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Zhao Y, Zhao X, Jiang T, Xi H, Jiang Y, Feng X. A Retrospective Review on Dysregulated Autophagy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies. Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 38565184 DOI: 10.1055/a-2280-7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between autophagy and the pathological mechanism of PCOS, and to find potential therapeutic methods that can alleviate the pathological mechanism of PCOS by targeting autophagy. Relevant literatures were searched in the following databases, including: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus. The search terms were "autophagy", "PCOS", "polycystic ovary syndrome", "ovulation", "hyperandrogenemia", "insulin resistance", "inflammatory state", "circadian rhythm" and "treatment", which were combined according to the retrieval methods of different databases. Through analysis, we uncovered that abnormal levels of autophagy were closely related to abnormal ovulation, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and low-grade inflammation in patients with PCOS. Lifestyle intervention, melatonin, vitamin D, and probiotics, etc. were able to improve the pathological mechanism of PCOS via targeting autophagy. In conclusion, autophagy disorder is a key pathological mechanism in PCOS and is also a potential target for drug development and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Chesnokov MS, Mamedova AR, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:31. [PMID: 38509545 PMCID: PMC10956231 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and morphological rearrangements of ovarian tissue, including follicular development and degeneration, and the formation and subsequent atrophy of the corpus luteum. The flawless execution of these reiterative processes is impossible without the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD). MAIN TEXT PCD is crucial for efficient and careful clearance of excessive, depleted, or obsolete ovarian structures for ovarian cycling. Moreover, PCD facilitates selection of high-quality oocytes and formation of the ovarian reserve during embryonic and juvenile development. Disruption of PCD regulation can heavily impact the ovarian functions and is associated with various pathologies, from a moderate decrease in fertility to severe hormonal disturbance, complete loss of reproductive function, and tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide updated information on the role of PCD in various processes occurring in normal and pathologic ovaries. Three major events of PCD in the ovary-progenitor germ cell depletion, follicular atresia, and corpus luteum degradation-are described, alongside the detailed information on molecular regulation of these processes, highlighting the contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Ultimately, the current knowledge of PCD aberrations associated with pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and tumors of ovarian origin, is outlined. CONCLUSION PCD is an essential element in ovarian development, functions and pathologies. A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating PCD events is required for future advances in the diagnosis and management of various disorders of the ovary and the female reproductive system in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Chesnokov
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aygun R Mamedova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Zhu JR, Zhu WJ, Li T, Ou JP. Autophagy activity is increased in the cumulus cells of women with poor ovarian response. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:205-213. [PMID: 38485316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the autophagy status of cumulus cells (CCs) in women with poor ovarian response (POR). MATERIALS AND METHODS CCs were divided into normal ovarian response (NOR) group and POR group. The ultrastructure of autophagy was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (NOR: n = 18, POR: n = 26). The mRNA and protein of autophagy markers were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (NOR: n = 15, POR: n = 19) and Western blotting (NOR: n = 41, POR: n = 38), respectively. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated abundant autophagosomes and even autophagic death in the POR group. There were no differences in LC3 and P62 mRNA expression between the two groups (p > 0.05). The BCL2 mRNA expression was lower in the POR group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LC3 II/I ratio and the P62 protein expression were significantly higher in the POR group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Autophagy in CCs of POR women is activated and the autophagic flux is blocked. The up-regulation of autophagy in CCs may be related to the pathogenesis of POR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Ou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ji R, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Chen X, Yin T, Yang J. BOP1 contributes to the activation of autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome via nucleolar stress response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:101. [PMID: 38409361 PMCID: PMC10896891 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal autophagy is one of the vital features in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Block of Proliferation 1 (BOP1) is involved in the onset of autophagy activation of granulosa cells in PCOS. Firstly, we found that BOP1 expression was significantly down-regulated in the ovaries of PCOS mice, which was associated with the development of PCOS. Next, local injection of lentiviral vectors in the ovary for the overexpression of BOP1 significantly alleviated the phenotypes of elevated androgens, disturbed estrous cycle, and abnormal follicular development in PCOS mice. Subsequently, we found that knockdown of BOP1 activated autophagy of granulosa cells in the in vitro experiments, whereas overexpression of BOP1 inhibited autophagy in both in vivo and in vitro models. Mechanistically, BOP1 knockdown triggered the nucleolus stress response, which caused RPL11 to be released from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm and inhibited the E3 ubiquitination ligase of MDM2, thereby enhancing the stability of p53. Subsequently, P53 inhibited mTOR, thereby activating autophagy in granulosa cells. In addition, the mRNA level of BOP1 was negatively correlated with antral follicle count (AFC), body-mass index (BMI), serum androgen levels, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in patients with PCOS. In summary, our study demonstrates that BOP1 downregulation inhibits mTOR phosphorylation through activation of the p53-dependent nucleolus stress response, which subsequently contributes to aberrant autophagy in granulosa cells, revealing that BOP1 may be a key target for probing the mechanisms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ji
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimo Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
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Huang Q, Li Y, Chen Z, Ou H, Tan Y, Lin H. Bushenhuoluo Decoction improves polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating exosomal miR-30a-5p/ SOCS3/mTOR/NLRP3 signaling-mediated autophagy and pyroptosis. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:29. [PMID: 38302986 PMCID: PMC10832128 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent and complicated endocrine disease that remains a major reason for infertility. Bushenhuoluo Decotion (BSHLD) has been validated to exhibit curative effects on PCOS. This study was aimed to explore the potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of BSHLD. METHODS PCOS rat model was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Serum hormone and cytokines levels and ovarian pathological alterations were measured to assess ovarian function. Exosomes (Exos) were identified by Transmission electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect molecule expressions. Proliferation and pyroptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The binding relationship between miR-30a-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was verified by dual luciferase reporter and RIP assays. RESULTS BSHLD treatment improved serum hormone abnormality, insulin sensitivity, and ovarian morphologic changes of PCOS rats. Moreover, BSHLD treatment restrained the excessive autophagy and pyroptosis in ovarian tissues of PCOS rats. Moreover, BSHLD reduced the expression of miR-30a-5p in serum, serum-derived Exos, and ovarian tissues, thus inhibiting autophagy and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in GCs. Mechanistically, SOCS3 was proved as a target of miR-30a-5p and could activate mTOR/P70S6K pathway to repress autophagy. The inhibitory effect of miR-30a-5p deficiency on autophagy and pyroptosis of GCs was attenuated by rapamycin. CONCLUSION Collectively, BSHLD suppressed autophagy and pyroptosis to improve POCS by regulating exosomal miR-30a-5p/SOCS3/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, No. 88 Zhihui Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, No. 88 Zhihui Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, No. 88 Zhihui Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Tan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, No. 88 Zhihui Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, 412012, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Hu W, Xie N, Pan M, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Wang F, Qu F. Chinese herbal medicine alleviates autophagy and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells induced by testosterone through PI3K/AKT1/FOXO1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117025. [PMID: 37567425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine and metabolic disorder. Chinese herbal medicine has some advantages in the treatment of PCOS with its unique theoretical system and rich clinical practice experiences. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi Formula (BSJPF) on the treatment of PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) rapid analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis and bio-experiments were firstly conducted to identify the main effective components of BSJPF, and to predict the potential mechanisms. The ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) was treated with testosterone to construct the PCOS model in vitro, and the cells were further treated with the lyophilized powder of BSJPF. The levels of proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis were detected to explore the mechanisms of BSJPF on treating PCOS. RESULTS Firstly, thirty-six active compounds were identified in BSJPF and thirty-one potential targets on PCOS were found. Then, PI3K and PDK1 were verified to have good binding activity with the active compounds through molecular docking analysis. In bio-experiments, BSJPF significantly alleviated the arrested proliferation of KGN cells in G0/G1 phase and reduced the active levels of autophagy and apoptosis of KGN cells induced by testosterone. Additionally, the inhibition of autophagy diminished apoptosis, while the repression apoptosis enhanced autophagy. Finally, BSJPF significantly decreased the FOXO1 expression levels induced by testosterone, especially for nuclear FOXO1, and significantly activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS BSJPF significantly alleviated the activated autophagy and apoptosis in KGN induced by testosterone through PI3K/AKT1/FOXO1pathway, which is an effective treatment for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Hu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manman Pan
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhejiang Vocational College of Special Education, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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ÇATAL A, KOVALAK EE. Evaluation of sestrin 2 and tribbles homolog 3 levels in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1697-1703. [PMID: 38813505 PMCID: PMC10760568 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of two new biomarkers [tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) and sestrin 2 levels], which were previously associated with obesity, with metabolic parameters in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods This cross-sectional case control study was conducted between September 2017 and August 2019 in the gynecology department of a tertiary referral hospital. The values of the plasma sestrin 2, TRB3, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared in 90 obese women with PCOS (BMI > 30), 90 women with nonobese PCOS (BMI < 30), and 90 control patients (BMI < 30). Results The mean age of the study group consisting of all PCOS patients (26.11 ± 4.64 years) and the mean age of the control group (26.3 ± 4.4 years) were statistically similar (p = 0.239). The serum sestrin 2 values of the obese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the control and non-obese PCOS groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001), while the sestrin 2 values of the nonobese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.0001). The TRB3 values of the control group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the obese and nonobese PCOS groups (p = 0.0001), while the TRB3 values of the nonobese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the obese PCOS group (p = 0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between the sestrin 2 level and BMI (r = -0.272 p = 0.0001), insulin (r = -0.261 p = 0.0001), and HOMA-IR levels (r = -0.250 p = 0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between the TRB3 values and TG (r = 0.248 p = 0.0001), and LDL-C values (r = 0.235 p = 0.0001). Conclusion According to the findings in this study, low sestrin 2 and high TRB3 levels may be related to impaired metabolic status in the obese PCOS group. Thus, it may be promising for the development of treatment of PCOS and associated metabolic disorder in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül ÇATAL
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Evrim Ebru KOVALAK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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Biglari-Zadeh G, Sargazi S, Mohammadi M, Ghasemi M, Majidpour M, Saravani R, Mirinejad S. Relationship Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Cell Cycle Regulatory Gene TP53 and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study and In Silico Analyses. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1827-1849. [PMID: 36856940 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic condition with several potential causes. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of PCOS that often coexists with hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, being overweight, and hormonal imbalances. The functioning of multiple replication and transcription factors is regulated by tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), which play a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity and controlling the cell cycle of granulosa cells. In the present study, we examined how three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TP53, a cell cycle regulatory gene, affect the risk of developing PCOS in a sample of an Iranian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200 PCOS patients and 200 healthy women to analyze TP53 rs17880604, rs1625895, and rs1042522 SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings revealed that the majority of PCOS cases were overweight [25 < body mass index (BMI) < 30]. A positive association was observed between the TP53 rs1042522 SNP and the risk of PCOS under codominant heterozygous and overdominant genetic patterns (odds ratio > 1). Meanwhile, a negative association was observed between TP53 SNPs (rs1625895, rs17880604) and susceptibility to PCOS under codominant heterozygous and dominant models of inheritance (odds ratio < 1). Moreover, different genotype and haplotype combinations of rs17880604/rs1625895/rs1042522 conferred a decreased risk of PCOS in our population. We found no statistical difference in the frequency of TP53 genotypes between PCOS cases and/or controls in terms of BMI, waist circumference, prolactin level, and markers of lipid and carbohydrate profile (P > 0.05). Molecular dynamic prediction showed that the missense substitution in the 17p13.1 position (rs1042522) could change the properties and secondary structure of the p53 protein. As inherited risk factors, TP53 variations may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PCOS among Iranian women. Replicated population-based studies on other ethnicities are required to find the genetic contribution of variants of TP53, or SNPs located in other TSGs, to the etiology of this endocrine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Biglari-Zadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Malihe Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghasemi
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Moloud Infertility Center, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
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Stringer JM, Alesi LR, Winship AL, Hutt KJ. Beyond apoptosis: evidence of other regulated cell death pathways in the ovary throughout development and life. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:434-456. [PMID: 36857094 PMCID: PMC10320496 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated cell death is a fundamental component of numerous physiological processes; spanning from organogenesis in utero, to normal cell turnover during adulthood, as well as the elimination of infected or damaged cells throughout life. Quality control through regulation of cell death pathways is particularly important in the germline, which is responsible for the generation of offspring. Women are born with their entire supply of germ cells, housed in functional units known as follicles. Follicles contain an oocyte, as well as specialized somatic granulosa cells essential for oocyte survival. Follicle loss-via regulated cell death-occurs throughout follicle development and life, and can be accelerated following exposure to various environmental and lifestyle factors. It is thought that the elimination of damaged follicles is necessary to ensure that only the best quality oocytes are available for reproduction. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Understanding the precise factors involved in triggering and executing follicle death is crucial to uncovering how follicle endowment is initially determined, as well as how follicle number is maintained throughout puberty, reproductive life, and ovarian ageing in women. Apoptosis is established as essential for ovarian homeostasis at all stages of development and life. However, involvement of other cell death pathways in the ovary is less established. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature on cell death regulators in the ovary, with a particular focus on non-apoptotic pathways and their functions throughout the discrete stages of ovarian development and reproductive life. SEARCH METHODS Comprehensive literature searches were carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar for human, animal, and cellular studies published until August 2022 using the following search terms: oogenesis, follicle formation, follicle atresia, oocyte loss, oocyte apoptosis, regulated cell death in the ovary, non-apoptotic cell death in the ovary, premature ovarian insufficiency, primordial follicles, oocyte quality control, granulosa cell death, autophagy in the ovary, autophagy in oocytes, necroptosis in the ovary, necroptosis in oocytes, pyroptosis in the ovary, pyroptosis in oocytes, parthanatos in the ovary, and parthanatos in oocytes. OUTCOMES Numerous regulated cell death pathways operate in mammalian cells, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. However, our understanding of the distinct cell death mediators in each ovarian cell type and follicle class across the different stages of life remains the source of ongoing investigation. Here, we highlight recent evidence for the contribution of non-apoptotic pathways to ovarian development and function. In particular, we discuss the involvement of autophagy during follicle formation and the role of autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and parthanatos during follicle atresia, particularly in response to physiological stressors (e.g. oxidative stress). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Improved knowledge of the roles of each regulated cell death pathway in the ovary is vital for understanding ovarian development, as well as maintenance of ovarian function throughout the lifespan. This information is pertinent not only to our understanding of endocrine health, reproductive health, and fertility in women but also to enable identification of novel fertility preservation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Stringer
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren R Alesi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy L Winship
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Ren Y, Ye Y, Xuan F, Chen A, Jin R, Zhou W, Lu J. The effect of sitagliptin combined with rosiglitazone on autophagy and inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100763. [PMID: 37075562 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder. Sitagliptin (Sit) and rosiglitazone (Ros) are widely used to treat PCOS, but the mechanism is unclear. This study explored the mechanism that Sit and Ros inhibited autophagy and inflammation in PCOS. In this study, 50 female SD rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): control, PCOS, Sit, Ros, and Sit+Ros group. The body weight and ovarian weight were measured 2 h after the last administration, and fasting blood glucose, insulin levels were determined. Lipid metabolism and pathological changes were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer and HE staining. Sex hormone, oxidative stress and inflammatory levels were detected by ELISA. PCR detected IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ATG3, and ATG12 mRNA. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/NF-κB pathway and autophagy-related proteins were detected by western blot. Finally, the number of autophagolysosomes was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Sit or Ros alone reduced body weight, ovarian weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels in PCOS rats. It also improved lipid metabolism, sex hormone levels, oxidative stress and pathological changes, restored the estrous cycle, and corpus luteum quantity. In addition, it could reduce the levels of IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ATG3, and ATG12 mRNA, inhibit the expression of Beclin1, LC3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway proteins. The Sit+Ros group was more effective than single administration. In conclusion, Sit+Ros inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/NF-κB pathways, thereby inhibiting the autophagy and inflammation of PCOS rats, which will provide a theoretical basis for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Yongju Ye
- Department of Gynaecology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Feilan Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Aixue Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Changxing People's Hospital of Chongming District, Shanghai 201913, China
| | - Ruiying Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Weimei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
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11
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Han S, Li H, Lu R, Feng J, Tang K, Li S, Lin J. Effect and mechanism of pearl on ovarian function of rats with premature ovarian failure induced by tripterygium glycosides. J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
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12
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Xu C, Luo M, Liu X, Wei T, Zhou Z, Li C, He Z, Sui H. MicroRNA-1298-5p in granulosa cells facilitates cell autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome by suppressing glutathione-disulfide reductase. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03747-9. [PMID: 36781484 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of miR-1298-5p in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Granulosa cells were isolated from follicular fluid of patients with PCOS and healthy women, and the expression of miR-1298-5p and glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) mRNA in these cells was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Clinical data were obtained from all subjects, and reproductive hormones and endocrine indices were assayed to analyze the correlation between miR-1298-5p and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PCOS. Following transfection with the miR-1298-5p mimic or inhibitor and/or pcDNA3.1-GSR, LC3 immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate autophagy in the COV434 human granulosa cell line. Additionally, western blotting was performed to detect LC3-II, Beclin 1, and p62 protein levels in COV434 cells. The interaction between miR-1298-5p and GSR was also examined. A PCOS rat model was established and injected with the miR-1298-5p antagomir, followed by measurement of body and ovary weights, histological examination, and autophagosome observation. The protein expression levels of GSR, LC3-II, Beclin 1, and p62 were determined in rat ovaries. miR-1298-5p was expressed at a high level, and GSR was downregulated in granulosa cells from patients with PCOS. In COV434 cells, miR-1298-5p inversely mediated GSR expression, and miR-1298-5p mimic transfection promoted autophagy, whereas GSR overexpression blocked miR-1298-5p mimic-promoted autophagy. In PCOS rats, miR-1298-5p inhibition reduced autophagy and alleviated abnormalities in follicular development. Overall, miR-1298-5p enhances autophagy in granulosa cells by downregulating GSR, thereby affecting PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center, Nanning Second People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changze Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jiang D, Sun Q, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Kang L, Wang Z, Wang X, An X, Ji C, Ling W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Kang B. Effects of exogenous spermidine on autophagy and antioxidant capacity in ovaries and granulosa cells of Sichuan white geese. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad301. [PMID: 37698248 PMCID: PMC10588823 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can inhibit ovarian senescence induced by oxidative stress and regulate follicle development and atresia, but its mechanism is still unclear. Exogenous spermidine can induce autophagy and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this experiment, oxidative stress in Sichuan white geese ovaries and follicular granulosa cells (GCs) was caused by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) and spermidine was added to explore the effect of exogenous spermidine inducing autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Research results showed that putrescine, spermidine and spermine contents in goose ovaries in the group treated with spermidine combined with 3-NPA were 2.70, 1.94, and 1.70 times higher than those in the group treated with 3-NPA, respectively (P < 0.05). The contents of spermidine and spermine in GCs were 1.37 and 0.89 times higher in the spermidine in combination with the 3-NPA group than in the 3-NPA group, respectively (P < 0.05). LC3 and p62 were mainly expressed in the follicular granulosa layer. The LC3-II/I ratio and p62 level in GCs in the spermidine combined with 3-NPA treatment group were 1.37 and 0.77 times higher than that of the 3-NPA treatment group, respectively (P < 0.05). 3-NPA treatment significantly increased ROS level and the apoptosis rate in GCs, while the combined treatment of spermidine and 3-NPA reversed this change (P < 0.05). In conclusion, spermidine alleviated the oxidative damage induced by 3-NPA by improving the antioxidant capacity of ovaries and follicular GCs of Sichuan white geese and may be alleviated by inducing autophagy in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weikang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Tong C, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y. Insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Association with PI3K signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1091147. [PMID: 36589825 PMCID: PMC9800521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease in which endocrine metabolic abnormalities coexist with reproductive system abnormalities, with the main clinical manifestations including abnormal menstruation, hirsutism, acne, infertility, and obesity, and it is also a high risk for the development of many pregnancy complications, gynecological malignancies and other diseases. Therefore, timely intervention to prevent the progression of PCOS is of great significance for improving the quality of life of most female patients. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in PCOS patients, with approximately 75% of PCOS patients experiencing varying degrees of IR. It is now believed that it is mainly related to the PI3K signaling pathway. The role of autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in the pathogenesis of PCOS has also been gradually verified in recent years. Coincidentally, it also seems to be associated with the PI3K signaling pathway. Our aim is to review these relevant studies, to explore the association between the IR, cellular autophagy and apoptosis in PCOS patients and the PI3K pathway. We summarize some of the drug studies that have improved PCOS as well. We have also found that proteomics holds great promise in exploring the pathogenesis of PCOS, and we have published our views on this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Cong J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, He H, Wang M. Anti-polycystic ovary syndrome effect of electroacupuncture: IMD inhibits ER stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102503. [PMID: 36289764 PMCID: PMC9598769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
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Liu J, Shi D, Ma Q, Zhao P. Yangjing Zhongyu decoction facilitates mitochondrial activity, estrogenesis, and energy metabolism in H 2O 2-induced human granulosa cell line KGN. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115398. [PMID: 35605921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANT Yangjing Zhongyu decoction (YJZYD) is a recipe from a Chinese classic medical work and has been empirically used in female infertility for hundreds of years, but the mechanisms of YJZYD on facilitating ovarian granulosa cells remain unfold. AIM OF THE RESEARCH The purpose of the study is to determine the rewarding effects of YJZYD on H2O2-induced KGN cells, involving mitochondrial activity, estradiol biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ingredients of YJZYD were investigated by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The effects of YJZYD and H2O2 on cell viability were determined by CCK-8. Intracellular ROS were assessed by DCFH-DA. Intracellular Ca2+ was detected using Fura-4 AM. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by JC-1. The production of energy was assessed by ATP. Apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of proteins related to energy metabolism, apoptosis, mitochondrial mitophagy, and estrogen biosynthesis. E2 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS 121 compounds were identified in YJZYD by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. YJZYD could enhance mitochondrial activity by suppressing intracellular ROS and Ca2+, and increasing MMP and ATP content. YJZYD stimulated the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and lowered the early apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax. Besides, YJZYD rescued E2 secretion and improved the expression of FSHR, CYP19A1, and the ratio of p-CREB/CREB. In addition, YJZYD weakened H2O2-induced mitophagy by compromising the expression of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 and P62. Moreover, YJZYD strengthened energy metabolism by increasing ATP generation and the expression of SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1, and COX IV. The combination of YJZYD and autophagy inhibitor had a stronger protective effect on energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study evaluated the protective effects of YJZYD on H2O2-induced KGN cells. YJZYD could enhance mitochondrial activity, E2 biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. These results strongly indicated that YJZYD might play a role in preserving ovarian granulosa cells and female fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Danning Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qihong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Piwen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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18
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Wu M, Zhang J, Gu R, Dai F, Yang D, Zheng Y, Tan W, Jia Y, Li B, Cheng Y. The role of Sirtuin 1 in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:158. [PMID: 36030228 PMCID: PMC9419382 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common multifactor heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age. PCOS is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by reproductive disorders, metabolic disorders, and mental health problems that seriously impact the physical and mental health of patients. At present, new studies suggest that human evolution leads to the body changes and the surrounding environment mismatch adaptation, but the understanding of the disease is still insufficient, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the Sirtuin family, is expressed in various cells and plays a crucial role in cell energy conversion and physiological metabolism. Pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant stress and insulin resistance play a crucial role. Moreover, SIRT1 participates in the pathophysiological processes of oxidative stress, autophagy, ovulation disturbance and insulin resistance, which may be a vital link in the occurrence of PCOS. Hence, the study of the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of PCOS and related complications will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS and supply a basis for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mali Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Department of Pain, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Xu B, Dai W, Liu L, Han H, Zhang J, Du X, Pei X, Fu X. Metformin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model by decreasing excessive autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Endocr J 2022; 69:863-875. [PMID: 35228471 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease accompanied by a variety of clinical features, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian abnormalities, resulting in infertility. PCOS affects approximately 6%-15% of all reproductive-age women worldwide. Metformin, a popular drug used to treat PCOS in patients, has beneficial effects in reducing hyperandrogenism and inducing ovulation; however, the mechanisms by which metformin ameliorates PCOS are not clear. Hence, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of metformin in treating PCOS. In the present study, we first treated a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model with metformin, detected the pathological recovery of PCOS, and then assessed the effects of metformin on H2O2-induced autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) by detecting the level of oxidative stress and the expression of autophagy-associated proteins and key proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We demonstrated that metformin ameliorated PCOS in a rat model by downregulating autophagy in GCs, and metformin decreased the levels of oxidative stress and autophagy in H2O2-induced GCs and affected the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that metformin ameliorates PCOS in a rat model by decreasing excessive autophagy in GCs via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and this study provides evidence for targeted reduction of excessive autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells and improvement of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hang Han
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Guo J, Zeng H, Li T, Liang X, Peng J. mRNA, lncRNA and Circular RNA Expression Profiles in Granulosa Cells of Infertile Women with Ovarian Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2937-2946. [PMID: 35799021 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore the expression profiles of mRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and construct the competitive endogenous RNA networks in granulosa cells (GCs) of infertile women with ovarian endometriosis. RNA sequencing was conducted for RNA expression profiling from GCs of five women with ovarian endometriosis and five with tubal factor infertility. The differential expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs was compared. Then, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed. Finally, the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were performed to determine the role of the differential expression of mRNA. A total of 12,498 mRNAs, 724 lncRNAs and 2269 circRNAs were identified in ovarian endometriosis and controls. 37 mRNAs, 51 lncRNAs and 101 circRNAs were detected to be differentially expressed in women with ovarian endometriosis. Ten lncRNAs and 22 differentially expressed mRNAs were selected to build the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, while 12 circRNAs and four differentially expressed mRNAs were selected to build the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO analysis suggested that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in regulation of cell differentiation, cell cycle while KEGG pathway analysis showed that pathways involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway were enriched with differentially upregulated mRNAs. We generated mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs expression profiles and identified differentially expressed RNAs of GCs in infertile women with ovarian endometriosis. These findings provide a basis for further understanding of the underlying etiology of endometriosis-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jintao Peng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li T, Dong G, Kang Y, Zhang M, Sheng X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Kong N, Sun H. Increased homocysteine regulated by androgen activates autophagy by suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10875-10888. [PMID: 35485387 PMCID: PMC9208444 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of excess homocysteine in relation to autophagic activity in the ovarian tissue of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with hyperandrogenism.A PCOS model was constructed using ICR mice. ELISA was used to detect the Hcy levels in the serum and ovarian tissues of PCOS model. The expression level of key enzymes (Methionine synthase and Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, MTR and BHMT) in homocysteine metabolism and autophagy-related proteins were detected in ovarian tissues and mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) that were treated with homocysteine, androgen, autophagy inhibitors or BHMT-expressing plasmid by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscope experiments were used to evaluate autophagosomes in Hcy-treated mGCs. The prenatally androgenized (PNA) PCOS mouse model showed hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperandrogenism. Homocysteine levels displayed a significant increase, while its metabolic enzymes levels were significantly decreased in ovarian tissues of PCOS mice and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-stimulated mGCs. The LC3II and Beclin1 expression levels were increased and the P62 and p-mTOR levels were decreased in vivo in ovarian tissue from the PCOS mice. The in vitro data were similarly with the in vivo by stimulation of mGCs with DHT or homocysteine. These effects could be diminished by the autophagy inhibitor (MHY1485), androgen receptor antagonists (ARN509) or BHMT-expressing plasmid. Androgen increases homocysteine concentration by downregulating the key enzymes in homocysteine metabolism. And then Hcy promotes GCs autophagy via the mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Guogang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Zhang YY, Ma JX, Zhu YT, Wang YX, Chen WQ, Sun X, Zhang W, Wang CY, Ding CF. Investigation of the mechanisms and experimental verification of Cuscuta-Salvia in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) via network pharmacology. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:40. [PMID: 35379295 PMCID: PMC8978390 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with reproduction. The Cuscuta-Salvia formula has been widely used to treat for PCOS in clinic. However, its chemical and pharmacological properties remain unclear. We identified the active components and related targets of Cuscuta-Salvia using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and TCMSP database. Disease targets were obtained from the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Subsequently, common targets between Cuscuta-Salvia and PCOS were identified using a Venn diagram. PPI network was established. Core genes were selected using a Cytoscape software plugin. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for common targets using the “pathview” package in R. Several core targets were verified using molecular and Immunological methods. By combining UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS with a network pharmacology study, 14 active components and a total of 80 common targets were obtained. Ten core genes were regulated by Cuscuta-Salvia in PCOS, including IL6, AKT1, VEGFA, TP53, TNF, MAPK1, JUN, EGF, CASP3, and EGFR. GO results showed that cellular response to drugs, response to oxygen levels, response lipopolysaccharides, and response to molecule of bacterial origin in BP category; membrane, transcription regulator complex, nuclear chromatin, postsynaptic membrane, and vesicle lumen in CC category; DNA-binding transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific, DNA-binding transcription activator activity, and cytokine receptor binding in MF terms. The KEGG enrichment pathway was mainly involved in the PI3K − Akt, MAPK, TNF, IL-17 signalling pathways, and in cellular senescence. Furthermore, the results of the experimental study showed that Cuscuta-Salvia ameliorated the pathological changes in the ovaries, liver and adipose tissue. And it improved the expressions of the genes or proteins. Our results demonstrate that Cuscuta-Salvia may provide a novel pharmacological basis in an experimental model of PCOS by regulating gene expression. This study provides a basis for future research and clinical applications.
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Huang J, Huang B, Kong Y, Yang Y, Tian C, Chen L, Liao Y, Ma L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Identification of novel and hub biomarkers in the autophagy-associated mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032064. [PMID: 36523600 PMCID: PMC9745174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine disorder prevalent among women of reproductive age. Recent studies show that autophagy participated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic disturbances. This study was designed to screen autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that may play a pivotal role in PCOS, providing potential biomarkers and identifying new molecular subgroups for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Gene expression profiles of the PCOS and control samples were obtained from the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus database. The gene lists of ATGs from databases were integrated. Then, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to obtain functional modules and construct a multifactorial co-expression network. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed for further exploration of ATG's function in the key modules. Differentially expressed ATGs were identified and validated in external datasets with the Limma R package. To provide guidance on PCOS phenotyping, the dysfunction module consists of a co-expression network mapped to PCOS patients. A PCOS-Autophagy-related co-expression network was established using Cytoscape, followed by identifying molecular subgroups using the Limma R package. ps. RNA-sequencing analysis was used to confirm the differential expression of hub ATGs, and the diagnostic value of hub ATGs was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Three modules (Brown, Turquoise, and Green) in GSE8157, three modules (Blue, Red, and Green) in GSE43264, and four modules (Blue, Green, Black, and Yellow) in GSE106724 were identified to be PCOS-related by WGCNA analysis. 29 ATGs were found to be the hub genes that strongly correlated with PCOS. These hub ATGs were mainly enriched in autophagy-related functions and pathways such as autophagy, endocytosis, apoptosis, and mTOR signaling pathways. The mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA multifactorial network was successfully constructed. And three new molecular subgroups were identified via the K-means algorithm. DISCUSSION We provide a novel insight into the mechanisms behind autophagy in PCOS. BRCA1, LDLR, MAP1B, hsa-miR-92b-3p, hsa-miR-20b-5p, and NEAT1 might play a considerably important role in PCOS dysfunction. As a result, new potential biomarkers can be evaluated for use in PCOS diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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24
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Chen X, Tang H, Liang Y, Wu P, Xie L, Ding Y, Yang P, Long B, Lin J. Acupuncture regulates the autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome ovulation disorder by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through LncMEG3. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112288. [PMID: 34653763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are abnormal follicular development and ovulation dysfunction, which are caused by the excessive autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells. Acupuncture has been shown to improve ovulation dysfunction and abnormal follicular development in PCOS patients, but its mechanism is unclear. This study hypothesized that the beneficial effects of acupuncture are the result of LncMEG3-mediated effects on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Acupuncture (CV-4, RN-3, CV-6, SP-6 and EX-CA 1) was used to treat a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe ovarian morphology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect LH, E2, FSH, T, AMH, LncMEG3, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, P62 and LC3II/I expression. The ovarian morphology of 90% of the rats in the acupuncture treatment group was significantly improved after 11 consecutive days of therapy. Acupuncture also resulted in a significant decrease in serum LH, FSH, T and AMH levels and a significant increase in E2 level (P<0.01). LncMEG3, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, P62 and LC3II/I expression was decreased in ovarian granulosa cells after acupuncture compared with PCOS and lentiviral Intervention Group (P<0.05), while the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor was increased (P<0.05). These results indicate that acupuncture can down-regulate the expression of LncMEG3 and thereby inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, reducing granulosa cell autophagy and normalizing their proliferation. These factors ultimately remedy abnormal follicular development. These findings suggest that acupuncture has clinical potential as a safe treatment for PCOS ovulatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- Fangchenggang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Fangchenggang, Guangxi 538000, China
| | - Yingye Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Pingting Wu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Liuhong Xie
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yao Ding
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Bingcai Long
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China.
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Luo X, Gong Y, Cai L, Zhang L, Dong X. Chemerin regulates autophagy to participate in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211058376. [PMID: 34816741 PMCID: PMC8647268 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211058376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Chemerin has recently been discovered as a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Excessive autophagy activity and overexpression of autophagy-related genes in follicular granulosa cells are important mechanisms of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemerin on autophagy in PCOS. METHODS A rat model of PCOS was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate under a high-fat diet. Expression levels of chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Proliferation and apoptosis of human granulosa cells in vitro and expression of autophagy-related genes were examined using bafilomycin A1 (autophagy inhibitor) and Torin1 (autophagy inducer). RESULTS Chemerin and CMKLR1 expression were significantly increased in the ovary in a rat model of PCOS. Ectopic expression of chemerin promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of COV434 cells. Ectopic expression of chemerin also induced autophagy by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Chemerin and CMKLR1 were overexpressed in PCOS rats. Chemerin promoted autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and may provide a potential target and biomarker of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 585250The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 585250The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liuyun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 585250The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 585250The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 585250The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
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26
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Kuşçu GC, Gürel Ç, Buhur A, Oltulu F, Akman L, Köse T, Yavaşoğlu NÜK, Yavaşoğlu A. The regulatory effects of clomiphene and tamoxifen on mTOR and LC3-II expressions in relation to autophagy in experimental polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1721-1729. [PMID: 34813001 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disease that causes infertility due to anovulation in women in reproductive age. It is known that clomiphene citrate (CC) and tamoxifen citrate (TMX) induce ovulation in women with PCOS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CC and TMX on the autophagy pathway in PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental PCOS model was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg) in rats by gavage for 21 days. After the last letrozole administration, rats were treated TMX (1 mg/kg) or CC (1 mg/kg) for 5 days. At the end of the experimental procedures, rats in all groups were sacrificed and ovarian tissues were removed. It was observed that mRNA and protein expressions of LC3-II were significantly higher in TMX and CC groups than control and PCOS groups (p < 0.05), while mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR in TMX and CC groups were found significantly lower than control and PCOS groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, present study suggests that TMX and CC induce autophagy in ovaries with PCOS. Autophagy is a promising target for understanding pathophysiology of this disease and for developing more effective and safe new protocols for the treatment of PCOS-related anovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Ceren Kuşçu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çevik Gürel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Aylin Buhur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oltulu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Akman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Altuğ Yavaşoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Kumariya S, Ubba V, Jha RK, Gayen JR. Autophagy in ovary and polycystic ovary syndrome: role, dispute and future perspective. Autophagy 2021; 17:2706-2733. [PMID: 34161185 PMCID: PMC8526011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1938914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a unification of endocrine and metabolic disorders and has become immensely prevalent among women of fertile age. The prime organ affected in PCOS is the ovary and its distressed functioning elicits disturbed reproductive outcomes. In the ovary, macroautophagy/autophagy performs a pivotal role in directing the chain of events starting from oocytes origin until its fertilization. Recent discoveries demonstrate a significant role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Defective autophagy in the follicular cells during different stages of follicles is observed in the PCOS ovary. Exploring different autophagy pathways provides a platform for predicting the possible cause of altered ovarian physiology in PCOS. In this review, we have emphasized autophagy's role in governing follicular development under normal circumstances and in PCOS, including significant abnormalities associated with PCOS such as anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, metabolic disturbances, and related abnormality. So far, few studies have linked autophagy and PCOS and propose its essential role in PCOS progression. However, detailed knowledge in this area is lacking. Here we have summarized the latest knowledge related to autophagy associated with PCOS. This review's main objective is to provide a background of autophagy in the ovary, its possible connection with PCOS and suggested a novel proposal for future studies to aid a better understanding of PCOS pathogenesis.Abbreviations: AE: androgen excess; AF: antral follicle; AKT/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; CASP3: caspase 3; CL: corpus luteum; CYP17A1/P450C17: cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1; CYP19A1: cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1; DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; EH: endometrial hyperplasia; FF: follicular fluid; FOXO: forkhead box O; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; GC: granulosa cell; GDF: growth differentiation factor; HA: hyperandrogenemia; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IGF1: insulin like growth factor 1; INS: insulin; IR: insulin resistance; LHCGR/LHR: luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NFKB: nuclear factor kappa B; OLR1/LOX-1: oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1; oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoproteins; PA: palmitic acid; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; PF: primary follicle; PGC: primordial germ cell; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PMF: primordial follicle; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RP: resting pool; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC: theca cell; TUG1: taurine up-regulated 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vaibhave Ubba
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh K. Jha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jiaur R. Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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28
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Sun L, Tian H, Xue S, Ye H, Xue X, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang C, Chen Q, Gao S. Circadian Clock Genes REV-ERBs Inhibits Granulosa Cells Apoptosis by Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658112. [PMID: 34422794 PMCID: PMC8374745 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy with complex pathophysiology that is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women. Although the disruption of circadian rhythms is indicated in PCOS, the role of the clock in the etiology of these pathologies has yet to be appreciated. The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are core modulators of the circadian clock and participate in the regulation of a diverse set of biological functions. However, in PCOS, the expression of REV-ERBs and their effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the levels of REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ expression were lower in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients than in control subjects. In vitro, we found that the overexpression of REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, and their agonist SR9009, promoted the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis genes PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM and inhibited autophagy in KGN cells. Our results also indicate that REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ can inhibit apoptosis in granulosa cells and promote proliferation. Importantly, the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 ameliorates abnormal follicular development by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and inhibiting autophagy in a mouse PCOS model. This allows us to speculate that SR9009 has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songguo Xue
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjuan Ye
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxiang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth Peoples Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Saeedi V, Nourbakhsh M, Nourbakhsh M, Haghighi L, Kamalzadeh L, Ezzati Mobasser S, Razzaghy-Azar M. Sestrin2 and Beclin1 levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23957. [PMID: 34399004 PMCID: PMC8418516 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sestrin2 and beclin1 are two newly found proteins that have essential roles in autophagy. This study attempted to evaluate the plasma concentrations of sestrin2 and beclin1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls and to explore the clinical value of these proteins as novel biomarkers for PCOS. Methods In this case‐control study, plasma levels of sestrin2 and beclin1, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, insulin, and androgens were evaluated in 63 women (31 patients and 32 controls). Sestrin2 and beclin1 levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, logistic regression, and ROC curve analyses were used in this study. Results Plasma sestrin2 levels of the subjects with PCOS (40.74 [24.39–257.70]) were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (255.78 [25.46–528.66]; p‐value = 0.040). ROC curve analysis showed that a cutoff value of 420.5 ng/L had an appropriate sensitivity (83.87%) and specificity (46.88%) for discriminating individuals with and without PCOS, with the area under the curve (95% CI) of 0.648 (0.518 to 0.764), p = 0.036. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning plasma levels of beclin1, biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and anthropometric features. Conclusion Our findings highlight the dysregulation of sestrin2 as a marker of autophagy in PCOS and its potential usefulness as a novel biomarker for PCOS. Further research is needed to better understand the role of this protein in the pathophysiology of PCOS and its value as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Saeedi
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Haghighi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kamalzadeh
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ezzati Mobasser
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Fontana CM, Locatello L, Sabatelli P, Facchinello N, Lidron E, Maradonna F, Carnevali O, Rasotto MB, Dalla Valle L. epg5 knockout leads to the impairment of reproductive success and courtship behaviour in a zebrafish model of autophagy-related diseases. Biomed J 2021; 45:377-386. [PMID: 35562284 PMCID: PMC9250093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the autophagic flux is linked to a wide array of human diseases, and recent findings highlighted the central role of autophagy in reproduction, as well as an association between impairment of autophagy and behavioural disorders. Here we deepened on the possible multilevel link between impairment of the autophagic processes and reproduction at both the physiological and the behavioural level in a zebrafish mutant model. Methods Using a KO epg5 zebrafish line we analysed male breeding success, fertility rate, offspring survival, ejaculate quality, sperm and testes morphology, and courtship behaviour. To this aim physiological, histological, ultrastructural and behavioural analyses on epg5+/+ and mutant epg5−/− males coupled to WT females were applied. Results We observed an impairment of male reproductive performance in mutant epg5−/− males that showed a lower breeding success with a reduced mean number of eggs spawned by their WT female partners. The spermatogenesis and the ability to produce fertilising ejaculates were not drastically impaired in our mutant males, whereas we observed a reduction of their courtship behaviour that might contribute to explain their lower overall reproductive success. Conclusion Collectively our findings corroborate the hypothesis of a multilevel link between the autophagic process and reproduction. Moreover, by giving a first glimpse on behavioural disorders associated to epg5 KO in model zebrafish, our results open the way to more extensive behavioural analyses, also beyond the reproductive events, that might serve as new tools for the molecular screening of autophagy-related multisystemic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza"-Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Lidron
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Saha P, Kumar S, Datta K, Tyagi RK. Upsurge in autophagy, associated with mifepristone-treated polycystic ovarian condition, is reversed upon thymoquinone treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105823. [PMID: 33484844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multi-factorial gynecological endocrine disorder. It affects fertility in women and also predisposes to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity etc. Earlier, significance of autophagy has been explored in PCOS-related metabolic disorders and during normal folliculogenesis. Increasing evidences reveal connection of autophagy with chronic inflammatory behaviour, an associated phenomena in polycystic ovaries. However, understanding of the association of autophagy with PCOS is still obscure. This study reveals that increased autophagy in mifepristone (RU486) treated KK-1 cells and in vivo PCO rat model is characterized by upregulated Androgen Receptor (AR) expression and downregulated PCO biomarker aromatase. The prevalence of autophagy has been observed to be concomitant with increased expression of two autophagic markers Beclin1 and MAP-LC3-II while the autophagy substrate p62/SQSTM1 was downregulated. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased localization of MAP-LC3 in the compacted granulosa layers of the follicular cysts in the PCO model. The PCO rat models also demonstrated augmented levels of p65, the active subunit of NF-κB, which acts as a transcriptional regulator of several pro-inflammatory factors. NF-κB repressor and anti-inflammatory herbal drug thymoquinone, known to alleviate PCO condition, downregulated autophagy modules substantially. Pre-treatment with thymoquinone upregulated aromatase, reduced AR levels and decreased autophagic markers as well as p65 levels, simulating super-ovulated condition. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory phytochemical thymoquinone alleviated PCO condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kasturi Datta
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Qin Y, Li T, Zhao H, Mao Z, Ding C, Kang Y. Integrated Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Study of PCOS: Impact of Map3k1 and Map1lc3a Promoter Methylation on Autophagy. Front Genet 2021; 12:620241. [PMID: 33763111 PMCID: PMC7982605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.620241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development of PCOS. Nevertheless, the role of DNA methylation in the development of PCOS remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS, dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced prenatally androgenized (PNA) mice were used to mimic this phenotype. Ovarian samples from PNA and control mice were subjected to methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD)-seq and RNA-seq, and validation was conducted using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunohistochemical analysis (using anti-LC3II antibody) and transmission electron microscopy were conducted using ovarian tissue sections (which included granulosa cells) from PNA and control mice. There were 857 genes with differentially methylated promoter regions and 3,317 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the PNA mice compared to the control mice. Downregulation of Dnmt1 (which encodes DNA methyltransferase 1), accompanied by global hypomethylation, was observed in the PNA mice compared to the control mice. The promoter regions of Map3k1 (which encodes MEKK1) and Map1lc3a (which encodes LC3II) were hypomethylated, accompanied by upregulation of Map3k1 and Map1lc3a mRNA expression. The autophagy profiling results showed that LC3II protein expression and autophagosomes were significantly increased in the granulosa cells of PNA mice. Additionally, the mRNA expression of genes related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 pathway (Mapk14, Mapkapk3, and Trp53) and the autophagy-related gene Becn1 were significantly increased. DHT could change the DNA methylation and transcription level of Map3k1 and lead to an activation of autophagy in granulosa cells. These observations indicated that the change in autophagy may be driven by MAPK/p53 pathway activation, which may have been caused by DHT-induced transcriptional, and the methylation level changed of the key upstream gene Map3k1. Our study provides a novel genetic basis and new insights regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanrui Mao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lu G, Wu Z, Shang J, Xie Z, Chen C, Zhang C. The effects of metformin on autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111286. [PMID: 33524789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line option for treating newly diagnosed diabetic patients and also involved in other pharmacological actions, including antitumor effect, anti-aging effect, polycystic ovarian syndrome prevention, cardiovascular action, and neuroprotective effect, etc. However, the mechanisms of metformin actions were not fully illuminated. Recently, increasing researches showed that autophagy is a vital medium of metformin playing pharmacological actions. Nevertheless, results on the effects of metformin on autophagy were inconsistent. Apart from few clinical evidences, more data focused on kinds of no-clinical models. First, many studies showed that metformin could induce autophagy via a number of signaling pathways, including AMPK-related signaling pathways (e.g. AMPK/mTOR, AMPK/CEBPD, MiTF/TFE, AMPK/ULK1, and AMPK/miR-221), Redd1/mTOR, STAT, SIRT, Na+/H+ exchangers, MAPK/ERK, PK2/PKR/AKT/ GSK3β, and TRIB3. Secondly, some signaling pathways were involved in the process of metformin inhibiting autophagy, such as AMPK-related signaling pathways (AMPK/NF-κB and other undetermined AMPK-related signaling pathways), Hedgehog, miR-570-3p, miR-142-3p, and MiR-3127-5p. Thirdly, two types of signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could bidirectionally impact the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. Finally, multiple signal pathways were reviewed collectively in terms of affecting the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. The pharmacological effects of metformin combining its actions on autophagy were also discussed. It would help better apply metformin to treat diseases in term of mediating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Lu
- School of Business, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jia Shang
- School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, Jinming Avenue, 475004, China.
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chuning Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
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Molecular Targets and Associated Signaling Pathways of Jingshu Granules in Ovarian Cysts Based on Systemic Pharmacological Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6660087. [PMID: 33623786 PMCID: PMC7875638 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background More than a third of women could develop ovarian cysts during their lifetime. Jingshu granules are used for the treatment of gynecological disease of primary dysmenorrhea. However, the molecular mechanisms of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts are still unreported. We aimed to find the active ingredients, molecular targets, and potential signaling pathways of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts by using the systemic pharmacological analysis. Methods Firstly, the effect of Jingshu granules on female hormones and reproductive organs of young female rats was evaluated. Secondly, candidate pharmaceutical ingredients of Jingshu granules were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform. Potential protein targets for the active ingredients in Jingshu granules were then identified according to the oral bioavailability and drug-likeness indices. Thirdly, ovarian cyst-related gene targets were screened based on different databases. Finally, enrichment analysis was used to analyze the potential biological function of intersection targets between Jingshu granules and ovarian cysts. Results In young female rats, Jingshu granules reduced the secretion of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin and could affect the development of the uterus. This suggested that Jingshu granules played roles in hormone secretion and reproduction. From the TCMSP, a total of 1021 pharmaceutical ingredients of Jingshu granules were retrieved. After further screening, a total of 166 active ingredients and 159 protein targets of Jingshu granules were identified. In addition, 4488 gene targets of ovarian cysts were screened out. After taking the intersection, a total of 110 intersection targets were identified between potential protein targets of Jingshu granules and gene targets of ovarian cysts. In the functional analysis of 110 intersection targets, 8 signaling pathways including progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation (MAPK8 and CDK1 involved), GnRH signaling pathway (JUN involved), T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (MAPK1 involved), NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (TNF, IL6, and IL1B involved), p53 signaling pathway (CDK2 and CDK4 involved), VEGF signaling pathway (MAPK14 involved), and PPAR signaling pathway (PPARG involved) were obtained. Conclusion Our study revealed that Jingshu granules could function in patients with ovarian cysts through a number of molecular targets and signaling pathways. Our study may provide a new field into the mechanisms of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts, from the molecular to the signaling pathway level.
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Ye W, Xie T, Song Y, Zhou L. The role of androgen and its related signals in PCOS. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1825-1837. [PMID: 33369146 PMCID: PMC7882969 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been completely understood. Hyperandrogenism is an important clinic feature in patients with PCOS, suggesting its pathologic role in the development and progression of PCOS. However, the actual role of androgen and the related signals in PCOS and PCOS-related complications have not yet been clarified. In this review, we surveyed the origin and effects of androgen on PCOS and the related complications, highlighted the cellular signals affecting androgen synthesis and summarized the pathological processes caused by hyperandrogenism. Our review well reveals the important mechanisms referring the pathogenesis of PCOS and provides important clues to the clinic strategies in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ye
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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Autophagy and Obesity-Related Reproductive Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32671768 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common obesity-related reproductive disease in women of child-bearing age,which is usually accompanied with endocrine and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia. The abnormal reproductive function of PCOS is mainly characterized by the morphological and functional changes of ovary. Autophagy is involved in the maintenance of human ovarian physiological function as well as in the process of luteal degeneration, and affects the survival of granulosa cells. This chapter introduces the latest research progress of the relationship between autophagy and PCOS. How autophagy is involved in the occurrence and development of PCOS remains to be further studied.
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Zhang S, Deng W, Liu Q, Wang P, Yang W, Ni W. Altered m 6 A modification is involved in up-regulated expression of FOXO3 in luteinized granulosa cells of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11874-11882. [PMID: 32869942 PMCID: PMC7578862 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by granulosa cell (GC) dysfunction. m6A modification affects GC function in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), but the role of m6A modification in PCOS is unknown. The purpose of the prospective comparative study was to analyse the m6A profile of the luteinized GCs from normovulatory women and non‐obese PCOS patients following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. RNA m6A methylation levels were measured by m6A quantification assay in the luteinized GCs of the controls and PCOS patients. Then, m6A profiles were analysed by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq). We reported that the m6A level was increased in the luteinized GCs of PCOS patients. Comparative analysis revealed differences between the m6A profiles from the luteinized GC of the controls and PCOS patients. We identified FOXO3 mRNA with reduced m6A modification in the luteinized GCs of PCOS patients. Selectively knocking down m6A methyltransferases or demethylases altered expression of FOXO3 in the luteinized GCs from the controls, but did not in PCOS patients. These suggested an absence of m6A‐mediated transcription of FOXO3 in the luteinized GCs of PCOS patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the involvement of m6A in the stability of the FOXO3 mRNA that is regulated via a putative methylation site in the 3’‐UTR only in the luteinized GCs of the controls. In summary, our findings showed that altered m6A modification was involved in up‐regulated expression of FOXO3 mRNA in the luteinized GCs from non‐obese PCOS patients following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenli Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongyou Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuhua Ni
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Peng Y, Guo L, Gu A, Shi B, Ren Y, Cong J, Yang X. Electroacupuncture alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome-like symptoms through improving insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress via enhancing autophagy in rats. Mol Med 2020; 26:73. [PMID: 32698821 PMCID: PMC7374902 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA), a treatment derived from traditional Chinese medicine, can effectively improve hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate whether EA could mitigate PCOS-like symptoms in rats by regulating autophagy. METHODS A rat model of PCOS-like symptoms was established by subcutaneous injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and then EA treatment at acupoints (ST29 and SP6) was carried out for 5 weeks. To inhibit autophagy in rats, intraperitoneal injection with 0.5 mg/kg 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) was performed at 30 min before each EA treatment. RESULTS EA intervention alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats, which was partly counteracted by the combination with 3-MA. Moreover, DHEA-exposure-induced deficient autophagy in skeletal muscle was improved by EA treatment. EA-mediated improvements in insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PCOS-like rats were counteracted by 3-MA pretreatment. Mechanically, EA attenuated autophagy deficiency-mediated insulin resistance in PCOS-like rats via inactivating mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that EA treatment ameliorates insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress through enhancing autophagy in a PCOS-like rat model. Our study provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the treatment of EA in PCOS, which offers more theoretic foundation for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Disease Prevention Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxin Gu
- Department of Radiation oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Shi
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Ren
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Yi S, Zheng B, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Sun H, Zhou J. Melatonin ameliorates excessive PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by enhancing SIRT1 expression in granulosa cells of PCOS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E91-E101. [PMID: 32343612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury in granulosa cells is associated with the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the protective effects of melatonin against mitochondrial injury in the granulosa cells of PCOS remain unclear. In this study, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mtDNA content, increased number of autophagosomes were found in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients and the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated KGN cells, with decreased protein level of the autophagy substrate p62 and increased levels of the cellular autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3B-II, while the protein levels of PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) and Parkin were increased and the level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was decreased. DHT-induced PCOS-like mice also showed enhanced mitophagy and decreased SIRT1 mRNA expression. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the protein level of SIRT1 and decreased the levels of PINK1/Parkin, whereas it ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction and PCOS phenotype in vitro and in vivo. However, when the KGN cells were treated with SIRT1 siRNA to knock down SIRT1 expression, melatonin treatment failed to repress the excessive mitophagy. In conclusion, melatonin protects against mitochondrial injury in granulosa cells of PCOS by enhancing SIRT1 expression to inhibit excessive PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Yi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunni Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Zhang C, Hu J, Wang W, Sun Y, Sun K. HMGB1-induced aberrant autophagy contributes to insulin resistance in granulosa cells in PCOS. FASEB J 2020; 34:9563-9574. [PMID: 32469087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000605rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) disrupts ovarian functions in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The contributing factors remains elusive. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, has been shown to be related to IR and autophagy, respectively, in peripheral tissues. Here, we investigated whether increased HMGB1 contributes to IR in granulosa cells of PCOS patients via induction of aberrant autophagy. Results showed that HMGB1 abundance in the follicular fluid was significantly increased with enhanced autophagy in granulosa cells in PCOS patients with IR. HMGB1 exacerbated autophagy in granulosa cells as evinced by increased LC3B II/I ratio and ATG7 as well as decreased p62, the markers for autophagy. Concurrently, HMGB1 impaired insulin sensitivities by attenuating the abundance of insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake in granulosa cells, which were reversed by blocking autophagy pathways with siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATG7 or with chloroquine and bafilomycin A1, the lysosome inhibitors. In conclusion, our results indicate that increased HMGB1 contributes to IR development in granulosa cells of PCOS patients, which is associated with exacerbation of autophagy by HMGB1. Control of HMGB1 production may be benefical for the improvement of insulin sensitivity in granulosa cells in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R.China
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Lin H, Zhang R, Wu W, Lei L. Comprehensive network analysis of the molecular mechanisms associated with sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2020; 245:27-34. [PMID: 32559715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an intractable disease because patients with HCC frequently develop sorafenib resistance after long-term chemotherapy. Although studies has demonstrated the availability of cumulative information on drug-resistant patients, little is known about the strategies and molecular mechanisms to reverse sorafenib resistance. Here, the present study identified critical mRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) associated with sorafenib resistance of HCC and evaluated the significance correlation between drug-resistant genes and TFs in comprehensive network for HCC xenografts mice. METHODS The expression profiles of mRNAs were compared between sorafenib-acquired resistant tissue and sorafenib sensitive tissue utilizing RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to investigate the biological function of significantly dysregulated mRNA. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of mRNA on over survival. Subsequently, TFs were predicted using TRANSFAC and TF-mRNA regulatory networks were visualized using cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 827 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in sorafenib-acquired resistant tissue compared with control. Thereafter, the results of functional enrichment analysis showed the dysregulated mRNAs involved in drug-resistant signaling pathway, including MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β and drug-metabolism cytochrome P450 signaling pathway. CDK1, CDKN1A and TAPBP might serve as prognostic signature of resistance of HCC to sorafenib according to the survival analysis. Furthermore, TF-mRNA networks were constructed. There were 18 TFs were predicted to regulate differentially expressed mRNAs, which play an essential role in the regulation of dysfunctional gene networks. NFKB1 was presented in the TF-mRNA networks as the node with the highest degree and MYC was predicted as prognostic TF in drug resistance of HCC CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings showed that novel mRNAs and TFs, which served as critical biomarkers to predict survival and therapeutic targets of resistance to sorafenib in HCC. Furthermore, we constructed the TF-mRNA networks, which provides valuable theoretical references to further evaluate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to sorafenib in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Lin
- Department of Pancreto-biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pancreto-biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Department of Pancreto-biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Liming Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang W, Zheng X, Chen X. Decreased Insulin Resistance by Myo-Inositol Is Associated with Suppressed Interleukin 6/Phospho-STAT3 Signaling in a Rat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model. J Med Food 2020; 23:375-387. [PMID: 32045334 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol supplementation may reduce insulin resistance (IR) with few serious side effects in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To explore the mechanism of this action in an animal model, a PCOS-IR rat model was generated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess changes in ovulation function during treatment with a myo-inositol supplement, and Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the myo-inositol supplement decreased the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and significantly decreased the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and testosterone, while increasing the serum level of estradiol. Upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), Mir-21, and Mir-155 and significant downregulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were detected in the untreated PCOS-IR rat model. However, downregulation of IL-6, p-STAT3, miR-21, and miR-155 and significant upregulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were detected with myo-inositol supplementation. Thus, myo-inositol supplementation may reduce Mir-21 and Mir-155 levels by downregulating IL-6 and p-STAT3 and, subsequently, reverse the expression of PPAR-γ and GLUT4, leading to a decreased HOMA-IR index. In conclusion, the identification of an IL-6/p-STAT3/Mir-155/Mir-21/PPAR-γ/GLUT4 system in the PCOS-IR rat model provides insight into the pathogenesis of PCOS and may indicate a possible therapeutic strategy. Amelioration of the basal serum glucose levels and of the HOMA/HOMA-IR index may be achieved by the reversal of the expression of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 through the downregulation of IL-6, p-STAT3, miR-21, and miR-155 with myo-inositol supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Ovarian mitochondrial dynamics and cell fate regulation in an androgen-induced rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1021. [PMID: 31974436 PMCID: PMC6978404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated in an androgenized rat model the involvement of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in granulosa cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and its modulation by exogenous gonadotropin (eCG). We found 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment reduces ovarian length and weight with predominantly late antral and/or preovulatory stage follicles and no corpora lutea. DHT increased the population of large lysosomes (>50 micron) and macroautophagy, an event associated with granulosa cell apoptosis. Increased granulosa cell Dynamin Related Protein 1 (Drp1) content in the DHT group was accompanied by increased circular and constricted, but reduced rod-shaped, mitochondria. eCG eliminated all atypical follicles and increased the number of late antral and preovulatory follicles with less granulosa cell apoptosis. eCG-treated rats had a higher proportion of connected mitochondria, and in combination with DHT had a lower proportion of circular and constricted mitochondria than rats treated with DHT alone, suggesting that eCG induces mitochondrial fusion and attenuates fission in granulosa cells. In summary, we observed that DHT-induced up-regulation of Drp1 is associated with excessive mitochondrial fission, macroautophagy and apoptosis in granulosa cells at the antral stage of development in an androgenized rat model for PCOS, a response partially attenuated by exogenous gonadotropin.
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Di Emidio G, Placidi M, Rea F, Rossi G, Falone S, Cristiano L, Nottola S, D’Alessandro AM, Amicarelli F, Palmerini MG, Tatone C. Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress and Deregulation of SIRT1 Functional Network in the Ovary of PCOS Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010209. [PMID: 31947651 PMCID: PMC7017084 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis and consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex metabolic disorder associated with female infertility. The most powerful AGE precursor is methylglyoxal (MG), a byproduct of glycolysis, that is detoxified by the glyoxalase system. By using a PCOS mouse model induced by administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), we investigated whether MG-dependent glycative stress contributes to ovarian PCOS phenotype and explored changes in the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) functional network regulating mitochondrial functions and cell survival. In addition to anovulation and reduced oocyte quality, DHEA ovaries revealed altered collagen deposition, increased vascularization, lipid droplets accumulation and altered steroidogenesis. Here we observed increased intraovarian MG-AGE levels in association with enhanced expression of receptor for AGEs (RAGEs) and deregulation of the glyoxalase system, hallmarks of glycative stress. Moreover, DHEA mice exhibited enhanced ovarian expression of SIRT1 along with increased protein levels of SIRT3 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mtTFA) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20). Finally, the presence of autophagy protein markers and increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suggested the involvement of SIRT1/AMPK axis in autophagy activation. Overall, present findings demonstrate that MG-dependent glycative stress is involved in ovarian dysfunctions associated to PCOS and support the hypothesis of a SIRT1-dependent adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Martina Placidi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Francesco Rea
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Stefania Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.D.E.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; +39-(0)-862-433-441
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Lajtai K, Nagy CT, Tarszabó R, Benkő R, Hadjadj L, Sziva RE, Gerszi D, Bányai B, Ferdinandy P, Nádasy GL, Giricz Z, Horváth EM, Várbíró S. Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on Proliferation and Autophagy of Ovarian and Liver Tissues in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090471. [PMID: 31509973 PMCID: PMC6770417 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to examine the alterations of the insulin signaling pathway, autophagy, nitrative stress and the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the liver and ovaries of vitamin D deficient hyperandrogenic rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats received eight weeks of transdermal testosterone treatment and lived on a low vitamin D diet (D–T+). Vitamin D supplementation was achieved by oral administration of vitamin D3 (D+T+). Sham-treated (D+T–) and vitamin D deficient animals (D–T–) served as controls. (N = 10–12 per group). Results: D–T+ animals showed decreased LC3 II levels in the liver and increased p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS ratios with decreased insulin receptor staining in the ovaries. Vitamin D supplementation prevented the increase of Akt phosphorylation in the ovaries. Vitamin D deficiency itself also led to decreased LC3 II levels in the liver and decreased insulin receptor staining in the ovaries. D–T+ group showed no increase in nitrotyrosine staining; however, the ovaries of D–T– rats and the liver of D+T+ animals showed increased staining intensity. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency itself might lead to disrupted ovarian maturation and autophagy malfunction in the liver. Preventing Akt phosphorylation may contribute to the beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment on ovarian function in hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Lajtai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Tarszabó
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rita Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Leila Hadjadj
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Gerszi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Bányai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György László Nádasy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
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Yadav AK, Yadav PK, Chaudhary GR, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Sharma A, Pandey AN, Pandey AK, Chaube SK. Autophagy in hypoxic ovary. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3311-3322. [PMID: 31062072 PMCID: PMC11105528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation affects human health by modulating system as well as cellular physiology. Hypoxia generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), causes oxidative stress and affects female reproductive health by altering ovarian as well as oocyte physiology in mammals. Hypoxic conditions lead to several degenerative changes by inducing various cell death pathways like autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the follicle of mammalian ovary. The encircling somatic cell death interrupts supply of nutrients to the oocyte and nutrient deprivation may result in the generation of ROS. Increased level of ROS could induce granulosa cells as well as oocyte autophagy. Although autophagy removes damaged proteins and subcellular organelles to maintain the cell survival, irreparable damages could induce cell death within intra-follicular microenvironment. Hypoxia-induced autophagy is operated through 5' AMP activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response and protein kinase C delta-c-junN terminal kinase 1 pathways in a wide variety of somatic cell types. Similar to somatic cells, we propose that hypoxia may induce granulosa cell as well as oocyte autophagy and it could be responsible at least in part for germ cell elimination from mammalian ovary. Hypoxia-mediated germ cell depletion may cause several reproductive impairments including early menopause in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Govind R Chaudhary
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ajai K Pandey
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Li X, Qi J, Zhu Q, He Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wu H, Sun Y. The role of androgen in autophagy of granulosa cells from PCOS. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:669-672. [PMID: 31056990 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1540567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is one of the most common causes for anovulation in women and increases the risk for metabolic disorder in PCOS patients. Autophagy plays an important role in dysfunction of endocrine and anovulation. However, the relationship between hyperandrogenism and autophagy in human granulosa cells of PCOS patients remains unclear. By collecting granulosa cells from PCOS patients and non-PCOS patients, we found that the abundance of autophagy-related genes ATG5, ATG7, BECN1 mRNA and the ratio of autophagy marker protein light chain 3B II/I (LC3 II/I) were significantly increased whereas the abundance of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 was decreased in ovarian granulosa cells from PCOS patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BECN1 mRNA abundance in human granulosa cells positively correlated with the basal level of serum total testosterone and androgen up-regulated the abundance of BECN1 mRNA and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I in a dose-dependent manner in cultured granulosa cells. These observations indicated that androgen-induced activation of autophagy may play an important role in the development of PCOS and to explore the autophagy mechanisms involved in PCOS yield new insight into the pathophysiology and therapy of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Jia Qi
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yaqiong He
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Hasiximuke Wu
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , School of Medicine , Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , PR China
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Ramly B, Afiqah-Aleng N, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis Reveals Several Diseases Highly Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2959. [PMID: 31216618 PMCID: PMC6627153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on clinical observations, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are prone to developing several other diseases, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular association between PCOS and these diseases remains poorly understood. Recent studies showed that the information from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis are useful in understanding the disease association in detail. This study utilized this approach to deepen the knowledge on the association between PCOS and other diseases. A PPI network for PCOS was constructed using PCOS-related proteins (PCOSrp) obtained from PCOSBase. MCODE was used to identify highly connected regions in the PCOS network, known as subnetworks. These subnetworks represent protein families, where their molecular information is used to explain the association between PCOS and other diseases. Fisher's exact test and comorbidity data were used to identify PCOS-disease subnetworks. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the PCOS-disease subnetworks to identify significant pathways that are highly involved in the PCOS-disease associations. Migraine, schizophrenia, depressive disorder, obesity, and hypertension, along with twelve other diseases, were identified to be highly associated with PCOS. The identification of significant pathways, such as ribosome biogenesis, antigen processing and presentation, and mitophagy, suggest their involvement in the association between PCOS and migraine, schizophrenia, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balqis Ramly
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Centre for Frontier Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
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50
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Hou Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Qi G, Wu X. Bioinformatics identification of microRNAs involved in polycystic ovary syndrome based on microarray data. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:281-291. [PMID: 31115532 PMCID: PMC6579986 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) serve important roles in the physiological and pathological process of PCOS. To identify PCOS-associated miRNAs, the dataset GSE84376 was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were obtained from Gene-Cloud Biotechnology Information and potential target genes were predicted using TargetScan, DIANA-microT-CDS, miRDB and miRTarBase tools. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape. Transcription factors were obtained from FunRich. DE-miRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. At the screening phase, there were seven DE-miRNAs in the PCOS group not present in the control group. In total, 935 target genes were identified, which are involved in the development and maturation of oocytes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, interferon γ, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1, transcription factor p65, insulin receptor substrate 1, DnaJ homolog superfamily C member 10 and casein kinase 2 α 1 were identified as the top 10 hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network. Specificity protein 1 was the most enriched transcription factor. At the validation phase, the levels of Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-3188 and hsa-miR-3135b were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group. In addition, the expression level of hsa-miR-3135b was significantly correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate and the cleavage rate (P<0.05). The present bioinformatics study on miRNAs may offer a novel understanding of the mechanism of PCOS, and may serve to identify novel miRNA therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hou
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yaoqin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Suming Xu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Gaimei Qi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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