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Wang R, Chen Y, Xie Y, Ma X, Liu Y. Deciphering and overcoming Anti-PD-1 resistance in Melanoma: A comprehensive review of Mechanisms, biomarker Developments, and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111989. [PMID: 38583243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, tens of thousands of people die from melanoma each year, making it the most frequently fatal form of cutaneous cancer. Immunotherapeutic advancements, particularly with anti-PD-1 medications, have significantly enhanced treatment outcomes over recent decades. With the broad application of anti-PD-1 therapies, insights into the mechanisms of resistance have evolved. Despite the development of combination treatments and early predictive biomarkers, a comprehensive synthesis of these advancements is absent in the current literature. This review underscores the prevailing knowledge of anti-PD-1 resistance mechanisms and underscores the critical role of robust predictive biomarkers in stratifying patients for targeted combinations of anti-PD-1 and other conventional or innovative therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we offer insights that may shape future melanoma treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai Clinical College of Dermatology, Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yongyi Xie
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai Clinical College of Dermatology, Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China.
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2
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Broquet A, Gourain V, Goronflot T, Le Mabecque V, Sinha D, Ashayeripanah M, Jacqueline C, Martin P, Davieau M, Boutin L, Poulain C, Martin FP, Fourgeux C, Petrier M, Cannevet M, Leclercq T, Guillonneau M, Chaumette T, Laurent T, Harly C, Scotet E, Legentil L, Ferrières V, Corgnac S, Mami-Chouaib F, Mosnier JF, Mauduit N, McWilliam HEG, Villadangos JA, Gourraud PA, Asehnoune K, Poschmann J, Roquilly A. Sepsis-trained macrophages promote antitumoral tissue-resident T cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:802-819. [PMID: 38684922 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis induces immune alterations, which last for months after the resolution of illness. The effect of this immunological reprogramming on the risk of developing cancer is unclear. Here we use a national claims database to show that sepsis survivors had a lower cumulative incidence of cancers than matched nonsevere infection survivors. We identify a chemokine network released from sepsis-trained resident macrophages that triggers tissue residency of T cells via CCR2 and CXCR6 stimulations as the immune mechanism responsible for this decreased risk of de novo tumor development after sepsis cure. While nonseptic inflammation does not provoke this network, laminarin injection could therapeutically reproduce the protective sepsis effect. This chemokine network and CXCR6 tissue-resident T cell accumulation were detected in humans with sepsis and were associated with prolonged survival in humans with cancer. These findings identify a therapeutically relevant antitumor consequence of sepsis-induced trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Broquet
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Victor Gourain
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Goronflot
- CHU Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, INSERM, Nantes Université, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Le Mabecque
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Debajyoti Sinha
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Mitra Ashayeripanah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cédric Jacqueline
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Martin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Davieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Lea Boutin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Cecile Poulain
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Florian P Martin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Petrier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Manon Cannevet
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Leclercq
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Maeva Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- Olgram SAS, Bréhan, France
| | - Tanguy Chaumette
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Legentil
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes, ISCR - UMR CNRS 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes, ISCR - UMR CNRS 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Stephanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pierre Antoine Gourraud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, INSERM, Nantes Université, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France.
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology UMR 1064, Nantes, France.
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Brandlmaier M, Hoellwerth M, Koelblinger P, Lang R, Harrer A. Adjuvant PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Early Cutaneous Melanoma: Immunological Mode of Action and the Role of Ultraviolet Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1461. [PMID: 38672543 PMCID: PMC11047851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma ranks as the fifth most common solid cancer in adults worldwide and is responsible for a significant proportion of skin-tumor-related deaths. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies has revolutionized the adjuvant treatment of high-risk, completely resected stage III/IV melanoma. However, not all patients benefit equally. Current strategies for improving outcomes involve adjuvant treatment in earlier disease stages (IIB/C) as well as perioperative treatment approaches. Interfering with T-cell exhaustion to counteract cancer immune evasion and the immunogenic nature of melanoma is key for anti-PD-1 effectiveness. Yet, the biological rationale for the efficacy of adjuvant treatment in clinically tumor-free patients remains to be fully elucidated. High-dose intermittent sun exposure (sunburn) is a well-known primary risk factor for melanomagenesis. Also, ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced immunosuppression may impair anti-cancer immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about adjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade, including a characterization of the main cell types most likely responsible for its efficacy. In conclusion, we propose that local and systemic immunosuppression, to some extent UVR-mediated, can be restored by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy, consequently boosting anti-melanoma immune surveillance and the elimination of residual melanoma cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brandlmaier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Hoellwerth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Darvishvand R, Rezaeifard S, Kiani R, Tahmasebi S, Faghih Z, Erfani N. Natural killer cell subsets and their functional molecules in peripheral blood of the patients with breast cancer. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1255. [PMID: 38652012 PMCID: PMC11037257 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells, CD3- lymphocytes, are critical players in cancer immune surveillance. This study aimed to assess two types of CD3- NK cell classifications (subsets), that is, convectional subsets (based on CD56 and CD16 expression) and new subsets (based on CD56, CD27, and CD11b expression), and their functional molecules in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer (BC) in comparison with healthy donors (HDs). METHODS Thirty untreated females with BC and 20 age-matched healthy women were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected and directly incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD56, CD16, CD27, CD11b, CD96, NKG2C, NKG2D, NKp44, CXCR3, perforin, and granzyme B. Red blood cells were then lysed using lysing solution, and the stained cells were acquired on four-color flow cytometer. RESULT Our results indicated 15% of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with BC and HDs had NK cells phenotype. However, the frequency of total NK cells (CD3-CD56+), and NK subsets (based on conventional and new classifications) was not significantly different between patients and HDs. We observed mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CXCR3 in total NK cells (p = .02) and the conventional cytotoxic (CD3-CD56dim CD16+) NK cells (p = .03) were significantly elevated in the patients with BC compared to HDs. Despite this, the MFI of granzyme B expression in conventional regulatory (CD3-CD56brightCD16- /+) NK cells and CD3-CD56-CD16+ NK cells (p = .03 and p = .004, respectively) in the patients was lower than healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The higher expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 on total NK cells in patients with BC may be associated with increased chemotaxis-related NK cell infiltration. However, lower expression of granzyme B in conventional regulatory NK cells and CD3-CD56-CD16+ NK cells in the patients compared to HDs suggests reduced cytotoxic activity of the NK cells in BC. These results might demonstrate accumulating NK subsets with a dysfunctional phenotype in the peripheral blood of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Darvishvand
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Somayeh Rezaeifard
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Razie Kiani
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Sedigheh Tahmasebi
- Breast Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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5
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Bafaloukos D, Kouzis P, Gouveris P, Boukovinas I, Kalbakis K, Baka S, Kyriakakis G, Moschou D, Molfeta A, Demiri S, Mavroudis D, Spanoudi F, Dimitriadis I, Gogas H. Real-world management practices and characteristics of patients with advanced melanoma initiated on immuno-oncology or targeted therapy in the first-line setting during the period 2015-2018 in Greece. The 'SUMMER' study: a retrospective multicenter chart review project. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:152-165. [PMID: 38092014 PMCID: PMC10906211 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study primarily aimed to generate real-world evidence (RWE) on the profile and first-line treatment (1LT) patterns of patients with advanced (unresectable Stage III/metastatic) cutaneous melanoma initiated on immuno-oncology (IO)- or targeted therapy (TT)-based 1LT between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2018 (index period), in routine settings of Greece. This was a multicenter, retrospective chart review study. Eligible consented (unless deceased, for whom consent was waived by the hospital) patients were consecutively included by six oncology clinics. The look-back period extended from informed consent or death to initial melanoma diagnosis. Between 9 Junuary 2021 and 9 February 2022, 225 eligible patients (all Caucasians; 60.4% male; 35.6% diagnosed with de novo advanced melanoma) were included. At 1LT initiation, median age was 62.6 years; 2.7/6.7/90.7% of the patients had Stage IIIB/IIIC/IV disease and 9.3% were unresected. Most frequent metastatic sites were the lung (46.7%), non-regional nodes (33.8%), and liver (20.9%). Among patients, 98.2% had single primary melanoma, 45.6% had disease localized on the trunk, and 63.6% were BRAF-mutant. Of the patients, 45.3% initiated 1LT with an IO-based, 53.3% with a TT-based regimen, and three patients (1.3%) received TT-based followed by IO-based or vice versa. Most common 1LT patterns (frequency ≥10%) were BRAFi/MEKi combination (31.6%), anti-PD-1 monotherapy (25.3%), BRAFi monotherapy (21.8%), and anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy (17.8%). Most frequent regimens were Dabrafenib+Trametinib in 25.3%, and monotherapies with Pembrolizumab/Ipilimumab/Vemurafenib/Dabrafenib in 23.6/17.8/11.1/10.7% of patients, respectively. SUMMER provides RWE on 1LT strategies and profile of patients initiated 1L IO- or TT-based therapy in Greece during the 3-year index period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Kouzis
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Baka
- Oncology Department, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki
| | - Georgios Kyriakakis
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Despoina Moschou
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine
| | | | - Stamatia Demiri
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Hospital, Athens
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion
| | - Filio Spanoudi
- MSD Pharmaceutical, Industrial and Commercial S.A., Medical Affairs, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimitriadis
- MSD Pharmaceutical, Industrial and Commercial S.A., Medical Affairs, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine
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Di Simone M, Corsale AM, Toia F, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Di Stefano AB, Lo Presti E, Cordova A, Montesano L, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells as targets of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:760-770. [PMID: 38324004 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most sensitive tumors to immune modulation, and the major challenge for melanoma patients' survival is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. γδ T lymphocytes play an antitumoral role in a broad variety of tumors including melanoma and they are optimal candidates for cellular immunotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between γδ T cells and immune checkpoint receptors in the context of melanoma was conducted, with the aim of devising an innovative combined immunotherapeutic strategy. In this study, using the GEPIA2.0 database, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression of γδ T cell-related genes (TRGC1, TRGC2, TCRD) and immune checkpoint genes (PDCD1, HAVCR2, LAG3), highlighting the potential role of γδ T cells in the immune response within melanoma. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis unveiled a significant augmentation in the population of γδ T cells within melanoma lesions, which exhibited the expression of immune checkpoint receptors including LAG3, TIM3, and PD1. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a significant enrichment and functional reprogramming of γδ T cell clusters in response to ICIs. Interestingly, the effects of ICI therapy varied between Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets, with distinct changes in gene expression patterns. Last, a correlation analysis between γδ T cell abundance, immune checkpoint gene expression, and clinical outcomes in melanoma patients showed that low expression of immune checkpoint genes, including LAG3, HAVCR2, and PDCD1, was associated with improved 1-year overall survival, emphasizing the significance of these genes in predicting patient outcomes, potentially outweighing the impact of γδ T cell abundance. This study offers critical insights into the dynamic interaction between γδ T cells, immune checkpoint receptors, and melanoma, providing valuable perspectives for potential therapeutic avenues and predictive markers in this intricate interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Montesano
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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7
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Benhima N, Belbaraka R, Langouo Fontsa MD. Single agent vs combination immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a review of the evidence. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:69-73. [PMID: 38193381 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to outline the current landscape of advanced melanoma treatment options, provide insights on selecting combination therapies within different clinical scenarios, capture clinical relevance of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, and explore the unmet needs with immune check-point inhibitors (ICI) in advanced melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS ICI based treatment consisted of single agent ICI or dual combination ICI-ICI is the standard of care of front-line treatment of metastatic or unresectable melanoma. PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab) improved progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors (Ipilimumab and Tremelimumab). The dual ICI combination (Nivolumab and Ipilimumab) provided profound and durable responses better than monotherapy, and the longest overall survival ever achieved in advanced disease, including in patients with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)-mutated disease, but at the cost of a high risk of severe toxicity. The new dual blockage of LAG-3 and PD-1 (Nivolumab-Relatlimab) emerges as a valid option with promising efficacy outcomes and a favourable toxicity profile. Mature survival data is still needed to capture the real benefit. SUMMARY These new plethora of options pose new challenges not only for optimal treatment sequencing strategies but especially for management of adverse effects, endorsing the need to integrate a holistic and personalized approach for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Benhima
- Medical Oncology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rhizlane Belbaraka
- Medical Oncology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
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8
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Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Amiri D, Chang H, Ahmad N. Immune escape and metastasis mechanisms in melanoma: breaking down the dichotomy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336023. [PMID: 38426087 PMCID: PMC10902921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time. Immune escape and metastasis have previously been viewed as separate phenomena; however, accumulating evidence is breaking down this dichotomy. Recent research into the progressive mechanisms of melanoma provides evidence that dedifferentiation similar to classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), genes involved in neural crest stem cell maintenance, and hypoxia/acidosis, are important factors simultaneously involved in immune escape and metastasis. The likeness between EMT and early dissemination, and differences, also become apparent in these contexts. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms behind "dual drivers" simultaneously promoting metastatically inclined and immunosuppressive environments can yield novel strategies effective in disabling multiple facets of melanoma progression. Furthermore, understanding progression through these drivers may provide insight towards novel treatments capable of preventing recurrence arising from dormant dissemination or improving immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deeba Amiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Ju W, Cai HH, Zheng W, Li DM, Zhang W, Yang XH, Yan ZX. Cross‑talk between lymphangiogenesis and malignant melanoma cells: New opinions on tumour drainage and immunization (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:81. [PMID: 38249813 PMCID: PMC10797314 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumour that can easily metastasize through the lymphatic system at the early stages. Lymph node (LN) involvement and lymphatic vessel (LV) density (LVD) represent a harbinger of an adverse prognosis, indicating a strong link between the state of the lymphatic system and the advancement of MM. Permeable capillary lymphatic vessels are the optimal conduits for melanoma cell (MMC) invasion, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) can also release a variety of chemokines that actively attract MMCs expressing chemokine ligands through a gradient orientation. Moreover, due to the lower oxidative stress environment in the lymph compared with the blood circulation, MMCs are more likely to survive and colonize. The number of LVs surrounding MM is associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which is crucial for the effectiveness of immunotherapy. On the other hand, MMCs can release various endothelial growth factors such as VEGF-C/D-VEGFR3 to mediate LN education and promote lymphangiogenesis. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles are also used to promote lymphangiogenesis and create a microenvironment that is more conducive to tumour progression. MM is surrounded by a large number of lymphocytes. However, both LECs and MMCs are highly plastic, playing multiple roles in evading immune surveillance. They achieve this by expressing inhibitory ligands or reducing antigen recognition. In recent years, tertiary lymphoid structures have been shown to be associated with response to anti-immune checkpoint therapy, which is often a positive prognostic feature in MM. The present review discusses the interaction between lymphangiogenesis and MM metastasis, and it was concluded that the relationship between LVD and TILs and patient prognosis is analogous to a dynamically tilted scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ju
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hua Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - De-Ming Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Hu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Yan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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10
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Al Hmada Y, Brodell RT, Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Santourlidis S, Hassan M. Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:470. [PMID: 38275910 PMCID: PMC10814963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, composed of genetically divergent subpopulations, including a small fraction of melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and many non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs). CSCs are characterized by their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways with a causal or consequential relationship with tumor progression, drug resistance, and recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, and NF1). Of these, the most common are the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, with 50% of melanomas demonstrating the BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E). While the successful targeting of BRAFV600E does improve overall survival, the long-term efficacy of available therapeutic options is limited due to adverse side effects and reduced clinical efficacy. Additionally, drug resistance develops rapidly via mechanisms involving fast feedback re-activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This article updates information relevant to the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance and particularly the mechanistic role of CSCs in melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdulhadi A. Alamodi
- College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, 310 W Woodrow Wilson Ave Ste 300, Jackson, MS 39213, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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11
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Fiorentino V, Pizzimenti C, Franchina M, Pepe L, Russotto F, Tralongo P, Micali MG, Militi GB, Lentini M. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunohistochemical Expression and Cutaneous Melanoma: A Controversial Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:676. [PMID: 38203846 PMCID: PMC10779806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is traditionally considered one of the most "immunogenic" tumors, eliciting a high immune response. However, despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), melanoma cells use strategies to suppress antitumor immunity and avoid being eliminated by immune surveillance. The PD-1 (programmed death-1)/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) axis is a well-known immune escape system adopted by neoplastic cells. Therefore, immunotherapy with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors is quickly becoming the main treatment approach for metastatic melanoma patients. However, the clinical utility of PD-L1 expression assessment in CM is controversial, and the interpretation of PD-L1 scores in clinical practice is still a matter of debate. Nonetheless, the recent literature data show that by adopting specific PD-L1 assessment methods in melanoma samples, a correlation between the expression of such a biomarker and a positive response to PD-1-based immunotherapy can be seen. Our review aims to describe the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the prognostic and predictive role of PD-L1 expression in CM while also referring to possible biological explanations for the variability in its expressions and related treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Ludovica Pepe
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Fernanda Russotto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Pietro Tralongo
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Gloria Micali
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Gaetano Basilio Militi
- Department of Sciences for Promotion of Health and Mother and Child Care, Anatomic Pathology, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (M.G.M.); (M.L.)
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12
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Cobankent Aytekin E, Unal B, Bassorgun CI, Ozkan O. Clinicopathologic Evaluation of CD80, CD86, and PD-L1 Expressions with Immunohistochemical Methods in Malignant Melanoma Patients. Turk Patoloji Derg 2024; 40:16-26. [PMID: 37614091 PMCID: PMC10823788 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for malignant melanoma are crucial for treatment and for developing targeted therapies. Malignant melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor, and its regression, treatment, and prognostic evaluation are directly related to escape from immune destruction. Therefore, we aimed to determine the expression levels of CD80, CD86, and PD -L1 in malignant melanoma tissue samples by immunohistochemistry and to investigate the possible relationship between these proteins and the clinicopathological features in this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD80, CD86, and PD-L1 were evaluated for clinical data, survival, prognosis, tumor location, malignant melanoma subtypes, tumor size, and prognostic findings. RESULTS Higher survival rates were observed in patients with lower PD-L1 staining scores in the tumor. The 5-year survival was higher in patients with CD80-positive and CD86-positive biopsies. Mortality was lower in superficial spreading melanoma and Lentigo maligna melanoma types, whereas staining positivity of CD80 and CD86 was higher. Furthermore, a relationship between clinical stage and Breslow thickness ( < 2mm/≥2mm), tumor ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and CD80 and CD86 expression was also identified. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PD-L1, CD80, and CD86 expression are essential in malignant melanoma and could be used as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ozlenen Ozkan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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13
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Ramon J, Engelen Y, De Keersmaecker H, Goemaere I, Punj D, Mejía Morales J, Bonte C, Berx G, Hoste E, Stremersch S, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles for B16-F10 melanoma cell killing and intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 365:1019-1036. [PMID: 38065413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The most lethal form of skin cancer is cutaneous melanoma, a tumor that develops in the melanocytes, which are found in the epidermis. The treatment strategy of melanoma is dependent on the stage of the disease and often requires combined local and systemic treatment. Over the years, systemic treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized and shifted toward immunotherapeutic approaches. Phototherapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) have gained considerable attention in the field, mainly because of their straightforward applicability in melanoma skin cancer, combined with the fact that these strategies are able to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), linked with a specific antitumor immune response. However, PTT comes with the risk of uncontrolled heating of the surrounding healthy tissue due to heat dissipation. Here, we used pulsed laser irradiation of endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes to induce cell killing of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells in a non-thermal manner. Pulsed laser irradiation of the B16-F10 cells resulted in the formation of water vapor nanobubbles (VNBs) around endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes, causing mechanical cell damage. We demonstrated that laser-induced VNBs are able to kill B16-F10 cells with high spatial resolution. When looking more deeply into the cell death mechanism, we found that a large part of the B16-F10 cells succumbed rapidly after pulsed laser irradiation, reaching maximum cell death already after 4 h. Practically all necrotic cells demonstrated exposure of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane and caspase-3/7 activity, indicative of regulated cell death. Furthermore, calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), three key damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in ICD, were found to be exposed from B16-F10 cells upon pulsed laser irradiation to an extent that exceeded or was comparable to the bona fide ICD-inducer, doxorubicin. Finally, we could demonstrate that VNB formation from melanosomes induced plasma membrane permeabilization. This allowed for enhanced intracellular delivery of bleomycin, an ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic, which further boosted cell death with the potential to improve the systemic antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ramon
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanou Engelen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core Facility, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilia Goemaere
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Deep Punj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Julián Mejía Morales
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cédric Bonte
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Esther Hoste
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Ceci C, García-Chico C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Graziani G, Pinto-Fraga J. Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. J Cancer 2024; 15:1-19. [PMID: 38164270 PMCID: PMC10751671 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies consistently indicated that physical activity/exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence and recurrence of various malignancies, by exerting a beneficial modulation of cancer hallmarks. Moreover, physical activity is suggested to attenuate certain adverse effects of anticancer therapy, including the reduction of cardiovascular toxicity and symptoms related to depression and anxiety, among others, while preserving muscular strength. In the case of melanoma, the relationship with physical activity has been critically debated. Historically, several cohort studies and meta-analyses reported a positive association between physical activity/exercise and melanoma risk. This association was primarily attributed to outdoor activities that may expose the skin to UV radiation, a well-known risk factor for melanocyte transformation. However, more recent evidence does not support such association and recognizes physical activity/exercise role in both melanoma prevention and progression. Nevertheless, sun protection is recommended during outdoor training to minimize UV radiation exposure. This narrative review summarizes preclinical and clinical data about physical activity effects on melanoma hallmarks. Specifically, experimental evidence is reported concerning (i) invasion and metastasis, (ii) reprogramming of energy metabolism, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) resistance to cell death, (v) evasion from immune destruction, and (vi) tumor-promoting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Celia García-Chico
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - José Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
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15
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Nazari A, Momayezi A, Faghihkhorasani F, Rasool Riyadh Abdulwahid AH, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kavei M, Rezaei R, Mobarak H, Aref AR, Fang W. Nano-scale delivery systems for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: New era of gene therapy empowered by nanotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117263. [PMID: 37797672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a unique treatment approach used to decrease a disease's excessive gene expression, including cancer. SiRNAs may find and destroy homologous mRNA sequences within the cell thanks to RNAi processes. However, difficulties such poor cellular uptake, off-target effects, and susceptibility to destruction by serum nucleases in the bloodstream restrict the therapeutic potential of siRNAs. Since some years ago, siRNA-based therapies have been in the process of being translated into the clinic. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this work is on sophisticated nanocarriers that aid in the transport of siRNA payloads, their administration in combination with anticancer medications, and their use in the treatment of cancer. The research looks into molecular manifestations, difficulties with siRNA transport, the design and development of siRNA-based delivery methods, and the benefits and drawbacks of various nanocarriers. The trapping of siRNA in endosomes is a challenge for the majority of delivery methods, which affects the therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous techniques for siRNA release, including as pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, the proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption, have been studied to overcome this problem. The present state of siRNA treatments in clinical trials is also looked at in order to give a thorough and systematic evaluation of siRNA-based medicines for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science, and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammed Kavei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Clinical Pathologist, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Rahimi A, Malakoutikhah Z, Rahimmanesh I, Ferns GA, Nedaeinia R, Ishaghi SMM, Dana N, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The nexus of natural killer cells and melanoma tumor microenvironment: crosstalk, chemotherapeutic potential, and innovative NK cell-based therapeutic strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:312. [PMID: 38057843 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of melanoma cells to regional lymph nodes and distant sites is an important contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality among patients with melanoma. This intricate process entails dynamic interactions involving tumor cells, cellular constituents, and non-cellular elements within the microenvironment. Moreover, both microenvironmental and systemic factors regulate the metastatic progression. Central to immunosurveillance for tumor cells are natural killer (NK) cells, prominent effectors of the innate immune system with potent antitumor and antimetastatic capabilities. Recognizing their pivotal role, contemporary immunotherapeutic strategies are actively integrating NK cells to combat metastatic tumors. Thus, a meticulous exploration of the interplay between metastatic melanoma and NK cells along the metastatic cascade is important. Given the critical involvement of NK cells within the melanoma tumor microenvironment, this comprehensive review illuminates the intricate relationship between components of the melanoma tumor microenvironment and NK cells, delineating their multifaceted roles. By shedding light on these critical aspects, this review advocates for a deeper understanding of NK cell dynamics within the melanoma context, driving forward transformative strategies to combat this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Chai K, Wang C, Zhou J, Mu W, Gao M, Fan Z, Lv G. Quenching thirst with poison? Paradoxical effect of anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106987. [PMID: 37949332 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have been developed with expectations to provide long-term or at least short-term survival benefits for patients with cancer. Unfortunately, drug therapy tends to provoke malignant biological and clinical behaviours of cancer cells relating not only to the evolution of resistance to specific drugs but also to the enhancement of their proliferation and metastasis abilities. Thus, drug therapy is suspected to impair long-term survival in treated patients under certain circumstances. The paradoxical therapeutic effects could be described as 'quenching thirst with poison', where temporary relief is sought regardless of the consequences. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which tumours react on drug-induced stress to maintain viability is crucial to develop rational targeting approaches which may optimize survival in patients with cancer. In this review, we describe the paradoxical adverse effects of anticancer drugs, in particular how cancer cells complete resistance evolution, enhance proliferation, escape from immune surveillance and metastasize efficiently when encountered with drug therapy. We also describe an integrative therapeutic framework that may diminish such paradoxical effects, consisting of four main strategies: (1) targeting endogenous stress response pathways, (2) targeting new identities of cancer cells, (3) adaptive therapy- exploiting subclonal competition of cancer cells, and (4) targeting tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wentao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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18
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Felici C, Passarelli A, Cafforio P, Racanelli V, Leone P, Tucci M. Lenalidomide arrests cell cycle and modulates PD1-dependent downstream mTOR intracellular signals in melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:357-363. [PMID: 37451673 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to define the best therapeutic strategies in advanced melanoma, the response of many patients remains heterogeneous and of short duration. Lenalidomide, an immunomodulating drug, has shown anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and anticancer properties in haematological disorders; however, few preclinical data support the rationale for using this drug in melanoma patients. In this study, we investigate lenalidomide's potential role in melanoma by focusing on the in-vitro drug's antiproliferative activity. The antiproliferative action of lenalidomide was evaluated on two melanoma cell lines by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assay. P21 protein levels were evaluated with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and western blot analysis while his interaction with specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) was assessed by immunoprecipitation test. The biological effect and molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in the regulation of proliferation were evaluated using ddPCR, flow cytometry, western blot and small interfering RNA transfection. We observed that lenalidomide exerts a cytostatic effect in melanoma cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase through p21 upregulation and modulation of CDK complexes. Furthermore, we found that lenalidomide has an antiproliferative action through the downregulation of melanoma-PD1 expression and consequently the alteration of intracellular signaling of mammalian target of rapamycin/S6. The present study aims to provide new insights into the role of lenalidomide in melanoma and suggesting to potentially translating these findings into a clinical setting to use immunomodulatory derivatives for blocking the pro-tumorigenic activity of the melanoma through the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Felici
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, IRCCS Pascale di Napoli, Napoli
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
- Internal Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico di Bari
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
- Oncogenomic and Innovative Therapies Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
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19
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Sember Q, Sigal D. Protracted complete response after limited checkpoint inhibitor dosing: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7793. [PMID: 37799570 PMCID: PMC10547855 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important modality in the treatment of many types of malignancy. The optimal duration of treatment with immunotherapy in patients with metastatic malignancies who experience complete responses is not fully understood. Our case demonstrates a protracted complete response in a patient with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma after just three doses of pembrolizumab. This illustrates a need for further research into which patients might have responses such as these and could therefore be spared additional doses of an expensive treatment with many potential side effects.
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20
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Kichina JV, Maslov A, Kandel ES. PAK1 and Therapy Resistance in Melanoma. Cells 2023; 12:2373. [PMID: 37830586 PMCID: PMC10572217 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma claims more lives than any other skin malignancy. While primary melanomas are usually cured via surgical excision, the metastatic form of the disease portents a poor prognosis. Decades of intense research has yielded an extensive armamentarium of anti-melanoma therapies, ranging from genotoxic chemo- and radiotherapies to targeted interventions in specific signaling pathways and immune functions. Unfortunately, even the most up-to-date embodiments of these therapies are not curative for the majority of metastatic melanoma patients, and the need to improve their efficacy is widely recognized. Here, we review the reports that implicate p21-regulated kinase 1 (PAK1) and PAK1-related pathways in the response of melanoma to various therapeutic modalities. Ample data suggest that PAK1 may decrease cell sensitivity to programmed cell death, provide additional stimulation to growth-promoting molecular pathways, and contribute to the creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Accordingly, there is mounting evidence that the concomitant inhibition of PAK1 enhances the potency of various anti-melanoma regimens. Overall, the available information suggests that a safe and effective inhibition of PAK1-dependent molecular processes would enhance the potency of the currently available anti-melanoma treatments, although considerable challenges in implementing such strategies still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Kichina
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St., Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Alexei Maslov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St., Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Eugene S. Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St., Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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21
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Lam GT, Martini C, Brooks T, Prabhakaran S, Hopkins AM, Ung BSY, Tang J, Caruso MC, Brooks RD, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Hickey SM, Karageorgos L, Klebe S, O’Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Insights into Melanoma Clinical Practice: A Perspective for Future Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4631. [PMID: 37760601 PMCID: PMC10526186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is the key to improving outcomes for patients with melanoma, and this requires a standardized histological assessment approach. The objective of this survey was to understand the challenges faced by clinicians when assessing melanoma cases, and to provide a perspective for future studies. METHODS Between April 2022 and February 2023, national and international dermatologists, pathologists, general practitioners, and laboratory managers were invited to participate in a six-question online survey. The data from the survey were assessed using descriptive statistics and qualitative responses. RESULTS A total of 54 responses were received, with a 51.4% (n = 28) full completion rate. Of the respondents, 96.4% reported ambiguity in their monthly melanoma diagnosis, and 82.1% routinely requested immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing to confirm diagnosis. SOX10 was the most frequently requested marker, and most respondents preferred multiple markers over a single marker. Diagnostic and prognostic tests, as well as therapeutic options and patient management, were all identified as important areas for future research. CONCLUSIONS The respondents indicated that the use of multiple IHC markers is essential to facilitate diagnostic accuracy in melanoma assessment. Survey responses indicate there is an urgent need to develop new biomarkers for clinical decision making at multiple critical intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tiffany Brooks
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Aware Women’s Health Private Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ashley M. Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ben S.-Y. Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C. Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica M. Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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22
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Gonçalves L, Gonçalves D, Esteban-Casanelles T, Barroso T, Soares de Pinho I, Lopes-Brás R, Esperança-Martins M, Patel V, Torres S, Teixeira de Sousa R, Mansinho A, Costa L. Immunotherapy around the Clock: Impact of Infusion Timing on Stage IV Melanoma Outcomes. Cells 2023; 12:2068. [PMID: 37626878 PMCID: PMC10453728 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impact of circadian timing on immunotherapy has yet to be integrated into clinical practice, chronoimmunotherapy is an emerging and promising field as circadian oscillations are observed in immune cell numbers as well as the expression of immunotherapy targets, e.g., programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand programmed death ligand 1. Concurrent retrospective studies suggest that morning infusions may lead to higher effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and kidney cancer. This paper discusses the results of a retrospective study (2016-2022) exploring the impact of infusion timing on the outcomes of all 73 patients with stage IV melanoma receiving immunotherapy at a particular medical center. While the median overall survival (OS) was 24.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.04-39.8), for a median follow-up of 15.3 months, our results show that having more than 75% of infusions in the afternoon results in shorter median OS (14.9 vs. 38.1 months; hazard ratio 0.45 [CI 0.23-0.86]; p < 0.01) with more expressive impacts on particular subgroups: women, older patients, and patients with a lower tumor burden at the outset of immunotherapy. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of follow-up validation in prospective and translational randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gonçalves
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Duarte Gonçalves
- Department of Economics, University College London, London WC1H 0AX, UK
| | | | - Tiago Barroso
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Inês Soares de Pinho
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Raquel Lopes-Brás
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Miguel Esperança-Martins
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Patel
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Sofia Torres
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - Rita Teixeira de Sousa
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
| | - André Mansinho
- START Lisbon, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal (L.C.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Pelka S, Guha C. Enhancing Immunogenicity in Metastatic Melanoma: Adjuvant Therapies to Promote the Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2245. [PMID: 37626741 PMCID: PMC10452223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by low survival rates. Less than 50% of advanced melanoma patients respond to current therapies, and of those patients that do respond, many present with tumor recurrence due to resistance. The immunosuppressive tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) remains a major obstacle in melanoma therapy. Adjuvant treatment modalities that enhance anti-tumor immune cell function are associated with improved patient response. One potential mechanism to stimulate the anti-tumor immune response is by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumors. ICD leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns within the TIME, subsequently promoting antigen presentation and anti-tumor immunity. This review summarizes relevant concepts and mechanisms underlying ICD and introduces the potential of non-ablative low-intensity focused ultrasound (LOFU) as an immune-priming therapy that can be combined with ICD-inducing focal ablative therapies to promote an anti-melanoma immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pelka
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute of Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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24
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van Vliet AA, Peters E, Vodegel D, Steenmans D, Raimo M, Gibbs S, de Gruijl TD, Duru AD, Spanholtz J, Georgoudaki AM. Early TRAIL-engagement elicits potent multimodal targeting of melanoma by CD34 + progenitor cell-derived NK cells. iScience 2023; 26:107078. [PMID: 37426355 PMCID: PMC10329179 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ progenitor cell-derived natural killer (NK) cells exert efficient cytotoxicity against various melanoma cell lines. Of interest, the relative cytotoxic performance of individual UCB donors was consistent throughout the melanoma panel and correlated with IFNγ, TNF, perforin and granzyme B levels. Importantly, intrinsic perforin and Granzyme B load predicts NK cell cytotoxic capacity. Exploring the mode of action revealed involvement of the activating receptors NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and most importantly of TRAIL. Strikingly, combinatorial receptor blocking led to more pronounced inhibition of cytotoxicity (up to 95%) than individual receptor blocking, especially in combination with TRAIL-blocking, suggesting synergistic cytotoxic NK cell activity via engagement of multiple receptors which was also confirmed in a spheroid model. Importantly, lack of NK cell-related gene signature in metastatic melanomas correlates with poor survival highlighting the clinical significance of NK cell therapies as a promising treatment for high-risk melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. van Vliet
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ella Peters
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Vodegel
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monica Raimo
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adil D. Duru
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
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25
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Zhang H, Hunter MV, Chou J, Quinn JF, Zhou M, White RM, Tansey W. BayesTME: An end-to-end method for multiscale spatial transcriptional profiling of the tissue microenvironment. Cell Syst 2023; 14:605-619.e7. [PMID: 37473731 PMCID: PMC10368078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variation in cellular phenotypes underlies heterogeneity in immune recognition and response to therapy in cancer and many other diseases. Spatial transcriptomics holds the potential to quantify such variation, but existing analysis methods are limited by their focus on individual tasks such as spot deconvolution. We present BayesTME, an end-to-end Bayesian method for analyzing spatial transcriptomics data. BayesTME unifies several previously distinct analysis goals under a single, holistic generative model. This unified approach enables BayesTME to deconvolve spots into cell phenotypes without any need for paired single-cell RNA-seq. BayesTME then goes beyond spot deconvolution to uncover spatial expression patterns among coordinated subsets of genes within phenotypes, which we term spatial transcriptional programs. BayesTME achieves state-of-the-art performance across myriad benchmarks. On human and zebrafish melanoma tissues, BayesTME identifies spatial transcriptional programs that capture fundamental biological phenomena such as bilateral symmetry and tumor-associated fibroblast and macrophage reprogramming. BayesTME is open source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Miranda V Hunter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chou
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Quinn
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wesley Tansey
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Rubatto M, Fava P, Stanganelli I, Ribero S, Pigozzo J, Di Giacomo AM, Ridolfi L, Tronconi MC, Trojaniello C, Bersanelli M, Garutti M, Indini A, De Risi I, De Tursi M, Merelli B, Morgese F, Occelli M, Cappellini GCA, Poletto S, Fedele D, Brugnara S, Frisinghelli M, Formisano L, Conca R, Tucci M, Russillo M, Ceroni L, Queirolo P, Targato G, Strippoli S, Mandalà M, Guida M, Quaglino P. Discontinuation of anti-PD1 in advanced melanoma: an observational retrospective study from the Italian Melanoma Intergroup. Eur J Cancer 2023; 187:25-35. [PMID: 37099946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has improved the survival of patients with stage IV melanoma. In responders, clinical benefits may be long-lasting and persist even after treatment discontinuation. The optimal duration of anti-PD1 (anti-Programmed cell death-1) therapy in metastatic melanoma patients remains to be elucidated. Moreover, limited data are available on clinical outcomes of patients that discontinued anti-PD1 immunotherapy in a real-life setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic melanoma who interrupted anti-PD-1 treatment in the in the absence of disease progression. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD1 immunotherapy at 23 Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI) centres. The study investigated the risk of relapse in patients who stopped anti-PD1 therapy due to CR (Complete response), treatment-related toxicity, or by their own choice after a long period of treatment. Clinical and biological factors associated with or without recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS The study population included 237 patients. The median age of patients was 68.9 years (standard deviation: 13; range 33-95). The median time on treatment was 33 months (standard deviation: 18, 7; range 1-98). Among the 237 patients, 128 (54%) interrupted the anti-PD1 for CR, 74 patients (31.2%) for adverse events (37 patients in CR, 27 patients in partial response (PR), ten patients in stable disease (SD), and 35 patients (14.8%) by their own choice (12 patients in CR, 17 patients in PR, and 6 patients in SD). After a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 1-81), PFS after anti-PD1 discontinuation was 85.7%. Thirty-four patients (14.3%) developed disease progression after a median of 12 months (range 1-35): ten patients (29.4%) after discontinuation in CR, 17 patients (50%) after discontinuation for treatment-related toxicity (seven in CR, five in PR, five in SD), and seven (20.6%) after discontinuation due to the patient's decision (two in CR, four in PR, one in SD). Only 7.8% of patients who interrupted in CR (10/128), along with 23% of patients who interrupted for limiting toxicity (17/74) and 20% of patients who interrupted by their own choice (7/35), developed recurrence. Regarding patients who discontinued therapy because of CR, we observed a negative association between recurrence and site of primary melanoma, especially mucosal sites (p = <0.05, HR (Hazard ratio) 15.57 IC (confidence interval) 95% 2.64-91.73). Moreover, M1b patients who achieved a CR showed a lower number of relapses (p = <0.05, HR 3.84 IC 95% 1.40-8.48). CONCLUSIONS This study shows in a real-life setting that, with anti-PD-1 therapy, long-lasting responses, can be maintained after anti-PD1 interruption. In 70.6% of cases, recurrences were observed among patients who did not obtain a CR at treatment discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Ridolfi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Tronconi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Trojaniello
- Department of Melanoma and Cancer Immunotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Garutti
- CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alice Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana De Risi
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele De Tursi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Merelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Morgese
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcella Occelli
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Oncology and Translational Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Croce and Carle University Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Poletto
- Istituto di Candiolo, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Dahlia Fedele
- Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Maggiore Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonia Brugnara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero, Vulture, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology, P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Targato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Hospital of Udine, Italy
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Capoferri D, Chiodelli P, Corli M, Belleri M, Scalvini E, Mignani L, Guerra J, Grillo E, De Giorgis V, Manfredi M, Presta M. The Pro-Oncogenic Sphingolipid-Metabolizing Enzyme β-Galactosylceramidase Modulates the Proteomic Landscape in BRAF(V600E)-Mutated Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10555. [PMID: 37445731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosylceramidase (GALC) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in sphingolipid metabolism by removing β-galactosyl moieties from β-galactosylceramide and β-galactosylsphingosine. Previous observations have shown that GALC may exert pro-oncogenic functions in melanoma and Galc silencing, leading to decreased oncogenic activity in murine B16 melanoma cells. The tumor-driving BRAF(V600E) mutation is present in approximately 50% of human melanomas and represents a major therapeutic target. However, such mutation is missing in melanoma B16 cells. Thus, to assess the impact of GALC in human melanoma in a more relevant BRAF-mutated background, we investigated the effect of GALC overexpression on the proteomic landscape of A2058 and A375 human melanoma cells harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation. The results obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) demonstrate that significant differences exist in the protein landscape expressed under identical cell culture conditions by A2058 and A375 human melanoma cells, both harboring the same BRAF(V600E)-activating mutation. GALC overexpression resulted in a stronger impact on the proteomic profile of A375 cells when compared to A2058 cells (261 upregulated and 184 downregulated proteins versus 36 and 14 proteins for the two cell types, respectively). Among them, 25 proteins appeared to be upregulated in both A2058-upGALC and A375-upGALC cells, whereas two proteins were significantly downregulated in both GALC-overexpressing cell types. These proteins appear to be involved in melanoma biology, tumor invasion and metastatic dissemination, tumor immune escape, mitochondrial antioxidant activity, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, autophagy, and/or apoptosis. Notably, analysis of the expression of the corresponding genes in human skin cutaneous melanoma samples (TCGA, Firehose Legacy) using the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics platform demonstrated a positive correlation between GALC expression and the expression levels of 14 out of the 27 genes investigated, thus supporting the proteomic findings. Overall, these data indicate for the first time that the expression of the lysosomal sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme GALC may exert a pro-oncogenic impact on the proteomic landscape in BRAF-mutated human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capoferri
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marzia Corli
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirella Belleri
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalvini
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Mignani
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Guerra
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), Unit of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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28
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Lesicka M, Nedoszytko B, Reszka E. Disruptions of Circadian Genes in Cutaneous Melanoma-An In Silico Analysis of Transcriptome Databases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10140. [PMID: 37373286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian genes are a set of genes that regulate the body's internal clock and influence various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, metabolism and immune function. Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a type of skin cancer that arises from the pigment-producing cells in the skin and is the most deadly form of skin cancer. This study has investigated the relevance of circadian gene expression and immune infiltrations in the outcomes of cutaneous melanoma patients. In the present study, in silico methods based on the GEPIa, TIMER 2.0 and cBioPortal databases were performed, so as to investigate the transcript level and prognostic value of 24 circadian genes in SKCM and their relationship with the immune infiltration level. The in silico analysis showed that significantly more than half of the investigated circadian genes have an altered transcript pattern in cutaneous melanoma compared to normal skin. The mRNA levels of TIMELES and BHLHE41 were upregulated, whereas those of NFIL3, BMAL1, HLF, TEF, RORA, RORC, NR1D1, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2 and BHLHE40 were downregulated. The presented research shows that SKCM patients with at least one alteration of their circadian genes have decreased overall survival. Additionally, majority of the circadian genes are significantly corelated with the immune cells' infiltration level. The strongest correlation was found for neutrophils and was followed by circadian genes: NR1D2 r = 0.52 p < 0.0001, BMAL1 r = 0.509 p < 0.0001; CLOCK r = 0.45 p < 0.0001; CSNKA1A1 r = 0.45 p < 0.0001; RORA r = 0.44 p < 0.0001. The infiltration level of immune cells in skin tumors has been associated with patient prognosis and treatment response. Circadian regulation of immune cell infiltration may further contribute to these prognostic and predictive markers. Examining the correlation between circadian rhythm and immune cell infiltration can provide valuable insights into disease progression and guide personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lesicka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-349 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, Polna 64, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-349 Lodz, Poland
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Wyrobnik I, Steinberg M, Gelfand A, Rosenblum R, Eid Mutlak Y, Sulimani L, Procaccia S, Ofran Y, Novak-Kotzer H, Meiri D. Decreased melanoma CSF-1 secretion by Cannabigerol treatment reprograms regulatory myeloid cells and reduces tumor progression. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219164. [PMID: 37325437 PMCID: PMC10262794 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During solid tumor progression, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves into a highly immunosuppressive milieu. Key players in the immunosuppressive environment are regulatory myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are recruited and activated via tumor-secreted cytokines such as colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). Therefore, the depletion of tumor-secreted cytokines is a leading anticancer strategy. Here, we found that CSF-1 secretion by melanoma cells is decreased following treatment with Cannabis extracts. Cannabigerol (CBG) was identified as the bioactive cannabinoid responsible for the effects. Conditioned media from cells treated with pure CBG or the high-CBG extract reduced the expansion and macrophage transition of the monocytic-MDSC subpopulation. Treated MO-MDSCs also expressed lower levels of iNOS, leading to restored CD8+ T-cell activation. Tumor-bearing mice treated with CBG presented reduced tumor progression, lower TAM frequencies and reduced TAM/M1 ratio. A combination of CBG and αPD-L1 was more effective in reducing tumor progression, enhancing survival and increasing the infiltration of activated cytotoxic T-cells than each treatment separately. We show a novel mechanism for CBG in modulating the TME and enhancing immune checkpoint blockade therapy, underlining its promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of a variety of tumors with elevated CSF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wyrobnik
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miryam Steinberg
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Gelfand
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Rosenblum
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Eid Mutlak
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liron Sulimani
- The Kleifeld Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cannasoul Analytics, Caesarea, Israel
| | - Shiri Procaccia
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Novak-Kotzer
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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30
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Chen J, Wang D, Chan S, Yang Q, Wang C, Wang X, Sun R, Gui Y, Yu S, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Tang K, Zhang H, Liu S. Development and validation of a novel T cell proliferation-related prognostic model for predicting survival and immunotherapy benefits in melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204748. [PMID: 37227816 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). This research aims to identify the actions of T cell proliferation-related genes (TRGs) on the prognosis and immunotherapy response of tumor patients. METHOD The clinical manifestation and gene expression data of SKCM patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. T cell proliferation-related molecular subtypes were identified utilizing consensus clustering. Subsequently, Cox and Lasso regression analysis was conducted to identify six prognostic genes, and a prognostic signature was constructed. A series of experiments, such as qRT-PCR, Western blotting and CCK8 assay, were then conducted to verify the reliability of the six genes. RESULTS In this study, a grading system was established to forecast survival time and responses to immunotherapy, providing an overview of the tumoral immune landscape. Meanwhile, we identified six prognostic signature genes. Notably, we also found that C1RL protein may inhibit the growth of melanoma cell lines. CONCLUSION The scoring system depending on six prognostic genes showed great efficiency in predicting survival time. The system could help to forecast prognosis of SKCM patients, characterize SKCM immunological condition, assess patient immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Daiyue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Shixin Chan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Shuling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Haoxue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Kechao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui 230022, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Shengxiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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Du F, Yang LH, Liu J, Wang J, Fan L, Duangmano S, Liu H, Liu M, Wang J, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Wang F. The role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:345. [PMID: 37221594 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common tumours and has the highest mortality rate of all types of skin cancers worldwide. Traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, including surgery, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have shown good efficacy in the treatment of melanoma. At present, the mainstay of treatment for melanoma is immunotherapy combined with other treatment strategies. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 inhibitors, are not particularly effective in the clinical treatment of patients with melanoma. Changes in mitochondrial function may affect the development of melanoma and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors. To elucidate the role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors, this review comprehensively summarises the role of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of melanoma, targets related to the function of mitochondria in melanoma cells and changes in mitochondrial function in different cells in melanoma resistant to PD-1 inhibitors. This review may help to develop therapeutic strategies for improving the clinical response rate of PD-1 inhibitors and prolonging the survival of patients by activating mitochondrial function in tumour and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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32
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Vuletić A, Tišma Miletić N, Nedeljković M, Babović N, Matković S, Jurišić V. Increased circulating monocyte MDSCs positively correlate with serum Interleukin-10 in metastatic melanoma patients. Innate Immun 2023:17534259231172079. [PMID: 37160888 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231172079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inhibitory cytokines identified in melanoma microenvironment have the important role in immune escape. Therefore, in this study we analyzed monocytic (m)MDSCs in peripheral blood of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients. In peripheral blood of 35 MM patients and 30 healthy controls we analyzed percentage of CD14 + HLA-DR- mMDSCs in monocyte gate and the mean fluorescence intensity of Foxp3 in CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T cells by Flow cytometry. Serum levels of transforming growth factor beta, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 are measured by ELISA assays. In this study MM patients have significantly higher percentage of CD14 + HLA-DR- mMDSCs, as well as increased the baseline mMDSC/PBMC subset (NK, T, B cells, monocytes) ratio. Although there is no significant difference in the percentage of mMDSCs between groups of MM patients with different localization of distant metastasis, patients with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have statistically significant higher percentage of these cells compared to LDH negative patients. Furthermore, in MM patients there is statistically significant positive correlation between values of IL-10 and the percentage of mMDSCs, only. Therefore, therapeutics that target circulating mMDSCs and IL-10 may have a big importance in the improvement of antitumor immunity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tišma Miletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Nedeljković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Babović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Matković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Meacci E, Nachira D, Congedo MT, Ibrahim M, Pariscenti G, Petrella F, Casiraghi M, De Stefani A, Del Regno L, Peris K, Triumbari EKA, Schinzari G, Rossi E, Petracca-Ciavarella L, Vita ML, Chiappetta M, Siciliani A, Peritore V, Manitto M, Morelli L, Zanfrini E, Tabacco D, Calabrese G, Bardoni C, Evangelista J, Spaggiari L, Margaritora S. Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases from Melanoma in Oligometastatic Patients: Results from a Multicentric Study in the Era of Immunoncology and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092462. [PMID: 37173927 PMCID: PMC10177250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of effective systemic therapies (ESTs) in the form of both targeted and immuno-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced stage III and stage IV melanoma. Even though lungs represent the most frequent site of melanoma metastases, only limited data are available on the role of surgery in isolated pulmonary metastases from malignant melanoma (PmMM) in the era of ESTs. The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of patients who underwent metastasectomy of PmMM in the era of ESTs, in order to identify prognostic factors affecting survival and to provide a framework for more informed patient selection of treatmeant with lung surgery in the future. Clinical data of 183 patients who underwent metastasectomy of PmMM between June 2008 and June 2021 were collected among four Italian Thoracic Centers. The main clinical, surgical and oncological variables reviewed were: sex, comorbidities, previous oncological history, melanoma histotypes and primary site, date of primary cancer surgical treatment, melanoma growth phase, Breslow thickness, mutation pattern disease, stage at diagnosis, metastatic sites, DFI (Disease Free Interval), characteristics of lung metastases (number, side, dimension, type of resection), adjuvant therapy after lung metastasectomy, site of recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS; defined as the time interval between the first melanoma resection or lung metastasectomy and death from cancer). All patients underwent surgical resection of the primary melanoma before lung metastasectomy. Twenty-six (14.2%) patients already had a synchronous lung metastasis at the time of primary melanoma diagnosis. A wedge resection was performed in 95.6% of cases to radically remove the pulmonary localizations, while an anatomical resection was necessary in the remaining cases. The incidence of major post-operative complications was null, while only 21 patients (11.5%) developed minor complications (mainly air leakage followed by atrial fibrillation). The mean in-hospital stay was 4.46 ± 2.8 days. Thirty- and sixty-day mortality were null. After lung surgery, 89.6% of the population underwent adjuvant treatments (47.0% immunotherapy, 42.6% targeted therapy). During a mean FUP of 107.2 ± 82.3 months, 69 (37.7%) patients died from melanoma disease, 11 (6.0%) from other causes. Seventy-three patients (39.9%) developed a recurrence of disease. Twenty-four (13.1%) patients developed extrapulmonary metastases after pulmonary metastasectomy. The CSS from melanoma resection was: 85% at 5 years, 71% at 10 years, 54% at 15 years, 42% at 20 years and 2% at 25 years. The 5- and 10-year CSS from lung metastasectomy were 71% and 26%, respectively. Prognostic factors negatively affecting CSS from lung metastasectomy at multivariable analysis were: melanoma vertical growth (p = 0.018), previous metastatic sites other than lung (p < 0.001) and DFI < 24 months (p = 0.007). Our results support the evidence that surgical indication confirms its important role in stage IV melanoma with resectable pulmonary metastases, and selected patients can still benefit from pulmonary metastasectomy in terms of overall cancer specific survival. Furthermore, the novel systemic therapies may contribute to prolonged survival after systemic recurrence following pulmonary metastasectomy. Patients with long DFI, radial growth melanoma phase and no site of metastatization other than lung seem to be the best candidate cases for lung metastasectomy; however, to drive stronger conclusions, further studies evaluating the role of metastasectomy in patients with iPmMM are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Meacci
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Dania Nachira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Congedo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohsen Ibrahim
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Petrella
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Casiraghi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Stefani
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Del Regno
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Katherine Anna Triumbari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, G-STeP Radiopharmacy Research Core Facility, Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Petracca-Ciavarella
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Vita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Chiappetta
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Siciliani
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Peritore
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manitto
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Morelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Zanfrini
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et de Trasplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Diomira Tabacco
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calabrese
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bardoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Evangelista
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Margaritora
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Vaios EJ, Winter SF, Shih HA, Dietrich J, Peters KB, Floyd SR, Kirkpatrick JP, Reitman ZJ. Novel Mechanisms and Future Opportunities for the Management of Radiation Necrosis in Patients Treated for Brain Metastases in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2432. [PMID: 37173897 PMCID: PMC10177360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation necrosis, also known as treatment-induced necrosis, has emerged as an important adverse effect following stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) for brain metastases. The improved survival of patients with brain metastases and increased use of combined systemic therapy and SRS have contributed to a growing incidence of necrosis. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway (cGAS-STING) represents a key biological mechanism linking radiation-induced DNA damage to pro-inflammatory effects and innate immunity. By recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA, cGAS induces a signaling cascade that results in the upregulation of type 1 interferons and dendritic cell activation. This pathway could play a key role in the pathogenesis of necrosis and provides attractive targets for therapeutic development. Immunotherapy and other novel systemic agents may potentiate activation of cGAS-STING signaling following radiotherapy and increase necrosis risk. Advancements in dosimetric strategies, novel imaging modalities, artificial intelligence, and circulating biomarkers could improve the management of necrosis. This review provides new insights into the pathophysiology of necrosis and synthesizes our current understanding regarding the diagnosis, risk factors, and management options of necrosis while highlighting novel avenues for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sebastian F. Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Helen A. Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katherine B. Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John P. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Venzel R, Campos MCP, de Oliveira LP, Dan Lins RV, Siena ÁDD, Mesquita KT, Moreira Dos Santos TP, Nohata N, Arruda LCM, Sales-Campos H, Neto MPC. Clinical and molecular overview of immunotherapeutic approaches for malignant skin melanoma: Past, present and future. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:103988. [PMID: 37086955 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic approaches for malignant melanoma, have proved to be limited and/or ineffective, especially with respect to their role in improving patient survival and tumor recurrence. In this regard, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic alternative, boosting antitumor responses through the modulation of cell signaling pathways involved in the effector mechanisms of the immune system, particularly, the so-called "immunological checkpoints". Clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapeutic regimens, alone or in combination with other antitumor approaches, have increased dramatically in recent decades, with very encouraging results. Hence, this review will discuss the current immunotherapeutic regimens used to treat malignant melanoma, as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. In addition, current clinical studies that have investigated the use, efficacy, and adverse events of immunotherapy in melanoma will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelly Venzel
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tálita Pollyana Moreira Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Head & Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Oncology Science Unit, MSD K.K, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, GO, Brazil
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Dual Role of DUOX1-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030708. [PMID: 36978957 PMCID: PMC10044890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma. Although oxidative stress promotes tumor growth, once cells escape from the primary tumor, they are subjected to a more hostile environment, with higher levels of oxidative stress typically killing most cancer cells. As Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a major producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelia, we used allotransplantation and autochthonous melanoma models in zebrafish together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of DUOX1 expression of the skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to address the role of this enzyme in the aggressiveness of melanoma cells in vivo. It was found that high transcript levels of the gene encoding DUOX1 were associated with the poor prognosis of patients in the early-stage melanoma of TCGA cohort. However, DUOX1 transcript levels were not found to be associated to the prognosis of late-stage SKCM patients. In addition, the transcript level of DUOX1 in metastatic SKCM was lower than in primary SKCM. Using zebrafish primary melanoma and allotransplantation models, we interrogated the role of DUOX1 in vivo. Our results confirmed a dual role of DUOX1, which restrains melanoma proliferation but promotes metastasis. As this effect is only observed in immunocompromised individuals, the immune system appears to be able to counteract this elevated metastatic potential of DUOX1-deficient melanomas.
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Acral Melanoma Is Infiltrated with cDC1s and Functional Exhausted CD8 T Cells Similar to the Cutaneous Melanoma of Sun-Exposed Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054786. [PMID: 36902214 PMCID: PMC10003718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common melanoma in non-Caucasian populations, yet it remains largely understudied. As AM lacks the UV-radiation mutational signatures that characterize other cutaneous melanomas, it is considered devoid of immunogenicity and is rarely included in clinical trials assessing novel immunotherapeutic regimes aiming to recover the antitumor function of immune cells. We studied a Mexican cohort of melanoma patients from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) (n = 38) and found an overrepresentation of AM (73.9%). We developed a multiparametric immunofluorescence technique coupled with a machine learning image analysis to evaluate the presence of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells in the stroma of melanoma, two of the most relevant immune cell types for antitumor responses. We observed that both cell types infiltrate AM at similar and even higher levels than other cutaneous melanomas. Both melanoma types harbored programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1+) CD8 T cells and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1+) cDC1s. Despite this, CD8 T cells appeared to preserve their effector function and expanding capacity as they expressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and KI-67. The density of cDC1s and CD8 T cells significantly decreased in advanced stage III and IV melanomas, supporting these cells' capacity to control tumor progression. These data also argue that AM could respond to anti-PD-1-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Revisiting the Role of the CXCL13/CXCR5-Associated Immune Axis in Melanoma: Potential Implications for Anti-PD-1-Related Biomarker Research. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020553. [PMID: 36836910 PMCID: PMC9958642 DOI: 10.3390/life13020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL13 is a potent chemoattractant cytokine that promotes the migration of cells expressing its cognate receptor, CXCR5. Accordingly, T follicular helper cells and B cells migrate towards B cell follicles in lymph nodes, where the resulting spatial proximity promotes B cell/T cell interaction and antibody formation. Moreover, effector cells of the CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune axis express PD-1, with corresponding circulating cells occurring in the blood. The formation of so-called ectopic or tertiary lymphoid structures, recently detected in different cancer types, represents an integral part of this axis, particularly in the context of its emerging role in anti-tumor defense. These aspects of the CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune axis are highlighted in this review, which focuses on cutaneous malignant melanoma. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of this important immune axis as a possible ancillary target of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibodies in different therapeutic settings and as a potential source of predictive biomarkers regarding treatment efficacy.
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Lam BM, Verrill C. Clinical Significance of Tumour-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041164. [PMID: 36831506 PMCID: PMC9953777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although T lymphocytes have been considered the major players in the tumour microenvironment to induce tumour regression and contribute to anti-tumour immunity, much less is known about the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in solid malignancies, particularly in breast cancer, which has been regarded as heterogeneous and much less immunogenic compared to other common tumours like melanoma, colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Such paucity of research could translate to limited opportunities for this most common type of cancer in the UK to join the immunotherapy efforts in this era of precision medicine. Here, we provide a systematic literature review assessing the clinical significance of TIL-Bs in breast cancer. Articles published between January 2000 and April 2022 were retrieved via an electronic search of two databases (PubMed and Embase) and screened against pre-specified eligibility criteria. The majority of studies reported favourable prognostic and predictive roles of TIL-Bs, indicating that they could have a profound impact on the clinical outcome of breast cancer. Further studies are, however, needed to better define the functional role of B cell subpopulations and to discover ways to harness this intrinsic mechanism in the fight against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Lam
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Implications on Melanoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041074. [PMID: 36831417 PMCID: PMC9954626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neoplastic diseases. Their role in mediating drug resistance has been widely described in several types of cancers, including melanoma. EVs can mediate drug resistance through several different mechanisms, such as drug-sequestration, transfer of pro-survival proteins and RNA, induction of cancer stem cell-like features and interaction with cells of the tumor microenvironment and immune-system. Melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor originating from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Several therapeutic strategies currently used in the treatment of melanoma and the combination of BRAF and MEK-inhibitors, as well as immune check-point inhibitors (ICI), have consistently improved the overall survival time of melanoma patients. However, the development of resistance is one of the biggest problems leading to a poor clinical outcome, and EVs can contribute to this. EVs isolated from melanoma cells can contain "sequestered" chemotherapeutic drugs in order to eliminate them, or bioactive molecules (such as miRNA or proteins) that have been proven to play a crucial role in the transmission of resistance to sensitive neoplastic cells. This leads to the hypothesis that EVs could be considered as resistance-mediators in sensitive melanoma cells. These findings are a pivotal starting point for further investigations to better understand EVs' role in drug resistance mechanisms and how to target them. The purpose of this review is to summarize knowledge about EVs in order to develop a deeper understanding of their underlying mechanisms. This could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies able to bypass EV-mediated drug-resistance in melanoma, such as by the use of combination therapy, including EV release inhibitors.
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PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma-Potential Biological Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043114. [PMID: 36834531 PMCID: PMC9960262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the skin. PPARs regulate several processes in one of the most aggressive skin cancers, melanoma, including proliferation, cell cycle, metabolic homeostasis, cell death, and metastasis. In this review, we focused not only on the biological activity of PPAR isoforms in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis but also on potential biological interactions between the PPAR signaling and the kynurenine pathways. The kynurenine pathway is a major pathway of tryptophan metabolism leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production. Importantly, various tryptophan metabolites exert biological activity toward cancer cells, including melanoma. Previous studies confirmed the functional relationship between PPAR and the kynurenine pathway in skeletal muscles. Despite the fact this interaction has not been reported in melanoma to date, some bioinformatics data and biological activity of PPAR ligands and tryptophan metabolites may suggest a potential involvement of these metabolic and signaling pathways in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis. Importantly, the possible relationship between the PPAR signaling pathway and the kynurenine pathway may relate not only to the direct biological effect on melanoma cells but also to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system.
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Rocha BGS, Picoli CC, Gonçalves BOP, Silva WN, Costa AC, Moraes MM, Costa PAC, Santos GSP, Almeida MR, Silva LM, Singh Y, Falchetti M, Guardia GDA, Guimarães PPG, Russo RC, Resende RR, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Kanashiro A, Nakaya HI, Rocha EL, Galante PAF, Mintz A, Frenette PS, Birbrair A. Tissue-resident glial cells associate with tumoral vasculature and promote cancer progression. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:129-166. [PMID: 36183032 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are embedded within the tissue and interact dynamically with its components during cancer progression. Understanding the contribution of cellular components within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the success of therapeutic applications. Here, we reveal the presence of perivascular GFAP+/Plp1+ cells within the tumor microenvironment. Using in vivo inducible Cre/loxP mediated systems, we demonstrated that these cells derive from tissue-resident Schwann cells. Genetic ablation of endogenous Schwann cells slowed down tumor growth and angiogenesis. Schwann cell-specific depletion also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of tumor biopsies revealed that increased expression of Schwann cell-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. Collectively, our study suggests that Schwann cells regulate tumor progression, indicating that manipulation of Schwann cells may provide a valuable tool to improve cancer patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bryan O P Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison N Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro A C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milla R Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Youvika Singh
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro P G Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Edroaldo L Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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The Association of CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells and Granzyme B+ Lymphocytes with Immunosuppressive Factors, Tumor Stage and Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123209. [PMID: 36551965 PMCID: PMC9775436 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of suppressive cells producing a variety of immunomodulatory proteins, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although granzyme B (GrB) is known to convey the cytolytic activities of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, it is also expressed by other cells, such as regulatory T and B cells, for immunosuppressive purposes. The role of GrB+ lymphocytes in melanoma has not been examined extensively. In this study, benign, premalignant, and malignant melanocytic tumors were stained immunohistochemically for CD8 and GrB. PD-L1 was also stained from malignant samples that had accompanying clinicopathological data. The association of CD8+ and GrB+ lymphocytes with PD-L1 expression, tumor stage, prognosis, and previously analyzed immunosuppressive factors were evaluated. Our aim was to obtain a more comprehensive perception of the immunosuppressive TME in melanoma. The results show that both CD8+ and GrB+ lymphocytes were more abundant in pT4 compared to pT1 melanomas, and in lymph node metastases compared to primary melanomas. Surprisingly, a low GrB/CD8 ratio was associated with better recurrence-free survival in primary melanomas, which indicates that GrB+ lymphocytes might represent activated immunosuppressive lymphocytes rather than cytotoxic T cells. In the present study, CD8+ lymphocytes associated positively with both tumor and stromal immune cell PD-L1 and IDO expression. In addition, PD-L1+ tumor and stromal immune cells associated positively with IDO+ stromal immune and melanoma cells. The data suggest that IDO and PD-L1 seem to be key immunosuppressive factors in CD8+ lymphocyte-predominant tumors in CM.
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Mercurio AC, Maniar AB, Wei AZ, Carvajal RD. Targeting the IL-2 pathway for the treatment of mucosal melanoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2022.2134776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Mercurio
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, 10032, New York, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, 10595, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Ashray B. Maniar
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, 10032, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Z. Wei
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, 10032, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard D. Carvajal
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, 10032, New York, NY, USA
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Yan L, Yu Z, Wang H, Qu C, Wang Y, Yao H, Shi T, Li Y. Bioinformatics analysis identifies PSMB8 as a key gene in the cutaneous malignant melanoma tumor microenvironment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1354. [PMID: 36660621 PMCID: PMC9843331 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous tumors are commonly seen in clinical practice, and malignant melanoma (MM) is the leading cause of cutaneous tumor-induced death. The tumor microenvironment (TME), a critical part of tumorigenesis, has been a research hotspot in recent years. However, the effects of the MM microenvironment components remain elusive. This study aimed to analyze the various components in the TME of MM to identify factors affecting the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of MM and the survival of MM patients. We also aimed to identify biomarkers related to TME rehabilitation to provide a new direction for MM treatment. Methods We used bioinformatics to analyze the RNA-seq and somatic mutation data of 473 MM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Firstly, the patients' immunity and stroma were separately scored by the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) method. According to the median score, the participants were split into high- and low-score groups. Then, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed, showing that high-expression genes were highly abundant in biological and metabolic activities associated with the immune system. Results Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially mutated genes (DMGs) were identified and intersected to obtain the key immune-related genes PSMB8, FAM216B, DYSF, and FAM131C. PSMB8 was finally selected as the preferred immune-related prognostic marker; it was positively associated with overall survival and therefore considered a protective gene for MM patients. The GSEA analysis showed that PSMB8 with high expression had greater gene abundance in biological and metabolic processes related to immune system. In addition, CIBERSORT analysis showed an association between the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and PSMB8 expression. Conclusions Our results suggest that PSMB8 might be associated with tumorigenesis and MM progression and could serve as a biomarker for the TME rehabilitation of MM. Our findings provide a new perspective and direction for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China;,Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyu Yu
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huakang Wang
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caijie Qu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Han Yao
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongxin Shi
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
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Gajón JA, Juarez-Flores A, De León Rodríguez SG, Aguilar Flores C, Mantilla A, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Bonifaz LC. Immunotherapy Options for Acral Melanoma, A fast-growing but Neglected Malignancy. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:794-806. [PMID: 36460547 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. It is classified as cutaneous and non-cutaneous, with the former characterized by developing in sun-exposed areas of the skin, UV-light radiation being its most important risk factor and ordinarily affecting fair skin populations. In recent years, the incidence of melanoma has been increasing in populations with darker complexion, for example, Hispanics, in which acral melanoma is highly prevalent. The WHO estimates that the incidence and mortality of melanoma will increase by more than 60% by 2040, particularly in low/medium income countries. Acral melanoma appears in the palms, soles and nails, and because of these occult locations, it is often considered different from other cutaneous melanomas even though it also originates in the skin. Acral melanoma is very rare in Caucasian populations and is often not included from genetic analysis and clinical trials. In this review, we present the worldwide epidemiology of acral melanoma; we summarize its genetic characterization and point out important signaling pathways for targeted therapy. We also discuss how genetic analyses have shown that acral melanoma carries a sufficient mutational load and neoantigen formation to be targeted by the immune system, arguing for a potential benefit with novel immunotherapeutic strategies, alone or combined with targeted therapy. This is important because chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment in non-developed nations despite a disheartening response. In summary, the increased incidence and mortality of acral melanoma in low/medium income countries calls for increasing our knowledge about its nature and therapeutic options and leveling off the asymmetric research conducted primarily on Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Gajón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angel Juarez-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saraí G De León Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina Aguilar Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ezequiel M Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
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Morante M, Pandiella A, Crespo P, Herrero A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and RAS-ERK Pathway-Targeted Drugs as Combined Therapy for the Treatment of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1562. [PMID: 36358912 PMCID: PMC9687808 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor with very poor survival rates due to immune system escape-mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and the programmed death-1 (PD1) receptors, are being used to impede immune evasion. This immunotherapy entails an increment in the overall survival rates. However, melanoma cells respond with evasive molecular mechanisms. ERK cascade inhibitors are also used in metastatic melanoma treatment, with the RAF activity blockade being the main therapeutic approach for such purpose, and in combination with MEK inhibitors improves many parameters of clinical efficacy. Despite their efficacy in inhibiting ERK signaling, the rewiring of the melanoma cell-signaling results in disease relapse, constituting the reinstatement of ERK activation, which is a common cause of some resistance mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that the combination of RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors and ICI therapy present promising advantages for metastatic melanoma treatment. Here, we present a recompilation of the combined therapies clinically evaluated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Salamanca and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Risk of Presenting with Poor-Prognosis Metastatic Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194932. [PMID: 36230854 PMCID: PMC9562204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Having metastatic disease at diagnosis poses the great risk of death among AYAs with cancer from all sociodemographic subgroups. This “landscape” study utilized United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data from 2000−2016 to identify subgroups of AYAs at highest risk for presenting with metastases across twelve cancer sites having a poor-prognosis (5-year survival <50% with metastases). Adjusted odds ratios for risk of metastatic disease presentation were compared for AYAs in aggregate and by sociodemographic subgroup (race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status [SES]). In general, AYAs who were male, racial/ethnic minorities, or low SES were at consistently greatest risk of metastases. Strikingly, having metastatic melanoma was independently associated with multiple AYA sociodemographic subgroups, including males (aOR 3.11 [95% CI 2.64−3.66]), non-Hispanic Blacks (4.04 [2.32−7.04]), Asian Pacific Islanders (2.99 [1.75−5.12]), Hispanics (2.37 [1.85−3.04]), and low SES (2.30 [1.89−2.80]). Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to present with metastatic cancer in all sites, except for bone, rhabdomyosarcoma, and stomach. Low SES AYAs are more likely to present with metastatic melanoma, bone tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, breast, cervical, lung, and stomach carcinomas. Building on these results, future cancer-specific studies should investigate the connection between sociodemographic risk factors and biological drivers of metastases. This line of research has potential to inform targeted public health and screening efforts to facilitate risk reduction and earlier detection of these deadly diseases.
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Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Melanoma. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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