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Hannaford MR, Rusan NM. Positioning centrioles and centrosomes. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311140. [PMID: 38512059 PMCID: PMC10959756 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the primary microtubule organizer in eukaryotic cells. In addition to shaping the intracellular microtubule network and the mitotic spindle, centrosomes are responsible for positioning cilia and flagella. To fulfill these diverse functions, centrosomes must be properly located within cells, which requires that they undergo intracellular transport. Importantly, centrosome mispositioning has been linked to ciliopathies, cancer, and infertility. The mechanisms by which centrosomes migrate are diverse and context dependent. In many cells, centrosomes move via indirect motor transport, whereby centrosomal microtubules engage anchored motor proteins that exert forces on those microtubules, resulting in centrosome movement. However, in some cases, centrosomes move via direct motor transport, whereby the centrosome or centriole functions as cargo that directly binds molecular motors which then walk on stationary microtubules. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of centrosome motility and the consequences of centrosome mispositioning and identify key questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hannaford
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Ahmed M, Semreen AM, Giddey AD, Ramadan WS, El-Awady R, Soares NC, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Alqudah MAY, Alzoubi KH, Semreen MH. Proteomic and metabolomic signatures of U87 glioblastoma cells treated with cisplatin and/or paclitaxel. Ann Med 2024; 55:2305308. [PMID: 38253025 PMCID: PMC10810643 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignancy of the central nervous system and is classified as a grade IV astrocytoma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although GBM rarely metastasizes, its prognosis remains poor. Moreover, the standard treatment for GBM, temozolomide (TMZ), is associated with chemoresistance, which is a major factor behind GBM-related deaths. Investigating drugs with repurposing potential in the context of GBM is worthwhile to bypass lengthy bench-to-bedside research. The field of omics has garnered significant interest in scientific research because of its potential to delineate the intricate regulatory network underlying tumor development. In particular, proteomic and metabolomic analyses are powerful approaches for the investigation of metabolic enzymes and intermediate metabolites since they represent the functional end of the cancer phenotype. METHODS We chose two of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs, cisplatin and paclitaxel. To our knowledge, the current literature lacks studies examining their effects on metabolic and proteomic alterations in GBM. We employed the mass spectrometry technological platform 'UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS' to examine the changes in the proteome and metabolome profiles of the U87 cell line with defined concentrations of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel via an untargeted approach. RESULTS A total of 1,419 distinct proteins and 90 metabolites were generated, and subsequent analysis was performed. We observed that upon treatment with cisplatin (9.5 μM), U87 cells exhibited apparent efforts to cope with this exogenous stressor, understanding the effect of paclitaxel (5.3 μM) on altering the transport machinery of the cell, and how the combination of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel suggests potential interactions with promising benefits in GBM therapeutics. CONCLUSION Our research provides a detailed map of alterations in response to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment, provides crucial insights into the molecular basis of their action, and paves the way for further research to identify molecular targets for this elusive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahlam M. Semreen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D. Giddey
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Rao VK, Ashtam A, Panda D, Guchhait SK. Natural-Product-Inspired Discovery of Trimethoxyphenyl-1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides as Potent Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300562. [PMID: 37975190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An approach of natural product-inspired strategy and incorporation of an NP-privileged motif has been investigated for the discovery of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Two series, N-Arylsulfonyl-3-arylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives, and their isomers were considered. The compounds were synthesized by construction of the N-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine motif and sulfonylation. Although the chemo- and regioselectivity in sulfonylation were challenging due to multiple ring-tautomerizable-NH and exocyclic NH2 functionalities present in the molecular motifs, the developed synthetic method enabled the preparation of designed molecular skeletons with biologically important motifs. The approach also led to explore interesting molecular regio- and stereochemical aspects valuable for activity. The X-ray crystallography study indicated that the hydrogen bonding between the arylamine-NH and the arylsulfonyl-"O" unit and appropriate molecular-functionality topology allowed the cis-locking of two aryls, which is important for tubulin-binding and antiproliferative properties. All synthesized compounds majorly showed characteristic antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and four compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity. One compound potently bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro. The compound significantly depolymerized microtubules in MCF-7 cells, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, and induced cell death. This study represents the importance of the design strategy in medicinal chemistry and the molecular structural features relevant to anticancer anti-tubulin properties. The explored molecules have the potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajja Krishna Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Anvesh Ashtam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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Rovsing AB, Thomsen EA, Nielsen I, Skov TW, Luo Y, Dybkaer K, Mikkelsen JG. Resistance to vincristine in DLBCL by disruption of p53-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by KIF18B and USP28. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:825-839. [PMID: 37190875 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The frontline therapy R-CHOP for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has remained unchanged for two decades despite numerous Phase III clinical trials investigating new alternatives. Multiple large studies have uncovered genetic subtypes of DLBCL enabling a targeted approach. To further pave the way for precision oncology, we perform genome-wide CRISPR screening to uncover the cellular response to one of the components of R-CHOP, vincristine, in the DLBCL cell line SU-DHL-5. We discover important pathways and subnetworks using gene-set enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction networks and identify genes related to mitotic spindle organization that are essential during vincristine treatment. The inhibition of KIF18A, a mediator of chromosome alignment, using the small molecule inhibitor BTB-1 causes complete cell death in a synergistic manner when administered together with vincristine. We also identify the genes KIF18B and USP28 of which CRISPR/Cas9-directed knockout induces vincristine resistance across two DLBCL cell lines. Mechanistic studies show that lack of KIF18B or USP28 counteracts a vincristine-induced p53 response suggesting that resistance to vincristine has origin in the mitotic surveillance pathway (USP28-53BP1-p53). Collectively, our CRISPR screening data uncover potential drug targets and mechanisms behind vincristine resistance, which may support the development of future drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karen Dybkaer
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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5
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Ramesh Babu PB. Prediction of anti-microtubular target proteins of tubulins and their interacting proteins using Gene Ontology tools. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:78. [PMID: 37466845 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulins are highly conserved globular proteins involved in stabilization of cellular cytoskeletal microtubules during cell cycle. Different isoforms of tubulins are differentially expressed in various cell types, and their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis will help in identifying the anti-microtubular drug targets for cancer and neurological disorders. Numerous web-based PPIs analysis methods are recently being used, and in this paper, I used Gene Ontology (GO) tools, e.g., Stringbase, ProteomeHD, GeneMANIA, and ShinyGO, to identify anti-microtubular target proteins by selecting strongly interacting proteins of tubulins. RESULTS I used 6 different human tubulin isoforms (two from each of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin) and found several thousands of node-to-node protein interactions (highest 4956 in GeneMANIA) and selected top 10 strongly interacting node-to-node interactions with highest score, which included 7 tubulin family protein and 6 non-tubulin family proteins (total 13). Functional enrichment analysis indicated a significant role of these 13 proteins in nucleation, polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules, membrane tethering and docking, dorsal root ganglion development, mitotic cycle, and cytoskeletal organization. I found γ-tubulins (TUBG1, TUBGCP4, and TUBBGCP6) were known to contribute majorly for tubulin-associated functions followed by α-tubulin (TUBA1A) and β-tubulins (TUBB AND TUBB3). In PPI results, I found several non-tubular proteins interacting with tubulins, and six of them (HTT, DPYSL2, SKI, UNC5C, NINL, and DDX41) were found closely associated with their functions. CONCLUSIONS Increasing number of regulatory proteins and subpopulation of tubulin proteins are being reported with poor understanding in their association with microtubule assembly and disassembly. The functional enrichment analysis of tubulin isoforms using recent GO tools resulted in identification of γ-tubulins playing a key role in microtubule functions and observed non-tubulin family of proteins HTT, DPYSL2, SKI, UNC5C, NINL, and DDX41 strongly interacting functional proteins of tubulins. The present study yields a promising model system using GO tools to narrow down tubulin-associated proteins as a drug target in cancer, Alzheimer's, neurological disorders, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polani B Ramesh Babu
- Center for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath Institute of Science and Technology, Selaiyur, Tambaram, Chennai, India.
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6
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Mertens S, Huismans MA, Verissimo CS, Ponsioen B, Overmeer R, Proost N, van Tellingen O, van de Ven M, Begthel H, Boj SF, Clevers H, Roodhart JML, Bos JL, Snippert HJG. Drug-repurposing screen on patient-derived organoids identifies therapy-induced vulnerability in KRAS-mutant colon cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112324. [PMID: 37000626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are widely heralded as a drug-screening platform to develop new anti-cancer therapies. Here, we use a drug-repurposing library to screen PDOs of colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify hidden vulnerabilities within therapy-induced phenotypes. Using a microscopy-based screen that accurately scores drug-induced cell killing, we have tested 414 putative anti-cancer drugs for their ability to switch the EGFRi/MEKi-induced cytostatic phenotype toward cytotoxicity. A majority of validated hits (9/37) are microtubule-targeting agents that are commonly used in clinical oncology, such as taxanes and vinca-alkaloids. One of these drugs, vinorelbine, is consistently effective across a panel of >25 different CRC PDOs, independent of RAS mutational status. Unlike vinorelbine alone, its combination with EGFR/MEK inhibition induces apoptosis at all stages of the cell cycle and shows tolerability and effective anti-tumor activity in vivo, setting the basis for a clinical trial to treat patients with metastatic RAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Mertens
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Huismans
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla S Verissimo
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Overmeer
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine M L Roodhart
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Bos
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Pavani M, Chiroli E, Cancrini C, Gross F, Bonaiuti P, Villa S, Giavazzi F, Matafora V, Bachi A, Fava LL, Lischetti T, Ciliberto A. Triap1 upregulation promotes escape from mitotic-slippage-induced G1 arrest. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112215. [PMID: 36917609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting microtubules rely on the mitotic checkpoint to arrest cell proliferation. The prolonged mitotic arrest induced by such drugs is followed by a G1 arrest. Here, we follow for several weeks the fate of G1-arrested human cells after treatment with nocodazole. We find that a small fraction of cells escapes from the arrest and resumes proliferation. These escaping cells experience reduced DNA damage and p21 activation. Cells surviving treatment are enriched for anti-apoptotic proteins, including Triap1. Increasing Triap1 levels allows cells to survive the first treatment with reduced DNA damage and lower levels of p21; accordingly, decreasing Triap1 re-sensitizes cells to nocodazole. We show that Triap1 upregulation leads to the retention of cytochrome c in the mitochondria, opposing the partial activation of caspases caused by nocodazole. In summary, our results point to a potential role of Triap1 upregulation in the emergence of resistance to drugs that induce prolonged mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pavani
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Chiroli
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Camilla Cancrini
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Fridolin Gross
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR5164, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paolo Bonaiuti
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Villa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Vittoria Matafora
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca L Fava
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Cell Division, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lischetti
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciliberto
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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Adak A, Das G, Gupta V, Khan J, Mukherjee N, Mondal P, Roy R, Barman S, Gharai PK, Ghosh S. Evolution of Potential Antimitotic Stapled Peptides from Multiple Helical Peptide Stretches of the Tubulin Heterodimer Interface: Helix-Mimicking Stapled Peptide Tubulin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13866-13878. [PMID: 36240440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play a crucial role in microtubule dynamics. Microtubules are considered as a key target for the design and development of anticancer therapeutics, where inhibition of tubulin-tubulin interactions plays a crucial role. Here, we focused on a few key helical stretches at the interface of α,β-tubulin heterodimers and developed a structural mimic of these helical peptides, which can serve as potent inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. To induce helicity, we have made stapled analogues of these sequences. Thereafter, we modified the lead sequences of the antimitotic stapled peptides with halo derivatives. It is observed that halo-substituted stapled peptides follow an interesting trend for the electronegativity of halogen atoms in interaction patterns with tubulin and a correlation in the toxicity profile. Remarkably, we found that para-fluorophenylalanine-modified stapled peptide is the most potent inhibitors, which perturbs microtubule dynamics, induces apoptotic death, and inhibits the growth of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindyasundar Adak
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Surajit Barman
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.,Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.,Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
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9
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Smith ER, Wang JQ, Yang DH, Xu XX. Paclitaxel Resistance Related to Nuclear Envelope Structural SturdinessRunning Title: Lamin A/C Expression and Paclitaxel Resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Huang WYC, Cheng X, Ferrell JE. Cytoplasmic organization promotes protein diffusion in Xenopus extracts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5599. [PMID: 36151204 PMCID: PMC9508076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasm is highly organized. However, the extent to which this organization influences the dynamics of cytoplasmic proteins is not well understood. Here, we use Xenopus laevis egg extracts as a model system to study diffusion dynamics in organized versus disorganized cytoplasm. Such extracts are initially homogenized and disorganized, and self-organize into cell-like units over the course of tens of minutes. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we observe that as the cytoplasm organizes, protein diffusion speeds up by about a factor of two over a length scale of a few hundred nanometers, eventually approaching the diffusion time measured in organelle-depleted cytosol. Even though the ordered cytoplasm contained organelles and cytoskeletal elements that might interfere with diffusion, the convergence of protein diffusion in the cytoplasm toward that in organelle-depleted cytosol suggests that subcellular organization maximizes protein diffusivity. The effect of organization on diffusion varies with molecular size, with the effects being largest for protein-sized molecules, and with the time scale of the measurement. These results show that cytoplasmic organization promotes the efficient diffusion of protein molecules in a densely packed environment. Cytoplasmic organization is a hallmark of living cells. Here, the authors make use of self-organizing cell extracts to examine how the emergence of large-scale organizations influences the microscopic diffusion of protein molecules in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xianrui Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Suleimenov M, Bekbayev S, Ten M, Suleimenova N, Tlegenova M, Nurmagambetova A, Kauanova S, Vorobjev I. Bcl-xL activity influences outcome of the mitotic arrest. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933112. [PMID: 36188556 PMCID: PMC9520339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting (MT) drugs taxanes and vinca alkaloids are widely used as chemotherapeutic agents against different tumors for more than 30 years because of their ability to block mitotic progression by disrupting the mitotic spindle and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) for a prolonged period of time. However, responses to mitotic arrest are different—some cells die during mitotic arrest, whereas others undergo mitotic slippage and survive becoming able for proliferation. Using normal fibroblasts and several cancer cell types we determined two critical doses, T1 and T2, of mitotic inhibitors (nocodazole, Taxol, and vinorelbine). T1 is the maximal dose cells can tolerate undergoing normal division, and T2 is the minimal mitostatic dose, wherein > 90% of mitotic cells are arrested in mitosis. In all studied cell lines after treatment with mitotic inhibitors in a dose above T2 cells had entered mitosis either die or undergo mitotic slippage. We show that for all three drugs used cell death during mitotic arrest and after slippage proceeded via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. We determined two types of cancer cells: sensitive to mitotic arrest, that is, undergoing death in mitosis (DiM) frequently, and resistant to mitotic arrest, that is, undergoing mitotic slippage followed by prolonged survival. We then determined that inhibition of Bcl-xL, but not other anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 group that regulate MOMP, make resistant cells susceptible to DiM induced by mitotic inhibitors. Combined treatment with MT drugs and highly specific Bcl-xL inhibitors A-1155643 or A-1331852 allows achieving 100% DiM in a time significantly shorter than maximal duration of mitotic arrest in all types of cultured cells tested. We further examined efficacy of sequential treatment of cultured cells using mitotic inhibitors followed by inhibitors of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein and for the first time show that sensitivity to Bcl-xL inhibitors rapidly declines after mitotic slippage. Thus sequential use of mitotic inhibitors and inhibitors of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein will be efficient only if the Bcl-xL inhibitor will be added before mitotic slippage occurs or soon afterward. The combined treatment proposed might be an efficient approach to anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Suleimenov
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Bekbayev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Ten
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - N. Suleimenova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Tlegenova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A. Nurmagambetova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Science, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Kauanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - I. Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: I. Vorobjev,
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12
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Smith ER, Huang M, Schlumbrecht MP, George SH, Xu XX. Rationale for combination of paclitaxel and CDK4/6 inhibitor in ovarian cancer therapy — non-mitotic mechanisms of paclitaxel. Front Oncol 2022; 12:907520. [PMID: 36185294 PMCID: PMC9520484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.907520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes and CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are two families of successful anti-mitotic drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors. Paclitaxel, representing taxane compounds, has been used either alone or in combination with other agents (commonly carboplatin/cisplatin) in the treatment of many solid tumors including ovarian, breast, lung, prostate cancers, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Paclitaxel has been routinely prescribed in cancer treatment since the 1990s, and its prominent role is unlikely to be replaced in the foreseeable future. Paclitaxel and other taxanes work by binding to and stabilizing microtubules, causing mitotic arrest, aberrant mitosis, and cell death. CDK4/6i (palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) are relatively new cell cycle inhibitors that have been found to be effective in breast cancer treatment, and are currently being developed in other solid tumors. CDK4/6i blocks cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, resulting in cell death by mechanisms not yet fully elucidated. At first glance, paclitaxel and CDK4/6i are unlikely synergistic agents as both are cell cycle inhibitors that work at different phases of the cell cycle, and few clinical trials have yet considered adding CDK4/6i to existing paclitaxel chemotherapy. However, recent findings suggest the importance of a non-mitotic mechanism of paclitaxel in cancer cell death and pre-clinical data support rationale for a strategic paclitaxel and CDK4/6i combination. In mouse tumor model studies, drug sequencing resulted in differential efficacy, indicating complex biological interactions of the two drugs. This article reviews the rationales of combining paclitaxel with CDK4/6i as a potential therapeutic option in recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Smith
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marilyn Huang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew P. Schlumbrecht
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sophia H.L. George
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiang-Xi Xu,
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13
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Paiva KLR, Radicchi MA, Báo SN. In Vitro Evaluation of NLS-DTX Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154920. [PMID: 35956870 PMCID: PMC9370415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases in the world, and the development and improvement of treatments used in cancer therapies are extremely important for a better quality of life for patients. In view of the current problems in drug administration such as low solubility and adverse effects, the activity of a solid lipid nanoparticle containing docetaxel (SLN-DTX), a drug already used in conventional therapies, was evaluated in a cell line (MDA-MB-231) of one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer with the worst prognosis, triple-negative breast cancer. Viability tests indicated that SLN-DTX has a greater dependence on the treatment dose when compared to the free drug, which indicates a more controlled release of the drug, and both reduced viability by around 50% at a concentration of 1 µg/mL after 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal and light microscopy analyses indicated that after treatment the cells enter a mitotic catastrophe, characteristic of antimitotic drugs that usually make cells progress to death or senescence. Cells treated with both DTX and SLN-DTX showed significant inhibition of mobility, 73.6% and 66.5% when treated with SLN-DTX and DTX, respectively, compared to the 11.4% of the control after 72 h, characteristics that are very relevant in tumor development and progression. SLN-DTX demonstrated its great potential as a nanocarrier by maintaining and improving the drug’s action in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. R. Paiva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (K.L.R.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Postgraduate Program of Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marina A. Radicchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (K.L.R.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Postgraduate Program of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sônia N. Báo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (K.L.R.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kumari A, Panda D. Monitoring the Disruptive Effects of Tubulin-Binding Agents on Cellular Microtubules. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:431-448. [PMID: 35476348 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin-binding agents are an important class of chemotherapeutic agents. This chapter describes detailed protocols to examine the effects of tubulin-binding agents on cellular microtubules. The methods can be utilized for the screening of novel chemotherapeutic agents targeting microtubules. These assays can also be extended to study the effects of various proteins on the stability of microtubules. We have described five assays, which together provides qualitative and quantitative information about the effects of tubulin-binding agents on microtubule stability and dynamics. The key steps and crucial information regarding different steps have been included along with the theory of each of the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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15
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Jaunky DB, Larocque K, Husser MC, Liu JT, Forgione P, Piekny A. Characterization of a recently synthesized microtubule-targeting compound that disrupts mitotic spindle poles in human cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23665. [PMID: 34880347 PMCID: PMC8655040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We reveal the effects of a new microtubule-destabilizing compound in human cells. C75 has a core thienoisoquinoline scaffold with several functional groups amenable to modification. Previously we found that sub micromolar concentrations of C75 caused cytotoxicity. We also found that C75 inhibited microtubule polymerization and competed with colchicine for tubulin-binding in vitro. However, here we found that the two compounds synergized suggesting differences in their mechanism of action. Indeed, live imaging revealed that C75 causes different spindle phenotypes compared to colchicine. Spindles remained bipolar and collapsed after colchicine treatment, while C75 caused bipolar spindles to become multipolar. Importantly, microtubules rapidly disappeared after C75-treatment, but then grew back unevenly and from multiple poles. The C75 spindle phenotype is reminiscent of phenotypes caused by depletion of ch-TOG, a microtubule polymerase, suggesting that C75 blocks microtubule polymerization in metaphase cells. C75 also caused an increase in the number of spindle poles in paclitaxel-treated cells, and combining low amounts of C75 and paclitaxel caused greater regression of multicellular tumour spheroids compared to each compound on their own. These findings warrant further exploration of C75’s anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Larocque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Husser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Kang SK, Bae HJ, Kwon WS, Kim TS, Kim KH, Park S, Yu SY, Hwang J, Park J, Chung HC, Rha SY. Inhibition of the bromodomain and extra-terminal family of epigenetic regulators as a promising therapeutic approach for gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1387-1403. [PMID: 34791636 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic dysregulation is a common characteristic of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC), and contributes to cancer development and progression. Although the efficacy of BET (an epigenetic regulator) inhibition has been demonstrated in various cancer types, predictive genetic markers of its efficacy in GC are currently lacking. Therefore, we aimed to identify markers that predict the response of BET inhibition in GC and, suggest an effective treatment regimen through combined therapy. METHODS The effect of BET inhibition was evaluated using iBET-151, a small-molecule inhibitor of BET proteins, in a large panel (n = 49) of GC cell lines and xenograft mouse models. Comprehensive genetic information was used to identify cell lines sensitive to iBET-151. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, and colony-formation and migration assays were used to evaluate the effects of iBET-151 and/or paclitaxel. The synergistic effect of iBET-151 and paclitaxel was evaluated using an organoid model. RESULTS We found that iBET-151 showed a modest growth-inhibitory effect in GC cells (73%, 36/49). iBET-151 inhibited tumorigenicity in vitro and significantly promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Based on comprehensive genetic information analysis in relation to BET family expression, we found that BRD4 was highly expressed in the iBET-151-sensitive cell lines. We also identified WNT5B and IRS2 as potential biomarkers that are predictive for sensitivity to iBET-151. In GC xenograft model mice, iBET-151 significantly decreased tumor volumes and Ki-67 and BRD4 expression. Combination treatment showed that iBET-151 increased the sensitivity of GC cells to paclitaxel in approximately 70% of the cell lines (34/49) tested. iBET-151 plus paclitaxel significantly promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppressed c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. In GC organoids, iBET-151 and paclitaxel showed a synergistic effect. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that iBET-151 is a potential therapeutic agent for GC, especially in combination with paclitaxel, and that WNT5B and IRS2 may predict iBET-151 sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyoung Kang
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- MD Biolab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Bae
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo Hyun Kim
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yu
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juin Park
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lee PY, Lai YH, Liu PL, Liu CC, Su CC, Chiu FY, Cheng WC, Hsu SL, Cheng KC, Chiu LY, Kao TE, Lin CC, Chang YC, Wang SC, Li CY. Toxicity of amantadine hydrochloride on cultured bovine cornea endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18514. [PMID: 34531501 PMCID: PMC8445916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amantadine hydrochloride (HCl) is commonly prescribed for treating influenza A virus infection and Parkinson’s disease. Recently, several studies have indicated that the use of amantadine HCl is associated with corneal edema; however, the cytotoxic effect of amantadine HCl has not been investigated. In the present study, the effects of amantadine HCl on cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis in bovine cornea endothelial cells, and in vitro endothelial permeability were examined. Results showed that lower doses of amantadine HCl do not affect cell growth (≤ 20 μΜ), whereas higher doses of amantadine HCl inhibits cell growth (≥ 50 μΜ), induces apoptosis (2000 μΜ), increases sub-G1 phase growth arrest (2000 μΜ), causes DNA damage (≥ 1000 μΜ), and induces endothelial hyperpermeability (≥ 1000 μΜ) in bovine cornea endothelial cells; additionally, we also found that amantadine HCl attenuates the proliferation (≥ 200 μΜ) and arrests cell cycle at G1 phase (≥ 200 μΜ) in bovine cornea endothelial cells. In the present study, we measured the cytotoxic doses of amantadine HCl on cornea endothelial cells, which might be applied in evaluating the association of corneal edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, and Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Liang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81267, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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18
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Iemura K, Yoshizaki Y, Kuniyasu K, Tanaka K. Attenuated Chromosome Oscillation as a Cause of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184531. [PMID: 34572757 PMCID: PMC8470601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chromosomal instability (CIN), a condition in which chromosome missegregation occurs at high rates, is widely seen in cancer cells. Causes of CIN in cancer cells are not fully understood. A recent report suggests that chromosome oscillation, an iterative chromosome motion typically seen in metaphase around the spindle equator, is attenuated in cancer cells, and is associated with CIN. Chromosome oscillation promotes the correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments through phosphorylation of Hec1, a kinetochore protein that binds to microtubules, by Aurora A kinase residing on the spindle. In this review, we focused on this unappreciated link between chromosome oscillation and CIN. Abstract Chromosomal instability (CIN) is commonly seen in cancer cells, and related to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Among the causes of CIN, insufficient correction of erroneous kinetochore (KT)-microtubule (MT) attachments plays pivotal roles in various situations. In this review, we focused on the previously unappreciated role of chromosome oscillation in the correction of erroneous KT-MT attachments, and its relevance to the etiology of CIN. First, we provided an overview of the error correction mechanisms for KT-MT attachments, especially the role of Aurora kinases in error correction by phosphorylating Hec1, which connects MT to KT. Next, we explained chromosome oscillation and its underlying mechanisms. Then we introduced how chromosome oscillation is involved in the error correction of KT-MT attachments, based on recent findings. Chromosome oscillation has been shown to promote Hec1 phosphorylation by Aurora A which localizes to the spindle. Finally, we discussed the link between attenuated chromosome oscillation and CIN in cancer cells. This link underscores the role of chromosome dynamics in mitotic fidelity, and the mutual relationship between defective chromosome dynamics and CIN in cancer cells that can be a target for cancer therapy.
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19
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Hu L, Pan X, Hu J, Zeng H, Liu X, Jiang M, Jiang B. Proteasome inhibitors decrease paclitaxel‑induced cell death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the accumulation of CDK1/cyclin B1. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:193. [PMID: 34435645 PMCID: PMC8416144 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is a region with high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Paclitaxel is the mainstay for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. The present study investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the therapeutic effect of paclitaxel and its related mechanism. The present data from Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that appropriate concentrations of proteasome inhibitors (30 nM PS341 or 700 nM MG132) reduced the lethal effect of paclitaxel on the nasopharyngeal cancer cells. While 400 nM paclitaxel effectively inhibited cell division and induced cell death, proteasome inhibitors (PS341 30 nM or MG132 700 nM) could reverse these effects. Additionally, the western blotting results demonstrated accumulation of cell cycle regulation protein CDK1 and cyclin B1 in proteasome inhibitor-treated cells. In addition, proteasome inhibitors combined with paclitaxel led to decreased MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member/Caspase-9/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase apoptosis signaling triggered by CDK1/cyclin B1. Therefore, dysfunction of CDK1/cyclin B1 could be defining the loss of paclitaxel lethality against cancer cells, a phenomenon affirmed by the CDK1 inhibitor Ro3306. Overall, the present results demonstrated that a combination of paclitaxel with proteasome inhibitors or CDK1 inhibitors is antagonistic to effective clinical management of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Foshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Binyuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
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20
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Chiang JL, Yang YW. Modulation of the anticancer activities of paclitaxel by Cremophor micelles. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120699. [PMID: 33992713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Cremophor (CrEL) on the antineoplastic effect induced by paclitaxel (PTX). Fluorescence spectroscopy, employing pyrene as a probe, was used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CrEL. EL4 murine thymoma cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with PTX in different concentrations of CrEL. G2 arrest with 8 N polyploidy was observed in PTX-treated EL4 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis via propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that the frequency of G2 arrest decreased as the CrEL concentration exceeded 0.02% (w/v), demonstrating the effect of CrEL micelle formation on the antimitotic activity of PTX. CrEL was also shown to enhance PTX-induced cell death in vitro by Annexin V/PI staining. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with PTX in a lower concentration of CrEL resulted in higher myelosuppression, decreased both Ki-67 expression and survival rate, suggesting that CrEL micelle formation above the CMC may lower the cytotoxic activity of PTX in vivo. The data obtained in this study demonstrate CrEL micelle-mediated modulation of the cell cycle and cell death induced by PTX in vitro and the antineoplastic efficacy of PTX in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Room 423, Taipei City 10050, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Room 423, Taipei City 10050, Taiwan.
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21
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Multinucleation associated DNA damage blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:451. [PMID: 33837239 PMCID: PMC8035210 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear atypia is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Here, we perform single-cell tracking studies to determine the immediate and long-term impact of nuclear atypia. Tracking the fate of newborn cells exhibiting nuclear atypia shows that multinucleation, unlike other forms of nuclear atypia, blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells. Because ~50% of cancers display compromised p53, we explored how multinucleation blocks proliferation. Multinucleation increases 53BP1-decorated nuclear bodies (DNA damage repair platforms), along with a heterogeneous reduction in transcription and protein accumulation across the multi-nucleated compartments. Multinucleation Associated DNA Damage associated with 53BP1-bodies remains unresolved for days, despite an intact NHEJ machinery that repairs laser-induced DNA damage within minutes. Persistent DNA damage, a DNA replication block, and reduced phospho-Rb, reveal a novel replication stress independent cell cycle arrest caused by mitotic lesions. These findings call for segregating protective and prohibitive nuclear atypia to inform therapeutic approaches aimed at limiting tumour heterogeneity. Hart et al. track newborn single cells by live microscopy after inducing a variety of nuclear atypia by CENP-E inhibitor treatment. They find that that multinucleation, unlike other forms of nuclear atypia, blocks proliferation independently of p53 and is associated with persistent 53BP1 DNA damage foci, thus providing insights into the consequences of multinucleation, often observed in disease states.
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22
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Kumari A, Shriwas O, Sisodiya S, Santra MK, Guchhait SK, Dash R, Panda D. Microtubule-targeting agents impair kinesin-2-dependent nuclear transport of β-catenin: Evidence of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as an important antitumor mechanism of microtubule-targeting agents. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21539. [PMID: 33742719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002594r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An aberrant accumulation of nuclear β-catenin is closely associated with the augmentation of cancer malignancy. In this work, we report that several microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) such as vinblastine, taxol, and C12 (combretastatin-2-aminoimidazole analog) inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We showed that the inhibition of microtubule dynamics by MTAs decreased the level of β-catenin by increasing Axin and adenomatous polyposis coli levels and reducing the level of dishevelled. Furthermore, MTAs strongly reduced the localization of β-catenin in the nucleus. The reduction in the level of nuclear β-catenin was neither due to the degradation of β-catenin in the nucleus nor due to an increase in the export of nuclear β-catenin from the nucleus. A motor protein kinesin-2 was found to assist the nuclear transportation of β-catenin. Interestingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist treatment synergized with MTAs and the activators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonized with the MTAs. C12 potently suppressed the growth of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced OSCC in the tongue of C57 black 6 mice and also abrogated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the tumor. Our results provide evidence that the decrease in Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an important antitumor effect of MTAs and the combined use of MTAs with Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonists could be a promising strategy for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | | | - Shailendra Sisodiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
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23
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Gjyrezi A, Xie F, Voznesensky O, Khanna P, Calagua C, Bai Y, Kung J, Wu J, Corey E, Montgomery B, Mace S, Gianolio DA, Bubley GJ, Balk SP, Giannakakou P, Bhatt RS. Taxane resistance in prostate cancer is mediated by decreased drug-target engagement. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3287-3298. [PMID: 32478682 DOI: 10.1172/jci132184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread use of taxanes, mechanisms of action and resistance in vivo remain to be established, and there is no way of predicting who will respond to therapy. This study examined prostate cancer (PCa) xenografts and patient samples to identify in vivo mechanisms of taxane action and resistance. Docetaxel drug-target engagement was assessed by confocal anti-tubulin immunofluorescence to quantify microtubule bundling in interphase cells and aberrant mitoses. Tumor biopsies from metastatic PCa patients obtained 2 to 5 days after their first dose of docetaxel or cabazitaxel were processed to assess microtubule bundling, which correlated with clinical response. Microtubule bundling was evident in PCa xenografts 2 to 3 days after docetaxel treatment but was decreased or lost with acquired resistance. Biopsies after treatment with leuprolide plus docetaxel showed extensive microtubule bundling as did biopsies obtained 2 to 3 days after initiation of docetaxel or cabazitaxel in 2 patients with castration-resistant PCa with clinical responses. In contrast, microtubule bundling in biopsies 2 to 3 days after the first dose of docetaxel was markedly lower in 4 nonresponding patients. These findings indicate that taxanes target both mitotic and interphase cells in vivo and that resistance is through mechanisms that impair drug-target engagement. Moreover, the findings suggest that microtubule bundling after initial taxane treatment may be a predictive biomarker for clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Gjyrezi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Olga Voznesensky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Prateek Khanna
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carla Calagua
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Kung
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jim Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandrine Mace
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Glenn J Bubley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Steven P Balk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Paraskevi Giannakakou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
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24
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Kang SK, Bae HJ, Kwon WS, Che J, Kim TS, Chung HC, Rha SY. Transcriptome analysis of iBET-151, a BET inhibitor alone and in combination with paclitaxel in gastric cancer cells. Genomics Inform 2021; 18:e37. [PMID: 33412753 PMCID: PMC7808866 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2020.18.4.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BET inhibitor, as an epigenetic regulator inhibitor, reduces the expression of oncogenes such as Myc and Bcl-2, which affects cancer growth and development. However, it has modest activity because of the narrow therapeutic index. Therefore, combination therapy is necessary to increase the anti-tumor effect. Paclitaxel, an anti-mitotic inhibitor, is used as second-line therapy for gastric cancer (GC) as a monotherapy or combination. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing of GC cells treated with iBET-151 and/or paclitaxel to identify the differentially expressed genes associated with possible mechanisms of synergistic effect. We also performed Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses to determine the most enriched terms and pathways of upregulated and downregulated genes. We found 460 genes in which iBET-151 and paclitaxel combination treatment changed more than single-treatment or no-treatment. Thus, additional functional studies are needed, but our results provide the first evidence of the synergistic effect between iBET-151 and paclitaxel in regulating the transcriptome of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyoung Kang
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,MD Biolab Co., Ltd., Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Bae
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jingmin Che
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,MD Biolab Co., Ltd., Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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25
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Smith ER, Xu XX. Breaking malignant nuclei as a non-mitotic mechanism of taxol/paclitaxel. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2021; 2:86-93. [PMID: 35048083 PMCID: PMC8765745 DOI: 10.46439/cancerbiology.2.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in a large-scale screening of natural plant chemicals, Taxol/paclitaxel and the taxane family of compounds are surprisingly successful anti-cancer drugs, used in treatment of the majority of solid tumors, and especially suitable for metastatic and recurrent cancer. Paclitaxel is often used in combination with platinum agents and is administrated in a dose dense regimen to treat recurrent cancer. The enthusiasm and clinical development were prompted by the discovery that Taxol binds beta-tubulins specifically found within microtubules and stabilizes the filaments, and consequently inhibits mitosis. However, questions on how paclitaxel suppresses cancer persist, as other specific mitotic inhibitors are impressive in pre-clinical studies but fail to achieve significant clinical activity. Thus, additional mechanisms, such as promoting mitotic catastrophe and impacting non-mitotic targets, have been proposed and studied. A good understanding of how paclitaxel, and additional new microtubule stabilizing agents, kill cancer cells will advance the clinical application of these common chemotherapeutic agents. A recent study provides a potential non-mitotic mechanism of paclitaxel action, that paclitaxel-induced rigid microtubules act to break malleable cancer nuclei into multiple micronuclei. Previous studies have established that cancer cells have a less sturdy, more pliable nuclear envelope due to the loss or reduction of lamin A/C proteins. Such changes in nuclear structure provide a selectivity for paclitaxel to break the nuclear membrane and kill cancer cells over non-neoplastic cells that have a sturdier nuclear envelope. The formation of multiple micronuclei appears to be an important aspect of paclitaxel in the killing of cancer cells, either by a mitotic or non-mitotic mechanism. Additionally, by binding to microtubule, paclitaxel is readily sequestered and concentrated within cells. This unique pharmacokinetic property allows the impact of paclitaxel on cells to persist for several days, even though the circulating drug level is much reduced following drug administration/infusion. The retention of paclitaxel within cells likely is another factor contributing to the efficacy of the drugs. Overall, the new understanding of Taxol/paclitaxel killing mechanism-rigid microtubule-induced multiple micronucleation-will likely provide new strategies to overcome drug resistance and for rational drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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26
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Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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27
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Polverino F, Naso FD, Asteriti IA, Palmerini V, Singh D, Valente D, Bird AW, Rosa A, Mapelli M, Guarguaglini G. The Aurora-A/TPX2 Axis Directs Spindle Orientation in Adherent Human Cells by Regulating NuMA and Microtubule Stability. Curr Biol 2020; 31:658-667.e5. [PMID: 33275894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation is a crucial process that defines the axis of cell division, contributing to daughter cell positioning and fate, and hence to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis.1,2 The trimeric NuMA/LGN/Gαi complex, the major determinant of spindle orientation, exerts pulling forces on the spindle poles by anchoring astral microtubules (MTs) and dynein motors to the cell cortex.3,4 Mitotic kinases contribute to correct spindle orientation by regulating nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) localization,5-7 among which the Aurora-A centrosomal kinase regulates NuMA targeting to the cell cortex in metaphase.8,9 Aurora-A and its activator targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) are frequently overexpressed in cancer,10-12 raising the question as to whether spindle orientation is among the processes downstream the Aurora-A/TPX2 signaling axis altered under pathological conditions. Here, we investigated the role of TPX2 in the Aurora-A- and NuMA-dependent spindle orientation. We show that, in cultured adherent human cells, the interaction with TPX2 is required for Aurora-A to exert this function. We also show that Aurora-A, TPX2, and NuMA are part of a complex at spindle MTs, where TPX2 acts as a platform for Aurora-A regulation of NuMA. Interestingly, excess TPX2 does not influence NuMA localization but induces a "super-alignment" of the spindle axis with respect to the substrate, although an excess of Aurora-A induces spindle misorientation. These opposite effects are both linked to altered MT stability. Overall, our results highlight the importance of TPX2 for spindle orientation and suggest that spindle orientation is differentially sensitive to unbalanced levels of Aurora-A, TPX2, or the Aurora-A/TPX2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco D Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Italia A Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmerini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Divya Singh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Davide Valente
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander W Bird
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Verma P, Nagireddy PKR, Prassanawar SS, Nirmala JG, Gupta A, Kantevari S, Lopus M. 9-PAN promotes tubulin- and ROS-mediated cell death in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1585-1594. [PMID: 32959391 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the antiproliferative effect of a rationally designed, novel noscapine analogue, 9-((perfluorophenyl)methylene) aminonoscapine, '9-PAN') on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The rationally designed Schiff base-containing compound, 9-PAN, was characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectra analysis. The effect of the compound on cell viability was studied using an MTT assay. Cell cycle and cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Binding interactions of 9-PAN with tubulin were studied using spectrofluorometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were investigated using the probes, DCFDA and rhodamine-123, respectively. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to visualize cellular microtubules. KEY FINDINGS 9-PAN inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 of 20 ± 0.3 µm) and colony formation (IC50 , 6.2 ± 0.3 µm) by arresting the cells at G2 /M phase of the cell cycle. It bound to tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner without considerably altering the tertiary conformation of the protein or the polymer mass of the microtubules in vitro. The noscapinoid substantially damaged cellular microtubule network and induced cell death, facilitated by elevated levels of ROS. CONCLUSIONS 9-PAN exerts its antiproliferative effect by targeting tubulin and elevating ROS level in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Verma
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shweta Shyam Prassanawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jesuthankaraj Grace Nirmala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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29
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Cao Y, Wang J, Tian H, Fu GH. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a critical modulator of CYT997-induced autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:119. [PMID: 32576206 PMCID: PMC7310559 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a common form of malignant cancer in worldwide which has a poor prognosis. Despite recent improvements in the treatment of GC, the prognosis is not yet satisfactory for GC patients. CYT997, a novel microtubule-targeting agent, recently has been identified to be a promising anticancer candidate for the treatment of cancers; however, the effects of CYT997 in GC remain largely unknown. Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The mitochondrial ROS were detected by confocal microscope and flow cytometry. Gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to evaluate its antitumor activity of CYT997 in vivo. Results CYT997 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and triggered autophagy. CYT997 induced apoptosis through triggering intracellular mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells. ROS scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) distinctly weakened CYT997-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in GC cells. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted the effect of CYT997 on cells apoptosis. Mechanistically, CYT997 performed its function through regulation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in GC cells. In addition, CYT997 inhibited growth of gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Conclusions CYT997 induces autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer by triggering mitochondrial ROS accumulation to silence JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CYT997 might be a potential antitumor drug candidate to treat GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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30
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Connolly P, Garcia-Carpio I, Villunger A. Cell-Cycle Cross Talk with Caspases and Their Substrates. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036475. [PMID: 31727679 PMCID: PMC7263087 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caspases play central roles in mediating both cell death and inflammation. It has more recently become evident that caspases also drive other biological processes. Most prominently, caspases have been shown to be involved in differentiation. Several stem and progenitor cell types rely on caspases to initiate and execute their differentiation processes. These range from neural and glial cells, to skeletal myoblasts and osteoblasts, and several cell types of the hematopoietic system. Beyond differentiation, caspases have also been shown to play roles in other "noncanonical" processes, including cell proliferation, arrest, and senescence, thereby contributing to the mechanisms that regulate tissue homeostasis at multiple levels. Remarkably, caspases directly influence the course of the cell cycle in both a positive and negative manner. Caspases both cleave elements of the cell-cycle machinery and are themselves substrates of cell-cycle kinases. Here we aim to summarize the breadth of interactions between caspases and cell-cycle regulators. We also highlight recent developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Connolly
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Irmina Garcia-Carpio
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
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D’Amico S, Krasnowska EK, Manni I, Toietta G, Baldari S, Piaggio G, Ranalli M, Gambacurta A, Vernieri C, Di Giacinto F, Bernassola F, de Braud F, Lucibello M. DHA Affects Microtubule Dynamics Through Reduction of Phospho-TCTP Levels and Enhances the Antiproliferative Effect of T-DM1 in Trastuzumab-Resistant HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2020; 9:E1260. [PMID: 32438775 PMCID: PMC7290969 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugated to the microtubule-targeting agent emtansine (DM1). T-DM1 is an effective agent in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer whose disease has progressed on the first-line trastuzumab containing chemotherapy. However, both primary and acquired tumour resistance limit its efficacy. Increased levels of the phosphorylated form of Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein (phospho-TCTP) have been shown to be associated with a poor clinical response to trastuzumab therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. Here we show that phospho-TCTP is essential for correct mitosis in human mammary epithelial cells. Reduction of phospho-TCTP levels by dihydroartemisinin (DHA) causes mitotic aberration and increases microtubule density in the trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells HCC1954 and HCC1569. Combinatorial studies show that T-DM1 when combined with DHA is more effective in killing breast cells compared to the effect induced by any single agent. In an orthotopic breast cancer xenograft model (HCC1954), the growth of the tumour cells resumes after having achieved a complete response to T-DM1 treatment. Conversely, DHA and T-DM1 treatment induces a severe and irreversible cytotoxic effect, even after treatment interruption, thus, improving the long-term efficacy of T-DM1. These results suggest that DHA increases the effect of T-DM1 as poison for microtubules and supports the clinical development of the combination of DHA and T-DM1 for the treatment of aggressive HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Amico
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Ewa Krystyna Krasnowska
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Ranalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.d.B.)
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.d.B.)
- Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucibello
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (E.K.K.)
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Exploiting immune-dependent effects of microtubule-targeting agents to improve efficacy and tolerability of cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32398657 PMCID: PMC7217828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), like taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are tubulin-binding drugs that are very effective in the treatment of various types of cancers. In cell cultures, these drugs appear to affect assembly of the mitotic spindle and to delay progression through mitosis and this correlates with their ability to induce cell death. Their clinical efficacy is, however, limited by resistance and toxicity. For these reasons, other spindle-targeting drugs, affecting proteins such as certain kinesins like Eg5 and CENP-E, or kinases like Plk1, Aurora A and B, have been developed as an alternative to MTAs. However, these attempts have disappointed in the clinic since these drugs show poor anticancer activity and toxicity ahead of positive effects. In addition, whether efficacy of MTAs in cancer treatment is solely due to their ability to delay mitosis progression remains controversial. Here we discuss recent findings indicating that the taxane paclitaxel can promote a proinflammatory response by activation of innate immunity. We further describe how this can help adaptive antitumor immune response and suggest, on this basis and on the recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment, that a combination therapy based on low doses of taxanes and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be of high clinical advantage in terms of wide applicability, reduced toxicity, and increased antitumor response.
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Čermák V, Dostál V, Jelínek M, Libusová L, Kovář J, Rösel D, Brábek J. Microtubule-targeting agents and their impact on cancer treatment. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151075. [PMID: 32414588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that bind to microtubules and affect their properties and function. Disruption of microtubules induces various cellular responses often leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death, the most common effect of MTAs. MTAs have found a plethora of practical applications in weed control, as fungicides and antiparasitics, and particularly in cancer treatment. Here we summarize the current knowledge of MTAs, the mechanisms of action and their role in cancer treatment. We further outline the potential use of MTAs in anti-metastatic therapy based on inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The two main problems associated with cancer therapy by MTAs are high systemic toxicity and development of resistance. Toxic side effects of MTAs can be, at least partly, eliminated by conjugation of the drugs with various carriers. Moreover, some of the novel MTAs overcome the resistance mediated by both multidrug resistance transporters as well as overexpression of specific β-tubulin types. In anti-metastatic therapy, MTAs should be combined with other drugs to target all modes of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dostál
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Jelínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic.
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Matuszyk J, Klopotowska D. miR‐125b lowers sensitivity to apoptosis following mitotic arrest: Implications for breast cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6335-6344. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Matuszyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences 12 R. Weigla Street 53‐114 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences 12 R. Weigla Street 53‐114 Wroclaw Poland
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Yu TT, Chang MY, Hsieh YJ, Chang CJ. Suppression of multiple processes relevant to cancer progression by benzyl isothiocyanate may result from the inhibition of Aurora A kinase activity. Food Funct 2020; 11:9010-9019. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer properties of BITC may result from the inhibition of Aurora A kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Tung Yu
- Department of Molecular biology and Human genetics
- Tzu Chi University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ya Chang
- Institute of Medical Science
- Tzu Chi University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology
- Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jui Chang
- Department of Molecular biology and Human genetics
- Tzu Chi University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
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Wu MS, Chien CC, Jargalsaikhan G, Ilsan NA, Chen YC. Activation of PERK Contributes to Apoptosis and G 2/M Arrest by Microtubule Disruptors in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells ‡. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010097. [PMID: 31906029 PMCID: PMC7017320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, but the therapeutic responses significantly vary among different tumor types. Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticular (ER) kinase (PERK) is an ER stress kinase, and the role of PERK in the anticancer effects of MTAs is still undefined. In the present study, taxol (TAX) and nocodazole (NOC) significantly induced apoptosis with increased expression of phosphorylated PERK (pPERK; Tyr980) in four human colon cancer cell lines, including HCT-15, COLO205, HT-20, and LOVO cells. Induction of G2/M arrest by TAX and NOC with increases in phosphorylated Cdc25C and cyclin B1 protein were observed in human colon cancer cells. Application of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors SP600125 (SP) and JNK inhibitor V (JNKI) significantly reduced TAX- and NOC-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of human colon cancer cells. Interestingly, TAX- and NOC-induced pPERK (Tyr980) protein expression was inhibited by adding the JNK inhibitors, SP and JNKI, and application of the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (GSK) significantly reduced apoptosis and G2/M arrest by TAX and NOC, with decreased pPERK (Tyr980) and pJNK, phosphorylated Cdc25C, and Cyc B1 protein expressions in human colon cancer cells. Decreased viability by TAX and NOC was inhibited by knockdown of PERK using PERK siRNA in COLO205 and HCT-15 cells. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein phosphorylation (pBcl-2; Ser70) by TAX and NOC were prevented by adding the PERK inhibitor GSK and JNK inhibitor SP and JNKI. A cross-activation of JNK and PERK by TAX and NOC leading to anti-CRC actions including apoptosis and G2/M arrest was first demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterologic Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | - Noor Andryan Ilsan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, STIKes Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi 17113, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3421); Fax: +886-2-2377-8620
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Downregulation of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K-C2β delays cell division and potentiates the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:472. [PMID: 31752944 PMCID: PMC6873561 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Alteration of signalling pathways regulating cell cycle progression is a common feature of cancer cells. Several drugs targeting distinct phases of the cell cycle have been developed but the inability of many of them to discriminate between normal and cancer cells has strongly limited their clinical potential because of their reduced efficacy at the concentrations used to limit adverse side effects. Mechanisms of resistance have also been described, further affecting their efficacy. Identification of novel targets that can potentiate the effect of these drugs or overcome drug resistance can provide a useful strategy to exploit the anti-cancer properties of these agents to their fullest. Methods The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. Mitosis progression was monitored by time-lapse microscopy. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the ability of PC3 and HeLa cells to form colonies upon PI3K-C2β downregulation in the absence or presence of docetaxel. Cell multi-nucleation was assessed by immunofluorescence. Tumour growth in vivo was assessed using a xenograft model of PC3 cells upon PI3K-C2β downregulation and in combination with docetaxel. Results Downregulation of PI3K-C2β delays mitosis progression in PC3 and HeLa cells, resulting in reduced ability to form colonies in clonogenic assays in vitro. Compared to control cells, PC3 cells lacking PI3K-C2β form smaller and more compact colonies in vitro and they form tumours more slowly in vivo in the first weeks after cells implant. Stable and transient PI3K-C2β downregulation potentiates the effect of low concentrations of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. Combination of PI3K-C2β downregulation and docetaxel almost completely prevents colonies formation in clonogenic assays in vitro and strongly inhibits tumour growth in vivo. Conclusions These data reveal a novel role for the class II PI3K PI3K-C2β during mitosis progression. Furthermore, data indicate that blockade of PI3K-C2β might represent a novel strategy to potentiate the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth.
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Chi JJ, Li H, Zhou Z, Izquierdo-Ferrer J, Xue Y, Wavelet CM, Schiltz GE, Zhang B, Cristofanilli M, Lu X, Bahar I, Wan Y. A novel strategy to block mitotic progression for targeted therapy. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:40-54. [PMID: 31669221 PMCID: PMC6945239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockade of mitotic progression is an ideal approach to induce mitotic catastrophe that suppresses cancer cell expansion. Cdc20 is a critical mitotic factor governing anaphase initiation and the exit from mitosis through recruiting substrates to APC/C for degradation. Results from recent TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and pathological studies have demonstrated a pivotal oncogenic role for Cdc20-APC/C in tumor progression as well as drug resistance. Thus, deprivation of the mitotic role for Cdc20-APC/C by either inhibition of Cdc20-APC/C activity or elimination of Cdc20 protein via induced protein degradation emerges as an effective therapeutic strategy to control cancer. METHODS We designed a proteolysis targeting chimera, called CP5V, which comprises a Cdc20 ligand and VHL binding moiety bridged by a PEG5 linker that induces Cdc20 degradation. We characterized the effect of CP5V in destroying Cdc20, arresting mitosis, and inhibiting tumor progression by measuring protein degradation, 3D structure dynamics, cell cycle control, tumor cell killing and tumor inhibition using human breast cancer xenograft mouse model. FINDINGS Results from our study demonstrate that CP5V can specifically degrade Cdc20 by linking Cdc20 to the VHL/VBC complex for ubiquitination followed by proteasomal degradation. Induced degradation of Cdc20 by CP5V leads to significant inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and resensitization of Taxol-resistant cell lines. Results based on a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model show a significant role for CP5V in suppressing breast tumor progression. INTERPRETATION CP5V-mediated degradation of Cdc20 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for anti-mitotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Jack Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Hongchun Li
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Cindy M Wavelet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Chemical of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, USA.
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The LIV-1-GRPEL1 axis adjusts cell fate during anti-mitotic agent-damaged mitosis. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:26-39. [PMID: 31636012 PMCID: PMC6945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how cells respond to mitotic poisons is of great biomedical and clinical significance. However, it remains unknown how cell-death or survival is determined during exposure to anti-mitotic drugs. Methods The biological effects of SLC39A6 (LIV-1) and GrpE-like 1 (GRPEL1) on mitotic exit and apoptosis were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using flow cytometry, western blotting, xenografts and time-lapse imaging. The interactions between proteins and the ubiquitination of GRPEL1 were assessed by GST pull down, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. The expression of LIV-1 in cancers was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Findings Overexpression of LIV-1 led to direct apoptosis. Depleted for LIV-1 evade anti-mitotic agent-induced killing through a rapid exit from arrested mitosis. LIV-1 interacts with GRPEL1 and Stabilizes GRPEL1 Protein by Preventing Ubiquitylation of GRPEL1. LIV-1-GRPEL1 axis depletion works to reduce the mitotic arrest by inducing PP2A-B55α phosphates activity, while inhibit apoptosis by banding AIF and preventing the latter's release into the nucleus. Loss of function in this axis was frequent in multiple types of human epithelial cancer. Interpretation These data demonstrate that LIV-1-GRPEL1 axis dually regulates mitotic exit as well as apoptosis by interacting with PP2A B55α and AIF. Its discovery constitutes a conceptual advance for the decisive mechanism of cell fate during damaged mitosis. Fund National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Kumari A, Srivastava S, Manne RK, Sisodiya S, Santra MK, Guchhait SK, Panda D. C12, a combretastatin-A4 analog, exerts anticancer activity by targeting microtubules. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113663. [PMID: 31606408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Combretastatin A4 and its analogs are undergoing various clinical trials for the treatment of different cancers. This study illustrated the molecular mechanism and antitumor activity of C12, (5-Quinolin-3-yl and 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) substituted imidazol-2-amine), a synthetic analog of CA-4. C12 reduced the tumor volume of MCF-7 xenograft in NOD-SCID mice without affecting the bodyweight of the mice. Further, C12 inhibited the proliferation of several types of cancer cells more efficiently than their noncancerous counterparts. Using GFP-EB1 imaging, the effects of C12 on the interphase microtubule dynamics were determined in live HeLa cells. C12 (10 nM, half-maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration) reduced the growth rate of microtubules by 52% and increased the pause time of microtubules by 68%. In addition, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis demonstrated that 10 nM C12 strongly suppressed spindle microtubule dynamics in HeLa cells. C12 treatment reduced the interpolar distance between the two spindle poles, increased the chromosome congression index, inhibited chromosome movement, and increased the level of mitotic checkpoint complex proteins BubR1 and Mad2. The evidence presented here indicated that C12 could induce different modes of cell death, depending on the extent of microtubule depolymerization. Since C12 targets both the mitotic and non-mitotic cells and showed a stronger activity against cancerous cells than non-cancerous cells, it may have an advantage in cancer chemotherapy. The results significantly enhance our understanding of the antitumor mechanism of the microtubule-depolymerizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shalini Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajesh K Manne
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Shailendra Sisodiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Manas K Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Indorato RL, Talapatra SK, Lin F, Haider S, Mackay SP, Kozielski F, Skoufias DA. Is the Fate of Clinical Candidate Arry-520 Already Sealed? Predicting Resistance in Eg5–Inhibitor Complexes. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2394-2406. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sawant AV, Srivastava S, Prassanawar SS, Bhattacharyya B, Panda D. Crocin, a carotenoid, suppresses spindle microtubule dynamics and activates the mitotic checkpoint by binding to tubulin. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:32-45. [PMID: 30710515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crocin, a constituent of the saffron spice, exhibits promising antitumor activity in animal models and also inhibits the proliferation of several types of cancer cells in culture. Recently, we have shown that crocin binds to purified tubulin at the vinblastine site, depolymerizes microtubules and induces a mitotic block in cultured cells. Here, we extend our previous suggestion and explore the cellular effects of crocin to further understand its mechanism of action. In a kinetic study, we observed that the crocin-induced depolymerization of microtubules preceded both DNA damage and reactive oxygen species generation indicating that depolymerizing microtubules is the primary action of crocin. Crocin also inhibited the growth of cold-depolymerized microtubules in HeLa cells indicating that it can inhibit microtubule dynamics. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, crocin was found to suppress the spindle microtubule dynamics in live HeLa cells. Further, crocin treatment resulted in activation of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins, BubR1 and Mad2. Similar to other microtubule-targeting agents, crocin also perturbed the localization of end-binding protein EB1 from the growing microtubule ends and enhanced the acetylation of remaining microtubules. Further, crocin was found to bind to purified tubulin with a dissociation constant of 12 ± 1.5 μM. The results suggested that crocin exerted its antiproliferative effect primarily by inhibiting the assembly and dynamics of microtubules. Importantly, the combination of crocin with known anticancer agents like combretastatin A-4, cisplatin, doxorubicin or sorafenib, exerted a strong synergistic cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells indicating that crocin may enhance the effectiveness of other anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishkar V Sawant
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shalini Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shweta S Prassanawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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43
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Abstract
Tischer and Gergely review the cell biology behind microtubule poisons and their clinical use in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tischer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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44
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Mann BJ, Wadsworth P. Kinesin-5 Regulation and Function in Mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Abd elhameid MK, Ryad N, MY AS, mohammed MR, Ismail MM, El Meligie S. Design, Synthesis and Screening of 4,6-Diaryl Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Molecules. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:939-952. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Ryad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology
| | - Al-Shorbagy MY
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
- School of pharmacy, Newgiza University
| | - Manal R. mohammed
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology
| | - Mohammed M. Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology
| | - Salwa El Meligie
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
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46
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Jun HJ, Appleman VA, Wu HJ, Rose CM, Pineda JJ, Yeo AT, Delcuze B, Lee C, Gyuris A, Zhu H, Woolfenden S, Bronisz A, Nakano I, Chiocca EA, Bronson RT, Ligon KL, Sarkaria JN, Gygi SP, Michor F, Mitchison TJ, Charest A. A PDGFRα-driven mouse model of glioblastoma reveals a stathmin1-mediated mechanism of sensitivity to vinblastine. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3116. [PMID: 30082792 PMCID: PMC6078993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer that includes focal amplification of PDGFRα and for which there are no effective therapies. Herein, we report the development of a genetically engineered mouse model of GBM based on autocrine, chronic stimulation of overexpressed PDGFRα, and the analysis of GBM signaling pathways using proteomics. We discover the tubulin-binding protein Stathmin1 (STMN1) as a PDGFRα phospho-regulated target, and that this mis-regulation confers sensitivity to vinblastine (VB) cytotoxicity. Treatment of PDGFRα-positive mouse and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GBMs with VB in mice prolongs survival and is dependent on STMN1. Our work reveals a previously unconsidered link between PDGFRα activity and STMN1, and highlight an STMN1-dependent cytotoxic effect of VB in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jun
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vicky A Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Javier J Pineda
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alan T Yeo
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aron Gyuris
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haihao Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Steve Woolfenden
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35243, USA
| | - Ennio A Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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47
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Mitchison TJ, Pineda J, Shi J, Florian S. Is inflammatory micronucleation the key to a successful anti-mitotic cancer drug? Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170182. [PMID: 29142107 PMCID: PMC5717346 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a successful anti-cancer drug that kills cancer cells in two-dimensional culture through perturbation of mitosis, but whether it causes tumour regression by anti-mitotic actions is controversial. Drug candidates that specifically target mitosis, including inhibitors of kinesin-5, AurkA, AurkB and Plk1, disappointed in the clinic. Current explanations for this discrepancy include pharmacokinetic differences and hypothetical interphase actions of paclitaxel. Here, we discuss post-mitotic micronucleation as a special activity of taxanes that might explain their higher activity in solid tumours. We review data showing that cells which exit mitosis in paclitaxel are highly micronucleated and suffer post-mitotic DNA damage, and that these effects are much stronger for paclitaxel than kinesin-5 inhibitors. We propose that post-mitotic micronucleation promotes inflammatory signalling via cGAS–STING and other pathways. In tumours, this signalling may recruit cytotoxic leucocytes, damage blood vessels and prime T-cell responses, leading to whole-tumour regression. We discuss experiments that are needed to test the micronucleation hypothesis, and its implications for novel anti-mitotic targets and enhancement of taxane-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Pineda
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Shi
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, HK, Hong Kong
| | - S Florian
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Lorz A, Botesteanu DA, Levy D. Universal response in the RKO colon cancer cell line to distinct antimitotic therapies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8979. [PMID: 29895957 PMCID: PMC5997697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both classic and newer antimitotics commonly induce a prolonged mitotic arrest in cell culture. During arrest, cells predominantly undergo one of two fates: cell death by apoptosis, or mitotic slippage and survival. To refine this binary description, a quantitative understanding of these cell responses is needed. Herein, we propose a quantitative description of the kinetics of colon carcinoma RKO cell fates in response to different antimitotics, using data from the single cell experiments of Gascoigne and Taylor (2008). The mathematical model is calibrated using the in vitro experiments of Gascoigne and Taylor (2008). We show that the time-dependent probability of cell death or slippage is universally identical for monastrol, nocodazole and two different doses of AZ138, but significantly different for taxol. Death and slippage responses across drugs can be characterized by Gamma distributions. We demonstrate numerically that these rates increase with prolonged mitotic arrest. Our model demonstrates that RKO cells exhibit a triphasic response - first, remain in mitosis, then undergo fast and slow transition, respectively- dependent on the length of mitotic arrest and irrespective of cell fate, drug type or dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lorz
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité mixte de recherche 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France
| | - Dana-Adriana Botesteanu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Discovery ADME, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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49
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Haschka M, Karbon G, Fava LL, Villunger A. Perturbing mitosis for anti-cancer therapy: is cell death the only answer? EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45440. [PMID: 29459486 PMCID: PMC5836099 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfering with mitosis for cancer treatment is an old concept that has proven highly successful in the clinics. Microtubule poisons are used to treat patients with different types of blood or solid cancer since more than 20 years, but how these drugs achieve clinical response is still unclear. Arresting cells in mitosis can promote their demise, at least in a petri dish. Yet, at the molecular level, this type of cell death is poorly defined and cancer cells often find ways to escape. The signaling pathways activated can lead to mitotic slippage, cell death, or senescence. Therefore, any attempt to unravel the mechanistic action of microtubule poisons will have to investigate aspects of cell cycle control, cell death initiation in mitosis and after slippage, at single-cell resolution. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling cell death in mitosis or after escape from mitotic arrest, as well as secondary consequences of mitotic errors, particularly sterile inflammation, and finally address the question how clinical efficacy of anti-mitotic drugs may come about and could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Haschka
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Karbon
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca L Fava
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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50
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Zumbar CT, Usubalieva A, King PD, Li X, Mifsud CS, Dalton HM, Sak M, Urio S, Bryant WM, McElroy JP, Farmer G, Lehman NL. The CNS penetrating taxane TPI 287 and the AURKA inhibitor alisertib induce synergistic apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:481-492. [PMID: 29396807 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly malignant disease in critical need of expanded treatment options. The AURKA inhibitor alisertib exhibits antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Unlike current clinically used taxane drugs, the novel taxane TPI 287 penetrates the CNS. We tested for interactions between three selective AURKA inhibitors and TPI 287 against standard U87 and U1242 cells and primary glioblastoma neurospheres using colony formation assays. Bliss and Chou-Talalay analyses were utilized to statistically test for synergism. Morphological analysis, flow cytometry and annexin V binding were employed to examine cell cycle and apoptotic effects of these drug combinations. TPI 287 not only potentiated the cytotoxicity of the AURKA inhibitors alisertib, MLN8054 and TC-A2317, but was often potently synergistic. Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the combined effects of alisertib and TPI 287 consistently revealed synergistic induction of apoptosis. While each agent alone induces a mitotic block, slippage occurs allowing some tumor cells to avoid apoptosis. Combination treatment greatly attenuated mitotic slippage, committing the majority of cells to apoptosis. Alisertib and TPI 287 demonstrate significant synergism against glioblastoma cells largely attributable to a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis. These results provide compelling rationale for clinical testing of alisertib and/or other AURKA inhibitors for potential combination use with TPI 287 against glioblastoma and other CNS neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Zumbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aisulu Usubalieva
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul D King
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Caroline S Mifsud
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hailey M Dalton
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Muge Sak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sara Urio
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William M Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Norman L Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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