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Talukdar P, Baruah A, Bhuyan SJ, Boruah S, Borah P, Bora C, Basumatary B. Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm.: a suitable plant species for remediation of crude oil and mercury-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31843-31861. [PMID: 38639901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. in the degradation of crude oil and reduction of mercury (Hg) from the contaminated soil in pot experiments in the net house for 180 days. C. speciosus was transplanted in soil containing 19150 mg kg-1 crude oil and 3.2 mg kg-1 Hg. The study includes the evaluation of plant biomass, height, root length, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation, and Hg reduction in soil, TPH, and Hg accumulation in plants grown in fertilized and unfertilized pots, chlorophyll production, and rhizospheric most probable number (MPN) at 60-day interval. The average biomass production and heights of C. speciosus in contaminated treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the unvegetated control. Plants grown in contaminated soil showed relatively reduced root surface area compared to the uncontaminated treatments. TPH degradation in planted fertilized, unplanted, and planted unfertilized pot was 63%, 0.8%, and 38%, respectively. However, compared to unvegetated treatments, TPH degradation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vegetated treatments. A comparison of fertilized and unfertilized soils showed that TPH accumulation in plant roots and shoots was relatively higher in fertilized soils. Hg degradation in soil was significantly (p < 0.05) more in planted treatment compared to unplanted treatments. The fertilized soil showed relatively more Hg degradation in soil and its accumulation in roots and shoots of plants in comparison to unfertilized soil. MPN in treatments with plants was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than without plants. The plant's ability to produce biomass, chlorophyll, break down crude oil, reduce Hg levels in soil, and accumulate TPH and Hg in roots and shoots of the plant all point to the possibility of using this plant to remove TPH and Hg from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parismita Talukdar
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Aryan Baruah
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Sameer Jyoti Bhuyan
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Swati Boruah
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Pujashree Borah
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Chittaranjan Bora
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Budhadev Basumatary
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Khelmati, 787031, Lakhimpur, Assam, India.
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Nemati B, Baneshi MM, Akbari H, Dehghani R, Mostafaii G. Phytoremediation of pollutants in oil-contaminated soils by Alhagi camelorum: evaluation and modeling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5502. [PMID: 38448471 PMCID: PMC10918112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method, offering a suitable alternative to chemical and physical approaches for the removal of pollutants from soil. This research explored the phytoremediation potential of Alhagi camelorum, a plant species, for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and heavy metals (HMs), specifically lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd), in oil-contaminated soil. A field-scale study spanning six months was conducted, involving the cultivation of A. camelorum seeds in a nursery and subsequent transplantation of seedlings onto prepared soil plots. Control plots, devoid of any plants, were also incorporated for comparison. Soil samples were analyzed throughout the study period using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‒OES) for HMs and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) for TPHs. The results showed that after six months, the average removal percentage was 53.6 ± 2.8% for TPHs and varying percentages observed for the HMs (Pb: 50 ± 2.1%, Cr: 47.6 ± 2.5%, Ni: 48.1 ± 1.6%, and Cd: 45.4 ± 3.5%). The upward trajectory in the population of heterotrophic bacteria and the level of microbial respiration, in contrast to the control plots, suggests that the presence of the plant plays a significant role in promoting soil microbial growth (P < 0.05). Moreover, kinetic rate models were examined to assess the rate of pollutant removal. The coefficient of determination consistently aligned with the first-order kinetic rate model for all the mentioned pollutants (R2 > 0.8). These results collectively suggest that phytoremediation employing A. camelorum can effectively reduce pollutants in oil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahador Nemati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rouhullah Dehghani
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, and Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mostafaii
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Wang S, Zhao X, Li J, Dai Y, Cheng X, Jiang L, Luo C, Zhang G. A novel mechanism of enhanced PCBs degradation associated with nitrogen in the rhizosphere of the wetland plant Myriophyllum aquaticum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132466. [PMID: 37716270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and nitrogen (N) is widespread. Here, N removal and PCBs degradation were investigated in constructed wetlands populated with Myriophyllum aquaticum, and the role of N in PCBs degradation was explored as well. Nearly 97% of N was removed in the planted system, whereas less than 40% was removed in the plant-free system. Compared to the treatment with plants and no N amendment, N addition enhanced plant growth by 31.9% and PCBs removal by 9.90%. PCBs attenuation was mainly attributed to microbial degradation rather than plant uptake. Using DNA stable-isotope probing, 26 operational taxonomic units were identified across all treatments, of which 25 were linked to PCBs degradation for the first time. Some PCB-degraders were associated with nitrification/denitrification and were significantly enriched in the treatment that included both plants and N application, indicating that PCBs degradation was promoted by recruiting ammonia-oxidising and denitrifying microbes with PCBs metabolic ability. This was confirmed by the higher A13/A12 ratios for the bphC, amoA, and nirK genes and their significant positive correlations. Overall, the findings clarify the novel mechanism by which N promotes PCBs degradation in constructed wetlands and offers a theoretical basis for efficiently removing inorganic elements and persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technology University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yeliang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xianghui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Yuan L, Wu Y, Fan Q, Li P, Liang J, Liu Y, Ma R, Li R, Shi L. Remediating petroleum hydrocarbons in highly saline-alkali soils using three native plant species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117928. [PMID: 37060692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contamination is a process that uses the synergistic action of plants and rhizosphere microorganisms to degrade, absorb and stabilize pollutants in the soil, and has received increasing attention in recent years. However, this technology still has some challenges under certain conditions (e.g., highly alkaline and saline environments). The present study was selected three native plant species (alfalfa, tall fescue, and ryegrass) to remediate petroleum pollutants in greenhouse pot experiments. The results indicate that TPH contamination not only inhibited plant growth, soil chemical properties and soil fertility (i.e. lower plant biomass, chlorophyll, pH, and electrical conductivity), but also increased the malondialdehyde, glutathione, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and polyphenol oxidase). Further, correlation analysis results illustrated that TPH removal was strongly positively correlated with chlorophyll, soil fertility, and total organic carbon, but was negatively correlated with dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, pH, and electrical conductivity. The highest TPHs removal rate (74.13%) was exhibited by alfalfa, followed by tall fescue (61.79%) and ryegrass (57.28%). The degradation rates of short-chain alkanes and low rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were substantially higher than those of long-chain alkanes and high rings PAHs. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into petroleum decontamination strategies in the highly saline - alkali environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Yuan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingqin Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leiping Shi
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Panchenko L, Muratova A, Dubrovskaya E, Golubev S, Turkovskaya O. Natural and Technical Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010177. [PMID: 36676126 PMCID: PMC9861927 DOI: 10.3390/life13010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural and technical phytoremediation approaches were compared for their efficacy in decontaminating oil-polluted soil. We examined 20 oil-contaminated sites of 800 to 12,000 m2 each, with different contamination types (fresh or aged) and levels (4.2-27.4 g/kg). The study was conducted on a field scale in the industrial and adjacent areas of a petroleum refinery. Technical remediation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), nitrogen fertilizer, and soil agrotechnical treatment was used to clean up 10 sites contaminated by oil hydrocarbons (average concentration, 13.7 g/kg). In technical phytoremediation, the per-year decontamination of soil was as high as 72-90%, whereas in natural phytoremediation (natural attenuation with native vegetation) at 10 other oil-contaminated sites, per-year decontamination was as high as that only after 5 years. Rhizodegradation is supposed as the principal mechanisms of both phytoremediation approaches.
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Morales-Guzmán G, Ferrera-Cerrato R, Rivera-Cruz MDC, Torres-Bustillos LG, Mendoza-López MR, Esquivel-Cote R, Alarcón A. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with weathered petroleum hydrocarbons by applying mineral fertilization, an anionic surfactant, or hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:329-338. [PMID: 35704711 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2083577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the application of mineral fertilization (F), the anionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100), or the inoculation with a hydrocarbooclastic bacterial consortium (BCons) on the growth of Clitoria ternatea during the phytoremediation of a Gleysol contaminated with weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (39,000 mg kg-1 WPH) collected from La Venta, Tabasco (Mexico). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications each under greenhouse conditions. The application of F (biostimulation) increased plant growth and biomass production; in contrast, TX100 only favored root biomass (11%) but significantly favored WPH degradation. Bioaugmentation with BCons did not show significant effects on plant growth. Nevertheless, the combination of biostimulation with bioaugmentation (BCons + F, BCons + TX100, and BCons + F+TX100) enhanced plant growth, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria population, and WPH degradation when compared to treatments with the single application of bioaugmentation (BCons) or biostimulation (F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Morales-Guzmán
- Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato
- Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Rivera-Cruz
- Posgrado en Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico, Colegio de Postgraduados, Periférico Carlos A, Cárdenas, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Luis Gilberto Torres-Bustillos
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ma Remedios Mendoza-López
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica. Universidad Veracruzana, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial-Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Esquivel-Cote
- Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alarcón
- Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
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Jayaramaiah RH, Egidi E, Macdonald CA, Wang J, Jeffries TC, Megharaj M, Singh BK. Soil initial bacterial diversity and nutrient availability determine the rate of xenobiotic biodegradation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:318-336. [PMID: 34689422 PMCID: PMC8719800 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relative importance of soil microbial diversity, plants and nutrient management is crucial to implement an effective bioremediation approach to xenobiotics-contaminated soils. To date, knowledge on the interactive effects of soil microbiome, plant and nutrient supply on influencing biodegradation potential of soils remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the individual and interactive effects of soil initial bacterial diversity, nutrient amendments (organic and inorganic) and plant presence on the biodegradation rate of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Initial bacterial diversity had a strong positive impact on soil biodegradation potential, with soil harbouring higher bacterial diversity showing ~ 2 times higher degradation rates than soils with lower bacterial diversity. Both organic and inorganic nutrient amendments consistently improved the degradation rate in lower diversity soils and had negative (inorganic) to neutral (organic) effect in higher diversity soils. Interestingly, plant presence/type did not show any significant effect on the degradation rate in most of the treatments. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that initial bacterial diversity had a prominent role in driving pyrene biodegradation rates. We provide novel evidence that suggests that soil initial microbial diversity, and nutrient amendments should be explicitly considered in the design and employment of bioremediation management strategies for restoring natural habitats disturbed by organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Catriona A. Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Jun‐Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Thomas C. Jeffries
- Global Centre for Land‐based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental RemediationThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
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Yavari S, Courchesne F, Brisson J. Nutrient-assisted phytoremediation of wood preservative-contaminated technosols with co-planting of Salix interior and Festuca arundinacea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58018-58034. [PMID: 34101122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of wood preservative-contaminated sites is an important issue due to the carcinogenic nature of some contaminants derived from wood preservatives (e.g., Cr+6, arsenate, and pentachlorophenol). This study evaluated the effects of fertilizer application on remediation potential of co-plantings of Salix interior Rowlee. (Salix) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (Festuca) in a wood preservative-spiked technosol while considering the potential contaminant and nutrient leaching. Two levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, NaNO3 and NaH2PO4 (25 and 75 mg L-1), were applied to achieve three N:P ratios, i.e., 3:1 (75:25), 1:3 (25:75), and 1:1 (25:25), that were compared with a control treatment (0:0 N:P) in a mesocosm experiment. Roots of the plant supplied with 1:1 and 1:3 N:P had more than double arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) amounts (i.e., biomass × concentration) compared to the control ones. Highest As and Cu amounts in shoots were found for Salix stems and Festuca leaves in the 1:3 and 1:1 N:P treatments, respectively. Arsenic and P leaching was high in mesocosms supplied with 1:3 N:P. Contamination and nutrient leaching in the 1:1 N:P treatment did not differ from the control, except for Cu. In conclusion, 1:1 N:P treatment yielded the best results in terms of metal(loid) uptake and contaminant and nutrient leaching. In 1:1 N:P treatment, the maximum values of percent As, Cr, and Cu in Salix and Festuca aboveground were 0.18%, 0.024%, and 1.20% and 0.89%, 0.08%, and 1.78%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yavari
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - François Courchesne
- Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Complexe des sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Xi P, Qiao X, Chen J, Cai X. Interrelated effects of soils and compounds on persulfate oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124845. [PMID: 33360699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate-based chemical oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in soils usually varies drastically with soil sites. Complex effects of soil components on persulfate oxidation of TPHs remains poorly understood, impeding the understanding of persulfate oxidation in practical systems. Here we provided empirical evidence for the interrelated effects of natural soils components and target TPHs on persulfate oxidation of TPHs. Inputs of TPHs led to notable alterations of organic matter, minerals and pH of soils, which in turn influenced distributions and availability of TPHs in soils. These soil/TPH properties and oxidant dose constituted five interrelated terms that were used to develop a predictive model of persulfate oxidation of TPHs. Such interrelation accounted for ilmenite-base coupling activation of persulfate oxidation, Fe/Mn mineral activation of persulfate oxidation, chemical oxidant demand of soils, mass transfer-reactivity limiting of TPHs, and applicable parameters of persulfate oxidation, respectively. The interrelation-based model of persulfate oxidation of TPHs displayed high predictive accuracy of 43% for a factor of 0.3 above and below the ideal fit, despite large differences in contaminated sites and applicable parameters. This finding may have practical interests in the optimization of persulfate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Puyu Xi
- Shanghai Jierang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201615, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Hoang SA, Lamb D, Seshadri B, Sarkar B, Choppala G, Kirkham MB, Bolan NS. Rhizoremediation as a green technology for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123282. [PMID: 32634659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoremediation is increasingly becoming a green and sustainable alternative to physico-chemical methods for remediation of contaminated environments through the utilization of symbiotic relationship between plants and their associated soil microorganisms in the root zone. The overall efficiency can be enhanced by identifying suitable plant-microbe combinations for specific contaminants and supporting the process with the application of appropriate soil amendments. This approach not only involves promoting the existing activity of plants and soil microbes, but also introduces an adequate number of microorganisms with specific catabolic activity. Here, we reviewed recent literature on the main mechanisms and key factors in the rhizoremediation process with a particular focus on soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). We then discuss the potential of different soil amendments to accelerate the remediation efficiency based on biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes. Notwithstanding some successes in well-controlled environments, rhizoremediation of TPH under field conditions is still not widespread and considered less attractive than physico-chemical methods. We catalogued the major pitfalls of this remediation approach at the field scale in TPH-contaminated sites and, provide some applicable situations for the future successful use of in situ rhizoremediation of TPH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mien Trung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Girish Choppala
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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11
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Varjani S, Pandey A, Upasani VN. Oilfield waste treatment using novel hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium - A microcosm approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141043. [PMID: 32717605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oily sludge is a hazardous waste generated through petroleum producing and processing industrial units. Due to its harmful environmental impacts, it needs to be treated in sustainable manner. The present study aimed to evaluate influence of bioaugmentation on oily sludge biodegradation efficiency of a novel hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium (HUBC) using microcosms. Three approaches (bioaugmentation, natural attenuation and abiotic factors) were used for microcosm studies. Bioaugmentation treatment showed best results for oily sludge degradation than natural attenuation and abiotic factors, resulting 82.13 ± 1.21% oily sludge degradation in 56 days. In bioaugmented microcosm on 56th day 0.30 ± 0.07 × 108 CFU/g hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were noted. Results showed that HUBC could be used to remediate soil polluted with oily sludge. This study imparts a notable approach for farming application(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre of Innovation and Translation Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Vivek N Upasani
- Department of Microbiology, M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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12
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Valizadeh Rad K, Motesharezadeh B, Alikhani HA, Dadrasnia A. The potential use of Cordia myxa in the remediation of crude oil pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:445-453. [PMID: 33016103 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1825326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and organic matter on a crude oil-polluted soil by Cordia myxa. The treatments consisted of crude oil at two levels (3 and 6% w/w), municipal waste compost at two levels (5 and 10% v/v), and two different bacterial strains (Pseudomonas sp.141 and Pseudomonas sp. 27ps). At the end of the growth period, the plants were harvested and prepared for the laboratory analyses. The greatest population of oil degrading-bacteria (4.6 × 106 CFU/g soil) was observed in the treatment containing 10% compost, 6% crude oil, and Pseudomonas sp.141. The highest crude oil degradation (76.49%) was recorded in the soil polluted with 6% crude oil, amended with 10% compost, and inoculated with Pseudomonas sp.141. The investigation on the degradation of the chains of C10-C35 compounds indicated that, in various treatments, the most abundant compound was among those with fewer carbon atoms (C12-C25), so the application of organic matter boosted the degradation of crude oil. In conclusion, C. myxa seedlings has an acceptable efficiency in the remediation of the oil-contaminated soil affected by biological factors (compost and Pseudomonas bacteria), which is because of their high tolerance to the pollution and their ability to penetrate deeper soil layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Valizadeh Rad
- Soil Science Engineering Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Babak Motesharezadeh
- Soil Science Engineering Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Alikhani
- Soil Science Engineering Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezoo Dadrasnia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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14
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Adesipo AA, Freese D, Nwadinigwe AO. Prospects of in-situ remediation of crude oil contaminated lands in Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Walakulu Gamage SS, Masakorala K, Brown MT, Widana Gamage SMK. Tolerance of Impatiens balsamina L., and Crotalaria retusa L. to grow on soil contaminated by used lubricating oil: A comparative study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109911. [PMID: 31722801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Screening of plant species with an ability to grow on contaminated soil is the most critical step in the planning of a phytoremediation program. While flourishing growth of Impatiens balsamina L. and Crotalaria retusa L. has been observed in areas adjacent to automobile service stations in Sri Lanka, no systematic study of their tolerance to used lubricating oil (ULO) contaminated soil has been carried out. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative responses of I. balsamina L. and C. retusa L. to soil contaminated with ULO. Both species exhibited 100% seed germination in soils treated with 1%-5% w/w ULO. After 120 h exposure, root lengths and biomass of germinated seedlings of both species were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in all treatments above 3% w/w ULO. The measured growth parameters of plants following 90 d exposure to 0.5-3% w/w ULO, indicated significant (p < 0.05) negative effects on I. balsamina and C. retusa at >1% w/w and >2% w/w ULO, respectively. There were no significant effects on chlorophyll content or root anatomy of either species under any treatments. Therefore, we concluded that I. balsamina can tolerate up to 1% of ULO and C. retusa up to 2% w/w ULO without displaying any negative effects. Comparatively higher biodegradation of ULO in the rhizosphere, root nodule formation, increases in root length and root hair density are all possible strategies for the exhibited higher tolerance of C. retusa. Therefore, the overall results indicate that C. retusa has the greater potential to be used in phytoremediation of ULO contaminated soils. The findings of the present study will be beneficial in planning phytoremediation program for ULO contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanaji Masakorala
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Murray T Brown
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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16
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Abdollahzadeh T, Niazi A, Moghadam A, Heydarian Z, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Kaviani E, Pourdad N. Phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by Salicornia: from PSY activity to physiological and morphological communications. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2789-2801. [PMID: 29558271 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1453551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum is one of the critical environmental pollutants. Salicornia can grow in petroleum-contaminated soil. Therefore, the potential of two Iranian Salicornia species, S. persica Akhani and S. iranica Akhani, for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with 0.2% or 2% petroleum was evaluated over short (1 and 10 h) and long (100 days) periods of time. In addition, some key factors including the expression analysis of phytoene synthase, physiological and morphological factors were studied. Both species reduced the petroleum in 0.2% and 2% petroleum-contaminated soils to 40% and 60% of the initial amount, respectively. The expression of PSY increased twice more than the control 10 h after 0.2% petroleum stress and the carotenoid content increased twice more than the control. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decreased three times less than the control in both contamination levels, while chlorophyll b decreased three times less than the control only in 2% contamination. The proline content peaked 10 h after 2% stress as it was 10 times more than the control. Promoter analysis of PSY showed the existence of responsive cis-acting elements to abscisic acid suggesting the key role of this gene in abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Abdollahzadeh
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ali Moghadam
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zohreh Heydarian
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- b Department of soil science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elina Kaviani
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Neda Pourdad
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
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Sun W, Ji B, Khoso SA, Tang H, Liu R, Wang L, Hu Y. An extensive review on restoration technologies for mining tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33911-33925. [PMID: 30324370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of mineral resources and the increasing mining waste emissions have created a series of environmental and health-related issues. Nowadays, the ecological restoration of mining tailings has become one of the urgent tasks for mine workers and environmental engineers all over the world. Aim of the present paper is to highlight the previous restoration techniques and the challenges encountered during the restoration of mine tailings. As it is a common practice that, before restoring of tailings, the site should be evaluated carefully. Studies showed that the mine tailings' adverse properties, including excessive heavy metal concentration, acidification, improper pH value, salinization and alkalization, poor physical structure and inadequate nutrition, etc., are the major challenges of their restoration. Generally, four restoration technologies, including physical, chemical, phytoremediation, and bioremediation, are used to restore the mining tailings. The working mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of these techniques are described in detail. In addition, selection of the suitable restoration techniques can largely be carried out by considering both the economic factors and time required. Furthermore, the ecosystem restoration is perceived to be a more promising technology for mine tailings. Therefore, this extensive review can act as a valuable reference for the researchers involved in mine tailing restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ji
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Sultan Ahmed Khoso
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghu Tang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqing Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehua Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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18
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Kai T, Ikeura H, Ozawa S, Tamaki M. Effects of basal fertilizer and perlite amendment on growth of zinnia and its remediation capacity in oil-contaminated soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:1236-1242. [PMID: 31274021 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1460310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a previous study we demonstrated that Zinnia hybrida 'Profusion White' can be effective in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. However, the rates of removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were greatest in soils containing 9000 mg/kg TPH and less in soils with higher concentrations of TPH. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of basal fertilizer rates and perlite amendments on the growth of zinnia and its remediation capacity in soils with TPH concentrations of 26,000 mg/kg. METHODOLOGY Soils were prepared with or without TPH at an initial concentration of 26,194 mg/kg, and then each of these soils was amended with either a basal fertilizer rate with or without 20% perlite, or twice the basal fertilizer rate with or without 20% perlite. Pots were prepared with the following treatments in these soils: contaminated soil planted with zinnia (planted-contaminated), uncontaminated soil planted with zinnia (planted-uncontaminated), and contaminated soil not planted with zinnia (unplanted-contaminated). Plant growth, soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and TPH concentrations were analyzed at 30 and 60 days after sowing. RESULTS Plant growth in oil-contaminated and uncontaminated soils was superior in pots with twice the basal fertilizer and with perlite. The DHA values in the planted-uncontaminated treatments were significantly lower than those in the planted-contaminated and unplanted-contaminated treatments. However, the effects of basal fertilizer amount and perlite on the DHA values of the soils were small. The TPH concentrations in the planted-contaminated soils were significantly lower than those in the unplanted-contaminated soils after 30 and 60 days. Furthermore, the TPH concentrations in the planted-contaminated soils were lowest in pots with twice the basal fertilizer and with perlite. CONCLUSIONS These results show how phytoremediation of soils with high levels of oil contamination by Z. hybrida 'Profusion White' can be practically enhanced by amending the soil with perlite and higher basal fertilizer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kai
- a Kurokawa Field Science Center, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Asao-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeura
- b Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences , Faculty of life and Environmental Science, Shimane University , Matsue , Shimane , Japan
| | - Suzuka Ozawa
- a Kurokawa Field Science Center, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Asao-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Masahiko Tamaki
- a Kurokawa Field Science Center, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Asao-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
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19
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Kaur N, Erickson TE, Ball AS, Ryan MH. A review of germination and early growth as a proxy for plant fitness under petrogenic contamination - knowledge gaps and recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:728-744. [PMID: 28372821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Germination-an important stage in the life cycle of plants-is susceptible to the presence of soil contaminants. Since the early 1990s, the use of germination tests to screen multiple plant species to select candidates for phytoremediation has received much attention. This is due to its inexpensive methodology and fast assessment relative to greenhouse or field growth studies. Surprisingly, no comprehensive synthesis is available of these studies in the scientific literature. As more plant species are added to phytoremediation databases, it is important to encapsulate the knowledge thus far and revise protocols. In this review, we have summarised previously-documented effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on germination and seedling growth. The methods and materials of previous studies are presented in tabulated form. Common practice includes the use of cellulose acetate filter paper, plastic Petri dishes, and low numbers of seeds and replicates. A general bias was observed for the screening of cultivated crops as opposed to native species, even though the latter may be better suited to site conditions. The relevance of germination studies as important ecotoxicological tools is highlighted with the proposed use of root imaging software. Screening of novel plant species, particularly natives, is recommended with selection focussed on (i) species phylogeny, (ii) plant morphological and functional traits, and (iii) tolerance towards harsh environmental stresses. Recommendations for standardised protocols for germination and early growth monitoring are made in order to improve the robustness of statistical modelling and species selection in future phytoremediation evaluations and field programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Todd E Erickson
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Ave, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Cheng L, Wang Y, Cai Z, Liu J, Yu B, Zhou Q. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated saline-alkali soil by wild ornamental Iridaceae species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:300-308. [PMID: 27592632 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1225282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a green remediation technology, phytoremediation is becoming one of the most promising methods for treating petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs)-contaminated soil. Pot culture experiments were conducted in this study to investigate phytoremediation potential of two representative Iridaceae species (Iris dichotoma Pall. and Iris lactea Pall.) in remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated saline-alkali soil from the Dagang Oilfield in Tianjin, China. The results showed that I. lactea was more endurable to extremely high concentration of PHCs (about 40,000 mg/kg), with a relatively high degradation rate of 20.68%.The degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in soils contaminated with 10,000 and 20,000 mg/kg of PHCs was 30.79% and 19.36% by I. dichotoma, and 25.02% and 19.35% by I. lactea, respectively, which improved by 10-60% than the unplanted controls. The presence of I. dichotoma and I. lactea promoted degradation of PHCs fractions, among which saturates were more biodegradable than aromatics. Adaptive specialization was observed within the bacterial community. In conclusion, phytoremediation by I. dichotoma should be limited to soils contaminated with ≤20,000 mg/kg of PHCs, while I. lactea could be effectively applied to phytoremediation of contaminated soils by PHCs with at least 40,000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Cheng
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yanan Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhang Cai
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jie Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Binbin Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
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21
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Panchenko L, Muratova A, Turkovskaya O. Comparison of the phytoremediation potentials of Medicago falcata L. And Medicago sativa L. in aged oil-sludge-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3117-3130. [PMID: 27858273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen-year monitoring of the vegetation growing in the industrial and adjacent areas of an oil refinery showed the prevalence of yellow medick (Medicago falcata L.) over other plant species, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A comparative field study of the two Medicago species established that yellow medick and alfalfa exhibited similar resistance to soil petroleum hydrocarbons and that the pollutant concentration in their rhizosphere was 30% lower than that in the surrounding bulk soil. In laboratory pot experiments, yellow medick reduced the contaminant content by 18% owing to the degradation of the major heavy oil fractions, such as paraffins, naphthenes, and alcohol and benzene tars; and it was more successful than alfalfa. Both species were equally effective in stimulating the total number of soil microorganisms, but the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degraders, was larger in the root zone of alfalfa. In turn, yellow medick provided a favorable balance of available nitrogen. Both Medicago species equally stimulated the dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities of the soil, and yellow medick increased the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase but reduced the activity of catalase. The root tissue activity of catalase, ascorbate oxidase, and tyrosinase was grater in alfalfa than in yellow medick. The peroxidase activity of plant roots was similar in both species, but nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed some differences in the peroxidase profiles of the root extracts of alfalfa and yellow medick. Overall, this study suggests that the phytoremediation potentials of yellow medick and alfalfa are similar, with some differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Panchenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
| | - Anna Muratova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Olga Turkovskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
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Pérez-Hernández I, Ochoa-Gaona S, Adams RH, Rivera-Cruz MC, Pérez-Hernández V, Jarquín-Sánchez A, Geissen V, Martínez-Zurimendi P. Growth of four tropical tree species in petroleum-contaminated soil and effects of crude oil contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1769-1783. [PMID: 27796985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Under greenhouse conditions, we evaluated establishment of four tree species and their capacity to degrade crude oil recently incorporated into the soil; the species were as follows: Cedrela odorata (tropical cedar), Haematoxylum campechianum (tinto bush), Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany), and Tabebuia rosea (macuilis). Three-month-old plants were planted in soil with three treatments of heavy petroleum and a control (C0 0 mg kg-1; C1 18,000 mg kg-1; C2 31,700 mg kg-1; C3 47,100 mg kg-1) with four repetitions per treatment and species; the experiment was carried out for 245 days. Height and biomass of all species significantly diminished as petroleum concentration increased, although plant survival was not affected. The quantity of colony-forming units (CFU) of rhizospheric bacteria varied among tree species and treatments; petroleum stimulated bacterial CFU for S. macrophylla. The number of fungi CFU for S. macrophylla and T. rosea was significantly greater in C0 than in soil with petroleum, but among species and among different concentrations, no significant differences were found. The greatest percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation was found in C1 for soil without plants (45 %). Differences from the remaining treatments (petroleum concentrations in soil and plant species) were not significant (P < 0.05). Among all trees, H. campechianum had the greatest TPH degradation (32.5 % in C2). T. rosea (C1) and H. campechianum (C2) resulted in petroleum degradation at levels ranging from 20.5 to 32.5 %. On the basis of this experiment, the tree species used did not improve TPH degradation. However, all of them showed high rates of survival and vigor. So, as tree species provide goods and services, experiments with inoculation of hydrocarbonclastic microorganisms, addition of fertilizers, and mixture of tree and grasses are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pérez-Hernández
- Academia de Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Golfo de México., Carretera Federal Malpaso-El Bellote km. 17, Ranchería Monte Adentro, 86600, Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - S Ochoa-Gaona
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2A, Parque Industrial Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - R H Adams
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Remediación, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas km. 0.5 s/n, 86150, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - M C Rivera-Cruz
- Impacto y Mitigación del Cambio Climático, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n, km 3.5, H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - V Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - A Jarquín-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2A, Parque Industrial Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - V Geissen
- Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- LAD Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Martínez-Zurimendi
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, RA. Guineo, 2ª. Sección, 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, Valladolid, Spain
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Marchand C, Hogland W, Kaczala F, Jani Y, Marchand L, Augustsson A, Hijri M. Effect of Medicago sativa L. and compost on organic and inorganic pollutant removal from a mixed contaminated soil and risk assessment using ecotoxicological tests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:1136-47. [PMID: 27216854 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1186594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several Gentle Remediation Options (GRO), e.g., plant-based options (phytoremediation), singly and combined with soil amendments, can be simultaneously efficient for degrading organic pollutants and either stabilizing or extracting trace elements (TEs). Here, a 5-month greenhouse trial was performed to test the efficiency of Medicago sativa L., singly and combined with a compost addition (30% w/w), to treat soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC), Co and Pb collected at an auto scrap yard. After 5 months, total soil Pb significantly decreased in the compost-amended soil planted with M. sativa, but not total soil Co. Compost incorporation into the soil promoted PHC degradation, M. sativa growth and survival, and shoot Pb concentrations [3.8 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW)]. Residual risk assessment after the phytoremediation trial showed a positive effect of compost amendment on plant growth and earthworm development. The O2 uptake by soil microorganisms was lower in the compost-amended soil, suggesting a decrease in microbial activity. This study underlined the benefits of the phytoremediation option based on M. sativa cultivation and compost amendment for remediating PHC- and Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Marchand
- a Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - William Hogland
- b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Fabio Kaczala
- b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Yahya Jani
- b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden
| | | | - Anna Augustsson
- b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- a Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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Wang S, Zhang C, Lu G, Li F, Guo G. Screening of herbaceous plants for peat-enhanced rehabilitation of contaminated soil with oily sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:62-68. [PMID: 26114406 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1058332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A batch pot experiment using nine herbaceous species were conducted for peat enhanced rehabilitation of contaminated soil with oily sludge in the initial contents of 0%, 1.3%, 7.4%, and 12.2%, respectively. The results showed that petroleum hydrocarbons removal, plant growth indices and enzyme activities varied depending on plant species and oil contents. Cotton, ryegrass and tall fescue were effective in the rehabilitation of oily sludge contaminated soils. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal ranged from 30.0% to 40.0% after 170 days of treatment. Plant biomass was shown to be the preferred indicator for screening phytoremediation plant because it was closely correlated with TPH removal and enzyme activities. Peat-enhanced plant rehabilitation could be a good strategy for the treatment of oily sludge contaminated saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Research , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Guilan Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Fasheng Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Guanlin Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
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Al-Isawi R, Scholz M, Wang Y, Sani A. Clogging of vertical-flow constructed wetlands treating urban wastewater contaminated with a diesel spill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12779-12803. [PMID: 25339533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Clogging often leads to a decrease of the treatment performance of wetlands. The aims of this study were to compare the impact of different design and operational variables on the treatment efficiency and clogging processes and to model suspended solid (SS) accumulation within the saturated wetland zone using the Wang-Scholz model. Different vertical-flow constructed wetlands were operated from June 2011 until April 2014. Four treatment periods were assessed: set-up, first year after set-up period, second year after set-up period and diesel spill (for selected filters only). The filter with the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading but no diesel contamination performed the best in terms of COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal for the fourth and final treatment period. Filters contaminated by diesel performed worse in terms of COD and BOD but considerably better regarding nitrate-nitrogen removal. Serious clogging phenomena impacting negatively on the treatment performance and the hydraulic conductivity were not observed. Modelling results were generally poor for the set-up period, adequate for the first 2 years after the set-up period and variable after the diesel spill. The Wang-Scholz model performed well for less complex operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Al-Isawi
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, M5 4WT, England, UK
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Xun F, Xie B, Liu S, Guo C. Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on oats in saline-alkali soil contaminated by petroleum to enhance phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:598-608. [PMID: 25091168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phytoremediation in saline-alkali soil contaminated by petroleum, saline-alkali soil samples were artificially mixed with different amount of oil, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively. Pot experiments with oat plants (Avena sativa) were conducted under greenhouse condition for 60 days. Plant biomass, physiological parameters in leaves, soil enzymes, and degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon were measured. The result demonstrated that petroleum inhibited the growth of the plant; however, inoculation with PGPR in combination with AMF resulted in an increase in dry weight and stem height compared with noninoculated controls. Petroleum stress increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline and the activities of the antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Application of PGPR and AMF augmented the activities of three enzymes compared to their respective uninoculated controls, but decreased the MDA and free proline contents, indicating that PGPR and AMF could make the plants more tolerant to harmful hydrocarbon contaminants. It also improved the soil quality by increasing the activities of soil enzyme such as urease, sucrase, and dehydrogenase. In addition, the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon during treatment with PGPR and AMF in moderately contaminated soil reached a maximum of 49.73%. Therefore, we concluded the plants treated with a combination of PGPR and AMF had a high potential to contribute to remediation of saline-alkali soil contaminated with petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Rapid remediation of soil heavily contaminated with hydrocarbons: a comparison of different approaches. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Li Z, Xiao H, Cheng S, Zhang L, Xiel X, Wu Z. A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:315-322. [PMID: 25077355 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score (CS) of five parameters (relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity (RC), and bio-concentration factor (BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 microg/(g fw x day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus (1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes (2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.
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Cartmill AD, Cartmill DL, Alarcón A. Controlled release fertilizer increased phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated sandy soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:285-301. [PMID: 24912225 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.773280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the application of controlled release fertilizer [(CRF) 0, 4,6, or 8 kg m(-3)] on Lolium multiflorum Lam. survival and potential biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (0, 3000, 6000, or 15000 mg kg(-1)) in sandy soil. Plant adaptation, growth, photosynthesis, total chlorophyll, and proline content as well as rhizosphere microbial population (culturable heterotrophic fungal and bacterial populations) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-degradation were determined. Petroleum induced-toxicity resulted in reduced plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient status. Plant adaptation, growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content were enhanced by the application of CRF in contaminated soil. Proline content showed limited use as a physiological indicator of petroleum induced-stress in plants. Bacterial and filamentous fungi populations were stimulated by the petroleum concentrations. Bacterial populations were stimulated by CRF application. At low petroleum contamination, CRF did not enhance TPH-degradation. However, petroleum degradation in the rhizosphere was enhanced by the application of medium rates of CRF, especially when plants were exposed to intermediate and high petroleum contamination. Application of CRF allowed plants to overcome the growth impairment induced by the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils.
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Cartmill AD, Cartmill DL, Alarcón A. Short-term biodegradation of petroleum in planted and unplanted sandy soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1080-1085. [PMID: 24216359 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.03.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of microbial populations and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Lam. 'Passerel Plus' planted and unplanted contaminated sandy soil. Plant adaptation, growth, photosynthesis, rhizosphere microbial population, and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation were determined. Petroleum contamination resulted in reduced plant growth, photosynthesis, and macro- and micronutrient content. Filamentous fungi populations were stimulated by the petroleum concentrations, especially when plants were exposed to intermediate to high petroleum contamination. In general, unplanted containers had lower bacterial colony forming units compared with planted containers. Thus, bacterial populations were stimulated by the rhizosphere effect of when compared with fungal populations. Degradation of TPH was greater in the lower petroleum concentration when compared with the higher petroleum concentrations in the soil and was not affected by plant presence. Nevertheless, the TPH biodegradation occurred at greater rates: 48 mg kg d for concentration of 3000 mg kg and 66 and 165 mg kg d for concentrations of 6000 and 15,000 mg kg, respectively, which concurs with the high fungal and bacterial populations with increasing petroleum concentrations regardless of plant presence.
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Cook RL, Hesterberg D. Comparison of trees and grasses for rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:844-860. [PMID: 23819280 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.760518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoremediation of petroleum contaminants is a phytoremediation process that depends on interactions among plants, microbes, and soils. Trees and grasses are commonly used for phytoremediation, with trees typically being chosen for remediation of BTEX while grasses are more commonly used for remediation of PAHs and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness of trees and grasses for rhizoremediation of hydrocarbons and address the advantages of each vegetation type. Grasses were more heavily represented in the literature and therefore demonstrated a wider range of effectiveness. However, the greater biomass and depth of tree roots may have greater potential for promoting environmental conditions that can improve rhizoremediation, such as increased metabolizable organic carbon, oxygen, and water. Overall, we found little difference between grasses and trees with respect to average reduction of hydrocarbons for studies that compared planted treatments with a control. Additional detailed investigations into plant attributes that most influence hydrocarbon degradation rates should provide data needed to determine the potential for rhizoremediation with trees or grasses for a given site and identify which plant characteristics are most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Cook
- North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Basumatary B, Saikia R, Das HC, Bordoloi S. Field note: phytoremediation of petroleum sludge contaminated field using sedge species, Cyperus rotundus (Linn.) and Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:877-88. [PMID: 23819282 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.760520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in a petroleum sludge contaminated site (initial TPH concentration of 65,000-75,000 mg kg(-1)) with two native sedge species namely Cyperus rotundus (Linn.) and Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. Fertilized and unfertilized treatments were maintained separately to record the influence of fertilizer in TPH degradation. The average biomass production (twenty plants from each treatment) of C. rotundus was 345.5 g and that of C. brevifolius was 250.6 g in fertilized soil during 360 days. Decrease in soil TPH concentration was higher in fertilized soil (75% for C. rotundus and 64% for C. brevifolius) than in unfertilized soil (36% for C. rotundus and 32% for C. brevifolius). In unvegetated treatments, decrease in soil TPH concentration in fertilized (12%) and unfertilized soil (8%) can be attributed to natural attenuation and microbial degradation. TPH accumulation in roots and shoots was significantly higher in fertilized soil in comparison to unfertilized soils (p < 0.05). Most probable number (MPN) in planted treatments was significantly higher than in unplanted treatments (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Basumatary
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Lopes A, Piedade MTF. Time of exposure and oil dosage affecting biomass production of the Amazonian semi-aquatic grass Echinochloa polystachya. RODRIGUÉSIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-78602011000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The effects of Urucu crude oil on growth and biomass production of Echinochloa polystachya were studied experimentally. Young plants contaminated with 5 oil doses (0 to 2.64 l.m-2) were monitored at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after exposure. A significant reduction was observed in leaf humidity and the ratio of live aerial/ total biomass related to the increase in oil dosage. Increased exposition time caused a reduction in the number of leaves, aerial biomass, proportion of live aerial/total biomass, total biomass, and an increase of dead aerial biomass. However, root biomass and leaf length were not affected by exposure to oil. The low tolerance of E. polystachya to Urucu crude oil has lead to the mortality of 90% of the plant population in 20 days at the 2.64 l treatment. The death of young individuals of E. polystachya by relatively low dosages of Urucu oil indicates that, in the case of an oil spill in the Amazon varzea, this species would be severely affected, endangering, consequently, the entire environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lopes
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil
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Fernández MD, Pro J, Alonso C, Aragonese P, Tarazona JV. Terrestrial microcosms in a feasibility study on the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2133-2140. [PMID: 21907410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation and bioremediation are site-specific processes, and feasibility studies should be performed as an initial step in scaling-up these processes. Soil microcosms can be a useful tool for investigating the efficiency of remediation alternatives under realistic conditions. In the present study, the degradation of diesel fuel in soil was studied in artificially assembled microcosms during a 180-day experiment. Microcosms consisted of soil columns seeded with a mix of Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium pratense into which earthworms were introduced and native soil microflora was used. Remediation assays were performed with different combinations of soil organisms' assemblages (micro-organisms, earthworms and plants) to determine the effects of these organisms and their interaction on diesel degradation. The microcosm system allowed for the study of the efficiency of remediation under field-relevant conditions. This system provided information about the dissipation of the pollutants as well as chemical leaching and possible toxic effects on the organisms during the remediation process. The decrease in soil hydrocarbon levels depended on the organisms' assemblage. Plants were not effective in the remediation of these soils despite their stimulation of microbial biomass. Conversely, earthworms had a beneficial impact on the dissipation of hydrocarbons that did not appear to be related to a generic improvement of plant or microbial activity. The grass species was more tolerant than the legume species to diesel fuel-contaminated soils. Leaching of hydrocarbons was negligible and independent of the organisms' assemblage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Dpt. of the Environment, INIA, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7500, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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George SJ, Sherbone J, Hinz C, Tibbett M. Terrestrial exposure of oilfield flowline additives diminish soil structural stability and remediative microbial function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2740-2749. [PMID: 21723652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Onshore oil production pipelines are major installations in the petroleum industry, stretching many thousands of kilometres worldwide which also contain flowline additives. The current study focuses on the effect of the flowline additives on soil physico-chemical and biological properties and quantified the impact using resilience and resistance indices. Our findings are the first to highlight deleterious effect of flowline additives by altering some fundamental soil properties, including a complete loss of structural integrity of the impacted soil and a reduced capacity to degrade hydrocarbons mainly due to: (i) phosphonate salts (in scale inhibitor) prevented accumulation of scale in pipelines but also disrupted soil physical structure; (ii) glutaraldehyde (in biocides) which repressed microbial activity in the pipeline and reduced hydrocarbon degradation in soil upon environmental exposure; (iii) the combinatory effects of these two chemicals synergistically caused severe soil structural collapse and disruption of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J George
- Centre for Land Rehabilitation, School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Nogueira L, Inckot RC, Santos GDO, Souza LAD, Bona C. Phytotoxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil and bioremediated soil on Allophylus edulis. RODRIGUÉSIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201162302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum-contaminated and bioremediated soils on germination, growth and anatomical structure of Allophylus edulis. We tested oil-contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non-contaminated soil. We evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), biomass and length of roots and shoots, total biomass, root and hypocotyl diameter, thickness of eophylls and cotyledons, leaf area, eophyll stomatal index and seedling anatomy. Germination percentage, GSI, biomass and leaf area did not differ between treatments after 30 days. Root biomass and plant height were lower in the noncontaminated treatment. Root biomass and leaf area differed between treatments after 60 days. Thickness of cotyledons was higher in bioremediated soil than in other treatments. Root and eophyll structure showed little variation in contaminated soil. We conclude that A. edulis was not affected by petroleum in contaminated and bioremediated soils and that this species has potential for phytoremediation.
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Nie M, Wang Y, Yu J, Xiao M, Jiang L, Yang J, Fang C, Chen J, Li B. Understanding plant-microbe interactions for phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soil. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17961. [PMID: 21437257 PMCID: PMC3060916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are considered to be important processes determining the efficiency of phytoremediation of petroleum pollution, however relatively little is known about how these interactions are influenced by petroleum pollution. In this experimental study using a microcosm approach, we examined how plant ecophysiological traits, soil nutrients and microbial activities were influenced by petroleum pollution in Phragmites australis, a phytoremediating species. Generally, petroleum pollution reduced plant performance, especially at early stages of plant growth. Petroleum had negative effects on the net accumulation of inorganic nitrogen from its organic forms (net nitrogen mineralization (NNM)) most likely by decreasing the inorganic nitrogen available to the plants in petroleum-polluted soils. However, abundant dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was found in petroleum-polluted soil. In order to overcome initial deficiency of inorganic nitrogen, plants by dint of high colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might absorb some DON for their growth in petroleum-polluted soils. In addition, through using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method, we quantified hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial traits based on their catabolic genes (i.e. alkB (alkane monooxygenase), nah (naphthalene dioxygenase) and tol (xylene monooxygenase) genes). This enumeration of target genes suggests that different hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria experienced different dynamic changes during phytoremediation and a greater abundance of alkB was detected during vegetative growth stages. Because phytoremediation of different components of petroleum is performed by different hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, plants' ability of phytoremediating different components might therefore vary during the plant life cycle. Phytoremediation might be most effective during the vegetative growth stages as greater abundances of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria containing alkB and tol genes were observed at these stages. The information provided by this study enhances our understanding of the effects of petroleum pollution on plant-microbe interactions and the roles of these interactions in the phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Nie
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of
Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource
Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences,
Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- The Institute of Global Environmental Change
Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- The Institute of Global Environmental Change
Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- The Institute of Global Environmental Change
Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of
Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource
Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the
Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity
Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- The Institute of Global Environmental Change
Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of
Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource
Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Nie M, Lu M, Yang Q, Zhang XD, Xiao M, Jiang LF, Yang J, Fang CM, Chen JK, Li B. Plants' use of different nitrogen forms in response to crude oil contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:157-163. [PMID: 20951484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated Phragmites australis' use of different forms of nitrogen (N) and associated soil N transformations in response to petroleum contamination. 15N tracer studies indicated that the total amount of inorganic and organic N assimilated by P. australis was low in petroleum-contaminated soil, while the rates of inorganic and organic N uptake on a per-unit-biomass basis were higher in petroleum-contaminated soil than those in un-contaminated soil. The percentage of organic N in total plant-assimilated N increased with petroleum concentration. In addition, high gross N immobilization and nitrification rates relative to gross N mineralization rate might reduce inorganic-N availability to the plants. Therefore, the enhanced rate of N uptake and increased importance of organic N in plant N assimilation might be of great significance to plants growing in petroleum-contaminated soils. Our results suggest that plants might regulate N capture under petroleum contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Nie
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Centre for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Meng Lu
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Li-Fen Jiang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Ji Yang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chang-Ming Fang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jia-Kuan Chen
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Centre for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Centre for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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Yousaf S, Ripka K, Reichenauer TG, Andria V, Afzal M, Sessitsch A. Hydrocarbon degradation and plant colonization by selected bacterial strains isolated from Italian ryegrass and birdsfoot trefoil. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1389-401. [PMID: 20522148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the degradation potential and plant colonization capacity of four alkane-degrading strains (ITSI10, ITRI15, ITRH76 and BTRH79) in combination with birdsfoot trefoil and Italian ryegrass and to evaluate the diversity of indigenous alkane-degrading soil bacteria in the rhizo- and endosphere. METHODS AND RESULTS Contaminated soil was prepared by spiking agricultural soil with 10 g diesel fuel per kg soil. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. Taurus) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus var. Leo) were inoculated with four alkane-degrading strains. Hydrocarbon degradation (up to 57%) was observed in all inoculated treatments of vegetated and unvegetated samples. Italian ryegrass in combination with compost and BTRH79 showed highest degradation, while birdsfoot trefoil performed best with compost and strain ITSI10. Cultivation-based as well as cultivation-independent analysis showed that both strains were competitive colonizers. CONCLUSIONS The combination between vegetation, inoculation with well-performing degrading bacteria and compost amendment was an efficient approach to reduce hydrocarbon contamination. Two Pantoea sp. strains, ITSI10 and BTRH79, established well in the plant environment despite the presence of a variety of other, indigenous alkane-degrading bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study suggests that the application of degrading bacterial strains, which are able to compete with the native microflora and to tightly associate with plants, are promising candidates to be used for phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yousaf
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Zhou XB, Cébron A, Béguiristain T, Leyval C. Water and phosphorus content affect PAH dissipation in spiked soil planted with mycorrhizal alfalfa and tall fescue. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:709-713. [PMID: 19775720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dissipation efficiency can be increased in the plant rhizosphere, but may be affected by various environmental factors. We investigated the effects of the watering regime and phosphorus concentration on PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants in a pot experiment. Two plant species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), were co-cultured and inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus intraradices) in PAH (phenanthrene (PHE)=500 mg kg(-1), pyrene (PYR)=500 mg kg(-1), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA)=65 mg kg(-1)) spiked agricultural soil for 6 weeks. Treatments with different phosphorus concentrations and watering regimes were compared. The PHE dissipation reached 90% in all treatments and was not affected by the treatments. The major finding was the significant positive impact of mycorrhizal plants on the dissipation of high molecular weight PAH (DBA) in high-water low-phosphorus treatment. Such an effect was not observed in high-water high-phosphorus and low-water low-phosphorus treatments, where AM colonization was very low. A positive linear relationship was detected between PYR dissipation and the percentage of Gram-positive PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes in high-water high-phosphorus treatments, but not in the other two treatments with lower phosphorus concentrations and water contents. Such results indicated that the phosphorus and water regime were important parameters for the dissipation of HMW-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Zhou
- LIMOS, Nancy University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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41
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Choi WJ, Chang SX. Technical note: nitrogen fertilization effects on the degradation of aged diesel oil in composted drilling wastes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2009; 11:441-50. [PMID: 19810347 DOI: 10.1080/15226510802655971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon-contaminated wastes generated from oil and gas drilling activities may be used as a soil amendment once composted and further decomposition of residual hydrocarbons can be accomplished after the composts are applied to soils. To test if N fertilization may enhance hydrocarbon decomposition, we investigated the effects of N application on hydrocarbon degradation in different-aged composts (1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old composts, coded as 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, and 4Y composts, respectively) through a pot experiment planted with white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings. The percentage degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH, C11 to C40) in the composts without N fertilization was correlated to initial NH4+ concentrations (R = 0.99, P < 0.001). The percentage degradation of TPH was highest in the 3Y compost (41.1%) that had an initial level of 325.3 mg NH4+ -N kg(-1) and the lowest in the IY compost (9.3%) that had an initial level of 8.3 mg NH4+ -N kg(-1). The degradation of TPH was enhanced by Nfertilization in the 1Y (from 9.3 to 15.3%) and 4Y composts (from 14.3 to 22.6%) that had low initial NH4+ concentrations. Our results show that application of NH4+ -based fertilizers may enhance the degradation of TPH when initial NH4+ concentrations in the compost are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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42
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Smith KE, Schwab AP, Banks MK. Dissipation of PAHs in saturated, dredged sediments: a field trial. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:1614-1619. [PMID: 18547603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediments dredged from navigable rivers often contain elevated concentrations of recalcitrant, potentially toxic organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The presence of these compounds often requires that the sediments be stored in fully contained disposal facilities. A 3-year field study was conducted at the Jones Island disposal facility in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to compare bioremediation of PAHs in contaminated dredged sediments in the absence of plants to phytoremediation with Salix nigra (black willow) (SX61), Spartina pectinata (prairie cord grass), Carex aquatalis (lake sedge), Lolium multiflorum (annual rye), and Scirpus fluviatilis (bulrush). Nine PAHs were detected initially in the sediments. Over the 3-year experiment, acenaphthene dissipation ranged from 94% to 100%, whereas anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and indo[1,2,3-cd]pyrene generally had modest decreases in concentration (0-30% decrease). The remaining five PAHs ranged in degree of disappearance from 23% to 82%. Planted treatments did not enhance PAH dissipation relative to those without plants, but treatments with high biomass yield and high transpiration plant species had significantly less removal of PAHs than unplanted controls. Significant, negative correlations between nitrogen removal and decreases in PAH concentration suggest that competition for nutrients between plants and microorganisms may have impeded the microbial degradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere of the more rapidly growing plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Smith
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - A P Schwab
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - M K Banks
- Department of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Olson PE, Castro A, Joern M, Duteau NM, Pilon-Smits E, Reardon KF. Effects of agronomic practices on phytoremediation of an aged PAH-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:1439-1446. [PMID: 18574175 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation offers an ecologically and economically attractive remediation technique for soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the choice of plant species, agronomic practices may affect the efficiency of PAH phytoremediation. Inorganic nutrient amendments may stimulate plant and microbial growth, and clipping aboveground biomass might stimulate root turnover, which has been associated with increases in soil microbial populations. To assess the influence of fertilization and clipping on PAH dissipation in a nutrient-poor, aged PAH-contaminated soil, a 14-mo phytoremediation study was conducted using perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as a model species. Six soil treatments were performed in replicate: unplanted; unplanted and fertilized; planted; planted and fertilized; planted and clipped; and planted, clipped, and fertilized. Plant growth, soil PAH concentrations, and the concentrations of total and PAH-degrading microorganisms were measured after 7 and 14 mo. Overall, planting (with nearly 80% reduction in total PAHs) and planting + clipping (76% reduction in total PAHs) were the most effective treatments for increased PAH dissipation after 14 mo. Fertilization greatly stimulated plant and total microbial growth, but negatively affected PAH dissipation (29% reduction in total PAHs). Furthermore, unplanted and fertilized soils revealed a similar negative impact (25% reduction) on PAH dissipation after 14 mo. Clipping did not directly affect PAH dissipation, but when combined with fertilization (61% reduction in total PAHs), appeared to mitigate the negative impact of fertilization on PAH dissipation. Therefore, fertilization and clipping may be included in phytoremediation design strategies, as their combined effect stimulates plant growth while not affecting PAH dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Olson
- Dep. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Kirkpatrick WD, White PM, Wolf DC, Thoma GJ, Reynolds CM. Petroleum-degrading microbial numbers in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere crude oil-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2008; 10:208-219. [PMID: 18710096 DOI: 10.1080/15226510801997648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable method to clean up crude oil-contaminated soils in situ. Our research objective was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) additions and plant growth on the number of total hydrocarbon (TH)-, alkane-, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading microorganisms in weathered crude oil-contaminated soil. A warm-season grass, sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), was grown for 7 wk in soil with a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level of 16.6 g TPH/kg soil. Nitrogen was added based upon TPH-C:added total N (TPH-C:TN) ratios ranging from 44:1 to 11:1. Unvegetated and unamended controls were also evaluated. The TH-, alkane-, and PAH-degrading microbial numbers per gram of dry soil were enumerated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for vegetated pots and non-rhizosphere soil populations were enumerated from non-vegetated pots. Total petroleum-degrading microbial numbers were also calculated for each pot. The TH-, alkane-, and PAH-degrading microbial numbers per gram of dry soil in the sudangrass rhizosphere were 3.4, 2.6, and 4.8 times larger, respectively, than those in non-rhizosphere soil across all N rates. The presence of sudangrass resulted in significantly more TH-degrading microorganisms per pot when grown in soil with a TPH-C:TN ratio of 11:1 as compared to the control. Increased plant root growth in a crude oil-contaminated soil and a concomitant increase in petroleum-degrading microbial numbers in the rhizosphere have the potential to enhance phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Lee SH, Lee WS, Lee CH, Kim JG. Degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in rhizosphere of grasses and legumes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 153:892-898. [PMID: 17959304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the remediation of organic soil pollutants such as phenanthrene and pyrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs). The PAH degradation ability of four native Korean plant species (Panicum bisulcatum, Echinogalus crus-galli, Astragalus membranaceus, and Aeschynomene indica) was compared in the greenhouse. During the 80-day experiment, soil samples were collected and analyzed periodically to determine the residual PAH content and microbial activity. More PAHs were dissipated in planted soil (i.e., with a rhizosphere) than in unplanted soil, and there were more obvious effects of plants on pyrene dissipation than on phenanthrene dissipation. After 80 days, >99 and 77-94% of phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively, had been degraded in planted soil, whereas 99% and 69% had been degraded in unplanted soil. This enhanced dissipation of PAHs in planted soils might be derived from increased microbial activity and plant-released enzymes. During the experimental period, a relatively large amount of phenolic compounds, high microbial activity, and high peroxidase activity were detected in planted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hwan Lee
- Office of Environmental Geology, Korea Rural Community & Agriculture Corp, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
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Keller J, Banks MK, Schwab AP. Effect of soil depth on phytoremediation efficiency for petroleum contaminants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:1-9. [PMID: 18161552 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701750314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic contaminants in soil may be enhanced by the presence of vegetation. Evaluating the effect of soil depth on phytoremediation efficiency may provide researchers and regulators with a clearer understanding of contaminant clean-up. A column study with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diesel-contaminated soil was conducted over a 147-day period of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) growth. Analysis of the contaminants and plant biomass was conducted along with microbial enumeration at three soil depths in 49-day intervals. Remediation proceeded rapidly near the surface of the soil (0-20 cm) for both vegetated and unvegetated columns, but the effect of vegetation relative to an unvegetated control only was significant in the lower soil depths. Contaminant dissipation in the 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers was not significantly different between vegetated and unvegetated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Keller
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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47
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Reichenauer TG, Germida JJ. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:708-717. [PMID: 18698569 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the clean-up of sites contaminated with hazardous chemicals. The term phytoremediation refers to a number of technologies that use photoautotrophic vascular plants for the remediation of sites contaminated with inorganic and organic contaminants. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants can be organized by considering 1) the green liver concept, which elucidates the metabolism of contaminants in planta versus that of contaminants ex planta (e.g. rhizosphere), 2) processes that lead to complete degradation (mineralization) of contaminants as opposed to those that only lead to partial degradation or transformation, and 3) active plant uptake versus passive processes (e.g. sorption). Understanding of these processes needs an interdisciplinary approach involving chemists, biologists, soil scientists, and environmentalists. This Review presents the basic concepts of phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater using selected contaminants as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Reichenauer
- Department of Environmental Research, Austrian Research Centers GmbH-ARC, Seibersdorf, 2444, Austria.
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48
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Cofield N, Schwab AP, Banks MK. Phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil: part I. Dissipation of target contaminants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2007; 9:355-70. [PMID: 18246723 DOI: 10.1080/15226510701603858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has been demonstrated to be a viable cleanup alternative for soils contaminated with petroleum products. This study evaluated the application of phytoremediation to soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site with high concentrations of recalcitrant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two greenhouse studies investigated the potential dissipation and plant translocation of PAHs by fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the first experiment and zucchini (Curcubita pepo Raven) in the second. The MGP soil was highly hydrophobic and initially inhibited plant growth. Two unplanted controls were established with and without fertilization. In the first experiment, concentrations of PAHs decreased significantly in all treatments after 12 mo. Plant biomass and microbial numbers were statistically equivalent among plant species. PAH concentrations in plant biomass were negligible for fescue and switchgrass. In the second experiment, zucchini enhanced the dissipation of several PAHs after 90 d of treatment when compared to the unvegetated soil. Plant tissue concentrations of PAHs were not elevated in the zucchini roots and shoots, and PAHs were not detectable in the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naressa Cofield
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Olson PE, Castro A, Joern M, DuTeau NM, Pilon-Smits EAH, Reardon KF. Comparison of plant families in a greenhouse phytoremediation study on an aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:1461-9. [PMID: 17766825 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous, recalcitrant, and potentially carcinogenic pollutants. Plants and their associated rhizosphere microbes can promote PAH dissipation, offering an economic and ecologically attractive remediation technique. This study focused on the effects of different types of vegetation on PAH removal and on the interaction between the plants and their associated microorganisms. Aged PAH-polluted soil with a total PAH level of 753 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight was planted with 18 plant species representing eight families. The levels of 17 soil PAHs were monitored over 14 mo. The size of soil microbial populations of PAH degraders was also monitored. Planting significantly enhanced the dissipation rates of all PAHs within the first 7 mo, but this effect was not significant after 14 mo. Although the extent of removal of lower-molecular-weight PAHs was similar for planted and unplanted control soils after 14 mo, the total mass of five- and six-ring PAHs removed was significantly greater in planted soils at the 7- and 14-mo sampling points. Poaceae (grasses) were the most effective of the families tested, and perennial ryegrass was the most effective species; after 14 mo, soils planted with perennial ryegrass contained 30% of the initial total PAH concentration (compared with 51% of the initial concentrations in unplanted control soil). Although the presence of some plant species led to higher populations of PAH degraders, there was no correlation across plant species between PAH dissipation and the size of the PAH-degrading population. Research is needed to understand differences among plant families for stimulating PAH dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Olson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Cofield N, Schwab AP, Williams P, Banks MK. Phytoremediation of polycyclic hydrocarbon contaminated soil: part II. Impact on ecotoxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2007; 9:371-84. [PMID: 18246724 DOI: 10.1080/15226510701603866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several biological assays were used to evaluate the toxic effects of contaminants in soil after phytoremediation. During the treatment process, significant decreases in overall toxicity were observed. Specifically, earthworm survivability and lettuce germination increased over the study period. Microbial respiration improved, but only in planted treatments. Toxicity and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations showed some correlation, but the relationships generally were not significant. Soil moisture was less of a predictor for biological responses. The presence of plants did not provide a clear advantage for improving toxicity compared to unplanted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naressa Cofield
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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