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Ferdous J, Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R, Rakib AI, Aktar MA, Al Hasan MS, Melo Coutinho HD, Islam MT. Pharmacological Activities of Plant-Derived Fraxin with Molecular Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301615. [PMID: 38506600 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables serve not only as sources of nutrition but also as medicinal agents for the treatment of diverse diseases and maladies. These dietary components are significant resources of phytochemicals that demonstrate therapeutic properties against many illnesses. Fraxin is a naturally occurring coumarin glycoside mainly present in various species of Fraxinus genera, having a multitude of therapeutic uses against various diseases and disorders. This study focuses to investigate the pharmacological activities, botanical sources, and biopharmaceutical profile of the phytochemical fraxin based on different preclinical and non-clinical studies to show the scientific evidence and to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects against various ailments. For this, data was searched and collected (as of February 15, 2024) in a variety of credible electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings demonstrated favorable outcomes in relation to a range of diseases or medical conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and depression, viral infection, as well as diabetic nephropathy. The phytochemical also showed protective effects such as osteoprotective, renoprotective, pulmoprotective, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective effects due to its antioxidant capacity. Fraxin has a great capability to diminish oxidative stress-related damage in different organs by stimulating the antioxidant enzymes, downregulating nuclear factor kappa B and NLRP3, and triggering the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Fraxin exhibited poor oral bioavailability because of reduced absorption and a wide distribution into tissues of different organs. However, extensive research is required to decipher the biopharmaceutical profiles, and clinical studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of the natural compound as a reliable therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Asraful Islam Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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Cui Y, Li Z, Ni L, Yu S, Shan X, Hu P, Ji Z, Jing W, Zhou Y, Wang B, Dong H, Zhou J, Xie K, Yu Q. Induction of MTHFD2 in Macrophages Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated NF-κB Activation and Protects against Inflammatory Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1345-1356. [PMID: 38407485 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The one-carbon metabolism enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is critical for cancer cell proliferation and immune cell phenotypes, but whether it can contribute to macrophage inflammatory responses remains unclear. In this study, we show that MTHFD2 was upregulated by LPS in murine macrophages upon activation of the TLR4-MyD88-IKKα/β-NF-κB signaling pathway. MTHFD2 significantly attenuated LPS-induced macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production through its enzymatic activity. Notably, ablation of myeloid MTHFD2 rendered mice more sensitive to septic shock and CCl4-induced acute hepatitis. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 restrained IKKα/β-NF-κB activation and macrophage inflammatory phenotype by scavenging reactive oxygen species through the generation of NADPH. Our study reveals MTHFD2 as a "self-control" mechanism in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Ni
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujun Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Shan
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Penghui Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zemin Ji
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Jing
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baochen Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyuan Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ezhilarasan D, Shree Harini K, Karthick M, Lavanya P. Boldine protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23691. [PMID: 38500399 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Sustained liver injuries predominantly promote oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD), including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option available for CLD. Therefore, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of boldine against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced chronic liver injury in rats. CCl4 (2 mL/kg., b.w., i.p.) was administered twice weekly for 5 weeks to induce chronic liver injury in rats. Separate groups of rats were given boldine (20 mg/kg b.w., and 40 mg/kg b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) orally, daily. Serum transaminases, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels were measured, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene and protein expressions were evaluated. CCl4 administration increased liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity in serum and oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes and α-smooth muscle actin expression in liver tissue. Boldine concurrent treatment suppressed CCl4 -induced elevation of transaminase levels in serum, restored enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants, and downregulated NF-κB, TNF-α, Cox-2 and IL-1β expressions, thereby suppressing hepatic inflammation. Boldine administration also repressed α-SMA expression. The results of this study demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties of boldine, and it can be a potential therapeutic candidate in the treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Munusamy Karthick
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Prathap Lavanya
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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Halimani N, Nesterchuk M, Tsitrina AA, Sabirov M, Andreichenko IN, Dashenkova NO, Petrova E, Kulikov AM, Zatsepin TS, Romanov RA, Mikaelyan AS, Kotelevtsev YV. Knockdown of Hyaluronan synthase 2 suppresses liver fibrosis in mice via induction of transcriptomic changes similar to 4MU treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2797. [PMID: 38307876 PMCID: PMC10837461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis remains a significant clinical challenge due to ineffective treatments. 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor, has proven safe in phase one clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting HA synthesis. We compared two groups of mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis, treated with 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) targeting siRNA (siHAS2). The administration of 4MU and siHAS2 significantly reduced collagen and HA deposition, as well as biochemical markers of hepatic damage induced by repeated CCl4 injections. The transcriptomic analysis revealed converging pathways associated with downstream HA signalling. 4MU- and siHAS2-treated fibrotic livers shared 405 upregulated and 628 downregulated genes. These genes were associated with xenobiotic and cholesterol metabolism, mitosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, RNA processing, and myeloid cell migration. The functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in siHAS2-treated mice revealed attenuation of extracellular matrix-associated pathways. In comparison, in the 4MU-treated group, DEGs were related to lipid and bile metabolism pathways and cell cycle. These findings confirm that HAS2 is an important pharmacological target for suppressing hepatic fibrosis using siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Halimani
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143025, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Nesterchuk
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Tsitrina
- IKI-Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Nem Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Marat Sabirov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Irina N Andreichenko
- AO Reproduction Head Centre of Agricultural Animals, Tsentralnaya Street, 3., Podolsk, Moscow Region, 142143, Russia
| | - Nataliya O Dashenkova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Petrova
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Alexey M Kulikov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arsen S Mikaelyan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Yuri V Kotelevtsev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143025, Russia
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Zeng X, Jiang J, Liu S, Hu Q, Hu S, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhang X. Bidirectional effects of geniposide in liver injury: Preclinical evidence construction based on meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117061. [PMID: 37598771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis is widely used to treat liver diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Geniposide, a major active constituent of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, exerts therapeutic effects against liver injury, however, it also induces hepatotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis was designed to determine the mechanisms of both the hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects of geniposide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The articles analysed in this meta-analysis were primarily obtained from five databases. The 10-item SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. STATA (version 15.1) was used to evaluate the total effect or toxicity sizes. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) dose/time-effect and mechanistic analyses were performed to assess the therapeutic and toxic effects of geniposide. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 479 animals were included. Meta-analysis revealed that geniposide not only significantly (P < 0.001) increased liver injury indices including ALT and AST levels but also improved liver function by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST and inflammatory factors in animal models of liver injury. The 3D dose/time-effect analysis revealed that geniposide administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days effectively protected the liver without inducing toxicity. Mechanistically, geniposide exerts protective or toxic effects by regulating the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway to control oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION Geniposide exhibits dual pharmacological activity in liver injury. It exerts potent hepatoprotective effects when administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jiajie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Simiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sihan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China.
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Inai Y, Izawa T, Kamei T, Fujiwara S, Tanaka M, Yamate J, Kuwamura M. Difference in the Mechanism of Iron Overload-Enhanced Acute Hepatotoxicity Induced by Thioacetamide and Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:55-66. [PMID: 38528719 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241235623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload has been recognized as a risk factor for liver disease; however, little is known about its pathological role in the modification of liver injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of iron overload on liver injury induced by two hepatotoxicants with different pathogenesis in rats. Rats were fed a control (Cont), 0.8% high-iron (0.8% Fe), or 1% high-iron diet (1% Fe) for 4 weeks and were then administered with saline, thioacetamide (TAA), or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Hepatic and systemic iron overload were seen in the 0.8% and 1% Fe groups. Twenty-four hours after administration, hepatocellular necrosis induced by TAA and hepatocellular necrosis, degeneration, and vacuolation induced by CCl4, as well as serum transaminase values, were exacerbated in the 0.8% and 1% Fe groups compared to the Cont group. On the other hand, microvesicular vacuolation induced by CCl4 was decreased in 0.8% and 1% Fe groups. Hepatocellular DNA damage was increased by iron overload in both models, whereas a synergistic effect of oxidative stress by excess iron and hepatotoxicant was only present in the CCl4 model. The data showed that dietary iron overload exacerbates TAA- and CCl4-induced acute liver injury with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Inai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1852-1871. [PMID: 37939656 PMCID: PMC10680147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an unabated risk factor for end-stage liver diseases with no available therapies. Dysregulated immune responses are critical culprits of MASLD pathogenesis. Independent contributions from either the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system or their unidirectional interplay are commonly studied in MASLD. However, the bidirectional communication between innate and adaptive immune systems and its impact on MASLD remain insufficiently understood. Given that both innate and adaptive immune cells are indispensable for the development and progression of inflammation in MASLD, elucidating pathogenic contributions stemming from the bidirectional interplay between these two arms holds potential for development of novel therapeutics for MASLD. Here, we review the immune cell types and bidirectional pathways that influence the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight potential pharmacologic approaches to combat MASLD based on current knowledge of this bidirectional crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hak Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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8
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Gazwi HSS, Soltan OIA, Abdel-Hameed SM. Cakes fortified with papaya seeds effectively protects against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111511-111524. [PMID: 37815681 PMCID: PMC10625515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a robust immune system and safeguarding the liver from toxins are crucial for overall health. The study aimed to investigate the immunostimulant effects of papaya seed-enriched cakes (CPS) in countering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced immunocytotoxicity in rats (n = 48). The rats were divided into six groups (8 each): a control group (Group 1), rats fed cakes containing 15% papaya seeds (Group 2 - CPS), rats exposed only to CCl4 (Group 3 - CCl4), rats injected with CCl4 and administered silymarin (Group 4 - CCl4 + S), rats receiving both CCl4 and cakes with papaya seeds (Group 5 - CCl4 + CPS), and rats receiving both CCl4 and silymarin with papaya seed-enriched cakes (Group 6 - CCl4 + CPS + S). HPLC analysis of papaya seeds revealed the presence of ten polyphenol compounds, with quercetin, apigenin, and catechin identified as major flavonoids, along with pyrogallol, ellagic, and gallic acid as predominant phenolic acids. These compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity, attributed to the seeds' high total phenolic and flavonoid content. The administration of CCl4 significantly affected hematological parameters, liver enzymes, hepatic oxidative stress, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IgG, as well as IgM. However, rats fed with CPS exhibited mitigation of CCl4-induced toxic effects on hematological parameters and hepatotoxicity. CPS consumption enhanced the antioxidant system, improved inflammatory markers, and immune parameters, restoring them to normal levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed CPS's ability to reduce CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis. Immunohistochemical assessment further revealed reduced immunoreactivity against cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased COX2 immunoreactivity, indicating hepatocellular regeneration in CPS. The combination of CPS and silymarin demonstrated even more notable improvements, suggesting augmented protective impacts against CCl4-induced immunosuppression and hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CPS exhibited antioxidant properties and effectively protected against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, with additional benefits observed when combined with silymarin. These findings emphasize the potential health advantages of incorporating papaya seeds into food products, promoting immune system health, and safeguarding against liver damage induced by hazardous agents like CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S S Gazwi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Osama I A Soltan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
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9
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Florek E, Szukalska M, Markiewicz K, Miechowicz I, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jelińska A, Kasprzyk-Pochopień J, Nawrot J, Sobczak A, Horoszkiewicz M, Piekoszewski W, Nowak G. Evaluation of the Protective and Regenerative Properties of Commercially Available Artichoke Leaf Powder Extract on Plasma and Liver Oxidative Stress Parameters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1846. [PMID: 37891925 PMCID: PMC10604870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular damage by the harmful effects of xenobiotics, which increase the production of free radicals, is a widespread phenomenon. The extract from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L. available as an artichoke preparation (natural source) of antioxidants may serve as a potential hepatoprotective factor. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the protective and regenerative properties of artichoke preparation on the liver in three extract doses: 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g/kg bw/day. The evaluation was conducted by measuring the levels of oxidative stress parameters, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferases (GST), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), SH- group, nitrosylated protein (RSNO), as well as such liver enzymes as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the plasma and liver homogenate of rats with liver damage induced by CCl4 (1 mL/kg bw). Measurements were taken in plasma and liver homogenate. The results have demonstrated that the artichoke preparation, owing to its high antioxidative potential, exhibits protective and regenerative effects on the liver. This is supported by the observation of higher GSH levels in the plasma of rats treated with artichoke extract for two weeks before CCl4 exposure. Furthermore, the artichoke extract has shown regenerative properties, as evidenced by lower ALT, AST, and SOD activity in the group treated with artichoke extract after CCl4 exposure. These findings suggest that the in vivo administration of artichoke preparation may be beneficial for the protection and regeneration of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (J.G.-P.); (J.N.); (G.N.)
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk-Pochopień
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (W.P.)
| | - Joanna Nawrot
- Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (J.G.-P.); (J.N.); (G.N.)
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (W.P.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gerard Nowak
- Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (J.G.-P.); (J.N.); (G.N.)
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10
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Salem BAA, ElKaliny HH, El-Hafez AAAA, Sarhan NI. Comparative Histological Study of Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Liver Tissue on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:225-236. [PMID: 38213650 PMCID: PMC10779448 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_62_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, so they can be used in the treatment of liver diseases. MSCs co-cultured with diseased liver tissue improve the homing capacity, survival rate, and paracrine effects of the MSCs, as well as the ability to enhance liver function. Aims This work aimed to study the therapeutic effect of MSCs versus MSCs co-cultured with liver tissue on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Settings and Design Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group), Group II received CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group III received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with MSCs intravenously (i.v.), and Group IV received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with co-cultured MSCs i.v. Materials and Methods Finally, liver specimens were processed for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Statistical analysis was carried out to assess histological scoring, area percentage of collagen fibers, number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, and biochemical analysis of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis of (histological scoring, area % of collagen fibers, and biochemical analysis) was done by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using graphpad software (SanDiego, CA, USA). The means ± standard deviations were used for statistical analysis. Results LM of Group II revealed loss of hepatic architecture and diffuse fibrosis with dilated congested blood vessels, bile ductular proliferation, and cellular infiltrations. Vacuolated cytoplasm with or without pyknotic nuclei was observed in addition to micro- and macro-steatosis. EM demonstrated disfigured hepatocytes with abnormal organelles surrounding atypical nucleus. Group III showed restoration of the normal liver architecture with greater extent in Group IV. Statistical analysis confirmed the microscopic findings. Conclusions Co-cultured MSCs with diseased liver tissue augmented the therapeutic effects of MSCs in treating hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in adult male albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothina Abo-Alazm Salem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Hassan ElKaliny
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa Ibrahim Sarhan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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11
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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12
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Kim JM, Cho SS, Kang S, Moon C, Yang JH, Ki SH. Castanopsis sieboldii Extract Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Antagonizing Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11982. [PMID: 37569359 PMCID: PMC10419291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanopsis sieboldii (CS), a subtropical species, was reported to have antioxidant and antibacterial effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CS have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether the 70% ethanol extract of the CS leaf (CSL3) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and LPS and ATP-induced pyroptosis in macrophages. CSL3 treatment inhibited NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated cells. CSL3 antagonized NF-κB and AP-1 activation, which was due to MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK) inhibition. CSL3 successfully decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased IL-1β expression. CSL3 treatment diminished LPS and ATP-induced pore formation in GSDMD. The in vivo effect of CSL3 on acute liver injury was evaluated in a CCl4-treated mouse model. CCl4 treatment increased the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, which decreased by CSL3. In addition, CCl4-induced an increase in TNF-α, and IL-6 levels decreased by CSL3 treatment. Furthermore, we verified that the CCl4-induced inflammasome and pyroptosis-related gene expression in liver tissue and release of IL-1β into serum were suppressed by CSL3 treatment. Our results suggest that CSL3 protects against acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sohi Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
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13
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Wang Y, Song H, Li L, Ma J, Yu F. Generation characteristics and spreading risk of VOCs released from a biological fermentation pharmaceutical factory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:507-518. [PMID: 36606575 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical factories produce a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may pose a potential health threat to the environment, workers, and nearby residents. Sampling points were set up in the tylosin biological fermentation workshop (FW) and sewage treatment station (STS) of a pharmaceutical factory in a central city in northern China to collect VOCs and study their generation characteristics and diffusion. The results indicated that with the increase in fermentation time, VOC production decreased gradually, and the decline was rapid. The main VOCs produced by the FW are oxygen-containing organics and nitrogen-containing organics including 1-heptyladehyde (8.86 × 102 mg m-3), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (6.36 × 102 mg m-3) and benzene (5.85 × 102 mg m-3). The STS mainly produces nitrogen-containing organics and oxygen-containing organics including 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (3.38 × 103 mg m-3), diethyl amine (9.60 × 102 mg m-3) and methyl ethyl ketone (2.98 × 102 mg m-3). VOCs produced by biopharmaceutical factories can diffuse for a long distance in the atmosphere. The highest concentration of chlorinated organic compounds can spread to 11.43 kilometers in the horizontal direction and 3 kilometers in the vertical direction. Acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, diethylamine, butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone are odorous gases detected in the FW and STS, respectively. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride and acetaldehyde are the main carcinogenic VOCs produced in the fermentation process of tylosin. The research elucidated production characteristics, diffusion and health risks of VOCs in the FW, which provided a reference for the control of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Huiling Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
- Department of Medical, Xi'an Gem Flower Changqing Hospitals, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
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14
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Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats. LIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the superoxide dismutase mimic compound “tempol” on liver and renal damage in Long Evans male rats administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Methods: The antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in the liver, kidney, and plasma tissues. Histological examination of the liver and kidney sections affirmed inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and iron deposition. RT-PCR was also employed to evaluate the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory genes. Results: The CCl4-administered rats exhibited increased plasma activities of ALT, AST, and ALP compared to the control rats. The tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats significantly lowered ALT, AST, and ALP enzyme activities compared to the CCl4 group. Oxidative stress parameters, such as the MDA, NO, and APOP levels in various tissues of the CCl4-administered rats, showed increased concentrations, whereas tempol significantly lowered the level of oxidative stress. Moreover, CCl4 administration decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities, which were further significantly restored by the tempol treatment. The control rats that underwent treatment with tempol did not present with any abnormality or toxicity. Furthermore, the tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats increased Nrf-2-HO-1-mediated gene expression and enhanced related antioxidant enzyme gene expressions. The tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats also decreased anti-inflammatory gene expressions in the liver. In histological sections of the liver, CCl4 increased inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and iron deposition, which were reduced significantly due to the tempol treatment. Conclusion: The results of this investigation revealed that tempol could protect against liver and kidney damage in CCl4-administered rats by modulating antioxidant gene expressions and restoring antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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15
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Oates JR, Sawada K, Giles DA, Alarcon PC, Damen MS, Szabo S, Stankiewicz TE, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. Thermoneutral housing shapes hepatic inflammation and damage in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095132. [PMID: 36875069 PMCID: PMC9982161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is a common unifying factor in experimental models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. Recent evidence suggests that housing temperature-driven alterations in hepatic inflammation correlate with exacerbated hepatic steatosis, development of hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular damage in a model of high fat diet-driven NAFLD. However, the congruency of these findings across other, frequently employed, experimental mouse models of NAFLD has not been studied. Methods Here, we examine the impact of housing temperature on steatosis, hepatocellular damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH diet, methionine and choline deficient diet, and western diet + carbon tetrachloride experimental models of NAFLD in C57BL/6 mice. Results We show that differences relevant to NAFLD pathology uncovered by thermoneutral housing include: (i) augmented NASH diet-driven hepatic immune cell accrual, exacerbated serum alanine transaminase levels and increased liver tissue damage as determined by NAFLD activity score; (ii) augmented methionine choline deficient diet-driven hepatic immune cell accrual and increased liver tissue damage as indicated by amplified hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, fibrosis and overall NAFLD activity score; and (iii) dampened western diet + carbon tetrachloride driven hepatic immune cell accrual and serum alanine aminotransferase levels but similar NAFLD activity score. Discussion Collectively, our findings demonstrate that thermoneutral housing has broad but divergent effects on hepatic immune cell inflammation and hepatocellular damage across existing experimental NAFLD models in mice. These insights may serve as a foundation for future mechanistic interrogations focused on immune cell function in shaping NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarren R. Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel A. Giles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pablo C. Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michelle S.M.A. Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sara Szabo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Traci E. Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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16
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Zhai H, Zhang J, Shang D, Zhu C, Xiang X. The progress to establish optimal animal models for the study of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087274. [PMID: 36844207 PMCID: PMC9947362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) defines a complicated and multifaceted syndrome characterized by acute liver dysfunction following an acute insult on the basis of chronic liver diseases. It is usually concurrent with bacterial infection and multi-organ failure resulting in high short-term mortality. Based on the cohort studies in ACLF worldwide, the clinical course of ACLF was demonstrated to comprise three major stages including chronic liver injury, acute hepatic/extrahepatic insult, and systemic inflammatory response caused by over-reactive immune system especially bacterial infection. However, due to the lack of optimal experimental animal models for ACLF, the progress of basic study on ACLF is limping. Though several experimental ACLF models were established, none of them can recapitulate and simulate the whole pathological process of ACLF patients. Recently, we have developed a novel mouse model for ACLF combining chronic liver injury [injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks], acute hepatic insult (injection of a double dose CCl4), and bacterial infection (intraperitoneal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae), which could recapitulate the major clinical features of patients with ACLF worsened by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengben Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China,Chuanwu Zhu,
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaogang Xiang,
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17
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Focak M, Suljevic D. Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl 4 -Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200948. [PMID: 36416002 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is known to have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. During the two-month CCl4 exposure of Wistar rats, propolis extract (PE) and royal jelly (RJ) were added in order to test the potential protective effect against hepato-renal injury. Ketonuria, proteinuria, high creatinine and urea levels are the result of CCl4 -induced nephrotoxicity. Severe disorders of hematological indicators indicate anemia; high values of leukocytes indicate inflammatory condition. Cytogenetic impairments in hepatocytes, aggregation of platelets, and hypoproteinemia indicate severe liver impairment. Results suggest a more significant protective role of RJ compared to PE. Both extracts regulated proteinuria, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia and reduced platelet aggregation in the hepatic circulation. The increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) suggest protective effects against anemia; the decrease in the number of leukocytes can be linked to anti-inflammatory effects. PE and RJ have a beneficial effect against hepato-renal injury, anemia and anti-inflammatory conditions caused by CCl4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Focak
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Damir Suljevic
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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He G, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Zong Y, Gu S, Li M, Li R, Sun J. Deer antler based active ingredients have protective effects on LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice through MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1077-1087. [PMID: 35645173 PMCID: PMC9154794 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2068617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Deer antler based active ingredients are known to have certain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, its potential hepatoprotective effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This article reports the hepatoprotective effect of protein components in deer antler bases (R1) on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS/d-GalN)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice, and explores its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The four separated and purified protein components of deer antler bases were screened and verified by the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model. In the in vivo experiment of LPS/d-GalN-induced ALI in mice, ALT, AST, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA were detected. The liver histopathology was analysed, the COX-2 and iNOS proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry, and 4-HNE was analysed by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the effects on the MAPK pathway and NF-κB/IκB-α pathway in liver proteins were explored. RESULTS With isolated RA protein fraction pre-treated RAW264.7 cells, NO production decreased by 35.3% compared with the model group. The experimental results of ALI in mice induced by LPS/d-GalN show that R1 protein components can protect mice from ALI through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects and reduce liver pathological damage in mice. The results also indicate that the R1 protein component may protect the liver by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK pathway and the NF-κB/IκB-α pathway induced by LPS/d-GalN. CONCLUSIONS The separated and purified R1 protein component of deer antler base has a good protective effect on LPS/d-GalN-induced liver injury, and may become a potential material for protecting against liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Quanmin Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- CONTACT Quanmin Zhao
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Yan Zhao College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shigang Gu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Ashfaq I, Sheikh N, Fatima N, Tayyeb A. Inhibition of anti-inflammatory pathway through suppressors of cytokine signalling (Socs2/Socs3) in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103348. [PMID: 35800143 PMCID: PMC9253924 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer related deaths is predominantly driven by chronic inflammatory responses. Due to asymptomatic nature and lack of early patient biopsies, precise involvement of inflammation in hepatic injury initiation remains unidentified. Aim of the study was to elucidate the regulation patterns of inflammatory signalling from initiation of hepatic injury to development of HCC. HCC mice model was established using DEN followed by repeated doses of CCl4 and sacrificed at three different stages of disease comprising 7, 14 and 21 weeks. Serum biochemical tests, hepatic lipids quantification, histopathology and qPCR analyses were conducted to characterize the initiation and progression of liver injury and inflammatory signalling. Notably, at 7 weeks, we observed hepatocyte damage and periportal necrotic bodies coupled with induction of Socs2/Socs3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10. At 14 weeks, mice liver showed advancement of liver injury with micro-vesicular steatosis and moderate collagen deposition around portal zone. With progression of injury, the expression of Socs3 was declined with further reduction of Il-10 and Tgf-β indicating the disturbance of anti-inflammatory mechanism. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines Il1-β, Il6 and Tnf-α were upregulated contributing inflammation. Subsequently, at 21 weeks severe liver damage was estimated as characterized by macro-vesicular steatosis, perisinusoidal collagen bridging, immune cell recruitment and significant upregulation of Col-1α and α-Sma. In parallel, there was significant upregulation of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines highlighting the commencement of chronic inflammation. Findings of the study suggest that differential regulation of cytokine suppressors and inflammatory cytokines might play role in the initiation and progression of hepatic injury leading towards HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbah Ashfaq
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naz Fatima
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Corresponding author at: School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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RIPK1 in Liver Parenchymal Cells Limits Murine Hepatitis during Acute CCl4-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137367. [PMID: 35806372 PMCID: PMC9266426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some life-threatening acute hepatitis originates from drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice is the widely used model of choice to study acute DILI, which pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis. Since the receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) is able to direct cell fate towards survival or death, it may potentially affect the pathological process of xenobiotic-induced liver damage. Two different mouse lines, either deficient for Ripk1 specifically in liver parenchymal cells (Ripk1LPC-KO) or for the kinase activity of RIPK1 (Ripk1K45A, kinase dead), plus their respective wild-type littermates (Ripk1fl/fl, Ripk1wt/wt), were exposed to single toxic doses of CCl4. This exposure led in similar injury in Ripk1K45A mice and their littermate controls. However, Ripk1LPC-KO mice developed more severe symptoms with massive hepatocyte apoptosis as compared to their littermate controls. A pretreatment with a TNF-α receptor decoy exacerbated liver apoptosis in both Ripk1fl/fl and Ripk1LPC-KO mice. Besides, a FasL antagonist promoted hepatocyte apoptosis in Ripk1fl/fl mice but reduced it in Ripk1LPC-KO mice. Thus, the scaffolding properties of RIPK1 protect hepatocytes from apoptosis during CCl4 intoxication. TNF-α and FasL emerged as factors promoting hepatocyte survival. These protective effects appeared to be independent of RIPK1, at least in part, for TNF-α, but dependent on RIPK1 for FasL. These new data complete the deciphering of the molecular mechanisms involved in DILI in the context of research on their prevention or cure.
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Basir HRG, Karbasi A, Ravan AP, Abbasalipourkabir R, Bahmani M. Is human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium effective against oxidative and inflammatory status in CCl 4- induced acute liver injury? Life Sci 2022; 305:120730. [PMID: 35753436 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute liver injury (ALI) is diagnosed by detection of elevated liver enzymes within six months after liver damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been considered a beneficial strategy for treating various diseases due to holding secretory factors. Therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord MSCs-derived conditioned medium (hMSC-CM) were evaluated on CCl4-induced ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into groups including N (received saline), ALI (received CCl4), RPMI (received CCl4 and RPMI medium), and ALI-CM (received CCl4 and hMSC-CM) groups. The expression of TNF-α and TGFβ-1 genes was evaluated with qPCR. Hepatic levels of TNF-α and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity were also assayed. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, reticulin, and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stainings were conducted to evaluate tissue lesions. RESULTS CCl4 increased expression of TNF-α and TGF-1β at both mRNA and protein levels, while hMSC-CM decreased these parameters in the ALI-CM group. TAC levels significantly decreased in the ALI group, and CCl4 increased TOS and MDA levels compared with the N group. hMSC-CM treatment led to the return of these parameters to their baseline levels. GPx and CAT activity in the ALI group were significantly lower than in the N group and hMSC-CM reduced these parameters to the baseline in the ALI-CM group. hMSC-CM modulated CCl4-induced tissue lesions. CONCLUSION The present study suggests hMSC-CM probably improves CCl4-induced ALI through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Ghasemi Basir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Karbasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pouyandeh Ravan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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22
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Hameed S, Ur Rehman A, Massey S, Syed NIH, Anwar F, Ahmed D, Ahmad S. Grevillea robusta Delayed the Progression of Experimentally Induced Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats by Attenuating the Expression of Smooth Muscle Actin, Collagen, and TGF-β. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904584. [PMID: 35784733 PMCID: PMC9240227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic damage to the liver causes fibrosis, especially when different proteins are accumulated in the liver, which is the basic characteristic of chronic liver damage. The excessive accumulation of the matrix protein such as collagen causes liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal vein hypertension. Plants having antioxidants, free radical scavenging activities, and anti-inflammatory constituents are believed to be hepatoprotective in nature. Grevillea robusta (GR) is native to the subtropical environment. Its in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, and free radical scavenging activities are known, while the effect on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of Grevillea robusta plant. GR leaf extract (GREE) was prepared from the hydroethanolic extract (70%). Polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. In vivo hepatitis was induced in Wistar rats by continual IP injections of CCl4. GREE was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Variations in rat’s body weight, liver-to-body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, liver histology, and cellular markers of liver fibrosis were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) (p < 0.001) were decreased in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. RBC count was increased (p < 0.001) in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. The expression of alpha-SMA was downregulated to 40% (p < 0.05) and that of collagen was decreased by 9% (p < 0.05) compared with the disease control group. Extracellular matrix deposition and necrotic areas were also decreased as compared to the disease control group. It can be concluded that GR possesses hepatoprotective action by virtue of antioxidant constituents and delays the progression of liver cirrhosis by suppressing the activation of extracellular matrix–producing cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaid Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Atta Ur Rehman, ; Fareeha Anwar,
| | - Shazma Massey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Atta Ur Rehman, ; Fareeha Anwar,
| | - Dildar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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23
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Mogadem A, Naqvi A, Almamary MA, Ahmad WA, Jemon K, El-Alfy SH. Hepatoprotective effects of flexirubin, a novel pigment from Chryseobacterium artocarpi, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury: An in vivo study and molecular modeling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Omage SO, Orhue NE, Omage K. Dennettia tripetala Relieves Chronic Hepatorenal Injuries in Rats by Altering fas, sod-1, and tnf-α Expression. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:89-98. [PMID: 35465114 PMCID: PMC9007709 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of Dennettia tripetala extracts was compared to that of the standard drug, silymarin, in reducing chronic liver and kidney anomalies. Male albino Wistar rats were grouped in tens. Carbon tetrachloride was dissolved in olive oil (1:4) and administered to specific groups at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight (bw) twice a week for six weeks. From week five, the extracts and silymarin were administered in distilled water daily for two weeks at doses of 250 mg/kg bw and 6 mg/kg bw, respectively, to specific groups. All administrations were carried out using a gavage, with appropriate controls. These results showed that the plant extracts decreased the serum activity of liver marker enzymes, restored the liver and serum lipid profiles as well as serum protein profile, reduced serum, urea, and creatinine, and restored superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver and kidneys, which carbon tetrachloride had altered. The extracts also decreased steatosis and centriole congestion in the liver as well as necrosis and structural damage in the kidneys, which carbon tetrachloride caused, and the extracts proved to be as potent as silymarin. The extracts also decreased the expression of fas (P<0.05), sod-1 (P<0.05), and tnf-α (P>0.05) in the liver, which carbon tetrachloride had increased. Conclusively, D. tripetala reduced chronic liver and kidney damage induced by carbon tetrachloride; it reduced the expression of fas, sod-1, and tnf-α in the liver to levels similar to that of the control group, and it was as effective as silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300213, Nigeria
| | - Noghayin E.J. Orhue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300213, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin 300251, Nigeria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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25
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Sprygin VG, Kushnerova NF, Fomenko SE. Effect of a Lipid Complex from the Marine Red Alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis on the Metabolic Responses of the Liver under Conditions of Experimental Toxic Hepatitis. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Lagrota-Candido JM, Alves LA. Animal models applied to acute-on-chronic liver failure: Are new models required to understand the human condition? World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2687-2699. [PMID: 35434112 PMCID: PMC8968822 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a multifaceted organ; its location and detoxifying function expose this organ to countless injuries. Acute-on-chronic failure liver (ACLF) is a severe syndrome that affects the liver due to acute decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. An infection environment, ascites, increased liver enzymes and prothrombin time, encephalopathy and fast-evolving multiorgan failure, leading to death, usually accompany this. The pathophysiology remains poorly understand. In this context, animal models become a very useful tool in this regard, as understanding; the disease may be helpful in developing novel therapeutic methodologies for ACLF. However, although animal models display several similarities to the human condition, they do not represent all ACLF manifestations, resulting in significant challenges. An initial liver cirrhosis framework followed by the induction of an acute decompensation by administering lipopolysaccharide and D-GaIN, potentiating liver damage supports the methodologies applied to induce experimental ACLF. The entire methodology has been described mostly for rats. Nevertheless, a quick PubMed database search indicates about 30 studies concerning ACFL models and over 1000 regarding acute liver failure models. These findings demonstrate the clear need to establish easily reproducible ACFL models to elucidate questions about this quickly established and often fatal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara Machado Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24210-200, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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27
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Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Lagrota-Candido JM, Alves LA. Animal models applied to acute-on-chronic liver failure: Are new models required to understand the human condition? World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2685-2697. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a multifaceted organ; its location and detoxifying function expose this organ to countless injuries. Acute-on-chronic failure liver (ACLF) is a severe syndrome that affects the liver due to acute decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. An infection environment, ascites, increased liver enzymes and prothrombin time, encephalopathy and fast-evolving multiorgan failure, leading to death, usually accompany this. The pathophysiology remains poorly understand. In this context, animal models become a very useful tool in this regard, as understanding; the disease may be helpful in developing novel therapeutic methodologies for ACLF. However, although animal models display several similarities to the human condition, they do not represent all ACLF manifestations, resulting in significant challenges. An initial liver cirrhosis framework followed by the induction of an acute decompensation by administering lipopolysaccharide and D-GaIN, potentiating liver damage supports the methodologies applied to induce experimental ACLF. The entire methodology has been described mostly for rats. Nevertheless, a quick PubMed database search indicates about 30 studies concerning ACFL models and over 1000 regarding acute liver failure models. These findings demonstrate the clear need to establish easily reproducible ACFL models to elucidate questions about this quickly established and often fatal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara Machado Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24210-200, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Song YR, Jang B, Lee SM, Bae SJ, Bak SB, Kim YW. Angelica gigas NAKAI and Its Active Compound, Decursin, Inhibit Cellular Injury as an Antioxidant by the Regulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and YAP Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061858. [PMID: 35335221 PMCID: PMC8954541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and medicinal herbs have been used to treat various human diseases by regulating cellular functions and metabolic pathways. Angelica gigas NAKAI (AG) helps regulate pathological processes in some medical fields, including gastroenterology, gynecology, and neuropsychiatry. Although some papers have reported its diverse indications, the effects of AG against arachidonic acid (AA)+ iron and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have not been reported. In HepG2 cells, AA+ iron induced cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, as assessed by mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP) and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. On the other hand, AG markedly inhibited these detrimental phenomena and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by AA+ iron. AG activated the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which affected oxidative stress in the cells. Moreover, AG also regulated the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling as mediated by the AMPK pathways. In mice, an oral treatment of AG protected against liver toxicity induced by CCl4, as indicated by the plasma and histochemical parameters. Among the compounds in AG, decursin had antioxidant activity and affected the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, AG has antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro, indicating that natural products such as AG could be potential candidate for the nutraceuticals to treat various disorders by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular metabolic pathways.
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Production of a Yogurt Drink Enriched with Golden Berry (Physalispubescens L.) Juice and Its Therapeutic Effect on Hepatitis in Rats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have been associated with multiple health benefits. The present study aimed to produce a functional yogurt drink fortified with golden berry juice and assess its therapeutic effect on hepatitis rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into two major groups. The first group included the control (-) animals (six rats) and was fed a standard diet, whereas the second group included 24 rats that were fed a standard diet and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 2 weeks to trigger chronic damage of the liver (hepatitis); they were then divided into four groups (six rats/group): Group 2: hepatitis, fed on a standard diet as a positive control group; Group 3: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink; Group 4: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 10% golden berry juice. Group 5: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 20% golden berry juice. Various biological parameters were determined. Yogurt drink treatments were evaluated for their chemical, phytochemical, and sensory properties, as well as for their effects on hepatoprotective activity by determining various biochemical parameters. We found that the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited no significant differences in fat, protein, and ash content compared with the control samples. Moreover, the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited the highest content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic scores among all treatments. In addition, rats fed on a diet fortified with yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice for 8 weeks exhibited higher potential hepatoprotective effects compared with the liver injury control group. This improvement was partly observed in the group that received the yogurt drink containing golden berry juice. Therefore, we concluded that golden berry juice can be recommended as a natural additive in the manufacture of functional yogurt drinks, as it showed a potential hepatoprotective effect in rats with hepatitis.
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Humpton TJ, Hall H, Kiourtis C, Nixon C, Clark W, Hedley A, Shaw R, Bird TG, Blyth K, Vousden KH. p53-mediated redox control promotes liver regeneration and maintains liver function in response to CCl 4. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:514-526. [PMID: 34628485 PMCID: PMC8901761 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor coordinates wide-ranging responses to stress that contribute to its function as a tumour suppressor. The responses to p53 induction are complex and range from mediating the elimination of stressed or damaged cells to promoting survival and repair. These activities of p53 can modulate tumour development but may also play a role in pathological responses to stress such as tissue damage and repair. Using a p53 reporter mouse, we have previously detected strong induction of p53 activity in the liver of mice treated with the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Here, we show that p53 functions to support repair and recovery from CCl4-mediated liver damage, control reactive oxygen species (ROS) and limit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in part through the activation of a detoxification cytochrome P450, CYP2A5 (CYP2A6 in humans). Our work demonstrates an important role for p53-mediated redox control in facilitating the hepatic regenerative response after damage and identifies CYP2A5/CYP2A6 as a mediator of this pathway with potential prognostic utility in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Humpton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Raj D, Sharma V, Upadhyaya A, Kumar N, Joshi R, Acharya V, Kumar D, Patial V. Swertia purpurascens Wall ethanolic extract mitigates hepatic fibrosis and restores hepatic hepcidin levels via inhibition of TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114741. [PMID: 34699946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertia purpurascens Wall belongs to a well-known genus in traditional systems of medicine worldwide. In folklore, it is used to treat various ailments, including hepatic disorders, as an alternative to the endangered species Swertia chirayita. However, the therapeutic potential of Swertia purpurascens Wall against hepatic fibrosis has not been validated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of the Swertia purpurascens Wall extract (SPE) against hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolite profiling of the SPE was done using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW dose was done in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 intoxication, and the efficacy of SPE at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated by studying biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting and in silico analysis. RESULTS UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 23 compounds in SPE. Acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW showed no harmful effects in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 administration, and the efficacy of SPE was evaluated at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW). SPE treatment significantly improved the body weight gain, the relative liver weight, serum liver injury markers and endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels in the CCl4-treated rats. SPE also recovered the altered liver histology and effectively reduced the fibrotic tissue deposition in the hepatic parenchyma. Further, SPE significantly inhibited the fibrotic (TGFβ, αSMA, SMADs and Col1A), proinflammatory markers (NFκB, TNFα and IL1β) and apoptosis in the liver tissue. Interestingly, SPE treatment also restored the altered hepcidin levels in the liver tissue. In silico study revealed the potential of various metabolites as drug candidates and their interaction with target proteins. CONCLUSION Altogether, SPE showed its therapeutic potential against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by restoring the hepatic hepcidin levels and inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Raj
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Ashwani Upadhyaya
- PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
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Humpton TJ, Hock AK, Kiourtis C, Donatis MD, Fercoq F, Nixon C, Bryson S, Strathdee D, Carlin LM, Bird TG, Blyth K, Vousden KH. A noninvasive iRFP713 p53 reporter reveals dynamic p53 activity in response to irradiation and liver regeneration in vivo. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabd9099. [PMID: 35133863 PMCID: PMC7612476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded probes are widely used to visualize cellular processes in vitro and in vivo. Although effective in cultured cells, fluorescent protein tags and reporters are suboptimal in vivo because of poor tissue penetration and high background signal. Luciferase reporters offer improved signal-to-noise ratios but require injections of luciferin that can lead to variable responses and that limit the number and timing of data points that can be gathered. Such issues in studying the critical transcription factor p53 have limited insight on its activity in vivo during development and tissue injury responses. Here, by linking the expression of the near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713 to a synthetic p53-responsive promoter, we generated a knock-in reporter mouse that enabled noninvasive, longitudinal analysis of p53 activity in vivo in response to various stimuli. In the developing embryo, this model revealed the timing and localization of p53 activation. In adult mice, the model monitored p53 activation in response to irradiation and paracetamol- or CCl4-induced liver regeneration. After irradiation, we observed potent and sustained activation of p53 in the liver, which limited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted DNA damage resolution. We propose that this new reporter may be used to further advance our understanding of various physiological and pathophysiological p53 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Humpton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Marco De Donatis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Fercoq
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G. Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH164TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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Hefler J, Marfil-Garza BA, Pawlick RL, Freed DH, Karvellas CJ, Bigam DL, Shapiro AMJ. Preclinical models of acute liver failure: a comprehensive review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12579. [PMID: 34966588 PMCID: PMC8667744 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is marked by the rapid deterioration of liver function in a previously well patient over period of days to weeks. Though relatively rare, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This makes it a challenging disease to study clinically, necessitating reliance on preclinical models as means to explore pathophysiology and novel therapies. Preclinical models of acute liver failure are artificial by nature, and generally fall into one of three categories: surgical, pharmacologic or immunogenic. This article reviews preclinical models of acute liver failure and considers their relevance in modeling clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hefler
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braulio A Marfil-Garza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,National Institutes of Medical Sciences & Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.,CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub Excellence & Innovation Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rena L Pawlick
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David L Bigam
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Xu W, Wang P, Wang D, Liu K, Zhang S, Zhao W, Liu G. S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1308-1315. [PMID: 34310894 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to elucidate the related underlying mechanisms. Blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT)) and the liver was harvested for histopathological analysis of enzymes related to the antioxidant response (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Liver cell apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analysis to explore potential mechanisms. S-KET protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage. The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and γ-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. S-Ket also inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis, the changes in expression of related proteins, and blocked CCl4-induced liver injury and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. S-KET effectively protected the liver by inhibition of CCl4-induced damage via upregulation the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Dalong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
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Downregulation of RIP3 Improves the Protective Effect of ATF6 in an Acute Liver Injury Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8717565. [PMID: 34778458 PMCID: PMC8589516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8717565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) are important signaling proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and necroptosis, respectively. However, their regulatory relationship and clinical significance are unknown. We investigate the impact of ATF6 on RIP3 expression, and its role in hepatocyte necroptosis in an acute liver injury model. Methods In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out. LO2 cells were treated with thapsigargin (TG). In vivo, male BALB/c mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 1 mL/kg) or tunicamycin (TM, 2 mg/kg). Then, the impact of ATF6 or RIP3 silencing on liver injury, hepatocyte necroptosis, and ER stress-related protein expression was examined. Results TG induced ER stress and necroptosis and ATF6 and RIP3 expression in LO2 cells. The knockdown of ATF6 significantly decreased RIP3 expression (p < 0.05) and increased ER stress and necroptosis. The downregulation of RIP3 significantly reduced necroptosis and ER stress (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in CCl4 or the TM-induced mouse model. The knockdown of ATF6 significantly decreased CCl4-induced RIP3 expression and increased liver injury, necroptosis, and ER stress in mice livers (p < 0.05). In contrast, the downregulation of RIP3 significantly reduced liver injury, hepatocyte necroptosis, and ER stress. Conclusions Hepatocyte ATF6 has multiple roles in acute liver injury. It reduces hepatocyte necroptosis via negative feedback regulation of ER stress. In addition, ATF6 can upregulate the expression of RIP3, which is not helpful to the recovery process. However, downregulating RIP3 reduces hepatocyte necroptosis by promoting the alleviation of ER stress. The findings suggest that RIP3 could be a plausible target for the treatment of liver injury.
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An Efficient Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Versus Current Experimental Models: Effects of Fructose, Fat, and Carbon Tetrachloride on NAFLD. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of fat in the liver is one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects about 30% of the world's population. Animal models have been useful tools for investigating the mechanisms involved in the etiology of NAFLD and developing new drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to present a new model for the detection of NAFLD in rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: (1) control; (2) 45% fructose + 35% olive oil + carbon tetrachloride (FFC1); (3) carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (C1); (4) carbon tetrachloride (1: 6 in olive oil) (C2); (5) 12.5% fructose + 12.5% olive oil (FF); and (6) 20% fructose + carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (FC1). Blood samples were taken in three steps, and liver tissue was dissected at the end of the sixth week for histopathological assessments. Results: After six weeks, the alanine transaminase (131.63 ± 1.51), aspartate transaminase (275 ± 1.0), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (4.30 ± 0.1) levels increased significantly in the C1 group (P < 0.05). The serum lipid profile showed significant changes in all groups compared to the controls (P < 0.01). According to the histological results, all experimental groups, except the C2 group, showed symptoms of NAFLD; nevertheless, a higher NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) was found in the C1 group, followed by the FC1 group, compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present results revealed that injection of 0.1 mL/kg of carbon tetrachloride (C1 group), alone or along with a diet containing 20% fructose (FC1 group), provided useful animal models of NAFLD, although carbon tetrachloride injection alone is the most effective model in inducing NAFLD model that can be used as a new strategy in nutritional and pharmacological studies.
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Chang ML, Lin YT, Kung HN, Hou YC, Liu JJ, Pan MH, Chen HL, Yu CH, Tsai PJ. A triterpenoid-enriched extract of bitter melon leaves alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7805-7815. [PMID: 34231603 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease characterized by excess deposition of fibrillary collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of a triterpenoid-enriched extract (TEE) from bitter melon leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Male ICR mice received TEE (100 or 150 mg kg-1) by daily oral gavage for one week before starting CCl4 administration and throughout the entire experimental period. After intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for nine weeks, serum and liver tissues of the mice were collected for biochemical, histopathological and molecular analyses. Our results showed that TEE supplementation reduced CCl4-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Histopathological examinations revealed that CCl4 administration results in hepatic fibrosis, while TEE supplementation significantly suppressed hepatic necroinflammation and collagen deposition. In addition, TEE supplementation decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive staining and protein levels of α-SMA and transforming growth factor-β1. TEE-supplemented mice had lower mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and toll-like receptor 4. Moreover, TEE (150 mg kg-1) supplementation significantly reduced intrahepatic inflammatory Ly6C+ monocyte infiltration. We demonstrated that TEE could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and α-SMA expression in the liver to reduce collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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Unsal V, Cicek M, Sabancilar İ. Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:279-295. [PMID: 32970608 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several chemicals, including environmental toxicants and clinically useful drugs, cause severe cellular damage to different organs of our body through metabolic activation to highly reactive substances such as free radicals. Carbon tetrachloride is an organic compound of which chemical formula is CCl₄. CCl4 is strong toxic in the kidney, testicle, brain, heart, lung, other tissues, and particularly in the liver. CCl4 is a powerful hepatoxic, nephrotoxic and prooxidant agent which is widely used to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals and to create hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis and liver injury, chemical hepatitis model, renal failure model, and nephrotoxicity model in recent years. The damage-causing mechanism of CCl4 in tissues can be explained as oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation which starts after the conversion of CCl4 to free radicals of highly toxic trichloromethyl radicals (•CCl₃) and trichloromethyl peroxyl radical (•CCl₃O2) via cytochrome P450 enzyme. Complete disruption of lipids (i.e., peroxidation) is the hallmark of oxidative damage. Free radicals are structures that contain one or more unpaired electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals. These toxic free radicals induce a chain reaction and lipid peroxidation in membrane-like structures rich in phospholipids, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation is the cause of oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free radicals trigger many biological processes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Recent researches state that the way to reduce or eliminate these CCl4-induced negative effects is the antioxidants originated from natural sources. For normal physiological function, there must be a balance between free radicals and antioxidants. If this balance is in favor of free radicals, various pathological conditions occur. Free radicals play a role in various pathological conditions including Pulmonary disease, ischemia / reperfusion rheumatological diseases, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, kidney diseases, hypertension, eye diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes and aging. Free radicals are antagonized by antioxidants and quenched. Antioxidants do not only remove free radicals, but they also have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antithrombotic, antiviral, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Antioxidants contain high phenol compounds and antioxidants have relatively low side effects compared to synthetic drugs. The antioxidants investigated in CCI4 toxicity are usually antioxidants from plants and are promising because of their rich resources and low side effects. Data were investigated using PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, DOAJ, Scopus and Google Scholar, Carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and free radical keywords. This study aims to enlighten the damage-causing mechanism created by free radicals which are produced by CCl4 on tissues/cells and to discuss the role of antioxidants in the prevention of tissue/cell damage. In the future, Antioxidants can be used as a therapeutic strategy to strengthen effective treatment against substances with high toxicity such as CCl4 and increase the antioxidant capacity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velid Unsal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - İlhan Sabancilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Kermanian M, Sadighian S, Ramazani A, Naghibi M, Khoshkam M, Ghezelbash P. Inulin-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Theranostic Platform for Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging of Acute Hepatic Failure. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2701-2715. [PMID: 34061500 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study introduces a superparamagnetic nanocomposite, Fe-Si-In, as a T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with a core of iron oxide nanoparticles and a nonporous silica inner shell/carboxymethyl inulin outer shell. Due to its core/shell properties, the structure characterization, biocompatibility, and performance in MRI, as well as its potential as a drug delivery system, were thoroughly evaluated. The results have shown that the synthesized nanocomposite possesses excellent biocompatibility and acceptable magnetization (Ms = 20 emu g-1). It also has the potential to be a nanocarrier for drug delivery purposes, as evidenced by the results of curcumin administration studies. The developed nanocomposite has shown excellent performance in MRI, while the in vitro relaxivity measurements reveal a stronger T2 relaxivity (r2 = 223.2 ms) compared to the commercial samples available in the market. Furthermore, the in vivo MRI studies demonstrate an excellent contrast between injured livers and normal ones in rats which again upholds the high performance of Fe-Si-In in MRI diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehraneh Kermanian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadighian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran
| | - Mehran Naghibi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshkam
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 1136756199, Iran
| | - Parviz Ghezelbash
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran
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Kamil M, Fatima A, Ullah S, Ali G, Khan R, Ismail N, Qayum M, Irimie M, Dinu CG, Ahmedah HT, Cocuz ME. Toxicological Evaluation of Novel Cyclohexenone Derivative in an Animal Model through Histopathological and Biochemical Techniques. TOXICS 2021; 9:119. [PMID: 34070633 PMCID: PMC8227666 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity studies were conducted to provide safety data of potential drug candidates by determining lethal and toxic doses. This study was designed for pre-clinical evaluation of novel cyclohexenone derivative with respect to the acute and sub-acute toxicity along with the diabetogenic potential. Acute and sub-acute toxicity were assessed after intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of the investigational compound through selected doses for 21 days. This was followed by assessment of isolated body organs (liver, kidney, heart and pancreas) via biochemical indicators and histopathological techniques. No signs of toxicity were revealed in the study of acute toxicity. Similarly, a sub-acute toxicity study showed no significant difference in biochemical indicators on 11th and 21st days between treated and control groups. However, in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and random blood glucose/sugar (RBS) values, significant differences were recorded. Histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, pancreas and heart tissues revealed mild to severe changes in the form of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis and myofibrillary damages on 11th and 21st days of treatment. In conclusion, the median lethal dose of the tested compound was expected to be greater than 500 mg/kg. No significant change occurred in selected biomarkers, except BUN and RBS levels, but a histopathological study showed moderate toxic effect on liver, kidney, pancreas and heart tissues by the cyclohexenone derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Arifa Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Rasool Khan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Naila Ismail
- Department of Pathology, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Mughal Qayum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
| | | | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Elena Cocuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
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Rahman MM, Shahab NB, Miah P, Rahaman MM, Kabir AU, Subhan N, Khan AA, Afroze M, Khan M, Ahmed KS, Hossain H, Haque MA, Alam MA. Polyphenol-rich leaf of Aphanamixis polystachya averts liver inflammation, fibrogenesis and oxidative stress in ovariectomized Long-Evans rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111530. [PMID: 33773464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker, locally known as Pithraj, is a medicinal herb having enormous traditional applications. However, the scientific rationale underlying the ethnomedicinal claims was not well-founded. The current investigation aimed to explore the mechanistic insights of protective effects of ethanol extract of A. polystachya leaf (PT), given orally, on the chemical-intoxicated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in Long-Evans female overiectomized rats. The GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of PT revealed the presence of several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenolic compounds. Catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin and p-coumaric acid have been identified and quantified in the ethanol extract of PT leaf. Intoxication with CCl4 developed the oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation in liver of rats. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) level were found increased; whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the plasma and liver were decreased in CCl4 administered rats. Treatment with PT prominently mitigated the oxidative stress (TBARS, NO, APOP), and inflammatory (MPO) markers and improved the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD) activities in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Additionally, histological assessment confirmed the clear manifestation of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats, which was prevented by PT and silymarin treatment. In conclusion, PT treatment may protect the liver in CCl4-administered rats, probably by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, and also augmenting the function of the antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pintu Miah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahamudur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Ulla Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mirola Afroze
- DRiCM, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mala Khan
- DRiCM, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K Shahin Ahmed
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Ielciu I, Sevastre B, Olah NK, Turdean A, Chișe E, Marica R, Oniga I, Uifălean A, Sevastre-Berghian AC, Niculae M, Benedec D, Hanganu D. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Shoots Tincture in Rats with Experimentally Induced Hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2021; 26:1737. [PMID: 33804618 PMCID: PMC8003693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a widely known species for its medicinal uses, that is also used as raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. The aim of the present study was to offer a novel perspective on the medicinal product originating from this species and to test its hepatoprotective activity. The tested sample consisted in a tincture obtained from the fresh young shoots. Compounds that are evaluated for this activity are polyphenols and terpenoids, that are identified and quantified by HPLC-UV-MS and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro, using the DPPH, FRAP and SO assays. Hepatoprotective activity was tested in rats with experimentally-induced hepatotoxicity. In the chemical composition of the tincture, phenolic diterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmanol, rosmadial) and rosmarinic acid were found to be the majority compounds, alongside with 1,8-cineole, camphene, linalool, borneol and terpineol among monoterpenes. In vitro, the tested tincture proved significant antioxidant capacity. Results of the in vivo experiment showed that hepatoprotective activity is based on an antioxidant mechanism. In this way, the present study offers a novel perspective on the medicinal uses of the species, proving significant amounts of polyphenols and terpenes in the composition of the fresh young shoots tincture, that has proved hepatoprotective activity through an antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Department of Clinic and Paraclinic Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- PlantExtrakt, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (N.-K.O.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Andreea Turdean
- PlantExtrakt, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (N.-K.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisabeta Chișe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Raluca Marica
- Department of Clinic and Paraclinic Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra C. Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division and Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
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Alharbi W, Hassan I, Khan RA, Parveen S, Alharbi KH, Bin Sharfan II, Alhazza IM, Ebaid H, Alsalme A. Bioactive Tryptophan-Based Copper Complex with Auxiliary β-Carboline Spectacle Potential on Human Breast Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:1606. [PMID: 33799355 PMCID: PMC8001361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible tryptophan-derived copper (1) and zinc (2) complexes with norharmane (β-carboline) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the potential anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro cytotoxicity of both complexes 1 and 2 were assessed against two cancerous cells: (human breast cancer) MCF7 and (liver hepatocellular cancer) HepG2 cells with a non-tumorigenic: (human embryonic kidney) HEK293 cells. The results exhibited a potentially decent selectivity of 1 against MCF7 cells with an IC50 value of 7.8 ± 0.4 μM compared to 2 (less active, IC50 ~ 20 μM). Furthermore, we analyzed the level of glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and visualized ROS generation to get an insight into the mechanistic pathway and witnessed oxidative stress. These in vitro results were ascertained by in vivo experiments, which also supported the free radical-mediated oxidative stress. The comet assay confirmed the oxidative stress that leads to DNA damage. The histopathology of the liver also ascertained the low toxicity of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, 46423 Yanbu, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khadijah H. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibtisam I. Bin Sharfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
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Baig MT, Ghufran H, Mehmood A, Azam M, Humayun S, Riazuddin S. Vitamin E pretreated Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate CCl 4-induced hepatocyte injury in vitro and liver fibrosis in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114480. [PMID: 33617844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative microenvironment in fibrotic liver alleviates the efficacious outcome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based cell therapy. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological pretreatment is a rational approach to harness the MSCs with higher therapeutic potential. Here, we investigated whether Vitamin E pretreatment can boost the antifibrotic effects of Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJMSCs). We used rat liver-derived hepatocytes injured by CCl4 treatment in co-culture system with Vitamin E pretreated-WJMSCs (Vit E-WJMSCs) to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Vit E-WJMSCs. After 24 h of co-culturing, we found that Vit E-WJMSCs rescued injured hepatocytes as hepatocyte injury-associated medium (AST, ALT, and ALP) and mRNA (Cyp2e1, Hif1-α, and Il-1β) markers reduced to normal levels. Subsequently, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rat models were employed to examine the antifibrotic potential of Vit E-WJMSCs. After 1 month of cell transplantation, it was revealed that Vit E-WJMSCs transplantation ceased fibrotic progression, as evident by improved hepatic architecture and functions, more significantly in comparison to naïve WJMSCs. In addition, Vit E-WJMSCs transplantation decreased the expressions of fibrosis-associated gene (Tgf-β1, α-Sma, and Col1α1) markers in the liver parenchyma. Intriguingly, the results of tracing experiments discovered that more WJMSCs engrafted in the Vit E-WJMSCs treated rat livers compared to naïve WJMSCs treated livers. These findings implicate that pretreatment of WJMSCs with Vitamin E improves their tolerance to hostile niche of fibrotic liver; thereby further enhancing their efficacy for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tayyab Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ghufran
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Azam
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Humayun
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Meharie BG, Tunta TA. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Damage. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:59-70. [PMID: 33603434 PMCID: PMC7886389 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s290859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is a hub of metabolism and detoxification of substances. Since many redox reactions take place in the liver, it is prone to oxidative damage. Unlike conventional agents, botanicals act through several mechanisms in preventing oxidative damage. Among these Phytolacca dodecandra is the most commonly used agent in Ethiopian folk medicine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root. METHODS Male mice were divided into six groups and treated accordingly. Negative control was given 2% Tween 80, toxicant control administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), positive control treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg, and test groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were determined. Determination of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination of the liver, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays were also carried out. RESULTS The levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin were significantly reduced, while albumin and total protein were significantly increased after treatment with P. dodecandra root extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in CCl4 intoxicated mice. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis capabilities of the liver of mice were also returned to normal in the two doses. Besides, the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were able to return the normal architecture and morphology of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the plant extract was found to scavenge free radicals in vitro and inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root can be used for the management of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Geta Meharie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Agedew Tunta
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Jung YS, Stratton SA, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Jun S, Zhang J, Zheng B, Cervantes CL, Cha JH, Barton MC, Park JI. TMEM9-v-ATPase Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Via APC Lysosomal Degradation for Liver Regeneration and Tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2021; 73:776-794. [PMID: 32380568 PMCID: PMC7647947 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS How Wnt signaling is orchestrated in liver regeneration and tumorigenesis remains elusive. Recently, we identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a Wnt signaling amplifier. APPROACH AND RESULTS TMEM9 facilitates v-ATPase assembly for vesicular acidification and lysosomal protein degradation. TMEM9 is highly expressed in regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. TMEM9 expression is enriched in the hepatocytes around the central vein and acutely induced by injury. In mice, Tmem9 knockout impairs hepatic regeneration with aberrantly increased adenomatosis polyposis coli (Apc) and reduced Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, TMEM9 down-regulates APC through lysosomal protein degradation through v-ATPase. In HCC, TMEM9 is overexpressed and necessary to maintain β-catenin hyperactivation. TMEM9-up-regulated APC binds to and inhibits nuclear translocation of β-catenin, independent of HCC-associated β-catenin mutations. Pharmacological blockade of TMEM9-v-ATPase or lysosomal degradation suppresses Wnt/β-catenin through APC stabilization and β-catenin cytosolic retention. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TMEM9 hyperactivates Wnt signaling for liver regeneration and tumorigenesis through lysosomal degradation of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Department of Life ScienceChung-Ang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sabrina A Stratton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular CarcinogenesisThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Biyun Zheng
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Christopher L Cervantes
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineInha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular CarcinogenesisThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Program in Genetics and EpigeneticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
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Jin L, Huang H, Ni J, Shen J, Liu Z, Li L, Fu S, Yan J, Hu B. Shh-Yap signaling controls hepatic ductular reactions in CCl 4 -induced liver injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:194-203. [PMID: 32996673 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) exposure can induce hepatic ductular reactions. To date, however, the related mechanism remains largely unknown. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Yes-associated protein (Yap) signaling are correlated with liver injury and regeneration. Herein, we investigated the role of Shh and Yap signaling in the fate of ductular reaction cells in CCl4 -treated livers and the possible mechanisms. Wild-type and Shh-EGFP-Cre male mice were exposed to CCl4 (2 mL/kg), and then treated with or without the Shh signaling inhibitor Gant61. The level of liver injury, proliferation of ductular reaction cells, and expression levels of mRNA and protein related to the Shh and Yap signaling components were assessed. Results showed that CCl4 treatment induced liver injury and promoted activation and proliferation of ductular reaction cells. In addition, CCl4 induced the expression of Shh ligands in hepatocytes, accompanied by activation of Shh and Yap1 signaling in the liver. Furthermore, administration of Gant61 ameliorated liver regeneration, inhibited hepatic ductular reactions, and decreased Shh and Yap1 signaling activity. Thus, Shh-Yap1 signaling appears to play an integral role in the proliferation of ductular reaction cells in CCl4 -induced liver injury. This study should improve our understanding of the mechanism of CCl4 -induced liver injury and ductular reactions and provide support for future investigations on liver disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Department of pathology, affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuping Liu
- Department of pathology, affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijing Li
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengmin Fu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyan Yan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Coenzyme Q10 and Silymarin Reduce CCl4-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver and Kidney Injury in Ovariectomized Rats—Implications for Protective Therapy in Chronic Liver and Kidney Diseases. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:50-63. [PMID: 35366269 PMCID: PMC8830449 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the pathophysiology of liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of two antioxidants, namely coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and silymarin, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in ovariectomized rats. Female Long Evans rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): control, CCl4, CCl4 + CoQ10 (200 mg/kg), CCl4 + silymarin (140 mg/kg), Control + CoQ10, and Control + silymarin. Plasma and tissues from liver and kidney were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities using biochemical assays. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were assessed by histological staining of tissue sections. Both CoQ10 and silymarin significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels that were detected to be higher in CCl4 rats compared to controls. Significant reduction in CCl4-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) was observed with both antioxidants. However, in control rats, CoQ10 and silymarin did not produce a significant effect. Histological analysis revealed that CCl4 markedly increased the level of inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues, but this was significantly reduced in CCl4 + CoQ10 and CCl4 + silymarin groups. Taken together, our results suggest that CoQ10 and silymarin can protect the liver against oxidative damage through improved antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation. Thus, supplementation of the aforementioned antioxidants may be useful as a therapeutic intervention to protect liver health in chronic liver diseases.
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Research progress on the protective effects of licorice-derived 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against liver injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:18-26. [PMID: 32144337 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first description of the medical use of licorice appeared in "Shennong Bencao Jing", one of the well-known Chinese herbal medicine classic books dated back to 220-280 AD. As one of the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal medicine, licorice is known as "Guo Lao", meaning "a national treasure" in China. Modern pharmacological investigations have confirmed that licorice possesses a number of biological activities, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immune regulation, and liver protection. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid is one of the most extensively studied active integrants of licorice. Here, we provide an overview of the protective effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against various acute and chronic liver diseases observed in experimental models, and summarize its pharmacological effects and potential toxic/side effects at higher doses. We also make additional comments on the important areas that may warrant further research to support appropriate clinical applications of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and avoid potential risks.
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Lactobacillus plantarum KFY02 enhances the prevention of CCl4-induced liver injury by transforming geniposide into genipin to increase the antioxidant capacity of mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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