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Guo A, Wu Q, Yan X, Chen K, Liu Y, Liang D, Yang Y, Luo Q, Xiong M, Yu Y, Fei E, Chen F. Differential roles of lysosomal cholesterol transporters in the development of C. elegans NMJs. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402584. [PMID: 39084875 PMCID: PMC11291935 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis in neurons is critical for synapse formation and maintenance. Neurons with impaired cholesterol uptake undergo progressive synapse loss and eventual degeneration. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of neuronal cholesterol homeostasis and its role during synapse development, we studied motor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans because these neurons rely on dietary cholesterol. Combining lipidomic analysis, we discovered that NCR-1, a lysosomal cholesterol transporter, promotes cholesterol absorption and synapse development. Loss of ncr-1 causes smaller synapses, and low cholesterol exacerbates the deficits. Moreover, NCR-1 deficiency hinders the increase in synapses under high cholesterol. Unexpectedly, NCR-2, the NCR-1 homolog, increases the use of cholesterol and sphingomyelins and impedes synapse formation. NCR-2 deficiency causes an increase in synapses regardless of cholesterol concentration. Inhibiting the degradation or synthesis of sphingomyelins can induce or suppress the synaptic phenotypes in ncr-2 mutants. Our findings indicate that neuronal cholesterol homeostasis is differentially controlled by two lysosomal cholesterol transporters and highlight the importance of neuronal cholesterol homeostasis in synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Guo
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Wu
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kanghua Chen
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dingfa Liang
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuxiao Yang
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qunfeng Luo
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingtao Xiong
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Erkang Fei
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Chen
- https://ror.org/042v6xz23 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Malara M, Prestel M, Tahirovic S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal-glial crosstalk in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220388. [PMID: 38368932 PMCID: PMC10874755 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare progressive lysosomal lipid storage disorder that manifests with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical syndromes, including visceral, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. This monogenetic autosomal recessive disease is largely caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which controls intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vesicle-mediated endo-lysosomal lipid trafficking and non-vesicular lipid exchange via inter-organelle membrane contact sites are both regulated by the NPC1 protein. Loss of NPC1 function therefore triggers intracellular accumulation of diverse lipid species, including cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and sphingosine. The NPC1-mediated dysfunction of lipid transport has severe consequences for all brain cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Besides the cell-autonomous contribution of neuronal NPC1, aberrant NPC1 signalling in other brain cells is critical for the pathology. We discuss here the importance of endo-lysosomal dysfunction and a tight crosstalk between neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in NPC pathology. We strongly believe that a cell-specific rescue may not be sufficient to counteract the severity of the NPC pathology, but targeting common mechanisms, such as endo-lysosomal and lipid trafficking dysfunction, may ameliorate NPC pathology. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Malara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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3
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De Marchi F, Munitic I, Vidatic L, Papić E, Rački V, Nimac J, Jurak I, Novotni G, Rogelj B, Vuletic V, Liscic RM, Cannon JR, Buratti E, Mazzini L, Hecimovic S. Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2793. [PMID: 37893165 PMCID: PMC10604382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential immune therapeutic targets are similarly affected in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as in a seemingly distinct Niemann-Pick type C disease with primarily juvenile onset. This strongly argues for an overlap in pathogenic mechanisms. The commonly researched immune targets include various immune cell subsets, such as microglia, peripheral macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs); the complement system; and other soluble factors. In this review, we compare these neurodegenerative diseases from a clinical point of view and highlight common pathways and mechanisms of protein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and/or neuroinflammation that could potentially lead to shared treatment strategies for overlapping immune dysfunctions in these diseases. These approaches include but are not limited to immunisation, complement cascade blockade, microbiome regulation, inhibition of signal transduction, Treg boosting, and stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Eliša Papić
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jerneja Nimac
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Gabriela Novotni
- Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 91701 Skoplje, North Macedonia;
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimira Vuletic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rajka M. Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Sachsenklinik GmbH, Muldentalweg 1, 04828 Bennewitz, Germany;
| | - Jason R. Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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4
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Rasmussen CLM, Thomsen LB, Heegaard CW, Moos T, Burkhart A. The Npc2 Gt(LST105)BygNya mouse signifies pathological changes comparable to human Niemann-Pick type C2 disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103880. [PMID: 37454976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Niemann-Pick type C2 disease (NP-C2) is a fatal neurovisceral disorder caused by defects in the lysosomal cholesterol transporter protein NPC2. Consequently, cholesterol and other lipids accumulate within the lysosomes, causing a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations. Murine models are essential for increasing the understanding of the complex pathology of NP-C2. This study, therefore, aims to describe the neurovisceral pathology in the NPC2-deficient mouse model to evaluate its correlation to human NP-C2. METHODS Npc2-/- mice holding the LST105 mutation were used in the present study (Npc2Gt(LST105)BygNya). Body and organ weight and histopathological evaluations were carried out in six and 12-week-old Npc2-/- mice, with a special emphasis on neuropathology. The Purkinje cell (PC) marker calbindin, the astrocytic marker GFAP, and the microglia marker IBA1 were included to assess PC degeneration and neuroinflammation, respectively. In addition, the pathology of the liver, lungs, and spleen was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Six weeks old pre-symptomatic Npc2-/- mice showed splenomegaly and obvious neuropathological changes, especially in the cerebellum, where initial PC loss and neuroinflammation were evident. The Npc2-/- mice developed neurological symptoms at eight weeks of age, severely progressing until the end-stage of the disease at 12 weeks. At the end-stage of the disease, Npc2-/- mice were characterized by growth retardation, tremor, cerebellar ataxia, splenomegaly, foam cell accumulation in the lungs, liver, and spleen, brain atrophy, pronounced PC degeneration, and severe neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The Npc2Gt(LST105)BygNya mouse model resembles the pathology seen in NP-C2 patients and denotes a valuable model for increasing the understanding of the complex disease manifestation and is relevant for testing the efficacies of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louiza Bohn Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Moos
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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5
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Las Heras M, Szenfeld B, Ballout RA, Buratti E, Zanlungo S, Dardis A, Klein AD. Understanding the phenotypic variability in Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC): a need for precision medicine. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:21. [PMID: 37567876 PMCID: PMC10421955 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by the buildup of endo-lysosomal cholesterol and glycosphingolipids due to loss of function mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes. NPC patients can present with a broad phenotypic spectrum, with differences at the age of onset, rate of progression, severity, organs involved, effects on the central nervous system, and even response to pharmacological treatments. This article reviews the phenotypic variation of NPC and discusses its possible causes, such as the remaining function of the defective protein, modifier genes, sex, environmental cues, and splicing factors, among others. We propose that these factors should be considered when designing or repurposing treatments for this disease. Despite its seeming complexity, this proposition is not far-fetched, considering the expanding interest in precision medicine and easier access to multi-omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Benjamín Szenfeld
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Rami A Ballout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330033, Chile
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile.
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Schultz ML, Schache KJ, Azaria RD, Kuiper EQ, Erwood S, Ivakine EA, Farhat NY, Porter FD, Pathmasiri KC, Cologna SM, Uhler MD, Lieberman AP. Species-specific differences in NPC1 protein trafficking govern therapeutic response in Niemann-Pick type C disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160308. [PMID: 36301667 PMCID: PMC9746915 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding and trafficking of transmembrane glycoproteins are essential for cellular homeostasis and are compromised in many diseases. In Niemann-Pick type C disease, a lysosomal disorder characterized by impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking, the transmembrane glycoprotein NPC1 misfolds due to disease-causing missense mutations. While mutant NPC1 has emerged as a robust target for proteostasis modulators, drug development efforts have been unsuccessful in mouse models. Here, we demonstrated unexpected differences in trafficking through the medial Golgi between mouse and human I1061T-NPC1, a common disease-causing mutant. We established that these distinctions are governed by differences in the NPC1 protein sequence rather than by variations in the endoplasmic reticulum-folding environment. Moreover, we demonstrated direct effects of mutant protein trafficking on the response to small molecules that modulate the endoplasmic reticulum-folding environment by affecting Ca++ concentration. Finally, we developed a panel of isogenic human NPC1 iNeurons expressing WT, I1061T-, and R934L-NPC1 and demonstrated their utility in testing these candidate therapeutics. Our findings identify important rules governing mutant NPC1's response to proteostatic modulators and highlight the importance of species- and mutation-specific responses for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kylie J. Schache
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth D. Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esmée Q. Kuiper
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Erwood
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and
| | - Evgueni A. Ivakine
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Y. Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew P. Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Sitarska D, Tylki-Szymańska A, Ługowska A. Treatment trials in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2215-2221. [PMID: 34596813 PMCID: PMC8580890 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a genetically determined neurodegenerative metabolic disease. It belongs to the lysosomal storage diseases and its main cause is impaired cholesterol transport in late endosomes or lysosomes. It is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that results from mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The treatment efforts are focused on the slowing its progression. The only registered drug, devoted for NPC patients is Miglustat. Effective treatment is still under development. NPC disease mainly affects the nervous system, and the crossing of the blood-brain barrier by medicines is still a challenge, therefore the combination therapies of several compounds are increasingly being worked on. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities in treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. The discussed research results relate to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Sitarska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Al. Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Al. Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum Hijacks Flotillin and NPC1 Complex To Acquire Intracellular Cholesterol for Proliferation, Which Can Be Inhibited with Ezetimibe. mBio 2021; 12:e0229921. [PMID: 34544283 PMCID: PMC8546544 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02299-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular cholesterol transport protein Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) and lipid-raft protein flotillin (FLOT) are required for cholesterol uptake by the obligatory intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum and for infection, and each protein localizes to membrane-bound inclusions containing replicating bacteria. Here, we found striking localization of FLOT2 in NPC1-lined vesicles and a physical interaction between FLOT2 and NPC1. This interaction was cholesterol dependent, as a CRAC (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid cholesterol-binding) domain mutant of FLOT2 did not interact with NPC1, and the cholesterol-sequestering agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced the interaction. The stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflC/K domain of FLOT2, FLOT21–183, was sufficient for the unique FLOT2 localization and interaction with NPC1. NPC1, FLOT2, and FLOT21–183 trafficked to the lumen of Anaplasma inclusions. A loss-of-function mutant, NPC1P691S (mutation in the sterol-sensing domain), did not colocalize or interact with FLOT2 or with Anaplasma inclusions and inhibited infection. Ezetimibe is a drug that blocks cholesterol absorption in the small intestine by inhibiting plasma membrane Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 interaction with FLOTs. Ezetimibe blocked the interaction between NPC1 and FLOT2 and inhibited Anaplasma infection. Ezetimibe did not directly inhibit Anaplasma proliferation but inhibited host membrane lipid and cholesterol traffic to the bacteria in the inclusion. These data suggest that Anaplasma hijacks NPC1 vesicles containing cholesterol bound to FLOT2 to deliver cholesterol into Anaplasma inclusions to assimilate cholesterol for its proliferation. These results provide insights into mechanisms of intracellular cholesterol transport and a potential approach to inhibit Anaplasma infection by blocking cholesterol delivery into the lumen of bacterial inclusions.
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Glial contribution to cyclodextrin-mediated reversal of cholesterol accumulation in murine NPC1-deficient neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105469. [PMID: 34364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disorder presenting severe neurovisceral symptoms. Disease-causing mutations in genes encoding either NPC1 or NPC2 protein provoke accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in specific structures of the endosomal-lysosomal system and degeneration of specific cells, notably neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD) emerged as potential therapeutic approach based on animal studies and clinical data, but the mechanism of action in neurons has remained unclear. To address this topic in vivo, we took advantage of the retina as highly accessible part of the CNS and intravitreal injections as mode of drug administration. Coupling CD to gold nanoparticles allowed us to trace its intracellular location. We report that CD enters the endosomal-lysosomal system of neurons in vivo and enables the release of lipid-laden lamellar inclusions, which are then removed from the extracellular space by specific types of glial cells. Our data suggest that CD induces a concerted action of neurons and glial cells to restore lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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10
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Cariati I, Masuelli L, Bei R, Tancredi V, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G. Neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: An Updated Review on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Counteract Brain and Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126600. [PMID: 34202978 PMCID: PMC8234817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive storage disorder, characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in the late endo-lysosomal system of cells. Progressive neurological deterioration and the onset of symptoms, such as ataxia, seizures, cognitive decline, and severe dementia, are pathognomonic features of the disease. In addition, different pathological similarities, including degeneration of hippocampal and cortical neurons, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurofibrillary tangle formation, have been identified between NPC disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet well understood, and even a real cure to counteract neurodegeneration has not been identified. Therefore, the combination of current pharmacological therapies, represented by miglustat and cyclodextrin, and non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical exercise and appropriate diet, could represent a strategy to improve the quality of life of NPC patients. Based on this evidence, in our review we focused on the neurodegenerative aspects of NPC disease, summarizing the current knowledge on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for cognitive impairment, and suggesting physical exercise and nutritional treatments as additional non-pharmacologic approaches to reduce the progression and neurodegenerative course of NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Liu EA, Mori E, Hamasaki F, Lieberman AP. TDP-43 proteinopathy occurs independently of autophagic substrate accumulation and underlies nuclear defects in Niemann-Pick C disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:1019-1032. [PMID: 34048071 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR-DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) are a pathological hallmark of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, yet the processes that mediate their formation and their functional significance remain incompletely understood. Both dysfunction in autophagy and neuroinflammation have been linked to TDP-43 mislocalisation. Here, we investigate TDP-43 proteinopathy in Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD) distinguished by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol within late endosomes and lysosomes. NPC is characterised by neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and multifocal disruption of the autophagy pathway. METHODS We utilised immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical and gene expression studies to characterise TDP-43 pathology and autophagic substrate accumulation in Npc1-deficient mice. RESULTS In the NPC brain, cytoplasmic TDP-43 mislocalisation was independent of autophagic substrate accumulation. These pathologies occurred in distinct neuronal subtypes, as brainstem cholinergic neurons were more susceptible to TDP-43 mislocalisation, whereas glutamatergic neurons exhibited hallmarks of autophagic dysfunction. Furthermore, TDP-43 mislocalisation did not co-localise with markers of stress granules or progress to ubiquitinated aggregates over months in vivo, indicating a stable, early stage in the aggregation process. Neither microgliosis nor neuroinflammation were sufficient to drive TDP-43 proteinopathy in the NPC brain. Notably, cytoplasmic TDP-43 co-localised with the nuclear import factor importin α, and TDP-43 mislocalised neurons demonstrated nuclear membrane abnormalities and disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the relationship between LSDs and TDP-43 proteinopathy, define its functional importance in NPC by triggering nuclear dysfunction, and expand the spectrum of TDP-43 pathology in the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erika Mori
- Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Xu C, Guo J, Li L, Wang X, Zhou Q, Sun D, Zhang S, Li S, Ye J, Liu Y, Liu E, Zeng P, Wang X, Yang Y, Wang JZ. Co-Expression of Three Wild-Type 3R-Tau Isoforms Induces Memory Deficit via Oxidation-Related DNA Damage and Cell Death: A Promising Model for Tauopathies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1105-1123. [PMID: 31884489 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The three isoforms of 3R-tau are predominantly deposited in neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while only 3R-tau accumulation has been detected in Pick's disease (PiD), suggesting the involvement of 3R-tau in neurodegeneration. However, both the role and the molecular mechanism of 3R-tau in neurodegeneration are elusive. Here, we co-expressed three isoforms of human wild-type 3R-tau in adult mouse hippocampal to mimic the pathologic tau accumulating observed in PiD patients. We found that co-expressing three 3R-tau isoforms induced hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of tau proteins; simultaneously, the mice showed remarkable neuron death with synapse and memory deficits. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that co-expressing 3R-tau isoforms caused oxidative stress evidenced by an increased malondialdehyde, and the decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase; the 3R-tau accumulation also induced significant glial activation and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Notably, the toxic effects of 3R-tau accumulation were efficiently reversed by administration of antioxidants Vitamin E (VitE) and Vitamin C (VitC), respectively. These data reveal that intracellular accumulation of 3R-tau isoforms in adult brain induces significant neuron death and memory deficits with the mechanism involving oxidation-mediated DSBs; and the antioxidants VitE and VitC can efficiently attenuate the toxicities of 3R-tau. Given that no significant cell death has been detected in the currently available wild-type tau-accumulating models, co-expressing 3R-tau isoforms could be a promising model for drug development of tauopathies, such as PiD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Physiology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qiuzhi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinwang Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Enjie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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13
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Loss of NPC1 enhances phagocytic uptake and impairs lipid trafficking in microglia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1158. [PMID: 33627648 PMCID: PMC7904859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder mainly caused by mutations in NPC1, resulting in abnormal late endosomal/lysosomal lipid storage. Although microgliosis is a prominent pathological feature, direct consequences of NPC1 loss on microglial function remain not fully characterized. We discovered pathological proteomic signatures and phenotypes in NPC1-deficient murine models and demonstrate a cell autonomous function of NPC1 in microglia. Loss of NPC1 triggers enhanced phagocytic uptake and impaired myelin turnover in microglia that precede neuronal death. Npc1−/− microglia feature a striking accumulation of multivesicular bodies and impaired trafficking of lipids to lysosomes while lysosomal degradation function remains preserved. Molecular and functional defects were also detected in blood-derived macrophages of NPC patients that provide a potential tool for monitoring disease. Our study underscores an essential cell autonomous role for NPC1 in immune cells and implies microglial therapeutic potential. Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare childhood neurodegenerative disorder predominantly caused by mutations in NPC1, resulting in abnormal late endosomal and lysosomal defects. Here the authors show that NPC1 disruption largely impairs microglial function.
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14
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Understanding and Treating Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Models Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238979. [PMID: 33256121 PMCID: PMC7730076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms causing human diseases and to develop curative therapies. So far, these goals have been achieved for a small fraction of diseases, limiting factors being the availability, validity, and use of experimental models. Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) is a prime example for a disease that lacks a curative therapy despite substantial breakthroughs. This rare, fatal, and autosomal-recessive disorder is caused by defects in NPC1 or NPC2. These ubiquitously expressed proteins help cholesterol exit from the endosomal–lysosomal system. The dysfunction of either causes an aberrant accumulation of lipids with patients presenting a large range of disease onset, neurovisceral symptoms, and life span. Here, we note general aspects of experimental models, we describe the line-up used for NPC-related research and therapy development, and we provide an outlook on future topics.
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15
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Signatures of natural selection and ethnic-specific prevalence of NPC1 pathogenic mutations contributing to obesity and Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18787. [PMID: 33139814 PMCID: PMC7608643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While homozygous pathogenic mutations in the NPC1 gene cause Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, heterozygous mutations cause highly-penetrant obesity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of NPC1 mutations and their signatures of natural selection in 122,678 exome sequenced participants from six ethnic groups in the Genome Aggregation Database. Pathogenic missense coding mutations were identified by in silico tools and the ClinVar database. Signatures of natural selection were assessed by the probability of NPC1 being loss-of-function mutation intolerant and Z-scores of observed/expected synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios. There was no evidence of negative selection observed for synonymous, non-synonymous and loss-of-function mutations. However, there were significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of heterozygous pathogenic NPC1 mutations ranging from 0.56% in Ashkenazi Jewish to 3.26% in African/African Americans (5.8-fold difference). Four homozygous carriers of pathogenic NPC1 mutations were also identified, belonging to the South Asian population. In conclusion, NPC1 mutations are consistent with a model of balanced selection, where heterozygotes and homozygotes have higher and lower reproductive fitness, respectively. Therefore, NPC1 heterozygous mutations may account for a substantial and ethnic-dependent percentage of obesity in the general population, while NPC1 homozygous mutations may be frequent in the South Asian populations and warrants more investigation.
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16
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Moon DW, Park YH, Lee SY, Lim H, Kwak S, Kim MS, Kim H, Kim E, Jung Y, Hoe HS, Kim S, Lim DK, Kim CH, In SI. Multiplex Protein Imaging with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Conjugated Antibodies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18056-18064. [PMID: 32073828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of recent developments in mass spectrometry imaging techniques, high-resolution multiplex protein bioimaging techniques are required to unveil the complex inter- and intracellular biomolecular interactions for accurate understanding of life phenomena and disease mechanisms. Herein, we report multiplex protein imaging with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using metal oxide nanoparticle (MONP)-conjugated antibodies with <300 nm spatial resolution in the low ion dose without ion beam damage because of the high secondary ion yields of the MONPs, which can provide simultaneous imaging of several proteins, especially from cell membranes. We applied our new imaging technique for the study of hippocampal tissue samples from control and Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice; the proximity of protein clusters in the hippocampus CA1 region showed intriguing dependence on aging and AD progress, suggesting that protein cluster proximity may be helpful for understanding pathological pathways in the microscopic cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Moon
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - SuHwa Kwak
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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18
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Walterfang M, Di Biase MA, Cropley VL, Scott AM, O'Keefe G, Velakoulis D, Pathmaraj K, Ackermann U, Pantelis C. Imaging of neuroinflammation in adult Niemann-Pick type C disease: A cross-sectional study. Neurology 2020; 94:e1716-e1725. [PMID: 32209649 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that neuroinflammation is a key process in adult Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, we undertook PET scanning utilizing a ligand binding activated microglia on 9 patients and 9 age- and sex-matched controls. METHOD We scanned all participants with the PET radioligand 11C-(R)-PK-11195 and undertook structural MRI to measure gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). RESULTS We found increased binding of 11C-(R)-PK-11195 in total white matter compared to controls (p < 0.01), but not in gray matter regions, and this did not correlate with illness severity or duration. Gray matter was reduced in the thalamus (p < 0.0001) in patients, who also showed widespread reductions in FA across the brain compared to controls (p < 0.001). A significant correlation between 11C-(R)-PK11195 binding and FA was shown (p = 0.002), driven by the NPC patient group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that neuroinflammation-particularly in white matter-may underpin some structural and degenerative changes in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Walterfang
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Graeme O'Keefe
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Kunthi Pathmaraj
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- From the Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.W., D.V.), Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), The University of Melbourne & North Western Mental Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.W., C.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.W., M.A.D., V.L.C., D.V., C.P.), and Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (C.P.), The University of Melbourne; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (A.M.S., G.O., K.P., U.A.), Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre and La Trobe University (A.M.S., G.O., U.A.), Melbourne; and Cooperative Centre for Mental Health Research (C.P.), Carlton, Australia.
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Complement Component C3 Participates in Early Stages of Niemann-Pick C Mouse Liver Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062127. [PMID: 32244854 PMCID: PMC7139721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disorder, is mainly caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Niemann–Pick type C patients and mice show intracellular cholesterol accumulation leading to hepatic failure with increased inflammatory response. The complement cascade, which belongs to the innate immunity response, recognizes danger signals from injured tissues. We aimed to determine whether there is activation of the complement system in the liver of the NPC mouse and to assess the relationship between C3 activation, a final component of the pathway, and NPC liver pathology. Niemann–Pick type C mice showed high levels of C3 staining in the liver which unexpectedly decreased with aging. Using an inducible NPC1 hepatocyte rescue mouse model, we restored NPC1 expression for a short time in young mice. We found C3 positive cells only in non-rescued cells, suggesting that C3 activation in NPC cells is reversible. Then, we studied the effect of C3 ablation on NPC liver damage at two postnatal time points, P56 and P72. Deletion of C3 reduced the presence of hepatic CD68-positive cells at postnatal day 56 and prevented the increase of transaminase levels in the blood of NPC mice. These positive effects were abrogated at P72, indicating that the complement cascade participates only during the early stages of liver damage in NPC mice, and that its inhibition may serve as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the disease.
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20
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Cerebellar Astrocytes: Much More Than Passive Bystanders In Ataxia Pathophysiology. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030757. [PMID: 32168822 PMCID: PMC7141261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia is a neurodegenerative syndrome, which can emerge as a major element of a disease or represent a symptom of more complex multisystemic disorders. It comprises several forms with a highly variegated etiology, mainly united by motor, balance, and speech impairments and, at the tissue level, by cerebellar atrophy and Purkinje cells degeneration. For this reason, the contribution of astrocytes to this disease has been largely overlooked in the past. Nevertheless, in the last few decades, growing evidences are pointing to cerebellar astrocytes as crucial players not only in the progression but also in the onset of distinct forms of ataxia. Although the current knowledge on this topic is very fragmentary and ataxia type-specific, the present review will attempt to provide a comprehensive view of astrocytes’ involvement across the distinct forms of this pathology. Here, it will be highlighted how, through consecutive stage-specific mechanisms, astrocytes can lead to non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration and, consequently, to the behavioral impairments typical of this disease. In light of that, treating astrocytes to heal neurons will be discussed as a potential complementary therapeutic approach for ataxic patients, a crucial point provided the absence of conclusive treatments for this disease.
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21
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Cohen-Dvashi H, Zehner M, Ehrhardt S, Katz M, Elad N, Klein F, Diskin R. Structural Basis for a Convergent Immune Response against Ebola Virus. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:418-427.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Cawley NX, Sojka C, Cougnoux A, Lyons AT, Nicoli E, Wassif CA, Porter FD. Abnormal LAMP1 glycosylation may play a role in Niemann-Pick disease, type C pathology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227829. [PMID: 31999726 PMCID: PMC6992233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC) is the progressive degeneration of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum caused by the accumulation of free cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the lysosome. Recent studies suggest that the state of glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins may play a role in disease progression. Our study has identified the presence of a highly glycosylated form of Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP1) that correlated spatiotemporally with Purkinje neuron loss. This form of LAMP1 was predominantly localized to activated microglia; showing a ~5-fold increase in surface labeling by FACS analysis. This suggests a potential role for LAMP1 in the neuro-inflammatory process in these mice during disease progression. Analysis of other mouse models of neurodegeneration that exhibit neuro-inflammation showed little or no presence of this glycosylated form of LAMP1, suggesting this observation for LAMP1 is specific to NPC disease. Furthermore, early treatment of Npc1-/- mice with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), significantly prevented the appearance of the glycosylated LAMP1 in the cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice at 7 weeks, consistent with the prevention of neuro-inflammation in mice treated with this drug. Treatment of Npc1-/- mice with HPβCD at 7 weeks, after disease onset, did not reverse or prevent further appearance of the hyperglycosylated LAMP1, demonstrating that once this aspect of neuro-inflammation began, it continued despite the HPβCD treatment. Analysis of LAMP1 in cerebellar tissue of NPC1 patients showed a small level of hyperglycosylated LAMP1 in the tissue, however, this was not seen in the CSF of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh X. Cawley
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Sojka
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anna T. Lyons
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Elena‐Raluca Nicoli
- Department of Health and Human Services, Pediatric Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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23
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Cytosine and adenine base editing of the brain, liver, retina, heart and skeletal muscle of mice via adeno-associated viruses. Nat Biomed Eng 2020. [PMID: 31937940 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0501-5.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The success of base editors for the study and treatment of genetic diseases depends on the ability to deliver them in vivo to the relevant cell types. Delivery via adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is limited by AAV packaging capacity, which precludes the use of full-length base editors. Here, we report the application of dual AAVs for the delivery of split cytosine and adenine base editors that are then reconstituted by trans-splicing inteins. Optimized dual AAVs enable in vivo base editing at therapeutically relevant efficiencies and dosages in the mouse brain (up to 59% of unsorted cortical tissue), liver (38%), retina (38%), heart (20%) and skeletal muscle (9%). We also show that base editing corrects, in mouse brain tissue, a mutation that causes Niemann-Pick disease type C (a neurodegenerative ataxia), slowing down neurodegeneration and increasing lifespan. The optimized delivery vectors should facilitate the efficient introduction of targeted point mutations into multiple tissues of therapeutic interest.
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24
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Levy JM, Yeh WH, Pendse N, Davis JR, Hennessey E, Butcher R, Koblan LW, Comander J, Liu Q, Liu DR. Cytosine and adenine base editing of the brain, liver, retina, heart and skeletal muscle of mice via adeno-associated viruses. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:97-110. [PMID: 31937940 PMCID: PMC6980783 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The success of base editors for the study and treatment of genetic diseases depends on the ability to deliver them in vivo to the relevant cell types. Delivery via adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is limited by AAV packaging capacity, which precludes the use of full-length base editors. Here, we report the application of dual AAVs for the delivery of split cytosine and adenine base editors that are then reconstituted by trans-splicing inteins. Optimized dual AAVs enable in vivo base editing at therapeutically relevant efficiencies and dosages in the mouse brain (up to 59% of unsorted cortical tissue), liver (38%), retina (38%), heart (20%) and skeletal muscle (9%). We also show that base editing corrects, in mouse brain tissue, a mutation that causes Niemann-Pick disease type C (a neurodegenerative ataxia), slowing down neurodegeneration and increasing lifespan. The optimized delivery vectors should facilitate the efficient introduction of targeted point mutations into multiple tissues of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Levy
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Hsi Yeh
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nachiket Pendse
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessie R Davis
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Hennessey
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rossano Butcher
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke W Koblan
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Comander
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Kavetsky L, Green KK, Boyle BR, Yousufzai FAK, Padron ZM, Melli SE, Kuhnel VL, Jackson HM, Blanco RE, Howell GR, Soto I. Increased interactions and engulfment of dendrites by microglia precede Purkinje cell degeneration in a mouse model of Niemann Pick Type-C. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14722. [PMID: 31605022 PMCID: PMC6788982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick Type-C disease (NPC) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by pathogenic variants in the Npc1 or Npc2 genes that lead to the accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in lysosomes. NPC1 deficiency causes neurodegeneration, dementia and early death. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are particularly hypersensitive to NPC1 deficiency and degenerate earlier than other neurons in the brain. Activation of microglia is an important contributor to PCs degeneration in NPC. However, the mechanisms by which activated microglia promote PCs degeneration in NPC are not completely understood. Here, we are demonstrating that in the Npc1nmf164 mouse cerebellum, microglia in the molecular layer (ML) are activated and contacting dendrites at early stages of NPC, when no loss of PCs is detected. During the progression of PCs degeneration in Npc1nmf164 mice, accumulation of phagosomes and autofluorescent material in microglia at the ML coincided with the degeneration of dendrites and PCs. Feeding Npc1nmf164 mice a western diet (WD) increased microglia activation and corresponded with a more extensive degeneration of dendrites but not PC somata. Together our data suggest that microglia contribute to the degeneration of PCs by interacting, engulfing and phagocytosing their dendrites while the cell somata are still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Kavetsky
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kayla K Green
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Bridget R Boyle
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Fawad A K Yousufzai
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Zachary M Padron
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Sierra E Melli
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Victoria L Kuhnel
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Rosa E Blanco
- The Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Ileana Soto
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
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26
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Shin SD, Shin A, Mayagoitia K, Wilson CG, Bellinger DL, Soriano S. Interferon downstream signaling is activated early in pre-symptomatic Niemann-Pick disease type C. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Hammond N, Munkacsi AB, Sturley SL. The complexity of a monogenic neurodegenerative disease: More than two decades of therapeutic driven research into Niemann-Pick type C disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1109-1123. [PMID: 31002946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease typified by aberrations in intracellular lipid transport. Cholesterol and other lipids accumulate in the late endosome/lysosome of all diseased cells thereby causing neuronal and visceral atrophy. A cure for NP-C remains elusive despite the extensive molecular advances emanating from the identification of the primary genetic defect in 1997. Penetration of the blood-brain barrier and efficacy in the viscera are prerequisites for effective therapy, however the rarity of NP-C disease is the major impediment to progress. Disease diagnosis is challenging and establishment of appropriate test populations for clinical trials difficult. Fortunately, disease models that span the diversity of microbial and metazoan life have been utilized to advance the quest for a therapy. The complexity of lipid storage in this disorder and in the model systems, has led to multiple theories on the primary disease mechanism and consequently numerous and varied proposed interventions. Here, we conduct an evaluation of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen L Sturley
- Department of Biology, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.
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28
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Fog CK, Kirkegaard T. Animal models for Niemann-Pick type C: implications for drug discovery & development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:499-509. [PMID: 30887840 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1588882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral, progressively detrimental lysosomal storage disease with very limited therapeutic options and no approved treatment available in the US. Despite its rarity, NPC has seen increased drug developmental efforts over the past decade, culminating in the completion of two potential registration trials in 2018. Areas covered: This review highlights the many available animal models that have been developed in the field and briefly covers classical and new cell technologies. This review provides a high-level evaluation and prioritization of the various models with regard to efficient and clinically translatable drug development, and briefly discusses the relevant developments and opportunities pertaining to this. Expert opinion: With a number of in vitro and in vivo models available, and with having several drugs, all with various mechanisms of action, either approved or in late stage development, the NPC field is in an exciting time. One of the challenges for researchers and developers will be the ability to make use of the lessons learnt from existing late-stage programs as well as the incorporation not only of the opportunities but also the limitations of the many models into successful drug discovery and translational development programs.
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29
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Santiago-Mujica E, Flunkert S, Rabl R, Neddens J, Loeffler T, Hutter-Paier B. Hepatic and neuronal phenotype of NPC1 -/- mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01293. [PMID: 30923761 PMCID: PMC6423819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a defect in the intracellular transport of lipoproteins leading to the accumulation of lipids in diverse tissues. A visceral and neuronal phenotype mimicking human NPC1 disease has been described in NPC1 mutant mice. These mice are by now the most widely used NPC1 rodent model to study NPC and developmental compounds against this devastating disease. Here we characterized NPC1-/- mice for their hepatic and neuronal phenotype to confirm the stability of the phenotype, provide a characterization of disease progression and pinpoint the age of robust phenotype onset. Animals of 4-10 weeks of age were analyzed for general health, motor deficits as well as hepatic and neuronal alterations with a special focus on cerebellar pathology. Our results show that NPC1-/- mice have a reduced general health at the age of 9-10 weeks. Robust motor deficits can be observed even earlier at 8 weeks of age. Hepatic changes included increased organ weight and cholesterol levels at 6 weeks of age accompanied by severely increased liver enzyme levels. Analysis of NPC1-/- brain pathology showed decreased cholesterol and increased Aβ levels in the hippocampus at the age of 6 weeks. Further analysis revealed a decrease of the cytokine IL-12p70 in the cerebellum along with a very early increase of astrocytosis. Hippocampal IL-12p70 levels were increased at the age of 6 weeks followed by increased activated microglia levels. By the age of 10 weeks, also cerebellar Aβ levels were increased along with strongly reduced Calbindin D-28k levels. Our results validate and summarize the progressive development of the hepatic and neuronal phenotype of NPC1-/- mice that starts with cerebellar astrocytosis, making this mouse model a valuable tool for the development of new compounds against NPC.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- AOI, Area of interest
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- APP, Amyloid Precursor Protein
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CD45, cluster of differentiation 45
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cell biology
- DAPI, 4′,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- IFN-γ, Interferon-gamma
- IL-10/12, Interleukin-10/12
- KC, keratinocyte chemoattractant
- MAP2, microtubuli-associated protein 2
- Molecular biology
- NPC, Niemann-Pick type C
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- WT, wildtype
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30
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Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms Associated with Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Neurobiology and Management. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:125-142. [PMID: 30632019 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disorder that presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from infancy and childhood or in early or mid-adulthood. Progressive neurological symptoms including ataxia, dystonia and vertical gaze palsy are a hallmark of the disease, and psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis and mood disorders are common. These latter symptoms often present early in the course of NPC and thus these patients are often diagnosed with a major psychotic or affective disorder before neurological and cognitive signs present and the diagnosis is revised. The commonalities and characteristics of psychotic symptoms in both NPC and schizophrenia may share neuronal pathways and mechanisms and provide potential targets for research in both disorders. The neurobiology of NPC and its relationship to the pattern of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms is described in this review. A number of neurobiological models are proposed as mechanisms by which NPC causes psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, informed from models proposed in schizophrenia and other metabolic disorders. There are a number of symptomatic and illness-modifying treatments for NPC currently available. The current evidence is discussed; focussing on two medications which have shown promise, miglustat and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.
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31
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Gadolinium Chloride Rescues Niemann⁻Pick Type C Liver Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113599. [PMID: 30441844 PMCID: PMC6274821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare neurovisceral cholesterol storage disorder that arises from loss of function mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Soon after birth, some patients present with an aggressive hepatosplenomegaly and cholestatic signs. Histopathologically, the liver presents with large numbers of foam cells; however, their role in disease pathogenesis has not been explored in depth. Here, we studied the consequences of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) treatment, a well-known Kupffer/foam cell inhibitor, at late stages of NPC liver disease and compared it with NPC1 genetic rescue in hepatocytes in vivo. GdCl3 treatment successfully blocked the endocytic capacity of hepatic Kupffer/foam measured by India ink endocytosis, decreased the levels CD68—A marker of Kupffer cells in the liver—and normalized the transaminase levels in serum of NPC mice to a similar extent to those obtained by genetic Npc1 rescue of liver cells. Gadolinium salts are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrasts. This study opens the possibility of targeting foam cells with gadolinium or by other means for improving NPC liver disease. Synopsis: Gadolinium chloride can effectively rescue some parameters of liver dysfunction in NPC mice and its potential use in patients should be carefully evaluated.
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32
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Park MH, Lee JY, Jeong MS, Jang HS, Endo S, Bae JS, Jin HK. The role of Purkinje cell-derived VEGF in cerebellar astrogliosis in Niemann-Pick type C mice. BMB Rep 2018; 51:79-84. [PMID: 29397865 PMCID: PMC5836561 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of NPC1 gene function, which leads to severe neuroinflammation such as astrogliosis. While reports demonstrating neuroinflammation are prevalent in NP-C, information about the onset and progression of cerebellar astrogliosis in this disorder is lacking. Using gene targeting, we generated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) conditional null mutant mice. Deletion of VEGF in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) led to a significant increase of astrogliosis in the brain of NP-C mice in addition to the loss of PNs, suggesting PN-derived VEGF as an important factor in NP-C pathology. Moreover, replenishment of VEGF in neurons improved brain pathology in NP-C mice. Overall, our data provide a new pathological perspective on cerebellar astrogliosis in NP-C and suggest the importance of VEGF as a therapeutic target for this disease. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(2): 79-84].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Min Seock Jeong
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyung Sup Jang
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Calderón JF, Klein AD. Controversies on the potential therapeutic use of rapamycin for treating a lysosomal cholesterol storage disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:135-136. [PMID: 30023307 PMCID: PMC6047216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Calderón
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Lamri A, Pigeyre M, Garver WS, Meyre D. The Extending Spectrum of NPC1-Related Human Disorders: From Niemann-Pick C1 Disease to Obesity. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:192-220. [PMID: 29325023 PMCID: PMC5888214 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein regulates the transport of cholesterol and fatty acids from late endosomes/lysosomes and has a central role in maintaining lipid homeostasis. NPC1 loss-of-function mutations in humans cause NPC1 disease, a rare autosomal-recessive lipid-storage disorder characterized by progressive and lethal neurodegeneration, as well as liver and lung failure, due to cholesterol infiltration. In humans, genome-wide association studies and post-genome-wide association studies highlight the implication of common variants in NPC1 in adult-onset obesity, body fat mass, and type 2 diabetes. Heterozygous human carriers of rare loss-of-function coding variants in NPC1 display an increased risk of morbid adult obesity. These associations have been confirmed in mice models, showing an important interaction with high-fat diet. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge for NPC1 variants in relationship to pleiotropic effects on metabolism. We provide evidence that NPC1 gene variations may predispose to common metabolic diseases by modulating steroid hormone synthesis and/or lipid homeostasis. We also propose several important directions of research to further define the complex roles of NPC1 in metabolism. This review emphasizes the contribution of NPC1 to obesity and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Lamri
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,INSERM 1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - William S Garver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Gurda BL, Bagel JH, Fisher SJ, Schultz ML, Lieberman AP, Hand P, Vite CH, Swain GP. LC3 Immunostaining in the Inferior Olivary Nuclei of Cats With Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 Is Associated With Patterned Purkinje Cell Loss. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:229-245. [PMID: 29346563 PMCID: PMC5989620 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The feline model of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) recapitulates the clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical abnormalities present in children with NPC1. The hallmarks of disease are the lysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol and multiple sphingolipids in neurons, and the spatial and temporal distribution of Purkinje cell death. In feline NPC1 brain, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) accumulations, indicating autophagosomes, were found within axons and presynaptic terminals. High densities of accumulated LC3 were seen in subdivisions of the inferior olive, which project to cerebellar regions that show the most Purkinje cell loss, suggesting that autophagic abnormalities in specific climbing fibers may contribute to the spatial pattern of Purkinje cell loss seen. Biweekly intrathecal administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) ameliorated neurological dysfunction, reduced cholesterol and sphingolipid accumulation, and increased lifespan in NPC1 cats. LC3 pathology was reduced in treated animals suggesting that HPβCD administration also ameliorates autophagic abnormalities. This study is the first to (i) identify specific brain regions exhibiting autophagic abnormalities in any species with NPC1, (ii) provide evidence of differential vulnerability among discrete brain nuclei and pathways, and (iii) show the amelioration of these abnormalities in NPC1 cats treated with HPβCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Gurda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica H Bagel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha J Fisher
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Hand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary P Swain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Characterization of cholesterol homeostasis in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase-deficient fibroblasts reveals a Niemann-Pick disease type C-like phenotype with enhanced lysosomal Ca 2+ storage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43575. [PMID: 28262793 PMCID: PMC5337937 DOI: 10.1038/srep43575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase irreversibly cleaves S1P, thereby catalysing the ultimate step of sphingolipid degradation. We show here that embryonic fibroblasts from S1P lyase-deficient mice (Sgpl1−/−-MEFs), in which S1P and sphingosine accumulate, have features of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) cells. In the presence of serum, overall cholesterol content was elevated in Sgpl1−/−-MEFs, due to upregulation of the LDL receptor and enhanced cholesterol uptake. Despite this, activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 was increased in Sgpl1−/−-MEFs, indicating a local lack of cholesterol at the ER. Indeed, free cholesterol was retained in NPC1-containing vesicles, which is a hallmark of NPC. Furthermore, upregulation of amyloid precursor protein in Sgpl1−/−-MEFs was mimicked by an NPC1 inhibitor in Sgpl1+/+-MEFs and reduced by overexpression of NPC1. Lysosomal pH was not altered by S1P lyase deficiency, similar to NPC. Interestingly, lysosomal Ca2+ content and bafilomycin A1-induced [Ca2+]i increases were enhanced in Sgpl1−/−-MEFs, contrary to NPC. These results show that both a primary defect in cholesterol trafficking and S1P lyase deficiency cause overlapping phenotypic alterations, and challenge the present view on the role of sphingosine in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Xie C, Gong XM, Luo J, Li BL, Song BL. AAV9-NPC1 significantly ameliorates Purkinje cell death and behavioral abnormalities in mouse NPC disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:512-518. [PMID: 28053186 PMCID: PMC5335581 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. There is no effective way to treat NPC disease. In this study, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 (AAV9) to deliver a functional NPC1 gene systemically into NPC1-/- mice at postnatal day 4. One single AAV9-NPC1 injection resulted in robust NPC1 expression in various tissues, including brain, heart, and lung. Strikingly, AAV9-mediated NPC1 delivery significantly promoted Purkinje cell survival, restored locomotor activity and coordination, and increased the lifespan of NPC1-/- mice. Our work suggests that AAV-based gene therapy is a promising means to treat NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xue-Min Gong
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Ordoñez MP, Steele JW. Modeling Niemann Pick type C1 using human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Brain Res 2017; 1656:63-67. [PMID: 26972536 PMCID: PMC5018240 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Data generated in Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1) human embryonic and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons complement on-going studies in animal models and provide the first example, in disease-relevant human cells, of processes that underlie preferential neuronal defects in a NPC1. Our work and that of other investigators in human neurons derived from stem cells highlight the importance of performing rigorous mechanistic studies in relevant cell types to guide drug discovery and therapeutic development, alongside of existing animal models. Through the use of human stem cell-derived models of disease, we can identify and discover or repurpose drugs that revert early events that lead to neuronal failure in NPC1. Together with the study of disease pathogenesis and efficacy of therapies in animal models, these strategies will fulfill the promise of stem cell technology in the development of new treatments for human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Exploiting human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paulina Ordoñez
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - John W Steele
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Wahlster L, Bartz F, Werenbeck-Ueding J, Praggastis M, Zhang J, Joggerst-Thomalla B, Theiss S, Grimm D, Ory DS, Runz H. Reduction of TMEM97 increases NPC1 protein levels and restores cholesterol trafficking in Niemann-pick type C1 disease cells. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3588-3599. [PMID: 27378690 PMCID: PMC5179952 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is a progressive lysosomal lipid storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes. NPC1 is essential for transporting cholesterol and other lipids out of lysosomes, but little is known about the mechanisms that control its cellular abundance and localization. Here we show that a reduction of TMEM97, a cholesterol-responsive NPC1-binding protein, increases NPC1 levels in cells through a post-transcriptional mechanism. Reducing TMEM97 through RNA-interference reduces lysosomal lipid storage and restores cholesterol trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum in cell models of NP-C. In TMEM97 knockdown cells, NPC1 levels can be reinstated with wild type TMEM97, but not TMEM97 missing an ER-retention signal suggesting that TMEM97 contributes to controlling the availability of NPC1 to the cell. Importantly, knockdown of TMEM97 also increases levels of residual NPC1 in NPC1-mutant patient fibroblasts and reduces cholesterol storage in an NPC1-dependent manner. Our findings propose TMEM97 inhibition as a novel strategy to increase residual NPC1 levels in cells and a potential therapeutic target for NP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
| | | | - Maria Praggastis
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessie Zhang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Susanne Theiss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Center for Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant BQ0030, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heiko Runz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg/European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Fraldi A, Klein AD, Medina DL, Settembre C. Brain Disorders Due to Lysosomal Dysfunction. Annu Rev Neurosci 2016; 39:277-95. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-014031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diego L. Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; ,
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41
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Schultz ML, Krus KL, Lieberman AP. Lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathways in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Brain Res 2016; 1649:181-188. [PMID: 27026653 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases result from inherited deficiencies of lysosomal hydrolytic activities or lipid transport. Collectively, these disorders are a common cause of morbidity in the pediatric population and are often associated with severe neurodegeneration. Among this group of diseases is Niemann-Pick type C, an autosomal recessive disorder of lipid trafficking that causes cognitive impairment, ataxia and death, most often in childhood. Here, we review the current knowledge of disease pathogenesis, with particular focus on insights gleaned from genetics and the study of model systems. Critical advances in understanding mechanisms that regulate intracellular cholesterol trafficking have emerged from this work and are highlighted. We review effects of disease-causing mutations on quality control pathways involving the lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum, and discuss how they function to clear the most common mutant protein found in Niemann-Pick type C patients, NPC1-I1061T. Finally, we summarize insights into the mechanisms that degrade misfolded transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and how manipulating these quality control pathways may lead to the identification of novel targets for disease-modifying therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Kelsey L Krus
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Hepatic Primary and Secondary Cholesterol Deposition and Damage in Niemann-Pick Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:517-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Palladino G, Loizzo S, Fortuna A, Canterini S, Palombi F, Erickson RP, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT. Visual evoked potentials of Niemann-Pick type C1 mice reveal an impairment of the visual pathway that is rescued by 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:133. [PMID: 26458950 PMCID: PMC4603821 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1), presents a variable phenotype including neurovisceral and neurological symptoms. 2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD)-based therapies are presently the most promising route of intervention. While severe cerebellar dysfunction remains the main disabling feature of NPC1, sensory functions including auditory and olfactory ones are also affected. Morphological and functional anomalies of Npc1−/− mouse retina have also been observed, although the functional integrity of the visual pathway from retina to visual cortex is still unsettled. We have addressed this issue by characterizing the visual evoked potential (VEP) response of Npc1−/− mice and determining if/how HPßCD administration influences the VEPs of both Npc1−/− and Npc1+/+ mice. Methods VEP elicited by a brief visual stimulus were recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex of adult (PN, postnatal days 60, 75, 85 and 100) Npc1+/+ and Npc1−/− mice that had received repeated injections of either HPßCD or plain vehicle. The first injection was given at PN4 and was followed by a second one at PN7 and thereafter by weekly injections up to PN49. Cholesterol accumulation and myelin loss were finally assessed by filipin staining and myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results and discussion We have found that the transmission of visual signals from retina to visual cortex is negatively influenced by the loss of Npc1 function. In fact, the VEP response of Npc1−/− mice displayed a highly significant increase in the latency compared to that of Npc1+/+ mice. HPßCD administration fully rescued this defect and counteracted the cholesterol accumulation in retinal ganglion cells and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons, as well as the myelin loss in optic nerve fibers and axons projecting to the visual cortex observed in of Npc1−/− mice. By contrast, HPßCD administration had no effect on the VEP response of Npc1+/+ mice, further strengthening the treatment efficacy. Conclusions This study pinpoints the analysis of VEP response as a potentially accurate and non-invasive approach to assess neural activity and visual information processing in NPC1 patients, as well as for monitoring the progression of the disease and assessing the efficacy of potential therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Palladino
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortuna
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA
| | - Franco Mangia
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Bowman EA, Walterfang M, Abel L, Desmond P, Fahey M, Velakoulis D. Longitudinal changes in cerebellar and subcortical volumes in adult-onset Niemann-Pick disease type C patients treated with miglustat. J Neurol 2015; 262:2106-14. [PMID: 26092521 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare neurovisceral disorder resulting in impaired intracellular lipid trafficking. The only disease-modifying treatment available to date is miglustat, an iminosugar inhibiting the accumulation of lipid by-products in neurons. This study explored how changes in cerebellar grey and white matter volumes, and in subcortical volumes, related to patient treatment status and disability and ataxia ratings. Nine adult-onset NPC patients and 17 matched controls underwent T1-weighted MRI. One patient was not receiving miglustat, and pre-treatment data were available for a further patient. Semi-automated cerebellar and subcortical segmentation was undertaken, and the rates of change in putamen, hippocampal, thalamic and caudal volumes, and grey and white matter cerebellar volumes, were compared to rates of change in Iturriaga disability score, Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS), and horizontal saccadic gain. Untreated NPC patients appeared to lose cerebellar grey and white matter, bilateral thalamic volume, and right caudate volume faster than treated patients. Cerebellar grey matter volume loss and volume loss in the left thalamus were significantly correlated with Iturriaga disability scale changes. Change in both cerebellar grey and white matter was correlated with decrease in horizontal saccadic gain, but not with change in BARS. This is the first study to examine longitudinal treatment effects of miglustat on cerebellar and subcortical volumes in patients with adult-onset NPC, and is evidence that miglustat may have a protective effect on cerebellar and subcortical structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 2, John Cade Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Larry Abel
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Patricia Desmond
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component for neuronal physiology not only during development stage but also in the adult life. Cholesterol metabolism in brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues due to blood-brain barrier. The content of cholesterol in brain must be accurately maintained in order to keep brain function well. Defects in brain cholesterol metabolism has been shown to be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and some cognitive deficits typical of the old age. The brain contains large amount of cholesterol, but the cholesterol metabolism and its complex homeostasis regulation are currently poorly understood. This review will seek to integrate current knowledge about the brain cholesterol metabolism with molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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46
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Saher G, Stumpf SK. Cholesterol in myelin biogenesis and hypomyelinating disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1083-94. [PMID: 25724171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The largest pool of free cholesterol in mammals resides in myelin membranes. Myelin facilitates rapid saltatory impulse propagation by electrical insulation of axons. This function is achieved by ensheathing axons with a tightly compacted stack of membranes. Cholesterol influences myelination at many steps, from the differentiation of myelinating glial cells, over the process of myelin membrane biogenesis, to the functionality of mature myelin. Cholesterol emerged as the only integral myelin component that is essential and rate-limiting for the development of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous system. Moreover, disorders that interfere with sterol synthesis or intracellular trafficking of cholesterol and other lipids cause hypomyelination and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes recent results on the roles of cholesterol in CNS myelin biogenesis in normal development and under different pathological conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Saher
- Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sina Kristin Stumpf
- Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Efthymiou AG, Steiner J, Pavan WJ, Wincovitch S, Larson DM, Porter FD, Rao MS, Malik N. Rescue of an in vitro neuron phenotype identified in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons by modulating the WNT pathway and calcium signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:230-8. [PMID: 25637190 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a familial disorder that has devastating consequences on postnatal development with multisystem effects, including neurodegeneration. There is no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment option for NPC1; however, several potentially therapeutic compounds have been identified in assays using yeast, rodent models, and NPC1 human fibroblasts. Although these discoveries were made in fibroblasts from NPC1 subjects and were in some instances validated in animal models of the disease, testing these drugs on a cell type more relevant for NPC1 neurological disease would greatly facilitate both study of the disease and identification of more relevant therapeutic compounds. Toward this goal, we have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a subject homozygous for the most frequent NPC1 mutation (p.I1061T) and subsequently created a stable line of neural stem cells (NSCs). These NSCs were then used to create neurons as an appropriate disease model. NPC1 neurons display a premature cell death phenotype, and gene expression analysis of these cells suggests dysfunction of important signaling pathways, including calcium and WNT. The clear readout from these cells makes them ideal candidates for high-throughput screening and will be a valuable tool to better understand the development of NPC1 in neural cells, as well as to develop better therapeutic options for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joe Steiner
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise M Larson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Vanier MT. Complex lipid trafficking in Niemann-Pick disease type C. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:187-99. [PMID: 25425283 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an atypical lysosomal storage disease resulting from mutations in one of two genes, either NPC1 or NPC2. Although a neurovisceral disorder, it is above all a neurodegenerative disease in the vast majority of patients. Not an enzyme deficiency, it is currently conceived as a lipid trafficking disorder. Impaired egress of cholesterol from the late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/L) compartment is a specific and key element of the pathogenesis, but other lipids, more specially sphingolipids, are also involved, and there are indications for further abnormalities. The full function of the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins is still unclear. This review provides a reappraisal of lipid storage and lysosomal enzymes activities in tissues/cells from NPC patients and animal models. It summarizes the current knowledge on the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins and their function in transport of cholesterol within the late endosomal-lysosomal compartment, with emphasis on differences between systemic organs and the brain; it also discusses regulation by membrane lipids of the NPC2-mediated cholesterol trafficking, interplay between cholesterol and sphingomyelin, the metabolic origin of glycosphingolipids stored in brain, and the putative role of free sphingoid bases in pathogenesis. Brief mention is finally made of diseases affecting other genes that were very recently shown to impact the "NPC pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Vanier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U820, Université Lyon-1 EA4611, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 7 Rue G. Paradin, 69008, Lyon, France,
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Chew LJ, DeBoy CA, Senatorov VV. Finding degrees of separation: experimental approaches for astroglial and oligodendroglial cell isolation and genetic targeting. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 236:125-47. [PMID: 25169049 PMCID: PMC4171043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of CNS glial cell function requires experimental methods to detect, purify, and manipulate each cell population with fidelity and specificity. With the identification and cloning of cell- and stage-specific markers, glial cell analysis techniques have grown beyond physical methods of tissue dissociation and cell culture, and become highly specific with immunoselection of cell cultures in vitro and genetic targeting in vivo. The unique plasticity of glial cells offers the potential for cell replacement therapies in neurological disease that utilize neural cells derived from transplanted neural stem and progenitor cells. In this mini-review, we outline general physical and genetic approaches for macroglial cell generation. We summarize cell culture methods to obtain astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and their precursors, from developing and adult tissue, as well as approaches to obtain human neural progenitor cells through the establishment of stem cells. We discuss popular targeting rodent strains designed for cell-specific detection, selection and manipulation of neuroglial cell progenitors and their committed progeny. Based on shared markers between astrocytes and stem cells, we discuss genetically modified mouse strains with overlapping expression, and highlight SOX-expressing strains available for targeting of stem and progenitor cell populations. We also include recently established mouse strains for detection, and tag-assisted RNA and miRNA analysis. This discussion aims to provide a brief overview of the rapidly expanding collection of experimental approaches and genetic resources for the isolation and targeting of macroglial cells, their sources, progeny and gene products to facilitate our understanding of their properties and potential application in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Cynthia A DeBoy
- Biology Department, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Vladimir V Senatorov
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Pedersen CS, Sørensen DB, Parachikova AI, Plath N. PCP-induced deficits in murine nest building activity: Employment of an ethological rodent behavior to mimic negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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