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Park CY, Han SN. Vitamin D and obesity. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:221-247. [PMID: 38777414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
An inverse association between vitamin D status and obesity has been reported across diverse populations and age groups in humans. In animal model of diet-induced obesity, dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism has been observed. However, the causal relationship between vitamin D status and obesity is not conclusive. Several explanations, such as volumetric dilution, sequestration of vitamin D into adipose tissue, and limited sunlight exposure, have been suggested as the underlying mechanisms linking poor vitamin D status and obesity. Vitamin D can modulate adipose tissue biology, spanning from adipocyte differentiation to adipocyte apoptosis and energy metabolism, indicating its potential impact on adiposity. In this chapter, we will review the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among different populations, as well as changes in vitamin D metabolism associated with obesity. Additionally, we will review vitamin D's regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis at the cellular level in order to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking vitamin D levels and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Health Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Song A, Gong F, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia W, Xing X, Wang O, Pan H. Explorative research on glucolipid metabolism and levels of adipokines in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:367. [PMID: 38017461 PMCID: PMC10683200 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1 (PHP1) is a rare disease featuring hypocalcemia and elevated PTH level. Though disturbed calcium and phosphorus metabolism under PTH resistant have been widely studied, glucolipid metabolism abnormalities observed in PHP1 patients have received little attention. The aim of this research is to explore the glucolipid metabolism features in a rather large cohort of PHP1 patient. In the current study, PHP1 patients and primary hyperparathyroidism patients as well as normal control were recruited for the investigation. Glucolipid metabolic indices as well as the level of four adipokines were examined. RESULTS A total of 49 PHP1 patients, 64 PHPT patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. A trend of higher HOMA-β index was found in PHP1 patients than normal controls (median 97.08% vs 68.19%, p = 0.060). Both the PHP1 and PHPT group presented with significantly lower TNFα level compared to normal controls (average 10.74 pg/ml and 12.53 pg/ml vs 15.47 pg/ml, p = 0.002 and 0.041, respectively). FGF21 level was significantly higher in PHPT group than in PHP1 group (median 255.74 pg/ml vs 167.46 pg/ml, p = 0.019). No significant difference in glucolipid metabolic indices and adipokines was found between PHP1A or PHP1B patients and normal controls, while overweight/obese PHP1 patients tended to have higher leptin than normal-BMI cases (p = 0.055). Multiple linear regression analysis showed BMI rather than PTH or HOMA-IR to be an independent variable of leptin in PHP1. CONCLUSION Metabolic stress given upon especially overweight PHP1 patients may resulted in possible β-cell compensation. Elevated TNFα may be related with hyper-PTH level regardless of calcium level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - An Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Sharma JK, Khan S, Wilson T, Pilkey N, Kapuria S, Roy A, Adams MA, Holden RM. Are There Any Pleiotropic Benefits of Vitamin D in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231212039. [PMID: 38033482 PMCID: PMC10683388 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231212039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and kidney disease are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Native forms of vitamin D have a lower risk of hypercalcemia than calcitriol, the active hormone. The enzyme responsible for activating native vitamin D is now known to be expressed throughout the body; therefore, native vitamin D may have clinically relevant effects in many body systems. Objective The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effect of native vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes and surrogate laboratory measures in patients with T2D and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Design Systematic review. Setting Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in any country. Patients Adults with T2D and DKD receiving supplementation with any form of native vitamin D (eg, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, calcifediol). Measurements Clinical outcomes and surrogate clinical and laboratory measures reported in each of the trials were included in this review. Methods The following databases were searched from inception to January 31, 2023: Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and medRxiv. Only RCTs examining supplementation with a native vitamin D form with a control or placebo comparison group were included. We excluded studies reporting only vitamin D status or mineral metabolism parameters, without any other outcomes of clinical relevance or surrogate laboratory measures. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2). Results were synthesized in summary tables for each type of outcome with the P values from the original studies displayed. Results Nine publications were included, corresponding to 5 separate RCTs (377 participants total). Mean age ranged from 40 to 63. All trials administered vitamin D3. Intervention groups experienced improvements in vitamin D status and a reduction in proteinuria in 4 of the 5 included RCTs. There was a decrease in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in the 2 trials in which they were measured. Improvements in bone mass, flow-mediated dilation, and inflammation were also reported, but each was only measured in 1 RCT. Effects on glucose metabolism, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and kidney function were mixed. No serious adverse effects were reported. Limitations Limitations include the small number of RCTs and lack of information on the use of drugs that affect measured outcomes (eg, proteinuria-lowering renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and lipid-lowering medication) in most studies. Our study is also limited by the absence of a prestudy protocol and registration. Conclusions Native vitamin D is a safe treatment that improves vitamin D status in patients with DKD. Vitamin D may modify proteinuria and lipid metabolism in DKD, but further well-designed trials that include well-established treatments are necessary. Overall, there is limited evidence for beneficial pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya K. Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sono Khan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tristin Wilson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Pilkey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjana Kapuria
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Angélique Roy
- Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Holden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Dobreva EA, Gorbacheva AM, Bibik EE, Eremkina AK, Elfimova AR, Salimkhanov RK, Kovaleva EV, Maganeva IS, Mokrysheva NG. Cardiovascular and metabolic status in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a single-center experience. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266728. [PMID: 37842310 PMCID: PMC10570793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders (MD) have retained leading positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality for many years. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is also associated with a greater incidence of CVD and MD. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and structure of CVD and MD in hospitalized patients with PHPT and to search for possible associations between these pathologies. Methods 838 patients with a verified PHPT were included in the study. The studied cohort was divided into 2 groups according to their age at the time of admission: patients aged 18 to 49 years (group A, n = 150); patients aged 50 years and older (group B, n = 688). Results There were no significant differences between two groups in parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Obesity was diagnosed in 24.2% of patients in group A and in 35.9% in group B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was more common in older patients (14.4% in group B vs. 2.6% in group A). Arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure and brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis were more frequent in older patients, occurring in 79.1%, 10.8%, 8.4%, and 84% of cases respectively. The cutoff points that increased the risk of CVD detection turned out to be age above 56 years, eGFR below 92 ml/min/1.73m2, BMI above 28.3 kg/m2. Discussion The present study demonstrated a high incidence of some CVD, as well as disorders of lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism in patients with PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Dobreva
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M. Gorbacheva
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Bibik
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna K. Eremkina
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina R. Elfimova
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam Kh. Salimkhanov
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Kovaleva
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S. Maganeva
- Department of Parathyroid Glands Pathology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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Mohater S, Qahtan S, Alrefaie Z, Alahmadi A. Vitamin D improves hepatic alterations in ACE1 and ACE2 expression in experimentally induced metabolic syndrome. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101709. [PMID: 37559868 PMCID: PMC10407910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a term used to describe a cluster of pathophysiological, biochemical, and metabolic criteria; including high Blood Pressure (BP), high cholesterol, dyslipidaemia, central obesity and Insulin Resistance (IR). The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has a regulatory function in BP, hydroelectrolyte balance, and cardiovascular function. RAS is composed of angiotensinogen (AGT), (Ang I), (Ang II), (ACE1), (ACE2), (AT1R), (AT2R), and (Ang 1-7). Vitamin D had been proved to act as a protective factor against MetS. Therefore, the study is pursued to explore vitamin D supplementation roles on hepatic RAS in MetS experimental model. At first, 36 males Albino rats were separated into 4 groups and induced to MetS under controlled circumstances for 3 months. Then, data were collected from blood samples, whereas RNA extracted from liver were analyzed using biochemical and statistical analysis tests. As a result, the major finding was proving that vitamin D can balance the expression of ACE1 and ACE2. Also, confirming that it can improve MetS components by elevating HDL and insulin levels while reducing the levels of BP, cholesterol, LDL, TG, GLU, ALT, AST, and IR. These outcomes may give a new insight into the RAS pathways associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohater
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Qahtan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zienab Alrefaie
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Huang X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1653. [PMID: 37644450 PMCID: PMC10464009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults. METHODS Four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Twenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51-27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31-15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02-12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88). CONCLUSIONS Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingling Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Bibik EE, Dobreva EA, Elfimova AR, Miliutina AP, Eremkina AK, Gorbacheva AM, Krupinova JA, Koksharova EO, Sklyanik IA, Mayorov AY, Mokrysheva NG. Primary hyperparathyroidism in young patients is associated with metabolic disorders: a prospective comparative study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36890506 PMCID: PMC9995253 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Components of metabolic syndrome can be observed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The link between these disorders remains unclear due to the lack of relevant experimental models and the heterogeneity of examined groups. The effect of surgery on metabolic abnormalities is also controversial. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of metabolic parameters in young patients with PHPT. METHODS One-center prospective comparative study was carried out. The participants underwent a complex biochemical and hormonal examination, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps, a bioelectrical impedance analysis of the body composition before and 13 months after parathyroidectomy compared to sex-, age- and body mass index matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS 45.8% of patients (n = 24) had excessive visceral fat. Insulin resistance was detected in 54.2% of cases. PHPT patients had higher serum triglycerides, lower M-value and higher C-peptide and insulin levels in both phases of insulin secretion compared to the control group (p < 0.05 for all parameters). There were tendencies to decreased fasting glucose (p = 0.031), uric acid (p = 0.044) and insulin levels of the second secretion phase (p = 0.039) after surgery, but no statistically significant changes of lipid profile and M-value as well as body composition were revealed. We obtained negative correlations between percent body fat and osteocalcin and magnesium levels in patients before surgery. CONCLUSION PHPT is associated with insulin resistance that is the main risk factor of serious metabolic disorders. Surgery may potentially improve carbohydrate and purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E. Bibik
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Dobreva
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Alina R. Elfimova
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Anastasiia P. Miliutina
- Department of Registers of Endocrinopathies, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Anna K. Eremkina
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Anna M. Gorbacheva
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Julia A. Krupinova
- Department of Parathyroid Pathology and Mineral Disorders, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Koksharova
- Laboratory of Clamp-Technology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Igor A. Sklyanik
- Laboratory of Clamp-Technology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
| | - Alexander Y. Mayorov
- Laboratory of Clamp-Technology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Dm. Ulyanova St., 11, Moscow, 117036 Russia
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Qorbani M, Zarei M, Moradi Y, Appannah G, Djalainia S, Pourrostami K, Ejtahed HS, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Naderali EK, Khazdouz M. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiac-metabolic risk factors in elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:88. [PMID: 35752843 PMCID: PMC9233853 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a longstanding interest in the potential effect of vitamin D in preventing cardiac-metabolic diseases. However, there are divergent results regarding the impact of vitamin D supplementation (VDS) on managing cardiac-metabolic outcomes in the elderly population. MATERIAL AND METHOD We systematically searched electronic databases; Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ProQuest. We included all trials that evaluated the effect of VDS on cardiac-metabolic risk factors in the elderly population, which were published until 30 September 2021. The effects of VDS on cardiac-metabolic outcomes were assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD). A random-effect model was used to pool the SMD and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT The literature search identified 4409 studies, of which 12 trials met inclusion criteria. Results of random effect meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: - 0.14 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 0.25, - 0.02) and triglyceride (TG) (SMD: - 0.45 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 0.86, - 0.04) with VDS compared to the placebo. The subgroup analyses revealed that the reduction of TG in patients with diabetes and vitamin D deficiency was significant. Furthermore, short-term intervention (≤ 6 months) induced a significantly lower level of TG and insulin in comparison to longer duration (> 6 months). CONCLUSION The study suggests that VDS could improve insulin concentration and dyslipidemia in the elderly population. The systematic review was registered in Alborz university of medical sciences with 2060-01-03-1397 number and the Ethics council IR.ABZUMS.REC.1397.207 number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition Community, Deputy of Health affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Geeta Appannah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shirin Djalainia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kumars Pourrostami
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khazdouz
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Thams L, Stounbjerg NG, Hvid LG, Mølgaard C, Hansen M, Damsgaard CT. Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6-8-y-old children-the D-pro trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1080-1091. [PMID: 35015806 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that prevention of lifestyle diseases should begin early. Dairy protein and vitamin D can affect body composition and cardiometabolic markers, yet evidence among well-nourished children is sparse. OBJECTIVES We investigated combined and separate effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children. METHODS In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized trial, 200 white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children substituted 260 g/d dairy in their diet with high-protein (HP; 10 g protein/100 g) or normal-protein (NP; 3.5 g protein/100 g) yogurt and received blinded tablets with 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 24 wk during winter. We measured body composition (by DXA), blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids. RESULTS In total, 184 children (92%) completed the study. Baseline median (25th-75th percentile) dairy protein intake was median: 3.7 (25th-75th percentile: 2.5-5.1) energy percentage (E%) and increased to median: 7.2 (25th-75th percentile: 4.7-8.8) E% and median: 4.2 (25th-75th percentile: 3.1-5.3) E% with HP and NP. Mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration changed from 81 ± 17 to 89 ± 18 nmol/L and 48 ± 13 nmol/L with vitamin D and placebo, respectively. There were no combined effects of dairy protein and vitamin D, except for plasma glucose, with the largest increase in the NP-vitamin D group (Pinteraction = 0.005). There were smaller increases in fat mass index (P = 0.04) with HP than with NP, and the same pattern was seen for insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide (all P = 0.06). LDL cholesterol was reduced with vitamin D compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Fat-free mass and blood pressure were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS High compared with normal dairy protein intake hampered an increase in fat mass index. Vitamin D supplementation counteracted the winter decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the increase in LDL cholesterol observed with placebo. This study adds to the sparse evidence on dairy protein in well-nourished children and supports a vitamin D intake of ∼20 µg/d during winter. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03956732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Thams
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna G Stounbjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome among the elderly population of Birjand, Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:475-481. [PMID: 35673492 PMCID: PMC9167312 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background With increasing life expectancy and the aging population of most countries, attention to the diseases of old age has also increased. Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, the present study was designed and performed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels in Iranian elderly with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This study was conducted on an elderly population of Birjand (60 and older) in the urban and rural areas of the city. In 1325 elderly men and women, with age range of 60 and older, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, anthropometric measurements and laboratory variables were measured. Results Twenty-eight percent of the elderly participants in the study had vitamin D deficiency. We found that participants with higher 25(OH)D had lower odds for elevated waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.98), reduced HDL (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.86-0.97) and elevated fasting blood sugar (FBS) (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.89-0.98). We not found any significant association between 25(OH)D levels and other MetS components. Conclusion Higher 25(OH)D levels in the elderly are linked to a reduced prevalence of MetS and, specifically, higher levels of favorable HDL-C, WC and FBS. Further intervention studies are needed to substantiate the results of this study.
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Xu H, Han G, Wang L, Ding H, Wang C, Ping X, Dong C, Zhang D, Dai Y, Li N, Li Y, Yang H, Zhu H, Pan H, Gong F, Chen J, Xing X. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely related to metabolic syndrome risk profile in northern Chinese subjects without vitamin D supplementation. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 35093150 PMCID: PMC8800320 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparatively low 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been reported in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Herein we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between serum 25(OH)D levels and MetS risk profile in northern middle-aged Chinese subjects without vitamin D supplementation. METHODS A cohort of 211 participants including 151 MetS patients and 60 controls at 20-69 years of age were enrolled from suburban Beijing, China. The recruited MetS patients were subjected to diet and exercise counselling for 1-year. All subjects at baseline and MetS patients after intervention underwent clinical evaluations. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly decreased in MetS patients. 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to MetS score, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) after adjusting for cofounders (all P < 0.05). Participants in the lowest tertile of 25(OH)D levels had increased odds for MetS (P = 0.045), elevated FBG (P = 0.004) in all subjects, and one MetS score gain in MetS patients (P = 0.005). Longitudinally, the metabolic statuses as well as 25(OH)D levels of MetS patients were significantly improved (all P < 0.05), and the increase of 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to MetS scores, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), FBG, and TyG, while positively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D levels were significantly decreased in MetS patients, and it was negatively associated with metabolic dysfunctions at baseline and 1-year after. Metabolic aberrations of MetS patients were significantly ameliorated with 1-year follow-up counselling accompanying by notably elevated 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dianxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jichun Chen
- Nutrition department, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ha J, Baek H, Jeong C, Kim H, Baek KH, Kang MI, Lim DJ. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Parameters in Healthy Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5233-5240. [PMID: 34512006 PMCID: PMC8427678 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s329243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies investigating the association between vitamin D and metabolic parameters have reported inconsistent results depending on the characteristics of the subjects. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and various metabolic indicators in healthy Korean adults by using nationally representative data. Methods A total of 3640 participants were included after excluding subjects who were ≤19 years of age and had a history of treatment for dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes and a history of other chronic diseases such as liver and kidney diseases. After dividing the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level into quartiles, the risk of having each metabolic parameter higher than the median value was determined according to the 25(OH)D quartile by using regression analysis. Results In a multivariate regression analysis, a higher 25(OH)D quartile tended to have a significantly lower risk of having a triglyceride (TG) level higher than the median value (103.1 mg/dl). As the quartile increased, the risk of having a waist circumference or body mass index higher than the median value also decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant changes were observed in fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin level according to quartile. Conclusion We demonstrated that subjects with a higher 25(OH)D quartile exhibited a significantly lower risk of having a TG level higher than the median value in a representative Korean population. More evidence from a prospective study on whether vitamin D supplementation improves serum TG levels in healthy adults is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hansang Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaiho Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hyunsam Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongshin Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Schleu MF, Barreto-Duarte B, Arriaga MB, Araujo-Pereira M, Ladeia AM, Andrade BB, Lima ML. Lower Levels of Vitamin D Are Associated with an Increase in Insulin Resistance in Obese Brazilian Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:2979. [PMID: 34578857 PMCID: PMC8471993 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult women are more likely to be obese than men. Moreover, there is evidence that obesity is a risk factor for increased insulin resistance (IR) and hypovitaminosis D (VITD), conditions related to metabolic and endocrinologic disturbance. We performed a cross-sectional study with 103 women diagnosed with obesity, recruited between 2009 and 2013, in an obesity referral outpatient clinic in Bahia, Brazil. Laboratory and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups according to the degree of obesity (I, II and III), and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were used to define the VITD status (insufficiency and no insufficiency). We calculated the homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index to assess insulin resistance in the groups. Our analyses revealed that HOMA-IR values and VITD levels were inversely correlated. Furthermore, we observed a distinct expression profile of values of laboratory markers according to 25(OH)D levels. Negative correlations were found between HOMA-IR and body mass index (BMI) in VITD insufficient participants but not in those with the sufficiency. Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated independent associations between lower levels of 25(OH)D and increased values of HOMA-IR. These findings suggests that lower levels of VITD are strongly associated with the increased IR in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna F. Schleu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador 41720-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Maria B. Arriaga
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Marice Ladeia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador 41720-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
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Karampela I, Sakelliou A, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Vitamin D and Obesity: Current Evidence and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:162-180. [PMID: 33792853 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly increased prevalence worldwide, there is an intense research interest to clarify all aspects of this association. This review summarizes current evidence from meta-analyses investigating vitamin D status in obesity, including the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and the outcomes of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. We also discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and important controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Data from meta-analyses consistently support an inverse association of vitamin D levels with body weight. However, the impact of weight loss on improving vitamin D status is small, while studies on the supplementation with vitamin D after bariatric surgery have shown conflicting results regarding vitamin D status. Moreover, interventional studies do not support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. These findings warrant a cautious interpretation due to important methodological limitations and confounding factors, such as high heterogeneity of studies, variable methods of determination of vitamin D and definition of deficiency/insufficiency, use of various adiposity measures and definitions of obesity, and inadequate adjustment for confounding variables influencing vitamin D levels. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms associating low vitamin D in obesity include volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and decreased vitamin D synthesis in the adipose tissue and liver. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D may be implicated in adipose tissue differentiation and growth leading to obesity either by regulation of gene expression or through modulation of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and leptin. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status but weight loss has little effect on improving this; vitamin D supplementation is also not associated with weight loss. Evidence regarding vitamin D status after bariatric surgery is contradicting. The link between vitamin D and obesity remains controversial due to important limitations and confounding of studies. More research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between vitamin D and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Sakelliou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou St, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos-Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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15
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Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Lebanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072033. [PMID: 32659891 PMCID: PMC7400886 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in older people. Our aim in this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D treatment on inflammatory markers in non-obese Lebanese patients with T2DM, living in Beirut, Lebanon. METHODS Non-Obese patients with T2DM (n = 88), deficient/insufficient in vitamin D, were randomly assigned into one of two groups-a treatment group receiving 30,000 IU cholecalciferol/week for a period of six months, and a placebo group. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were the primary outcomes. A homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed, in addition to serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1C, (25(OH) D), and PTH. RESULTS The vitamin D group showed higher blood levels of (25(OH) D) (p < 0.0001), and a significant reduction in hs-CRP and TNF-α concentrations (p < 0.0001) compared to placebo. The decrease perceived in IL-6 concentrations was not significant (p = 0.1). No significant changes were seen in FBG (p = 0.9) and HbA1c levels (p = 0.85). CONCLUSION Six months of vitamin D supplementation led to a decrease in some inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. Additional studies with a larger sample and a longer period are advised in this regard. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov; Identifier number: NCT03782805.
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Hiemstra T, Lim K, Thadhani R, Manson JE. Vitamin D and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4033-4050. [PMID: 30946457 PMCID: PMC7112191 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A large body of experimental and observational data has implicated vitamin D deficiency in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence to support routine vitamin D supplementation to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease is lacking. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive literature review was performed using Pubmed and other literature search engines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Mounting epidemiological evidence and data from Mendelian randomization studies support a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, but randomized trial evidence to support vitamin D supplementation is sparse. Current public health guidelines restrict vitamin D intake recommendations to the maintenance of bone health and prevention of fractures. Two recently published large trials (VITAL and ViDA) that assessed the role of moderate-to-high dose vitamin D supplementation as primary prevention for cardiovascular outcomes in the general population had null results, and previous randomized trials have also been generally negative. These findings from general population cohorts that are largely replete in vitamin D may not be applicable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations, in which the use of active (1α-hydroxylated) vitamin D compounds is prevalent, or to other high-risk populations. Additionally, recent trials in the CKD population, and trials using vitamin D analogues have been limited. CONCLUSIONS Current randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation do not support benefits for cardiovascular health, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Additional randomized trials assessing larger numbers of participants with low baseline vitamin D levels, having longer follow-up periods, and testing higher vitamin D dosages, are needed to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hiemstra
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Durgarao Y, Manjrekar PA, Adhikari P, Chakrapani M, Rukmini MS. Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Associated Cardiovascular Complications - The Vitamin D Perspective. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:139-153. [PMID: 30648528 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190114155302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, a steroid hormone is primarily known for its role in calcium and bone mineral homeostasis. Over the years, vitamin D has been implicated in various non-skeletal diseases. The extraskeletal phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in almost all cells and identification of 1-α hydroxylase in extrarenal tissues. The vitamin D deficiency (VDD) pandemic was globally reported with increasing evidence and paralleled the prevalence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A dependent link was proposed between hypovitaminosis D glycemic status, insulin resistance and also the other major factors associated with type 2 diabetes leading to CVDs. Insulin resistance plays a central role in both type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndrome. These 2 disorders are associated with distinct etiologies including hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and significant vascular abnormalities that could lead to endothelial dysfunction. Evidence from randomised clinical trials and meta-analysis, however, yielded conflicting results. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in the regulation of glucose homeostasis with an emphasis on insulin resistance, blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular diseases and also underline the plausible mechanisms for all the documented effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Durgarao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Poornima A Manjrekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Chakrapani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - M S Rukmini
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Hu J, Jia J, Zhang Y, Miao R, Huo X, Ma F. Effects of vitamin D 3 supplementation on cognition and blood lipids: a 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1341-1347. [PMID: 30279212 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rujuan Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Gannagé-Yared MH, Sabbagh R, Chédid R. Relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile in Lebanese school children. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1043-1049. [PMID: 29411311 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited information is available regarding the association of vitamin D and lipid profile in pediatric populations. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a large sample of Lebanese schoolchildren and to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile. METHODS 969 Lebanese schoolchildren (505 boys and 464 girls) aged 8-18 years were recruited from 10 schools of different socioeconomic status (SES). Non-fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Non-HDL-C was calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (level below 20 ng/ml) is 56.6% (48.1% in boys, 65.7% in girls). There is no significant relationship between 25(OH)D levels and age. 25(OH)D is inversely correlated with BMI in the total population, and in boys and girls (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and is higher in children from high SES schools and during the summer season (p < 0.0001 in both cases). 25(OH)D is inversely correlated with triglycerides and non-HDL-C in the total population and in boys and girls (p < 0.0001 for all), and positively correlated with HDL-C in the total population and in boys but not in girls (p = 0.001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.1, respectively). In a multilinear regression analysis, in the overall population, 25(OH)D is independently associated with sex, season, school's SES, BMI, triglycerides and non-HDL-C. In boys, the association with BMI and season is non-significant. CONCLUSION An independent relationship is observed between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors in the pediatric Lebanese population Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Gannagé-Yared
- Division of Endocrinology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - R Sabbagh
- Division of Endocrinology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Chédid
- Division of Endocrinology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Leptin Is Produced by Parathyroid Glands and Stimulates Parathyroid Hormone Secretion. Ann Surg 2017; 266:1075-1083. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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The association of vitamin D status and dietary calcium intake with individual components of the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in Victoria, Australia. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:136-144. [PMID: 31646131 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), dietary calcium (Ca) intake, and individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We analyzed a population-based sample of 18-75-year-old adults (n=3387) from the Victorian Health Monitor survey. Results After adjustment for sociodemographic, physical, and dietary factors, as well as other MetS components, every 10 nmol/l increment in 25-OHD was associated with reduced adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of elevated triglycerides (TG) [AOR: 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.84, P<0.001], and higher fasting plasma glucose (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96, P=0.002). After adjustment for confounders, every 500 mg/day increment in dietary Ca intake significantly reduced the odds of elevated diastolic blood pressure (AOR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.99, P=0.038). When nine combinations of 25-OHD and Ca tertiles were examined, certain combinations were associated with reduced AOR for elevated TG (P<0.001), when referenced against the combination of low 25-OHD (median: 33 nmol/l) and low Ca (median: 579 mg/day). At low 25-OHD, increasing Ca intake decreased the AOR for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner, but at high 25-OHD; such effects of Ca were blunted. Conclusion Higher vitamin D status and Ca intake or their combination were associated with reduced odds for a number of individual MetS components.
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23
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Marwaha RK, Garg MK, Mahalle N, Bhadra K, Tandon N. Role of Parathyroid Hormone in Determination of Fat Mass in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:848-853. [PMID: 29285447 PMCID: PMC5729672 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a global epidemic and it is rising is Asia. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widely prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Studies have linked VDD to obesity and shown correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D), and fat mass (FM). However, studies on the role of PTH among subjects with VDD are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study the role of PTH in the determination of FM in participants with VDD. SUBJECTS Five hundred and fifty-one adults (m:247, f:304) were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total and regional (trunk, arm, and leg) FM was assessed by dual X-ray absorptometry. Biochemical and hormonal parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, ionic calcium, 25(OH)D, and PTH were also analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 58.8 ± 15.8 years (Male: [63.3 ± 13.1], Female: [55.2 ± 16.9]). FM and body mass index were significantly lower in females with higher levels of serum 25(OH)D. Total FM was negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = -0.363, P < 0.0001) and positively correlated with serum PTH (r: 0.262, P < 0.0001) in females only. Females with VDD and secondary hyperparathyroidism had higher FM than those with normal PTH. CONCLUSIONS Females with VDD had higher total and regional FM. However, this correlation was evident only in those with high serum PTH levels, suggesting a potential role of PTH in the accumulation of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. K. Garg
- Departmemt of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namita Mahalle
- Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kuntal Bhadra
- Department of Endocrinology, Thyroid Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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24
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Bikle DD. Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1376:29-52. [PMID: 27649525 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly all, if not all, cells in the body. The enzyme that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D and ligand for VDR, namely CYP27B1, likewise is widely expressed in many cells of the body. These observations indicate that the role of vitamin D is not limited to regulation of bone and mineral homeostasis, as important as that is. Rather, the study of its extraskeletal actions has become the major driving force behind the significant increase in research articles on vitamin D published over the past several decades. A great deal of information has accumulated from cell culture studies, in vivo animal studies, and clinical association studies that confirms that extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are truly widespread and substantial. However, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, when done, have by and large not produced the benefits anticipated by the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies. In this review, I will examine the role of vitamin D signaling in a number of extraskeletal tissues and assess the success of translating these findings into treatments of human diseases affecting those extracellular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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25
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Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180512. [PMID: 28686645 PMCID: PMC5501555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation. Methods and findings We identified systematic reviews (SR) reporting summary data in terms of MAs of RCTs on selected non-skeletal outcomes. For each outcome, we summarized the results from available SRs and scrutinized included RCTs for a number of predefined characteristics. We identified 54 SRs including data from 210 RCTs. Most MAs as well as the individual RCTs reported null-findings on risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, weight-loss, and malignant diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation was reported in 1 of 4 MAs on depression, 2 of 9 MAs on blood pressure, 3 of 7 MAs on respiratory tract infections, and 8 of 12 MAs on mortality. Most RCTs have primarily been performed to determine skeletal outcomes, whereas non-skeletal effects have been assessed as secondary outcomes. Only one-third of the RCTs had low level of 25OHD as a criterion for inclusion and a mean baseline 25OHD level below 50 nmol/L was only present in less than half of the analyses. Conclusions Published RCTs have mostly been performed in populations without low 25OHD levels. The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels.
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26
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Javadian M, Yazdani S, Hajian-Tilaki K, Gharouei R. Calcium-vitamin D supplementation; does it affect lipid profile of menopaused women with normal renal function? J Nephropharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/npj.2017.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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Fu J, Hou C, Li L, Feng D, Li G, Li M, Li C, Gao S, Li M. Vitamin D modifies the associations between circulating betatrophin and cardiometabolic risk factors among youths at risk for metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:142. [PMID: 27716289 PMCID: PMC5054537 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betatrophin has been recently reported to play a role in glucose homeostasis by inducing beta-cell proliferation in mice. However, studies in human are inconsistent. As a nutritionally-regulated liver-enriched factor, we hypothesize that betatrophin might be regulated by vitamin D, and ignorance of vitamin D status may explain the discrepancy in previous human studies. The aims of this study were to assess the association between circulating betatrophin and glucose homeostasis as well as other cardiometabolic variables in a cohort of youths at risk for metabolic syndrome and test the possible influence of vitamin D status on the association. Methods 559 subjects aged 14–28 years were recruited from Beijing children and adolescents metabolic syndrome study. All underwent a 2 h-oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of betatrophin, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D as well as adipokines including adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were measured by immunoassays. The relationships between betatrophin and insulin resistance, beta-cell function, other cardiometabolic variables and vitamin D status were evaluated. Results Participants in the highest quartile of betatrophin levels had the highest levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglyceride (P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and the lowest levels of vitamin D (P = 0.003). After stratification by vitamin D status, betatrophin in subjects with vitamin D deficiency were positively correlated with unfavorable metabolic profiles including high blood pressures, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, whereas betatrophin in those with higher vitamin D levels only showed negative association with fasting insulin, 2 h-insulin, and insulin resistance. In addition, adiponectin and FGF21 demonstrated the expected associations with metabolic parameters. Conclusions Elevated betatrophin levels were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in this young population, but the association was largely dependent on vitamin D status. These findings may provide valuable insights in the regulation of betatrophin and help explain the observed discrepancies in literature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0461-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Cong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10043, China
| | - Lujiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10043, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10043, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Vogt S, Wahl S, Kettunen J, Breitner S, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Suhre K, Waldenberger M, Kratzsch J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Peters A, Grallert H, Ala-Korpela M, Thorand B. Characterization of the metabolic profile associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a cross-sectional analysis in population-based data. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1469-1481. [PMID: 27605587 PMCID: PMC5100623 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous observational studies have observed associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic diseases, but these findings might be confounded by obesity. A characterization of the metabolic profile associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, in general and stratified by abdominal obesity, may help to untangle the relationship between vitamin D, obesity and cardiometabolic health. METHODS Serum metabolomics measurements were obtained from a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)- and a mass spectrometry (MS)-based platform. The discovery was conducted in 1726 participants of the population-based KORA-F4 study, in which the associations of the concentrations of 415 metabolites with 25(OH)D levels were assessed in linear models. The results were replicated in 6759 participants (NMR) and 609 (MS) participants, respectively, of the population-based FINRISK 1997 study. RESULTS Mean [standard deviation (SD)] 25(OH)D levels were 15.2 (7.5) ng/ml in KORA F4 and 13.8 (5.9) ng/ml in FINRISK 1997; 37 metabolites were associated with 25(OH)D in KORA F4 at P < 0.05/415. Of these, 30 associations were replicated in FINRISK 1997 at P < 0.05/37. Among these were constituents of (very) large very-low-density lipoprotein and small low-density lipoprotein subclasses and related measures like serum triglycerides as well as fatty acids and measures reflecting the degree of fatty acid saturation. The observed associations were independent of waist circumference and generally similar in abdominally obese and non-obese participants. CONCLUSIONS Independently of abdominal obesity, higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a metabolite profile characterized by lower concentrations of atherogenic lipids and a higher degree of fatty acid polyunsaturation. These results indicate that the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic diseases is unlikely to merely reflect obesity-related pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogt
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, .,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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29
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Glueck CJ, Jetty V, Rothschild M, Duhon G, Shah P, Prince M, Lee K, Goldenberg M, Kumar A, Goldenberg N, Wang P. Associations between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Lipids, Lipoprotein Cholesterols, and Homocysteine. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 8:284-90. [PMID: 27583236 PMCID: PMC4982357 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.187137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, mediated in part by independent positive relationships with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and inverse relationships with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride, and homocysteine. Aims: In this study, we assessed relationships between fasting serum vitamin D and lipids, lipoprotein cholesterols, and homocysteine. Materials and Methods: We studied 1534 patients sequentially referred to our center from 2007 to 2016. Fasting serum total 25(OH) vitamin D, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were measured. Stepwise regression models were used with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine as dependent variables and explanatory variables age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), and serum vitamin D levels. Relationships between quintiles of serum vitamin D and triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were assessed after covariance adjusting for age, race, gender, and BMI. Results: Fasting serum vitamin D was positively correlated with age, HDLC, and White race, and was inversely correlated with BMI, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting serum homocysteine (P ≤ 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse explanatory variable for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol, and accounted for the largest amount of variance in serum total cholesterol (partial R2 =3.6%), triglyceride (partial R2 =3.1%), and LDLC (partial R2 =2.9%) (P < 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant positive explanatory variable for HDLC (partial R2 = 1.4%, P < 0.0001), and a significant inverse explanatory variable for homocysteine (partial R2 = 6.0–12.6%). Conclusions: In hyperlipidemic patients, serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse determinant of total cholesterol, LDLC, triglyceride, and homocysteine, and a significant independent positive determinant of HDLC. Thus, serum vitamin D might be protective against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Glueck
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vybhav Jetty
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matan Rothschild
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory Duhon
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marloe Prince
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Goldenberg
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashwin Kumar
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Naila Goldenberg
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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30
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Vitamin D and body composition in the elderly. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:585-592. [PMID: 27346177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between vitamin D status and body composition in the elderly. METHODS This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, including subjects aged 55 years and older. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured between 1997 and 1999. Total body fat, android fat, gynoid fat and lean mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during a follow-up visit after a median time of 5 years (2002-2004). We calculated body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, and android/gynoid fat ratio. We had 2158 participants included in our analysis. We used multivariable linear regression models. Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed continuously and after categorization according to cut-offs. RESULTS Mean (±SD) serum 25(OH)D concentration of the study population was 52.6 ± 25.4 nmol/L. Compared to subjects with an adequate vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L), vitamin D deficient participants (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) had a higher body fat percentage (β = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.04) whereas no association was found with lean mass (β = 0.01, 95%CI: -0.33, 0.35). Lower 25(OH)D was associated with higher total body fat percentage specifically in participants without cardio-metabolic disease. Each 10 unit increase in serum 25(OH)D was associated with 0.03 unit decrease in android fat (β = -0.03, 95%CI: -0.06, -0.01); after adjustment for BMI the association was no longer significant. Serum 25(OH)D was also associated with the android/gynoid fat ratio but this was also mainly explained by BMI. CONCLUSION Lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a higher fat mass percentage. The association between serum 25(OH)D and differential fat distribution in the elderly was mainly explained by BMI and deserves further study.
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George JA, Norris SA, Toman M, Snyman T, Crowther NJ. Visceral adiposity is a predictor of parathyroid hormone levels in healthy adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:447-53. [PMID: 26501363 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to correlate positively with fat mass, however there are no studies that have investigated whether this association is a result of, or is modified by, body fat distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PTH with several body composition indices, namely visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adiposity (SCAT) as well as with lean mass and with serum leptin, which has been reported to increase PTH. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which PTH was measured by chemiluminescent assay; body fat and lean mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal fat by ultrasonography in 714 healthy adults aged 18-65 years. Serum leptin was measured by ELISA. RESULTS In a multivariate linear regression model that included height, age, gender, ethnicity, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, leptin levels, calcium, magnesium and phosphate concentrations, glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation as independent variables and PTH as the dependent variable, VAT (β = 0.094, p = 0.035) correlated significantly with PTH levels but SCAT (β = -0.045, p = 0.386) and body fat mass (β = 0.098, p = 0.126) did not. Leptin did not correlate with PTH (β = 0.013, p = 0.832) in this regression model. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PTH is significantly associated with VAT in healthy adults. In view of the association of PTH with increased cardiovascular mortality, it is important to investigate this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Room 3B 41, Third Floor, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - S A Norris
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Toman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Room 3B 41, Third Floor, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - T Snyman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Room 3B 41, Third Floor, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - N J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Room 3B 41, Third Floor, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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32
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Chang E, Kim Y. Vitamin D decreases adipocyte lipid storage and increases NAD-SIRT1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition 2015; 32:702-8. [PMID: 26899162 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that low vitamin D status is associated with obesity characterized by excess lipid storage in adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the most hormonally active form of vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] on adipocyte fat storage and lipid metabolism in mature 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with various concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation, intracellular lipid content, and basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured to investigate the regulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D in adipocyte lipid metabolism. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D on adipogenesis-related markers, fatty acid oxidation-associated genes, and lipolytic enzymes. Sirtulin 1 (SIRT1) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADH were measured. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D treatment (24 h, 100 nmol/L) induced a decrease in intracellular fat accumulation and an increase of basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis without cell toxicity in adipocytes. Adipogenic gene levels were decreased. In contrast, mRNA levels of β-oxidation-related genes, lipolytic enzymes, and vitamin D responsive gene were elevated by 1,25(OH)2D. Additionally, significant incremental changes in NAD levels, the ratio of NAD to NADH, and SIRT1 expression and activity were noted in 1,25(OH)2D-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS The observed potent inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D on adipocyte fat storage in mature 3T3-L1 cells suggests that vitamin D might improve adipocyte metabolic function and protect against obesity. Increased NAD concentrations and SIRT1 activity may play a role in the mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wamberg L, Pedersen SB, Rejnmark L, Richelsen B. Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency and Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Complications in Obesity: a Review. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:429-40. [PMID: 26353882 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obese subjects are often characterized by low plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels. Many explanations for this association have been proposed. Low plasma 25OHD is associated with obesity-related comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and low-grade inflammation. In this review, we discuss the proposed mechanisms for low 25OHD in obesity and explore the results of recent RCTs on vitamin D (VD) supplementation on obesity and its metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although the results from these clinical randomized controlled trials vary, the general picture is that VD treatment of obese individuals does not seem to be an effective treatment of obesity-related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Wamberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mohamad MI, El-Sherbeny EE, Bekhet MM. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:399-404. [PMID: 26391639 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1026427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with regard to their glycemic control and lipid profile. METHODS One hundred subjects with T2DM were recruited and given 4500 IU/day of vitamin D for 2 months. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile were measured pre- and postsupplementation. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the mean value of 25(OH)D level after supplementation (baseline level 16 ± 5.3 ng/ml vs. after supplement level 49.2 ± 17.7 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Both FBG and HbA1c but not lipid profile were significantly decreased after supplementation. However, the univariate general linear model between 25(OH)D percentiles and lipid profile levels showed that diabetic subjects with high 25(OH)D levels (>61 ng/ml) had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in comparison to those in the low or middle percentiles. Furthermore, participants in a higher percentile had a significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than those in the middle percentile. Lipid profile levels were not affected by the supplement except for triglycerides (TG) levels in females, which were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial to diabetic subjects because it improved glycemic control. Diabetic subjects with high 25(OH)D levels (>61 ng/ml) had better lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enas E El-Sherbeny
- c Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPT; Public Health & Community Medicine Department , Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT
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Vitamin D status is associated with cardiometabolic markers in 8-11-year-old children, independently of body fat and physical activity. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1647-55. [PMID: 26382732 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D status has been associated with cardiometabolic markers even in children, but the associations may be confounded by fat mass and physical activity behaviour. This study investigated associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk profile, as well as the impact of fat mass and physical activity in Danish 8-11-year-old children, using baseline data from 782 children participating in the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study. We assessed vitamin D status as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and measured blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, plasma lipids, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity by 7 d accelerometry during August-November. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 60·8 (sd 18·7) nmol/l. Each 10 mmol/l 25(OH)D increase was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (-0·3 mmHg, 95 % CI -0·6, -0·0) (P=0·02), total cholesterol (-0·07 mmol/l, 95 % CI -0·10, -0·05), LDL-cholesterol (-0·05 mmol/l, 95 % CI -0·08, -0·03), TAG (-0·02 mmol/l, 95 % CI -0·03, -0·01) (P≤0·001 for all lipids) and lower metabolic syndrome (MetS) score (P=0·01). Adjustment for fat mass index did not change the associations, but the association with blood pressure became borderline significant after adjustment for physical activity (P=0·06). In conclusion, vitamin D status was negatively associated with blood pressure, plasma lipids and a MetS score in Danish school children with low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and apart from blood pressure the associations were independent of body fat and physical activity. The potential underlying cause-effect relationship and possible long-term implications should be investigated in randomised controlled trials.
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Vitezova A, Zillikens MC, van Herpt TTW, Sijbrands EJG, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:327-35. [PMID: 25468955 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of vitamin D in the elderly are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the elderly, as well as between vitamin D status and the components of MetS (i.e. serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP)). METHODS The study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults. We analyzed data from 3240 people (median age 71.2 years) who did not have type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline. RESULTS We found higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations associated with lower prevalence of MetS (odds ratio (OR); 95% CI: 0.61; 0.49, 0.77 for adequate levels (≥75 nmol/l) vs deficiency (<50 nmol/l). In addition, in analysis of the individual components, the ORs for adequate vs deficient vitamin D levels were: 0.66 (95% CI 0.53, 0.83) for elevated WC, 0.67 (95% CI 0.52, 0.86) for reduced HDL-C, 0.69 (95% CI 0.54, 0.88) for elevated TG, and 0.80 (95% CI 0.65, 0.99) for elevated fasting glucose. Vitamin D was not associated with elevated blood pressure, and ORs for adequacy vs deficiency were 0.82 (95% CI 0.65, 1.03). CONCLUSION Higher 25(OH)D concentrations in the elderly are associated with lower prevalence of MetS and, in particular, with more beneficial HDL-C, TG, WC, and serum glucose. Since the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and its risk increases with age, if causality is proven, benefits of improving vitamin D status among the elderly may be great.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vitezova
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Zillikens
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T T W van Herpt
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J G Sijbrands
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O H Franco
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Kiefte-de Jong
- Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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García-Bailo B, Karmali M, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, hormonal contraceptive use, and cardiometabolic disease risk in an ethnically diverse population of young adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 32:296-306. [PMID: 24219372 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.826112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease risk across ethnic groups is unclear, and it is not known whether the use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which affect vitamin D metabolism and are also associated with cardiometabolic disease risk, modifies this relationship. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 30 nmol/L) to assess seasonal variation in concentrations of 25(OH)D, and to examine whether 25(OH)D is associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers across ethnic groups and across men, female HC nonusers, and female HC users in an ethnically diverse population of young adults living in Canada. METHODS The study population consisted of Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian individuals (n = 1384, 69% female) aged 20-29 years. Participants provided overnight fasting blood samples, from which plasma 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured. Vitamin D status distributions were compared using χ(2) tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine seasonal variations in 25(OH)D, as well as the association between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic biomarkers, across groups. RESULTS Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations fluctuated seasonally among Caucasians and East Asians and across men, female HC nonusers, and female HC users, but they remained low year-round in South Asians, half of whom were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-beta among Caucasians and East Asians and among men and female HC nonusers and with higher triglycerides among men only. No biomarkers were associated with 25(OH)D among South Asians and female HC users, although nonsignificant trends were observed for higher markers of glycemic dysregulation in those who were vitamin D deficient in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency varies between ethnic groups and is particularly high among South Asians, and it is associated with biomarkers of glycemic dysregulation; however, HC use among women may attenuate this association. Given the widespread use of HCs by women throughout the world, a better understanding of the extent to which these medications may modify the relationship between vitamin D and processes related to disease is warranted.
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Bardini G, Giannini S, Romano D, Rotella CM, Mannucci E. Lipid accumulation product and 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 10:243-51. [PMID: 24841878 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2013.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest a link between vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and visceral adiposity. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), strictly correlated with abdominal fat depots, is proposed as marker of dysfunctional adiposity. AIM To verify the association between 25(OH)D levels and LAP in T2D. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, HbA1c, lipids, and 25(OH)D were assessed in 420 T2D outpatients and in 150 non-diabetic obese with similar anthropometric characteristics. LAP was computed as the product of sex-specific enlarged WC and triglycerides (TG). RESULTS In T2D patients, 63.0% showed 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) vs. 71.3% in the obese control group. Overweight males showed a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (60.3%) than women (48.8%, p < 0.001), while in obese patients this prevalence was not significant. In both genders, 25(OH)D was not significantly associated with HbA1c and fasting glucose. Age-adjusted 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), and LAP (p < 0.001) in both genders. Metabolic syndrome presented an odds ratio (OR) for 25(OH)D deficiency of 1.6 (1.1-2.5, p = 0.048) in females and 1.7 (1.2-2.7, p = 0.016) in males, while the highest quartile of LAP showed an OR of 2.1 (1.2-3.6, p = 0.019) in females and 3.2 (1.6-6.5, p = 0.02) in males. A similar trend was observed in the obese control group. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of excess weight, subjects with and without T2D frequently feature low 25(OH)D levels. Subjects with higher LAP exhibit a high risk of 25(OH)D deficiency, suggesting that dysfunctional adiposity is a worsening factor for vitamin D hypovitaminosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bardini
- Obesity Agency, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Italy
| | - Desiderio Romano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Italy
| | - Carlo M Rotella
- Obesity Agency, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Association between serum level of vitamin D and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:7. [PMID: 24398023 PMCID: PMC3937161 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background It is suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) via its effect on lipid profiles. The objective of this study was to determine the association between fasting serum levels of 25(OH) D and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 type 2 diabetics. Patients were selected randomly among members of the Iranian Diabetes Association according to study criteria. Fasting concentration of 25(OH) D, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profiles (including triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol) were measured. Results The mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and PTH were 53.41 ± 33.25 nmol/l and 40.24 ± 18.24 pmol/l, respectively, in type 2 diabetic patients. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 58.34% and vitamin D sufficiency and insufficiency combined was 41.66%. Although in diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency, serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, and LDL were higher and HDL was lower compared to patients with vitamin D sufficiency, this association was statistically significant only for serum level of TG (145.91 ± 79.00 vs. 122.95 ± 55.82 mg/dl). Conclusions The results of present study show that serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were inversely associated with TG. More interventional studies are needed to confirm the relationship between serum concentration of vitamin D and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Abstract
A biomarker can be defined as a measurable variable that may be used as an indicator of a given biological state or condition. Biomarkers have been used in health and disease for diagnostic purposes, as tools to assess effectiveness of nutritional or drug intervention, or as risk markers to predict the development of certain diseases. In nutrition studies, selecting appropriate biomarkers is important to assess compliance, or incidence of a particular dietary component in the biochemistry of the organism, and in the diagnosis and prognosis of nutrition-related diseases. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that occur simultaneously in the same individual, and it is associated with systemic alterations that may involve several organs and tissues. Given its close association with obesity and the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, identifying obese individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome is a major clinical priority. Biomarkers for metabolic syndrome are therefore potential important tools to maximize the effectiveness of treatment in subjects who would likely benefit the most. Choice of biomarkers may be challenging due to the complexity of the syndrome, and this article will mainly focus on nutrition biomarkers related to the diagnosis and prognosis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Pierre Singer, Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Jabotinsky 39, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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Cheraghi N, Dai H, Raghuveer G. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherosclerosis-promoting risk factor clustering but not vascular damage in children. Med Sci Monit 2013. [PMID: 23197228 PMCID: PMC3560812 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D has been associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in children but there is a paucity of studies examining its correlation to vascular function and structure. Our objective was to determine whether there is a correlation between vitamin D, cardiometabolic risk, vascular distensibility and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in high-risk children. Material/Methods This was a cross-sectional, cohort study that compared vitamin D to cardiometabolic risk factors, carotid artery distensibility, and CIMT in 74 children with multiple, modifiable atherosclerosis-promoting risk factors. Vitamin D was used as a continuous variable and also categorized as deficient (<20 ng/mL) or sufficient (≥20 ng/mL). Seven modifiable atherosclerosis-promoting risk factors were analyzed – body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, & tobacco smoke exposure history. Results For the entire cohort, vitamin D was 26.1±9.4 ng/mL (6–63 ng/mL); and the levels were deficient in 20%. The number of modifiable atherosclerosis promoting risk factors per child was 3.3±1.6. Distensibility index was 2.62±0.87% per 10 mmHg, CIMT 0.54±0.06 mm. There was an inverse correlation between vitamin D and risk factor score (r=−0.27, p=0.02); this remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and race. There was no association between vitamin D levels and distensibility index or CIMT. Conclusions Even though vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factor score in high-risk children, there are no demonstrable vascular functional or structural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Cheraghi
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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García-Bailo B, Da Costa LA, Arora P, Karmali M, El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians, 2007-2009. Prev Chronic Dis 2013; 10:E91. [PMID: 23742939 PMCID: PMC3682811 DOI: 10.5888/pcd10.120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D may modulate cardiometabolic disease risk, although the relationship has not been investigated in the general Canadian population. Understanding this relationship may inform public health strategies to curb the incidence of cardiometabolic disease in Canada and elsewhere. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between vitamin D and traditional and novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease and to describe the extent of the month-to-month fluctuations of vitamin D in the Canadian population. Methods We examined the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and a range of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in participants (n = 1,928; age range, 16–79 years) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We conducted linear regressions analyses (adjusted for sex, waist circumference, physical activity, hormone use, and season) to assess the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and biomarkers of dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in the study population. We repeated analyses stratified by sex, and we evaluated monthly fluctuations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in men and women. Results We observed wide month-to-month variations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D; fluctuations were more pronounced in men. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with fasting glucose, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, or homocysteine. This pattern varied between men and women. Conclusion Vitamin D may modulate various metabolic processes and may influence cardiometabolic disease risk in Canadians. These findings may have public health implications when recommending vitamin D for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, and Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada
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George JA, Norris SA, van Deventer HE, Crowther NJ. The association of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with metabolic syndrome in two ethnic groups in South Africa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61282. [PMID: 23596520 PMCID: PMC3626636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though inconsistent, a number of studies have shown an association between vitamin D (25(OH)D) status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the metabolic syndrome (Met S). These have largely been carried out in Caucasians or black subjects living in high income countries. There no data on the relationship of 25(OH)D and PTH status with Met S in populations resident in Africa. The aims of this study were to evaluate if there was an association of 25(OH)D or PTH with Met S in non-Caucasian populations in South Africa, and whether these molecules explained ethnic differences in the prevalence of Met S and its individual components. METHODS We measured anthropometry, serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels and the components of Met S, plus related metabolic variables, in 374 African and 350 Asian Indian healthy adults from the greater Johannesburg metropolitan area. RESULTS Met S was diagnosed in 29% of the African and 46% of the Asian Indian subjects (p<0.0001). Subjects with Met S had higher PTH than those without Met S, (p<0.0001), whilst 25(OH)D levels were not significantly different (p = 0.50). In multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D was not associated with any components of the Met S however PTH was shown to be positively associated with systolic (p = 0.018) and diastolic (p = 0.005) blood pressures and waist circumference (p<0.0001) and negatively associated with HOMA (p = 0.0008) levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that Asian Indian ethnicity (OR 2.24; 95% CIs 1.57, 3.18; p<0.0001) and raised PTH (OR 2.48; 95% CIs 1.01, 6.08; p = 0.04; adjusted for 25(OH)D) produced an increased risk of Met S but 25(OH)D did not (OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.67, 2.24; p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS Plasma PTH but not 25(OH)D is an independent predictor of the Met S in African and Asian Indians in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya A George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Huang Y, Li X, Wang M, Ning H, A L, Li Y, Sun C. Lipoprotein lipase links vitamin D, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013. [PMID: 23320821 DOI: 10.1186/1475-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] play important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Although dyslipidemia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are limited data available regarding the relationship of LPL and 25(OH)D to IR and T2D at a population level. The objective of the present study is to investigate the associations of LPL and 25(OH)D with IR and T2D in a Chinese population. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 2708 subjects (1326 males, 1382 females; mean age 48.5 ± 12.6 years) in main communities of Harbin, China. Serum 25(OH)D, LPL, free fatty acids (FFAs), fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin, lipid profile, apoA and apoB concentrations were measured. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with LPL (β = 0.168, P < 0.001). LPL was inversely associated with IR and T2D. Subjects in the lowest quartile of LPL had the highest risk of IR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.22-2.68] and T2D (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.14-2.38). Serum 25(OH)D was also inversely associated with IR and T2D. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml] was associated with an increasing risk of IR (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.23-2.76) and T2D (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.37-3.24). The associations of 25(OH)D with IR and T2D were attenuated by further adjustment for LPL. CONCLUSIONS LPL is associated with serum 25(OH)D, IR and T2D in the Chinese population. These results suggest a potential mediating role of LPL in the associations of 25(OH)D with IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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Huang Y, Li X, Wang M, Ning H, A L, Li Y, Sun C. Lipoprotein lipase links vitamin D, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:17. [PMID: 23320821 PMCID: PMC3570389 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] play important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Although dyslipidemia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are limited data available regarding the relationship of LPL and 25(OH)D to IR and T2D at a population level. The objective of the present study is to investigate the associations of LPL and 25(OH)D with IR and T2D in a Chinese population. Methods The study cohort consisted of 2708 subjects (1326 males, 1382 females; mean age 48.5 ± 12.6 years) in main communities of Harbin, China. Serum 25(OH)D, LPL, free fatty acids (FFAs), fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin, lipid profile, apoA and apoB concentrations were measured. Results Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with LPL (β = 0.168, P < 0.001). LPL was inversely associated with IR and T2D. Subjects in the lowest quartile of LPL had the highest risk of IR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.22-2.68] and T2D (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.14-2.38). Serum 25(OH)D was also inversely associated with IR and T2D. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml] was associated with an increasing risk of IR (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.23-2.76) and T2D (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.37-3.24). The associations of 25(OH)D with IR and T2D were attenuated by further adjustment for LPL. Conclusions LPL is associated with serum 25(OH)D, IR and T2D in the Chinese population. These results suggest a potential mediating role of LPL in the associations of 25(OH)D with IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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Nissou MF, Brocard J, El Atifi M, Guttin A, Andrieux A, Berger F, Issartel JP, Wion D. The transcriptomic response of mixed neuron-glial cell cultures to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 includes genes limiting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 35:553-64. [PMID: 23455988 PMCID: PMC3962683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal or chronic vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency is highly prevalent in the human population. Receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal metabolite of vitamin D, are found throughout the brain. To provide further information on the role of this hormone on brain function, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of mixed neuron-glial cell cultures in response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment increases the mRNA levels of 27 genes by at least 1.9 fold. Among them, 17 genes were related to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, or brain morphogenesis. Notably, 10 of these genes encode proteins potentially limiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease. These data provide support for a role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in brain disease prevention. The possible consequences of circannual or chronic vitamin D insufficiencies on a tissue with a low regenerative potential such as the brain should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Nissou
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Jacques Brocard
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Audrey Guttin
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Annie Andrieux
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
- GPC-GIN, Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette
INSERM : U836CEA : DSV/IRTSV/GPCUniversité Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - François Berger
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Jean-Paul Issartel
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Didier Wion
- GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences
INSERM : U836Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble ICHU GrenobleCEA : DSV/IRTSVUJF - Site Santé La Tronche BP 170 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity are both considered important public health issues. The classical role of vitamin D is in Ca homoeostasis and bone metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that the vitamin D system has a range of physiological functions, with vitamin D deficiency contributing to the pathogenesis of several major diseases, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that obese individuals tend to have a low vitamin D status, which may link to the dysregulation of white adipose tissue. Recent studies suggest that adipose tissue may be a direct target of vitamin D. The expression of both the vitamin D receptor and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) genes has been shown in murine and human adipocytes. There is evidence that vitamin D affects body fat mass by inhibiting adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Some recent studies demonstrate that vitamin D metabolites also influence adipokine production and the inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may compromise the normal metabolic functioning of adipose tissue. Given the importance of the tissue in energy balance, lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity, understanding the mechanisms of vitamin D action in adipocytes may have a significant impact on the maintenance of metabolic health. In the present review, we focus on the signalling role of vitamin D in adipocytes, particularly the potential mechanisms through which vitamin D may influence adipose tissue development and function.
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Wamberg L, Christiansen T, Paulsen SK, Fisker S, Rask P, Rejnmark L, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. Expression of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in human adipose tissue -- the effect of obesity and diet-induced weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:651-7. [PMID: 22828938 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low vitamin D (VD) levels are common in obesity. We hypothesized that this may be due to metabolism of VD in adipose tissue (AT). Thus, we studied (1) whether the VD-metabolizing enzymes were expressed differently in AT of lean and obese individuals and in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and (2) whether their expression was influenced by weight loss. METHODS Samples of SAT and VAT were analyzed for expression of the vitamin-D-25-hydroxylases CYP2R1, CYP2J2, CYP27A1 and CYP3A4, the 25-vitamin-D-1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1, the catabolic vitamin-D-24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, and the vitamin D receptor, using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Moreover, plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) level was measured and related to the expression of these enzymes. Samples of SAT and VAT from 20 lean women and 20 obese women, and samples of SAT from 17 obese subjects before and after a 10% weight loss were analyzed. RESULTS A plasma 25OHD level <50 nmol l(-1) was highly prevalent in both lean (45%) and obese (90%) women (P<0.01). Plasma 25OHD increased by 27% after weight loss in the obese individuals (P<0.05). Expression levels of the 25-hydroxylase CYP2J2 and the 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1 were decreased by 71% (P<0.0001) and 49% (P<0.05), respectively, in SAT of the obese. CYP24A1 did not differ between lean and obese women, but the expression was increased by 79% (P<0.05) after weight loss. CONCLUSION Obesity is characterized by a decreased expression of the 25-hydroxylase CYP2J2 and the 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1 in SAT, whereas the catabolic CYP24A1 does not differ between lean and obese women. However, the expression of CYP24A1 is increased after weight loss. Accordingly, AT has the capacity to metabolize VD locally, and this can be dynamically altered during obesity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wamberg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gagnon C, Lu ZX, Magliano DJ, Dunstan DW, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Sikaris K, Ebeling PR, Daly RM. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased risk of the development of the metabolic syndrome at five years: results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1953-61. [PMID: 22442263 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration has been inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the relationship between 25(OH)D and incident MetS remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the prospective association between 25(OH)D, MetS, and its components in a large population-based cohort of adults aged 25 yr or older. DESIGN We used baseline (1999-2000) and 5-yr follow-up data of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). PARTICIPANTS Of the 11,247 adults evaluated at baseline, 6,537 returned for follow-up. We studied those without MetS at baseline and with complete data (n = 4164; mean age 50 yr; 58% women; 92% Europids). OUTCOME MEASURES We report the associations between baseline 25(OH)D and 5-yr MetS incidence and its components, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, family history of type 2 diabetes, physical activity, education, kidney function, waist circumference (WC), and baseline MetS components. RESULTS A total of 528 incident cases (12.7%) of MetS developed over 5 yr. Compared with those in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (≥34 ng/ml), MetS risk was significantly higher in people with 25(OH)D in the first (<18 ng/ml) and second (18-23 ng/ml) quintiles; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.41 (1.02-1.95) and 1.74 (1.28-2.37), respectively. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with 5-yr WC (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.01), fasting glucose (P < 0.01), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001) but not with 2-h plasma glucose (P = 0.29), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.70), or blood pressure (P = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS In Australian adults, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased MetS risk and higher WC, serum triglyceride, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance at 5 yr. Vitamin D supplementation studies are required to establish whether the link between vitamin D deficiency and MetS is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gagnon
- Centre hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2.
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