1
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Redente EF, Kopf KW, Bahadur AN, Robichaud A, Lundblad LK, McDonald LT. Application-specific approaches to MicroCT for evaluation of mouse models of pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281452. [PMID: 36757935 PMCID: PMC9910664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of micro-computed tomography (microCT) has provided significant advancement in our ability to generate clinically relevant assessments of lung health and disease in small animal models. As microCT use to generate outcomes analysis in pulmonary preclinical models has increased there have been substantial improvements in image quality and resolution, and data analysis software. However, there are limited published methods for standardized imaging and automated analysis available for investigators. Manual quantitative analysis of microCT images is complicated by the presence of inflammation and parenchymal disease. To improve the efficiency and limit user-associated bias, we have developed an automated pulmonary air and tissue segmentation (PATS) task list to segment lung air volume and lung tissue volume for quantitative analysis. We demonstrate the effective use of the PATS task list using four distinct methods for imaging, 1) in vivo respiration controlled scanning using a flexiVent, 2) longitudinal breath-gated in vivo scanning in resolving and non-resolving pulmonary disease initiated by lipopolysaccharide-, bleomycin-, and silica-exposure, 3) post-mortem imaging, and 4) ex vivo high-resolution scanning. The accuracy of the PATS task list was compared to manual segmentation. The use of these imaging techniques and automated quantification methodology across multiple models of lung injury and fibrosis demonstrates the broad applicability and adaptability of microCT to various lung diseases and small animal models and presents a significant advance in efficiency and standardization of preclinical microCT imaging and analysis for the field of pulmonary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katrina W. Kopf
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ali N. Bahadur
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lindsay T. McDonald
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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2
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Lok UW, Huang C, Trzasko JD, Kim Y, Lucien F, Tang S, Gong P, Song P, Chen S. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Localization Microscopy with Bipartite Graph-Based Microbubble Pairing and Kalman-Filtering-Based Tracking on a 256-Channel Verasonics Ultrasound System with a 32 × 32 Matrix Array. J Med Biol Eng 2022; 42:767-779. [PMID: 36712192 PMCID: PMC9881453 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) using a 2-D matrix probe and microbubbles (MBs) has been recently proposed to visualize microvasculature beyond the ultrasound diffraction limit in three spatial dimensions. However, 3D ULM suffers from several limitations: (1) high system complexity due to numerous channel counts, (2) complex MB flow dynamics in 3D, and (3) extremely long acquisition time. To reduce the system complexity while maintaining high image quality, we used a sub-aperture process to reduce received channel counts. To address the second issue, a 3D bipartite graph-based method with Kalman filtering-based tracking was used in this study for MB tracking. An MB separation approach was incorporated to separate high concentration MB data into multiple, sparser MB datasets, allowing better MB localization and tracking for a limited acquisition time. The proposed method was first validated in a flow channel phantom, showing improved spatial resolutions compared with the contrasted enhanced power Doppler image. Then the proposed method was evaluated with an in vivo chicken embryo brain dataset. Results showed that the reconstructed 3D super-resolution image achieved a spatial resolution of around 52 μm (smaller than the wavelength of around 200 μm). Microvessels that cannot be resolved clearly using localization only, can be well identified with the tailored 3D pairing and tracking algorithms. To sum up, the feasibility of the 3D ULM is shown, indicating the great possibility in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Wai Lok
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Chengwu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Joshua D. Trzasko
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Shanshan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Shigao Chen
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Shigao Chen, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905,
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3
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Zhou Z, Yan Y, Yu H, Yang G, Su H, Zhang T, Fan Y, Zhao F. Effect of Inter-Fragmentary Gap Size on Neovascularization During Bone Healing: A Micro-CT Imaging Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:808182. [PMID: 35345467 PMCID: PMC8957065 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.808182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neovascularization of the fracture site is of great importance for bone healing and could be influenced by local mechanical environment such as fixation stability and inter-fragmentary gap size. This study aims to reconstruct the neovascularization of the fracture site and explore the effect of inter-fragmentary gap size on the spatiotemporal structure of vascularity during bone healing. Methods: Osteotomy was performed on 36 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats on the right tibial diaphysis, and the fracture was given stable fixation with two different inter-fragmentary gap sizes. SD rats received stable fixation with either a small-sized inter-fragmentary gap (FSF1, 1 mm, n = 18) or a large-sized one (FSF3, 3 mm, n = 18). The left hind limbs were treated as the control group (CON). The animals were killed at different time points (2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively, n = 6, respectively) for vascular perfusion and micro-CT imaging. Results: (a) At week 2 and 4, FSF1 group showed significantly higher vessel volume ratio (VV/TV) and vessel surface density (VS/TV) values than both CON and FSF3 group; there was no significant difference in either VV/TV or VS/TV values between CON and FSF3 groups. (b) At week 6, both FSF1 and FSF3 groups showed significantly higher VV/TV and VS/TV values than CON group; FSF3 group had a significantly higher VV/TV value than FSF1 group. Conclusion: Different inter-fragmentary gap sizes greatly affect the timing of angiogenesis at the fracture site. Stable fixation with a small inter-fragmentary gap (1 mm) benefits neovascularization at the early stages during bone healing and reconstruction, while stable fixation with a large inter-fragmentary gap (3 mm) delays the occurrence of angiogenesis to a later phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Su
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopeadics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Yubo Fan, ; Feng Zhao,
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Yubo Fan, ; Feng Zhao,
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Yubo Fan, ; Feng Zhao,
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4
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Redenski I, Guo S, Machour M, Szklanny A, Landau S, Egozi D, Gabet Y, Levenberg S. Microcomputed Tomography-Based Analysis of Neovascularization within Bioengineered Vascularized Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:232-241. [PMID: 34905338 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, evaluating newly formed vascular networks is considered a fundamental step in deciphering the processes underlying tissue development. Several common modalities exist to study vessel network formation and function. However, a proper methodology that allows through three-dimensional visualization of neovessels in a reproducible manner is required. Here, we describe in-depth exploration, visualization, and analysis of vessels within newly formed tissues by utilizing a contrast agent perfusion protocol and high-resolution microcomputed tomography. Bioengineered constructs consisting of porous, biocompatible, and biodegradable scaffolds are loaded with cocultures of adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and implanted in a rat femoral bundle model. After 14 days of in vivo maturation, we performed the optimized perfusion protocol to allow host penetrating vascular visualization and assessment within neotissues. Following high-resolution microCT scanning of DPSC:HAMEC explants, we performed the volumetric and spatial analysis of neovasculature. Eventually, the process was repeated with a previously published coculture system for prevascularization based on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and HAMECs. Overall, our approach allows a comprehensive understanding of vessel organization during engraftment and development of neotissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ariel Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dana Egozi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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5
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Jiang D, Shi Y, Qiu Y, Liu X, Zhu Y, Liu J, Pan Y, Wan H, Ying K, Wang P. A multidimensional biosensor system to guide LUAD individualized treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7991-8002. [PMID: 34611691 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been a global health problem, leading to maximum cancer death. Across adenocarcinoma patients, significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity was identified as responsible for individual cancer drug resistance, driving an urgent need for individualized treatment. High expectation has been set on individualized treatment for better responses and extended survival. There are pressing needs for and significant advantages of testing dosages and drugs directly on patient-specific cancer cells for preclinical drug testing and personalized drug selection. Monitoring the drug response based on patient-derived cells (PDCs) is a step toward effective drug development and individualized treatment. Despite the dependence on optical labels, optical equipment, and other complex manual operation, we here report a multidimensional biosensor system to guide adenocarcinoma individualized treatment by integrating 2D and 3D PDC models and cellular impedance biosensors. The cellular impedance biosensors were applied to quantitate drug response in 2D and 3D environments. Compared with 2D plate culture, 3D cultured cells were found to show higher resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Cell-cell, cell-ECM, and mechanical interactions in the 3D environment led to stronger drug resistance. The in vivo results demonstrated the reliability of the multidimensional biosensor system. Cellular impedance biosensors allow a fast, non-invasive, and quantitative manner for preselected drug screening in individualized treatment. Considering the potential for good distinguishment of different anti-cancer drugs, our newly developed strategy may contribute to drug response prediction in individualized treatment and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yangfeng Shi
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Research center of smart sensing, Zhejiang lab, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Sensor Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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6
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Leyssens L, Pestiaux C, Kerckhofs G. A Review of Ex Vivo X-ray Microfocus Computed Tomography-Based Characterization of the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3263. [PMID: 33806852 PMCID: PMC8004599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations and diseases are common but complex and often not yet fully understood. To better understand the effects of structural and microstructural changes of the heart and the vasculature on their proper functioning, a detailed characterization of the microstructure is crucial. In vivo imaging approaches are noninvasive and allow visualizing the heart and the vasculature in 3D. However, their spatial image resolution is often too limited for microstructural analyses, and hence, ex vivo imaging is preferred for this purpose. Ex vivo X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) is a rapidly emerging high-resolution 3D structural imaging technique often used for the assessment of calcified tissues. Contrast-enhanced microCT (CE-CT) or phase-contrast microCT (PC-CT) improve this technique by additionally allowing the distinction of different low X-ray-absorbing soft tissues. In this review, we present the strengths of ex vivo microCT, CE-CT and PC-CT for quantitative 3D imaging of the structure and/or microstructure of the heart, the vasculature and their substructures in healthy and diseased state. We also discuss their current limitations, mainly with regard to the contrasting methods and the tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Leyssens
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Camille Pestiaux
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Abstract
The quantitative analysis of blood vessel networks is an important component in many animal models of disease. We describe a nondestructive technique for blood vessel imaging that visualizes in situ vasculature in harvested tissues. The method allows for further analysis of the same tissues with histology and other methods that can be performed on fixed tissue. Consequently, it can easily be incorporated upstream to analysis methods to augment these with a three-dimensional reconstruction of the vascular network in the tissues to be analyzed. The method combines iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography with a deep learning algorithm to segment vasculature within tissues. The procedure is relatively simple and can provide insight into complex changes in the vascular structure in the tissues.
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8
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Liapis E, Klemm U, Karlas A, Reber J, Ntziachristos V. Resolution of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Bevacizumab-Treated Breast Tumors by Eigenspectra Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5291-5304. [PMID: 32994204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temporal and spatial hemodynamic heterogeneity as a function of tumor growth or therapy affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we employed eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) as a next-generation optoacoustic method to impart high accuracy in resolving tumor hemodynamics during bevacizumab therapy in two types of breast cancer xenografts (KPL-4 and MDA-MB-468). Patterns of tumor total hemoglobin concentration (THb) and oxygen saturation (sO2) were imaged in control and bevacizumab-treated tumors over the course of 58 days (KPL-4) and 16 days (MDA-MB-468), and the evolution of functional vasculature "normalization" was resolved macroscopically. An initial sharp drop in tumor sO2 and THb content shortly after the initiation of bevacizumab treatment was followed by a recovery in oxygenation levels. Rim-core subregion analysis revealed steep spatial oxygenation gradients in growing tumors that were reduced after bevacizumab treatment. Critically, eMSOT imaging findings were validated directly by histopathologic assessment of hypoxia (pimonidazole) and vascularity (CD31). These data demonstrate how eMSOT brings new abilities for accurate observation of entire tumor responses to challenges at spatial and temporal dimensions not available by other techniques today. SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate assessment of hypoxia and vascularization over space and time is critical for understanding tumor development and the role of spatial heterogeneity in tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Liapis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Knutsen RH, Gober LM, Sukinik JR, Donahue DR, Kronquist EK, Levin MD, McLean SE, Kozel BA. Vascular Casting of Adult and Early Postnatal Mouse Lungs for Micro-CT Imaging. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32628170 DOI: 10.3791/61242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels form intricate networks in 3-dimensional space. Consequently, it is difficult to visually appreciate how vascular networks interact and behave by observing the surface of a tissue. This method provides a means to visualize the complex 3-dimensional vascular architecture of the lung. To accomplish this, a catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery and the vasculature is simultaneously flushed of blood and chemically dilated to limit resistance. Lungs are then inflated through the trachea at a standard pressure and the polymer compound is infused into the vascular bed at a standard flow rate. Once the entire arterial network is filled and allowed to cure, the lung vasculature may be visualized directly or imaged on a micro-CT (µCT) scanner. When performed successfully, one can appreciate the pulmonary arterial network in mice ranging from early postnatal ages to adults. Additionally, while demonstrated in the pulmonary arterial bed, this method can be applied to any vascular bed with optimized catheter placement and endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Knutsen
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Leah M Gober
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Joseph R Sukinik
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| | - Elise K Kronquist
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Mark D Levin
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sean E McLean
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Beth A Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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10
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Huang C, Lowerison MR, Trzasko JD, Manduca A, Bresler Y, Tang S, Gong P, Lok UW, Song P, Chen S. Short Acquisition Time Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging via Microbubble Separation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6007. [PMID: 32265457 PMCID: PMC7138805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), based on localization and tracking of individual microbubbles (MBs), offers unprecedented microvascular imaging resolution at clinically relevant penetration depths. However, ULM is currently limited by the requirement of dilute MB concentrations to ensure spatially sparse MB events for accurate localization and tracking. The corresponding long imaging acquisition times (tens of seconds or several minutes) to accumulate sufficient isolated MB events for full reconstruction of microvasculature preclude the clinical translation of the technique. To break this fundamental tradeoff between acquisition time and MB concentration, in this paper we propose to separate spatially overlapping MB events into sub-populations, each with sparser MB concentration, based on spatiotemporal differences in the flow dynamics (flow speeds and directions). MB localization and tracking are performed for each sub-population separately, permitting more robust ULM imaging of high-concentration MB injections. The superiority of the proposed MB separation technique over conventional ULM processing is demonstrated in flow channel phantom data, and in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos with optical imaging as an in vivo reference standard. Substantial improvement of ULM is further demonstrated on a chicken embryo tumor xenograft model and a chicken brain, showing both morphological and functional microvasculature details at super-resolution within a short acquisition time (several seconds). The proposed technique allows more robust MB localization and tracking at relatively high MB concentrations, alleviating the need for dilute MB injections, and thereby shortening the acquisition time of ULM imaging and showing great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Lowerison
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joshua D Trzasko
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Armando Manduca
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yoram Bresler
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shanshan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - U-Wai Lok
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Shigao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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11
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Lowerison MR, Huang C, Lucien F, Chen S, Song P. Ultrasound localization microscopy of renal tumor xenografts in chicken embryo is correlated to hypoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2478. [PMID: 32051485 PMCID: PMC7015937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) permits the reconstruction of super-resolved microvascular images at clinically relevant penetration depths, which can be potentially leveraged to provide non-invasive quantitative measures of tissue hemodynamics and hypoxic status. We demonstrate that ULM microbubble data processing methods, applied to images acquired with a Verasonics Vantage 256 system, can provide a non-invasive imaging surrogate biomarker of tissue oxygenation status. This technique was applied to evaluate the microvascular structure, vascular perfusion, and hypoxia of a renal cell carcinoma xenograft model grown in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Histological microvascular density was significantly correlated to ULM measures of intervessel distance (R = -0.92, CI95 = [-0.99,-0.42], p = 0.01). The Distance Metric, a measure of vascular tortuosity, was found to be significantly correlated to hypoxyprobe quantifications (R = 0.86, CI95 = [0.17, 0.99], p = 0.03). ULM, by providing non-invasive in vivo microvascular structural information, has the potential to be a crucial clinical imaging modality for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lowerison
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chengwu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shigao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pengfei Song
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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12
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Suk Lee Y, Davila E, Zhang T, Milmoe HP, Vogel SN, Bromberg JS, Scalea JR. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are bound and inhibited by anti-thymocyte globulin. Innate Immun 2019; 25:46-59. [PMID: 30782043 PMCID: PMC6830891 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918820427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit T cell responses and are
relevant to cancer, autoimmunity and transplant biology. Anti-thymocyte globulin
(ATG) is a commonly used T cell depletion agent, yet the effect of ATG on MDSCs
has not been investigated. MDSCs were generated in Lewis Lung Carcinoma 1
tumor-bearing mice. MDSC development and function were assessed in
vivo and in vitro with and without ATG
administration. T cell suppression assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and arginase
activity assays were used to assess MDSC phenotype and function. MDSCs increased
dramatically in tumor-bearing mice and the majority of splenic MDSCs were of the
polymorphonuclear subset. MDSCs potently suppressed T cell proliferation.
ATG-treated mice developed 50% fewer MDSCs and these MDSCs were significantly
less suppressive of T cell proliferation. In vitro, ATG
directly bound 99.6% of MDSCs. CCR7, L-selectin and LFA-1 were expressed by both
T cells and MDSCs, and binding of LFA-1 was inhibited by ATG pre-treatment.
Arg-1 and PD-L1 transcript expression were reduced 30–40% and arginase activity
decreased in ATG-pretreated MDSCs. MDSCs were bound and functionally inhibited
by ATG. T cells and MDSCs expressed common Ags which were also targets of ATG.
ATG may be helpful in tumor models seeking to suppress MDSCs. Alternatively, ATG
may inadvertently inhibit important T cell regulatory events in autoimmunity and
transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Lee
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hugh P Milmoe
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph R Scalea
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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13
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Gu S, Xue J, Xi Y, Tang R, Jin W, Chen JJ, Zhang X, Shao ZM, Wu J. Evaluating the effect of Avastin on breast cancer angiogenesis using synchrotron radiation. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:418-426. [PMID: 31032189 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The visualization of microvasculature is an essential step in understanding the mechanisms underlying early vessel disorders involved in breast cancer and for developing effective therapeutic strategies. However, generating detailed and reproducible data using immunohistochemistry analysis of breast cancer angiogenesis has been difficult. Methods To analyze the diversification of angiogenesis in the development of tumor growth and evaluate the anti-vascular effects of Avastin (bevacizumab), we used new X-ray microangiography and third-generation synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SR micro-CT) technology. With these techniques, we were able to investigate the structures and density of microvessels in xenograft mouse models (n=24). Barium sulfate nanoparticles were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of the mice to allow the visualization of blood vessels. Results Three-dimensional structures of microvessels were displayed with a high spatial image resolution of 20-30 µm. The density of angiogenesis and the incidence of lung metastasis were significantly reduced in xenograft mouse models of breast cancer treated with Avastin compared with control groups. Also, the density of smaller vessels (diameter <50 µm) was significantly decreased in the Avastin-treated mice, while the density of larger vessels (diameter >100 µm) was not significantly changed. Conclusions Avastin inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis by reducing microvessels. Additionally, synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques are useful as an additional tool for more precise quantification of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Xi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Rongbiao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Jian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Hlushchuk R, Haberthür D, Djonov V. Ex vivo microangioCT: Advances in microvascular imaging. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:2-7. [PMID: 30248380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis is believed to be a prospective powerful treatment strategy to modulate the microcirculation and therefore help millions of patients with cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The often-frustrating results from late-stage clinical studies indicate an urgent need for improved assessment of the pro- and anti-angiogenic compounds in preclinical stage of investigation. For such a proper assessment, detailed vascular visualization and adequate quantification are essential. Nowadays, there are few imaging modalities available, but none of them provides non-destructive 3D-visualization of the vasculature down to the capillary level. In many instances, the approaches cannot be combined with the subsequent histological or ultrastructural analysis. In this review, we address the latest developments in the microvascular imaging, namely, the microangioCT approach with a polymer-based contrast agent (μAngiofil). This approach allows time-efficient non-destructive 3D-imaging of the organ and its vasculature including the finest capillaries. Besides the superior visualization, the obtained detailed 3D information on the organ vasculature enables its 3D-skeletonization and further quantitative analysis. Probably the only significant limitation of the described approach is that it can be used only ex vivo, i.e., no longitudinal studies. In spite of this drawback, microangioCT with μAngiofil is a relatively simple and straightforward tool with a broad application range for studying physiological and pathological alterations in the microvasculature of any organ. It provides microvascular imaging at unprecedented level and enables correlative microscopy.
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15
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Correlative Detection of Isolated Single and Multi-Cellular Calcifications in the Internal Elastic Lamina of Human Coronary Artery Samples. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10978. [PMID: 30030502 PMCID: PMC6054664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathology protocols often require sectioning and processing of numerous microscopy slides to survey a sample. Trade-offs between workload and sampling density means that small features can be missed. Aiming to reduce the workload of routine histology protocols and the concern over missed pathology in skipped sections, we developed a prototype x-ray tomographic scanner dedicated to rapid scouting and identification of regions of interest in pathology specimens, thereby allowing targeted histopathology analysis to replace blanket searches. In coronary artery samples of a deceased HIV patient, the scanner, called Tomopath, obtained depth-resolved cross-sectional images at 15 µm resolution in a 15-minute scan, which guided the subsequent histological sectioning and microscopy. When compared to a commercial tabletop micro-CT scanner, the prototype provided several-fold contrast-to-noise ratio in 1/11th the scan time. Correlated tomographic and histological images revealed two types of micro calcifications: scattered loose calcifications typically found in atherosclerotic lesions; isolated focal calcifications in one or several cells in the internal elastic lamina and occasionally in the tunica media, which we speculate were the initiation of medial calcification linked to kidney disease, but rarely detected at this early stage due to their similarity to particle contaminants introduced during histological processing, if not for the evidence from the tomography scan prior to sectioning. Thus, in addition to its utility as a scouting tool, in this study it provided complementary information to histological microscopy. Overall, the prototype scanner represents a step toward a dedicated scouting and complementary imaging tool for routine use in pathology labs.
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16
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Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent for Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:7368384. [PMID: 29270099 PMCID: PMC5705880 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7368384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) facilitates the visualization and quantification of contrast-enhanced microvessels within intact tissue specimens, but conventional preclinical vascular contrast agents may be inadequate near dense tissue (such as bone). Typical lead-based contrast agents do not exhibit optimal X-ray absorption properties when used with X-ray tube potentials below 90 kilo-electron volts (keV). We have developed a high-atomic number lanthanide (erbium) contrast agent, with a K-edge at 57.5 keV. This approach optimizes X-ray absorption in the output spectral band of conventional microfocal spot X-ray tubes. Erbium oxide nanoparticles (nominal diameter < 50 nm) suspended in a two-part silicone elastomer produce a perfusable fluid with viscosity of 19.2 mPa-s. Ultrasonic cavitation was used to reduce aggregate sizes to <70 nm. Postmortem intact mice were perfused to investigate the efficacy of contrast agent. The observed vessel contrast was >4000 Hounsfield units, and perfusion of vessels < 10 μm in diameter was demonstrated in kidney glomeruli. The described new contrast agent facilitated the visualization and quantification of vessel density and microarchitecture, even adjacent to dense bone. Erbium's K-edge makes this contrast agent ideally suited for both single- and dual-energy micro-CT, expanding potential preclinical research applications in models of musculoskeletal, oncological, cardiovascular, and neurovascular diseases.
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17
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Torii M, Fukui T, Inoue M, Kanao S, Umetani K, Shirai M, Inagaki T, Tsuchimochi H, Pearson JT, Toi M. Analysis of the microvascular morphology and hemodynamics of breast cancer in mice using SPring-8 synchrotron radiation microangiography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1039-1047. [PMID: 28862627 PMCID: PMC5580789 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature is characterized by morphological and functional abnormalities. However, analysis of the dynamics in blood flow is still challenging because of limited spatial and temporal resolution. Synchrotron radiation (SR) microangiography above the K-edge of the iodine contrast agent can provide high-contrast imaging of microvessels in time orders of milliseconds. In this study, mice bearing the human breast cancer cell lines MDAMB231 and NOTCH4 overexpression in MDAMB231 (MDAMB231NOTCH4+) and normal mice were assessed using SR microangiography. NOTCH is transmembrane protein that has crucial roles for vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, and NOTCH4 is considered to be a cause of high-flow arteriovenous shunting. A subgroup of mice received intravenous eribulin treatment, which is known to improve intratumor core circulation (MDAMB231_eribulin). Microvessel branches from approximately 200 µm to less than 20 µm in diameter were observed within the same visual field. The mean transition time (MTT) was measured as a dynamic parameter and quantitative analysis was performed. MTT in MDAMB231 was longer than that in normal tissue, and MDAMB231NOTCH4+ showed shorter MTT [5.0 ± 1.4 s, 3.6 ± 1.0 s and 3.6 ± 1.1 s (mean ± standard deviation), respectively]. After treatment, average MTT was correlated to tumor volume (r = 0.999) in MDAMB231_eribulin, while in contrast there was no correlation in MDAMB231 (r = -0.026). These changes in MTT profile are considered to be driven by the modulation of intratumoral circulation dynamics. These results demonstrate that a SR microangiography approach enables quantitative analysis of morphological and dynamic characteristics of tumor vasculature in vivo. Further studies will reveal new findings concerning vessel function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Torii
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fukui
- Medical Imaging System Development Center, Canon, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Inoue
- Medical Imaging System Development Center, Canon, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kanao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Umetani
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - James T. Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Deng L, Xiao SM, Qiang JW, Li YA, Zhang Y. Early Lung Adenocarcinoma in Mice: Micro-Computed Tomography Manifestations and Correlation with Pathology. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:311-317. [PMID: 28325667 PMCID: PMC5358927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignancy for both men and women and adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. This study aimed to investigate the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) manifestations of early lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in mice and to provide a new perspective for early clinical diagnosis. Early LAC models in 10 mice were established by subcutaneously injecting 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) solution. Micro-CT scan and multiple planar reconstruction (MPR) were used for mouse lungs. Micro-CT features of early LAC, especially the relationships between tumor and bronchus, were analyzed and correlated with pathology. Micro-CT findings of early LAC were divided into three types: non-solid (n = 8, 6%), partly solid (n = 85, 64%) and totally solid (n = 39, 30%). Tumor-bronchus relationships, which could be observed in 110 of 132(83%) LAC, were classified into four patterns: type I (n = 16, 15%), bronchus was truncated at the margin of the tumor; type II (n = 33, 30%), bronchus penetrated into the tumor with tapered narrowing and interruption; type III (n = 38, 35%), bronchus penetrated into the tumor with a patent and intact lumen; type IV (n = 99, 90%), bronchus ran at the border of the tumor with an intact or compressed lumen. Micro-CT manifestations of early LAC correlated well with pathological findings. Micro-CT can clearly demonstrate the features of mouse early LAC and bronchus-tumor relationships, and can also provide a new tool and perspective for the study of early LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shi Man Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jin Wei Qiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Yong Ai Li
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
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19
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Correlative Imaging of the Murine Hind Limb Vasculature and Muscle Tissue by MicroCT and Light Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41842. [PMID: 28169309 PMCID: PMC5294414 DOI: 10.1038/srep41842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed vascular visualization and adequate quantification is essential for the proper assessment of novel angiomodulating strategies. Here, we introduce an ex vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based imaging approach for the 3D visualization of the entire vasculature down to the capillary level and rapid estimation of the vascular volume and vessel size distribution. After perfusion with μAngiofil®, a novel polymerizing contrast agent, low- and high-resolution scans (voxel side length: 2.58–0.66 μm) of the entire vasculature were acquired. Based on the microCT data, sites of interest were defined and samples further processed for correlative morphology. The solidified, autofluorescent μAngiofil® remained in the vasculature and allowed co-registering of the histological sections with the corresponding microCT-stack. The perfusion efficiency of μAngiofil® was validated based on lectin-stained histological sections: 98 ± 0.5% of the blood vessels were μAngiofil®-positive, whereas 93 ± 2.6% were lectin-positive. By applying this approach we analyzed the angiogenesis induced by the cell-based delivery of a controlled VEGF dose. Vascular density increased by 426% mainly through the augmentation of medium-sized vessels (20–40 μm). The introduced correlative and quantitative imaging approach is highly reproducible and allows a detailed 3D characterization of the vasculature and muscle tissue. Combined with histology, a broad range of complementary structural information can be obtained.
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20
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Li B, Zhang Y, Wu W, Du G, Cai L, Shi H, Chen S. Neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma in a nude mouse orthotopic liver cancer model: a morphological study using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:73. [PMID: 28122521 PMCID: PMC5264465 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine whether synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (IL-PCI) can be used to investigate the morphological characteristics of tumor neovascularization in a liver xenograft animal model. Methods A human hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 xenograft model was established in nude mice. Xenografts were sampled each week for 4 weeks and fixed to analyze tissue characteristics and neovascularization using SR-based X-ray in-line phase contrast computed tomography (IL-XPCT) without any contrast agent. Results The effect of the energy level and object–to-detector distance on phase-contrast difference was in good agreement with the theory of IL-PCI. Boundaries between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues at week 1 were clearly observed in two-dimensional phase contrast projection imaging. A quantitative contrast difference was observed from weeks 1 to 4. Moreover, 3D image reconstruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples showed blood vessels inside the tumor were abnormal. The smallest blood vessels measured approximately 20 μm in diameter. The tumor vascular density initially increased and then decreased gradually over time. The maximum tumor vascular density was 4.29% at week 2. Conclusion IL-XPCT successfully acquired images of neovascularization in HCC xenografts in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guohao Du
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Wang T, Krieger J, Huang C, Das A, Francis MP, Ogle R, Botchwey E. Enhanced osseous integration of human trabecular allografts following surface modification with bioactive lipids. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:96-104. [PMID: 26169381 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used extracellular matrix (ECM) gels and human bone allograft as matrix vehicles to deliver the sphingolipid growth factor FTY720 to rodent models of tibial fracture and a critical-sized cranial defect. We show that FTY720 released from injectable ECM gels may accelerate callous formation and resolution and bone volume in a mouse tibial fracture model. We then show that FTY720 binds directly to human trabecular allograft bone and releases over 1 week in vitro. Rat critical-sized cranial defects treated with FTY720-coated grafts show increases in vascularization and bone deposition, with histological and micro-computed topography (microCT) evidence of enhanced bone formation within the graft and defect void. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that osteogenesis within FTY720-coated grafts is associated with reduced CD68(+) macrophage infiltration and recruitment of CD29(+) bone progenitor cells. Matrix binding of FTY720 thus represents a promising and robust bone regeneration strategy with potential clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive Rm 1311, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jack Krieger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive Rm 1311, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Cynthia Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Anusuya Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | | | - Roy Ogle
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Edward Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive Rm 1311, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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22
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Mehta A, Cordero J, Dobersch S, Romero-Olmedo AJ, Savai R, Bodner J, Chao CM, Fink L, Guzmán-Díaz E, Singh I, Dobreva G, Rapp UR, Günther S, Ilinskaya ON, Bellusci S, Dammann RH, Braun T, Seeger W, Gattenlöhner S, Tresch A, Günther A, Barreto G. Non-invasive lung cancer diagnosis by detection of GATA6 and NKX2-1 isoforms in exhaled breath condensate. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1380-1389. [PMID: 27821429 PMCID: PMC5167131 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Early LC diagnosis is crucial to reduce the high case fatality rate of this disease. In this case–control study, we developed an accurate LC diagnosis test using retrospectively collected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) human lung tissues and prospectively collected exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). Following international guidelines for diagnostic methods with clinical application, reproducible standard operating procedures (SOP) were established for every step comprising our LC diagnosis method. We analyzed the expression of distinct mRNAs expressed from GATA6 and NKX2‐1, key regulators of lung development. The Em/Ad expression ratios of GATA6 and NKX2‐1 detected in EBCs were combined using linear kernel support vector machines (SVM) into the LC score, which can be used for LC detection. LC score‐based diagnosis achieved a high performance in an independent validation cohort. We propose our method as a non‐invasive, accurate, and low‐price option to complement the success of computed tomography imaging (CT) and chest X‐ray (CXR) for LC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mehta
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dobersch
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Addi J Romero-Olmedo
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autonoma "Benito Juarez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bodner
- Section Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Chair for Lung Matrix Remodeling, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, UEGP, Wetzlar, Germany
| | | | - Indrabahadur Singh
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Emmy Noether Research Group Origin of Cardiac Cell Lineages, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulf R Rapp
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olga N Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Chair for Lung Matrix Remodeling, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Achim Tresch
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany .,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Xiao L, Yan K, Yang Y, Chen N, Li Y, Deng X, Wang L, Liu Y, Mu L, Li R, Luo M, Ren M, Wu J. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment induces blood flow recovery through vascular remodeling in high-fat diet induced diabetic mice. Microvasc Res 2016; 105:70-6. [PMID: 26808210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to the development of microvascular diseases and is associated with impaired angiogenesis. The presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can block PDGF-BB dependent regulation of neovascularization and vessel normalization. We tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of VEGF improves blood flow in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model produced by femoral artery ligation. In this study, we examined the effect of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, on blood perfusion and angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. We showed that bevacizumab induces functional blood flow in high fat chow (HFC)-fed diabetic mice. Treatment with bevacizumab increased the expression of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in ischemic muscle, and led to vascular normalization. It also blocked vascular leakage by improving the recruitment of pericytes associated with nascent blood vessels, but it did not affect capillary formation. Furthermore, treatment with an anti-PDGF drug significantly inhibited blood flow perfusion in diabetic mice treated with bevacizumab. These results indicate that bevacizumab improves blood flow recovery through the induction of PDGF-BB in a diabetic mouse hindlimb ischemia model, and that vessel normalization may represent a useful strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Xiao
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yan
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Mu
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Ren
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, Sichuan Medical University, People's Republic of China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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24
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Klinman DM, Sato T, Shimosato T. Use of nanoparticles to deliver immunomodulatory oligonucleotides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:631-7. [PMID: 26663867 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated 'CpG motifs' stimulate the innate immune system to produce cytokines, chemokines, and polyreactive antibodies. CpG ODNs have shown promise as vaccine adjuvants and for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. The immunostimulatory activity of CpG ODNs is inhibited by DNA-containing 'suppressive' motifs. ODNs expressing suppressive motifs (Sup ODNs) reduce ongoing immune reactions and show promise in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This work reviews recent progress in the use of nanoparticles as carriers of CpG and Sup ODNs to target their delivery to the GI tract and lungs. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:631-637. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1382 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Klinman
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
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25
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Schröder H, Komljenovic D, Hecker M, Korff T. Transdermal drug targeting and functional imaging of tumor blood vessels in the mouse auricle. FASEB J 2015; 30:923-32. [PMID: 26546130 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneously growing tumors are widely utilized to study tumor angiogenesis and the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in mice. To additionally assess functional and morphologic alterations of the vasculature in the periphery of a growing tumor, we exploited the easily accessible and hierarchically organized vasculature of the mouse auricle. By site-specific subcutaneous implantation of a defined preformed mouse B16/F0 melanoma aggregate, a solid tumor nodule developed within 14 d. Growth of the tumor nodule was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in its perfusion as well as a 2- to 4-fold elevated diameter and perfusion of peripheral blood vessels that had connected to the tumor capillary microvasculature. By transdermal application of the anticancer drug bortezomib, tumor growth was significantly diminished by about 50% without provoking side effects. Moreover, perfusion and tumor microvessel diameter as well as growth and perfusion of arterial or venous blood vessels supplying or draining the tumor microvasculature were decreased under these conditions by up to 80%. Collectively, we observed that the progressive tumor growth is accompanied by the enlargement of supplying and draining extratumoral blood vessels. This process was effectively suppressed by bortezomib, thereby restricting the perfusion capacity of both extra and intratumoral blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schröder
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Lee S, Barbe MF, Scalia R, Goldfinger LE. Three-dimensional reconstruction of neovasculature in solid tumors and basement membrane matrix using ex vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography. Microcirculation 2015; 21:159-70. [PMID: 25279426 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create accurate, high-resolution 3D reconstructions of neovasculature structures in xenografted tumors and Matrigel plugs for quantitative analyses in angiogenesis studies in animal models. METHODS The competent neovasculature within xenografted solid tumors or Matrigel plugs in mice was perfused with Microfil, a radioopaque, hydrophilic polymerizing contrast agent, by systemic perfusion of the blood circulation via the heart. The perfused tumors and plugs were resected and scanned by X-ray micro-CT to generate stacks of 2D images showing the radioopaque material. A nonbiased, precise postprocessing scheme was employed to eliminate background X-ray absorbance from the extravascular tissue. The revised binary image stacks were compiled to reveal the Microfil-casted neovasculature as 3D reconstructions. Vascular structural parameters were calculated from the refined 3D reconstructions using the scanner software. RESULTS Clarified 3D reconstructions were sufficiently precise to allow measurements of vascular architecture to a diametric limit of resolution of 3 μm in tumors and plugs. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo micro-CT can be used for 3D reconstruction and quantitative analysis of neovasculature including microcirculation in solid tumors and Matrigel plugs. This method can be generally applied for reconstructing and measuring vascular structures in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Chen N, Ren M, Li R, Deng X, Li Y, Yan K, Xiao L, Yang Y, Wang L, Luo M, Fay WP, Wu J. Bevacizumab promotes venous thromboembolism through the induction of PAI-1 in a mouse xenograft model of human lung carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26215730 PMCID: PMC4517418 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in cancer. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, on VTE in a murine xenograft A549 cell tumor model. Methods Inferior vena cava stenosis model and FeCl3-induced saphenous vein thrombosis model were performed in a mouse xenograft models of human lung adenocarcinoma. Results We found that treatment with bevacizumab significantly increased the thrombotic response to inferior vena cava obstruction and femoral vein injury. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) expression in tumors, plasma, and thrombi was significantly increased by bevacizumab. However, bevacizumab did not enhance VTE in PAI-1-deficient mice, suggesting that PAI-1 is a major mediator of bevacizumab’s prothrombotic effect. VEGF inhibited expression of PAI-1 by A549 cells, and this effect was neutralized by bevacizumab, suggesting that bevacizumab increases PAI-1 expression in vivo by blocking the inhibitory effect of VEGF on PAI-1 expression by tumor cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 with PAI-039 blocked bevacizumab-induced venous thrombosis. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that PAI-1 plays a role in VTE associated with antiangiogenic therapy and the inhibition of PAI-1 shows efficacy as a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of bevacizumab-associated VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Ren
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yan
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lamei Xiao
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - William P Fay
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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28
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Sato T, Shimosato T, Ueda A, Ishigatsubo Y, Klinman DM. Intrapulmonary Delivery of CpG Microparticles Eliminates Lung Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206336 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) stimulate the innate immune system by triggering cells that express TLR9. The resulting response promotes tumor regression, an effect optimized by delivery of CpG ODN to the tumor site. This work examines the effect of instilling CpG ODN adsorbed onto polyketal microparticles (CpG-MP) into the lungs of mice with non-small cell lung cancer. Intrapulmonary delivery of CpG-MP improved ODN uptake and retention at the tumor site, thereby inducing a stronger Th1 response than systemically administered or unadsorbed CpG ODN. CpG-MP reversed the immunosuppression that characterized the tumor microenvironment by (i) decreasing the number of immunosuppressive Tregs and M2 macrophages while (ii) increasing the number of tumoricidal CD8(+) T cells and M1 macrophages. These effects promoted tumor regression and culminated in 82% permanent survival of mice with otherwise fatal Lewis lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland. Graduate School of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Atsuhisa Ueda
- Graduate School of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- Graduate School of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dennis M Klinman
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland.
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Zhao F, Liang J, Chen X, Liu J, Chen D, Yang X, Tian J. Quantitative analysis of vascular parameters for micro-CT imaging of vascular networks with multi-resolution. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:511-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boerckel JD, Mason DE, McDermott AM, Alsberg E. Microcomputed tomography: approaches and applications in bioengineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:144. [PMID: 25689288 PMCID: PMC4290379 DOI: 10.1186/scrt534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcomputed tomography (microCT) has become a standard and essential tool for quantifying structure-function relationships, disease progression, and regeneration in preclinical models and has facilitated numerous scientific and bioengineering advancements over the past 30 years. In this article, we recount the early events that led to the initial development of microCT and review microCT approaches for quantitative evaluation of bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular structures, with applications in fundamental structure-function analysis, disease, tissue engineering, and numerical modeling. Finally, we address several next-generation approaches under active investigation to improve spatial resolution, acquisition time, tissue contrast, radiation dose, and functional and molecular information.
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Shi J, Wei Y, Xia J, Wang S, Wu J, Chen F, Huang G, Chen J. CXCL12-CXCR4 contributes to the implication of bone marrow in cancer metastasis. Future Oncol 2014; 10:749-59. [PMID: 24799056 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis is postulated to be a key pathway in the interaction between (cancer) stem cells and their surrounding supportive cells in the (cancer) stem cell niche. As the bone marrow constitutes a unique microenvironment for cancer cells, the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis assists the bone marrow in regulating cancer progression. This interaction can be disrupted by CXCR4 antagonists, and this concept is being used clinically to harvest hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from the bone marrow. The functions of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interaction and angiogenesis have been recently studied. This review focuses on how CXCL12-CXCR4 helps the bone marrow in creating a tumor mircoenvironment that results in the cancer metastasis. It also discusses ongoing research regarding the clinical feasibility of CXCR4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Zhao F, Liu J, Qu X, Xu X, Chen X, Yang X, Cao F, Liang J, Tian J. In vivoquantitative evaluation of vascular parameters for angiogenesis based on sparse principal component analysis and aggregated boosted trees. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:7777-91. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/24/7777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kampschulte M, Stöckl C, Langheinrich AC, Althöhn U, Bohle RM, Krombach GA, Stieger P, Churin Y, Kremer S, Dierkes C, Rath T, Roeb E, Roderfeld M. Western diet in ApoE-LDLR double-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis leads to hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1273-82. [PMID: 25199052 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. The aim of the current study was to characterize the hepatic pathology leading to fibrosis and tumors in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout mice (AL) mice were fed with a high fat and high cholesterol western diet for 35 weeks (AL mice on WD). Protein and mRNA analysis as well as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were performed to assess oxidative stress, liver damage, inflammation, fibrosis, signaling pathways, vascularization, and tumorigenesis. Controls were chosen to distinguish between genetically and dietary effects in steatohepatitis and associated tumorigenesis. Hepatic inflammation and dyslipidemia were increased in AL mice on WD compared with wild-type mice on WD. Uniquely, AL mice on WD showed a spontaneous development of tumors (30% of cases) and thickening of intrahepatic vessel walls. Functionally relevant underlying signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Stat3, JNK, and AKT were differentially regulated between AL and wild-type mice on WD. Micro-CT was capable of visualizing and quantitatively distinguishing tumor neovascularization from vascularization in non-neoplastic liver tissue. AL mice on WD diet represent a novel model combining atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Signaling pathways of liver cell damage and compensatory liver regeneration in combination with enhanced inflammation appear to be crucial for the spontaneous development of tumors in AL mice on WD. Micro-CT represents a new and powerful technique for the ultrastructural and three-dimensional assessment of the vascular architecture of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stöckl
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander C Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Althöhn
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Stieger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuri Churin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Timo Rath
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany [2] Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Kleinschmidt K, Wagner-Ecker M, Bartek B, Holschbach J, Richter W. Superior angiogenic potential of GDF-5 and GDF-5(V453/V456) compared with BMP-2 in a rabbit long-bone defect model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96:1699-707. [PMID: 25320196 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical application of bone morphogenetic proteins such as BMP-2 and GDF-5 (growth and differentiation factor-5) may improve the outcome of bone defect repair. In addition to the osteoinductivity of BMPs, their angiogenic potential is important as an adequate blood supply is a prerequisite for bone-healing. We used a rabbit long-bone defect model to investigate whether angiogenicity and osteogenicity were correlated features of a BMP molecule by comparing the induction of blood vessel and bone formation by BMP-2, GDF-5, and a previously created swap mutant GDF-5V453/V456 (BB-1) with elevated BMP receptor-IA binding. METHODS Microcomputed tomography and immunohistochemistry were used to assess early bone formation and neovascularization in 15-mm (critical-sized) rabbit radius defects treated with a growth factor-loaded collagen carrier. RESULTS Blood vessel volume and surface area on days 7 and 14 after surgery were significantly greater in defects treated with GDF-5 and with BB-1 compared with controls (p < 0.05); BMP-2 enhanced vascularization on day 14 (p < 0.05). Cumulative data including both time points reflected increased vessel volume, intersection surface area, and number of vessels after treatment with GDF-5 and BB-1 compared with BMP-2 (p < 0.05), corresponding to the histology results. Each of the growth factors resulted in enhanced bone formation compared with controls on day 14 (p < 0.01), with BB-1 resulting in significantly more bone compared with GDF-5 as indicated by bone volume and surface area (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Both GDF-5 and BB-1 had high angiogenicity, and BB-1 outperformed GDF-5 with respect to osteogenicity. Strong induction of bone formation by BMP-2 and BB-1 was thus associated with BMP receptor-IA-dependent signaling, whereas the vascularization outcome was not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although both BMP-2 and the GDF-5 variant BB-1 are good inducers of bone formation, BB-1 is especially promising for long-bone healing if high angiogenicity is desired along with high osteogenicity to promote recreation of optimal bone architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kleinschmidt
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail address for W. Richter:
| | - Mechthild Wagner-Ecker
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail address for W. Richter:
| | - Benjamin Bartek
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail address for W. Richter:
| | - Jeannine Holschbach
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail address for W. Richter:
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail address for W. Richter:
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Multispectral fluorescence ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization and automatic quantification of tumor morphology, drug penetration, and antiangiogenic treatment response. Neoplasia 2014; 16:1-13. [PMID: 24563615 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic histology still represents the gold standard in tumor tissue analytics. However, two-dimensional analysis of single tissue slides does not provide a representative overview of the inhomogeneous tumor physiology, and a detailed analysis of complex three-dimensional structures is not feasible with this technique. To overcome this problem, we applied multispectral fluorescence ultramicroscopy (UM) to the field of tumor analysis. Optical sectioning of cleared tumor specimen provides the possibility to three-dimensionally acquire relevant tumor parameters on a cellular resolution. To analyze the virtual UM tumor data sets, we created a novel set of algorithms enabling the fully automatic segmentation and quantification of multiple tumor parameters. This new postmortem imaging technique was applied to determine the therapeutic treatment effect of bevacizumab on the vessel architecture of orthotopic KPL-4 breast cancer xenografts at different time points. A significant reduction of the vessel volume, number of vessel segments, and branching points in the tumor periphery was already detectable 1 day after initiation of treatment. These parameters remained virtually unchanged in the center of the tumor. Furthermore, bevacizumab-induced vessel normalization and reduction in vascular permeability diminished the penetration behavior of trastuzumab-Alexa 750 into tumor tissue. Our results demonstrated that this newimaging method enables the three-dimensional visualization and fully automatic quantification of multiple tumor parameters and drug penetration on a cellular level. Therefore,UM is a valuable tool for cancer research and drug development. It bridges the gap between common macroscopic and microscopic imaging modalities and opens up new three-dimensional (3D) insights in tumor biology.
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Gayetskyy S, Museyko O, Käßer J, Hess A, Schett G, Engelke K. Characterization and quantification of angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model using μCT. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:298. [PMID: 25194942 PMCID: PMC4246538 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is an important pathophysiological process of chronic inflammation, especially in inflammatory arthritis. Quantitative measurement of changes in vascularization may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of arthritis. The aim of this work is the development of a 3D imaging and analysis framework for quantification of vascularization in experimental arthritis. METHODS High-resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to scan knee joints of arthritic human tumor necrosis factor transgenic (hTNFtg) mice and non-arthritic wild-type controls previously perfused with lead-containing contrast agent Microfil MV-122. Vessel segmentation was performed by combination of intensity-based (local adaptive thresholding) and form-based (multi-scale method) segmentation techniques. Four anatomically defined concentric spherical shells centered in the knee joint were used as analysis volumes of interest. Vessel density, density distribution as well as vessel thickness, surface, spacing and number were measured. Simulated digital vessel tree models were used for validation of the algorithms. RESULTS High-resolution μCT allows the quantitative assessment of the vascular tree in the knee joint during arthritis. Segmentation and analysis were highly automated but occasionally required manual corrections of the vessel segmentation close to the bone surfaces. Vascularization was significantly increased in arthritic hTNFtg mice compared to wild type controls. Precision errors for the morphologic parameters were smaller than 3% and 6% for intra- and interoperator analysis, respectively. Accuracy errors for vessel thickness were around 20% for vessels larger than twice the resolution of the scanner. CONCLUSIONS Arthritis-induced changes of the vascular tree, including detailed and quantitative description of the number of vessel branches, length of vessel segments and the bifurcation angle, can be detected by contrast-enhanced high-resolution μCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr, 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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Hollanders K, Van Bergen T, Van de Velde S, Sijnave D, Vandewalle E, Moons L, Stalmans I. Bevacizumab Revisited: Its Use in Different Mouse Models of Ocular Pathologies. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:611-21. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.943910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effect of fixation on neovascularization during bone healing. Med Eng Phys 2014; 36:1436-42. [PMID: 25080898 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fixation and vascularity after bone fracture are two critical factors for successful healing, and their influences on bone healing have been studied by many researchers. This research aims to obtain three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images of neovascularization of the soft tissues surrounding the fracture with vascular perfusion and micro-computer tomography (micro-CT) imaging, and to investigate the effect of stable fixation on neovascularization and the pattern of vascularity during the process of bone healing. To accomplish this, 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent mid-shaft transverse osteotomy of the right tibia. Half of them received stable fixation with a newly custom-designed external fixator (FSF, the group of fracture with stable fixation), while the rest received no fixation (FNF, the group of fracture with no fixation). The results indicated that FNF samples had more transversal vascular distribution than FSF samples; FSF samples had more longitudinal vascular distribution than FNF samples; and the spatio-temporal pattern of vascularity in FSF samples was more similar to that in the control group (CON, the group without fracture) than that in FNF samples. At the time of 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively, FNF samples had significantly higher vessel volume ratio (VV/TV), larger vessel number (VN) and higher vessel surface density (VS/TV) than CON samples. At all sacrifice times, FSF samples contained significantly higher VV/TV, VN and VS/TV values compared with FNF samples. In summary, neovascularization and its pattern are obviously influenced by the mechanical fixation. Stable fixation can promote longitudinal vascularity pattern formation, which tends to be similar to the natural vascularity pattern, and this benefits the inter-fragmentary blood fluid connectivity during bone healing process.
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Lundström U, Westermark UK, Larsson DH, Burvall A, Arsenian Henriksson M, Hertz HM. X-ray phase contrast with injected gas for tumor microangiography. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2801-11. [PMID: 24801363 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/11/2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that the microvasculature of mouse tumors can be visualized using propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging with gas as the contrast agent. The large density difference over the gas-tissue interface provides high contrast, allowing the imaging of small-diameter blood vessels with relatively short exposure times and low dose using a compact liquid-metal-jet x-ray source. The method investigated is applied to tumors (E1A/Ras-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts) grown in mouse ears, demonstrating sub-15-µm-diameter imaging of their blood vessels. The exposure time for a 2D projection image is a few seconds and a full tomographic 3D map takes some minutes. The method relies on the strength of the vasculature to withstand the gas pressure. Given that tumor vessels are known to be more fragile than normal vessels, we investigate the tolerance of the vasculature of 12 tumors to gas injection and find that a majority withstand 200 mbar pressures, enough to fill 12-µm-diameter vessels with gas. A comparison of the elasticity of tumorous and non-tumorous vessels supports the assumption of tumor vessels being more fragile. Finally, we conclude that the method has the potential to be extended to the imaging of 15 µm vessels in thick tissue, including mouse imaging, making it of interest for, e.g., angiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lundström
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cebulla J, Kim E, Rhie K, Zhang J, Pathak AP. Multiscale and multi-modality visualization of angiogenesis in a human breast cancer model. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:695-709. [PMID: 24719185 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis in breast cancer helps fulfill the metabolic demands of the progressing tumor and plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Therefore, various imaging modalities have been used to characterize tumor angiogenesis. While micro-CT (μCT) is a powerful tool for analyzing the tumor microvascular architecture at micron-scale resolution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with its sub-millimeter resolution is useful for obtaining in vivo vascular data (e.g. tumor blood volume and vessel size index). However, integration of these microscopic and macroscopic angiogenesis data across spatial resolutions remains challenging. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of 'multiscale' angiogenesis imaging in a human breast cancer model, wherein we bridge the resolution gap between ex vivo μCT and in vivo MRI using intermediate resolution ex vivo MR microscopy (μMRI). To achieve this integration, we developed suitable vessel segmentation techniques for the ex vivo imaging data and co-registered the vascular data from all three imaging modalities. We showcase two applications of this multiscale, multi-modality imaging approach: (1) creation of co-registered maps of vascular volume from three independent imaging modalities, and (2) visualization of differences in tumor vasculature between viable and necrotic tumor regions by integrating μCT vascular data with tumor cellularity data obtained using diffusion-weighted MRI. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of 'mesoscopic' resolution μMRI for integrating macroscopic in vivo MRI data and microscopic μCT data. Although focused on the breast tumor xenograft vasculature, our imaging platform could be extended to include additional data types for a detailed characterization of the tumor microenvironment and computational systems biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Cebulla
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Jun HY, Lee YH, Juhng SK, Lee MS, Oh J, Yoon KH. Micro-CT measurements of tumoral vessels supplied by portal circulation in hepatic colorectal metastasis mouse model. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:415-21. [PMID: 24659362 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the micro CT findings of tumoral vessels supplied by portal circulation during establishment of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer in a mouse model. Hepatic metastases were induced in 15 BALB/c mice through the injection of murine colonic adenocarcinoma tumor cells into the mesenteric vein. Micro-CT imaging of the tumoral vessels was obtained to clarify the microvascular architecture. We evaluated the sinusoidal structure, diameter of the tumoral vessels (DTV) and blood vessel density (BVD) according to tumor sizes ranging from 201 to 3,000 µm in diameter. A total of 116 tumors were observed on day 15 after cell injection. The mean diameter of a normal hepatic sinusoid was 11.7 ± 2.0 µm on micro CT. The DTV supplied by the portal vein of tumors measuring 1,001-1,500 µm in diameter was greater than that of tumors 200-1,000 µm in diameter. The mean BVD from the portal vein gradually decrease according to size of tumor from 201 to 3,000 µm in diameter (r(2) = -0.584, P < 0.01). The characteristics of tumoral vessels supplied by portal circulation during establishment of hepatic colorectal metastases were well visualized with micro-CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Young Jun
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea; BK21plus Program and Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Wonkwang University, Graduate School, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Evaluation of new morphometric parameters of neoangiogenesis in human colorectal cancer using confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and targeted panendothelial markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91084. [PMID: 24614504 PMCID: PMC3948726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microcirculation is characterized by an abnormal vascular network with dilated, tortuous and saccular vessels. Therefore, imaging the tumor vasculature and determining its morphometric characteristics represent a critical goal for optimizing the cancer treatment that targets the blood vessels (i.e. antiangiogenesis therapy). The aim of this study was to evaluate new vascular morphometric parameters in colorectal cancer, difficult to achieve through conventional immunohistochemistry, by using the confocal laser endomicroscopy method. Fresh biopsies from tumor and normal tissue were collected during colonoscopy from five patients with T3 colorectal carcinoma without metastasis and were marked with fluorescently labeled anti-CD31 antibodies. A series of optical slices spanning 250 µm inside the tissue were immediately collected for each sample using a confocal laser endomicroscope. All measurements were expressed as the mean ± standard error. The mean diameter of tumor vessels was significantly larger than the normal vessels (9.46±0.4 µm vs. 7.60±0.3 µm, p = 0.0166). The vessel density was also significantly higher in the cancer vs. normal tissue samples (5541.05±262.81 vs. 3755.79±194.96 vessels/mm3, p = 0.0006). These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the tortuosity index and vessel lengths were not significantly different (1.05±0.016 and 28.30±3.27 µm in normal tissue, vs. 1.07±0.008 and 26.49±3.18 µm in tumor tissue respectively, p = 0.5357 and p = 0.7033). The daughter/mother ratio (ratio of the sum of the squares of daughter vessel radii over the square of the mother vessel radius) was 1.15±0.09 in normal tissue, and 1.21±0.08 in tumor tissue (p = 0.6531). The confocal laser endomicroscopy is feasible for measuring more vascular parameters from fresh tumor biopsies than conventional immunohistochemistry alone. Provided new contrast agents will be clinically available, future in vivo use of CLE could lead to identification of novel biomarkers based on the morphometric characteristics of tumor vasculature.
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McLoughlin P, Keane MP. Physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the adult pulmonary circulation. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1473-508. [PMID: 23733650 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs during growth and physiological adaptation in many systemic organs, for example, exercise-induced skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy, ovulation, and tissue repair. Disordered angiogenesis contributes to chronic inflammatory disease processes and to tumor growth and metastasis. Although it was previously thought that the adult pulmonary circulation was incapable of supporting new vessel growth, over that past 10 years new data have shown that angiogenesis within this circulation occurs both during physiological adaptive processes and as part of the pathogenic mechanisms of lung diseases. Here we review the expression of vascular growth factors in the adult lung, their essential role in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and the changes in their expression that occur in response to physiological challenges and in disease. We consider the evidence for adaptive neovascularization in the pulmonary circulation in response to alveolar hypoxia and during lung growth following pneumonectomy in the adult lung. In addition, we review the role of disordered angiogenesis in specific lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute adult distress syndrome and both primary and metastatic tumors of the lung. Finally, we examine recent experimental data showing that therapeutic enhancement of pulmonary angiogenesis has the potential to treat lung diseases characterized by vessel loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McLoughlin
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, and St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Micro-CT imaging of tumor angiogenesis: quantitative measures describing micromorphology and vascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:431-41. [PMID: 24262753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, and its noninvasive visualization and quantification are key factors for facilitating translational anticancer research. Using four tumor models characterized by different degrees of aggressiveness and angiogenesis, we show that the combination of functional in vivo and anatomical ex vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) allows highly accurate quantification of relative blood volume (rBV) and highly detailed three-dimensional analysis of the vascular network in tumors. Depending on the tumor model, rBV values determined using in vivo μCT ranged from 2.6% to 6.0%, and corresponds well with the values assessed using IHC. Using ultra-high-resolution ex vivo μCT, blood vessels as small as 3.4 μm and vessel branches up to the seventh order could be visualized, enabling a highly detailed and quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional micromorphology of tumor vessels. Microvascular parameters such as vessel size and vessel branching correlated very well with tumor aggressiveness and angiogenesis. In rapidly growing and highly angiogenic A431 tumors, the majority of vessels were small and branched only once or twice, whereas in slowly growing A549 tumors, the vessels were much larger and branched four to seven times. Thus, we consider that combining highly accurate functional with highly detailed anatomical μCT is a useful tool for facilitating high-throughput, quantitative, and translational (anti-) angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis research.
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Narunsky L, Oren R, Bochner F, Neeman M. Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:192-208. [PMID: 24134903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on extensive support from the stroma in order to survive, proliferate and invade. The tumor stroma is thus an important potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Typical changes in the stroma include a shift from the quiescence promoting-antiangiogenic extracellular matrix to a provisional matrix that promotes invasion and angiogenesis. These changes in the extracellular matrix are induced by changes in the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and glucose amino glycans, extravasation of plasma proteins from hyperpermeable vessels and release of matrix modifying enzymes resulting in cleavage and cross-linking of matrix macromolecules. These in turn alter the rigidity of the matrix and the exposure and release of cytokines. Changes in matrix rigidity and vessel permeability affect drug delivery and mediate resistance to cytotoxic therapy. These stroma changes are brought about not only by the cancer cells, but also through the action of many cell types that are recruited by tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Within the tumor, these normal host cells are activated resulting in loss of inhibitory and induction of cancer promoting activities. Key to the development of stroma-targeted therapies, selective biomarkers were developed for specific imaging of key aspects of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Narunsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Ninan N, Grohens Y, Elain A, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Synthesis and characterisation of gelatin/zeolite porous scaffold. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Water exchange-minimizing DCE-MRI protocol to detect changes in tumor vascular parameters: effect of bevacizumab/paclitaxel combination therapy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:161-70. [PMID: 23807596 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the tumor microvasculature induced by combination antiangiogenic therapy in MCF-7 breast tumor mouse models, using a noninvasive DCE-MRI method that minimizes the effect of water exchange. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D quantitative DCE-MRI images were acquired with a heavily T1-weighted saturation recovery gradient echo sequence with a recovery delay of 20 ms. Tumor vascular volume (VV) and vascular permeability-surface area product (PS) were obtained through a linear regression of the albumin-Gd-DTPA-enhanced dynamic image intensity on MCF-7 breast tumor mouse models treated with combination bevacizumab/paclitaxel therapy. RESULTS Measured tumor VV values were significantly higher than the values that have been reported previously using quantitative T1 mapping, and are in good agreement with micro-CT (computed tomography) results reported earlier from other tumor models. A trend of decreasing tumor PS was detected in the group of MCF-7 tumor bearing mice treated with the bevacizumab/paclitaxel combination regimen. CONCLUSION VV and PS maps obtained by a heavily T1-weighted acquisition protocol revealed the large peripheral blood vessels as well as the permeable areas within the tumor. A 12-day/three-dose combination treatment of bevacizumab and paclitaxel resulted in delayed tumor growth and a trend of decreasing tumor vascular permeability surface area product.
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Daly SM, Leahy MJ. 'Go with the flow ': a review of methods and advancements in blood flow imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:217-55. [PMID: 22711377 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Physics has delivered extraordinary developments in almost every facet of modern life. From the humble thermometer and stethoscope to X-Ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and radiotherapy, our health has been transformed by these advances yielding both morphological and functional metrics. Recently high resolution label-free imaging of the microcirculation at clinically relevant depths has become available in the research domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on current imaging techniques, state-of-the-art advancements and applications, and general perspectives on the prospects for these modalities in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Daly
- Biophotonics Research Facility, Department of Physics & Energy, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Ehling J, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Non-invasive imaging for studying anti-angiogenic therapy effects. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:375-90. [PMID: 23407722 DOI: 10.1160/th12-10-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging plays an emerging role in preclinical and clinical cancer research and has high potential to improve clinical translation of new drugs. This article summarises and discusses tools and methods to image tumour angiogenesis and monitor anti-angiogenic therapy effects. In this context, micro-computed tomography (µCT) is recommended to visualise and quantify the micro-architecture of functional tumour vessels. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are favourable tools to assess functional vascular parameters, such as perfusion and relative blood volume. These functional parameters have been shown to indicate anti-angiogenic therapy response at an early stage, before changes in tumour size appear. For tumour characterisation, the imaging of the molecular characteristics of tumour blood vessels, such as receptor expression, might have an even higher diagnostic potential and has been shown to be highly suitable for therapy monitoring as well. In this context, US using targeted microbubbles is currently evaluated in clinical trials as an important tool for the molecular characterisation of the angiogenic endothelium. Other modalities, being preferably used for molecular imaging of vessels and their surrounding stroma, are photoacoustic imaging (PAI), near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging (OI), MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The latter two are particularly useful if very high sensitivity is needed, and/or if the molecular target is difficult to access. Carefully considering the pros and cons of different imaging modalities in a multimodal imaging setup enables a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of the (micro)morphology, function and molecular regulation of tumour vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Ehling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Docetaxel plus cisplatin and bevacizumab for untreated patients with advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter phase II study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:605-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-2037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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