective in preventing or improving sarcopenia in frail older adults and healthy older adults. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched for randomized controlled trials. Of the 1,596 citations, 22 trials (N = 1,767) were included in the final sample. In frail older adults, significant improvement after combined exercise and nutrition interventions was observed in seven indicators: skeletal muscle index, 0.16 kg/m2; handgrip, 1.41 kg; knee extension strength, 0.24 Nm; five-repetition chair-stand test, -1.89 sec; gait speed, 0.06 m/s; Short Physical Performance Battery, 0.43; and Timed Up and Go test, -0.56 sec. In healthy older adults, two indicators improved and showed statistically significant differences: handgrip, 2.15 kg; and 6-Minute Walking Test, 9.71 m. Combined exercise and nutritional interventions can improve skeletal muscle quality, strength, and physical performance in frail and healthy older adults. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(6), 312-320.].
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Sükei E, Romero-Medrano L, de Leon-Martinez S, Herrera López J, Campaña-Montes JJ, Olmos PM, Baca-Garcia E, Artés A. Continuous Assessment of Function and Disability via Mobile Sensing: Real-World Data-Driven Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47167. [PMID: 37902823 PMCID: PMC10644188 DOI: 10.2196/47167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional limitations are associated with poor clinical outcomes, higher mortality, and disability rates, especially in older adults. Continuous assessment of patients' functionality is important for clinical practice; however, traditional questionnaire-based assessment methods are very time-consuming and infrequently used. Mobile sensing offers a great range of sources that can assess function and disability daily. OBJECTIVE This work aims to prove the feasibility of an interpretable machine learning pipeline for predicting function and disability based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 outcomes of clinical outpatients, using passively collected digital biomarkers. METHODS One-month-long behavioral time-series data consisting of physical and digital activity descriptor variables were summarized using statistical measures (minimum, maximum, mean, median, SD, and IQR), creating 64 features that were used for prediction. We then applied a sequential feature selection to each WHODAS 2.0 domain (cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation) in order to find the most descriptive features for each domain. Finally, we predicted the WHODAS 2.0 functional domain scores using linear regression using the best feature subsets. We reported the mean absolute errors and the mean absolute percentage errors over 4 folds as goodness-of-fit statistics to evaluate the model and allow for between-domain performance comparison. RESULTS Our machine learning-based models for predicting patients' WHODAS functionality scores per domain achieved an average (across the 6 domains) mean absolute percentage error of 19.5%, varying between 14.86% (self-care domain) and 27.21% (life activities domain). We found that 5-19 features were sufficient for each domain, and the most relevant being the distance traveled, time spent at home, time spent walking, exercise time, and vehicle time. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the feasibility of using machine learning-based methods to assess functional health solely from passively sensed mobile data. The feature selection step provides a set of interpretable features for each domain, ensuring better explainability to the models' decisions-an important aspect in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Sükei
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Lorena Romero-Medrano
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Evidence-Based Behavior S.L., Leganés, Spain
| | - Santiago de Leon-Martinez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Kempelen Institute of Intelligent Technologies, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús Herrera López
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Evidence-Based Behavior S.L., Leganés, Spain
| | | | - Pablo M Olmos
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Grupo de Tratamiento de Señal, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Evidence-Based Behavior S.L., Leganés, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nîmes, France
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Artés
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Evidence-Based Behavior S.L., Leganés, Spain
- Grupo de Tratamiento de Señal, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Chen WJ, Livneh H, Li HH, Wang YH, Lu MC, Tsai TY, Chien KY. Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine Was Related to Lower Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Sarcopenia Patients: Evidence from Population-Based Health Claims. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3345-3354. [PMID: 37576913 PMCID: PMC10417589 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s416705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With population aging, sarcopenia and its accompanying risk of osteoporotic fracture has drawn increased attention. Nowadays, while Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is often used as complementary therapy for many medical conditions, its effect against likelihood of osteoporotic fracture among sarcopenia subjects was not fully elucidated yet. We therefore conducted a population-level study to compare osteoporotic fracture risk for sarcopenia persons with or without CHM use. Methods Using the patient record from a nationwide insurance database, we recruited persons with newly diagnosed sarcopenia and simultaneously free of osteoporotic fracture between 2000 and 2010. Propensity score matching was then applied to randomly select sets of CHM users and non-CHM users. All of them were tracked until end of 2013 to measure the incidence and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for new new-onset fracture in multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results Compared to non-CHM users, the CHM users indeed had a lower incidence of osteoporotic fracture (121.22 vs 156.61 per 1000 person-years). Use of CHM correlated significantly with a lower fracture likelihood after adjusting for potential covariates, and those receiving CHM treatment for more than two years experienced a remarkably lower risk by 73%. Uses of several herbal formulae were correlated to reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture, such as Caulis Spatholobi, Xuduan, Duzhong, Danshen, Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang, Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang, Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao-Tang, and Shen-Tong-Zhu-Yu -Tang. Conclusion Our study depicted that cumulative CHM exposure was inversely associated with osteoporotic fracture risk in a duration-dependent manner, implying that CHM treatment may be embraced as routine care in preventing incident osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
- Center of Sports Medicine, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Hanoch Livneh
- Rehabilitation Counseling Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Hsin-Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Center of Sports Medicine, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
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11
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Pickhardt PJ, Correale L, Hassan C. AI-based opportunistic CT screening of incidental cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia: cost-effectiveness analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:1181-1198. [PMID: 36670245 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy of AI-assisted abdominal CT-based opportunistic screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia using artificial intelligence (AI) body composition algorithms. METHODS Markov models were constructed and 10-year simulations were performed on hypothetical age- and sex-specific cohorts of 10,000 U.S. adults (base case: 55 year olds) undergoing abdominal CT. Using expected disease prevalence, transition probabilities between health states, associated healthcare costs, and treatment effectiveness related to relevant conditions (CV disease/osteoporosis/sarcopenia) were modified by three mutually exclusive screening models: (1) usual care ("treat none"; no intervention regardless of opportunistic CT findings), (2) universal statin therapy ("treat all" for CV prevention; again, no consideration of CT findings), and (3) AI-assisted abdominal CT-based opportunistic screening for CV disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia using automated quantitative algorithms for abdominal aortic calcification, bone mineral density, and skeletal muscle, respectively. Model validity was assessed against published clinical cohorts. RESULTS For the base-case scenarios of 55-year-old men and women modeled over 10 years, AI-assisted CT-based opportunistic screening was a cost-saving and more effective clinical strategy, unlike the "treat none" and "treat all" strategies that ignored incidental CT body composition data. Over a wide range of input assumptions beyond the base case, the CT-based opportunistic strategy was dominant over the other two scenarios, as it was both more clinically efficacious and more cost-effective. Cost savings and clinical improvement for opportunistic CT remained for AI tool costs up to $227/patient in men ($65 in women) from the $10/patient base-case scenario. CONCLUSION AI-assisted CT-based opportunistic screening appears to be a highly cost-effective and clinically efficacious strategy across a broad array of input assumptions, and was cost saving in most scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Heatlh, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Loredana Correale
- Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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12
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Zhu L, Zong X, Shi X, Ouyang X. Association between Intrinsic Capacity and Sarcopenia in Hospitalized Older Patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:542-549. [PMID: 37498101 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and sarcopenia in hospitalized older patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Hospital-based. PARTICIPANTS This study included 381 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years (225 men and 156 women). MEASUREMENTS IC was evaluated in five domains defined by the World Health Organization: cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), locomotion (Short Physical Performance Battery test), vitality (Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment), sensory (self-reported hearing and vision) and psychological (5-item Geriatric Depression Scale) capacities. IC composite score (0-5) was calculated based on five domains, with lower scores representing greater IC. Sarcopenia was defined in accordance with the criteria recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between IC composite score and IC domains with sarcopenia and its defining components. RESULTS The mean age of 381 patients included was 81.95±8.42 years. Of them, 128 (33.6%) patients had sarcopenia. The median IC composite score was 1 (1, 2). Cognition, locomotion, vitality, sensory and psychological capacities were impaired in 22.6%, 63.5%, 18.9%, 27.3% and 11.3% of patients. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that favorable IC domain scores in cognition, locomotion and vitality were associated with a stronger handgrip strength. A higher vitality score was associated with a greater appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and a higher locomotion score was associated with a greater gait speed. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only vitality impairment was associated with sarcopenia. A higher IC composite score was associated with higher risks of sarcopenia, as well as low ASMI, handgrip strength and gait speed. CONCLUSION This study indicated that a more serious impairment of IC was associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia. Vitality was the domain most strongly associated with sarcopenia. IC may be employed to detect and manage sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Xiaojun Ouyang, Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, E-mail:
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13
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Troutman AD, Arroyo E, Lim K, Moorthi RN, Avin KG. Skeletal Muscle Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:410-421. [PMID: 36149594 PMCID: PMC10064704 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the recent literature investigating the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle changes, interventions for skeletal muscle, and effects of exercise in chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS There are multiple CKD-related changes that negatively impact muscle size and function. However, the variability in the assessment of muscle size, in particular, hinders the ability to truly understand the impact it may have in CKD. Exercise interventions to improve muscle size and function demonstrate inconsistent responses that warrant further investigation to optimize exercise prescription. Despite progress in the field, there are many gaps in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of sarcopenia of CKD. Identifying these gaps will help in the design of interventions that can be tested to target muscle loss and its consequences such as impaired mobility, falls, and poor quality of life in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, CF-326, 1140 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, CF-326, 1140 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Ko CH, Chuang HY, Wu SJ, Yu SC, Chang YF, Chang CS, Wu CH. Changes of sarcopenia case finding by different Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in community indwelling middle-aged and old people. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1041186. [PMID: 36425107 PMCID: PMC9680091 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an emerging issue, but there is no universal consensus regarding its screening and diagnosis, especially regarding the influence of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 new definition on the prevalence of community-dwelling adults. To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia between the 2019 and 2014 definitions, a cross-sectional study including 606 normal nutritional status subjects (203 men/403 women; mean age 63.3 ± 10.0 years) was performed. Sarcopenic parameters, including calf circumference, grip strength, 6-m gait speed, and bioelectrical-impedance-analysis-derived skeletal mass index (SMI), were evaluated. According to the 2019 AWGS definition, the prevalence of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia among community-dwelling adults was 7.4 and 2.8%, respectively. There were highly consistent findings regarding sarcopenia between the 2019 and 2014 AWGS definitions according to Cohen's kappa coefficient (0.668). However, the prevalence of possible sarcopenia according to 2014 and 2019 AWGS in males increased 7.9%; in contrast, sarcopenia decreased from 7.4 to 3.7% in females (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AWGS 2019 definition is more convenient for sarcopenia case screening and remains considerably consistent in sarcopenia identification in community-dwelling adults in Taiwan. The discordance of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia by sex is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ying Chuang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chun Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fan Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Armstrong W, Costa C, Poveda L, Miller AN, Ambrosini A, Hsu FC, Kiani B, Martin RS, Stitzel JD, Weaver AA. Effects of muscle quantity and bone mineral density on injury and outcomes in older adult motor vehicle crash occupants. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2022; 23:S86-S91. [PMID: 36190765 PMCID: PMC9839521 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2124864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Quantify the independent and combined effects of abdominal muscle quantity and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) on injury risk and in-hospital outcomes in severely injured motor vehicle crash (MVC) occupants ages 50 and older.Methods: Skeletal muscle area measurements of MVC occupants were obtained through semi-automated segmentation of an axial computed tomography (CT) slice at the L3 vertebra. An occupant height-normalized Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was calculated - a defining metric of sarcopenia and low muscle mass (sarcopenia thresholds: <38.5 cm2/m2 females; <52.4 cm2/m2 males). Lumbar BMD was obtained using a validated, phantomless CT calibration method (osteopenia threshold: <145 mg/cm3). SMI and BMD values were used to categorize occupants, and logistic regression was used to associate sarcopenia, osteopenia, and osteosarcopenia predictors to injury outcomes (e.g., Injury Severity Score (ISS), maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) score, fractures) and hospital outcomes (e.g., length of stay, ICU days).Results: Of the 336 occupants, 210 (63%) were female (mean ± SD: age 66.3 ± 10.6). SMI was 41.7 ± 8.0 cm2/m2 in females and 51.2 ± 10.8 cm2/m2 in males. Based on SMI, 40% of females and 55% of males were classified as sarcopenic. BMD was 163.2 ± 38.3 mg/cm3 in females and 164.1 ± 35.4 mg/cm3 in males, with 41% of females and 33% of males classified as osteopenic. Prevalence of both conditions (osteosarcopenia) was similar between females (21%) and males (22%). Incidence of low SMI and BMD increased with age. Sarcopenic individuals were less likely to sustain a MAIS 2+ thorax injury and had longer ICU stays. Osteopenic individuals were more likely to sustain upper extremity injuries and fractures, and were less likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Osteosarcopenic individuals were less likely to be ventilated or admitted to the ICU but tended to spend more time on the ventilator if placed on one.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia was not associated with any injury outcomes, but sarcopenia was associated with thoracic injury and osteopenia was associated with upper extremity injury incidence. Sarcopenia was only associated with ICU length of stay, while osteopenia was only associated with discharge destination. Osteosarcopenia was associated with likelihood of being ventilated, being admitted to the ICU, and with increased length of ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Casey Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Luis Poveda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Anna N. Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8233, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alexander Ambrosini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bahram Kiani
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - R. Shayn Martin
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Joel D. Stitzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ashley A. Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Gautvik KM, Olstad OK, Raue U, Gautvik VT, Kvernevik KJ, Utheim TP, Ravnum S, Kirkegaard C, Wiig H, Jones G, Pilling LC, Trappe S, Raastad T, Reppe S. Heavy-load exercise in older adults activates vasculogenesis and has a stronger impact on muscle gene expression than in young adults. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2022; 19:23. [PMID: 36182918 PMCID: PMC9526277 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-022-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A striking effect of old age is the involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and reduced physiological functions. However, effects of heavy-load exercise in older adults on diseases and functions as predicted by changes in muscle gene expression have been inadequately studied. METHODS Thigh muscle global transcriptional activity (transcriptome) was analyzed in cohorts of older and younger adults before and after 12-13 weeks heavy-load strength exercise using Affymetrix microarrays. Three age groups, similarly trained, were compared: younger adults (age 24 ± 4 years), older adults of average age 70 years (Oslo cohort) and above 80 years (old BSU cohort). To increase statistical strength, one of the older cohorts was used for validation. Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA) was used to identify predicted biological effects of a gene set that changed expression after exercise, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to visualize differences in muscle gene expressen between cohorts and individual participants as well as overall changes upon exercise. RESULTS Younger adults, showed few transcriptome changes, but a marked, significant impact was observed in persons of average age 70 years and even more so in persons above 80 years. The 249 transcripts positively or negatively altered in both cohorts of older adults (q-value < 0.1) were submitted to gene set enrichment analysis using IPA. The transcripts predicted increase in several aspects of "vascularization and muscle contractions", whereas functions associated with negative health effects were reduced, e.g., "Glucose metabolism disorder" and "Disorder of blood pressure". Several genes that changed expression after intervention were confirmed at the genome level by containing single nucleotide variants associated with handgrip strength and muscle expression levels, e.g., CYP4B1 (p = 9.2E-20), NOTCH4 (p = 9.7E-8), and FZD4 (p = 5.3E-7). PCA of the 249 genes indicated a differential pattern of muscle gene expression in young and elderly. However, after exercise the expression patterns in both young and old BSU cohorts were changed in the same direction for the vast majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS The positive impact of heavy-load strength training on the transcriptome increased markedly with age. The identified molecular changes translate to improved vascularization and muscular strength, suggesting highly beneficial health effects for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare M. Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K. Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Lab, Ball State University, Muncie, IN USA
| | - Vigdis T. Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl J. Kvernevik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal Surgical Unit, Arendal, Norway
| | - Solveig Ravnum
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Kirkegaard
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Wiig
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Garan Jones
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Luke C. Pilling
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Lab, Ball State University, Muncie, IN USA
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Mirzai S, Eck BL, Chen PH, Estep JD, Tang WHW. Current Approach to the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review on the Role of Clinical and Imaging Assessments. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009322. [PMID: 35924562 PMCID: PMC9588634 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been established as a predictor of poor outcomes in various clinical settings. It is particularly prevalent in heart failure, a clinical syndrome that poses significant challenges to health care worldwide. Despite this, sarcopenia remains overlooked and undertreated in cardiology practice. Understanding the currently proposed diagnostic process is paramount for the early detection and treatment of sarcopenia to mitigate downstream adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brendan L. Eck
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Po-Hao Chen
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jerry D. Estep
- Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Pharmacological, Nutritional, and Rehabilitative Interventions to Improve the Complex Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101626. [PMID: 36294765 PMCID: PMC9604650 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent condition affecting a growing number of patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with crucial implications for risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Several risk factors have been identified to have a role in osteoporosis development in COPD patients, including corticosteroid therapy, systemic inflammation, smoke, physical activity levels, malnutrition, and sarcopenia. In this scenario, a personalized multitarget intervention focusing on the pathological mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis is mandatory to improve bone health in these frail patients. Specifically, physical exercise, nutritional approach, dietary supplements, and smoke cessation are the cornerstone of the lifestyle approach to osteoporosis in COPD patients, improving not only bone health but also physical performance and balance. On the other hand, pharmacological treatment should be considered for both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients at higher risk of fragility fractures. Despite these considerations, several barriers still affect the integration of a personalized approach to managing osteoporosis in COPD patients. However, digital innovation solutions and telemedicine might have a role in optimizing sustainable networking between hospital assistance and community settings to improve bone health and reduce sanitary costs of the long-term management of COPD patients with osteoporosis.
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Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Carnicero-Carreño JA, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Healthcare cost expenditures associated to frailty and sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:747. [PMID: 36096728 PMCID: PMC9469617 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Frailty and sarcopenia have been related with adverse events, including hospitalization. However, its combined effect with hospitalization-related outcomes, including costs, has not been previously investigated. Our purpose was to explore how frailty, sarcopenia and its interaction could impact on healthcare expenditures. Methods 1358 community-dwelling older adults from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing (TSHA) were included. Sarcopenia was measured using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria fitted to our cohort. Frailty was defined according to Frailty Trait Scale 5 (FTS5) and the Frailty Index fitted to the cut-off points of TSHA population. Hospitalization costs were taken from hospital records and costs were attributed according to Diagnostic-Related Groups, using as the cost base year 2015. Two-part regression models were used to analyze the relationship between frailty and sarcopenia and hospital admission, number of hospitalizations, length of stay and hospitalization costs. Results Sarcopenia was associated only with the probability of being admitted to hospital. Frailty was also associated with higher hospital use, regardless of the frailty tool used, but in addition increased hospital admission costs at follow-up by 23.72% per year and by 19.73% in the full model compared with non-frail individuals. The presence of sarcopenia did not increase the costs of frailty but, by opposite, frailty significantly increased the costs in people with sarcopenia, reaching by 46–56%/patient/year at follow-up. Older adults with frailty and sarcopenia had a higher risk of hospitalization, disregarding the tool used to assess frailty, and higher hospitalization costs (FTS5) in the full model, at the cross-sectional and at the follow-up level. Conclusions Frailty is associated with increased hospitalization costs and accounts for the potential effects of sarcopenia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03439-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Applied Economics, Public Economics and Political Economy, Faculty of Law, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Carnicero-Carreño
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Getafe University Hospital, Getafe, Spain
| | - Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile.,Masters and PhD Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL) and University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Garcia
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Geriatrics Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra de Toledo km 12,500, 28905, Getafe, Spain.
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20
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Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older People with Functional and Nutritional Impairment and Depressive Symptoms: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil and Portugal. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7050096. [PMID: 36136805 PMCID: PMC9498901 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction of quality of life (QoL) with functionality, nutrition and depression has been studied, but few studies have compared different realities. Our objective was to compare the associations of QoL with impaired functionality, nutritional status and depressive symptoms among older people patients treated in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted with primary data from PHC services in Brazil and Portugal with users over 65 years old. Participants’ scores were classified as “impaired” and “preserved” for QoL, functional decline, nutrition and depression. We used Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Our sample had a total of 150 PHC users. We found lower QoL scores in Brazil, which were associated with the risk of functional decline for the domains Physical Functioning, General Health Perceptions, Mental Health dimensions and Physical Health. Nutritional impairment in the group from Portugal included the domains of Vitality and Social Role Functioning. For depressive impairment, Portugal showed an association with the domains Mental Health, Vitality and Social Role Functioning. Conclusions: QoL was associated with functional and nutritional impairment and depressive symptoms, highlighting physical, mental and social characteristics related to the perception of well-being.
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21
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Viecelli C, Ewald CY. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005848. [PMID: 36172603 PMCID: PMC9510838 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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22
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Park D, Park CJ, Jung MG, Choi YH, Park KS, Koh HS. High prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian female patients awaiting primary total knee arthroplasty: Application of updated diagnostic tools from the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2022; 30:10225536221113034. [PMID: 35924635 DOI: 10.1177/10225536221113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, is associated with various TKA-related complications. In 2020, the AWGS published an undated guideline (AWGS 2019) based on studies from East and Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian female patients awaiting primary total knee arthroplasty due to advanced knee osteoarthritis using the updated AWGS criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study included 138 female patients who scheduled for primary TKA with severe osteoarthritis. The included patients were assessed with use of an AWGS 2019 diagnostic criteria based on muscle strength, physical performance, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Clinical parameters related to sarcopenia were collected and knee status assessed using the Knee Society scoring system. To better define the association with age, patients were stratified into following four groups: <60, 60-69, 70-79, ≥80. The prevalence of sarcopenia was identified, and the association between sarcopenia and clinical variables was analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in this cohort according to the updated AWGS criteria was 35.5% and 21.7%. Prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia significantly increased with advancing age (p = .003, p = .040, respectively). Although not statistically significant, the proportion of severe sarcopenia among sarcopenia also increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lower BMI and lower 25-OH-vitamin D3 level were independent risk factors associated with sarcopenia in women awaiting TKA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study confirmed that sarcopenia is more prominent amongst female patients awaiting primary TKA than the general population. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should consider sarcopenia prevention and intervention in this group. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of TKA on sarcopenia, and the difference of TKA outcomes between groups with or without underlying sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dojoon Park
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, 26713The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Jin Park
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, 26713The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Gee Jung
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, 26713The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Choi
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, 26713The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hae Seok Koh
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, 26713The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152359. [PMID: 35954203 PMCID: PMC9367570 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice.
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24
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Clark BC, Grooms DR, Etheridge T, Wilkinson DJ, Zhu S, Arnold WD, Szewczyk NJ. Editorial: Integrative Physiology of Common Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:971103. [PMID: 35899027 PMCID: PMC9310779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.971103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian C. Clark,
| | - Dustin R. Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Shouan Zhu
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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25
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Giza S, Mojica‐Santiago JA, Parafati M, Malany LK, Platt D, Schmidt CE, Coen PM, Malany S. Microphysiological system for studying contractile differences in young, active, and old, sedentary adult derived skeletal muscle cells. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13650. [PMID: 35653714 PMCID: PMC9282836 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), also referred to as tissue chips, incorporating 3D skeletal myobundles are a novel approach for physiological and pharmacological studies to uncover new medical treatments for sarcopenia. We characterize a MPS in which engineered skeletal muscle myobundles derived from donor-specific satellite cells that model aged phenotypes are encapsulated in a perfused tissue chip platform containing platinum electrodes. Our myobundles were derived from CD56+ myogenic cells obtained via percutaneous biopsy of the vastus lateralis from adults phenotyped by age and physical activity. Following 17 days differentiation including 5 days of a 3 V, 2 Hz electrical stimulation regime, the myobundles exhibited fused myotube alignment and upregulation of myogenic, myofiber assembly, signaling and contractile genes as demonstrated by gene array profiling and localization of key components of the sarcomere. Our results demonstrate that myobundles derived from the young, active (YA) group showed high intensity immunofluorescent staining of α-actinin proteins and responded to electrical stimuli with a ~1 μm displacement magnitude compared with non-stimulated myobundles. Myobundles derived from older sedentary group (OS) did not display a synchronous contraction response. Hypertrophic potential is increased in YA-derived myobundles in response to stimulation as shown by upregulation of insulin growth factor (IGF-1), α-actinin (ACTN3, ACTA1) and fast twitch troponin protein (TNNI2) compared with OS-derived myobundles. Our MPS mimics disease states of muscle decline and thus provides an aged system and experimental platform to investigate electrical stimulation mimicking exercise regimes and may be adapted to long duration studies of compound efficacy and toxicity for therapeutic evaluation against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Giza
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jorge A. Mojica‐Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Don Platt
- Micro Aerospace SolutionsMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research InstituteAdventHealthOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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26
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Lees MJ, Hodson N, Tinline-Goodfellow CT, Fung HJW, Elia A, Moore DR. Challenges of rapamycin repurposing as a potential therapeutic candidate for COVID-19: implications for skeletal muscle metabolic health in older persons. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E551-E555. [PMID: 35521831 PMCID: PMC9169843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has spread worldwide, resulting in over 6 million deaths as of March 2022. Older people have been disproportionately affected by the disease, as they have a greater risk of hospitalization, are more vulnerable to severe infection, and have higher mortality than younger patients. Although effective vaccines have been rapidly developed and administered globally, several clinical trials are ongoing to repurpose existing drugs to combat severe infection. One such drug, rapamycin, is currently under study for this purpose, given its immunosuppressant effects that are mediated by its inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of cell growth. Consistent with this premise, acute rapamycin administration in young healthy humans blocks or attenuates mTOR and its downstream effectors, leading to the inhibition of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Skeletal muscle mass declines when MPS is chronically lower than muscle protein breakdown. This is consequential for older people who are more susceptible to anabolic resistance (i.e., the blunting of MPS) due to reduced activity, sedentariness, or bed rest such as that associated with COVID-19 hospitalization, and who have also demonstrated a delayed or blunted ability to regain inactivity-induced muscle loss. The lack of studies investigating rapamycin administration on skeletal muscle in older people, and the emergence of effective antiviral medications against severe infection, may indicate the reduced relevance of drug repurposing for present or future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lees
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Hodson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cassidy T Tinline-Goodfellow
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugo J W Fung
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonis Elia
- Division of Environmental Physiology, School of Chemistry, Bioengineering and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel R Moore
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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O'Bryan SJ, Giuliano C, Woessner MN, Vogrin S, Smith C, Duque G, Levinger I. Progressive Resistance Training for Concomitant Increases in Muscle Strength and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1939-1960. [PMID: 35608815 PMCID: PMC9325860 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Older adults experience considerable muscle and bone loss that are closely interconnected. The efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently reverse/slow the age-related decline in muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults remains unclear. Objectives We aimed to quantify concomitant changes in lower-body muscle strength and BMD in older adults following a progressive resistance training program and to determine how these changes are influenced by mode (resistance only vs. combined resistance and weight-bearing exercises), frequency, volume, load, and program length. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published in English before 1 June, 2021. Randomized controlled trials reporting changes in leg press or knee extension one repetition maximum and femur/hip or lumbar spine BMD following progressive resistance training in men and/or women ≥ 65 years of age were included. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression determined the effects of resistance training and the individual training characteristics on the percent change (∆%) in muscle strength (standardized mean difference) and BMD (mean difference). The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2.0) and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results Seven hundred and eighty studies were identified and 14 were included. Progressive resistance training increased muscle strength (∆ standardized mean difference = 1.1%; 95% confidence interval 0.73, 1.47; p ≤ 0.001) and femur/hip BMD (∆ mean difference = 2.77%; 95% confidence interval 0.44, 5.10; p = 0.02), but not BMD of the lumbar spine (∆ mean difference = 1.60%; 95% confidence interval − 1.44, 4.63; p = 0.30). The certainty for improvement was greater for muscle strength compared with BMD, evidenced by less heterogeneity (I2 = 78.1% vs 98.6%) and a higher overall quality of evidence. No training characteristic significantly affected both outcomes (p > 0.05), although concomitant increases in strength and BMD were favored by higher training frequencies, increases in strength were favored by resistance only and higher volumes, and increases in BMD were favored by combined resistance plus weight-bearing exercises, lower volumes, and higher loads. Conclusions Progressive resistance training programs concomitantly increase lower-limb muscle strength and femur/hip bone mineral density in older adults, with greater certainty for strength improvement. Thus, to maximize the efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently prevent muscle and bone loss in older adults, it is recommended to incorporate training characteristics more likely to improve BMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J O'Bryan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.
| | - Catherine Giuliano
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Zhang HY, Chong MC, Tan MP, Chua YP, Zhang JH. The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Sarcopenia Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:837-846. [PMID: 35496716 PMCID: PMC9041356 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s355680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sarcopenia among older adults. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 700 community-dwelling older persons enrolled in this study. Sarcopenia is defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019). The bioelectrical impedance analysis assessed muscle mass while a digital dynamometer quantified muscle strength. Furthermore, a 6-meter gait speed test measured physical performance. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) screened for depressive symptoms. Data collected include those of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidity. Results The sample comprised 700 participants (455 women) with a mean age of 70.4±6.8 years. 21.5% had sarcopenia, among them, 5.6% at severe stage, while depressive symptoms were present in 8.1% (57/700). After adjusting for the potential confounders of age, sex, marital status, living status, hypertension, body mass index, and physical activity, the depressive symptoms that were found were not associated with sarcopenia but, instead, low gait speed. However, severe sarcopenia significantly impacted the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly in females. Conclusion Depressive symptoms are not associated with sarcopenia, but severe sarcopenia increases the risk of depressive symptoms in females, according to updated AWGS 2019 criteria. Gait speed is independently associated with depressive symptoms. The finding highlights that older people with sarcopenia should be screened for depressive symptoms, especially females. Future studies should evaluate the value of gait speed interventions for depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yan Zhang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei Chan Chong
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Mei Chan Chong, Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Tel +603-79492806, Email
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan Piaw Chua
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jin Hua Zhang
- Faculty of Nursing, Xin Xiang Medical University, Xin Xiang City, People’s Republic of China
- Jin Hua Zhang, Faculty of Nursing, Xin Xiang Medical University, Xin Xiang City, 453000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13837328062, Email
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29
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Primary cilia on muscle stem cells are critical to maintain regenerative capacity and are lost during aging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1439. [PMID: 35301320 PMCID: PMC8931095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, the regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) decreases, diminishing the ability of muscle to repair following injury. We found that the ability of MuSCs to regenerate is regulated by the primary cilium, a cellular protrusion that serves as a sensitive sensory organelle. Abolishing MuSC cilia inhibited MuSC proliferation in vitro and severely impaired injury-induced muscle regeneration in vivo. In aged muscle, a cell intrinsic defect in MuSC ciliation was associated with the decrease in regenerative capacity. Exogenous activation of Hedgehog signaling, known to be localized in the primary cilium, promoted MuSC expansion, both in vitro and in vivo. Delivery of the small molecule Smoothened agonist (SAG1.3) to muscles of aged mice restored regenerative capacity leading to increased strength post-injury. These findings provide fresh insights into the signaling dysfunction in aged MuSCs and identify the ciliary Hedgehog signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to counter the loss of muscle regenerative capacity which accompanies aging. Repair of muscle damage requires muscle stem cells, which lose regenerative capacity with aging. Here, the authors show that a sensory organelle, the primary cilium, is critical for muscle stem cell proliferation during regeneration and lost with aging.
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30
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Montero-Errasquín B, Vaquero-Pinto N, Sánchez-Cadenas V, Geerinck A, Sánchez-García E, Mateos-Nozal J, Ribera-Casado JM, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. Spanish translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the SarQoL®: a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 35232420 PMCID: PMC8887022 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, SarQoL®, was developed and validated in French. Since then, SarQoL® has been adapted and validated in different languages. We prepared a translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the SarQoL® into Spanish. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 86 participants. The translation and adaptation followed international guidelines with two direct translations, a synthesized version of the direct translations, two reverse translations, consensus by an expert committee of a pre-final version, pre-test by end users and final version. The discriminative power (logistic regression analyses), construct validity (Pearson and Spearman´s correlation), internal consistency (Cronbach´s alpha coefficient), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) and ceiling and floor effects were analyzed. RESULTS The Spanish version showed good construct validity (high correlation with comparable domains of the SF-36), high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.84) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.967, 95%, CI 0.917 - 0.989). However, it had no discriminative power between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants defined with the EWGSOP and FNIH diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia. It did show discriminative power between patients with decreased vs normal muscle strength (54.9 vs. 62.6, p 0.009) and low vs. normal physical performance (57.3 vs. 70.2; p 0.005). No ceiling or floor effect was found. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of SarQoL® has similar psychometric properties to those of the original version of the instrument. It did not discriminate between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients diagnosed according to the EWGSOP or FNIH criteria, but it did with those with low muscle strength and low physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Montero-Errasquín
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nieves Vaquero-Pinto
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Sánchez-Cadenas
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Geerinck
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Place du 20 Août 7, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-García
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos-Nozal
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Ribera-Casado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl. de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Ctra Colmenar km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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Yoshimura Y, Wakabayashi H, Nagano F, Bise T, Shimazu S, Shiraishi A, Kido Y, Matsumoto A. Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030461. [PMID: 35276820 PMCID: PMC8840470 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of evidence to show that exercise therapy improves sarcopenia in older patients in clinical practice. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to clarify the effects of chair-stand exercise on improving sarcopenia among patients diagnosed with sarcopenia undergoing convalescent rehabilitation after stroke. According to the latest Asian criteria, sarcopenia was diagnosed when both skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were low. Patients were asked to perform a repeated chair-stand exercise as whole-body resistance training, in addition to the rehabilitation program. Outcomes included sarcopenia rates, SMI, HGS, and physical function at hospital discharge. Multivariate analyses were used to examine whether the frequency of daily chair-stand exercise was independently associated with the outcomes after adjustment for potential confounders. After enrollment, 302 patients with sarcopenia (mean age: 78.6 years; 46.4% male) were analyzed. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence decreased by 21.9%, from 100% at admission to 78.1% at discharge. Multivariate analyses showed that the frequency of the exercise was significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.986, p = 0.010), SMI (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), and HGS (β = 0.101, p = 0.032) at discharge, respectively. The chair-standing exercise was effective in improving sarcopenia in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yoshimura
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-232-3111
| | - Hidetaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
| | - Fumihiko Nagano
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Takahiro Bise
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Sayuri Shimazu
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ai Shiraishi
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Yoshifumi Kido
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto 869-1106, Japan; (F.N.); (T.B.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (Y.K.); (A.M.)
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Abstract
Sarcopenia indicates a loss of skeletal muscle mass, a condition that leads to a decline in physical performance. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People met to update the original definition of sarcopenia: New scientific and clinical insights were introduced to emphasize the importance of muscle strength loss as a prime indicator of probable sarcopenia. In addition, the skeletal muscle is not only the organ related to mobility, but it is recognized as a secondary secretory organ too, with endocrine functions influencing several systems and preserving health. In this perspective, radiology could have a major role in early detection of sarcopenia and guarantee improvement in its treatment in clinical practice. We present here an update of clinical knowledge about sarcopenia and advantages and limitations of radiological evaluation of sarcopenia focusing on major body composition imaging modalities such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and MRI. In addition, we discuss controversial such as the lack of consensus or standardization, different measurement methods, and diagnostic radiological cutoff points. Sarcopenia evaluation with radiological methods could enhance the role of radiologist in performing studies with relevant impact on medical and social outcome, placing radiology at the pinnacle of quality in evidence-based practice with high-level studies.
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Gerrard JC, Hay JP, Adams RN, Williams JC, Huot JR, Weathers KM, Marino JS, Arthur ST. Current Thoughts of Notch's Role in Myoblast Regulation and Muscle-Associated Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312558. [PMID: 34886282 PMCID: PMC8657396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway Notch is unequivocally essential for embryogenesis. Notch’s contribution to the muscle repair process in adult tissue is complex and obscure but necessary. Notch integrates with other signals in a functional antagonist manner to direct myoblast activity and ultimately complete muscle repair. There is profound recent evidence describing plausible mechanisms of Notch in muscle repair. However, the story is not definitive as evidence is slowly emerging that negates Notch’s importance in myoblast proliferation. The purpose of this review article is to examine the prominent evidence and associated mechanisms of Notch’s contribution to the myogenic repair phases. In addition, we discuss the emerging roles of Notch in diseases associated with muscle atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of Notch’s orchestration is useful for developing therapeutic targets for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Gerrard
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Jamison P. Hay
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Adams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - James C. Williams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Kaitlin M. Weathers
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Tey SL, Huynh DTT, Berde Y, Baggs G, How CH, Low YL, Cheong M, Chow WL, Tan NC, Chew STH. Prevalence of low muscle mass and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23071. [PMID: 34845250 PMCID: PMC8630119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The population is rapidly aging worldwide, and there is an age-related decline in muscle mass. Therefore, it is important to examine the prevalence and associated factors of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) in older adults. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the prevalence of low ASMI (ASM/height2) and (ii) to identify factors associated with low ASMI. This study included 1211 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years. Low ASMI was defined as < 7.0 kg/m2 in males and < 5.7 kg/m2 in females (bioelectrical impedance analysis). Gender-specific cut-off values of calf circumference for low ASMI were determined. The prevalence of low ASMI in the overall cohort was 59.9%, i.e., 57.0% among males and 61.8% among females, with no significant difference between genders (P = 0.1068). The prevalence of low ASMI was 81.3% in individuals at risk of malnutrition compared to 20.6% in their counterparts with normal nutritional status (P < 0.0001). Participants with low ASMI were older, had lower physical activity scores, and greater likelihood of hospitalization in prior 6 months compared with normal ASMI (all P < 0.0001). Low ASMI was associated with risk of malnutrition (odds ratio: 3.58 for medium risk, odds ratio: 12.50 for high risk), older age, smoking, drinking, smaller calf circumference, and lower bone mass (all P ≤ 0.0328). Cut-off values of calf circumference for low ASMI for males was 33.4 cm and for females was 32.2 cm. In conclusion, we found that low ASMI was highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. Other significant factors associated with low ASMI were age, smoking, drinking, calf circumference, and bone mass. Screening community-dwelling older adults for risk of malnutrition can prevent or delay onset of low ASMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yatin Berde
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Choon How How
- Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore.,SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- Department of Dietetic & Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, 150167, Singapore
| | - Samuel Teong Huang Chew
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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35
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Redox Signaling and Sarcopenia: Searching for the Primary Suspect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169045. [PMID: 34445751 PMCID: PMC8396474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, derives from multiple etiological mechanisms. Accumulative research suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a critical role in the development of this pathophysiological disorder. In this communication, we review the various signaling pathways that control muscle metabolic and functional integrity such as protein turnover, cell death and regeneration, inflammation, organismic damage, and metabolic functions. Although no single pathway can be identified as the most crucial factor that causes sarcopenia, age-associated dysregulation of redox signaling appears to underlie many deteriorations at physiological, subcellular, and molecular levels. Furthermore, discord of mitochondrial homeostasis with aging affects most observed problems and requires our attention. The search for the primary suspect of the fundamental mechanism for sarcopenia will likely take more intense research for the secret of this health hazard to the elderly to be unlocked.
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36
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Iyer CC, Chugh D, Bobbili PJ, Iii AJB, Crum AE, Yi AF, Kaspar BK, Meyer KC, Burghes AHM, Arnold WD. Follistatin-induced muscle hypertrophy in aged mice improves neuromuscular junction innervation and function. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:32-41. [PMID: 33964607 PMCID: PMC8225567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is an important contributor to loss of physical function in older adults. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is likely multifactorial, but recently the role of neurological degeneration, such as motor unit loss, has received increased attention. Here, we investigated the longitudinal effects of muscle hypertrophy (via overexpression of human follistatin, a myostatin antagonist) on neuromuscular integrity in C57BL/6J mice between the ages of 24 and 27 months. Following follistatin overexpression (delivered via self-complementary adeno-associated virus subtype 9 injection), muscle weight and torque production were significantly improved. Follistatin treatment resulted in improvements of neuromuscular junction innervation and transmission but had no impact on age-related losses of motor units. These studies demonstrate that follistatin overexpression-induced muscle hypertrophy not only increased muscle weight and torque production but also countered age-related degeneration at the neuromuscular junction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra C Iyer
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deepti Chugh
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prameela J Bobbili
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anton J Blatnik Iii
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexander E Crum
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allen F Yi
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathrin C Meyer
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arthur H M Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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37
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Xie WQ, He M, Yu DJ, Wu YX, Wang XH, Lv S, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mouse models of sarcopenia: classification and evaluation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:538-554. [PMID: 33951340 PMCID: PMC8200444 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disease that is related to an increased possibility of adverse consequences such as falls, fractures, physical disabilities and death, and its risk increases with age. With the deepening of the understanding of sarcopenia, the disease has become a major clinical disease of the elderly and a key challenge of healthy ageing. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this disease is still unclear, and the selection of treatment strategies and the evaluation of its effect are not the same. Most importantly, the early symptoms of this disease are not obvious and are easy to ignore. In addition, the clinical manifestations of each patient are not exactly the same, which makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of sarcopenia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use animal models to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. This paper reviews the mouse models that can be used in the study of sarcopenia, including ageing models, genetically engineered models, hindlimb suspension models, chemical induction models, denervation models, and immobilization models; analyses their advantages and disadvantages and application scope; and finally summarizes the evaluation of sarcopenia in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deng-Jie Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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38
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim SW, Lee SH, Jung DW, Williams DR. Investigation of niclosamide as a repurposing agent for skeletal muscle atrophy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252135. [PMID: 34038481 PMCID: PMC8153455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a feature of aging (termed sarcopenia) and various diseases, such as cancer and kidney failure. Effective drug treatment options for muscle atrophy are lacking. The tapeworm medication, niclosamide is being assessed for repurposing to treat numerous diseases, including end-stage cancer metastasis and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of niclosamide as a repurposing drug for muscle atrophy. In a myotube atrophy model using the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, niclosamide did not prevent the reduction in myotube diameter or the decreased expression of phosphorylated FOXO3a, which upregulates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of muscle catabolism. Treatment of normal myotubes with niclosamide did not activate mTOR, a major regulator of muscle protein synthesis, and increased the expression of atrogin-1, which is induced in catabolic states. Niclosamide treatment also inhibited myogenesis in muscle precursor cells, enhanced the expression of myoblast markers Pax7 and Myf5, and downregulated the expression of differentiation markers MyoD, MyoG and Myh2. In an animal model of muscle atrophy, niclosamide did not improve muscle mass, grip strength or muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Muscle atrophy is also feature of cancer cachexia. IC50 analyses indicated that niclosamide was more cytotoxic for myoblasts than cancer cells. In addition, niclosamide did not suppress the induction of iNOS, a key mediator of atrophy, in an in vitro model of cancer cachexia and did not rescue myotube diameter. Overall, these results suggest that niclosamide may not be a suitable repurposing drug for glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy or cancer cachexia. Nevertheless, niclosamide may be employed as a compound to study mechanisms regulating myogenesis and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
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39
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Callahan MJ, Parr EB, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Can High-Intensity Interval Training Promote Skeletal Muscle Anabolism? Sports Med 2021; 51:405-421. [PMID: 33512698 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training in combination with optimal nutritional support is an effective strategy to maintain or increase skeletal muscle mass. A single bout of resistance exercise undertaken with adequate protein availability increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and, when repeated over weeks and months, leads to increased muscle fiber size. While resistance-based training is considered the 'gold standard' for promoting muscle hypertrophy, other modes of exercise may be able to promote gains in muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) comprises short bouts of exercise at or above the power output/speed that elicits individual maximal aerobic capacity, placing high tensile stress on skeletal muscle, and somewhat resembling the demands of resistance exercise. While HIIT induces rapid increases in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, the anabolic potential of HIIT for promoting concurrent gains in muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness has received less scientific inquiry. In this review, we discuss studies that have determined muscle growth responses after HIIT, with a focus on molecular responses, that provide a rationale for HIIT to be implemented among populations who are susceptible to muscle loss (e.g. middle-aged or older adults) and/or in clinical settings (e.g. pre- or post-surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Callahan
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Evelyn B Parr
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Donny M Camera
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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40
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Darvishi A, Hemami MR, Shafiee G, Daroudi R, Mohseni M, Shekarabi FH, Heshmat R. Sarcopenia screening strategies in older people: a cost effectiveness analysis in Iran. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:926. [PMID: 34001057 PMCID: PMC8127291 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Sarcopenia is an important age-related disease which can lead to an increased risk of mortality, falls, fractures, and poor quality of life. So, timely detection can be effective in reducing the burden of disease. The aim of this study was to identify the most cost-effective strategy for sarcopenia screening in Iran. Materials and methods We constructed a Markov transition model over a life-time horizon based on natural history. Compared strategies included Sarcopenia scoring assessment models (SarSA-Mod), European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP), Mini sarcopenia risk assessment (MSRA) and SARC-F. Parameters values were extracted from primary data and the literature, and the costs and Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated for each strategy. Sensitivity analysis of uncertain parameters was also performed to determine the robustness of the model. Analysis was performed using 2020 version of TreeAge Pro software. Results All four screening strategies increased life time QALYs. After removing dominated strategy, the incremental cost per QALY gained for sarcopenia screening varied from $1875.67 for EWGSOP to $1898.33 for MSRA. Our base-case analysis showed that the most cost-effective strategy was EWGSOP and 2nd best was SarSA-Mod with $43,414.3 and $42,663.3 net monetary benefits given one GDP per capita ($5520.311) as willingness to pay, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters also showed robustness of results. Conclusions The results of the study, as the first economic evaluation of sarcopenia screening, showed that the EWGSOP strategy is more cost-effective than other strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10511-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darvishi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.,Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina AVE, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei Hemami
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresthill, Aberdeen, AB252ZD, UK
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.
| | - Rajabali Daroudi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina AVE, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.,National Center for Health Insurance Research, Iran Health Insurance Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohseni
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina AVE, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Hosseini Shekarabi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, Tehran, 1417613363, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
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41
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Ning HT, Du Y, Zhao LJ, Tian Q, Feng H, Deng HW. Racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and bone mineral density among older adults. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:841-851. [PMID: 33231702 PMCID: PMC8044008 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both sarcopenia and low bone mineral density (BMD) have become public health concerns. We found that presarcopenic and/or sarcopenic individuals were more likely to have lower BMD. And this relationship has race and sex-specific discrepancy. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and BMD among older adults. METHODS Totally, 5476 subjects (mean age = 65.7 ± 6.4) of non-Hispanic White (n = 3297), non-Hispanic Black (n = 1265), and non-Hispanic Asian (n = 914) were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia (EWGSOP2). General linear model and multivariable linear regression model were used to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and regional/whole body BMD stratified by race and sex. Adjustments were conducted for physiological, behavioral, and disease factors. RESULTS Comparing with normal older participants, presarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly were more likely to have lower BMD. Although the difference was not statistically significant in a few sub-groups, among the three racial groups, the strongest association between sarcopenia and BMD was found in non-Hispanic Black people, followed by non-Hispanic White people and non-Hispanic Asian people. In addition, significant differences of BMD across sarcopenia stages were found in more sub-groups in women than in men after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS In this older cohort, sarcopenia is significantly related to low regional/whole-body BMD, and these associations vary by race and sex. Consideration in race and sex is warranted when developing strategies to maintain or minimize BMD loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-T Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y Du
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - L-J Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, LA, New Orleans, USA
| | - Q Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, LA, New Orleans, USA
| | - H Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H-W Deng
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Allen SL, Marshall RN, Edwards SJ, Lord JM, Lavery GG, Breen L. The effect of young and old ex vivo human serum on cellular protein synthesis and growth in an in vitro model of aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C26-C37. [PMID: 33909501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of muscle aging are useful for understanding mechanisms of age-related muscle loss and aiding the development of targeted therapies. To investigate mechanisms of age-related muscle loss in vitro utilizing ex vivo human serum, fasted blood samples were obtained from four old (72 ± 1 yr) and four young (26 ± 3 yr) men. Older individuals had elevated levels of plasma CRP, IL-6, HOMA-IR, and lower concentric peak torque and work-per-repetition compared with young participants (P < 0.05). C2C12 myotubes were serum and amino acid starved for 1 h and conditioned with human serum (10%) for 4 h or 24 h. After 4 h, C2C12 cells were treated with 5 mM leucine for 30 min. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was determined through the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) technique and regulatory signaling pathways were measured via Western blot. Myotube diameter was significantly reduced in myotubes treated with serum from old, in comparison to young donors (84%, P < 0.001). MPS was reduced in myotubes treated with old donor serum, compared with young serum before leucine treatment (32%, P < 0.01). MPS and the phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and eEF2 were increased in myotubes treated with young serum in response to leucine treatment, with a blunted response identified in cells treated with old serum (P < 0.05). Muscle protein breakdown signaling pathways did not differ between groups. In summary, we show that myotubes conditioned with serum from older individuals had decreased myotube diameter and MPS compared with younger individuals, potentially driven by low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan N Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J Edwards
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partner, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to highlight the need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, especially osteoporosis and sarcopenia. These conditions are characterized by loss of bone and muscle mass, respectively, leading to functional deterioration and the development of disabilities. Advances in high-resolution lipidomics platforms are being used to help identify new lipid biomarkers for these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS It is now well established that bone and muscle have important endocrine functions, including the release of bioactive factors in response to mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Bioactive lipids are a prominent set of these factors and some of these lipids are directly related to the mass and function of bone and muscle. Recent lipidomics studies have shown significant dysregulation of lipids in aged muscle and bone, including alterations in diacylglycerols and ceramides. Studies have shown that alterations in some types of plasma lipids are associated with aging including reduced bone mineral density and the occurrence of osteoporosis. Musculoskeletal disorders are a major burden in our society, especially for older adults. The development and application of new lipidomics methods is making significant advances in identifying new biomarkers for these diseases. These studies will not only lead to improved detection, but new mechanistic insights that could lead to new therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Mo
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Yating Du
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Vaughan D, Mitchell R, Kretz O, Chambers D, Lalowski M, Amthor H, Ritvos O, Pasternack A, Matsakas A, Vaiyapuri S, Huber TB, Denecke B, Mukherjee A, Widera D, Patel K. A muscle growth-promoting treatment based on the attenuation of activin/myostatin signalling results in long-term testicular abnormalities. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.047555. [PMID: 33408083 PMCID: PMC7903914 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin/myostatin signalling acts to induce skeletal muscle atrophy in adult mammals by inhibiting protein synthesis as well as promoting protein and organelle turnover. Numerous strategies have been successfully developed to attenuate the signalling properties of these molecules, which result in augmenting muscle growth. However, these molecules, in particular activin, play major roles in tissue homeostasis in numerous organs of the mammalian body. We have recently shown that although the attenuation of activin/myostatin results in robust muscle growth, it also has a detrimental impact on the testis. Here, we aimed to discover the long-term consequences of a brief period of exposure to muscle growth-promoting molecules in the testis. We demonstrate that muscle hypertrophy promoted by a soluble activin type IIB ligand trap (sActRIIB) is a short-lived phenomenon. In stark contrast, short-term treatment with sActRIIB results in immediate impact on the testis, which persists after the sessions of the intervention. Gene array analysis identified an expansion in aberrant gene expression over time in the testis, initiated by a brief exposure to muscle growth-promoting molecules. The impact on the testis results in decreased organ size as well as quantitative and qualitative impact on sperm. Finally, we have used a drug-repurposing strategy to exploit the gene expression data to identify a compound - N 6-methyladenosine - that may protect the testis from the impact of the muscle growth-promoting regime. This work indicates the potential long-term harmful effects of strategies aimed at promoting muscle growth by attenuating activin/myostatin signalling. Furthermore, we have identified a molecule that could, in the future, be used to overcome the detrimental impact of sActRIIB treatment on the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vaughan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - David Chambers
- Functional Genomics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Helge Amthor
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN CSM, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | | | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | | | | | - Darius Widera
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading NW1 0TU, UK
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Peak expiratory flow rate and sarcopenia risk in older Indonesian people: A nationwide survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246179. [PMID: 33561132 PMCID: PMC7872226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced peak expiratory flow is a common physiological change in older individuals and age is an important predictor for sarcopenia. We analyzed nationwide survey data to determine the relationship between peak expiratory flow rate and sarcopenia in older Indonesians. Community-dwelling Indonesian individuals aged ≥60 years (n = 2422; mean age = 67.21 y) from the fifth-wave data of the Indonesian Family Life Survey was selected. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on handgrip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass measurements. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) were categorized according to their percentage of predicted flow rates as <50%, 50% to 80%, and >80%. Confounders previously determined to be associated with sarcopenia occurrence were included. Sarcopenia prevalence was 50.25%. After adjustment for confounders, PEFRs of <50% and 50% to 80% were associated with an increased sarcopenia risk (odds ratio = 5.22 and 1.88, respectively) compared with PEFRs of >80%. Poor lung function was independently associated with sarcopenia occurrence. Future studies should explore the usefulness of PEFR as a risk factor of sarcopenia.
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46
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Smeuninx B, Elhassan YS, Manolopoulos KN, Sapey E, Rushton AB, Edwards SJ, Morgan PT, Philp A, Brook MS, Gharahdaghi N, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Breen L. The effect of short-term exercise prehabilitation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy during bed rest in older men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:52-69. [PMID: 33347733 PMCID: PMC7890266 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor recovery from periods of disuse accelerates age-related muscle loss, predisposing individuals to the development of secondary adverse health outcomes. Exercise prior to disuse (prehabilitation) may prevent muscle deterioration during subsequent unloading. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term resistance exercise training (RET) prehabilitation on muscle morphology and regulatory mechanisms during 5 days of bed rest in older men. METHODS Ten healthy older men aged 65-80 years underwent four bouts of high-volume unilateral leg RET over 7 days prior to 5 days of inpatient bed rest. Physical activity and step-count were monitored over the course of RET prehabilitation and bed rest, whilst dietary intake was recorded throughout. Prior to and following bed rest, quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), and hormone/lipid profiles were determined. Serial muscle biopsies and dual-stable isotope tracers were used to determine integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) over RET prehabilitation and bed rest phases, and acute postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis (aMyoPS) rates at the end of bed rest. RESULTS During bed rest, daily step-count and light and moderate physical activity time decreased, whilst sedentary time increased when compared with habitual levels (P < 0.001 for all). Dietary protein and fibre intake during bed rest were lower than habitual values (P < 0.01 for both). iMyoPS rates were significantly greater in the exercised leg (EX) compared with the non-exercised control leg (CTL) over prehabilitation (1.76 ± 0.37%/day vs. 1.36 ± 0.18%/day, respectively; P = 0.007). iMyoPS rates decreased similarly in EX and CTL during bed rest (CTL, 1.07 ± 0.22%/day; EX, 1.30 ± 0.38%/day; P = 0.037 and 0.002, respectively). Postprandial aMyoPS rates increased above postabsorptive values in EX only (P = 0.018), with no difference in delta postprandial aMyoPS stimulation between legs. Quadriceps CSA at 40%, 60%, and 80% of muscle length decreased significantly in EX and CTL over bed rest (0.69%, 3.5%, and 2.8%, respectively; P < 0.01 for all), with no differences between legs. No differences in fibre-type CSA were observed between legs or with bed rest. Plasma insulin and serum lipids did not change with bed rest. CONCLUSIONS Short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation augmented iMyoPS rates in older men but did not offset the relative decline in iMyoPS and muscle mass during bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamUK
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamUK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alison B. Rushton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Sophie J. Edwards
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Paul T. Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St Vincents Medical School, UNSW MedicineUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew S. Brook
- MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamUK
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47
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Rus GE, Porter J, Brunton A, Crocker M, Kotsimbos Z, Percic J, Polzella L, Willet N, Huggins CE. Nutrition interventions implemented in hospital to lower risk of sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Nutr Diet 2020; 77:90-102. [PMID: 32022999 PMCID: PMC7383582 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is no standardised interventional approach to preventing or treating sarcopenia in older adults in hospital. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and synthesise the effects of nutritional interventions on markers of sarcopenia in hospitalised patients aged 65 years and older. METHODS Four databases were searched using terms for intervention, population and setting. Eligibility screening of title and abstract and then full-text papers was competed in duplicate, independently. The final included papers were assessed for quality, and outcome data extracted independently and in duplicate. Outcome data were synthesised by meta-analysis, where possible, or narratively. RESULTS Seven hundred and thirty-two articles were screened for eligibility yielding six studies for inclusion. All studies provided oral nutritional support that aimed to increase protein intake ranging from an additional 10 to 40 g/d, each with a unique formulation of amino acids and/or micronutrients; three studies combined nutritional intervention with an enhanced physical activity program. Five studies measured hand grip strength, the mean difference was 1.97 kg (95% CI 0.55-3.39, P = .006) greater in the intervention group (n = 166) compared with control group (n = 165). Assessment of muscle mass and activities of daily living were heterogeneous and the changes inconsistent between studies. CONCLUSIONS Few studies inform nutritional management of inpatients with sarcopenia or at risk of sarcopenia. High quality, large intervention trials are needed urgently to identify the optimal nutrition and physical activity intervention combinations to manage sarcopenia in older hospitalised adults. These studies need to include outcome measures of physical function and muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rus
- The Mornington Centre, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judi Porter
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Brunton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meghan Crocker
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe Kotsimbos
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Percic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Polzella
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Willet
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Chang HK, Lee JY, Gil CR, Kim MK. Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults According to Simplified Algorithms for Sarcopenia Consensus Based on Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:2291-2299. [PMID: 33324043 PMCID: PMC7732054 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s281131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Korean older adults and validate two simplified diagnostic algorithms based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) algorithm for identifying sarcopenia. Patients and Methods Patients (n = 338) aged ≥65 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Muscle strength was measured by hand grip strength, physical performance by gait speed, and muscle mass by the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Sarcopenia was assessed using the AWGS-recommended algorithm and two simplified algorithms (A and B). Algorithms A and B were validated with respect to the AWGS-recommended algorithm using the chi-square test, and the sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Results Sarcopenia prevalence, determined using the AWGS-recommended algorithm, was 40.3% and 41.3% in men and women, respectively. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 41.0% by the AWGS-recommended algorithm, 37.6% by algorithm A, and 37.6% by algorithm B; 111 participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia using all three methods (p = 0.157). Conclusion We established sarcopenia prevalence among rural community-dwelling adults in Korea and confirmed that the simplified algorithms were suitable for the identification of sarcopenia in rural community-dwelling older adults in Korea. Further studies are needed to assess whether these simplified algorithms are applicable to older Asian adults with functional and/or cognitive impairment and nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Chang
- College of Nursing, Senior Health Research Center of the Health & Science Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Nursing Department, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea.,Graduate College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Gil
- Graduate College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Graduate College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea.,Nursing Department, Hamyang Center Clinic, Hamyang, Gyeongnam-do, South Korea
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Musci RV, Walsh MA, Konopka AR, Wolff CA, Peelor FF, Reiser RF, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. The Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig Is a Model of Primary Osteoarthritis That Also Exhibits Early Onset Myofiber Remodeling That Resembles Human Musculoskeletal Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571372. [PMID: 33192568 PMCID: PMC7658338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.571372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction, articular cartilage degeneration, and bone loss occur essentially in parallel during aging. Mechanisms contributing to this systemic musculoskeletal decline remain incompletely understood, limiting progress toward developing effective therapeutics. Because the progression of human musculoskeletal aging is slow, researchers rely on rodent models to identify mechanisms and test interventions. The Dunkin Hartley guinea pig is an outbred strain that begins developing primary osteoarthritis by 4 months of age with a progression and pathology similar to aging humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle remodeling during the progression of osteoarthritis in these guinea pigs resembles musculoskeletal aging in humans. We compared Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs to Strain 13 guinea pigs, which develop osteoarthritis much later in the lifespan. We measured myofiber type and size, muscle density, and long-term fractional protein synthesis rates of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in 5, 9, and 15-month-old guinea pigs. There was an age-related decline in skeletal muscle density, a greater proportion of smaller myofibers, and a decline in type II concomitant with a rise in type I myofibers in the gastrocnemius muscles from Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs only. These changes were accompanied by age-related declines in myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius and soleus. Collectively, these findings suggest Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs experience myofiber remodeling alongside the progression of osteoarthritis, consistent with human musculoskeletal aging. Thus, Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs may be a model to advance discovery and therapeutic development for human musculoskeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,GRECC, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Raoul F Reiser
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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50
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Muyskens JB, Winbush A, Foote DM, Turnbull DW, Dreyer HC. Essential amino acid supplementation alters the p53 transcriptional response and cytokine gene expression following total knee arthroplasty. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:980-991. [PMID: 32881622 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing muscle atrophy following orthopedic surgery is critical during the postoperative period. Our previous work in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) showed that the vast majority of atrophy occurs within 2 wk following surgery and that essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation attenuates this atrophy. We used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes associated with atrophy after TKA with and without EAAs. Analysis of overrepresented gene-ontology terms revealed that p53 signaling and the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways were highly upregulated after TKA. Relative to the placebo group, the EAA group had altered expression of p53 regulators such as MDM2. This altered expression may account for differences between groups in timing of upregulation of some p53 targets such as apoptosis genes, and may account for the reduction in muscle loss in the subjects receiving EAAs. Furthermore, we observed altered expression of a large number of cytokine-signaling genes including TNFRSF12A, which plays a critical role in muscle atrophy, myogenesis, fibrosis, and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Total knee arthroplasty is the most frequently performed inpatient surgical procedure for those over 45 yr in the United States. Following surgery, patients lose a large amount of muscle, which impacts functional mobility. Previously, our laboratory found that supplementing patients' diets with essential amino acids (EAAs) reduces postsurgical muscle loss. Here, our goal was to characterize the transcriptional changes associated with surgery with and without EAA supplementation to uncover the underlying mechanisms by which EAAs attenuate this muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Winbush
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Douglas M Foote
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Douglas W Turnbull
- Genomics and Cell Characterization Core Facility, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Hans C Dreyer
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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