1
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Feng D, Li H, Ma X, Liu W, Zhu Y, Kang X. Downregulation of extracellular matrix protein 1 effectively ameliorates osteoarthritis progression in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111291. [PMID: 38039715 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease whose important pathological feature is degeneration of articular cartilage. Although extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) serves as a central regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, its role in OA remains largely unknown. This study aims to decipher the roles of ECM1 in OA development and therapy in animal models. In the present study, ECM1 expression was examined in clinical OA samples, experimental OA mice and OA cell models. Mice subjected to destabilised medial meniscus (DMM) surgery were intra-articularly injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing ECM1 (AAV-ECM1) or AAV containing shECM1 (AAV-shECM1). Histological analysis was performed to determine cartilage damage. mRNA sequencing was performed to explore the molecular mechanism. In addition, the downstream signaling was further confirmed by using specific inhibitors. Our data showed that ECM1 was upregulated in the cartilage of patients with OA, OA mice as well as OA cell models. Moreover, ECM1 over-expressing in knee joints by AAV-ECM1 accelerated OA progression, while knockdown of ECM1 by AAV-shECM1 alleviated OA development. Mechanistically, cartilage destruction increased ECM1 expression, which consequently exacerbated OA progression partly by decreasing PRG4 expression in the TGF-β/PKA/CREB-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study revealed the important role of ECM1 in OA progression. Targeted ECM1 inhibition is a potential strategy for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, PR China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yangjun Zhu
- Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Lang Y, Chen B, Ye Y, Bai Y, Ding S. The activation of spliced X-box binding protein 1 by isorhynchophylline therapy improves diabetic encephalopathy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2587-2613. [PMID: 36695953 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary symptom of diabetic encephalopathy (DE), a kind of central diabetic neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), is cognitive impairment. In addition, the tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid isorhynchophylline (IRN) helps lessen cognitive impairment. However, it is still unclear how IRN affects DM and DE and what mechanisms are involved. The effectiveness of IRN on brain insulin resistance was carefully examined in this work, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that IRN accelerates spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) translocation into the nucleus under high glucose conditions in vitro. IRN also facilitates the nuclear association of pCREB with sXBP1 and the binding of regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α or p85β with XBP1 to restore high glucose impairment. Also, IRN treatment improves high glucose-mediated impairment of insulin signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and pyroptosis/apoptosis by depending on sXBP1 in vitro. In vivo studies suggested that IRN attenuates cognitive impairment, ameliorating peripheral insulin resistance, activating insulin signaling, inactivating activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP), and mitigating pyroptosis/apoptosis by stimulation of sXBP1 nuclear translocation in the brain. In summary, these data indicate that IRN contributes to maintaining insulin homeostasis by activating sXBP1 in the brain. Thus, IRN is a potent antidiabetic agent as well as an sXBP1 activator that has promising potential for the prevention or treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Huangshi Love & Health Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Baihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Saidan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Romero-Estrada JH, Montaño LF, Rendón-Huerta EP. Binding of YY1/CREB to an Enhancer Region Triggers Claudin 6 Expression in H. pylori LPS-Stimulated AGS Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13974. [PMID: 37762277 PMCID: PMC10531490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the tight junction protein claudin 6 (CLDN6) is a hallmark of gastric cancer progression. Its expression is regulated by the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In gastric cancer induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) there is no information regarding what transcription factors induce/upregulate the expression of CLDN6. We aimed to identify whether CREB and Yin Yang1 (YY1) regulate the expression of CLDN6 and the site where they bind to the promoter sequence. Bioinformatics analysis, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS), YY1 and CREB silencing, Western blot, luciferase assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were performed using the stomach gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS. A gen reporter assay suggested that the initial 2000 bp contains the regulatory sequence associated with CLDN6 transcription; the luciferase assay demonstrated three different regions with transcriptional activity, but the -901 to -1421 bp region displayed the maximal transcriptional activity in response to LPS. Fragment 1279-1421 showed CREB and, surprisingly, YY1 occupancy. Sequential Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments confirmed that YY1 and CREB interact in the 1279-1421 region. Our results suggest that CLDN6 expression is regulated by the binding of YY1 and CREB in the 901-1421 enhancer, in which a non-described interaction of YY1 with CREB was established in the 1279-1421 region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F. Montaño
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Erika P. Rendón-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Wu LM, Wang YJ, Li SF, Wang JK, Liu J, Fan CC, Xiong Y. Up-regulation of CREB-1 regulates tendon adhesion in the injury tendon healing through the CREB-1/TGF-β3 signaling pathway. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:325. [PMID: 37098516 PMCID: PMC10127358 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism of the healing of tendon tissue and anti-adhesion, and to discuss the role of the transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3)/cAMP response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) signaling pathway in the healing process of tendons. METHOD All mice were divided into four groups of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively. Each time group was divided into four treatment groups: the amplification group, the inhibition group, the negative group, and the control group. When the tendon injury model was established, the CREB-1 virus was injected into the tendon injury parts. A series of methods such as gait behaviourism, anatomy, histological examination, immunohistochemical examination and collagen staining were employed to assess the tendon healing and the protein expression of TGF-β3, CREB-1, Smad3/7 and type I/III collagen (COL-I/III). CREB-1 virus was sent to tendon stem cells to assess the protein expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, CREB-1, COL-I/III by methods such as immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS The amplification group showed better gait behaviourism than the inhibition group in the healing process. The amplification group also had less adhesion than the negative group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of tendon tissue sections showed that the number of fibroblasts in the amplification group was less than the inhibition group, and the immunohistochemical results indicated that the expression of TGF-β3, CREB-1, and Smad7 at each time point was higher than the inhibition group. The expression of COL-I/III and Smad3 in the amplification group was lower than the inhibition group at all time points. The collagen staining indicated that the ratio of type I/III collagen in the amplification group was higher than the negative group at 2,4,8 week. The CREB-1 amplification virus could promote the protein expression of TGF-β3, CREB-1 and inhibit the protein expression of TGF-β1 and COL-I/III in the tendon stem cells. CONCLUSION In the process of tendon injury healing, CREB-1 could promote the secretion of TGF-β3, so as to promote the tendon healing and have the effect of anti-adhesion in tendons. It might provide new intervention targets for anti-adhesion treatment of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jiao Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Feng Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Tibet Military Area Command, Lhasa, 850007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chao Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the People's Hospital of Nanchuan, Chongqing, 408400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Nam G, An SK, Park IC, Bae S, Lee JH. Daphnetin inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis via PKA and ERK signaling pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:596-609. [PMID: 35325017 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Daphnetin is a dehydroxylated derivative of coumarin isolated from Daphne species. However, the effect of daphnetin on melanogenesis has not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of daphnetin on melanogenesis in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated B16F10 cells and its potential mechanism. Melanin content analysis and cellular tyrosinase activity assay showed that daphnetin inhibited melanin biosynthesis in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR also indicated that daphnetin suppressed the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a mastering transcription factor of melanogenesis and its downstream melanogenic enzymes including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins. Moreover, daphnetin downregulated the phosphorylation of PKA, ERK, MSK1, and CREB. Additionally, daphnetin inhibited melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned medium system suggesting that daphnetin has potential as an antipigmentation activity in a physiological skin condition. Our data propose that daphnetin inhibits melanogenesis via modulating both the PKA/CREB and the ERK/MSK1/CREB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Nam
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwan An
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hu B, Tian Y, Li Q, Liu S. Genomic signatures of artificial selection in the Pacific oyster,
Crassostrea gigas. Evol Appl 2021; 15:618-630. [PMID: 35505882 PMCID: PMC9046764 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is an important aquaculture shellfish around the world with great economic and ecological value. Selective breeding programs have been carried out globally to improve production and performance traits, while genomic signatures of artificial selection remain largely unexplored. In China, we performed selective breeding of C. gigas for over a decade, leading to production of several fast‐growing strains. In the present study, we conducted whole‐genome resequencing of 20 oysters from two fast‐growing strains that have been successively selected for 10 generations, and 20 oysters from the two corresponding wild populations. Sequencing depth of >10× was achieved for each sample, leading to identification of over 12.20 million SNPs. The population structures investigated with three independent methods (principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree, and structure) suggested distinct patterns among selected and wild oyster populations. Assessment of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay clearly indicated the changes in genetic diversity during selection. Fixation index (Fst) combined with cross‐population composite likelihood ratio (XP‐CLR) allowed for identification of 768 and 664 selective sweeps (encompassing 1042 and 872 genes) tightly linked to selection in the two fast‐growing strains. KEGG enrichment and functional analyses revealed that 33 genes are important for growth regulation, which act as key components of various signaling pathways with close connection and further take part in regulating the process of cell cycle. This work provides valuable information for the understanding of genomic signatures for long‐term selective breeding and will also be important for growth study and genome‐assisted breeding of the Pacific oyster in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Doxorubicin-Induced Fetal Mesangial Cell Death Occurs Independently of TRPC6 Channel Upregulation but Involves Mitochondrial Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147589. [PMID: 34299212 PMCID: PMC8305841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a category D pregnancy drug, is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been shown in animal studies to induce fetal toxicity, including renal abnormalities. Upregulation of the transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) 6 channel is involved in DOX-induced podocyte apoptosis. We have previously reported that TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ signaling promotes neonatal glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) death. However, it is unknown whether DOX alters mesangial TRPC expression or viability in the fetus. In this study, cell growth was tracked in control and DOX-treated primary GMCs derived from fetal pigs. Live-cell imaging demonstrated that exposure to DOX inhibited the proliferation of fetal pig GMCs and induced cell death. DOX did not alter the TRPC3 expression levels. By contrast, TRPC6 protein expression in the cells was markedly reduced by DOX. DOX treatment also attenuated the TRPC6-mediated intracellular Ca2+ elevation. DOX stimulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation and mitophagy by the GMCs. The DOX-induced mtROS generation and apoptosis were reversed by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone. These data suggest that DOX-induced fetal pig GMC apoptosis is independent of TRPC6 channel upregulation but requires mtROS production. The mtROS-dependent GMC death may contribute to DOX-induced fetal nephrotoxicity when administered prenatally.
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8
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Lin T, Chiu Y, Lin C, Lin C, Chao C, Chen Y, Yang S, Lin W, Mei Hsieh‐Li H, Wu Y, Chang K, Lee‐Chen G, Chen C. Exploration of multi-target effects of 3-benzoyl-5-hydroxychromen-2-one in Alzheimer's disease cell and mouse models. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13169. [PMID: 32496635 PMCID: PMC7433010 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein Tau, abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), plays crucial roles in microtubule assembly and stabilization. Abnormal Tau phosphorylation and aggregation are a common pathogenic hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hyperphosphorylation of Tau could change its conformation and result in self-aggregation, increased oxidative stress, and neuronal death. In this study, we examined the potential of licochalcone A (a natural chalcone) and five synthetic derivatives (LM compounds) for inhibiting Tau misfolding, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and providing neuroprotection in human cells expressing proaggregant ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed. All test compounds were soluble up to 100 μM in cell culture media and predicted to be orally bioavailable and CNS-active. Among them, licochalcone A and LM-031 markedly reduced Tau misfolding and associated ROS, promoted neurite outgrowth, and inhibited caspase 3 activity in ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed 293 and SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies showed that LM-031 upregulates HSPB1 chaperone, NRF2/NQO1/GCLC pathway, and CREB-dependent BDNF/AKT/ERK/BCL2 pathway in ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed SH-SY5Y cells. Decreased neurite outgrowth upon induction of ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed was rescued by LM-031, which was counteracted by knockdown of NRF2 or CREB. LM-031 further rescued the downregulated NRF2 and pCREB, reduced Aβ and Tau levels in hippocampus and cortex, and ameliorated cognitive deficits in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic 3 × Tg-AD mice. Our findings strongly indicate the potential of LM-031 for modifying AD progression by targeting HSPB1 to reduce Tau misfolding and activating NRF2 and CREB pathways to suppress apoptosis and promote neuron survival, thereby offering a new drug development avenue for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te‐Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Mei Yang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh‐Li
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yih‐Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Kuo‐Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Guey‐Jen Lee‐Chen
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chiung‐Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
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9
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Chiappara G, Sciarrino S, Di Sano C, Gallina S, Speciale R, Lorusso F, Di Vincenzo S, D'Anna C, Bruno A, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Notch-1 signaling activation sustains overexpression of interleukin 33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4582-4596. [PMID: 30259982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the nasal epithelial barrier homeostasis and increased interleukin 33 (IL-33) expression contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). AIMS As Notch-1 signaling is crucial in repair processes of mucosa, the current study assessed Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling and IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps biopsies from allergic (A-CRSwNP; n = 9) and not allergic (NA-CRSwNP; n = 9) subjects by immunohistochemistry. We also assessed, in a model of nasal epithelial cells, the effects of stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 on the expression of IL-33 (by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemistry), Jagged-1 (by flow cytometry), and p-CREB transcription factor (by western blot analysis). RESULTS Ex vivo (a) in normal epithelium, the expression of Notch-1 and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (b) in metaplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (c) in hyperplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in A-CRSwNP than in NA-CRSwNP; and (d) in basal epithelial cells, no differences were observed in the expression of Jagged-1, IL-33, and Notch-1. The expression of Notch-1 significantly correlated with the expression of IL-33. In vitro, stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 induced the expression of (a) Jagged-1; (b) IL-33; and (c) p-CREB transcription factor. The inhibitor of Notch-1, DAPT, reduced all the effects of Jagged-1 on nasal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The data herein provided support, for the first time, a putative role of Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling in the overexpression of IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps from patients with CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiappara
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sciarrino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Di Sano
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Gallina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Speciale
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Lorusso
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C D'Anna
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Urotensin II-induced store-operated Ca 2+ entry contributes to glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production under high glucose conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18049. [PMID: 29273760 PMCID: PMC5741753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and matrix expansion are pathological hallmarks of a wide range of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. Although the circulating level of peptide hormone urotensin II (UII) and kidney tissue expression of UII and UII receptors (UTR) are increased in diabetic nephropathy, it remains unclear whether UII regulates GMC growth and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that UII-induced Ca2+ signaling controls GMC proliferation and ECM production under normal and high glucose conditions. Mouse GMCs cultured under normal glucose conditions proliferated and synthesized ECM proteins in response to stimulation by mouse UII. UII-induced GMC proliferation and ECM protein synthesis were dependent on TRPC4 channel-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and sequential activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and Ca2+/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. Under high glucose conditions, GMCs synthesized UII. Moreover, proliferation and ECM production in high glucose-challenged GMCs were attenuated by selective UTR antagonist, TRPC4 channel blocker, and CaMKII and CREB-binding protein/p300 inhibitors. These findings indicate that UII-induced SOCE via TRPC4 channels stimulates CaMKII/CREB-dependent GMC proliferation and ECM protein production. Our data also suggest that UII synthesis contributes to GMC proliferation and ECM accumulation under high glucose conditions.
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Functional Analysis of Human Hub Proteins and Their Interactors Involved in the Intrinsic Disorder-Enriched Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122761. [PMID: 29257115 PMCID: PMC5751360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions are promiscuous interactors that are involved in one-to-many and many-to-one binding. Several studies have analyzed enrichment of intrinsic disorder among the promiscuous hub proteins. We extended these works by providing a detailed functional characterization of the disorder-enriched hub protein-protein interactions (PPIs), including both hubs and their interactors, and by analyzing their enrichment among disease-associated proteins. We focused on the human interactome, given its high degree of completeness and relevance to the analysis of the disease-linked proteins. We quantified and investigated numerous functional and structural characteristics of the disorder-enriched hub PPIs, including protein binding, structural stability, evolutionary conservation, several categories of functional sites, and presence of over twenty types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). We showed that the disorder-enriched hub PPIs have a significantly enlarged number of disordered protein binding regions and long intrinsically disordered regions. They also include high numbers of targeting, catalytic, and many types of PTM sites. We empirically demonstrated that these hub PPIs are significantly enriched among 11 out of 18 considered classes of human diseases that are associated with at least 100 human proteins. Finally, we also illustrated how over a dozen specific human hubs utilize intrinsic disorder for their promiscuous PPIs.
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Diab A, Foca A, Zoulim F, Durantel D, Andrisani O. The diverse functions of the hepatitis B core/capsid protein (HBc) in the viral life cycle: Implications for the development of HBc-targeting antivirals. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:211-220. [PMID: 29183719 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Virally encoded proteins have evolved to perform multiple functions, and the core protein (HBc) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a perfect example. While HBc is the structural component of the viral nucleocapsid, additional novel functions for the nucleus-localized HBc have recently been described. These results extend for HBc, beyond its structural role, a regulatory function in the viral life cycle and potentially a role in pathogenesis. In this article, we review the diverse roles of HBc in HBV replication and pathogenesis, emphasizing how the unique structure of this protein is key to its various functions. We focus in particular on recent advances in understanding the significance of HBc phosphorylations, its interaction with host proteins and the role of HBc in regulating the transcription of host genes. We also briefly allude to the emerging niche for new direct-acting antivirals targeting HBc, known as Core (protein) Allosteric Modulators (CAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Diab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Foca
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008, Lyon, France; Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69002, Lyon, France; Labex DEVweCAN, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), UMR_S1052, UCBL, 69008, Lyon, France; Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69002, Lyon, France.
| | - Ourania Andrisani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Wang Q, Tan Q, Xu W, Qi H, Chen D, Zhou S, Ni Z, Kuang L, Guo J, Huang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Su N, Chen L, Chen B, Jiang W, Gao Y, Chen H, Du X, Xie Y, Chen L. Cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 gene results in a progressive osteoarthritis-like phenotype in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1868-1879. [PMID: 28716756 PMCID: PMC5694025 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGFβRII-Smad3 signaling is involved in articular cartilage homeostasis. However, the role of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling in articular cartilage homeostasis has not been fully defined. In this study, a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches was used to elucidate the role of ALK5 signaling in articular cartilage homeostasis and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Mice with inducible cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 were generated to assess the role of ALK5 in OA development. Alterations in cartilage structure were evaluated histologically. The expressions of genes associated with articular cartilage homeostasis and TGF-β signaling were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling on articular cartilage homeostasis was explored by analyzing the TGF-β/ALK5 signaling-induced expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) using specific inhibitors. RESULTS Postnatal cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 induced an OA-like phenotype with degradation of articular cartilage, synovial hyperplasia, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, as well as enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, overproduction of catabolic factors, and decreased expressions of anabolic factors in chondrocytes. In addition, the expressions of PRG4 mRNA and protein were decreased in Alk5 conditional knockout mice. Furthermore, our results showed, for the first time, that TGF-β/ALK5 signaling regulated PRG4 expression partially through the protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β/ALK5 signaling maintains articular cartilage homeostasis, in part, by upregulating PRG4 expression through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Q.Y. Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W. Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H.B. Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - D. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S. Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z.H. Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L. Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J.Y. Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J.L. Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X.X. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z.Q. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - N. Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - B. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W.L. Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y. Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H.G. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X.L. Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: X.L. Du, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
| | - Y.L. Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Y.L. Xie, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L. Chen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
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Abstract
Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) organelles and small, dense granules (GRAs), both of which are secreted during invasion of host cells. These early morphological studies were followed by the exploration of the cellular contents of these secretory organelles, revealing them to be comprised of highly divergent protein families with few conserved domains or predicted functions. In parallel, studies on host-pathogen interactions identified many host signaling pathways that were mysteriously altered by infection. It was only with the advent of forward and reverse genetic strategies that the connections between individual parasite effectors and the specific host pathways that they targeted finally became clear. The current repertoire of parasite effectors includes ROP kinases and pseudokinases that are secreted during invasion and that block host immune pathways. Similarly, many secretory GRA proteins alter host gene expression by activating host transcription factors, through modification of chromatin, or by inducing small noncoding RNAs. These effectors highlight novel mechanisms by which T. gondii has learned to harness host signaling to favor intracellular survival and will guide future studies designed to uncover the additional complexity of this intricate host-pathogen interaction.
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Lin CY, Fu RH, Chou RH, Chen JH, Wu CR, Chang SW, Tsai CW. Inhibition of JNK by pi class of glutathione S -transferase through PKA/CREB pathway is associated with carnosic acid protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Chaweewannakorn W, Akifusa S, Nisihara T. Mechanisms involved in enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in macrophages by interleukin-33. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3481-3495. [PMID: 28105703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial transmigration of macrophages is accomplished by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-induced degradation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. Macrophages upregulate MMP-9 expression and secretion upon immunological challenges and require its activity for migration during inflammatory responses. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently discovered pro-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IL-33-induced MMP-9 expression in the mouse monocyte/macrophage line RAW264.7. IL-33 increased MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in RAW264.7 cells. Blockage of IL-33-IL-33 receptor (ST2L) binding suppressed IL-33-mediated induction of MMP-9. IL-33 induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that IL-33 increased c-fos recruitment to the MMP-9 promoter. Reporter assay findings also revealed that IL-33 stimulated the transcriptional activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1). Pre-treatment of the cells with a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2 and NF-κB attenuated the IL-33-induced activation of AP-1 subunits, transcriptional activity of AP-1, and expression of MMP-9. We also demonstrated that ERK-dependent activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key step for AP-1 activation by IL-33. These results indicate an essential role of ERK/CREB and NF-κB cascades in the induction of MMP-9 in monocytes/macrophages through AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wichida Chaweewannakorn
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Akifusa
- Units of Education on Healthcare Team, School of Oral Health Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nisihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ganai SA, Banday S, Farooq Z, Altaf M. Modulating epigenetic HAT activity for reinstating acetylation homeostasis: A promising therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:106-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Zhou DY, Liu ZY, Zhao J, Xi MZ, Fu YH, Zhang T, Ji CF, Zhu BW. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Protein Hydrolysates Stimulate Cholecystokinin Release in STC-1 Cells and its Signaling Mechanism. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhu Xi
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Fan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 People's Republic of China
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Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158313. [PMID: 27362860 PMCID: PMC4928918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane is made up of a complex structure of lipids and proteins that diffuse laterally giving rise to what we call membrane fluidity. During cellular development, such as differentiation cell membranes undergo dramatic fluidity changes induced by proteins such as ARC and Cofilin among others. In this study we used the generalized polarization (GP) property of fluorescent probe Laurdan using two-photon microscopy to determine membrane fluidity as a function of time and for various cell lines. A low GP value corresponds to a higher fluidity and a higher GP value is associated with a more rigid membrane. Four different cell lines were monitored such as hN2, NIH3T3, HEK293 and L6 cells. Membrane fluidity was measured at 12h, 72h and 92 h. Our results show significant changes in membrane fluidity among all cell types at different time points. GP values tend to increase significantly within 92 h in hN2 cells and 72 h in NIH3T3 cells and only at 92 h in HEK293 cells. L6 showed a marked decrease in membrane fluidity at 72 h and starts to increase at 92 h. As expected, NIH3T3 cells have more rigid membrane at earlier time points. On the other hand, neurons tend to have the highest membrane fluidity at early time points emphasizing its correlation with plasticity and the need for this malleability during differentiation. This study sheds light on the involvement of membrane fluidity during neuronal differentiation and development of other cell lines.
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Kashem MA, Ahmed S, Sultana N, Ahmed EU, Pickford R, Rae C, Šerý O, McGregor IS, Balcar VJ. Metabolomics of Neurotransmitters and Related Metabolites in Post-Mortem Tissue from the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Alcoholic Human Brain. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:385-97. [PMID: 26801172 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on changes in neurotransmitter metabolome and protein expression in the striatum of humans exposed to heavy long-term consumption of alcohol. Extracts from post mortem striatal tissue (dorsal striatum; DS comprising caudate nucleus; CN and putamen; P and ventral striatum; VS constituted by nucleus accumbens; NAc) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics was studied in CN by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry. Proteomics identified 25 unique molecules expressed differently by the alcohol-affected tissue. Two were dopamine-related proteins and one a GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65. Two proteins that are related to apoptosis and/or neuronal loss (BiD and amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 3) were increased. There were no differences in the levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA), histamine, L-glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Tryp) between the DS (CN and P) and VS (NAc) in control brains. Choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (Ach) were higher and norepinephrine (NE) lower, in the VS. Alcoholic striata had lower levels of neurotransmitters except for Glu (30 % higher in the alcoholic ventral striatum). Ratios of DOPAC/DA and HIAA/5HT were higher in alcoholic striatum indicating an increase in the DA and 5HT turnover. Glutathione was significantly reduced in all three regions of alcohol-affected striatum. We conclude that neurotransmitter systems in both the DS (CN and P) and the VS (NAc) were significantly influenced by long-term heavy alcohol intake associated with alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abul Kashem
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Selina Ahmed
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nilufa Sultana
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eakhlas U Ahmed
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, NeuRA, NSW University, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Caroline Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Chen W, Zheng L, Jia R, Wang N. Cloning and expression of a new manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus F17 and its application in decolorization of reactive black 5. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Inhibition of GPR30 by estriol prevents growth stimulation of triple-negative breast cancer cells by 17β-estradiol. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:935. [PMID: 25496649 PMCID: PMC4364648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the lack of ERα, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are not susceptible to endocrine therapy using antiestrogens. However, the majority of TNBCs express the membrane bound estrogen receptor GPR30. We have recently shown that knock-down of GPR30 expression prevented growth stimulation of TNBC cell lines by 17β-estradiol. Now we analyzed whether specific inhibition of GPR30 represents a new option for therapy of TNBC. Methods Growth of TNBC cells was assessed using Alamar-blue colorimetric assay. Activation of c-Src and EGF-receptor was assessed using Western blots. Expression of c-fos, cyclin D1 and aromatase was quantified by RT-PCR. Gα-specific signaling of GPR30 was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results HCC1806 cells showed the highest GPR30 expression, in HCC70 cells it was clearly lower, in MDA-MB-231 cells it was lowest. 10-8 M 17β-estradiol significantly increased proliferation of HCC1806 cells to 134 ± 12% of control (p < 0.01). Proliferation of HCC70 cells was slightly increased to 116 ± 8% of control. Estriol significantly reduced cell number of HCC1806 cells to 16 ± 12% (p < 0.01). Cell number of HCC70 cells and of MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced to 68 ± 25% and to 61 ± 10%, respectively. Activity of Src kinase increased to 150 ± 10% (p < 0.05) by 10-8 M 17β-estradiol treatment in HCC1806 and to 220 ± 20% in HCC70 cells (p < 0.01). Estriol treatment completely inhibited 17β-estradiol-induced p-src activation. Transactivation of EGF-receptor increased by estradiol treatment to 350% in HCC1806 and to 280% in HCC70 cells. Estriol completely suppressed EGF-receptor transactivation. c-fos expression increased to 260% and to 190%, respectively. Estriol reduced this induction to 160% (HCC1806) and below control in HCC70 cells. Cyclin D1 was induced to 290% (HCC1806) and 170% (HCC70) and completely inhibited by estriol. 17β-estradiol increased CREB-phosphorylation to 400%. Binding of phospho-CREB to a CRE of cyclin D1 was enhanced to 320%. Conclusion Specific pharmacological inhibition of GPR30 might become a promising targeted therapy for TNBC in future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-935) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Poole DP, Lee M, Tso P, Bunnett NW, Yo SJ, Lieu T, Shiu A, Wang JC, Nomura DK, Aponte GW. Feeding-dependent activation of enteric cells and sensory neurons by lymphatic fluid: evidence for a neurolymphocrine system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G686-98. [PMID: 24578341 PMCID: PMC3989702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00433.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic fluid is a plasma filtrate that can be viewed as having biological activity through the passive accumulation of molecules from the interstitial fluid. The possibility that lymphatic fluid is part of an active self-contained signaling process that parallels the endocrine system, through the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), has remained unexplored. We show that the GPCR lysophosphatidic acid 5 (LPA5) is found in sensory nerve fibers expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that innervate the lumen of lymphatic lacteals and enteric nerves. Using LPA5 as a model for nutrient-responsive GPCRs present on sensory nerves, we demonstrate that dietary protein hydrolysate (peptone) can induce c-Fos expression in enterocytes and nerves that express LPA5. Mesenteric lymphatic fluid (MLF) mobilizes intracellular calcium in cell models expressing LPA5 upon feeding in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Primary cultured neurons of the dorsal root ganglia expressing CGRP are activated by MLF, which is enhanced upon LPA5 overexpression. Activation is independent of the known LPA5 agonists, lysophosphatidic acid and farnesyl pyrophosphate. These data bring forth a pathway for the direct stimulation of sensory nerves by luminal contents and interstitial fluid. Thus, by activating LPA5 on sensory nerves, MLF provides a means for known and yet to be identified constituents of the interstitial fluid to act as signals to comprise a "neurolymphocrine" system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Poole
- 1Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ,2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Mike Lee
- 4Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;
| | - Patrick Tso
- 6Department of Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Reading, Ohio
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- 1Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ,3Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Sek Jin Yo
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - TinaMarie Lieu
- 1Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Amy Shiu
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | - Gregory W. Aponte
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
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Ahmed MS, Shoker A. Vitamin D Metabolites; Protective versus Toxic Properties: Molecular and Cellular Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/nr.2010.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone metabolism. The discovery that the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed in most tissues led researchers to investigate other biological actions of vitamin D. These effects were found to include anti-inflammatory effects and anti-atherogenesis, decreased renin activity and biosynthesis, induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell growth, and immunomodulation. In spite of the plethora of evidence on the protective effects of vitamin D, the reports on its intoxication still are considerably few. Therefore, in this review we aim to summarize the molecular and cellular bases of the protect-ive and toxic vitamin D actions that are mediated mostly by VDR. This review will also shed light on vitamin D metabolites other than the active metabolite calcitriol and particularly 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), putting emphasis on its magnifying role in vitamin D intoxication. One of the important themes we discuss is defining serum levels of beneficial or toxic effects of other exogenous vitamin D administration and its impact on 25(OH)D serum levels in animals and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Sorimachi K, Waring P, Hapel AJ, Fukasawa I, Kaneko Y, Masawa N. Characterisation of apoptosis in myb-transformed hematopoietic cell (MTHC-A) lines: TNF-α-induced apoptosis and prevention by cAMP. J Clin Exp Hematop 2014; 53:115-20. [PMID: 23995107 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.53.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myb-transformed haematopoietic cell (MTHC) lines have been developed and clones selected based on their ability to respond to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. MTHC-A cells underwent apoptosis in response to TNF-α (MTHC-A). The apoptotic effect of TNF-α in MTHC-A was mimicked by a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKI 5-24) and by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, suggesting that phosphorylation of tyrosine and PKA activity were important in protecting MTHC from apoptosis. Agents that elevate intracellular levels of cAMP, e.g. cholera toxin and dibuteryl cAMP, protected MTHC-A from the apoptotic effects of TNF-α, and also reduced the apoptotic effects of PKI and genistein. MTHC-A thus provides a useful model for investigating the role of TNF-mediated apoptosis in regulation of the myeloid lineage of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sorimachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
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Li Q, Zhou XD, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Salidroside reduces cold-induced mucin production by inhibiting TRPM8 activation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:637-46. [PMID: 23835496 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside is an effective component of the traditional Chinese herb, Rhodiola rosea, that is known to have the ability to protect individuals from cold attacks. In the present study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on respiratory epithelial cells exposed to cold temperatures. We wished to determine whether salidroside exerts any effect on cold-induced mucin (MUC) production and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We incubated HBE16 cells with salidroside, exposed them to a cold stimulus (18˚C), and assayed the following endpoints: MUC production (the expression of MUC5AC), concentration intracellular of free calcium ([Ca2+]i), the activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel and the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our results revealed a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i concentration, as well as in TRPM8 and CREB expression in the cold-stimulated cells. MUC5AC expression was also increased. Treatment of the cells with salidroside at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM decreased the [Ca2+]i concentration, with a maximal effect detected in the cells treated with 100 µM salidroside. The expression of TRPM8 and TRPM8 channel conductivity were also repressed by salidroside; salidroside decreased the high levels of CREB activity and phosphorylation observed in the cold-stimulated cells. Furthermore, we transfected the cold-stimulated cells with CREB small interfering RNA (siRNA) to analyze TRPM8 gene expression in the absence of CREB activity. The results revealed that the cells treated with either CREB siRNA or salidroside expressed low levels of TRPM8 mRNA and protein. These results indicate that salidroside reduces MUC overproduction induced by cold stimuli and that salidroside exerts its protective effects by inhibiting TRPM8 activation, mainly by decreasing CREB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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Solinski HJ, Petermann F, Rothe K, Boekhoff I, Gudermann T, Breit A. Human Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 induce chemokine receptor 2 expression in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons and release of chemokine ligand 2 from the human LAD-2 mast cell line. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58756. [PMID: 23505557 PMCID: PMC3591377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate-specific Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 (MRGPR-X1) are highly enriched in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and induce acute pain. Herein, we analyzed effects of MRGPR-X1 on serum response factors (SRF) or nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), which control expression of various markers of chronic pain. Using HEK293, DRG neuron-derived F11 cells and cultured rat DRG neurons recombinantly expressing human MRGPR-X1, we found activation of a SRF reporter gene construct and induction of the early growth response protein-1 via extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 known to play a significant role in the development of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, we observed MRGPR-X1-induced up-regulation of the chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) via NFAT, which is considered as a key event in the onset of neuropathic pain and, so far, has not yet been described for any endogenous neuropeptide. Up-regulation of CCR2 is often associated with increased release of its endogenous agonist chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We also found MRGPR-X1-promoted release of CCL2 in a human connective tissue mast cell line endogenously expressing MRGPR-X1. Thus, we provide first evidence to suggest that MRGPR-X1 induce expression of chronic pain markers in DRG neurons and propose a so far unidentified signaling circuit that enhances chemokine signaling by acting on two distinct yet functionally co-operating cell types. Given the important role of chemokine signaling in pain chronification, we propose that interruption of this signaling circuit might be a promising new strategy to alleviate chemokine-promoted pain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, fos
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Ternary Complex Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothe
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Breit
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wierstra I. FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) in tumorigenesis: overexpression in human cancer, implication in tumorigenesis, oncogenic functions, tumor-suppressive properties, and target of anticancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 119:191-419. [PMID: 23870513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor and is also intimately involved in tumorigenesis. FOXM1 stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Additionally, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. In accordance with its role in stimulation of cell proliferation, FOXM1 exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern and its expression is regulated by proliferation and anti-proliferation signals as well as by proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Since these factors are often mutated, overexpressed, or lost in human cancer, the normal control of the foxm1 expression by them provides the basis for deregulated FOXM1 expression in tumors. Accordingly, FOXM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FOXM1 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, because it contributes to oncogenic transformation and participates in tumor initiation, growth, and progression, including positive effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated lung inflammation, self-renewal capacity of cancer cells, prevention of premature cellular senescence, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, in the context of urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis, FOXM1 has an unexpected tumor suppressor role in endothelial cells because it limits pulmonary inflammation and canonical Wnt signaling in epithelial lung cells, thereby restricting carcinogenesis. Accordingly, FOXM1 plays a role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and maintenance of genomic stability, that is, prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy. The implication of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and several antitumor drugs have been reported to decrease FOXM1 expression.
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Rothe K, Solinski HJ, Boekhoff I, Gudermann T, Breit A. Morphine Activates the E Twenty Six-Like Transcription Factor-1/Serum Response Factor Pathway via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 in F11 Cells Derived from Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:41-52. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Role of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Development of Urinary Tract Infection and Kidney Damage. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:681473. [PMID: 22506110 PMCID: PMC3312279 DOI: 10.1155/2012/681473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a causative agent in the vast majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, and infectious complications, which may result in acute renal failure in healthy individuals as well as in renal transplant patients. UPEC expresses a multitude of virulence factors to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier. In response to the breach by UPEC into the normally sterile urinary tract, host inflammatory responses are triggered leading to cytokine production, neutrophil influx, and the exfoliation of infected bladder epithelial cells. Several signaling pathways activated during UPEC infection, including the pathways known to activate the innate immune response, interact with calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Some UPEC isolates, however, might possess strategies to delay or suppress the activation of components of the innate host response in the urinary tract. Studies published in the recent past provide new information regarding how virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli are involved in activation of the innate host response. Despite numerous host defense mechanisms, UPEC can persist within the urinary tract and may serve as a reservoir for recurrent infections and serious complications. Presentation of the molecular details of these events is essential for development of successful strategies for prevention of human UTIs and urological complications associated with UTIs.
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Network modeling of MDM2 inhibitor-oxaliplatin combination reveals biological synergy in wt-p53 solid tumors. Oncotarget 2011; 2:378-92. [PMID: 21623005 PMCID: PMC3248191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier we had shown that the MDM2 inhibitor (MI-219) belonging to the spiro-oxindole family can synergistically enhance the efficacy of platinum chemotherapeutics leading to 50% tumor free survival in a genetically complex pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) xenograft model. In this report, we have taken a systems and network modeling approach in order to understand central mechanisms behind MI219-oxaliplatin synergy with validation in PDAC, colon and breast cancer cell lines. Microarray profiling of drug treatments (MI-219, oxaliplatin or their combination) in capan-2 cells reveal a similar unique set of gene alterations that is duplicated in other solid tumor cells. As single agent, MI-219 or oxaliplatin induced alterations in 48 and 761 genes respectively. The combination treatment resulted in 767 gene alterations with emergence of 286 synergy unique genes. Ingenuity network modeling of combination and synergy unique genes showed the crucial role of five key local networks CREB, CARF, EGR1, NF-kB and E Cadherin. The network signatures were validated at the protein level in all three cell lines. Individually silencing central nodes in these five hubs resulted in abrogation of MI-219-oxaliplatin activity confirming their critical role in aiding p53 mediated apoptotic response. We anticipate that our MI219-oxaliplatin network blueprints can be clinically translated in the rationale design and application of this unique therapeutic combination in a genetically pre-defined subset of patients.
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Steinbicker AU, Liu H, Jiramongkolchai K, Malhotra R, Choe EY, Busch CJ, Graveline AR, Kao SM, Nagasaka Y, Ichinose F, Buys ES, Brouckaert P, Zapol WM, Bloch KD. Nitric oxide regulates pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell expression of the inducible cAMP early repressor gene. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:294-302. [PMID: 21642009 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) structure and function, in part by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to synthesize cGMP. The objective of this study was to further characterize the signaling mechanisms by which NO regulates VSMC gene expression using transcription profiling. DNA microarrays were hybridized with RNA extracted from rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (RPaSMC) exposed to the NO donor compound, S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO). Many of the genes, whose expression was induced by GSNO, contain a cAMP-response element (CRE), of which one encoded the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). sGC and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but not cGMP-dependent protein kinase, were required for NO-mediated phosphorylation of CRE-binding protein (CREB) and induction of ICER gene expression. Expression of a dominant-negative CREB in RPaSMC prevented the NO-mediated induction of CRE-dependent gene transcription and ICER gene expression. Pre-treatment of RPaSMC with the intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) chelator, BAPTA-AM, blocked the induction of ICER gene expression by GSNO. The store-operated Ca(2+) channel inhibitors, 2-ABP, and SKF-96365, reduced the GSNO-mediated increase in ICER mRNA levels, while 2-ABP did not inhibit GSNO-induced CREB phosphorylation. Our results suggest that induction of ICER gene expression by NO requires both CREB phosphorylation and Ca(2+) signaling. Transcription profiling of RPaSMC exposed to GSNO revealed important roles for sGC, PKA, CREB, and Ca(2+) in the regulation of gene expression by NO. The induction of ICER in GSNO-treated RPaSMC highlights a novel cross-talk mechanism between cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea U Steinbicker
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Malla R, Gopinath S, Alapati K, Gondi CS, Gujrati M, Dinh DH, Mohanam S, Rao JS. Downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B induces apoptosis via regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in gliomas. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13731. [PMID: 21060833 PMCID: PMC2966405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumor and is characterized by invasive and infiltrative behavior. uPAR and cathepsin B are known to be overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and are strongly correlated with invasive cancer phenotypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, we observed that simultaneous downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B induces upregulation of some pro-apoptotic genes and suppression of anti-apoptotic genes in human glioma cells. uPAR and cathepsin B (pCU)-downregulated cells exhibited decreases in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and initiated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed that the broad caspase inhibitor, Z-Asp-2, 6-dichlorobenzoylmethylketone rescued pCU-induced apoptosis in U251 cells but not in 5310 cells. Immunoblot analysis of caspase-9 immunoprecipitates for Apaf-1 showed that uPAR and cathepsin B knockdown activated apoptosome complex formation in U251 cells. Downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B also retarded nuclear translocation and interfered with DNA binding activity of CREB in both U251 and 5310 cells. Further western blotting analysis demonstrated that downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B significantly decreased expression of the signaling molecules p-PDGFR-β, p-PI3K and p-Akt. An increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, increased Bax expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression in nude mice brain tumor sections and brain tissue lysates confirm our in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, RNAi-mediated downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B initiates caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in U251 cells and caspase-independent mitochondrial apoptosis in 5310 cells. Thus, targeting uPAR and cathepsin B-mediated signaling using siRNA may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramarao Malla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sreelatha Gopinath
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kiranmai Alapati
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Gondi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meena Gujrati
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dzung H. Dinh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sanjeeva Mohanam
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jasti S. Rao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Selvi BR, Cassel JC, Kundu TK, Boutillier AL. Tuning acetylation levels with HAT activators: Therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:840-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nilaweera KN, Giblin L, Ross RP. Nutrient regulation of enteroendocrine cellular activity linked to cholecystokinin gene expression and secretion. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:85-92. [PMID: 20440595 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hormone cholecystokinin is produced by the enteroendocrine I cells in the intestine, and it plays an important role in a number of physiological processes including digestion and food intake. Recent data suggest that cholecystokinin gene expression and protein secretion are regulated by macronutrients. The mechanism involves a change in intracellular levels of cAMP and Ca(+2), brought about by the activity of a number of nutrient-responsive G protein-coupled receptors, nutrient transporters, ion channels and intracellular enzymes. How these intracellular responses could lead to gene expression and protein secretion are discussed along with new directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Nilaweera
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
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Lee M, Choi S, Halldén G, Yo SJ, Schichnes D, Aponte GW. P2Y5 is a G(alpha)i, G(alpha)12/13 G protein-coupled receptor activated by lysophosphatidic acid that reduces intestinal cell adhesion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G641-54. [PMID: 19679818 PMCID: PMC2763810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00191.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
P2Y5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds and is activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We determined that P2Y5 transcript is expressed along the intestinal mucosa and investigated the intracellular pathways induced by P2Y5 activation, which could contribute to LPA effects on intestinal cell adhesion. P2Y5 heterologously expressed in CHO and small intestinal hBRIE 380i cells was activated by LPA resulting in an increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) when the cells concurrently expressed G(alpha)(Delta6qi5myr). P2Y5 activation also increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 that was sensitive to pertussis toxin. Together these indicate that P2Y5 activation by LPA induces an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation through G(alpha)(i). We discovered that P2Y5 was activated by farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) without a detectable change in [Ca(2+)](i). The activation of P2Y5 by LPA or FPP induced the activity of a serum response element (SRE)-linked luciferase reporter that was inhibited by the RGS domain of p115RhoGEF, C3 exotoxin, and Y-27632, suggesting the involvement of G(alpha)(12/13), Rho GTPase, and ROCK, respectively. However, only LPA-mediated induction of SRE reporter activity was sensitive to inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, PI3K, PLC, and PKC. In addition, only LPA transactivated the epidermal growth factor receptor, leading to an induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These observations correlate with our subsequent finding that P2Y5 activation by LPA, and not FPP, reduced intestinal cell adhesion. This study elucidates a mechanism whereby LPA can act as a luminal and/or serosal cue to alter mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lee
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
| | - Sungwon Choi
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
| | - Sek Jin Yo
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
| | - Denise Schichnes
- 2College of Natural Resources Biological Imaging Facility, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Gregory W. Aponte
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
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Li D, Yin X, Zmuda EJ, Wolford CC, Dong X, White MF, Hai T. The repression of IRS2 gene by ATF3, a stress-inducible gene, contributes to pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis. Diabetes 2008; 57:635-44. [PMID: 18057093 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE beta-Cell failure is an essential component of all types of diabetes, and the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) branch of signaling plays a key role in beta-cell survival and function. We tested the hypothesis that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-inducible proapoptotic gene, downregulates the expression of IRS2 in beta-cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used both the gain- and loss-of-function approaches to test the effects of ATF3 on IRS2 gene expression. We also analyzed the binding of ATF3 to the IRS2 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and the transcription of the IRS2 gene by polymerase II occupancy assay. Furthermore, we tested the ability of IRS2 to alleviate the proapoptotic effects of ATF3 in cultured beta-cells and in transgenic mice using the rat insulin promoter to drive the transgenes. RESULTS Expression of ATF3 is sufficient to reduce IRS2 gene expression; in contrast, knockdown or knockout of ATF3 reduces the ability of stress signals to downregulate IRS2 expression. ATF3 binds to the IRS2 promoter in vivo, and the binding of ATF3 correlates with decreased IRS2 gene transcription. Functionally, expression of IRS2 protects beta-cells from ATF3-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS IRS2 is a target gene of ATF3, and its repression by ATF3 contributes, at least partly, to the apoptosis induced by ATF3. Because ATF3 is a stress-inducible gene, our work provides a direct link to explain how environmental stress factors can modulate IRS2 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Xiao PJ, Hu L, Li J, Lin W, Chen X, Xu P. NSSR1 is regulated in testes development and cryptorchidism and promotes the exon 5-included splicing of CREB transcripts. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:1363-72. [PMID: 17427975 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural salient serine/arginine rich protein 1 (NSSR1, alternatively SRp38) is a newly identified splicing factor that is highly expressed in neural and reproductive tissues. We showed that the expression of testicular NSSR1 increased significantly during mouse testes development. NSSR1 was mainly expressed in germ cells, but barely detected in Sertoli cells. Testicular NSSR1 was mostly phosphorylated and cytosolic in germ cells. In comparison, pituitary NSSR1 was mostly dephosphorylated and nuclear. In the cryptorchid testes, the dephosphorylated NSSR1 was significantly increased. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the alternative splicing of CREB and CREM genes was altered in the cryptorchid testes. In addition, CREB transcripts were associated with NSSR1 either in testes tissues or cultured GC-1 cells. Moreover, the studies with NSSR1 over-expression or silence demonstrated that NSSR1 promoted the exon 5 inclusion of CREB, indicating that NSSR1 is a new factor that regulates the alternative exon 5 inclusion of CREB transcripts. The findings for the first time provide the evidence indicating the potential importance of NSSR1 in testes development, spermatogenesis and cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Jie Xiao
- Laboratory of Genomic Physiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tsuchiya Y, Nakajima M, Takagi S, Katoh M, Zheng W, Jefcoate CR, Yokoi T. Binding of steroidogenic factor-1 to the regulatory region might not be critical for transcriptional regulation of the human CYP1B1 gene. J Biochem 2007; 139:527-34. [PMID: 16567417 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1, which catalyzes 17beta-estradiol 4-hydroxylation, is expressed in steroid-related tissues including ovary, testis, and adrenal gland. Generally, the expressions of steroidogenic CYPs are transcriptionally regulated by steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and cAMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB). In the present study, we examined the possibility that the human CYP1B1 gene might be regulated by SF-1 and CREB. Gel shift analyses revealed that in vitro translated SF-1 can bind to the putative SF-1 binding sites, SF-1a (at -1722) and SF-1b (at -2474), on the CYP1B1 gene. In vitro translated CREB barely binds to the putative SF-1 binding sites. Luciferase analysis revealed that a reporter plasmid, pGL3 (-2623/+25), containing the SF-1a and SF-1b elements is transactivated by the concomitant co-expression of SF-1 and protein kinase A (PKA). However, the transcriptional activity is induced by PKA alone. Mutations in the SF-1a and SF-1b elements did not affect the luciferase activity. Thus, the binding of SF-1 to the putative SF-1 binding sites of the human CYP1B1 gene might not be essential for transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, deletion and mutation analyses indicated that the PKA signaling pathway is involved in the xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-mediated transactivation of the human CYP1B1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsuchiya
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192
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40
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Yuan W, Pan W, Kong J, Zheng W, Szeto FL, Wong KE, Cohen R, Klopot A, Zhang Z, Li YC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses renin gene transcription by blocking the activity of the cyclic AMP response element in the renin gene promoter. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29821-30. [PMID: 17690094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705495200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) down-regulates renin expression. To explore the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the mouse Ren-1c gene promoter by luciferase reporter assays. Deletion analysis revealed two DNA fragments from -2,725 to -2,647 (distal fragment) and from -117 to +6 (proximal fragment) that are sufficient to mediate the repression. Mutation of the cAMP response element (CRE) in the distal fragment blunted forskolin stimulation as well as 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibition of the transcriptional activity, suggesting the involvement of CRE in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced suppression. EMSA revealed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) markedly inhibited nuclear protein binding to the CRE in the promoter. ChIP and GST pull-down assays demonstrated that liganded VDR blocked the binding of CREB to the CRE by directly interacting with CREB with the ligand-binding domain, and the VDR-mediated repression can be rescued by CREB, CBP, or p300 overexpression. These data indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppresses renin gene expression at least in part by blocking the formation of CRE-CREB-CBP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Song J, Duncan MJ, Li G, Chan C, Grady R, Stapleton A, Abraham SN. A novel TLR4-mediated signaling pathway leading to IL-6 responses in human bladder epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e60. [PMID: 17465679 PMCID: PMC1857715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vigorous cytokine response of immune cells to Gram-negative bacteria is primarily mediated by a recognition molecule, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and initiates a series of intracellular NF-κB–associated signaling events. Recently, bladder epithelial cells (BECs) were reported to express TLR4 and to evoke a vigorous cytokine response upon exposure to LPS. We examined intracellular signaling events in human BECs leading to the production of IL-6, a major urinary cytokine, following activation by Escherichia coli and isolated LPS. We observed that in addition to the classical NF-κB–associated pathway, TLR4 triggers a distinct and more rapid signaling response involving, sequentially, Ca2+, adenylyl cyclase 3–generated cAMP, and a transcriptional factor, cAMP response element–binding protein. This capacity of BECs to mobilize secondary messengers and evoke a more rapid IL-6 response might be critical in their role as first responders to microbial challenge in the urinary tract. In spite of frequent cross contamination by bacteria from the gut, urinary tract infections are relatively infrequent. Although much of the credit goes to cells lining the urinary tract, such as bladder cells, how this is achieved remains unclear. Human bladder cells display, on their surfaces, special molecules called Toll-like receptors, which sense the presence of bacteria and trigger the cells to release a variety of chemicals called cytokines. Cytokines contribute to the recruitment of phagocytic cells from the blood to the site of infection to clear bacteria. In this paper, we reveal that the Toll-like receptor–initiated intracellular signals leading to the production of cytokines by bladder cells involve the same pathway seen in other cells, as well as an additional and more rapid signaling pathway. Rapid production of cytokines by bladder cells will facilitate early clearance of bacteria. Additionally, possession of multiple signaling pathways by bladder cells for producing cytokines is advantageous because bacteria that infect the urinary tract have the capability to suppress certain signaling events that lead to cytokine production by bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Song
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Duncan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guojie Li
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Chan
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Grady
- Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ann Stapleton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Xu H, Washington S, Verderame MF, Manni A. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling mitigates the antiproliferative and antiinvasive effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 107:63-70. [PMID: 17333334 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, has significant antiproliferative and antiinvasive effects in breast cancer cells. We have also reported that these antitumor effects are associated with activation of multiple signaling pathways, including STAT-3, STAT-1, Jun-N-Terminal kinase (JNK), and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), the latter being found to mediate its antiinvasive action in MDA-MB-435 cells. The present experiments were designed to test the effect of DFMO on the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and determine its biological significance. We found that DFMO administration (1 mM) to MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells significantly increased cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation as well as the transactivation of pCRE-luc, a CREB-dependent promoter activated by PKA. To determine the significance of this biochemical effect of DFMO, we used the PKA inhibitor H89 which, as expected, suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (1 and 10 microM) basal and DFMO-induced CREB phosphorylation in our system. Administration of H89 alone was able to suppress proliferation of MDA-MB-435 cells when used at a concentration (10 microM) shown to completely block basal CREB phosphorylation. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 muM, H89 treatment, while having no antiproliferative effect of its own, potentiated in a dose-dependent fashion the growth inhibitory action of a suboptimal concentration of DFMO (0.01 mM). Ten micromoles of H89 reduced invasiveness of MDA-MB-435 cells in matrigel by approximately 40% (an effect similar to that of 1 mM DFMO). The combination treatment further reduced invasiveness by approximately 80% (P < 0.01 versus the individual treatments). H89 treatment (10 microM) partially reduced DFMO-induced phosphorylation of STAT-3 but not that of STAT-1, Extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and JNK. In conclusion, our results indicate that PKA signaling exerts proproliferative and proinvasive effects in our experimental system. Therefore, its activation by DFMO represents a compensatory mechanism which should be blocked in order to maximize the antitumor action of the drug. Our data are also consistent with the notion that STAT-3 activation by DFMO is at least in part mediated through the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Gil S, Yosef D, Golan N, Don J. The enigma of ATCE1, an acrosome-associated transcription factor. Dev Biol 2006; 298:201-11. [PMID: 16925989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Atce1 belongs to the CREB3/LZIP subtype of the ATF/CREB transcription factor gene family. Its transcription has previously been shown to be testis-specific and within the testis to be restricted to haploid spermatids. In this study, we characterized the protein's distribution in the testis and found that it accumulates in late round and in elongating spermatids, corresponding to developmental stages considered transcriptionally silent. ATCE1 accumulation is acrosome-specific and persists up to mature epididymal cells, at which stage the protein remained associated with the inner acrosome membrane even after acrosomal reaction. No nuclear localization was evident at any spermatogenic stage. Expression of full-length ATCE1 in various cell lines revealed ER and Golgi localization whereas truncation of the C-terminus allowed entrance into the nucleus. Potent transcriptional activation activity, from kB-containing regulatory elements (but not from CRE elements as one might expect), was observed using the C-terminally truncated nuclear form of ATCE1. These results raise the question of why would a transcription factor be specifically anchored to the acrosome inner membrane? An intriguing speculation that ATCE1 might be paternally delivered to the newly formed zygote is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelzer Gil
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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44
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Li H, Chi CY, Lee S, Andrisani OM. The mitogenic function of hepatitis B virus X protein resides within amino acids 51 to 140 and is modulated by N- and C-terminal regulatory regions. J Virol 2006; 80:10554-64. [PMID: 16920820 PMCID: PMC1641793 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00661-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (pX) is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis by an unknown mechanism. pX variants encoded by HBV genomes found integrated in genomic DNA from liver tumors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally lack amino acids 134 to 154. Since deregulation of mitogenic pathways is linked to oncogenic transformation, herein we define the pX region required for mitogenic pathway activation. A series of pX deletions was used to construct tetracycline-regulated pX-expressing cell lines. The activation of the mitogenic pathways by these pX deletions expressed in the constructed cell lines was measured by transient transreporter assays, effects on endogenous cyclin A expression, and apoptosis. Conditional expression of pX51-140 in AML12 clone 4 cell line activates the mitogenic pathways, induces endogenous cyclin A expression, and sensitizes cells to apoptosis, similar to wild-type (WT) pX. By contrast, pX1-115 is inactive, supporting the idea that amino acids 116 to 140 are required for mitogenic pathway activation. Moreover, this pX deletion analysis demonstrates that WT pX function is modulated by two regions spanning amino acids 1 to 78 and 141 to 154. The N-terminal X1-78, expressed via a retroviral vector in WT pX-expressing 4pX-1 cells, coimmunoprecipitates with WT pX, indicating this pX region participates in protein-protein interactions leading to pX oligomerization. Interestingly, pX1-78 interferes with WT pX in mediating mitogenic pathway activation, endogenous gene expression, and apoptosis. The C-terminal pX region spanning amino acids 141 to 154 decreases pX stability, determined by pulse-chase studies of WT pX and pX1-140, suggesting that increased stability of naturally occurring pX variants lacking amino acids 134 to 154 may play a role in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
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de la Fuente C, Gupta MV, Klase Z, Strouss K, Cahan P, McCaffery T, Galante A, Soteropoulos P, Pumfery A, Fujii M, Kashanchi F. Involvement of HTLV-I Tax and CREB in aneuploidy: a bioinformatics approach. Retrovirology 2006; 3:43. [PMID: 16822311 PMCID: PMC1553470 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a complex and multifaceted disease associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. Tax, the viral oncoprotein, is considered a major contributor to cell cycle deregulation in HTLV-I transformed cells by either directly disrupting cellular factors (protein-protein interactions) or altering their transcription profile. Tax transactivates these cellular promoters by interacting with transcription factors such as CREB/ATF, NF-κB, and SRF. Therefore by examining which factors upregulate a particular set of promoters we may begin to understand how Tax orchestrates leukemia development. Results We observed that CTLL cells stably expressing wild-type Tax (CTLL/WT) exhibited aneuploidy as compared to a Tax clone deficient for CREB transactivation (CTLL/703). To better understand the contribution of Tax transactivation through the CREB/ATF pathway to the aneuploid phenotype, we performed microarray analysis comparing CTLL/WT to CTLL/703 cells. Promoter analysis of altered genes revealed that a subset of these genes contain CREB/ATF consensus sequences. While these genes had diverse functions, smaller subsets of genes were found to be involved in G2/M phase regulation, in particular kinetochore assembly. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of CREB, Tax and RNA Polymerase II at the p97Vcp and Sgt1 promoters in vivo through chromatin immunoprecipitation in CTLL/WT cells. Conclusion These results indicate that the development of aneuploidy in Tax-expressing cells may occur in response to an alteration in the transcription profile, in addition to direct protein interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Binding Sites
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Computational Biology/methods
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- DNA Polymerase II/genetics
- DNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Products, tax/biosynthesis
- Gene Products, tax/genetics
- Gene Products, tax/metabolism
- Genes, pX
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Humans
- Kinetochores/physiology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/virology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/physiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia de la Fuente
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Madhur V Gupta
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zachary Klase
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Katharine Strouss
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Timothy McCaffery
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anthony Galante
- Center for Applied Genomics, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Center for Applied Genomics, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Anne Pumfery
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Niigata University School of Medicine, Asahimachi-Dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Virology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Asahimachi-Dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Glaser S, Francis H, Demorrow S, Lesage G, Fava G, Marzioni M, Venter J, Alpini G. Heterogeneity of the intrahepatic biliary epithelium. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3523-36. [PMID: 16773709 PMCID: PMC4087568 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i22.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to outline the recent findings related to the morphological heterogeneity of the biliary epithelium and the heterogeneous pathophysiological responses of different sized bile ducts to liver gastrointestinal hormones and peptides and liver injury/toxins with changes in apoptotic, proliferative and secretory activities. The knowledge of biliary function is rapidly increasing because of the recognition that biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) are the targets of human cholangiopathies, which are characterized by proliferation/damage of bile ducts within a small range of sizes. The unique anatomy, morphology, innervation and vascularization of the biliary epithelium are consistent with function of cholangiocytes within different regions of the biliary tree. The in vivo models [e.g., bile duct ligation (BDL), partial hepatectomy, feeding of bile acids, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)] and the in vivo experimental tools [e.g., freshly isolated small and large cholangiocytes or intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDU) and primary cultures of small and large murine cholangiocytes] have allowed us to demonstrate the morphological and functional heterogeneity of the intrahepatic biliary epithelium. These models demonstrated the differential secretory activities and the heterogeneous apoptotic and proliferative responses of different sized ducts. Similar to animal models of cholangiocyte proliferation/injury restricted to specific sized ducts, in human liver diseases bile duct damage predominates specific sized bile ducts. Future studies related to the functional heterogeneity of the intrahepatic biliary epithelium may disclose new pathophysiological treatments for patients with cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White Memorial Hospital and The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, MRB, 702 South West H.K. Dodgen Loop, Temple, Texas 76504, USA.
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Schiller M, Böhm M, Dennler S, Ehrchen JM, Mauviel A. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 is critical for interleukin-1-induced, CREB-mediated, c-fos gene expression in keratinocytes. Oncogene 2006; 25:4449-57. [PMID: 16532028 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
c-fos, which encodes a transcription factor of the AP-1 family, is a prototypical immediate-early gene induced by a number of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), the latter being an important regulator of skin homeostasis. Using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT as an in vitro model, we dissected the molecular pathways leading to IL-1-induced c-fos gene induction. Phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) at Ser133 was found to be essential for IL-1-induced c-fos gene induction and was closely paralleled by protein kinase A (PKA) activation. In contrast to other cell types, the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin pathway, known to activate the cAMP/PKA cascade, plays little, if any, role in c-fos expression downstream of the IL-1 receptor in keratinocytes. Simultaneous activation of several of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades occurred in response to IL-1, but each differentially contributed to c-fos induction by IL-1, with the p38/MAPK being the most crucial of all, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway contributing in an additive manner and the Jun N-terminal kinase pathway playing little, if any, role. We also demonstrate that p38-dependent activation of mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1), a CREB kinase, is a key step for c-fos gene activation by IL-1. Finally, we identify MSK1 as playing a positive role in the control of cell proliferation of both HaCaT keratinocytes and the A431 human epidermoid carcinoma line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schiller
- INSERM U697, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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Royaee AR, Hammamieh R, Mendis C, Das R, Jett M, H Yang DC. Induction of immunomodulator transcriptional responses by cholera toxin. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:1020-8. [PMID: 16023726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is the causative agent of cholera, binds to GM1 glycosphingolipids, induces the production of cellular cAMP and is also a very powerful mucosal adjuvant. Although the mechanism of the CT induction of cAMP production is well understood, molecular mechanisms of the adjuvanticity of cholera toxin are yet to be delineated. Here, we examined the interaction of CT with human lymphocytes and monocytes by analyzing the host transcriptional profiles using cDNA arrays. The time courses of the transcriptional activations and repressions of affected genes in lymphocytes and monocytes in response to cholera toxin were determined. CT induced the expression of IL-8 and MIP-1 early in the CT exposure. VEGF, TIMP1, HIF-1alpha, MMP11, hek 8, MCP1, IL-6, GCP 2, urokinase plasminogen activator, and TNF-alpha receptor were upregulated after 4h CT treatment. These genes showed increased expression for 48 h. MRP-14, MRP-8A increased expression after 16 h CT treatment. RT-PCR and real-time PCR using cDNA specific primers confirmed the CT induction and repression of selected genes. The results suggest that immunomodulatory genes were among the genes that were affected the most by CT, and induction of these genes may contribute to the CT adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atabak R Royaee
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 654 Reiss Science Bldg, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Shalin SC, Egli R, Birnbaum SG, Roth TL, Levenson JM, Sweatt JD. Signal transduction mechanisms in memory disorders. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2006; 157:25-41. [PMID: 17167902 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter explores some of the molecular events contributing to memory formation and how, when these events malfunction, disturbances in memory occur. After a brief discussion of signaling in the hippocampus, we will explore the topics of human mental retardation syndromes that involve disruption of these processes, including Angelman syndrome (AS), Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)-associated learning disorders, Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS), Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS), and Rett syndrome (RTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Shalin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Neithardt A, Farshori MP, Shah FB, Catt KJ, Shah BH. Dependence of GnRH-induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD on EGF receptor transactivation in GT1-7 neuronal cells. J Cell Physiol 2006; 208:586-93. [PMID: 16741954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), is a primary regulatory factor in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The GnRH decapeptide is released in an episodic manner from hypothalamic GnRH neurons, which are known to express GnRH receptors. Here we examined the signaling pathways by which autocrine GnRH stimulation generates cell survival and proliferative signals in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Both GnRH and epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused rapid phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and BAD. The selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) antagonist, AG1478, attenuates the phosphorylation of these proteins by GnRH and EGF. Inhibition of PKC and Src abolished the stimulatory effects of GnRH, but not that of EGF, consistent with a critical role of these signaling molecules upstream of the EGF-R. All of these effects of GnRH were mimicked by phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Consistent with the prosurvival and mitogenic effects of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (P13-K/Akt) downstream of the EGF-R, inhibition of P13-K diminished the activation of these proteins following stimulation with GnRH, EGF, and PMA. Overexpression of dominant negative Akt attenuated agonist-induced phosphorylation of BAD, but not that of ERK1/2 and CREB. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type RSK-1 resulted in enhanced basal as well as agonist-induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD, indicating a critical role of RSK-1 in activating cytosolic as well as nuclear proteins. These data reveal novel signaling mechanisms of GnRH-induced phosphorylation of CREB and BAD in GT1-7 neurons through transactivation of the EGF-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Neithardt
- Section on Hormonal Regulation, Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4510, USA
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