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Szodorai E, Hevesi Z, Wagner L, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T, Schnell R. A hydrophobic groove in secretagogin allows for alternate interactions with SNAP-25 and syntaxin-4 in endocrine tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309211121. [PMID: 38593081 PMCID: PMC11032447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309211121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicular release of neurotransmitters and hormones relies on the dynamic assembly of the exocytosis/trans-SNARE complex through sequential interactions of synaptobrevins, syntaxins, and SNAP-25. Despite SNARE-mediated release being fundamental for intercellular communication in all excitable tissues, the role of auxiliary proteins modulating the import of reserve vesicles to the active zone, and thus, scaling repetitive exocytosis remains less explored. Secretagogin is a Ca2+-sensor protein with SNAP-25 being its only known interacting partner. SNAP-25 anchors readily releasable vesicles within the active zone, thus being instrumental for 1st phase release. However, genetic deletion of secretagogin impedes 2nd phase release instead, calling for the existence of alternative protein-protein interactions. Here, we screened the secretagogin interactome in the brain and pancreas, and found syntaxin-4 grossly overrepresented. Ca2+-loaded secretagogin interacted with syntaxin-4 at nanomolar affinity and 1:1 stoichiometry. Crystal structures of the protein complexes revealed a hydrophobic groove in secretagogin for the binding of syntaxin-4. This groove was also used to bind SNAP-25. In mixtures of equimolar recombinant proteins, SNAP-25 was sequestered by secretagogin in competition with syntaxin-4. Kd differences suggested that secretagogin could shape unidirectional vesicle movement by sequential interactions, a hypothesis supported by in vitro biological data. This mechanism could facilitate the movement of transport vesicles toward release sites, particularly in the endocrine pancreas where secretagogin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin-4 coexist in both α- and β-cells. Thus, secretagogin could modulate the pace and fidelity of vesicular hormone release by differential protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Szodorai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Tomas G. M. Hökfelt
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Robert Schnell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
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Ding L, Sun Y, Liang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z, Ren C, Li P, Liu W, Xiao R, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yue X, Li C, Wu Z, Feng Y, Liang X, Ma C, Gao L. Beta-Cell Tipe1 Orchestrates Insulin Secretion and Cell Proliferation by Promoting Gαs/cAMP Signaling via USP5. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304940. [PMID: 38417114 PMCID: PMC11040358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Inadequate β-cell mass and insulin secretion are essential for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 1 (Tipe1) plays a crucial role in multiple diseases, however, a specific role in T2D pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, Tipe1 as a key regulator in T2D, contributing to the maintenance of β cell homeostasis is identified. The results show that the β-cell-specific knockout of Tipe1 (termed Ins2-Tipe1BKO) aggravated diabetic phenotypes in db/db mice or in mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes. Notably, Tipe1 improves β cell mass and function, a process that depends on Gαs, the α subunit of the G-stimulating protein. Mechanistically, Tipe1 inhibited the K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of Gαs by recruiting the deubiquitinase USP5. Consequently, Gαs or cAMP agonists almost completely restored the dysfunction of β cells observed in Ins2-Tipe1BKO mice. The findings characterize Tipe1 as a regulator of β cell function through the Gαs/cAMP pathway, suggesting that Tipe1 may emerge as a novel target for T2D intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Caiyue Ren
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of EndocrinologyYucheng People's HospitalDezhouShandong251200P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of GastroenterologyShengLi Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
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3
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Chen R, Zhang H, Li L, Li J, Xie J, Weng J, Tan H, Liu Y, Guo T, Wang M. Roles of ubiquitin-specific proteases in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258740. [PMID: 38322269 PMCID: PMC10844489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), as one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) families, regulate the fate of proteins and signaling pathway transduction by removing ubiquitin chains from the target proteins. USPs are essential for the modulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as DNA repair, cell metabolism and differentiation, epigenetic modulations as well as protein stability. Recently, extensive research has demonstrated that USPs exert a significant impact on innate and adaptive immune reactions, metabolic syndromes, inflammatory disorders, and infection via post-translational modification processes. This review summarizes the important roles of the USPs in the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, pneumonia, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, hepatitis, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, we highlight a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of USPs in these inflammatory diseases as well as post-translational modifications in the inflammatory responses and pave the way for future prospect of targeted therapies in these inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linke Li
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Weng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Tan
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Wu F, Bu S, Wang H. Role of TRP Channels in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:692. [PMID: 38255767 PMCID: PMC10815096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), with its high prevalence and significant impact on cardiovascular disease, poses a substantial threat to human health. The early identification of pathological abnormalities related to MetS and prevention of the risk of associated diseases is of paramount importance. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a type of nonselective cation channel, are expressed in a variety of tissues and have been implicated in the onset and progression of numerous metabolism-related diseases. This study aims to review and discuss the expression and function of TRP channels in metabolism-related tissues and blood vessels, and to elucidate the interactions and mechanisms between TRP channels and metabolism-related diseases. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords such as TRP channels, metabolic syndrome, pancreas, liver, oxidative stress, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis across various academic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI. Our review of the current research suggests that TRP channels may be involved in the development of metabolism-related diseases by regulating insulin secretion and release, lipid metabolism, vascular functional activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. TRP channels, as nonselective cation channels, play pivotal roles in sensing various intra- and extracellular stimuli and regulating ion homeostasis by osmosis. They present potential new targets for the diagnosis or treatment of metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (F.W.); (S.B.)
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5
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Wang J, Kumar P, Engelmann C. Comprehensive insights into the multifaceted roles of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel in the digestive system. Life Sci 2023; 334:122207. [PMID: 37883862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, a family of calcium transporters comprising six distinct members (TRPV1-6), takes on a paramount role in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. Notably, TRPV1, among its counterparts, has emerged as the subject of extensive scrutiny, owing to its pervasive presence in diverse cellular, tissue, and organ settings. This ubiquitous distribution underscores its fundamental involvement in the genesis of pain, making it a central focus in pain-related research. However, recent investigations have unveiled that TRPV1's functional significance transcends the realm of pain modulation, extending its influence to encompass a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The ambit of TRPV1's influence encompasses not only pain responses but also embraces the intricate domains of nervous system disorders, cancer metastasis, as well as afflictions pertaining to the skin and heart. Moreover, compelling evidence now demonstrates that TRPV1 also wields substantial sway in the domain of digestive diseases, further highlighting its versatility and far-reaching impact on human health. Therefore, this comprehensive review endeavors to delve into the multifaceted roles played by TRPV1 in the various organs constituting the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Wang QW, Qin J, Chen YF, Tu Y, Xing YY, Wang Y, Yang LY, Lu SY, Geng L, Shi W, Yang Y, Yao J. 16p11.2 CNV gene Doc2α functions in neurodevelopment and social behaviors through interaction with Secretagogin. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112691. [PMID: 37354460 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy-number variations (CNVs) of the human 16p11.2 genetic locus are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. However, it remains largely unclear how this locus is involved in the disease pathogenesis. Doc2α is localized within this locus. Here, using in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological and morphological approaches, we show that Doc2α-deficient mice have neuronal morphological abnormalities and defects in neural activity. Moreover, the Doc2α-deficient mice exhibit social and repetitive behavioral deficits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Doc2α functions in behavioral and neural phenotypes through interaction with Secretagogin (SCGN). Finally, we demonstrate that SCGN functions in social/repetitive behaviors, glutamate release, and neuronal morphology of the mice through its Doc2α-interacting activity. Therefore, Doc2α likely contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders through its interaction with SCGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lv-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Si-Yao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Libo Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Engineering Medicine and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yiming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Xuzhou 221009, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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SCGN deficiency is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:3. [PMID: 36588101 PMCID: PMC9806109 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1-2% of all children and poses a great social and economic challenge for the globe. As a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, the development of its treatment is extremely challenging. Multiple pathways have been linked to the pathogenesis of ASD, including signaling involved in synaptic function, oxytocinergic activities, immune homeostasis, chromatin modifications, and mitochondrial functions. Here, we identify secretagogin (SCGN), a regulator of synaptic transmission, as a new risk gene for ASD. Two heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in SCGN are presented in ASD probands. Deletion of Scgn in zebrafish or mice leads to autism-like behaviors and impairs brain development. Mechanistically, Scgn deficiency disrupts the oxytocin signaling and abnormally activates inflammation in both animal models. Both ASD probands carrying Scgn mutations also show reduced oxytocin levels. Importantly, we demonstrate that the administration of oxytocin and anti-inflammatory drugs can attenuate ASD-associated defects caused by SCGN deficiency. Altogether, we identify a convergence between a potential autism genetic risk factor SCGN, and the pathological deregulation in oxytocinergic signaling and immune responses, providing potential treatment for ASD patients suffering from SCGN deficiency. Our study also indicates that it is critical to identify and stratify ASD patient populations based on their disease mechanisms, which could greatly enhance therapeutic success.
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ox-LDL induces autophagy-mediated apoptosis by suppressing secretagogin-regulated autophagic flux in pancreatic β-cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1822-1831. [PMID: 36789686 PMCID: PMC10157621 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been shown to induce the loss of functional β-cell mass and lead to type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the role of secretagogin (SCGN) in lipotoxicity-induced β-cell injury. Our results indicate that ox-LDL treatment leads to autophagic cell death, as evidenced by decreased cell viability, aggravated cell apoptosis, and the accumulation of the p62 protein in MIN6 cells. LysoTracker Red staining, TEM and mRFP-GFP-LC3 assays demonstrate that autophagic flux is blocked in ox-LDL-treated MIN6 cells. Intriguingly, SCGN is significantly decreased in MIN6 cells under lipotoxic conditions. Additionally, siRNA-guided SCGN knockdown blocks autophagic flux triggered by rapamycin, while SCGN restoration alleviates autophagic flux retardation and mitigates cell apoptosis. The physical interaction between SCGN and SNAP29 is validated by bioinformatics analysis, coimmunoprecipitation assay and SCGN knockdown test. Downregulation of SCGN expression reduces the interaction of these two proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that ox-LDL treatment induces apoptotic β-cell death by blocking autophagic flux dependent on SCGN downregulation. SCGN administration prevents lipotoxic β-cell injury and may be a potential therapeutic strategy to promote β-cell expansion in type 2 diabetes.
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Biancolin AD, Srikrishnaraj A, Jeong H, Martchenko A, Brubaker PL. The Cytoskeletal Transport Protein, Secretagogin, Is Essential for Diurnal Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion in Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6678475. [PMID: 36036556 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal L-cell incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), exhibits a circadian pattern of secretion, thereby entraining diurnal insulin release. Secretagogin (Scgn), an actin-binding regulatory protein, is essential for the temporal peak of GLP-1 secretion in vitro. To interrogate the role of Scgn in diurnal GLP-1 secretion in vivo, peak and trough GLP-1 release were evaluated in knockout mice (Scgn-/-, Gcg-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl and Vil-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted in Scgn knockdown L-cells. All 3 knockout models demonstrated loss of the diurnal rhythm of GLP-1 secretion in response to oral glucose. Gcg-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl mice also lost the normal pattern in glucagon secretion, while Scgn-/- and Vil-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl animals demonstrated impaired diurnal secretion of the related incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide. RNA-Seq of mGLUTag L-cells showed decreased pathways regulating vesicle transport, transport and binding, and protein-protein interaction at synapse, as well as pathways related to proteasome-mediated degradation including chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly following Scgn knockdown. Scgn is therefore essential for diurnal L-cell GLP-1 secretion in vivo, likely mediated through effects on secretory granule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjuna Srikrishnaraj
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyerin Jeong
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Martchenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia Lee Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Biancolin AD, Jeong H, Mak KWY, Yuan Z, Brubaker PL. Disrupted and Elevated Circadian Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in a Murine Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6649564. [PMID: 35876276 PMCID: PMC9368029 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and circadian rhythms are intimately linked, with circadian glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion by the intestinal L-cell entraining rhythmic insulin release. GLP-1 secretion has been explored in the context of obesogenic diets, but never in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is also considerable disagreement regarding GLP-1 levels in human T2D. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated decreased expression of the β-cell exocytotic protein secretagogin (SCGN) in T2D. To extend these findings to the L-cell, we administered oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 time points in 4-hour intervals to the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) mouse model of T2D. This revealed a 10-fold increase in peak GLP-1 secretion with a phase shift of the peak from the normal feeding period into the fasting-phase. This was accompanied by impairments in the rhythms of glucose, glucagon, mucosal clock genes (Arntl and Cry2), and Scgn. Immunostaining revealed that L-cell GLP-1 intensity was increased in the HFD-STZ model, as was the proportion of L-cells that expressed SCGN; however, this was not found in L-cells from humans with T2D, which exhibited decreased GLP-1 staining but maintained their SCGN expression. Gcg expression in isolated L-cells was increased along with pathways relating to GLP-1 secretion and electron transport chain activity in the HFD-STZ condition. Further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for this increase in GLP-1 secretion may give insights into therapies directed toward upregulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Biancolin
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyerin Jeong
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kimberly W Y Mak
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zixuan Yuan
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Correspondence: Patricia L. Brubaker, Ph.D., Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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11
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Peng G, Tang X, Gui Y, Yang J, Ye L, Wu L, Ding YH, Wang L. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1: A potential therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951980. [PMID: 36045746 PMCID: PMC9420870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), belonging to the TRPV channel family, is a non-selective, calcium-dependent, cation channel implicated in several pathophysiological processes. Collagen, an extracellular matrix component, can accumulate under pathological conditions and may lead to the destruction of tissue structure, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. Increasing evidence indicates that TRPV1 plays a role in the development and occurrence of fibrotic diseases, including myocardial, renal, pancreatic, and corneal fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which TRPV1 regulates fibrosis remains unclear. This review highlights the comprehensive role played by TRPV1 in regulating pro-fibrotic processes, the potential of TRPV1 as a therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases, as well as the different signaling pathways associated with TRPV1 and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Peng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuyang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya hui Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lihong Wang,
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12
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Chidananda AH, Khandelwal R, Jhamkhindikar A, Pawar AD, Sharma AK, Sharma Y. Secretagogin is a Ca 2+-dependent stress-responsive chaperone that may also play a role in aggregation-based proteinopathies. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102285. [PMID: 35870554 PMCID: PMC9425029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a three-domain hexa-EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that plays a regulatory role in the release of several hormones. SCGN is expressed largely in pancreatic β-cells, certain parts of the brain, and also in neuroendocrine tissues. The expression of SCGN is altered in several diseases, such as diabetes, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the precise associations that closely link SCGN expression to such pathophysiologies are not known. In this work, we report that SCGN is an early responder to cellular stress, and SCGN expression is temporally upregulated by oxidative stress and heat shock. We show the overexpression of SCGN efficiently prevents cells from heat shock and oxidative damage. We further demonstrate that in the presence of Ca2+, SCGN efficiently prevents the aggregation of a broad range of model proteins in vitro. Small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) studies further reveal that Ca2+ induces the conversion of a closed compact apo-SCGN conformation into an open extended holo-SCGN conformation via multistate intermediates, consistent with the augmentation of chaperone activity of SCGN. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry establishes that Ca2+ enables SCGN to bind α-synuclein and insulin, two target proteins of SCGN. Altogether, our data not only demonstrate that SCGN is a Ca2+-dependent generic molecular chaperone involved in protein homeostasis with broad substrate specificity but also elucidate the origin of its altered expression in several cancers. We describe a plausible mechanism of how perturbations in Ca2+ homeostasis and/or deregulated SCGN expression would hasten the process of protein misfolding, which is a feature of many aggregation-based proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha H Chidananda
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Aditya Jhamkhindikar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Asmita D Pawar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Indian Institute of Scientific and Education Research (IISER), Berhampur-760010, India
| | - Anand K Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Indian Institute of Scientific and Education Research (IISER), Berhampur-760010, India.
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13
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Mitra S, Basu S, Singh O, Srivastava A, Singru PS. Calcium-binding proteins typify the dopaminergic neuronal subtypes in the ventral tegmental area of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2562-2586. [PMID: 35715989 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) regulate neuronal function in midbrain dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons in mammals by buffering and sensing the intracellular Ca2+ , and vesicular release. In birds, the equivalent set of neurons are important in song learning, directed singing, courtship, and energy balance, yet the status of CBPs in these neurons is unknown. Herein, for the first time, we probe the nature of CBPs, namely, Calbindin-, Calretinin-, Parvalbumin-, and Secretagogin-expressing DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. qRT-PCR analysis of ventral midbrain tissue fragment revealed higher Calbindin- and Calretinin-mRNA levels compared to Parvalbumin and Secretagogin. Application of immunofluorescence showed CBP-immunoreactive (-i) neurons in VTA (anterior [VTAa], mid [VTAm], caudal [VTAc]), SN (compacta [SNc], and reticulata [SNr]). Compared to VTAa, higher Calbindin- and Parvalbumin-immunoreactivity (-ir), and lower Calretinin-ir were observed in VTAm and VTAc. Secretagogin-ir was highly localized to VTAa. In SN, Calbindin- and Calretinin-ir were higher in SNc, SNr was Parvalbumin enriched, and Secretagogin-ir was not detected. Weak, moderate, and intense tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-i VTA neurons were demarcated as subtypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. While subtype 1 TH-i neurons were neither Calbindin- nor Calretinin-i, ∼80 and ∼65% subtype 2 and ∼30 and ∼45% subtype 3 TH-i neurons co-expressed Calbindin and Calretinin, respectively. All TH-i neuronal subtypes co-expressed Parvalbumin with reciprocal relationship with TH-ir. We suggest that the CBPs may determine VTA DA neuronal heterogeneity and differentially regulate their activity in T. guttata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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14
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Basu S, Mitra S, Singh O, Chandramohan B, Singru PS. Secretagogin in the brain and pituitary of the catfish, Clarias batrachus: Molecular characterization and regulation by insulin. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1743-1772. [PMID: 35322425 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretagogin (scgn), is a novel hexa EF-hand, phylogenetically conserved calcium-binding protein. It serves as Ca2+ sensor and participates in Ca2+ -signaling and neuroendocrine regulation in mammals. However, its relevance in the brain of non-mammalian vertebrates has largely remained unexplored. To address this issue, we studied the cDNA encoding scgn, scgn mRNA expression, and distribution of scgn-equipped elements in the brain and pituitary of a teleost, Clarias batrachus (cb). The cbscgn cDNA consists of three transcripts (T) variants: T1 (2185 bp), T2 (2151 bp) and T3 (2060 bp). While 816 bp ORF in T1 and T2 encodes highly conserved six EF-hand 272 aa protein fully capable of Ca2+ -binding, 726-bp ORF in T3 encodes 242 aa protein. The T1 showed >90% and >70% identity with scgn of catfishes, and other teleosts and mammals, respectively. The T1-mRNA was widely expressed in the brain and pituitary, while the expression of T3 was restricted to the telencephalon. Application of the anti-scgn antiserum revealed a ∼32 kDa scgn-immunoreactive (scgn-i) band (known molecular weight of scgn) in the forebrain tissue, and immunohistochemically labeled neurons in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus, and hindbrain. In the pituitary, scgn-i cells were seen in the pars distalis and intermedia. Insulin is reported to regulate scgn mRNA in the mammalian hippocampus, and feeding-related neuropeptides in the telencephalon of teleost. Intracranial injection of insulin significantly increased T1-mRNA expression and scgn-immunoreactivity in the telencephalon. We suggest that scgn may be an important player in the regulation of olfactory, neuroendocrine system, and energy balance functions in C. batrachus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Bathrachalam Chandramohan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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15
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Shahal T, Segev E, Konstantinovsky T, Marcus Y, Shefer G, Pasmanik-Chor M, Buch A, Ebenstein Y, Zimmet P, Stern N. Deconvolution of the epigenetic age discloses distinct inter-personal variability in epigenetic aging patterns. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:9. [PMID: 35255955 PMCID: PMC8900303 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic age can now be extrapolated from one of several epigenetic clocks, which are based on age-related changes in DNA methylation levels at specific multiple CpG sites. Accelerated aging, calculated from the discrepancy between the chronological age and the epigenetic age, has shown to predict morbidity and mortality rate. We assumed that deconvolution of epigenetic age to its components could shed light on the diversity of epigenetic, and by inference, on inter-individual variability in the causes of biological aging. RESULTS Using the Horvath original epigenetic clock, we identified several CpG sites linked to distinct genes that quantitatively explain much of the inter-personal variability in epigenetic aging, with CpG sites related to secretagogin and malin being the most variable. We show that equal epigenetic age in different subjects can result from variable contribution size of the same CpG sites to the total epigenetic age. In a healthy cohort, the most variable CpG sites are responsible for accelerated and decelerated epigenetic aging, relative to chronological age. CONCLUSIONS Of the 353 CpG sites that form the basis for the Horvath epigenetic age, we have found the CpG sites that are responsible for accelerated and decelerated epigenetic aging in healthy subjects. However, the relative contribution of each site to aging varies between individuals, leading to variable personal aging patterns. Our findings pave the way to form personalized aging cards allowing the identification of specific genes related to CpG sites, as aging markers, and perhaps treatment of these targets in order to hinder undesirable age drifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Shahal
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Segev
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Thomas Konstantinovsky
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Yonit Marcus
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Buch
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University School of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Khandelwal R, Sharma AK, Biswa BB, Sharma Y. Extracellular Secretagogin is internalized into the cells through endocytosis. FEBS J 2021; 289:3183-3204. [PMID: 34967502 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a calcium-sensor protein with a regulatory role in glucose metabolism and the secretion of several peptide hormones. Many, but not all, functions of SCGN can be explained by its intracellular manifestation. Despite early data on SCGN secretion, the secretory mechanism, biological fate, physiological implications, and trans-cellular signaling of extracellular SCGN remain unknown. We here report that extracellular SCGN is readily internalized into the C2C12 cells in an energy-dependent manner. Using endocytosis inhibitors, we demonstrate that SCGN internalizes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, following which, SCGN localizes largely in the cytosol. Exogenous SCGN treatment induces a global proteomic reprogramming in C2C12 cells. Gene ontology search suggests that SCGN-induced proteomic reprogramming favors protein synthesis and cellular growth. We thus validated the cell proliferative action of SCGN using C2C12, HepG2, and NIH-3T3 cell lines. Based on the data, we propose that circulatory SCGN is internalized into the target cells and modulates the expression of cell growth-related proteins. The work suggests that extracellular SCGN is a functional protein, which communicates with specific cell types and directly modulates cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Bhim B Biswa
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur, Odisha, 760010, India
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17
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Wang F, Xue Y, Fu L, Wang Y, He M, Zhao L, Liao X. Extraction, purification, bioactivity and pharmacological effects of capsaicin: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5322-5348. [PMID: 33591238 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1884840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a well-known vanilloid, which is the main spicy component in chili peppers, showing several biological activities and the potential applications range from food flavorings to therapeutics. Traditional extraction of capsaicin by organic solvents was time-consuming, some new methods such as aqueous two-phase method and ionic liquid extraction method have been developed. During past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of capsaicin have been evaluated. Capsaicin can be used in biofilms and antifouling coatings due to its antimicrobial activity, allowing it has a promising application in food packaging, food preservation, marine environment and dental therapy. Capsaicin also play a crucial role in metabolic disorders, including weight loss, pressure lowing and insulin reduction effects. In addition, capsaicin was identified effective on preventing human cancers, such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation of tumor cells. Previous research also suggest the positive effects of capsaicin on pain relief and cognitive impairment. Capsaicin, the agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), could selectively activate TRPV1, inducing Ca2+ influx and related signaling pathways. Recently, gut microbiota was also involved in some diseases therapeutics, but its influence on the effects of capsaicin still need to be deeply studied. In this review, different extraction and purification methods of capsaicin, its biological activities and pharmacological effects were systematically summarized, as well as the possible mechanisms were also deeply discussed. This article will give an updated and better understanding of capsaicin-related biological effects and provide theoretical basis for its further research and applications in human health and manufacture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhang Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minxia He
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Wu L, Lv Y, Lv Y, Xiang S, Zhao Z, Tang Z, Ou L, Yan B, Xiao X, Wen G, Cao R, Yang J. A novel secretagogin/ATF4 pathway is involved in oxidized LDL-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and islet β-cell apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:54-62. [PMID: 33289795 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in β cells initiates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and associated apoptosis. We have reported that excessive uptake of cholesterol by MIN6 cells decreases the expression of secretagogin (SCGN) and then attenuates insulin secretion. Here, we aimed to determine whether cholesterol-induced SCGN decrease is involved in the modulation of ER stress and apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. In this study, MIN6 cells were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h, and then intracellular lipid droplets and cell apoptosis were quantified, and SCGN and ER stress markers were identified by western blot analysis. Furthermore, small interfer RNA (siRNA)-mediated SCGN knockdown and recombinant plasmid-mediated SCGN restoration experiments were performed to confirm the role of SCGN in ER stress and associated cell apoptosis. Finally, the interaction of SCGN with ATF4 was computationally predicted and then validated by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. We found that ox-LDL treatment increased the levels of ER stress markers, such as phosphorylated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, and promoted MIN6 cell apoptosis; in addition, the expression of SCGN was downregulated. siRNA-mediated SCGN knockdown exacerbated β-cell ER stress by increasing ATF4 expression. Pretreatment of MIN6 cells with the recombinant SCGN partly antagonized ox-LDL-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed an interaction between SCGN and ATF4 in MIN6 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that pancreatic β-cell apoptosis induced by ox-LDL treatment can be attributed, in part, to an SCGN/ATF4-dependent ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Sunmin Xiang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linling Ou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Renxian Cao
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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19
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Aseer KR, Egan JM. An Autonomous Cannabinoid System in Islets of Langerhans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:699661. [PMID: 34290671 PMCID: PMC8287299 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.699661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While endocannabinoids (ECs) and cannabis were primarily studied for their nervous system effects, it is now clear that ECs are also produced in the periphery where they regulate several physiological processes, including energy storage, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin secretion and synthesis, and hepatocyte function. Within islet of Langerhans there is an autonomous EC system (ECS). Beta (β)-cells contain all the enzymes necessary for EC synthesis and degradation; ECs are generated in response to cellular depolarization; their paracrine influence on β-cells is mostly through the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) that is present on all β-cells; they modulate basal and glucose- and incretin-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell responses to various stressors. Furthermore, there is now accumulating evidence from preclinical studies that the autonomous islet ECS is a key player in obesity-induced inflammation in islets, and β-cell damage and apoptosis from many causes can be mitigated by CB1R blockers. We will thoroughly review the literature relevant to the effects of ECs and their receptors on β-cells and the other cell types within islets. Therapeutic potential of agents targeting EC/CB1R and CB2R is highly relevant because the receptors belong to the druggable G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Present research in the ECS must be considered preliminary, especially with regards to human islet physiology, and further research is needed in order to translate basic cellular findings into clinical practice and the use of safe, clinically approved CBR modulators with and without glucose lowering combinations presently in therapeutic use for diabetes and obesity needs to be studied.
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20
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Secretagogin is Related to Insulin Secretion but Unrelated to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Status in Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072277. [PMID: 32708966 PMCID: PMC7408624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a calcium binding protein related to insulin release in the pancreas. Although SCGN is not co-released with insulin, plasma concentrations have been found to be increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Until now, no study on SCGN levels in pregnancy or patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been published. In 93 women of a high-risk population for GDM at the Medical University of Vienna, secretagogin levels of 45 GDM patients were compared to 48 women with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and secretion were assessed with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) between the 10th and 28th week of gestation (GW) and postpartum. In all women, however, predominantly in women with NGT, there was a significant positive correlation between SCGN levels and Stumvoll first (rp = 0.220, p = 0.032) and second phase index (rp = 0.224, p = 0.028). SCGN levels were not significantly different in women with NGT and GDM. However, SCGN was higher postpartum than during pregnancy (postpartum: 88.07 ± 35.63 pg/mL; pregnancy: 75.24 ± 37.90 pg/mL, p = 0.004). SCGN was directly correlated with week of gestation (rp = 0.308; p = 0.021) and triglycerides (rp = 0.276; p = 0.038) in women with GDM. Therefore, SCGN is related to insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia during pregnancy; however, it does not display differences between women with NGT and GDM.
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Zhang X, Ye L, Huang Y, Ding X, Wang L. The potential role of TRPV1 in pulmonary hypertension: Angel or demon? Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:235-246. [PMID: 31189399 PMCID: PMC6602577 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1631106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological state defined by increased pulmonary artery pressure, the pathogenesis of which is related to genetic mutations, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), inflammation and proliferation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in neural and nonneural cells, including pulmonary vessels and nerves. As a calcium channel, TRPV1 can make vessels contracted, and promote smooth muscle cells proliferation through calcium-dependent transcription factors. Activation of TRPV1 in sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SST), which can regulate inflammation via transcription factor NF-kB. Considering the increased level of [Ca2+]i and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PH, our review summarizes the role of TRPV1 in PH with regard to [Ca2+]i, neuropeptides, and inflammation. In view of the limited research illustrating the relationship between TRPV1 and PH directly, our review also considers the role of TRPV1 in other types of vascular inflammation. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness about the function of TRPV1 in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lifang Ye
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Huang
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lihong Wang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
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22
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Structural and mechanistic insights into secretagogin-mediated exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6559-6570. [PMID: 32156735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919698117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a hexa-EF-hand protein that is highly expressed in the pancreas, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. SCGN is known to modulate regulated exocytosis in multiple cell lines and tissues; however, its exact functions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that SCGN interacts with the plasma membrane SNARE SNAP-25, but not the assembled SNARE complex, in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The crystal structure of SCGN in complex with a SNAP-25 fragment reveals that SNAP-25 adopts a helical structure and binds to EF-hands 5 and 6 of SCGN. SCGN strongly inhibits SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion in vitro by binding to SNAP-25. SCGN promotes the plasma membrane localization of SNAP-25, but not Syntaxin-1a, in SCGN-expressing cells. Finally, SCGN controls neuronal growth and brain development in zebrafish, likely via interacting with SNAP-25 or its close homolog, SNAP-23. Our results thus provide insights into the regulation of SNAREs and suggest that aberrant synapse functions underlie multiple neurological disorders caused by SCGN deficiency.
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23
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Korchynska S, Krassnitzer M, Malenczyk K, Prasad RB, Tretiakov EO, Rehman S, Cinquina V, Gernedl V, Farlik M, Petersen J, Hannes S, Schachenhofer J, Reisinger SN, Zambon A, Asplund O, Artner I, Keimpema E, Lubec G, Mulder J, Bock C, Pollak DD, Romanov RA, Pifl C, Groop L, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T. Life-long impairment of glucose homeostasis upon prenatal exposure to psychostimulants. EMBO J 2020; 39:e100882. [PMID: 31750562 PMCID: PMC6939201 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal drug abuse during pregnancy is a rapidly escalating societal problem. Psychostimulants, including amphetamine, cocaine, and methamphetamine, are amongst the illicit drugs most commonly consumed by pregnant women. Neuropharmacology concepts posit that psychostimulants affect monoamine signaling in the nervous system by their affinities to neurotransmitter reuptake and vesicular transporters to heighten neurotransmitter availability extracellularly. Exacerbated dopamine signaling is particularly considered as a key determinant of psychostimulant action. Much less is known about possible adverse effects of these drugs on peripheral organs, and if in utero exposure induces lifelong pathologies. Here, we addressed this question by combining human RNA-seq data with cellular and mouse models of neuroendocrine development. We show that episodic maternal exposure to psychostimulants during pregnancy coincident with the intrauterine specification of pancreatic β cells permanently impairs their ability of insulin production, leading to glucose intolerance in adult female but not male offspring. We link psychostimulant action specifically to serotonin signaling and implicate the sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming of serotonin-related gene regulatory networks upstream from the transcription factor Pet1/Fev as determinants of reduced insulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Korchynska
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maria Krassnitzer
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Victoria Gernedl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sophia Hannes
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julia Schachenhofer
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sonali N Reisinger
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alice Zambon
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and FunctionLund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
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24
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Biancolin AD, Martchenko A, Mitova E, Gurges P, Michalchyshyn E, Chalmers JA, Doria A, Mychaleckyj JC, Adriaenssens AE, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Gil-Lozano M, Cox BJ, Brubaker PL. The core clock gene, Bmal1, and its downstream target, the SNARE regulatory protein secretagogin, are necessary for circadian secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Mol Metab 2020; 31:124-137. [PMID: 31918914 PMCID: PMC6920326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted from intestinal L-cells upon nutrient intake. While recent evidence has shown that GLP-1 is released in a circadian manner in rats, whether this occurs in mice and if this pattern is regulated by the circadian clock remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, although circadian GLP-1 secretion parallels expression of the core clock gene Bmal1, the link between the two remains largely unknown. Secretagogin (Scgn) is an exocytotic SNARE regulatory protein that demonstrates circadian expression and is essential for insulin secretion from β-cells. The objective of the current study was to establish the necessity of the core clock gene Bmal1 and the SNARE protein SCGN as essential regulators of circadian GLP-1 secretion. METHODS Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted at different times of the day on 4-hour fasted C57BL/6J, Bmal1 wild-type, and Bmal1 knockout mice. Mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR and/or microarray analyses, and immunostaining were conducted on murine (m) and human (h) primary L-cells and mGLUTag and hNCI-H716 L-cell lines. At peak and trough GLP-1 secretory time points, the mGLUTag cells were co-stained for SCGN and a membrane-marker, ChIP was used to analyze BMAL1 binding sites in the Scgn promoter, protein interaction with SCGN was tested by co-immunoprecipitation, and siRNA was used to knockdown Scgn for GLP-1 secretion assay. RESULTS C57BL/6J mice displayed a circadian rhythm in GLP-1 secretion that peaked at the onset of their feeding period. Rhythmic GLP-1 release was impaired in Bmal1 knockout (KO) mice as compared to wild-type controls at the peak (p < 0.05) but not at the trough secretory time point. Microarray identified SNARE and transport vesicle pathways as highly upregulated in mGLUTag L-cells at the peak time point of GLP-1 secretion (p < 0.001). Mass spectrometry revealed that SCGN was also increased at this time (p < 0.001), while RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and immunostaining demonstrated Scgn expression in all human and murine primary L-cells and cell lines. The mGLUTag and hNCI-H716 L-cells exhibited circadian rhythms in Scgn expression (p < 0.001). The ChIP analysis demonstrated increased binding of BMAL1 only at the peak of Scgn expression (p < 0.01). Immunocytochemistry showed the translocation of SCGN to the cell membrane after stimulation at the peak time point only (p < 0.05), while CoIP showed that SCGN was pulled down with SNAP25 and β-actin, but only the latter interaction was time-dependent (p < 0.05). Finally, Scgn siRNA-treated cells demonstrated significantly blunted GLP-1 secretion (p < 0.01) in response to stimulation at the peak time point only. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate, for the first time, that mice display a circadian pattern in GLP-1 secretion, which is impaired in Bmal1 knockout mice, and that Bmal1 regulation of Scgn expression plays an essential role in the circadian release of the incretin hormone GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilia Mitova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Gurges
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Alessandro Doria
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alice E Adriaenssens
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J Cox
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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Brain-wide genetic mapping identifies the indusium griseum as a prenatal target of pharmacologically unrelated psychostimulants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25958-25967. [PMID: 31796600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, including a dramatic rise during pregnancy. Nevertheless, brain-wide effects of psychostimulant exposure are incompletely understood. Here, we performed Fos-CreERT2-based activity mapping, correlated for pregnant mouse dams and their fetuses with amphetamine, nicotine, and caffeine applied acutely during midgestation. While light-sheet microscopy-assisted intact tissue imaging revealed drug- and age-specific neuronal activation, the indusium griseum (IG) appeared indiscriminately affected. By using GAD67gfp/+ mice we subdivided the IG into a dorsolateral domain populated by γ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons and a ventromedial segment containing glutamatergic neurons, many showing drug-induced activation and sequentially expressing Pou3f3/Brn1 and secretagogin (Scgn) during differentiation. We then combined Patch-seq and circuit mapping to show that the ventromedial IG is a quasi-continuum of glutamatergic neurons (IG-Vglut1 +) reminiscent of dentate granule cells in both rodents and humans, whose dendrites emanate perpendicularly toward while their axons course parallel with the superior longitudinal fissure. IG-Vglut1 + neurons receive VGLUT1+ and VGLUT2+ excitatory afferents that topologically segregate along their somatodendritic axis. In turn, their efferents terminate in the olfactory bulb, thus being integral to a multisynaptic circuit that could feed information antiparallel to the olfactory-cortical pathway. In IG-Vglut1 + neurons, prenatal psychostimulant exposure delayed the onset of Scgn expression. Genetic ablation of Scgn was then found to sensitize adult mice toward methamphetamine-induced epilepsy. Overall, our study identifies brain-wide targets of the most common psychostimulants, among which Scgn +/Vglut1 + neurons of the IG link limbic and olfactory circuits.
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26
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Kumar MJM, Ram NS, Chidananda AH, Raj TA, Sharma Y. Secretagogin Regulates Insulin Signaling by Direct Insulin Binding. iScience 2019; 21:736-753. [PMID: 31734536 PMCID: PMC6864339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a β-cell enriched, secretory/cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein with unknown secretory regulation and functions. Recent findings suggest that SCGN deficiency correlates with compromised insulin response and diabetes. However, the (patho)physiological SCGN-insulin nexus remains unexplored. We here report that SCGN is an insulin-interacting protein. The protein-protein interaction between SCGN and insulin regulates insulin stability and increases insulin potency in vitro and in vivo. Mutagenesis studies suggest an indispensable role for N-terminal domain of SCGN in modulating insulin stability and function. SCGN supplementation in diabetogenic-diet-fed mice preserves physiological insulin responsiveness while relieving obesity and cardiovascular risk. SCGN-insulin interaction mediated alleviation of hyperinsulinemia by increased insulin internalization, which translates to reduced body fat and hepatic lipid accumulation, emerges as a plausible mechanism for the preservation of insulin responsiveness. These findings establish SCGN as a functional insulin-binding protein (InsBP) with therapeutic potential against diabetes. SCGN is an insulin-interacting calcium sensor protein SCGN binding protects insulin from aggregation SCGN potentiates insulin action in vivo SCGN administration into HFD-fed animals impedes insulin resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - M Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - N Sai Ram
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Amrutha H Chidananda
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - T Avinash Raj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India.
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27
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Sifuentes-Dominguez LF, Li H, Llano E, Liu Z, Singla A, Patel AS, Kathania M, Khoury A, Norris N, Rios JJ, Starokadomskyy P, Park JY, Gopal P, Liu Q, Tan S, Chan L, Ross T, Harrison S, Venuprasad K, Baker LA, Jia D, Burstein E. SCGN deficiency results in colitis susceptibility. eLife 2019; 8:49910. [PMID: 31663849 PMCID: PMC6839920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 1.5–3.0 million people in the United States. IBD is genetically determined and many common risk alleles have been identified. Yet, a large proportion of genetic predisposition remains unexplained. In this study, we report the identification of an ultra rare missense variant (NM_006998.3:c.230G > A;p.Arg77His) in the SCGN gene causing Mendelian early-onset ulcerative colitis. SCGN encodes a calcium sensor that is exclusively expressed in neuroendocrine lineages, including enteroendocrine cells and gut neurons. SCGN interacts with the SNARE complex, which is required for vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. We show that the SCGN mutation identified impacted the localization of the SNARE complex partner, SNAP25, leading to impaired hormone release. Finally, we show that mouse models of Scgn deficiency recapitulate impaired hormone release and susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that functional deficiency in SCGN can result in intestinal inflammation and implicates the neuroendocrine cellular compartment in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ernesto Llano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ashish S Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mahesh Kathania
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Areen Khoury
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Nicholas Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, United States
| | - Petro Starokadomskyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jason Y Park
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lillienne Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Theodora Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Steven Harrison
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - K Venuprasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Linda A Baker
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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28
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Bujak JK, Kosmala D, Szopa IM, Majchrzak K, Bednarczyk P. Inflammation, Cancer and Immunity-Implication of TRPV1 Channel. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1087. [PMID: 31681615 PMCID: PMC6805766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Process of inflammation and complex interactions between immune and cancer cells within tumor microenvironment are known to drive and shape the outcome of the neoplastic disease. Recent studies increasingly show that ion channels can be used as potential targets to modulate immune response and to treat inflammatory disorders and cancer. The action of both innate and adaptive immune cells is tightly regulated by ionic signals provided by a network of distinct ion channels. TRPV1 channel, known as a capsaicin receptor, was recently documented to be expressed on the cells of the immune system but also aberrantly expressed in the several tumor types. It is activated by heat, protons, proinflammatory cytokines, and associated with pain and inflammation. TRPV1 channel is not only involved in calcium signaling fundamental for many cellular processes but also takes part in cell-environment crosstalk influencing cell behavior. Furthermore, in several studies, activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin was associated with anti-cancer effects. Therefore, TRPV1 provides a potential link between the process of inflammation, cancer and immunity, and offers new treatment possibilities. Nevertheless, in many cases, results regarding TRPV1 are contradictory and need further refinement. In this review we present the summary of the data related to the role of TRPV1 channel in the process of inflammation, cancer and immunity, limitations of the studies, and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Katarzyna Bujak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Monika Szopa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Keller MP, Rabaglia ME, Schueler KL, Stapleton DS, Gatti DM, Vincent M, Mitok KA, Wang Z, Ishimura T, Simonett SP, Emfinger CH, Das R, Beck T, Kendziorski C, Broman KW, Yandell BS, Churchill GA, Attie AD. Gene loci associated with insulin secretion in islets from non-diabetic mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4419-4432. [PMID: 31343992 DOI: 10.1172/jci129143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is primarily due to β-cell dysfunction. However, a genetic study to directly interrogate β-cell function ex vivo has never been previously performed. We isolated 233,447 islets from 483 Diversity Outbred (DO) mice maintained on a Western-style diet, and measured insulin secretion in response to a variety of secretagogues. Insulin secretion from DO islets ranged >1,000-fold even though none of the mice were diabetic. The insulin secretory response to each secretagogue had a unique genetic architecture; some of the loci were specific for one condition, whereas others overlapped. Human loci that are syntenic to many of the insulin secretion QTL from mouse are associated with diabetes-related SNPs in human genome-wide association studies. We report on three genes, Ptpn18, Hunk and Zfp148, where the phenotype predictions from the genetic screen were fulfilled in our studies of transgenic mouse models. These three genes encode a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase, a serine/threonine protein kinase, and a Krϋppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor, respectively. Our results demonstrate that genetic variation in insulin secretion that can lead to type 2 diabetes is discoverable in non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Keller
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary E Rabaglia
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schueler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donnie S Stapleton
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly A Mitok
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziyue Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Shane P Simonett
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Rahul Das
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karl W Broman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian S Yandell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Horticulture, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Alan D Attie
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biochemistry Department, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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30
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Secretagogin Purification and Quality Control Strategies for Biophysical and Cell Biological Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:551-566. [PMID: 30710296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) has recently gained attention due to its modulatory effect on insulin/CRH secretion and function. However, a large pool of speculated SCGN functions remains unexplored. A major deficiency is the lack of knowledge about the biological functions of extracellular SCGN. We here describe convenient methods for the scalable production of His-tagged and untagged mouse SCGN. The protocol is optimized to remove endotoxins, and thus the protein is suited for biological applications such as cell culture treatment or animal injections. We also outline expedient methods to check the purity of SCGN preparation for biological applications.
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31
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Yang J, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Xiang S, Zhou L, Gao A, Yan B, Ou L, Ling H, Xiao X, Liu J. A microRNA‑24‑to‑secretagogin regulatory pathway mediates cholesterol‑induced inhibition of insulin secretion. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:608-616. [PMID: 31173188 PMCID: PMC6605698 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key factor leading to β‑cell dysfunction, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Secretagogin (Scgn), a Ca2+ sensor protein that is expressed at high levels in the islets, has been shown to play a key role in regulating insulin secretion through effects on the soluble N‑ethylmaleimide‑sensitive factor attachment receptor protein complexes. However, further studies are required to determine whether Scgn plays a role in hypercholesterolemia‑associated β‑cell dysfunction. The present study investigated the involvement of a microRNA‑24 (miR‑24)‑to‑Scgn regulatory pathway in cholesterol‑induced β‑cell dysfunction. In the present study, MIN6 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of cholesterol and then, the cellular functions and changes in the miR‑24‑to‑Scgn signal pathway were observed. Excessive uptake of cholesterol in MIN6 cells increased the expression of miR‑24, resulting in a reduction in Sp1 expression by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region. As a transcriptional activator of Scgn, downregulation of Sp1 decreased Scgn levels and subsequently decreased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, which is regulated by Scgn. Therefore, the focal adhesions in insulin granules were impaired and insulin exocytosis was reduced. The present study concluded that a miR‑24‑to‑Scgn pathway participates in the mechanism regulating cholesterol accumulation‑induced β‑cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Sunmin Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ling
- Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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32
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Zahola P, Hanics J, Pintér A, Máté Z, Gáspárdy A, Hevesi Z, Echevarria D, Adori C, Barde S, Törőcsik B, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Wagner L, Kovacs GG, Hökfelt T, Harkany T, Alpár A. Secretagogin expression in the vertebrate brainstem with focus on the noradrenergic system and implications for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2061-2078. [PMID: 31144035 PMCID: PMC6591208 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins are widely used to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brain. This study focuses on secretagogin, an EF-hand calcium sensor, to identify distinct neuronal populations in the brainstem of several vertebrate species. By using neural tube whole mounts of mouse embryos, we show that secretagogin is already expressed during the early ontogeny of brainstem noradrenaline cells. In adults, secretagogin-expressing neurons typically populate relay centres of special senses and vegetative regulatory centres of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Notably, secretagogin expression overlapped with the brainstem column of noradrenergic cell bodies, including the locus coeruleus (A6) and the A1, A5 and A7 fields. Secretagogin expression in avian, mouse, rat and human samples showed quasi-equivalent patterns, suggesting conservation throughout vertebrate phylogeny. We found reduced secretagogin expression in locus coeruleus from subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, and this reduction paralleled the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme rate limiting noradrenaline synthesis. Residual secretagogin immunoreactivity was confined to small submembrane domains associated with initial aberrant tau phosphorylation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that secretagogin is a useful marker to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brainstem, conserved throughout several species, and its altered expression may reflect cellular dysfunction of locus coeruleus neurons in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Zahola
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hanics
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gáspárdy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hevesi
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Echevarria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beáta Törőcsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alán Alpár
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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33
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Redox TRPs in diabetes and diabetic complications: Mechanisms and pharmacological modulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104271. [PMID: 31096011 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have shown to be involved in a wide variety of physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions. Modulation of TRP channels reported to play a major role in number of disorders starting from central nervous system related disorders to cardiovascular, inflammatory, cancer, gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases. Recently, a subset of TRP ion channels called redox TRPs gained importance on account of their ability to sense the cellular redox environment and respond accordingly to such redox stimuli. Diabetes, the silent epidemic of the world is increasing at an alarming rate in spite of novel therapeutic interventions. Moreover, diabetes and its associated complications are reported to arise due to a change in oxidative status of cell induced by hyperglycemia. Such a change in cellular oxidative status can modulate the activities of various redox TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPC5, TRPMs and TRPV1). Targeting redox TRPs have potential in diabetes and diabetic complications like neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, cystopathy, and encephalopathy. Thus in this review, we have discussed the activities of different redox sensing TRPs in diabetes and diabetic complications and how they can be modulated pharmacologically, so as to consider them a potential novel therapeutic target in treating diabetes and its comorbidity.
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34
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Sharma Y. Veiled Potential of Secretagogin in Diabetes: Correlation or Coincidence? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:234-243. [PMID: 30772140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a calcium sensor protein enriched in neuroendocrine cells in general and pancreatic β-cells in particular. SCGN regulates insulin secretion through several Ca2+-dependent interactions. Recent studies implicate SCGN in the β-cell physiology and extracellular insulin function, making it an intriguing candidate in diabetes research. Here, we propose a conjoining theme of diversified SCGN function in diabetes pathology. In our opinion, SCGN is an attractive therapeutic candidate ascribed by its role in β-cell maintenance and neuronal functions and in the efficacy of insulin. To scrutinize the therapeutic prospects of SCGN, we abridge putative diabetes-related properties of SCGN and put forth strategies to determine the precise role of SCGN in the pathogenesis/preclusion of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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35
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Korchynska S, Lutz MI, Borók E, Pammer J, Cinquina V, Fedirko N, Irving AJ, Mackie K, Harkany T, Keimpema E. GPR55 controls functional differentiation of self-renewing epithelial progenitors for salivation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122947. [PMID: 30830860 PMCID: PMC6478415 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR55, a lipid-sensing receptor, is implicated in cell cycle control, malignant cell mobilization, and tissue invasion in cancer. However, a physiological role for GPR55 is virtually unknown for any tissue type. Here, we localize GPR55 to self-renewing ductal epithelial cells and their terminally differentiated progeny in both human and mouse salivary glands. Moreover, we find GPR55 expression downregulated in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas and GPR55 reinstatement by antitumor irradiation, suggesting that GPR55 controls renegade proliferation. Indeed, GPR55 antagonism increases cell proliferation and function determination in quasiphysiological systems. In addition, Gpr55-/- mice present ~50% enlarged submandibular glands with many more granulated ducts, as well as disordered endoplasmic reticuli and with glycoprotein content. Next, we hypothesized that GPR55 could also modulate salivation and glycoprotein content by entraining differentiated excretory progeny. Accordingly, GPR55 activation facilitated glycoprotein release by itself, inducing low-amplitude Ca2+ oscillations, as well as enhancing acetylcholine-induced Ca2+ responses. Topical application of GPR55 agonists, which are ineffective in Gpr55-/- mice, into adult rodent submandibular glands increased salivation and saliva glycoprotein content. Overall, we propose that GPR55 signaling in epithelial cells ensures both the life-long renewal of ductal cells and the continuous availability of saliva and glycoproteins for oral health and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erzsébet Borók
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Centre for Brain Research, and
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nataliya Fedirko
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrew J. Irving
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research
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36
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Maj M, Wagner L, Tretter V. 20 Years of Secretagogin: Exocytosis and Beyond. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30853888 PMCID: PMC6396707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important signaling factors in mammalian cells. Specific temporal and spatial calcium signals underlie fundamental processes such as cell growth, development, circadian rhythms, neurotransmission, hormonal actions and apoptosis. In order to translate calcium signals into cellular processes a vast number of proteins bind this ion with affinities from the nanomolar to millimolar range. Using classical biochemical methods an impressing number of calcium binding proteins (CBPs) have been discovered since the late 1960s, some of which are expressed ubiquitously, others are more restricted to specific cell types. In the nervous system expression patterns of different CBPs have been used to discern different neuronal cell populations, especially before advanced methods like single-cell transcriptomics and activity recording were available to define neuronal identity. However, understanding CBPs and their interacting proteins is still of central interest. The post-genomic era has coined the term “calciomics,” to describe a whole new research field, that engages in the identification and characterization of CBPs and their interactome. Secretagogin is a CBP, that was discovered 20 years ago in the pancreas. Consecutively it was found also in other organs including the nervous system, with characteristic expression patterns mostly forming cell clusters. Its regional expression and subcellular location together with the identification of protein interaction partners implicated, that secretagogin has a central role in hormone secretion. Meanwhile, with the help of modern proteomics a large number of actual and putative interacting proteins has been identified, that allow to anticipate a much more complex role of secretagogin in developing and adult neuronal cells. Here, we review recent findings that appear like puzzle stones of a greater picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Tretter
- Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care, Clinical Department of Anesthesia, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Adaszek Ł, Gadomska D, Mazurek Ł, Łyp P, Madany J, Winiarczyk S. Properties of capsaicin and its utility in veterinary and human medicine. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:14-19. [PMID: 30579138 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this paper was to show the variety of capsaicin's properties. Capsaicin is an active component of plants of the Capsicum genus, and is known for its pungency. Capsaicin is used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Additional properties of capsaicin have been demonstrated, including pain relief, weight loss, body thermoregulation, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Studies of capsaicin's effects on the human and animal organism need to be continued, with special emphasis on new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, 30 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Gadomska
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, 30 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mazurek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, 30 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Łyp
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, 30 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Madany
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, 30 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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38
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Alpár A, Zahola P, Hanics J, Hevesi Z, Korchynska S, Benevento M, Pifl C, Zachar G, Perugini J, Severi I, Leitgeb P, Bakker J, Miklosi AG, Tretiakov E, Keimpema E, Arque G, Tasan RO, Sperk G, Malenczyk K, Máté Z, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Lubec G, Palkovits M, Giordano A, Hökfelt TG, Romanov RA, Horvath TL, Harkany T. Hypothalamic CNTF volume transmission shapes cortical noradrenergic excitability upon acute stress. EMBO J 2018; 37:e100087. [PMID: 30209240 PMCID: PMC6213283 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced cortical alertness is maintained by a heightened excitability of noradrenergic neurons innervating, notably, the prefrontal cortex. However, neither the signaling axis linking hypothalamic activation to delayed and lasting noradrenergic excitability nor the molecular cascade gating noradrenaline synthesis is defined. Here, we show that hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone-releasing neurons innervate ependymal cells of the 3rd ventricle to induce ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) release for transport through the brain's aqueductal system. CNTF binding to its cognate receptors on norepinephrinergic neurons in the locus coeruleus then initiates sequential phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and tyrosine hydroxylase with the Ca2+-sensor secretagogin ensuring activity dependence in both rodent and human brains. Both CNTF and secretagogin ablation occlude stress-induced cortical norepinephrine synthesis, ensuing neuronal excitation and behavioral stereotypes. Cumulatively, we identify a multimodal pathway that is rate-limited by CNTF volume transmission and poised to directly convert hypothalamic activation into long-lasting cortical excitability following acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alán Alpár
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Zahola
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hanics
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hevesi
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Solomiia Korchynska
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Benevento
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Zachar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Leitgeb
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanne Bakker
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andras G Miklosi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gloria Arque
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramon O Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tomas Gm Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Departments of Comparative Medicine and Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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39
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González-Mariscal I, Egan JM. Endocannabinoids in the Islets of Langerhans: the ugly, the bad, and the good facts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E174-E179. [PMID: 29631361 PMCID: PMC6139496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates cellular homeostasis and whole-body metabolism. There is an autonomous ECS in the endocrine pancreas, including the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) that is present in β-cells. Here, we discuss conflicts that have arisen with regard to the function(s) of the ECs in the endocrine pancreas and that have caused confusion when defining the role of the ECS in islets of Langerhans, especially the role(s) of CB1R in β-cells. We also discuss the latest data published concerning the ECS in islets. CB1R in particular is not simply a negative modulator of insulin secretion as it is also involved in intra-islet inflammation during high fat-high sugar intake and it is a negative regulator of β-cell viability and turnover. We also discuss the feasibility of using CB1R as a target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
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Malenczyk K, Szodorai E, Schnell R, Lubec G, Szabó G, Hökfelt T, Harkany T. Secretagogin protects Pdx1 from proteasomal degradation to control a transcriptional program required for β cell specification. Mol Metab 2018; 14:108-120. [PMID: 29910119 PMCID: PMC6034064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specification of endocrine cell lineages in the developing pancreas relies on extrinsic signals from non-pancreatic tissues, which initiate a cell-autonomous sequence of transcription factor activation and repression switches. The steps in this pathway share reliance on activity-dependent Ca2+ signals. However, the mechanisms by which phasic Ca2+ surges become converted into a dynamic, cell-state-specific and physiologically meaningful code made up by transcription factors constellations remain essentially unknown. METHODS We used high-resolution histochemistry to explore the coincident expression of secretagogin and transcription factors driving β cell differentiation. Secretagogin promoter activity was tested in response to genetically manipulating Pax6 and Pax4 expression. Secretagogin null mice were produced with their pancreatic islets morphologically and functionally characterized during fetal development. A proteomic approach was utilized to identify the Ca2+-dependent interaction of secretagogin with subunits of the 26S proteasome and verified in vitro by focusing on Pdx1 retention. RESULTS Here, we show that secretagogin, a Ca2+ sensor protein that controls α and β cell turnover in adult, is in fact expressed in endocrine pancreas from the inception of lineage segregation in a Pax4-and Pax6-dependent fashion. By genetically and pharmacologically manipulating secretagogin expression and interactome engagement in vitro, we find secretagogin to gate excitation-driven Ca2+ signals for β cell differentiation and insulin production. Accordingly, secretagogin-/- fetuses retain a non-committed pool of endocrine progenitors that co-express both insulin and glucagon. We identify the Ca2+-dependent interaction of secretagogin with subunits of the 26S proteasome complex to prevent Pdx1 degradation through proteasome inactivation. This coincides with retained Nkx6.1, Pax4 and insulin transcription in prospective β cells. CONCLUSIONS In sum, secretagogin scales the temporal availability of a Ca2+-dependent transcription factor network to define β cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony utca 43, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hansson SF, Zhou AX, Vachet P, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Skrtic S, Jongsma Wallin H, Ericsson-Dahlstrand A, Karlsson D, Ahnmark A, Sörhede Winzell M, Magnone MC, Davidsson P. Secretagogin is increased in plasma from type 2 diabetes patients and potentially reflects stress and islet dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196601. [PMID: 29702679 PMCID: PMC5922551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cell dysfunction accompanies and drives the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but there are few clinical biomarkers available to assess islet cell stress in humans. Secretagogin, a protein enriched in pancreatic islets, demonstrates protective effects on beta cell function in animals. However, its potential as a circulating biomarker released from human beta cells and islets has not been studied. In this study primary human islets, beta cells and plasma samples were used to explore secretion and expression of secretagogin in relation to the T2D pathology. Secretagogin was abundantly and specifically expressed and secreted from human islets. Furthermore, T2D patients had an elevated plasma level of secretagogin compared with matched healthy controls, which was confirmed in plasma of diabetic mice transplanted with human islets. Additionally, the plasma secretagogin level of the human cohort had an inverse correlation to clinical assessments of beta cell function. To explore the mechanism of secretagogin release in vitro, human beta cells (EndoC-βH1) were exposed to elevated glucose or cellular stress-inducing agents. Secretagogin was not released in parallel with glucose stimulated insulin release, but was markedly elevated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressors and cytokines. These findings indicate that secretagogin is a potential novel biomarker, reflecting stress and islet cell dysfunction in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Hansson
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulina Vachet
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Translational Medicine Unit CVRM, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Sörhede Winzell
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Magnone
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Davidsson
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mori N, Kurata M, Yamazaki H, Matsumura S, Hashimoto T, Kanazawa K, Nadamoto T, Inoue K, Fushiki T. Allyl isothiocyanate increases carbohydrate oxidation through enhancing insulin secretion by TRPV1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:698-708. [PMID: 29207921 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1407234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 is a cation channel belonging to the TRP channel family and it has been reported to be involved in energy metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. While, we have previously shown that intragastric administration of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) enhanced glucose metabolism via TRPV1, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the relationship between insulin secretion and the increase in carbohydrate oxidation due to AITC. Intragastric administration of AITC elevated blood insulin levels in mice and AITC directly enhanced insulin secretion from isolated islets. These observations were not reproduced in TRPV1 knockout mice. Furthermore, AITC did not increase carbohydrate oxidation in streptozotocin-treated mice. These results suggest that intragastric administration of AITC could induce insulin secretion from islets via TRPV1 and that enhancement of insulin secretion was related to the increased carbohydrate oxidation due to AITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Mori
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Division of Nutrition Sciences, School of Human Culture , University of Shiga Prefecture , Shiga , Japan
| | - Manami Kurata
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hanae Yamazaki
- c Laboratory of Ajinomoto Integrative Research for Advanced Dieting, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- d Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Kazuki Kanazawa
- d Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Tomonori Nadamoto
- b Division of Nutrition Sciences, School of Human Culture , University of Shiga Prefecture , Shiga , Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Malenczyk K, Girach F, Szodorai E, Storm P, Segerstolpe Å, Tortoriello G, Schnell R, Mulder J, Romanov RA, Borók E, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Szabó G, Sandberg R, Kubicek S, Lubec G, Hökfelt T, Wagner L, Groop L, Harkany T. A TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis controls pancreatic β-cell survival by modulating protein turnover. EMBO J 2017; 36:2107-2125. [PMID: 28637794 PMCID: PMC5510001 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensor proteins are generally implicated in insulin release through SNARE interactions. Here, secretagogin, whose expression in human pancreatic islets correlates with their insulin content and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, is shown to orchestrate an unexpectedly distinct mechanism. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals retained expression of the TRP family members in β-cells from diabetic donors. Amongst these, pharmacological probing identifies Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channels (TRPV1) as potent inducers of secretagogin expression through recruitment of Sp1 transcription factors. Accordingly, agonist stimulation of TRPV1s fails to rescue insulin release from pancreatic islets of glucose intolerant secretagogin knock-out(-/-) mice. However, instead of merely impinging on the SNARE machinery, reduced insulin availability in secretagogin-/- mice is due to β-cell loss, which is underpinned by the collapse of protein folding and deregulation of secretagogin-dependent USP9X deubiquitinase activity. Therefore, and considering the desensitization of TRPV1s in diabetic pancreata, a TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis seems critical to maintain the structural integrity and signal competence of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatima Girach
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRC, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åsa Segerstolpe
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erzsébet Borók
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli Naples, Italy
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine III, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRC, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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