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Nassar K, El-Mekawey D, Elmasry AE, Refaey MS, El-Sayed Ghoneim M, Elshaier YAMM. The significance of caloric restriction mimetics as anti-aging drugs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149354. [PMID: 38091837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an intricate process characterized by the gradual deterioration of the physiological integrity of a living organism. This unfortunate phenomenon inevitably leads to a decline in functionality and a heightened susceptibility to the ultimate fate of mortality. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to implement interventions that possess the capability to reverse or preempt age-related pathology. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) refer to a class of molecules that have been observed to elicit advantageous outcomes on both health and longevity in various model organisms and human subjects. Notably, these compounds offer a promising alternative to the arduous task of adhering to a caloric restriction diet and mitigate the progression of the aging process and extend the duration of life in laboratory animals and human population. A plethora of molecular signals have been linked to the practice of caloric restriction, encompassing Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) pathway, and Sirtuins, with particular emphasis on SIRT1. Therefore, this review will center its focus on several compounds that act as CRMs, highlighting their molecular targets, chemical structures, and mechanisms of action. Moreover, this review serves to underscore the significant relationship between post COVID-19 syndrome, antiaging, and importance of utilizing CRMs. This particular endeavor will serve as a comprehensive guide for medicinal chemists and other esteemed researchers, enabling them to meticulously conceive and cultivate novel molecular entities with the potential to function as efficacious antiaging pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khloud Nassar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Doaa El-Mekawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elmasry
- Department Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mai El-Sayed Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
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2
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Poljšak B, Kovač V, Špalj S, Milisav I. The Central Role of the NAD+ Molecule in the Development of Aging and the Prevention of Chronic Age-Related Diseases: Strategies for NAD+ Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032959. [PMID: 36769283 PMCID: PMC9917998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule NAD+ is a coenzyme for enzymes catalyzing cellular redox reactions in several metabolic pathways, encompassing glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, and is a substrate for NAD+-dependent enzymes. In addition to a hydride and electron transfer in redox reactions, NAD+ is a substrate for sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases and even moderate decreases in its cellular concentrations modify signaling of NAD+-consuming enzymes. Age-related reduction in cellular NAD+ concentrations results in metabolic and aging-associated disorders, while the consequences of increased NAD+ production or decreased degradation seem beneficial. This article reviews the NAD+ molecule in the development of aging and the prevention of chronic age-related diseases and discusses the strategies of NAD+ modulation for healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stjepan Špalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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4
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Mc Auley MT. Dietary restriction and ageing: Recent evolutionary perspectives. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111741. [PMID: 36167215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) represents one of the most robust interventions for extending lifespan. It is not known how DR increases lifespan. The prevailing evolutionary hypothesis suggests the DR response redirects metabolic resources towards somatic maintenance at the expense of investment in reproduction. Consequently, DR acts as a proximate mechanism which promotes a pro-longevity phenotype. This idea is known as resource reallocation. However, growing findings suggest this paradigm could be incomplete. It has been argued that during DR it is not always possible to identify a trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. It is also suggested the relationship between reproduction and somatic maintenance can be uncoupled by the removal or inclusion of specific nutrients. These findings have created an imperative to re-explore the nexus between DR and evolutionary theory. In this review I will address this evolutionary conundrum. My overarching objectives are fourfold: (1) to outline some of the evidence for and against resource reallocation; (2) to examine recent findings which have necessitated a theoretical re-evaluation of the link between life history theory and DR; (3) to present alternatives to the resource reallocation model; (4) to present emerging variables which potentially influence how DR effects evolutionary trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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5
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Wang TH, Tseng WC, Leu YL, Chen CY, Lee WC, Chi YC, Cheng SF, Lai CY, Kuo CH, Yang SL, Yang SH, Shen JJ, Feng CH, Wu CC, Hwang TL, Wang CJ, Wang SH, Chen CC. The flavonoid corylin exhibits lifespan extension properties in mouse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1238. [PMID: 35264584 PMCID: PMC8907184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the long history of traditional Chinese medicine, single herbs and complex formulas have been suggested to increase lifespan. However, the identification of single molecules responsible for lifespan extension has been challenging. Here, we collected a list of traditional Chinese medicines with potential longevity properties from pharmacopeias. By utilizing the mother enrichment program, we systematically screened these traditional Chinese medicines and identified a single herb, Psoralea corylifolia, that increases lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Next, twenty-two pure compounds were isolated from Psoralea corylifolia. One of the compounds, corylin, was found to extend the replicative lifespan in yeast by targeting the Gtr1 protein. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, RNA sequencing data showed that corylin ameliorates cellular senescence. We also examined an in vivo mammalian model, and found that corylin extends lifespan in mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these findings suggest that corylin may promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Office of Research and Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chi
- Cryo-EM Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Feng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Wang
- Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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6
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Abstract
Fasting potentials are the most interesting topics in the Nutritional Era. Fasting consists of the catabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels in a normal range. The action mechanisms of fasting were firstly understood in minor organisms and later in humans. Nutritional interventions of caloric restriction could attenuate age-associated epigenetic alterations and could have a protective effect against cellular alterations, promoting longevity and health span. While most fasting studies point out the weight and fat mass decreases, it is important to define specific guidelines for fasting and non-fasting days to enhance adherence, minimize the dropout rates of the interventions, and maximize body composition improvement. Although the panorama of evidence on fasting and caloric restriction is wide, there is a lack of a safe fasting protocol to guide physicians in its prescription. The main goal is to identify a how to use guide, a major posology of fasting, inserted within a huge dietetic personalized strategy leading to an optimal and healthy nutritional status.
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7
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Role of NAD + in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101195. [PMID: 33609766 PMCID: PMC7973386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme present in every living cell, is involved in a myriad of metabolic processes associated with cellular bioenergetics. For this reason, NAD+ is often studied in the context of aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Scope of review Cellular NAD+ depletion is associated with compromised adaptive cellular stress responses, impaired neuronal plasticity, impaired DNA repair, and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence has shown the efficacy of boosting NAD+ levels using NAD+ precursors in various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding into the role of NAD+ in aging and other pathologies and discusses potential therapeutic targets. Major conclusions An alteration in the NAD+/NADH ratio or the NAD+ pool size can lead to derailment of the biological system and contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and tumorigenesis. Due to the varied distribution of NAD+/NADH in different locations within cells, the direct role of impaired NAD+-dependent processes in humans remains unestablished. In this regard, longitudinal studies are needed to quantify NAD+ and its related metabolites. Future research should focus on measuring the fluxes through pathways associated with NAD+ synthesis and degradation. NAD+ regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response. NAD+ deterioration contributes to the progression of multiple metabolic disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside raise NAD+ levels in different tissues in preclinical models. Imaging studies on genetic models can illustrate the pathways of NAD+metabolism and their downstream functional effects. Human clinical trials to determine benefits of restoration of NAD+ by using NAD precursors are in progress.
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8
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Stavropoulos A, Varras M, Philippou A, Vasilakaki T, Varra VK, Varra FN, Tsavari A, Lazaris AC, Koutsilieris M. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor-1Ec in primary endometrial carcinoma: Association with PTEN, p53 and survivin expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:395. [PMID: 33193855 PMCID: PMC7656117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance and elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are suggestive of a significantly higher risk of endometrial carcinoma. There is a wealth of evidence showing differential expression of IGF-1 isoforms in various types of cancer. In the present study, 99 archived endometrial carcinoma tissue sections were retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry for IGF-1Ec isoform expression. Expression of IGF-1Ec was also assessed in nine cases of non-neoplastic endometrial tissue adjacent to the tumor, in 30 cases with normal endometrium and in 30 cases with endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, the association between IGF-1Ec and the concurrent expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53 or survivin was assessed, as well as their combined expression in association with clinicopathological variables. In endometrial carcinoma, IGF-1Ec expression was high in non-endometrioid carcinoma (serous papillary or clear cell carcinoma) compared with that in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec expression was also high in the presence of tumoral necrosis. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the histological differentiation and the sum of staining intensity and the number of IGF-1Ec immunopositive cells in endometrial carcinoma. There was a moderate negative correlation between co-expression of IGF-1Ec and PTEN, for both the number of immunopositive cells (P=0.006, ρ=−0.343) and the sum of staining (scores and intensity; P=0.006, ρ=−0.343). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the sum of staining (scores and intensity) and co-expression of IGF-1Ec and survivin (P=0.043, ρ=0.225). However, there was no association between concomitant expression of IGF-1Ec and p53. These results emphasized the importance of IGF-1Ec expression during development of non-estrogen dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec and PTEN may function opposingly during endometrial carcinogenesis. By contrast, IGF-1Ec and survivin may share common molecular pathways and may promote, in parallel, tumoral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelis Stavropoulos
- Fourth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fifth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Pathology Department, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Pharmacy Department, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | | | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
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9
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Li X, He S, Zhao M. An Updated Review of the Epigenetic Mechanism Underlying the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1219-1234. [PMID: 33014534 PMCID: PMC7505275 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has been recognized to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Accumulating evidence has indicated that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although the susceptibility related to genetic variants has been revealed by genome-wide association studies, those genetic variants may predict AMD risk only in certain human populations. Other mechanisms, particularly those involving epigenetic factors, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Therefore, we briefly summarize the most recent reports related to such epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, and the interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- 1Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,2Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,3People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,4People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shikun He
- 1Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,2Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,3People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,4People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.,5Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,6Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- 6Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Mohammadzadeh A, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Hallaj S, Saei AA, Alivand MR, Valizadeh A, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between P53 and DNA damage response in ageing. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Chaves CF, Mazzotti DR, Cendoroglo MS, Ramos LR, Tufik S, Silva VCD, D'Almeida V. Genes related to maintenance of autophagy and successful aging. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 76:831-839. [PMID: 30698207 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering aging as a phenomenon in which there is a decline in essential processes for cell survival, we investigated the autophagic and proteasome pathways in three different groups: young, older and oldest old male adults. The expression profile of autophagic pathway-related genes was carried out in peripheral blood, and the proteasome quantification was performed in plasma. No significant changes were found in plasma proteasome concentrations or in correlations between proteasome concentrations and ages. However, some autophagy- and/or apoptosis-related genes were differentially expressed. In addition, the network and enrichment analysis showed an interaction between four of the five differentially expressed genes and an association of these genes with the transcriptional process. Considering that the oldest old individuals maintained both the expression of genes linked to the autophagic machinery, and the proteasome levels, when compared with the older group, we concluded that these factors could be considered crucial for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Robles Mazzotti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | | | - Luiz Roberto Ramos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
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12
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Ma S, Fan L, Cao F. Combating cellular senescence by sirtuins: Implications for atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1822-1830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Derous D, Mitchell SE, Green CL, Wang Y, Han JDJ, Chen L, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: X. Transcriptomic Responses of Epididymal Adipose Tissue. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:279-288. [PMID: 28575190 PMCID: PMC5861923 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) leads to a remarkable decrease in adipose tissue mass and increases longevity in many taxa. Since the discovery of leptin, the secretory abilities of adipose tissue have gained prominence in the responses to CR. We quantified transcripts of epididymal white adipose tissue of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to graded levels of CR (0–40% CR) for 3 months. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in NF-κB, HIF1-α, and p53 signaling increased with increasing levels of CR. These pathways were all significantly downregulated at 40% CR relative to 12 h ad libitum feeding. In addition, graded CR had a substantial impact on DEGs associated with pathways involved in angiogenesis. Of the 497 genes differentially expressed with graded CR, 155 of these genes included a signal peptide motif. These putative signaling proteins were involved in the response to ketones, TGF-β signaling, negative regulation of insulin secretion, and inflammation. This accords with the previously established effects of graded CR on glucose homeostasis in the same mice. Overall these data suggest reduced levels of adipose tissue under CR may contribute to the protective impact of CR in multiple ways linked to changes in a large population of secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara L Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
- Address correspondence to: John R. Speakman, PhD, DSc, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. E-mail:
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14
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Poljsak B, Kovac V, Dahmane R, Levec T, Starc A. Cancer Etiology: A Metabolic Disease Originating from Life's Major Evolutionary Transition? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7831952. [PMID: 31687086 PMCID: PMC6800902 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7831952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A clear understanding of the origins of cancer is the basis of successful strategies for effective cancer prevention and management. The origin of cancer at the molecular and cellular levels is not well understood. Is the primary cause of the origin of cancer the genomic instability or impaired energy metabolism? An attempt was made to present cancer etiology originating from life's major evolutionary transition. The first evolutionary transition went from simple to complex cells when eukaryotic cells with glycolytic energy production merged with the oxidative mitochondrion (The Endosymbiosis Theory first proposed by Lynn Margulis in the 1960s). The second transition went from single-celled to multicellular organisms once the cells obtained mitochondria, which enabled them to obtain a higher amount of energy. Evidence will be presented that these two transitions, as well as the decline of NAD+ and ATP levels, are the root of cancer diseases. Restoring redox homeostasis and reactivation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are important factors in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Poljsak
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V. Kovac
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R. Dahmane
- 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T. Levec
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A. Starc
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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p53 Isoforms and Their Implications in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090288. [PMID: 30149602 PMCID: PMC6162399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we focus on the major isoforms of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, dysfunction of which often leads to cancer. Mutations of the TP53 gene, particularly in the DNA binding domain, have been regarded as the main cause for p53 inactivation. However, recent reports demonstrating abundance of p53 isoforms, especially the N-terminally truncated ones, in the cancerous tissues suggest their involvement in carcinogenesis. These isoforms are ∆40p53, ∆133p53, and ∆160p53 (the names indicate their respective N-terminal truncation). Due to the lack of structural and functional characterizations the modes of action of the p53 isoforms are still unclear. Owing to the deletions in the functional domains, these isoforms can either be defective in DNA binding or more susceptive to altered ‘responsive elements’ than p53. Furthermore, they may exert a ‘dominant negative effect’ or induce more aggressive cancer by the ‘gain of function’. One possible mechanism of p53 inactivation can be through tetramerization with the ∆133p53 and ∆160p53 isoforms—both lacking part of the DNA binding domain. A recent report and unpublished data from our laboratory also suggest that these isoforms may inactivate p53 by fast aggregation—possibly due to ectopic overexpression. We further discuss the evolutionary significance of the p53 isoforms.
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16
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Tulsian R, Velingkaar N, Kondratov R. Caloric restriction effects on liver mTOR signaling are time-of-day dependent. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1640-1648. [PMID: 30018180 PMCID: PMC6075448 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes to the metabolic effects of a calorie restriction (CR) diet. We assayed the effect of CR on the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the liver of mice at six different times across the day. CR effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities were time-of-day dependent. CR induced mTORC1 activity at one time, reduced at two times and has no effect during other times. CR induced mTORC2 activity at one time of the day and has no effects at other times. Circadian clocks are implemented in the regulation of mTOR signaling in mammals and mechanisms of CR. We assayed the effect of CR on mTOR signaling in the liver of mice deficient for circadian transcriptional regulators BMAL1 and CRYs. The CR induced suppression of mTORC1 activity was observed in both clock mutants, while up regulation of mTORC2 was observed in the liver of CRY deficient but not in the liver of BMAL1 deficient mice. Our finding revealed that CR has different time dependent effect on the activity of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 and suggest that circadian clock protein BMAL1 is involved in the up regulation of mTORC2 upon CR in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tulsian
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Nikkhil Velingkaar
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Roman Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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17
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The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: XI. Evaluation of the main hypotheses underpinning the life extension effects of CR using the hepatic transcriptome. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1770-1824. [PMID: 28768896 PMCID: PMC5559174 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) may extend longevity by modulating the mechanisms involved in aging. Different hypotheses have been proposed for its main mode of action. We quantified hepatic transcripts of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to graded levels of CR (0% to 40% CR) for three months, and evaluated the responses relative to these various hypotheses. Of the four main signaling pathways implied to be linked to the impact of CR on lifespan (insulin/insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-ĸB), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and sirtuins (SIRTs)), all the pathways except SIRT were altered in a manner consistent with increased lifespan. However, the expression levels of SIRT4 and SIRT7 were decreased with increasing levels of CR. Changes consistent with altered fuel utilization under CR may reduce reactive oxygen species production, which was paralleled by reduced protection. Downregulated major urinary protein (MUP) transcription suggested reduced reproductive investment. Graded CR had a positive effect on autophagy and xenobiotic metabolism, and was protective with respect to cancer signaling. CR had no significant effect on fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) transcription but affected transcription in the hydrogen sulfide production pathway. Responses to CR were consistent with several different hypotheses, and the benefits of CR on lifespan likely reflect the combined impact on multiple aging related processes.
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18
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Zhang H, Yan H, Ying J, Du L, Zhang C, Yang Y, Wang H, Wang H. Resveratrol ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term immunosuppression in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:28-36. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1408976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianzi Ying
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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19
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Milton-Laskibar I, Gómez-Zorita S, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Portillo MP. Resveratrol-Induced Effects on Body Fat Differ Depending on Feeding Conditions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122091. [PMID: 29186045 PMCID: PMC6150028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Science constantly seeks to identify new molecules that could be used as dietary functional ingredients in the fight against obesity and its co-morbidities. Among them, polyphenols represent a group of molecules of increasing interest. One of the most widely studied polyphenols is resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), which has been proposed as an "energy restriction mimetic" because it can exert energy restriction-like effects. The aim of this review is to analyze the effects of resveratrol on obesity under different feeding conditions, such as overfeeding, normal feeding, and energy restriction, in animals and humans. The vast majority of the studies reported have addressed the administration of resveratrol to animals alongside an obesogenic diet. Under these experimental conditions usually a decreased body weight amount was found. To date, studies that focus on the effects of resveratrol under normal feeding or energy restriction conditions in animals and humans are scarcer. In these studies no changes in body fat were reported. After analyzing the results obtained under overfeeding, normal feeding, and energy restriction conditions, it can be stated that resveratrol is useful in reducing body fat accumulation, and thus preventing obesity. Nevertheless, for ethical reasons, these results have been obtained in animals. By contrast, there are no evidences showing the usefulness of this phenolic compound in reducing previously accumulated body fat. Consequently, as of yet, there is not scientific support for proposing resveratrol as a new anti-obesity treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral and National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Deschênes M, Chabot B. The emerging role of alternative splicing in senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:918-933. [PMID: 28703423 PMCID: PMC5595669 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of precursor mRNA splicing is associated with many illnesses and has been linked to age-related chronic diseases. Here we review recent progress documenting how defects in the machinery that performs intron removal and controls splice site selection contribute to cellular senescence and organismal aging. We discuss the functional association linking p53, IGF-1, SIRT1, and ING-1 splice variants with senescence and aging, and review a selection of splicing defects occurring in accelerated aging (progeria), vascular aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in the activity of splicing factors and in the production of key splice variants can impact cellular senescence and the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deschênes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
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21
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Lee SY, Lee SH, Yang EJ, Kim JK, Kim EK, Jung K, Jung H, Lee K, Lee HH, Lee BI, Park SH, Shin DY, Cho ML. Coenzyme Q10 Inhibits Th17 and STAT3 Signaling Pathways to Ameliorate Colitis in Mice. J Med Food 2017; 20:821-829. [PMID: 28816577 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant substance synthesized in the body. The current study aimed to determine whether CoQ10 suppresses inflammation and inhibits p-STAT3 expression in an experimental colitis mouse model. The mice were orally fed with CoQ10 once a day for 13 days. Histological analysis of the colons was performed by immunohistochemistry. Expression of IL-17, FOXP3, p53, AMPK, and mTOR and activation of p-STAT3 and p-STAT5 in lymph node and spleen tissues were detected by confocal microscopy of stained tissue sections. The relative mRNA expression was measured with real-time PCR, and protein levels were examined by western blot. CoQ10 reduced the disease activity index score and the colon histological score. It also reduced inflammatory mediators in the colon and increased the colon length. The expression of IL-17 and p-STAT3 was decreased with CoQ10 treatment. In contrast, CoQ10 treatment increased the expression of p-AMPK and FOXP3. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was shown to increase in colitis mice treated with CoQ10. These results suggested that CoQ10 may reduce the severity of colitis and suppress inflammation through the inhibition of p-STAT3 and IL-17. These results support the use of CoQ10 as a potential targeted therapy for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Yang
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hongsoon Jung
- 3 Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- 3 Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Hee Lee
- 3 Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-In Lee
- 3 Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yun Shin
- 5 College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- 1 The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Barardo DG, Newby D, Thornton D, Ghafourian T, de Magalhães JP, Freitas AA. Machine learning for predicting lifespan-extending chemical compounds. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1721-1737. [PMID: 28783712 PMCID: PMC5559171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age is a risk factor for many diseases; therefore developing pharmacological interventions that slow down ageing and consequently postpone the onset of many age-related diseases is highly desirable. In this work we analyse data from the DrugAge database, which contains chemical compounds and their effect on the lifespan of model organisms. Predictive models were built using the machine learning method random forests to predict whether or not a chemical compound will increase Caenorhabditis elegans' lifespan, using as features Gene Ontology (GO) terms annotated for proteins targeted by the compounds and chemical descriptors calculated from each compound's chemical structure. The model with the best predictive accuracy used both biological and chemical features, achieving a prediction accuracy of 80%. The top 20 most important GO terms include those related to mitochondrial processes, to enzymatic and immunological processes, and terms related to metabolic and transport processes. We applied our best model to predict compounds which are more likely to increase C. elegans' lifespan in the DGIdb database, where the effect of the compounds on an organism's lifespan is unknown. The top hit compounds can be broadly divided into four groups: compounds affecting mitochondria, compounds for cancer treatment, anti-inflammatories, and compounds for gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo G. Barardo
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Thornton
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Ma L, Wang R, Dong W, Li Y, Xu B, Zhang J, Zhao Z. Long-term caloric restriction in mice may prevent age-related learning impairment via suppression of apoptosis. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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The p53 family orchestrates the regulation of metabolism: physiological regulation and implications for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:149-155. [PMID: 27884017 PMCID: PMC5243983 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of transcription factors is essential to counteract tumour formation and progression. Although previously this was exclusively associated with the ability of the p53 family to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, an increasing number of reports have now indisputably demonstrated that the tumour suppressive functions of the p53 family members also rely on their ability to control and regulate cellular metabolism and maintain cellular oxidative homeostasis. Here, we review how each p53 family member, including p63 and p73, controls metabolic pathways in physiological conditions, and how these mechanisms could be exploited to provide anticancer therapeutic opportunities.
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25
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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26
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Toklu HZ, Scarpace PJ, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Matheny M, Bruce EB, Carter CS, Morgan D, Tümer N. Intracerebroventricular tempol administration in older rats reduces oxidative stress in the hypothalamus but does not change STAT3 signalling or SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:59-67. [PMID: 28006433 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are believed to be mechanisms that contribute to obesity. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (tempol), a free radical scavenger, has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that brain infusion of tempol would reduce oxidative stress, and thus would reduce food intake and body weight and improve body composition in rats with age-related obesity and known elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, we predicted an associated increase in markers of leptin signalling, including the silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)/5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. For this purpose, osmotic minipumps were placed in the intracerebroventricular region of young (3 months) and aged (23 months) male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats for the continuous infusion of tempol or vehicle for 2 weeks. Tempol significantly decreased (p < 0.01) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in the hypothalamus but failed to reduce food intake or weight gain and did not alter body composition. SIRT1 activity and Acetyl p53 were decreased and phosphorylation of AMPK was increased with age, but they were unchanged with tempol. Basal phosphorylation of STAT3 was unchanged with age or tempol. These results indicate that tempol decreases oxidative stress but fails to alter feeding behaviour, body weight, or body composition. Moreover, tempol does not modulate the SIRT1/AMPK/p53 pathway and does not change leptin signalling. Thus, a reduction in hypothalamic oxidative stress is not sufficient to reverse age-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Z Toklu
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Matheny
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erin B Bruce
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- c Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Drake Morgan
- d Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nihal Tümer
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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27
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Yu M, King B, Ewert E, Su X, Mardiyati N, Zhao Z, Wang W. Exercise Activates p53 and Negatively Regulates IGF-1 Pathway in Epidermis within a Skin Cancer Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160939. [PMID: 27509024 PMCID: PMC4979999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been previously reported to lower cancer risk through reducing circulating IGF-1 and IGF-1-dependent signaling in a mouse skin cancer model. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which exercise may down-regulate the IGF-1 pathway via p53 and p53-related regulators in the skin epidermis. Female SENCAR mice were pair-fed an AIN-93 diet with or without 10-week treadmill exercise at 20 m/min, 60 min/day and 5 days/week. Animals were topically treated with TPA 2 hours before sacrifice and the target proteins in the epidermis were analyzed by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Under TPA or vehicle treatment, MDM2 expression was significantly reduced in exercised mice when compared with sedentary control. Meanwhile, p53 was significantly elevated. In addition, p53-transcriptioned proteins, i.e., p21, IGFBP-3, and PTEN, increased in response to exercise. There was a synergy effect between exercise and TPA on the decreased MDM2 and increased p53, but not p53-transcripted proteins. Taken together, exercise appeared to activate p53, resulting in enhanced expression of p21, IGFBP-3, and PTEN that might induce a negative regulation of IGF-1 pathway and thus contribute to the observed cancer prevention by exercise in this skin cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Brenee King
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Emily Ewert
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Nur Mardiyati
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Al-Wahab Z, Mert I, Tebbe C, Chhina J, Hijaz M, Morris RT, Ali-Fehmi R, Giri S, Munkarah AR, Rattan R. Metformin prevents aggressive ovarian cancer growth driven by high-energy diet: similarity with calorie restriction. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10908-23. [PMID: 25895126 PMCID: PMC4484428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) was recently demonstrated by us to restrict ovarian cancer growth in vivo. CR resulted in activation of energy regulating enzymes adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) followed by downstream inhibition of Akt-mTOR. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer growth in mice fed a high energy diet (HED) and regular diet (RD) and compared them to those seen with CR in an immunocompetent isogeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer. Mice either on RD or HED diet bearing ovarian tumors were treated with 200 mg/kg metformin in drinking water. Metformin treatment in RD and HED mice resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden in the peritoneum, liver, kidney, spleen and bowel accompanied by decreased levels of growth factors (IGF-1, insulin and leptin), inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6) and VEGF in plasma and ascitic fluid, akin to the CR diet mice. Metformin resulted in activation of AMPK and SIRT1 and inhibition of pAkt and pmTOR, similar to CR. Thus metformin can closely mimic CR's tumor suppressing effects by inducing similar metabolic changes, providing further evidence of its potential not only as a therapeutic drug but also as a preventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismail Mert
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Calvin Tebbe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jasdeep Chhina
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Miriana Hijaz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Josephine Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adnan R Munkarah
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Josephine Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Josephine Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Dietary Restriction Affects Neuronal Response Property and GABA Synthesis in the Primary Visual Cortex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149004. [PMID: 26863207 PMCID: PMC4749323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of dietary restriction (DR) on cortical inhibition. To clarify this issue, we examined the response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of DR and control groups of cats using in vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques, and assessed the synthesis of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the V1 of cats from both groups using immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques. Our results showed that the response of V1 neurons to visual stimuli was significantly modified by DR, as indicated by an enhanced selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions, decreased visually-evoked response, lowered spontaneous activity and increased signal-to-noise ratio in DR cats relative to control cats. Further, it was shown that, accompanied with these changes of neuronal responsiveness, GABA immunoreactivity and the expression of a key GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 in the V1 were significantly increased by DR. These results demonstrate that DR may retard brain aging by increasing the intracortical inhibition effect and improve the function of visual cortical neurons in visual information processing. This DR-induced elevation of cortical inhibition may favor the brain in modulating energy expenditure based on food availability.
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Wu J, Jin Z, Zheng H, Yan LJ. Sources and implications of NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance in diabetes and its complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:145-53. [PMID: 27274295 PMCID: PMC4869616 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(+) is a fundamental molecule in metabolism and redox signaling. In diabetes and its complications, the balance between NADH and NAD(+) can be severely perturbed. On one hand, NADH is overproduced due to influx of hyperglycemia to the glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways and activation of the polyol pathway. On the other hand, NAD(+) can be diminished or depleted by overactivation of poly ADP ribose polymerase that uses NAD(+) as its substrate. Moreover, sirtuins, another class of enzymes that also use NAD(+) as their substrate for catalyzing protein deacetylation reactions, can also affect cellular content of NAD(+). Impairment of NAD(+) regeneration enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes and complex I in mitochondria can also contribute to NADH accumulation and NAD(+) deficiency. The consequence of NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance is initially reductive stress that eventually leads to oxidative stress and oxidative damage to macromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. Accordingly, redox imbalance-triggered oxidative damage has been thought to be a major factor contributing to the development of diabetes and its complications. Future studies on restoring NADH/NAD(+) redox balance could provide further insights into design of novel antidiabetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Liang-Jun Yan, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA, Tel +1 817 735 2386, Fax +1 817 735 2603, Email
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31
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Xu BL, Wang R, Ma LN, Dong W, Zhao ZW, Zhang JS, Wang YL, Zhang X. Comparison of the effects of resveratrol and caloric restriction on learning and memory in juvenile C57BL/6J mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:1118-23. [PMID: 26949500 PMCID: PMC4764114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both caloric restriction (CR) and resveratrol (RSV) have been shown to improve learning and memory, but their potential effects in juvenile animals were unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of RSV and CR on learning and memory function in juvenile mice and investigated potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of three different dietary groups: normal control (stock diet) (n=12), CR diet (30% caloric reduction diet) (n=12), and RSV diet (stock diet supplemented with 18.6 mg/kg RSV) (n=12), for 6 months. Body weight and blood glucose were measured every 4 weeks. Serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were examined using biochemical methods. Serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), and protein expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homology 1 (SIRT1), p53, p16, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and IGF-1 were examined with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Although long-term CR diet did not alter physiological conditions in juvenile mice relative to control, RSV supplementation slightly elevated blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and serum insulin levels. Both CR and RSV improved learning and memory function, although the effect of CR was significantly greater. Both CR and RSV downregulated p53 and upregulated IGF-1 in hippocampal CA1 region of mice. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that CR and RSV may improve learning and memory by downregulating p53 and upregulating IGF-1 in hippocampal CA1 region of juvenile mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Corresponding author: Rong Wang. Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China. Tel: +86-10-63159572; Fax: 86-10-63159572;
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wen Dong
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jing-Shuang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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Goudarzi KM, Nistér M, Lindström MS. mTOR inhibitors blunt the p53 response to nucleolar stress by regulating RPL11 and MDM2 levels. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1499-514. [PMID: 25482947 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.955743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of cell growth through its ability to stimulate ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation. In contrast, the p53 tumor suppressor negatively controls cell growth and is activated by a wide range of insults to the cell. The mTOR and p53 signaling pathways are connected by a number of different mechanisms. Chemotherapeutics that inhibit ribosome biogenesis often induce nucleolar stress and activation of p53. Here we have investigated how the p53 response to nucleolar stress is affected by simultaneous mTOR inhibition in osteosarcoma and glioma cell lines. We found that inhibitors of the mTOR pathway including rapamycin, wortmannin, and caffeine blunted the p53 response to nucleolar stress induced by actinomycin D. Synthetic inhibitors of mTOR (temsirolimus, LY294.002 and PP242) also impaired actinomycin D triggered p53 stabilization and induction of p21. Ribosomal protein (RPL11) is known to be required for p53 protein stabilization following nucleolar stress. Treatment of cells with mTOR inhibitors may lead to reduced synthesis of RPL11 and thereby destabilize p53. We found that rapamycin mimicked the effect of RPL11 depletion in terms of blunting the p53 response to nucleolar stress. However, the extent to which the levels of p53 and RPL11 were reduced by rapamycin varied between cell lines. Additional mechanisms whereby rapamycin blunts the p53 response to nucleolar stress are likely to be involved. Indeed, rapamycin increased the levels of endogenous MDM2 despite inhibition of its phosphorylation at Ser-166. Our findings may have implications for the design of combinatorial cancer treatments with mTOR pathway inhibitors.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- Act D, actinomycin D
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CHX, cycloheximide
- DMSO, dimethylsulphoxide
- DOX, doxorubicin
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MTT, (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)
- PI, propidium iodide
- actinomycin D
- caffeine
- glioma
- mTOR
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- nutlin-3
- p21
- p53
- rapamycin
- ribosomal protein L11
- ribosome biogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh M Goudarzi
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institutet; Cancer Center Karolinska ; Karolinska University Hospital ; Stockholm , Sweden
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Serum from calorie-restricted animals delays senescence and extends the lifespan of normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:152-66. [PMID: 25855056 PMCID: PMC4394727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of cellular senescence and cell loss over time in various tissues and organs are considered major contributing factors to the ageing process. In various organisms, caloric restriction (CR) slows ageing and increases lifespan, at least in part, by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases of the sirtuin family. Here, we use an in vitro model of CR to study the effects of this dietary regime on replicative senescence, cellular lifespan and modulation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We found that serum from calorie-restricted animals was able to delay senescence and significantly increase replicative lifespan in these cells, when compared to serum from ad libitum fed animals. These effects correlated with CR-mediated increases in SIRT1 and decreases in p53 expression levels. In addition, we show that manipulation of SIRT1 levels by either over-expression or siRNA-mediated knockdown resulted in delayed and accelerated cellular senescence, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CR can delay senescence and increase replicative lifespan of normal human diploid fibroblasts in vitro and suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in these processes. (185 words).
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34
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Liu HY, Huang CF, Lin TC, Tsai CY, Tina Chen SY, Liu A, Chen WH, Wei HJ, Wang MF, Williams DF, Deng WP. Delayed animal aging through the recovery of stem cell senescence by platelet rich plasma. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9767-9776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Kim H, Lee SH, Lee MN, Oh GT, Choi KC, Choi EY. p53 regulates the transcription of the anti-inflammatory molecule developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1). Oncotarget 2014; 4:1976-85. [PMID: 24192518 PMCID: PMC3875763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelium-derived anti-inflammatory molecule that is downregulated by inflammatory stimuli. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which Del-1 transcription is regulated. In the present study, a DNA sequence upstream of the Del-1 gene was analyzed and putative p53 response elements (p53REs) were identified. An approximately 2 kb fragment upstream of the translation start site displayed the highest Del-1 transcriptional activity, and the transcriptional activity of this fragment was enhanced by overexpression of p53. Chemical activation of endogenous p53 elevated the levels of Del-1 mRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis of CATG in the consensus sequences of the 2 kb fragment to TATA significantly reduced the transcription of Del-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed recruitment of p53 to the p53REs of the Del-1 promoter, resulting in increased Del-1 transcription. Finally, primary endothelial cells isolated from mice with reduced levels of p53 showed a decrease in Del-1 mRNA compared to wild-type endothelial cells. Moreover, Del-1 reciprocally enhanced p53 expression in primary endothelial cells. Thus, these findings suggest that Del-1 is a novel transcriptional target gene of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Meira LB, Calvo JA, Shah D, Klapacz J, Moroski-Erkul CA, Bronson RT, Samson LD. Repair of endogenous DNA base lesions modulate lifespan in mice. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 21:78-86. [PMID: 24994062 PMCID: PMC4125484 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of DNA damage is thought to contribute to the physiological decay associated with the aging process. Here, we report the results of a large-scale study examining longevity in various mouse models defective in the repair of DNA alkylation damage, or defective in the DNA damage response. We find that the repair of spontaneous DNA damage by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag/Mpg)-initiated base excision repair and O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (Mgmt)-mediated direct reversal contributes to maximum life span in the laboratory mouse. We also uncovered important genetic interactions between Aag, which excises a wide variety of damaged DNA bases, and the DNA damage sensor and signaling protein, Atm. We show that Atm plays a role in mediating survival in the face of both spontaneous and induced DNA damage, and that Aag deficiency not only promotes overall survival, but also alters the tumor spectrum in Atm(-/-) mice. Further, the reversal of spontaneous alkylation damage by Mgmt interacts with the DNA mismatch repair pathway to modulate survival and tumor spectrum. Since these aging studies were performed without treatment with DNA damaging agents, our results indicate that the DNA damage that is generated endogenously accumulates with age, and that DNA alkylation repair proteins play a role in influencing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane B Meira
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer A Calvo
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Dharini Shah
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Joanna Klapacz
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Catherine A Moroski-Erkul
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, 126 Goldenson Building, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Leona D Samson
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, 126 Goldenson Building, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Ohata Y, Matsukawa S, Moriyama Y, Michiue T, Morimoto K, Sato Y, Kuroda H. Sirtuin inhibitor Ex-527 causes neural tube defects, ventral edema formations, and gastrointestinal malformations in Xenopus laevis embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2014; 56:460-8. [PMID: 25131500 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reagent Ex-527 is widely used as a major inhibitor of Sirtuin enzymes, which are a family of highly conserved protein deacetylases and have been linked with caloric restriction and aging by modulating energy metabolism, genomic stability, and stress resistance. However, the extent to which Ex-527 controls early developmental events of vertebrate embryos remains to be understood. Here, we report an examination of Ex-527 effects during Xenopus early development, followed by a confirmation of expressions of xSirt1 and xSirt2 in embryonic stages and enhancement of acetylation by Ex-527. First, we found that reductions in size of neural plate at neurula stages were induced by Ex-527 treatment. Second, tadpoles with short body length and large edematous swellings in the ventral side were frequently observed. Moreover, Ex-527-treated embryos showed severe gastrointestinal malformations in late tadpole stages. Taken together with these results, we conclude that the Sirtuin family start functioning at early embryonic stages and is required for various developmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Ohata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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38
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Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
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39
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Resveratrol does not increase body fat loss induced by energy restriction. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:639-46. [PMID: 24488488 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is known to have an antiobesogenic effect because it mimics energy restriction. However, hardly any evidence exists concerning the combined effects of RSV and energy restriction on body fat reduction. So, the aim of the present study was to determine whether RSV increases body fat reduction induced by energy restriction. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet for 6 weeks to obtain a diet-induced obesity model. Then they were submitted to a mild energy restriction (25%) without or with RSV supplementation (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 2 weeks. Final body weight, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal white adipose tissues weights, Adipose Index, and serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin were assessed. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) activities, as well as their genetic expressions, were measured in white adipose tissue. Final body weight, white adipose tissue weights, Adipose Index, and serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and insulin were reduced in both groups, but no differences were found among them. FAS, ACC, and LPL activities and expressions were also similar in both groups. These results suggest a lack of any adjuvant effect of RSV on energy restriction for obesity treatment purposes.
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40
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Simone BA, Champ CE, Rosenberg AL, Berger AC, Monti DA, Dicker AP, Simone NL. Selectively starving cancer cells through dietary manipulation: methods and clinical implications. Future Oncol 2014; 9:959-76. [PMID: 23837760 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the link between obesity and metabolic syndrome and cancer becomes clearer, the need to determine the optimal way to incorporate dietary manipulation in the treatment of cancer patients becomes increasingly important. Metabolic-based therapies, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting and a ketogenic diet, have the ability to decrease the incidence of spontaneous tumors and slow the growth of primary tumors, and may have an effect on distant metastases in animal models. Despite the abundance of preclinical data demonstrating the benefit of dietary modification for cancer, to date there are few clinical trials targeting diet as an intervention for cancer patients. We hypothesize that this may be due, in part, to the fact that several different types of diet modification exist with no clear recommendations regarding the optimal method. This article will delineate three commonly used methods of dietary manipulation to assess the potential of each as a regimen for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center & Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:380-401. [PMID: 23851032 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging, a determinant factor for cardiovascular disease and health status in the elderly, is now viewed as a modifiable risk factor. Impaired endothelial vasodilation is a early hallmark of arterial aging that precedes the clinical manifestations of vascular dysfunction, the first step to cardiovascular disease and influencing vascular outcomes in the elderly. Accordingly, the preservation of endothelial function is thought to be an essential determinant of healthy aging. With special attention on the effects of aging on the endothelial function, this review is focused on the two main mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction: oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging vasculature generates an excess of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, that compromise the vasodilatory activity of nitric oxide (NO) and facilitate the formation of the deleterious radical, peroxynitrite. Main sources of ROS are mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases, although NOS uncoupling could also account for ROS generation. In addition, reduced antioxidant response mediated by erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and downregulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) contributes to the establishment of chronic oxidative stress in aged vessels. This is accompanied by a chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype that participates in defective endothelial vasodilation. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is upregulated in vascular cells from old subjects and drives a proinflammatory shift that feedbacks oxidative stress. This chronic NF-κB activation is contributed by increased angiotensin-II signaling and downregulated sirtuins and precludes adequate cellular response to acute ROS generation. Interventions targeted to recover endogenous antioxidant capacity and cellular stress response rather than exogenous antioxidants could reverse oxidative stress-inflammation vicious cycle in vascular aging. Lifestyle attitudes such as caloric restriction and exercise training appear as effective ways to overcome defective antioxidant response and inflammation, favoring successful vascular aging and decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
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Blagosklonny MV. Immunosuppressants in cancer prevention and therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26961. [PMID: 24575379 PMCID: PMC3926869 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapalogs such as rapamycin (sirolimus), everolimus, temserolimus, and deforolimus are indicated for the treatment of some malignancies. Rapamycin is the most effective cancer-preventive agent currently known, at least in mice, dramatically delaying carcinogenesis in both normal and cancer-prone murine strains. In addition, rapamycin and everolimus decrease the risk of cancer in patients receiving these drugs in the context of immunosuppressive regimens. In general, the main concern about the use of immunosuppressants in humans is an increased risk of cancer. Given that rapalogs are useful in cancer prevention and therapy, should they be viewed as immunosuppressants or immunostimulators? Or should we reconsider the role of immunity in cancer altogether? In addition to its anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects, rapamycin operates as a gerosuppressant, meaning that it inhibits the cellular conversion to a senescent state (the so-called geroconversion), a fundamental process involved in aging and age-related pathologies including cancer.
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43
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Leontieva OV, Novototskaya LR, Paszkiewicz GM, Komarova EA, Gudkov AV, Blagosklonny MV. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway in p53-deficient mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:1182-8. [PMID: 24184801 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in growth, aging, and age-related diseases including cancer. There is an extensive cross talk between p53 and mTOR. In cell culture, p53 inhibits the mTOR pathway in a cell type-dependent manner. p53-deficient mice develop pro-inflammation and cancer. We have shown that rapamycin delayed cancer and extended lifespan, thus partially substituting for p53. Here we show that a marker of mTOR activity, phosphorylated S6 (p-S6), is increased in the hearts of p53-deficient mice. Furthermore, cardiac p-S6 correlated with body weight. Also, p53(-/-) mice were slightly hyperinsulinemic with a tendency to elevated IGF-1. Radiation exacerbated the difference between IGF-1 levels in normal and p53(-/-) mice. Noteworthy, radiation induced Thr-308 Akt phosphorylation in the livers (but not in the hearts) of both p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice. Simultaneously, radiation decreased p-S6 in the livers of normal mice, consistent with the negative effect of p53 on mTOR. Our data indicate that the activity of mTOR is increased in some but not all tissues of p53(-/-) mice, associated with the tendency to increased insulin and IGF-1 levels. Therefore, the absence of p53 may create oncophilic microenvironment, favoring cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Leontieva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | | | - Elena A Komarova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
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Hasty P, Christy BA. p53 as an intervention target for cancer and aging. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2013; 3:22702. [PMID: 24124625 PMCID: PMC3794078 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v3i0.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
p53 is well known for suppressing tumors but could also affect other aging processes not associated with tumor suppression. As a transcription factor, p53 responds to a variety of stresses to either induce apoptosis (cell death) or cell cycle arrest (cell preservation) to suppress tumor development. Yet, the effect p53 has on the non-cancer aspects of aging is complicated and not well understood. On one side, p53 could induce cellular senescence or apoptosis to suppress cancer but as an unintended consequence enhance the aging process especially if these responses diminish stem and progenitor cell populations. But on the flip side, p53 could reduce growth and growth-related stress to enable cell survival and ultimately delay the aging process. A better understanding of diverse functions of p53 is essential to elucidate its influences on the aging process and the possibility of targeting p53 or p53 transcriptional targets to treat cancer and ameliorate general aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA ; Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA ; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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45
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Merksamer PI, Liu Y, He W, Hirschey MD, Chen D, Verdin E. The sirtuins, oxidative stress and aging: an emerging link. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:144-50. [PMID: 23474711 PMCID: PMC3629286 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of compounds that can oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules and may influence lifespan. Sirtuins are a conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate lifespan in many model organisms including yeast and mice. Recent work suggests that sirtuins can modulate ROS levels notably during a dietary regimen known as calorie restriction which enhances lifespan for several organisms. Although both sirtuins and ROS have been implicated in the aging process, their precise roles remain unknown. In this review, we summarize current thinking about the oxidative stress theory of aging, discuss some of the compelling data linking the sirtuins to ROS and aging, and propose a conceptual model placing the sirtuins into an ROS-driven mitochondria-mediated hormetic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip I Merksamer
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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46
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Chillemi G, Davidovich P, D'Abramo M, Mametnabiev T, Garabadzhiu AV, Desideri A, Melino G. Molecular dynamics of the full-length p53 monomer. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3098-108. [PMID: 23974096 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is frequently mutated in a very large proportion of human tumors, where it seems to acquire gain-of-function activity that facilitates tumor onset and progression. A possible mechanism is the ability of mutant p53 proteins to physically interact with other proteins, including members of the same family, namely p63 and p73, inactivating their function. Assuming that this interaction might occurs at the level of the monomer, to investigate the molecular basis for this interaction, here, we sample the structural flexibility of the wild-type p53 monomeric protein. The results show a strong stability up to 850 ns in the DNA binding domain, with major flexibility in the N-terminal transactivations domains (TAD1 and TAD2) as well as in the C-terminal region (tetramerization domain). Several stable hydrogen bonds have been detected between N-terminal or C-terminal and DNA binding domain, and also between N-terminal and C-terminal. Essential dynamics analysis highlights strongly correlated movements involving TAD1 and the proline-rich region in the N-terminal domain, the tetramerization region in the C-terminal domain; Lys120 in the DNA binding region. The herein presented model is a starting point for further investigation of the whole protein tetramer as well as of its mutants.
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47
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Chimenti MS, Tucci P, Candi E, Perricone R, Melino G, Willis AE. Metabolic profiling of human CD4+ cells following treatment with methotrexate and anti-TNF-α infliximab. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3025-36. [PMID: 23974102 PMCID: PMC3875677 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune process in rheumatoid arthritis depends on activation of immune cells, which utilize intracellular kinases to respond to external stimuli such as cytokines, immune complexes, and antigens. CD4+ T cells comprise a large proportion of the inflammatory cells that invade the synovial tissue and may therefore be a cell type of pathogenic importance. Both methotrexate and infliximab are effective in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis; however, the biological effects triggered by these treatments and the biochemical mechanisms underlining the cell response are still not fully understood. Thus, in this study the global metabolic changes associated with methotrexate or infliximab treatment of isolated human CD4+ T cells were examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total 148 metabolites involved in selective pathways were found to be significantly altered. Overall, the changes observed are likely to reflect the effort of CD4+ cells to increase the production of cellular reducing power to offset the cellular stress exerted by treatment. Importantly, analysis of the global metabolic changes associated with MTX or infliximab treatment of isolated human CD4+ T cells suggested that the toxicity associated with these agents is minimal when used at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy
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Tucci P, Porta G, Agostini M, Antonov A, Garabadgiu AV, Melino G, Willis AE. Rapamycin regulates biochemical metabolites. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2454-67. [PMID: 23839040 PMCID: PMC3841324 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a master regulator of protein synthesis that couples nutrient sensing to cell growth, and deregulation of this pathway is associated with tumorigenesis. p53, and its less investigated family member p73, have been shown to interact closely with mTOR pathways through the transcriptional regulation of different target genes. To investigate the metabolic changes that occur upon inhibition of the mTOR pathway and the role of p73 in this response primary mouse embryonic fibroblast from control and TAp73(-/-) were treated with the macrocyclic lactone rapamycin. Extensive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis were used to obtain a rapamycin-dependent global metabolome profile from control or TAp73(-/-) cells. In total 289 metabolites involved in selective pathways were identified; 39 biochemical metabolites were found to be significantly altered, many of which are known to be associated with the cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tucci
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester, UK; Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Mao L, Franke J. Hormesis in aging and neurodegeneration-a prodigy awaiting dissection. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13109-28. [PMID: 23799363 PMCID: PMC3742177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the hormesis concept has been receiving increasing attention in the field of aging research. It has been proposed that within a certain concentration window, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could act as major mediators of anti-aging and neuroprotective processes. Such hormetic phenomena could have potential therapeutic applications, if properly employed. Here, we review the current theories of hormetic phenomena in regard to aging and neurodegeneration, with the focus on its underlying mechanism. Facilitated by a simple mathematical model, we show for the first time that ROS-mediated hormesis can be explained by the addition of different biomolecular reactions including oxidative damage, MAPK signaling and autophagy stimulation. Due to their divergent scales, the optimal hormetic window is sensitive to each kinetic parameter, which may vary between individuals. Therefore, therapeutic utilization of hormesis requires quantitative characterizations in order to access the optimal hormetic window for each individual. This calls for a personalized medicine approach for a longer human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mao
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenbruger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-30-5019-3616; Fax: +49-30-5019-3648
| | - Jacqueline Franke
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
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50
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Giacobbe A, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Bernassola F, Terrinoni A, Markert EK, Levine AJ, Feng Z, Agostini M, Zolla L, Agrò AF, Notterman DA, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. p63 regulates glutaminase 2 expression. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1395-405. [PMID: 23574722 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is critical for many biological processes, including development and maintenance of epidermal tissues and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the TAp63 isoforms regulate cell metabolism through the induction of the mitochondrial glutaminase 2 (GLS2) gene both in primary cells and tumor cell lines. By ChIP analysis and luciferase assay, we confirmed that TAp63 binds directly to the p53/p63 consensus DNA binding sequence within the GLS2 promoter region. Given the critical role of p63 in epidermal differentiation, we have investigated the regulation of GLS2 expression during this process. GLS2 and TAp63 expression increases during the in vitro differentiation of primary human keratinocytes, and depletion of GLS2 inhibits skin differentiation both at molecular and cellular levels. We found that GLS2 and TAp63 expression are concomitantly induced in cancer cells exposed to oxidative stresses. siRNA-mediated depletion of GLS2 sensitizes cells to ROS-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the TAp63/GLS2 axis can be functionally important as a cellular antioxidant pathway in the absence of p53. Accordingly, we found that GLS2 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that GLS2 is a bona fide TAp63 target gene, and that the TAp63-dependent regulation of GLS2 is important for both physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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