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Cerecedo-Iglesias C, Pretus JL, Hernández-Matías A, Cortés-Avizanda A, Real J. Key Factors behind the Dynamic Stability of Pairs of Egyptian Vultures in Continental Spain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2775. [PMID: 37685040 PMCID: PMC10486963 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation science aims to identify the factors influencing the distribution of threatened species, thereby permitting the implementation of effective management strategies. This is key for long-lived species that require long-term monitoring such as the worldwide endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus). We studied temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of breeding pairs and examined the intrinsic and anthropic factors that may be influencing the abundance of breeding territories in continental Spain. Based on the census data of breeding pairs from 2000, 2008, and 2018, we used Rank Occupancy-Abundance Profiles to assess the temporal stability of the population and identified the spatial heterogeneity through a Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation analysis. The GLMs showed that the abundance distribution was mainly influenced by the abundance of griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and cattle at a regional scale. Nonparametric comparisons showed that the presence of wind farms had a significant negative effect on local breeding pairs abundance, but that supplementary feeding stations and food resource-related variables had a positive impact. In light of these findings, we recommend a hierarchical approach in future conservation programs involving actions promoting regional-scale food resource availability and highlight the need to address the negative impact of wind farms at local levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catuxa Cerecedo-Iglesias
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat i (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.P.); (A.H.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Joan Lluís Pretus
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat i (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.P.); (A.H.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat i (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.P.); (A.H.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain;
- Estacion Biologica Doñana, CSIC, Avenida Americo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat i (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.P.); (A.H.-M.); (J.R.)
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Lucon-Xiccato T, Montalbano G, Bertolucci C. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity induces individual variability along a cognitive trade-off. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230350. [PMID: 37357854 PMCID: PMC10291716 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal species, including humans, display patterns of individual variability in cognition that are difficult to explain. For instance, some individuals perform well in certain cognitive tasks but show difficulties in others. We experimentally analysed the contribution of cognitive plasticity to such variability. Theory suggests that diametrically opposed cognitive phenotypes increase individuals' fitness in environments with different conditions such as resource predictability. Therefore, if selection has generated plasticity that matches individuals' cognitive phenotypes to the environment, this might produce remarkable cognitive variability. We found that guppies, Poecilia reticulata, exposed to an environment with high resource predictability (i.e. food available at the same time and in the same location) developed enhanced learning abilities. Conversely, guppies exposed to an environment with low resource predictability (i.e. food available at a random time and location) developed enhanced cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. These cognitive differences align along a trade-off between functions that favour the acquisition of regularities such as learning and functions that adjust behaviour to changing conditions (cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control). Therefore, adaptive cognitive plasticity in response to resource predictability (and potentially similar factors) is a key determinant of cognitive individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Montalbano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Cerecedo-Iglesias C, Bartumeus F, Cortés-Avizanda A, Pretus JL, Hernández-Matías A, Real J. Resource predictability modulates spatial-use networks in an endangered scavenger species. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 37081522 PMCID: PMC10120099 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in human-induced resource availability can alter the behaviour of free-living species and affect their foraging strategies. The future European Landfill Waste Directive and Circular Economy Action Plan will reduce the number of predictable anthropogenic food subsidies (PAFS), above all, by closing landfills to preclude negative effects on human health. Obligate avian scavengers, the most threatened group of birds worldwide, are the most likely group of species that will be forced to change their behaviour and use of space in response to landfill site closures. Here, we examine the possible consequences of these management decisions on the foraging patterns of Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in an expanding population in the Iberian Peninsula. METHODS We tracked 16 individuals in 2018-2021, including breeders and non-breeders, and, using a combination of spatial-use and spatial-network modelling, assessed landscape connectivity between key resources based on movement patterns. We then carried out simulations of future scenarios based on the loss of PAFS to predict likely changes in the movement patterns of both non-breeders and breeders. RESULTS Our results show that foraging strategies in non-breeders and breeders differ significantly: non-breeders performed more dispersal movements than breeding birds across a spatial-use network. Non-breeding and breeding networks were found to be vulnerable to the removal of central foraging areas containing landfill sites, a highly predictable resource, while perturbation analysis showed dissimilar foraging responses to the gradual reduction of other predictable resources. Under a context of the non-availability of landfills for breeders and non-breeders, vultures will increase their use of extensive livestock as a trophic resource. CONCLUSIONS Future environmental policies should thus extend the areas used by scavengers in which livestock carcasses are allowed to remain in the wild, a strategy that will also mitigate the lack of food caused by any reduction in available waste if landfills close. In general, our results emphasize the capabilities of a spatial network approaches to address questions on movement ecology. They can be used to infer the behavioural response of animal species and, also demonstrate the importance of applying such approaches to endangered species conservation within a context of changing humanized scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catuxa Cerecedo-Iglesias
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, Accés a la Cala Sant Francesc, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, CREAF, Campus Bellaterra, 17300 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Ll. Pretus
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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4
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Jain V, Bugnyar T, Cunningham SJ, Gallego-Abenza M, Loretto MC, Sumasgutner P. The spatial and temporal exploitation of anthropogenic food sources by common ravens (Corvus corax) in the Alps. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 36008849 PMCID: PMC9414151 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic food sources (AFSs) are widespread in human-transformed landscapes and the current scale at which they occur drives ecological change at the individual, population, and community levels. AFSs are exploited extensively by common ravens, Corvus corax. Understanding how raven populations use AFSs can provide insight into their ecological responses to AFSs. METHODS We equipped 81 ravens in the Austrian Alps with GPS-transmitters over a period of 2.75 years. Using these tracking data, we investigated how cohort differences (i.e., age, sex, and origin) and seasonal changes influence raven movement patterns (i.e., occurrence distribution and maximum daily displacement) and AFS-use (i.e., number of AFSs visited and probability of being present at any AFS) at 45 extensively exploited sites. RESULTS We found that proxies for experience and dominance, inferred by age (i.e., juvenile versus adult) and origin (i.e., wild-caught versus captive-bred-released) cohorts, influenced movement patterns and the number of AFSs visited. However, all individuals were equally likely to be present at AFSs, highlighting the importance of AFSs for non-breeders in the study population. Seasonal changes in environmental conditions that affect energetic demands, the availability of natural and anthropogenic food, and foraging competition, influenced individuals' occurrence distributions and AFS-use. We found that under harsher conditions in autumn and winter, individuals ranged wider and depended on AFSs to a larger degree. However, contrary to expectation, they were less likely to be present at AFSs in these seasons compared to spring and summer, suggesting a trade-off between time spent moving and exploiting resources. We attribute the small ranging movements exhibited by non-breeders in spring and summer to the presence of highly territorial and socially dominant breeders. As breeders mostly stay and forage within their territories during these seasons, competition at AFSs decrease, thereby increasing the likelihood of individuals being present at any AFS. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize that movement and AFS-use differ according to cohort differences and the seasonality of the environment. Our results highlight that predictable AFSs affect foraging strategies among non-breeding ravens. The extent of AFS-exploitation among non-breeding ravens in our study emphasize the potential of AFSs in shaping raven movement and resource-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varalika Jain
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, Private Bax X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
- Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, Konrad Lorenz Research Centre, University of Vienna, Fischerau 13, 4645, Grünau im Almtal, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bugnyar
- Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, Konrad Lorenz Research Centre, University of Vienna, Fischerau 13, 4645, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerasi Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, Private Bax X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mario Gallego-Abenza
- Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, Konrad Lorenz Research Centre, University of Vienna, Fischerau 13, 4645, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerasi Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias-Claudio Loretto
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Doktorberg 6, 83471, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - Petra Sumasgutner
- Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, Konrad Lorenz Research Centre, University of Vienna, Fischerau 13, 4645, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerasi Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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Environmental and social correlates, and energetic consequences of fitness maximisation on different migratory behaviours in a long-lived scavenger. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Large-Scale Quantification and Correlates of Ungulate Carrion Production in the Anthropocene. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Buechley ER, Murgatroyd M, Ruffo AD, Bishop RC, Christensen T, Marra PP, Sillett TS, Şekercioğlu ÇH. Declines in scavenging by endangered vultures in the Horn of Africa. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. Buechley
- HawkWatch International 2240 South 900 East Salt Lake City UT 84106 USA
| | - Megan Murgatroyd
- HawkWatch International 2240 South 900 East Salt Lake City UT 84106 USA
| | - Alazar Daka Ruffo
- Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Zoological Sciences Ethiopia
| | - Rebecca C. Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences University of Utah 257 S 1400 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Tara Christensen
- School of Biological Sciences University of Utah 257 S 1400 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Peter P. Marra
- Department of Biology and McCourt School of Public Policy Georgetown University 37th and O Streets NW Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - T. Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park, MRC 5503 Washington DC 20013‐7012
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Hill JE, Holland AE, Brohl LK, Kluever BM, Pfeiffer MB, DeVault TL, Belant JL. Diets of Black Vultures and Turkey Vultures in Coastal South Carolina, USA with a Review of Species' Dietary Information. SOUTHEAST NAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/058.021.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Hill
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802
| | - Amanda E. Holland
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Lisa K. Brohl
- Lake Erie Islands Conservancy, P.O. Box 461, Put-in-Bay, OH 43456
| | - Bryan M. Kluever
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, 2820 East University Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32641
| | - Morgan B. Pfeiffer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210
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Vignali S, Lörcher F, Hegglin D, Arlettaz R, Braunisch V. A predictive flight-altitude model for avoiding future conflicts between an emblematic raptor and wind energy development in the Swiss Alps. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211041. [PMID: 35154790 PMCID: PMC8826134 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deployment of wind energy is proposed as a mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, wind energy and large birds, notably soaring raptors, both depend on suitable wind conditions. Conflicts in airspace use may thus arise due to the risks of collisions of birds with the blades of wind turbines. Using locations of GPS-tagged bearded vultures, a rare scavenging raptor reintroduced into the Alps, we built a spatially explicit model to predict potential areas of conflict with future wind turbine deployments in the Swiss Alps. We modelled the probability of bearded vultures flying within or below the rotor-swept zone of wind turbines as a function of wind and environmental conditions, including food supply. Seventy-four per cent of the GPS positions were collected below 200 m above ground level, i.e. where collisions could occur if wind turbines were present. Flight activity at potential risk of collision is concentrated on south-exposed mountainsides, especially in areas where ibex carcasses have a high occurrence probability, with critical areas covering vast expanses throughout the Swiss Alps. Our model provides a spatially explicit decision tool that will guide authorities and energy companies for planning the deployment of wind farms in a proactive manner to reduce risk to emblematic Alpine wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vignali
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lörcher
- Stiftung Pro Bartgeier, Wuhrstrasse 12, 8003 Zurich, Switzerland
- SWILD, Wuhrstrasse 12, 8003 Zurich, Switzerland
- Vulture Conservation Foundation, Wuhrstrasse 12, 8003 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hegglin
- Stiftung Pro Bartgeier, Wuhrstrasse 12, 8003 Zurich, Switzerland
- SWILD, Wuhrstrasse 12, 8003 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Arlettaz
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Braunisch
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Wonnhaldestrasse 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
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Panter CT, Literák I, Raab R, Tolhurst BA, White RL. Age, landscape, and arrival date explain ranging behavior of wintering red kites in southwest Europe. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor T. Panter
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4GJ United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Literák
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Raab
- Technisches Büro für Biologie Mag. Dr. Rainer Raab Quadenstrasse 13, 2232 Deutsch‐Wagram Austria
| | - Bryony A. Tolhurst
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4GJ United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. White
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4GJ United Kingdom
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Panthi S, Pariyar S, Low M. Factors influencing the global distribution of the endangered Egyptian vulture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21901. [PMID: 34754032 PMCID: PMC8578560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vultures are ecologically important primarily because of their scavenging role in cleaning carcasses of the environment. Because of anthropogenic impacts, the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) has suffered catastrophic declines in parts of its range and, thus, information about its global distribution and factors influencing its occurrence within this range are essential for its conservation. To this end, we estimated the global distribution of Egyptian vulture and variables related to this distribution. We used occurrence points (n = 4740) from online data sources and literature, environmental variables related to these sites and Maximum Entropy software to model the distribution of this species and its relationship to environmental variables during the entire year, breeding and overwintering. Out of ~ 49 million km2 study area, the Egyptian vulture had a predicted range of 6,599,508 km2 distributed across three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. The densest distribution was in Southern Europe, India and Northern Africa and a sparser distribution was around Mid and Western Africa, the Middle East and Afghanistan. Climate was related to the vulture’s most probable range: in particular medium temperature seasonality and low precipitation during the coldest yearly quarter were important variables regardless of the season of observations examined. Conservation of identified habitats and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts to conserve these vultures are recommended for immediate and long-term conservation of the Egyptian vulture globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Panthi
- Ministry of Forest, Environment and Soil Conservation, Gandaki Province, Ratnachwok, Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Shiva Pariyar
- Ministry of Forest, Environment and Soil Conservation, Gandaki Province, Ratnachwok, Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Khwarahm NR, Ararat K, Qader S, Al-Quraishi AMF. Modelling Habitat Suitability for the Breeding Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Singh NJ, Ecke F, Katzner T, Bagchi S, Sandström P, Hörnfeldt B. Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Todd Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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14
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Xirouchakis SM, Grivas C, Andreou G, Georgopoulou E. Home range size, space use and resource selection of griffon vultures in an insular environment. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Xirouchakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences & Engineering University of Crete Crete Greece
| | - C. Grivas
- Biosfaira, Environmental Studies & Wildlife Services Athens Greece
| | - G. Andreou
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences & Engineering University of Crete Crete Greece
| | - E. Georgopoulou
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences & Engineering University of Crete Crete Greece
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15
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Morant J, Abad-Gómez JM, Álvarez T, Sánchez Á, Zuberogoitia I, López-López P. Winter movement patterns of a globally endangered avian scavenger in south-western Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17690. [PMID: 33077857 PMCID: PMC7572415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial migration, whereby some individuals migrate and some do not, is relatively common and widespread among animals. Switching between migration tactics (from migratory to resident or vice versa) occurs at individual and population levels. Here, we describe for the first time the movement ecology of the largest wintering population of Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in south-west Europe. We combined field surveys and GPS tracking data from December to February during four wintering seasons (2014–2018). The wintering population consisted on average of 85 individuals (range 58–121; 76% adults and 24% subadults). Individuals were counted at five different roosting sites located near farms, unauthorized carcass deposition sites and authorized carcass deposition sites. Our results show that vultures tend to remain close to the roosting site. Moreover, we observed that females exhibited smaller home range sizes than males, which suggests a possible differential use of food sources. Overall, birds relied more on farms than other available food resources, particularly subadult individuals which exploited more intensively these sites. Our results showed that Egyptian Vultures congregate in significant numbers at specific sites throughout the winter period in south-west Spain and that these roosting and feeding sites should be given some level of legal protection and regular monitoring. Furthermore, predictable food sources might be driving the apparent increase in the non-migratory population of Egyptian Vultures, as observed in other avian species which are also changing their migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Morant
- Department of Ornithology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Zorroagagaina 11, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - José María Abad-Gómez
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.,Servicio de Conservación de la Naturaleza y Áreas Protegidas, Junta de Extremadura, Av/ luis Ramallo s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Toribio Álvarez
- Servicio de Conservación de la Naturaleza y Áreas Protegidas, Junta de Extremadura, Av/ luis Ramallo s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Sánchez
- Servicio de Conservación de la Naturaleza y Áreas Protegidas, Junta de Extremadura, Av/ luis Ramallo s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zuberogoitia
- Department of Ornithology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Zorroagagaina 11, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Estudios Medioambientales Icarus S.L, C/San Vicente 8, 6 ª Planta, Dpto 8, Edificio Albia I, 48001, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pascual López-López
- Movement Ecology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Home range and habitat selection of captive-bred and rehabilitated cape vultures Gyps coprotheres in southern Africa. ORYX 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605319000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Following the continual decline of the Cape vulture Gyps coprotheres since the 1960s, captive breeding and rehabilitation programmes have been established to reinforce populations across southern Africa. This study examines the spatial ecology of captive-bred and rehabilitated vultures following release. Our analysis used 253,671 GPS fixes from 20 captive-bred and 13 rehabilitated birds to calculate home range sizes using kernel density estimation. We found that home range size did not differ significantly between captive-bred and rehabilitated birds. The location of home ranges differed: captive-bred birds showed greater site fidelity, remaining close to their release site, whereas rehabilitated birds dispersed more widely across the species' native range. By remaining close to their release site within a protected area, captive-bred birds had a significantly higher per cent of their GPS fixes within protected areas than did rehabilitated birds. Despite fidelity to their release site, captive-bred birds demonstrated innate capabilities for natural foraging behaviours and the same habitat selection strategy as rehabilitated individuals. These findings suggest that captive breeding and reinforcement of populations at declining colonies could provide localized benefits. Future long-term studies should seek to analyse survivorship and identify the breeding behaviour of these captive-bred birds once they reach sexual maturity.
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17
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Stamper T, Pharr L, Anderson GS, Gondor C, Dedmon A, Kimsey R. First observation of burnt vertebrate carrion scavenging by black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonia (Sabine)) highlights the need to evaluate all possible scavengers at a site. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1756117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Stamper
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lauren Pharr
- Pharr Forensic Consulting, LLC, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gail S. Anderson
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Carleen Gondor
- Wildlife Field Forensics Law Enforcement Training, Ovando, MT, USA
| | - Alex Dedmon
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert Kimsey
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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18
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Partial migration in a subtropical wading bird in the southeastern United States. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16331. [PMID: 30397216 PMCID: PMC6218489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife-vehicle collisions introduce a considerable amount of carrion into the environment, but scavenger use of this resource has not been extensively investigated. Scavengers may use roads for reliable foraging opportunities, but might also use roads for other purposes and encounter carrion opportunistically. We examined scavenging of carrion along linear features by placing 52 rabbit carcasses in each of three treatments in forested habitat during winter (Dec 2016-Mar 2017) in South Carolina, USA: roads, power line clearings (linear feature with fewer carcasses than roads due to lack of road kill), and forest interior. We used motion-activated cameras to compare arrival times and presence of vertebrate scavengers among treatments. There was no difference in proportion of carcasses scavenged or scavenger arrival time across treatments. No species arrived at roads quicker than other treatments. Turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) and coyotes (Canis latrans) scavenged equally across treatments, whereas gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) scavenged along roads and power lines, but not in forests. We suggest that scavenger use of carrion near roads at this location during winter relates to factors other than carrion availability. Because some scavengers readily consumed carrion on roads, this resource has the potential to influence the ecology of these species.
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20
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van Overveld T, García-Alfonso M, Dingemanse NJ, Bouten W, Gangoso L, de la Riva M, Serrano D, Donázar JA. Food predictability and social status drive individual resource specializations in a territorial vulture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15155. [PMID: 30310140 PMCID: PMC6181911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing work detailing the presence of foraging specializations across a range of taxa, limited attention so far has been given to the role of spatiotemporal variation in food predictability in shaping individual resource selection. Here, we studied the exploitation of human-provided carrion resources differing in predictability by Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis). We focussed specifically on the role of individual characteristics and spatial constraints in shaping patterns of resource use. Using high-resolution GPS data obtained from 45 vultures tracked for 1 year, we show that individual vultures were repeatable in both their monthly use of predictable and semi-predicable resources (feeding station vs. farms) and monthly levels of mobility (home range size and flight activity). However, individual foraging activities were simultaneously characterized by a high degree of (temporal) plasticity in the use of the feeding station in specific months. Individual rank within dominance hierarchy revealed sex-dependent effects of social status on resource preference in breeding adults, illustrating the potential complex social mechanisms underpinning status-dependent resource use patterns. Our results show that predictable food at feeding stations may lead to broad-scale patterns of resource partitioning and affect both the foraging and social dynamics within local vulture populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van Overveld
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina García-Alfonso
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Willem Bouten
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Gangoso
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Theoretical and Computational Ecology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel de la Riva
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Serrano
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
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21
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Donázar JA, Ceballos O, Cortés-Avizanda A. Tourism in protected areas: Disentangling road and traffic effects on intra-guild scavenging processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:600-608. [PMID: 29494969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of road networks and the increase in traffic have emerged in recent years as key threats to the conservation of biodiversity. This is particularly concerning in many protected areas because the increase of recreational activities requiring the use of vehicles. Effects of roads and traffic within guild scenarios and ecological processes remain however poorly known. Here we examined how road proximity and traffic intensity influence patterns of resource use in an Old-World avian scavenger guild living in a protected natural park in northern Spain. We experimentally placed 130 carcasses at different distances from a scenic road in the centre of the park. Vehicles were recorded by means of traffic counters which revealed that maximum numbers were reached during weekends and holidays and during the middle hours of the day. Avian scavenger attendance at carcasses was recorded by means of camera-traps. Obligated scavengers, Eurasian griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) were frequently observed (59.4% and 37.7% of the consumed carcasses) together with five other facultative scavenger species. We found that the richness (number of species) and the probability of consumption of the resource were reduced the smaller the distance to the road and in days with higher traffic intensity. The same factors affected the probability of presence of all the scavenger species. Moreover, some of them, notably griffon vultures, showed hourly patterns of carcass attendance suggesting avoidance of maximum traffic levels. Our results highlight that roads and traffic would trigger consequences on the structure and functioning of scavenger food webs, which may be particularly concerning in protected areas with remarkable levels of biodiversity. Future regulations at protected areas should couple both traffic and tourist affluence with wildlife conservation. In this way important ecological processes would be preserved while maintaining a good dissemination of natural values.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Animal Ecology and Demography Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miguel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain.
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22
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Brown LM, Hall RJ. Consequences of resource supplementation for disease risk in a partially migratory population. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170095. [PMID: 29531150 PMCID: PMC5883001 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape features such as urban parks and gardens, landfills and farmlands can provide novel, seasonally reliable food sources that impact wildlife ecology and distributions. In historically migratory species, food subsidies can cause individuals to forgo migration and form partially migratory or entirely sedentary populations, eroding a crucial benefit of migration: pathogen avoidance through seasonal abandonment of transmission sites and mortality of infected individuals during migration. Since many migratory taxa are declining, and wildlife populations in urban areas can harbour zoonotic pathogens, understanding the mechanisms by which anthropogenic resource subsidies influence infection dynamics and the persistence of migration is important for wildlife conservation and public health. We developed a mathematical model for a partially migratory population and a vector-borne pathogen transmitted at a shared breeding ground, where food subsidies increase the nonbreeding survival of residents. We found that higher resident nonbreeding survival increased infection prevalence in residents and migrants, and lowered the fraction of the population that migrated. The persistence of migration may be especially threatened if residency permits emergence of more virulent pathogens, if resource subsidies reduce costs of infection for residents, and if infection reduces individual migratory propensity.This article is part of the theme issue 'Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host-parasite dynamics in wildlife'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leone M Brown
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard J Hall
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
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23
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Tauler-Ametller H, Hernández-Matías A, Parés F, Pretus JL, Real J. Assessing the applicability of stable isotope analysis to determine the contribution of landfills to vultures' diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196044. [PMID: 29718940 PMCID: PMC5931503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities cause changes to occur in the environment that affect resource availability for wildlife. The increase in the human population of cities has led to a rise in the amount of waste deposited in landfills, installations that have become a new food resource for both pest and threatened species such as vultures. In this study we used stable isotope analysis (SIA) and conventional identification of food remains from Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) to assess the applicability of SIA as a new tool for determining the composition of the diets of vultures, a group of avian scavengers that is threatened worldwide. We focused on an expanding Egyptian Vulture population in NE Iberian Peninsula to determine the part played by landfills and livestock in the diet of these species, and aimed to reduce the biases associated with conventional ways of identifying food remains. We compared proportions of diet composition obtained with isotope mixing models and conventional analysis for five main prey. The greatest agreement between the two methods was in the categories ‘landfills’ and ‘birds’ and the greatest differences between the results from the two methods were in the categories ‘livestock’, ‘carnivores’ and ‘wild herbivores’. Despite uncertainty associated to SIA, our results showed that stable isotope analysis can help to distinguish between animals that rely on waste and so present enriched levels of δ 13C than those that feed on the countryside. Indeed, a high proportion of food derived from landfills (nearly 50%) was detected in some breeding pairs. Furthermore we performed GLMM analyses that showed that high values of δ 13C in Egyptian Vulture feathers (a proxy of feeding in landfills) are related with high levels of humanization of territories. This method has the potential to be applied to other threatened vulture species for which there is a lack of information regarding resources they are consuming, being especially important as the main causes of vultures decline worldwide are related to the consumption and availability of food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tauler-Ametller
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francesc Parés
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan Ll. Pretus
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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24
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Martínez-Hesterkamp S, Rebollo S, Kennedy PL, Pérez-Camacho L, García-Salgado G, Morales-Castilla I. Territoriality in diurnal raptors: relative roles of recent evolution, diet and nest site. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Hesterkamp
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University Campus, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Rebollo
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University Campus, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia L Kennedy
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture & Natural Resource Program & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Union Experiment Station, Union, OR, USA
| | - Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University Campus, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Salgado
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University Campus, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morales-Castilla
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University Campus, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Boggie MA, Carleton SA, Collins DP, Vradenburg J, Sroka CJ. Using stable isotopes to estimate reliance on agricultural food subsidies and migration timing for a migratory bird. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Boggie
- Department of Biology; New Mexico State University; Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Scott A. Carleton
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Migratory Bird Office, Region 2; Albuquerque New Mexico 87103 USA
| | - Daniel P. Collins
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Migratory Bird Office, Region 2; Albuquerque New Mexico 87103 USA
| | - John Vradenburg
- Kalamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex; Tulelake California 96134 USA
| | - Christopher J. Sroka
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, & International Business; College of Business; New Mexico State University; Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
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26
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Alarcón PAE, Lambertucci SA. A three-decade review of telemetry studies on vultures and condors. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 30202527 PMCID: PMC6122777 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-018-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telemetry-based movement research has become central for learning about the behavior, ecology and conservation of wide-ranging species. Particularly, early telemetry studies were conducted on vultures and condors due to three main reasons: i) these birds capture the curiosity of humans, ii) their large body size allows researchers to deploy large telemetry units, and iii) they are of high conservation concern. This has resulted in a great number of scientific articles that remain scattered throughout the literature. To achieve a more cohesive view of vultures and condors movement behavior, we review all telemetry studies published up to 2017. We first present a descriptive summary of the technical and design characteristics of these studies (e.g. target species, tagging location, number of individuals tagged) and go on to discuss them under a common conceptual framework; the Movement Ecology Paradigm. The articles found (N = 97) were mainly published in the last decade and based on the tagging of individuals from 14 species (61% of the extant species) and 24 countries. Foraging was the most in-depth investigated movement phase (25 studies), with studies covering several species, using both phenomenological and mechanistic approaches and tackling the role of different drivers of movement. In contrast, commuting and natal dispersal phases were only superficially investigated (3 and 8 studies, respectively). Finally, studies dealing with the conservation and management also comprised a large portion of the reviewed articles (24 studies). Telemetry studies have revealed relevant details of vultures and condors movements, with highly accurate measurements of flight energetics and a better understanding of the morphological, physiological and context-dependent drivers that underlie the movement decisions of these birds. However, we also detected several information gaps. We expect this review helps researchers to focus their efforts and funds where more information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. E. Alarcón
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), Bariloche, Argentina
- Grupo de Ecología Cuantitativa, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Sergio A. Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), Bariloche, Argentina
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27
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Ferrer M, Morandini V, Baguena G, Newton I. Reintroducing endangered raptors: A case study of supplementary feeding and removal of nestlings from wild populations. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ferrer
- Applied Ecology Group; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Seville Spain
| | - Virginia Morandini
- Applied Ecology Group; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Seville Spain
| | - Gerardo Baguena
- Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ian Newton
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Wallingford UK
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28
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Vasilakis DP, Whitfield DP, Kati V. A balanced solution to the cumulative threat of industrialized wind farm development on cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in south-eastern Europe. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172685. [PMID: 28231316 PMCID: PMC5322877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wind farm development can combat climate change but may also threaten bird populations’ persistence through collision with wind turbine blades if such development is improperly planned strategically and cumulatively. Such improper planning may often occur. Numerous wind farms are planned in a region hosting the only cinereous vulture population in south-eastern Europe. We combined range use modelling and a Collision Risk Model (CRM) to predict the cumulative collision mortality for cinereous vulture under all operating and proposed wind farms. Four different vulture avoidance rates were considered in the CRM. Cumulative collision mortality was expected to be eight to ten times greater in the future (proposed and operating wind farms) than currently (operating wind farms), equivalent to 44% of the current population (103 individuals) if all proposals are authorized (2744 MW). Even under the most optimistic scenario whereby authorized proposals will not collectively exceed the national target for wind harnessing in the study area (960 MW), cumulative collision mortality would still be high (17% of current population) and likely lead to population extinction. Under any wind farm proposal scenario, over 92% of expected deaths would occur in the core area of the population, further implying inadequate spatial planning and implementation of relevant European legislation with scant regard for governmental obligations to protect key species. On the basis of a sensitivity map we derive a spatially explicit solution that could meet the national target of wind harnessing with a minimum conservation cost of less than 1% population loss providing that the population mortality (5.2%) caused by the operating wind farms in the core area would be totally mitigated. Under other scenarios, the vulture population would probably be at serious risk of extinction. Our ‘win-win’ approach is appropriate to other potential conflicts where wind farms may cumulatively threaten wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris P. Vasilakis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Aitoloakarnania, Greece
- Hellenic Republic, Decentralized Administration of Macedonia-Thrace, Directorate of Evros Region Forestry Service, Alexadroupolis, Evros, Greece
- * E-mail: (VK); (DPV)
| | - D. Philip Whitfield
- Natural Research Ltd, Brathens Business Park, Banchory, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vassiliki Kati
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Aitoloakarnania, Greece
- * E-mail: (VK); (DPV)
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29
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Bosch J, Calvo JF, Bermejo A, Puente JDL. Factors influencing the movements during the breeding season of a female booted eagle (Aquila pennata) tagged by satellite in central Catalonia (Spain). SLOVAK RAPTOR JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/srj-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Foraging movements during the breeding season are a poorly studied aspect of booted eagle behaviour. We have investigated the relationship between weather and other abiotic factors and foraging behaviour, and also resource use by a female booted eagle, tagged by satellite-GPS transmitter in central Catalonia, during summer 2012 and spring 2013. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) revealed that the distance travelled from the nest was significantly related to temperature, but also to the time of day and the age of chicks. Temperature also had a significant positive influence on flight altitude and the latter on flight speed. The Resource Utilization Function (RUF) showed significant resource use in locations close to water (rivers and water bodies) and also in agricultural areas, preferably close to urban areas and rivers. On the other hand, unlike in other areas of Spain, the use of the edges between forest and agricultural areas and forest areas themselves showed negative coefficients with values not significant, perhaps related to changes in prey availability in the traditional hunting grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bosch
- Cra. de Navarcles, 43, E-08251 Santpedor (Barcelona), Spain
| | - José Francisco Calvo
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Bermejo
- SEO/BirdLife, Área de Estudio y Seguimiento de Aves, C/. Melquíades Biencinto, 34, E- 28053 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier de la Puente
- SEO/BirdLife, Área de Estudio y Seguimiento de Aves, C/. Melquíades Biencinto, 34, E- 28053 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Morales-Reyes Z, Pérez-García JM, Moleón M, Botella F, Carrete M, Donázar JA, Cortés-Avizanda A, Arrondo E, Moreno-Opo R, Jiménez J, Margalida A, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Evaluation of the network of protection areas for the feeding of scavengers in Spain: from biodiversity conservation to greenhouse gas emission savings. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Juan M. Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Pablo de Olavide University; Ctra. de Utrera, km 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - José A. Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
- Infraestruturas de Portugal Biodiversity-Chair; CIBIO-InBIO Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7; 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBio; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Eneko Arrondo
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Rubén Moreno-Opo
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; C/José Antonio Novais, 2 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Jiménez
- Institute of Research in Game Resources; CSIC; Ronda de Toledo 12 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain
- Division of Conservation Biology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 6 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - José A. Sánchez-Zapata
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
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31
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Kranstauber B, Smolla M, Safi K. Similarity in spatial utilization distributions measured by the earth mover's distance. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zurich CH‐8057 Switzerland
- Department for Migration and Immunoecology Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Am Obstberg 1 Radolfzell 78315 Germany
- Department for Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz 78464 Germany
| | - Marco Smolla
- Department for Migration and Immunoecology Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Am Obstberg 1 Radolfzell 78315 Germany
- Department for Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz 78464 Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Dover Street Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Kamran Safi
- Department for Migration and Immunoecology Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Am Obstberg 1 Radolfzell 78315 Germany
- Department for Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz 78464 Germany
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32
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MacNearney D, Pigeon K, Stenhouse G, Nijland W, Coops NC, Finnegan L. Heading for the hills? Evaluating spatial distribution of woodland caribou in response to a growing anthropogenic disturbance footprint. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6484-6509. [PMID: 27777724 PMCID: PMC5058522 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape change (i.e., disturbance) is recognized as an important factor in the decline and extirpation of wildlife populations. Understanding and monitoring the relationship between wildlife distribution and disturbance is necessary for effective conservation planning. Many studies consider disturbance as a covariate explaining wildlife behavior. However, we propose that there are several advantages to considering the spatial relationship between disturbance and wildlife directly using utilization distributions (UDs), including objective assessment of the spatially explicit overlap between wildlife and disturbance, and the ability to track trends in this relationship over time. Here, we examined how central mountain woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) distribution changed over time in relation to (i) anthropogenic disturbance, baseline range (defined using telemetry data from 1998 to 2005), and alpine habitat; and (ii) interannual climate variation (North Pacific Index; NPI). We developed seasonal UDs for caribou in west‐central Alberta and east‐central British Columbia, Canada, monitored with GPS collars between 1998 and 2013. We mapped the cumulative annual density of disturbance features within caribou range and used indices of overlap to determine the spatial relationship and trend between caribou UDs, anthropogenic disturbance, baseline range, alpine habitat, and the NPI. Anthropogenic disturbance increased over time, but the overlap between caribou UDs and disturbance did not. Caribou use of alpine habitat during spring, fall, and late winter increased over time, concurrent with a decrease in use of baseline range. Overlap between caribou UDs and disturbance increased during spring and fall following relatively cold, snowy winters (high NPI), but overall, climate did not explain changes in caribou distribution over time. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that caribou populations adjust their spatial distribution in relation to anthropogenic landscape change. Our findings could have implications for population persistence if distributional shifts result in greater use of alpine habitat during winter. Monitoring long‐term changes in the distribution of populations is a valuable component of conservation planning for species at risk in disturbed landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Pigeon
- fRI Research Caribou Program Hinton Alberta Canada; fRI Research Grizzly Bear Program Hinton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Wiebe Nijland
- Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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33
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Brown MB, Schlacher TA, Schoeman DS, Weston MA, Huijbers CM, Olds AD, Connolly RM. Invasive carnivores alter ecological function and enhance complementarity in scavenger assemblages on ocean beaches. Ecology 2015; 96:2715-25. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Björklund H, Valkama J, Tomppo E, Laaksonen T. Habitat Effects on the Breeding Performance of Three Forest-Dwelling Hawks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137877. [PMID: 26422684 PMCID: PMC4589344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss causes population declines, but the mechanisms are rarely known. In the European Boreal Zone, loss of old forest due to intensive forestry is suspected to cause declines in forest-dwelling raptors by reducing their breeding performance. We studied the boreal breeding habitat and habitat-associated breeding performance of the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus). We combined long-term Finnish bird-of-prey data with multi-source national forest inventory data at various distances (100–4000 m) around the hawk nests. We found that breeding success of the goshawk was best explained by the habitat within a 2000-m radius around the nests; breeding was more successful with increasing proportions of old spruce forest and water, and decreasing proportions of young thinning forest. None of the habitat variables affected significantly the breeding success of the common buzzard or the honey buzzard, or the brood size of any of the species. The amount of old spruce forest decreased both around goshawk and common buzzard nests and throughout southern Finland in 1992–2010. In contrast, the area of young forest increased in southern Finland but not around hawk nests. We emphasize the importance of studying habitats at several spatial and temporal scales to determine the relevant species-specific scale and to detect environmental changes. Further effort is needed to reconcile the socioeconomic and ecological functions of forests and habitat requirements of old forest specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Björklund
- The Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jari Valkama
- The Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Tomppo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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35
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Alarcón PA, Lambertucci SA, Donázar JA, Hiraldo F, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Blanco G, Morales JM. Movement decisions in natural catastrophes: how a flying scavenger deals with a volcanic eruption. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Sanz-Aguilar A, De Pablo F, Donázar JA. Age-dependent survival of island vs. mainland populations of two avian scavengers: delving into migration costs. Oecologia 2015; 179:405-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Cozzi G, Börger L, Hutter P, Abegg D, Beran C, McNutt JW, Ozgul A. Effects of trophy hunting leftovers on the ranging behaviour of large carnivores: a case study on spotted hyenas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121471. [PMID: 25793976 PMCID: PMC4368814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-related food resources such as garbage dumps and feeding sites have been shown to significantly influence space use, breeding success and population dynamics in a variety of animal species. In contrast, relatively little is known on the effects of unpredictable sources of food, such as carcasses discarded by hunters, on carnivore species. We evaluated the effect of elephant carcasses, mainly deriving from trophy hunting, on the ranging and feeding behavior of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Using data from hyenas monitored before and during carcass availability via GPS radio-collars and camera traps, we investigated changes in ranging and feeding behavior over time. Carcass availability influenced hyenas' ranging behavior for an average of 10-12 days, after which their movements returned to patterns observed before carcass availability. In particular, we observed an increased spatial clustering of locations and reduced speeds (up to 15% less) between successive locations with carcass availability. Consistent feeding at carcasses during the first two weeks was typical, and some individuals fed from elephant carcasses for as long as 50 days. The impact and conservation value of hunting are often assessed based solely on the effects on the hunted species. Our results show that hunting remains can influence other species and suggest that such extra food could have important effects on critical life history processes and ultimately population dynamics. We recommend conservationists and wildlife managers evaluate management strategies and hunting practices regarding carcass disposal in order to incorporate the potential collateral impacts of hunting on non-hunted species in the same community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cozzi
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Population Ecology Research Group, Zurich University, Zürich, Switzerland
- Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Hutter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Population Ecology Research Group, Zurich University, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Abegg
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Population Ecology Research Group, Zurich University, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Beran
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Population Ecology Research Group, Zurich University, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Arpat Ozgul
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Population Ecology Research Group, Zurich University, Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Seasonal differences in migration patterns of a soaring bird in relation to environmental conditions: a multi-scale approach. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Zuberogoitia I, Zabala J, Martínez JE, González-Oreja JA, López-López P. Effective conservation measures to mitigate the impact of human disturbances on the endangered Egyptian vulture. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Zabala
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU; Leioa Bizkaia Spain
| | - J. E. Martínez
- Bonelli's Eagle Study and Conservation Group; Murcia Spain
| | | | - P. López-López
- Vertebrates Zoology Research Group; CIBIO Research Institute; University of Alicante; Alicante Spain
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