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Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J. An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 239:73-105. [PMID: 38523734 PMCID: PMC10960151 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Garcinia L. is a pantropically distributed genus comprised of at least 250 species of shrubs and trees and has centers of diversity located in Africa/Madagascar, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. The genus is notable due to its extreme diversity of floral form, common presence in lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, and potential pharmacological value. Across its entire geographic range, Garcinia lacks a recent taxonomic revision, with the last genus-level taxonomic treatment of Garcinia conducted over 40 years ago. In order to provide an evolutionary-based framework for a revised infrageneric classification of the genus and to investigate in more detail the systematics of New Caledonian species, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data for the nuclear ITS region on all samples, and for three chloroplast intergenic spacers (psbM-trnD, trnQ-rps16 and rps16-trnK) on a subset of our overall sampling. Our phylogenetic analyses are the most comprehensive to date for the genus, containing 111 biogeographically and morphologically diverse Garcinia species. The analyses support a broad circumscription of Garcinia, including several previously segregated genera (e.g. Allanblackia, Clusianthemum, Ochrocarpos p.p., Pentaphalangium, Rheedia, and Tripetalum). We recovered nine major clades falling within two major lineages, and we delimit 11 sections. We discuss each of the clades, assign them sectional names, discuss their distinguishing morphological features, compare our taxonomic treatment with the most recent sectional treatment, list representative species, note geographic distribution, and highlight some questions that deserve future investigations. We propose nine new nomenclatural combinations, four new names, and three new lectotypes. In New Caledonia (NC), a total of ten, all endemic, species are recognized and were included in our phylogenetic analyses, with several replicates per species (with the exception of G.virgata and G.urceolata, represented by a single accession each). New Caledonian species were retrieved within three separate clades, respectively including 1) G.balansae; 2) G.comptonii, G.neglecta, G.urceolata, G.virgata; and 3) G.amplexicaulis, G.densiflora, G.pedicellata, G.puat, G.vieillardii. Within NC, the phylogenies did not support the distinction between a putative undescribed species and G.balansae. However, it confirmed the distinction between NC species and both G.vitiensis (found in Fiji and Vanuatu) and G.adinantha (found in Fiji), suggesting that all NC species should be considered as endemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, FranceMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UAParisFrance
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, 170 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USAYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States of America
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, Montpellier, FranceUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Cano MJ, Jiménez JA, Martínez M, Hedenäs L, Gallego MT, Rodríguez O, Guerra J. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in the Aloina catillum Complex (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:445. [PMID: 38337977 PMCID: PMC10857082 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aloina catillum is a variable moss typical of xerophytic environments in the Neotropics, characterized against other closely allied Aloina species with well-differentiated leaf border by its setae twisted to the left throughout. In order to clarify its variability and its relationships with the allied species with differentiated leaf border A. brevirostris, A. obliquifolia, and A. rigida, we performed an integrative study including sequence data from four markers (nuclear ITS, plastid atpB-rbcL, trnG, trnL-F), morphometry, and species assembling by automatic partitioning (ASAP) algorithm. Our data suggest that A. catillum consists of at least three species: A. calceolifolia (an earlier name for A. catillum), and two species described here as a new, A. bracteata sp. nov. and A. limbata sp. nov. This latter species includes the specimens previously identified as A. obliquifolia from South America. Additionally, some morphological and molecular variability was also detected in A. limbata, but was not consistent enough to be recognized taxonomically. The study supports the presence of A. brevirostris in the Neotropics and A. rigida is tentatively excluded from South America. Full descriptions of the A. catillum s.l. species and a diagnostic key to this complex in South America are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Juan A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Mónica Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Lars Hedenäs
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - M. Teresa Gallego
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Omar Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Juan Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.J.); (M.M.); (M.T.G.); (O.R.); (J.G.)
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Advay M, Albach DC, Doostmohammadi M. A new species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from Western Iran. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 237:219-230. [PMID: 38317827 PMCID: PMC10843890 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A new species, Veronicakurdistanica (Plantaginaceae), is described and illustrated. It grows on limestone cliffs in mountainous alpine areas of western Iran (Kurdistan province). The new species belongs to the species group of V.kurdica and is considered to be closely related to V.daranica, V.khorassanica and V.kurdica, with which the new species is compared. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA (ITS) region confirms this relationship. Veronicakurdistanica is distinguished from the mentioned species by its glandular indumentum, length and shape of leaves and bracts, number of flowers per raceme, length and width of calyx and corolla, and size of capsules and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz Advay
- Central herbarium, Scholar biology, College of Science of Tehran University, Tehran, IranCollege of Science of Tehran UniversityTehranIran
| | - Dirk C. Albach
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität, 26111 Oldenburg, GermanyCarl von Ossietzky-UniversitätOldenburgGermany
| | - Moslem Doostmohammadi
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
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Patané JSL, Martins J, Setubal JC. A Guide to Phylogenomic Inference. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2802:267-345. [PMID: 38819564 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3838-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenomics aims at reconstructing the evolutionary histories of organisms taking into account whole genomes or large fractions of genomes. Phylogenomics has significant applications in fields such as evolutionary biology, systematics, comparative genomics, and conservation genetics, providing valuable insights into the origins and relationships of species and contributing to our understanding of biological diversity and evolution. This chapter surveys phylogenetic concepts and methods aimed at both gene tree and species tree reconstruction while also addressing common pitfalls, providing references to relevant computer programs. A practical phylogenomic analysis example including bacterial genomes is presented at the end of the chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S L Patané
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração/Heart Institute Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Martins
- Integrative Omics group, Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Setubal
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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de Mestier A, Campos Pineda E, Cedeño Fonseca M, Ortiz OO. A new species of Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) from Central Panama and insights into its phylogenetic position within the genus. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 236:97-112. [PMID: 38098496 PMCID: PMC10719937 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a new species of Casearia from Panama based on both morphological and molecular data. Caseariaisthmicasp. nov. is restricted to the mid-elevation cloud forests of Central Panama and presents morphological similarities with two more widespread species, C.sanchezii from high elevation areas of El Salvador and Mexico and C.tremula from the Caribbean, Central America, and Northern South America. Caseariaisthmica differs in presenting pedunculated and congested inflorescences with up to 20 flowers, as well as flowers with 12 stamens and a pubescent style. Phylogenetic analysis based on selected plastid (petD, trnK-matK, rpl16 and rps4-trnLF) and nuclear (GBSSI and ITS) markers shows that the new species belongs to subclade B3 of Casearia, a lineage that encompasses species from Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Results of the morphological and molecular analysis were congruent and allowed a broader understanding of this new taxon, especially regarding its relationships to other Casearia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid de Mestier
- Institut für Biologie – Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Cedeño Fonseca
- Institut für Biologie – Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Herbario Luis Fournier Origgi (USJ), Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo.11501−2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Orlando O. Ortiz
- Institut für Biologie – Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Jardin Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. 302–7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
- Herbario PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Panama
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Knudsen K, Kocourková J, Hodková E, Dart J, Huereca A, Malíček J. Three new species of Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from southwestern North America. MycoKeys 2023; 99:251-268. [PMID: 37867781 PMCID: PMC10587834 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and study of three new species of Trimmatothelopsis from Southwestern North America, T.californica, T.mexicana, and T.novomexicana, adds not only to the diversity of the genus and family but generated new insights into the occurrence of two ascus types in the genus and the variety of conidiogenous cells and conidia. Trimmatothelopsis now includes 15 species with a mainly Holarctic distribution (Asia, Europe, North America) and one species in Australia. A key is supplied to the genus. An overview of the genus Trimmatothelopsis is given, including differentiation from other genera of Acarosporaceae. The monotypic genus Thelocarpella is considered to be a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis. The new combination Trimmatothelopsiswirthii is proposed. The ascus type is shown to be variable in the genus with species with two types being intermixed with each other in our phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Knudsen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PrahaPraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Jana Kocourková
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PrahaPraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Eva Hodková
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PrahaPraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Jason Dart
- Althouse and Meade, Inc. 1650 Ramada Drive, suite 180, Paso Robles, CA 93446, USAAlthouse and Meade, Inc.Paso RoblesUnited States of America
- Robert F. Hoover Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic Institute, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USABiological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic InstituteSan Luis ObispoUnited States of America
| | - Alejandro Huereca
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences CW405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, USAUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Jiří Malíček
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech RepublicThe Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanPrůhoniceCzech Republic
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Escobari B, Borsch T, Kilian N. Generic concepts and species diversity within the Gynoxyoid clade (Senecioneae, Compositae). PHYTOKEYS 2023; 234:61-106. [PMID: 37860599 PMCID: PMC10582726 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The Gynoxyoid clade of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) until now included the five genera Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Nordenstamia, Paracalia and Paragynoxys as diagnosed using selected morphological characters. In their pre-phylogenetic circumscription, the genera Aequatorium and Paragynoxys were considered to inhabit the northern Andes in contrast to Nordenstamia and Paracalia that occur in the central Andes. The most species-rich genus, Gynoxys, was believed to be distributed throughout the Andes. We use a recently established plastid phylogenomic framework that rendered Gynoxys paraphyletic to further evaluate the delimitation of genera in the Gynoxyoid clade. We examine the morphological variation of all members of the Gynoxyoid to identify characters potentially informative at genus level. This results in a matrix of eleven, mostly multistate characters, including those originally used to diagnose these genera. The ancestral character state inference displays a high level of homoplasy, but nevertheless supports the recognition of four genera. Aequatorium is characterised by white radiate capitula. Paracalia and Paragynoxys share white flowers and floral characteristics, such as flower opening and length of disc flowers lobes, as plesiomorphic states, but differ in habit (scandent shrubs vs. trees). Paracalia also retained white flowers, but its two species are characterised by the absence of outer phyllaries. The genera Gynoxys and Nordenstamia comprise species with yellow capitula which appear to be a derived feature in the Gynoxyoids. The genus Nordenstamia, with eight species, is synonymised under Gynoxys since molecular evidence shows its species nested within various parts of the Gynoxys subclade and the morphological variation of Nordenstamia falls well within that of Gynoxys. With the goal to assign all species to four genera (Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Paracalia and Paragynoxys), we assess the states for the eleven characters for all members of the Gynoxyoids and generate new ETS and ITS sequences for 171 specimens belonging to 49 species to further support their generic placement. We provide a taxonomic treatment for the four genera recognised here including amended diagnoses and morphological descriptions. Furthermore, a species-level taxonomic backbone is elaborated for all genera using electronic tools that list 158 currently accepted names and synonyms (209 names in total) with the respective protologue and type information, as well as notes on the current understanding of species limits. Eleven names are newly synonymised, two are lectotypified and eight are newly transferred to other genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Escobari
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Casilla, La Paz, 10077, Bolivia
| | - Thomas Borsch
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Norbert Kilian
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Bisang I, Ehrlén J, Hedenäs L. Life-history characteristics and historical factors are important to explain regional variation in reproductive traits and genetic diversity in perennial mosses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:29-42. [PMID: 36928083 PMCID: PMC10550275 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have evolved an unrivalled diversity of reproductive strategies, including variation in the degree of sexual vs. clonal reproduction. This variation has important effects on the dynamics and genetic structure of populations. We examined the association between large-scale variation in reproductive patterns and intraspecific genetic diversity in two moss species where sex is manifested in the dominant haploid generation and sex expression is irregular. We predicted that in regions with more frequent realized sexual reproduction, populations should display less skewed sex ratios, should more often express sex and should have higher genetic diversity than in regions with largely clonal reproduction. METHODS We assessed reproductive status and phenotypic sex in the dioicous long-lived Drepanocladus trifarius and D. turgescens, in 248 and 438 samples across two regions in Scandinavia with frequent or rare realized sexual reproduction, respectively. In subsets of the samples, we analysed genetic diversity using nuclear and plastid sequence information and identified sex with a sex-specific molecular marker in non-reproductive samples. KEY RESULTS Contrary to our predictions, sex ratios did not differ between regions; genetic diversity did not differ in D. trifarius and it was higher in the region with rare sexual reproduction in D. turgescens. Supporting our predictions, relatively more samples expressed sex in D. trifarius in the region with frequent sexual reproduction. Overall, samples were mostly female. The degree of sex expression and genetic diversity differed between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Sex expression levels, regional sex ratios and genetic diversity were not directly associated with the regional frequency of realized sexual reproduction, and relationships and variation patterns differed between species. We conclude that a combination of species-specific life histories, such as longevity, overall degree of successful sexual reproduction and recruitment, and historical factors are important to explain this variation. Our data on haploid-dominated plants significantly complement plant reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bisang
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Hedenäs
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Raymundo T, Valenzuela R, Martínez-González CR, García-Jiménez J, Cobos-Villagrán A, Sánchez-Flores M, de la Fuente J, Martínez-Pineda M, Pérez-Valdespino A, Ramírez-Martínez JC, Luna-Vega I. New Ascomycetes from the Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:933. [PMID: 37755041 PMCID: PMC10532444 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropical montane cloud forest is the most diverse and threatened vegetation type in Mexico. In the last decade, the number of described Ascomycetes species has notably increased, reaching more than 1300 species. This study describes six new species based on their molecular and morphological characteristics. Our results suggest that Mexico has the highest number of described species in the Neotropics. However, many other Mexican lineages still need to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Raymundo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (R.V.); (A.C.-V.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Ricardo Valenzuela
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (R.V.); (A.C.-V.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - César Ramiro Martínez-González
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km 38.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Jesús García-Jiménez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil #1301Pte, Ciudad Victoria 87010, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.G.-J.); (M.S.-F.)
| | - Aurora Cobos-Villagrán
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (R.V.); (A.C.-V.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Marcos Sánchez-Flores
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil #1301Pte, Ciudad Victoria 87010, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.G.-J.); (M.S.-F.)
| | - Javier de la Fuente
- Colegio de Posgraduados, km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Michelle Martínez-Pineda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (R.V.); (A.C.-V.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Julio Cesar Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Isolda Luna-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Zhang JW, Kilian N, Huang JH, Sun H. Ixeridiumsagittarioides (Asteraceae-Cichorieae) revisited: range extension and molecular evidence for its systematic position in the Lactuca alliance. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 230:115-130. [PMID: 37588040 PMCID: PMC10425873 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.230.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Our first record of the rare and scatteredly distributed Ixeridiumsagittarioides for Guizhou, China, triggered a study to assess its systematic position. The species was placed in four different genera in the course of its taxonomic history and was recently treated with doubts as a member of Ixeridium in the Flora of China. Comparative morphological investigation and phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and five non-coding plastid DNA regions (petD region, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, rpl32-trnL (UAG) and 5´rps16-trnQ (UUG) spacers) provided evidence that the species is not a member of Ixeridium and the Crepidinae but has evolved by ancient hybridisation of members of the Lactuca alliance (Lactucinae). It is reinstated as Lactucasagittarioides and a comprehensive morphological description is provided, based on material from its entire range of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Norbert Kilian
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin -Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, GermanyFreie Universitat BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jiang-Hua Huang
- Forestry Bureau of Wangmo County, Wangmo 552300, Guizhou, ChinaForestry Bureau of Wangmo CountyWangmoChina
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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Valenzuela R, Luna-Vega I, Martínez-Pineda M, Martínez-González CR, García-Jiménez J, de la Fuente J, Bautista-Hernández S, Acosta-Castellanos S, Raymundo T. Novelties in Macrofungi of the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040477. [PMID: 37108931 PMCID: PMC10143667 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico is the most diverse and threatened ecosystem. Mexican macrofungi numbers more than 1408 species. This study described four new species of Agaricomycetes (Bondarzewia, Gymnopilus, Serpula, Sparassis) based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Our results support that Mexico is among the most biodiverse countries in terms of macrofungi in the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Isolda Luna-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Michelle Martínez-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - César Ramiro Martínez-González
- Instituto de Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús García-Jiménez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil #1301 Pte., Ciudad Victoria 87010, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Javier de la Fuente
- Colegio de Posgraduados, Km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bautista-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Salvador Acosta-Castellanos
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tania Raymundo
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, CDMX, Mexico
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12
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Fedosov V, Fedorova A, Ignatova E, Kučera J. New Taxonomic Arrangement of Dicranella s.l. and Aongstroemia s.l. (Dicranidae, Bryophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 36987046 PMCID: PMC10052081 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent molecular phylogenetic study of the families Aongstroemiaceae and Dicranellaceae, which resolved the genera Aongstroemia and Dicranella as polyphyletic, indicated the need for changes in their circumscription and provided new morphological evidence to support the formal description of newly recognized lineages. Following up on these results, the present study adds another molecular marker, the highly informative trnK-psbA region, to a subset of previously analyzed taxa and presents molecular data from newly analyzed austral representatives of Dicranella and collections of Dicranella-like plants from North Asia. The molecular data are linked with morphological traits, particularly the leaf shape, tuber morphology, and capsule and peristome characters. Based on this multi-proxy evidence, we propose three new families (Dicranellopsidaceae, Rhizogemmaceae, and Ruficaulaceae) and six new genera (Bryopalisotia, Calcidicranella, Dicranellopsis, Protoaongstroemia, Rhizogemma, and Ruficaulis) to accommodate the described species according to the revealed phylogenetic affinities. Additionally, we amend the circumscriptions of the families Aongstroemiaceae and Dicranellaceae, as well as the genera Aongstroemia and Dicranella. In addition to the monotypic Protoaongstroemia that contains the newly described dicranelloid plant with a 2-3-layered distal leaf portion from Pacific Russia, P. sachalinensis, Dicranella thermalis is described for a D. heteromalla-like plant from the same region. Fourteen new combinations, including one new status change, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Fedosov
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Botanical Garden-Institute, FEB RAS, 690024 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alina Fedorova
- Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Ignatova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Kučera
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Hajrudinović-Bogunić A, Frajman B, Schönswetter P, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Bogunić F. Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030380. [PMID: 36979072 PMCID: PMC10045669 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of polyploidisation, hybridization, and apomixis contributed to the exceptional diversity of Sorbus (Rosaceae), giving rise to a mosaic of genetic and morphological entities. The Sorbus austriaca species complex from the mountains of Central and South-eastern Europe represents an allopolyploid apomictic system of populations that originated following hybridisation between S. aria and S. aucuparia. However, the mode and frequency of such allopolyploidisations and the relationships among different, morphologically more or less similar populations that have often been described as different taxa remain largely unexplored. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequencing, and analyses of nuclear microsatellites, along with multivariate morphometrics and ploidy data, to disentangle the relationships among populations within this intricate complex. Our results revealed a mosaic of genetic lineages—many of which have not been taxonomically recognised—that originated via multiple allopolyploidisations. The clonal structure within and among populations was then maintained via apomixis. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Božo Frajman
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Peter Schönswetter
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Faruk Bogunić
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (F.B.)
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14
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Aguado-Ramsay P, Draper I, Garilleti R, Flagmeier M, Lara F. Codonoblepharonteae, a New Major Lineage among Orthotrichoideae (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3557. [PMID: 36559669 PMCID: PMC9781468 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Orthotrichoideae aggregates epiphytic mosses widespread throughout temperate regions and high tropical mountains of the world. Recently, important advances have been made in elucidating its phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns. Fourteen genera are currently recognized within the subfamily, which are spread over two main tribes: Orthotricheae, comprising Orthotrichinae and Lewinskyinae, and Zygodonteae. Despite the progress, some groups have received little attention, as is the case of genus Codonoblepharon. Recent studies have suggested that this genus may represent a separate lineage from Zygodonteae, in which it traditionally has been considered. Although, none of the studies were conclusive as they did not include a representative sampling of the Codonoblepharon species. This work aims to evaluate the taxonomic position of Codonoblepharon and its phylogenetic relationships within Orthotrichoideae. For this purpose, we present an updated phylogenetic tree based on four different loci, one belonging to the nuclear genome (ITS2) and the rest to the plastid genome (rps4, trnG and trnL-F). The phylogenetic reconstruction recovers all samples of Codonoblepharon in a monophyletic group, sister to the rest of the subfamily, constituting a lineage independent of the two currently recognized tribes. For this reason, we propose the new tribe Codonoblepharonteae to accommodate Codonoblepharon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aguado-Ramsay
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Draper
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Garilleti
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maren Flagmeier
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Lara
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gnutikov AA, Nosov NN, Koroleva TM, Punina EO, Probatova NS, Shneyer VS, Rodionov AV. Origin of the Rare Hybrid Genus × Trisetokoeleria Tzvelev ( Poaceae) According to Molecular Phylogenetic Data. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3533. [PMID: 36559646 PMCID: PMC9782799 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In our article, we analyzed new data on the origin of the hybrid genus ×Trisetokoeleria. According to the morphological criteria ×T. jurtzevii is a hybrid between Koeleria asiatica s. l. and Trisetum spicatum, ×T. taimyrica, and originated from Koeleria asiatica s. l. and Trisetum subalpestre, ×T. gorodkowii, a hybrid between Koeleria asiatica and Trisetum ruprechtianum. Later ×T. taimyrica was transferred to Koeleria. Parental taxa are prone to active hybridization themselves, thus, new methods of next-generation sequencing (NGS) were needed to clarify the relationships of these genera. For NGS we used the fragment 18S rDNA (part)-ITS1-5.8S rDNA (totally 441 accessions). We analyzed ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region, trnL-trnF and trnK-rps16 from eight samples of the five species, using the Sanger method: ×Trisetokoeleria jurtzevii, ×T. taimyrica, Koeleria asiatica, Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (=Trisetum sibiricum), and Trisetum spicatum. We also studied the pollen fertility of ×Trisetokoeleria and its possible progenitors. Our data partly contradicted previous assumptions, based on morphological grounds, and showed us a picture of developed introgression within and between Koeleria and Trisetum. ×T. jurtzevii, a totally sterile hybrid formed rather recently. We can suppose that ×T. jurtzevii is a hybrid between K. asiatica and some Trisetum s. str. Species, but not T. spicatum. ×T. gorodkowii, a hybrid in the stage of primary stabilization; it has one unique ribotype related to T. spicatum s. l. The second parental species is unrelated to Trisetum ruprechtianum. ×T. taimyrica and is a stabilized hybrid species; it shares major ribotypes with the T. spicatum/T. wrangelense group and has a minor fraction of rDNA related to genus Deyeuxia s. l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Gnutikov
- Department of Genetic Resources of Oat, Barley, Rye, Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai N. Nosov
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Koroleva
- Laboratory of Geography and Vegetation Mapping, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta O. Punina
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina S. Probatova
- Laboratory of Botany, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Victoria S. Shneyer
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Rodionov
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Taghipour E, Bog M, Frootan F, Shojaei S, Rad N, Arezoumandi M, Jafari M, Salmanian AH. DNA barcoding and biomass accumulation rates of native Iranian duckweed species for biotechnological applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1034238. [PMID: 36523621 PMCID: PMC9744944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Lemnaceae family (duckweed) consists of at least three recognized genera with six reported species in Iran that are distributed in wetlands. Duckweeds are the simplest and smallest flowering aquatic monocots with free-floating fronds that can reproduce asexually every 2-3 days. Duckweed could be a major source of balanced amino acids and high protein content, which is increasingly promising for biotechnological applications. For molecular classification and species identification of the collected samples, DNA barcoding was performed using two standard chloroplast markers, the spacer region between the ATP synthase subunits F and H (atpF-atpH) and the intron region of the ribosomal protein S16 (rps16). The results confirm the presence of four species belonging to the two genera Lemna and Spirodela. In addition, L. turionifera was detected for the first time in Iran. Due to the high growth rates of duckweed, measurement of biomass accumulation and doubling time are important factors in determining growth potential, especially for native species. The relative growth rates (RGR), doubling times (DT), biomass accumulation, and relative weekly yields (RY) of 40 distinct duckweed clones were determined under standard cultivation conditions. The dry weight-based RGR ranged from 0.149 to more than 0.600 per day, DT from 1.12 to 9 days, and RY from 7 to 108.9 per week. All values are comparable with previous studies. RGR and RY of selected clones are higher than the growth potential for a wide range of wild plants and common crops. These data support that native duckweed has high productivity value and should be further investigated as a potentially rich protein source for alternative human food, livestock feed, and recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Taghipour
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manuela Bog
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fateme Frootan
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shojaei
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rad
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Arezoumandi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyat Jafari
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Seidl A, Tremetsberger K, Pfanzelt S, Lindhuber L, Kropf M, Neuffer B, Blattner FR, Király G, Smirnov SV, Friesen N, Shmakov AI, Plenk K, Batlai O, Hurka H, Bernhardt KG. Genotyping-by-sequencing reveals range expansion of Adonis vernalis (Ranunculaceae) from Southeastern Europe into the zonal Euro-Siberian steppe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19074. [PMID: 36352030 PMCID: PMC9646736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Euro-Siberian steppe flora consists of warm- and cold-adapted species, which may have responded differently to Pleistocene glacials and interglacials. Genotyping-by-sequencing individuals from across the distribution range of the pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis), we aimed to gain insight into steppe florogenesis based on the species' evolutionary history. Although the primary area of origin of the species group comprising A. vernalis, A. villosa and A. volgensis is in Asia, our results indicate that recent populations of A. vernalis are not of Asian origin but evolved in the southern part of Europe during the Pleistocene, with Spanish populations clearly genetically distinct from the Southeastern European populations. We inferred that A. vernalis migrated eastwards from the sub-Mediterranean forest-steppes of Southeastern Europe into the continental forest-steppe zone. Eastern European populations had the highest private allelic richness, indicating long-term large population sizes in this region. As a thermophilic species, A. vernalis seems unlikely to have survived in the cold deserts of the Last Glacial Maximum in Western Siberia, so this region was likely (re)colonized postglacially. Overall, our results reinforce the importance of identifying the area of origin and the corresponding ecological requirements of steppe plants in order to understand the composition of today's steppe flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seidl
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Tremetsberger
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Pfanzelt
- grid.418934.30000 0001 0943 9907Experimental Taxonomy, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany ,Present Address: Botanical Garden München-Nymphenburg, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Lindhuber
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kropf
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Neuffer
- grid.10854.380000 0001 0672 4366School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Frank R. Blattner
- grid.418934.30000 0001 0943 9907Experimental Taxonomy, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gergely Király
- grid.410548.c0000 0001 1457 0694Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Sergey V. Smirnov
- grid.77225.350000000112611077South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Nikolai Friesen
- grid.10854.380000 0001 0672 4366Botanical Garden of the Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexander I. Shmakov
- grid.77225.350000000112611077South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Kristina Plenk
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oyuntsetseg Batlai
- grid.260731.10000 0001 2324 0259Department of Biology, School of Arts and Science, National University of Mongolia, 14201 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Herbert Hurka
- grid.10854.380000 0001 0672 4366School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Karl-Georg Bernhardt
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Konowalik K. Phylogeography and colonization pattern of subendemic round-leaved oxeye daisy from the Dinarides to the Carpathians. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16443. [PMID: 36180475 PMCID: PMC9525303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carpathians are an important biodiversity hotspot and a link between mountain ranges on the European continent. This study investigated the phylogeography of one the Carpathian subendemics, Leucanthemum rotundifolium, which is distributed throughout the range and in one isolated population outside it. Range-wide sampling was used to examine phylogeographic patterns by sequencing uniparentally inherited chloroplast markers that exemplify seed dispersal. Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies (RASP) software, Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo (BBM) analysis, and ecological niche modeling based on concatenated results of five algorithms were used to infer migration routes and examine links with other species through phylogeny. The round-leaved oxeye daisy is an example of organisms that reached the Carpathians through a southern "Dacian" migration route, most probably through long-distance dispersal. Dating placed the events in the Pleistocene and supported migrations during cooler periods and stasis/isolation followed by separation in the interglacials. Haplotype diversification indicated that after L. rotundifolium reached the area around the Fagaras Mountains, several migration events occurred leading to colonization of the Southern Carpathians followed by migration to the Apuseni Mountains, the Eastern Carpathians, and finally the Western Carpathians. The results are consistent with previous phylogeographic studies in this region and indicate several novel patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Konowalik
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, PL-50-363, Wroclaw, Poland.
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González M, Kacevas N, Nori J, Piacentini LN, Bidegaray-Batista L. Not the same: phylogenetic relationships and ecological niche comparisons between two different forms of Aglaoctenus lagotis from Argentina and Uruguay. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Fujiwara T, Egashira T, Gutiérrez-Ortega JS, Hori K, Ebihara A, Watano Y. Establishment of an allotetraploid fern species, Lepisorus yamaokae Seriz., between two highly niche-differentiated parental species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1456-1471. [PMID: 35938973 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The successful establishment of polyploid species is hypothesized to be promoted by niche differentiation from the parental species or by range shifts during climate oscillations. However, few studies have considered both of these factors simultaneously. We resolved the origin of a tetraploid fern, Lepisorus yamaokae, and explored a pattern of niche differentiation among the allotetraploid and parental species in past and current climates. METHODS We reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on plastid marker and single-copy nuclear genes to resolve the allopolyploid origin of L. yamaokae. We also evaluated climatic niche differentiation among L. yamaokae and its two parental species using species distribution models in geographic space and principal component analysis. RESULTS We infer that L. yamaokae had a single allotetraploid origin from L. annuifrons and L. uchiyamae. Climatic niche analyses show that the parental species currently occupy different niche spaces. The predicted distribution of the parental species at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) suggests more opportunities for hybridization during the LGM or during other recent temporary range shifts. Lepisorus yamaokae has a narrower niche than the additive niche of the parental species. We also observed niche conservatism in L. yamaokae. CONCLUSIONS Range shifts of the parental species during climatic oscillations in the Quaternary likely facilitated the formation and establishment of L. yamaokae. Further, the genetic intermediacy of L. yamaokae may have enabled a niche shift in its microenvironment, resulting in its successful establishment without a macroclimatic niche shift in L. yamaokae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fujiwara
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Egashira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Hori
- The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6 Godaisan, Kochi, 781-8125, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Watano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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Fassou G, Korotkova N, Nersesyan A, Koch MA, Dimopoulos P, Borsch T. Taxonomy of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) - overall phylogenetic relationships and assessment of species diversity based on a first comprehensive checklist of the genus. PHYTOKEYS 2022; 196:91-214. [PMID: 36762028 PMCID: PMC9849041 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an overall phylogenetic framework for Dianthus using four plastid regions (matK-trnK-psbA, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-rps16) and nuclear ITS and a species-level checklist for the genus developed by using all available databases and the literature. The trees from the plastid dataset depict a clade of Dianthus that also includes Velezia and a few taxa of Petrorhagia. New combinations in Dianthus are provided for these species. The checklist of Dianthus in this new delimitation covers 1781 names, with 384 accepted species, 150 subspecies, 12 heterotypic varieties and two forms (not counting autonyms), 1050 synonyms, 22 hybrid names and 172 unresolved names, 3 names were excluded. Implications for the evolution of flower characters, life forms, biogeography, as well as sectional classification are discussed based on the phylogenetic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fassou
- University of Patras, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Patras, Achaia GR-26504, GreeceUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
| | - Nadja Korotkova
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6–8, 14195 Berlin, GermanyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anush Nersesyan
- A. Takhtajyan Institute of Botany, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Acharyan st. 1, 0040 Yerevan, ArmeniaA. Takhtajyan Institute of Botany, Armenian National Academy of SciencesYerevanArmenia
| | - Marcus A. Koch
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics/Botanic Garden and Herbarium Heidelberg (HEID), University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Panayotis Dimopoulos
- University of Patras, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Patras, Achaia GR-26504, GreeceUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
| | - Thomas Borsch
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6–8, 14195 Berlin, GermanyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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Scoppola A, Cardoni S, Marcussen T, Simeone MC. Complex Scenarios of Reticulation, Polyploidization, and Species Diversity within Annual Pansies of Subsect. Bracteolatae (Viola Sect. Melanium, Violaceae) in Italy: Insights from 5S-IGS High-Throughput Sequencing and Plastid DNA Variation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101294. [PMID: 35631718 PMCID: PMC9147628 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Viola sect. Melanium, the so-called pansy, is an allopolyploid morphologically well-defined lineage of ca. 110 perennial and annual species in the northern hemisphere, characterized by markedly complex genomic configurations. Five annual pansies occur in Italy, four of which are morphologically very similar and belong to the informal ‘V. tricolor species complex’: V. arvensis (2n = 34), V. hymettia (2n = 16), V. kitaibeliana (2n = 16), and V. tricolor (2n = 26). Their field recognition is difficult and reflects a long-debated taxonomy often resulting in doubtful records in field inventories and across European herbaria. The current lack of comprehensive intra- and interspecific comparative studies and a relative scarcity of appropriate genetic markers coupled with unambiguous cytological descriptions are hindering clear taxa circumscription and phylogenetic inferences within this group. In this work, we tested DNA sequence variation of three highly variable plastid markers and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of the nuclear ribosomal 5S-IGS region in an attempt to decipher species identity within the V. tricolor species complex and to obtain an insight on their genome organization and evolution. Our results document the close relationships within this species group, a reliable molecular resolution for V. tricolor, and the common ancestry of V. arvensis and the poorly differentiated V. kitaibeliana and V. hymettia. Evidence of an important inter-population geographical divergence was recorded in V. tricolor and V. arvensis, pointing at the existence of different eco-cytotypes within these entities. Overall diversity patterns and the occurrence of two to four differently diverging 5S-IGS lineages are discussed in the light of the acknowledged taxonomy and genomic evolutive trajectories of sect. Melanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scoppola
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Simone Cardoni
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Marcussen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Marco Cosimo Simeone
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.S.)
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Fedosov VE, Shkurko AV, Fedorova AV, Ignatova EA, Solovyeva EN, Brinda JC, Ignatov MS, Kučera J. Need for split: integrative taxonomy reveals unnoticed diversity in the subaquatic species of Pseudohygrohypnum (Pylaisiaceae, Bryophyta). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13260. [PMID: 35497188 PMCID: PMC9053303 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an integrative molecular and morphological study of subaquatic representatives of the genus Pseudohygrohypnum (Pylaisiaceae, Bryophyta), supplemented by distribution modelling of the revealed phylogenetic lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and plastid datasets combined with the assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) algorithm revealed eight distinct species within the traditionally circumscribed P. eugyrium and P. subeugyrium. These species are therefore yet another example of seemingly widely distributed taxa that harbour molecularly well-differentiated lineages with narrower distribution ranges. Studied accessions that were previously assigned to P. eugyrium form three clearly allopatric lineages, associated with temperate regions of Europe, eastern North America and eastern Asia. Remarkably, accessions falling under the current morphological concept of P. subeugyrium were shown to be even more diverse, containing five phylogenetic lineages. Three of these lineages occur under harsh Asian continental climates from cool-temperate to Arctic regions, while the remaining two, referred to P. subeugyrium s.str. and P. purpurascens, have more oceanic North Atlantic and East Asian distributions. Niche identity and similarity tests suggested no similarity in the distributions of the phylogenetically related lineages but revealed the identity of two East Asian species and the similarity of two pairs of unrelated species. A morphological survey confirmed the distinctness of all eight phylogenetic lineages, requiring the description of five new species. Pseudohygrohypnum appalachianum and P. orientale are described for North American and East Asian plants of P. eugyrium s.l., while P. sibiricum, P. subarcticum and P. neglectum are described for the three continental, predominantly Asian lineages of P. subeugyrium s.l. Our results highlight the importance of nontropical Asia as a center of bryophyte diversity. Phylogenic dating suggests that the diversification of subaquatic Pseudohygrohypnum lineages appeared in late Miocene, while mesophilous species of the genus split before Miocene cooling, in climatic conditions close to those where the ancestor of Pseudohygrohypnum appeared. We speculate that radiation of the P. subeugyrium complex in temperate Asia might have been driven by progressive cooling, aridification, and increases in seasonality, temperature and humidity gradients. Our results parallel those of several integrative taxonomic studies of North Asian mosses, which have resulted in a number of newly revealed species. These include various endemics from continental areas of Asia suggesting that the so-called Rapoport's rule of low diversity and wide distribution range in subpolar regions might not be applicable to bryophytes. Rather, the strong climatic oscillations in these regions may have served as a driving force of speciation and niche divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Fedosov
- Botanical Garden-Institute, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena A. Ignatova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Michael S. Ignatov
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Kučera
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Veronica Subgenus Pentasepalae (Plantaginaceae): Evidence for Its Origin and Subsequent Dispersal. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050639. [PMID: 35625367 PMCID: PMC9138021 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region is considered a biodiversity reservoir for adjacent regions. The present phylogeographic study suggests that Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae originated in the Iranian plateau and was dispersed via a North African route to the Mediterranean and the Euro-Siberian regions. These findings highlight the importance of the Iranian plateau as a center of origin for many temperate plant species. Our results also resolve several taxonomic and phylogenetic issues surrounding the Southwest Asian species of this subgenus. Abstract Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae is the largest subgenus of Veronica in the Northern Hemisphere with approximately 80 species mainly from Southwest Asia. In order to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the members of V. subgenus Pentasepalae and to test the “out of the Iranian plateau” hypothesis, we applied thorough taxonomic sampling, employing nuclear DNA (ITS) sequence data complimented with morphological studies and chromosome number counts. Several high or moderately supported clades are reconstructed, but the backbone of the phylogenetic tree is generally unresolved, and many Southwest Asian species are scattered along a large polytomy. It is proposed that rapid diversification of the Irano-Turanian species in allopatric glacial refugia and a relatively high rate of extinction during interglacial periods resulted in such phylogenetic topology. The highly variable Asian V. orientalis–V. multifida complex formed a highly polyphyletic assemblage, emphasizing the idea of cryptic speciation within this group. The phylogenetic results allow the re-assignment of two species into this subgenus. In addition, V. bombycina subsp. bolkardaghensis, V. macrostachya subsp. schizostegia and V. fuhsii var. linearis are raised to species rank and the new name V. parsana is proposed for the latter. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstructions indicate a divergence age of about 9 million years ago and a place of origin on the Iranian Plateau. Migration to the Western Mediterranean region has likely taken place through a North African route during early quaternary glacial times. This study supports the assumption of the Irano-Turanian region as a source of taxa for neighboring regions, particularly in the alpine flora.
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Crespo LC, Silva I, Enguídanos A, Cardoso P, Arnedo M. Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species. Zookeys 2022; 1086:84-135. [PMID: 35221746 PMCID: PMC8866340 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their ability for aerial dispersal using silk and preference for open habitats, many wolf spiders are formidable colonisers. Pioneering arachnologists were already aware of the large and colourful wolf spiders in the Madeira archipelago, currently included in the genus Hogna Simon, 1885. The origins were investigated and species boundaries of Madeiran Hogna examined by integrating target-gene and morphological information. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of a thorough sampling across wolf-spider diversity suggested a single origin of Madeiran endemics, albeit with low support. Divergence time estimation traced back their origin to the late Miocene, a time of major global cooling that drove the expansion of grasslands and the associated fauna. Morphological examination of types and newly collected material revealed a new species, hereby described as H.isambertoi Crespo, sp. nov. Additionally, H.blackwalli is revalidated and three new synonymies are proposed, namely H.biscoitoi Wunderlich, 1992, junior synonym of H.insularum Kulczynski, 1899, H.schmitzi Wunderlich, 1992, junior synonym of H.maderiana (Walckenaer, 1837), and Arctosamaderana Roewer, 1960 junior synonym of H.ferox (Lucas, 1838). Species delimitation analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear markers provided additional support for morphological delineations. The species pair H.insularum and H.maderiana, however, constituted an exception: the lack of exclusive haplotypes in the examined markers, along with the discovery of intermediate forms, pointed to hybridisation between these two species as reported in other congeneric species on islands. Finally, the conservation status of the species is discussed and candidates for immediate conservation efforts are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C Crespo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Isamberto Silva
- Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botânico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, Bom Sucesso, 9064-512, Funchal, Portugal Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botânico da Madeira Funchal Portugal
| | - Alba Enguídanos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Gallego MT, Cano MJ, Jiménez JA, Guerra J. Circumscription and Phylogenetic Position of Two Propagulose Species of Syntrichia (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) Reveals Minor Realignments within the Tribe Syntricheae. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050626. [PMID: 35270096 PMCID: PMC8912676 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the course of a worldwide revision of the genus Syntrichia, we identified problems in the circumscription of some species of the genus as well as among some allied genera grouped in the tribe Syntricheae. This is the case for the two propagulose Syntrichia amphidiacea and S. gemmascens, closely related to Streptopogon. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships between these species, based on nuclear (ITS) and two plastid (trnL-F and trnG) markers and morphological features. Species delimitation using molecular data was consistent with our preliminary morphological inference. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Our results placed Syntrichia amphidiacea in the Streptopogon clade. Syntrichia gemmascens is also included in Streptopogon in spite of the discrepancy of the ITS and plastid relationships, which could be evidence of an exchange of genetic material between species in various lineages in the Pottioideae. Streptopogon is maintained as a separate genus on the basis of morphology characters, and we consider the differentiation of laminal papillae and the presence of a stem central strand as new characters in the genus. We accept Sagenotortula as distinct genus sister to Syntrichia. We consider the lack of costal dorsal epidermis and the differentiation of a crescent-shaped costal dorsal stereid band as distinctive generic characters in Syntrichia. Additionally, we include Syntrichia percarnosa as a new synonym for S. breviseta. Three names are lectotypified.
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Dimitrov D, Bolzern A, Arnedo M. Bringing Tegenaria boitanii stat. rev. back to life with a review of the Tegenaria percuriosa-complex (Araneae: Agelenidae), description of a new species and insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.2012297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragomir Dimitrov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Angelo Bolzern
- Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, 4001, Switzerland
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Yin ZJ, Wang ZH, Kilian N, Liu Y, Peng H, Zhao MX. Mojiangia oreophila (Crepidinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species and genus from Mojiang County, SW Yunnan, China, and putative successor of the maternal Faberia ancestor. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:83-93. [PMID: 35281119 PMCID: PMC8897168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A single small population of chasmophytic plants is described as M ojiangia oreophila, a monotypic genus in the subtribe Crepidinae, characterised by a unique combination of morphological features, in particular densely long-papillose homomorphic achenes with five main ribs each accompanied by two secondary ribs, coarse brownish pappus bristles, moderately many-flowered capitula, a small involucre with numerous outer phyllaries, perennial rosette herb growth and brown-woolly caudex and leaf axils. Molecular phylogenetic analysis detected that in the nrITS phylogeny M. oreophila forms a clade of its own in the Crepidinae; in the plastid DNA phylogeny it is nested in the clade formed by the hybridogenous genus Faberia, the maternal ancestor of which comes from the Crepidinae and the paternal ancestor from the Lactucinae, where Faberia is placed in nrITS phylogenies. M. oreophila shares several morphological features with Faberia and also shares the expected chromosome number of 2n = 16 with its hitherto unknown maternal ancestor. M. oreophila may therefore be a successor of the maternal ancestor of Faberia. Alternatively, cytonuclear discordance is to be assumed in Mojiangia, caused by chloroplast capture as a result of hybridisation and introgression with Faberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Yin
- China Forest Exploration and Design Institute in Kunming, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Ze-Huan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Cultivation, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Norbert Kilian
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhao
- China Forest Exploration and Design Institute in Kunming, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
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The evolutionary history of the Caribbean magnolias (Magnoliaceae): Testing species delimitations and biogeographical hypotheses using molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107359. [PMID: 34793981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean islands provide an ideal setting for studying biodiversity, given their complex geological and environmental history, and their historical and current geographical proximity to the American mainland. Magnolia, a flagship tree genus that has 15 endemic and threatened taxa (12 species and 3 subspecies) on the Caribbean islands, offers an excellent case study to empirically test Caribbean biogeographical hypotheses. We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses to: (1) reveal their evolutionary history, (2) test the current largely morphology-based classification and assess species limits, and (3) investigate major biogeographic hypotheses proposed for the region. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data of all 15 Caribbean Magnolia taxa are included, supplemented by a selection of American mainland species, and species representing most major clades of the Magnoliaceae family. We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses in a time-calibrated Bayesian framework, supplemented with haplotype network analyses and ancestral range estimations. Genetic synapomorphies in the studied markers confirm the species limits of 14 out of 15 morphologically recognizable Caribbean Magnolia taxa. There is evidence for four colonization events of Magnolia into the Caribbean from the American mainland, which most likely occurred by overwater dispersal, given age estimates of maximum 16 mya for their presence on the Caribbean islands.
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Hedenäs L. Incipient speciation in Scandinavian Distichium capillaceum (Distichiaceae, Bryophyta). LINDBERGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.25227/linbg.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hedenäs
- L. Hedenäs (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-1696) ✉ , Dept of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hedenäs L, Hylander K, Lönnell N, Bisang I. Genetic variation and reproductive patterns in wetland mosses suggest efficient initial colonization of disturbed sites. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15846-15859. [PMID: 34824794 PMCID: PMC8601880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand colonization processes, it is critical to fully assess the role of dispersal in shaping biogeographical patterns at the gene, individual, population, and community levels. We test two alternative hypotheses (H I and H II) for the colonization of disturbed sites by clonal plants, by analyzing intraspecific genetic variation in one and reproductive traits in two typical fen mosses with separate sexes and intermittent spore dispersal, comparing disturbed, early-succession (limed) fens and late-successional rich fens. H I suggests initial colonization of disturbed sites by diverse genotypes of which fewer remain in late-successional fens and an initially balanced sex ratio that develops into a possibly skewed population sex ratio. H II suggests initial colonization by few genotypes and gradual accumulation of additional genotypes and an initially skewed sex ratio that alters into the species-specific sex ratio, during succession. Under both scenarios, we expect enhanced sexual reproduction in late-successional fens due to resource gains and decreased intermate distances when clones expand. We show that the intraspecific genetic diversity, assessed by two molecular markers, in Scorpidium cossonii was higher and the genetic variation among sites was smaller in disturbed than late-successional rich fens. Sex ratio was balanced in S. cossonii and Campylium stellatum in disturbed fens and skewed in C. stellatum in late-successional fens, thus supporting H I. In line with our prediction, sex expression incidence was higher in, and sporophytes were confined to, late-succession compared to disturbed rich fens. Late-successional S. cossonii sites had more within-site patches with two or more genotypes, and both species displayed higher sex expression levels in late-successional than in disturbed sites. We conclude that diverse genotypes and both sexes disperse efficiently to, and successfully colonize new sites, while patterns of genetic variation and sexual reproduction in late-successional rich fens are gradually shaped by local conditions and interactions over extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hedenäs
- Department of BotanySwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas Lönnell
- SLU Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Irene Bisang
- Department of BotanySwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
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Escobari B, Borsch T, Quedensley TS, Gruenstaeudl M. Plastid phylogenomics of the Gynoxoid group (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) highlights the importance of motif-based sequence alignment amid low genetic distances. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2235-2256. [PMID: 34636417 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The genus Gynoxys and relatives form a species-rich lineage of Andean shrubs and trees with low genetic distances within the sunflower subtribe Tussilaginineae. Previous molecular phylogenetic investigations of the Tussilaginineae have included few, if any, representatives of this Gynoxoid group or reconstructed ambiguous patterns of relationships for it. METHODS We sequenced complete plastid genomes of 21 species of the Gynoxoid group and related Tussilaginineae and conducted detailed comparisons of the phylogenetic relationships supported by the gene, intron, and intergenic spacer partitions of these genomes. We also evaluated the impact of manual, motif-based adjustments of automatic DNA sequence alignments on phylogenetic tree inference. RESULTS Our results indicate that the inclusion of all plastid genome partitions is needed to infer well-supported phylogenetic trees of the Gynoxoid group. Whole plastome-based tree inference suggests that the genera Gynoxys and Nordenstamia are polyphyletic and form the core clade of the Gynoxoid group. This clade is sister to a clade of Aequatorium and Paragynoxys and also includes some but not all representatives of Paracalia. CONCLUSIONS The concatenation and combined analysis of all plastid genome partitions and the construction of manually-curated, motif-based DNA sequence alignments are found to be instrumental in the recovery of well-supported relationships of the Gynoxoid group. We demonstrate that the correct assessment of homology in genome-level plastid sequence data sets is crucial for subsequent phylogeny reconstruction and that the manual post-processing of multiple sequence alignments improves the reliability of such reconstructions amid low genetic distances between taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Escobari
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Casilla, La Paz, 10077, Bolivia
| | - Thomas Borsch
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Taylor S Quedensley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Michael Gruenstaeudl
- Institut für Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Undiscovered Biodiversity of the European Moss Flora: Neodicranella hamulosa (Aongstroemiaceae), a New Genus and Species from SW Portugal. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112289. [PMID: 34834650 PMCID: PMC8621727 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new genus is described to accommodate Neodicranella hamulosa, a novel species resolved in the family Aongstroemiaceae, from the Monchiquense district in SW Portugal. Characterized by its small size, erect spreading to subsecund non-sheathing leaves, plane bistratose leaf margins, and rhizoidal gemmae with slightly protruberant cells, it differs from all other European Dicranellaceae in the uniquely patterned distal peristome segments with backward-pointing papillae resembling hooked barbs. The species appears to be endemic to the sub-Mediterranean bioclimatic zone, in wooded biomes where humidity remains relatively high throughout the year. Morphological and molecular data strongly support the singularity of this new taxon. The species is illustrated by photomicrographs and SEM, and its ecology and conservation are discussed.
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Duarte MA, Fernandes CR, Heckel G, da Luz Mathias M, Bastos-Silveira C. Variation and Selection in the Putative Sperm-Binding Region of ZP3 in Muroid Rodents: A Comparison between Cricetids and Murines. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091450. [PMID: 34573431 PMCID: PMC8469249 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) is considered a primary sperm receptor of the oocyte and is hypothesized to be involved in reproductive isolation. We investigated patterns of diversity and selection in the putative sperm-binding region (pSBR) of mouse ZP3 across Cricetidae and Murinae, two hyperdiverse taxonomic groups within muroid rodents. In murines, the pSBR is fairly conserved, in particular the serine-rich stretch containing the glycosylation sites proposed as essential for sperm binding. In contrast, cricetid amino acid sequences of the pSBR were much more variable and the serine-rich motif, typical of murines, was generally substantially modified. Overall, our results suggest a general lack of species specificity of the pSBR across the two muroid families. We document statistical evidence of positive selection acting on exons 6 and 7 of ZP3 and identified several amino acid sites that are likely targets of selection, with most positively selected sites falling within or adjacent to the pSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Alexandra Duarte
- Champalimaud Centre for the Uknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, Lisboa, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Estudos de Ambiente e Mar, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Rodríguez Fernandes
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.F.); (C.B.-S.)
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Batiment Amphipole, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Estudos de Ambiente e Mar, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiane Bastos-Silveira
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.F.); (C.B.-S.)
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Echevarría LY, De la Riva I, Venegas PJ, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, R Dias I, Castroviejo-Fisher S. Total evidence and sensitivity phylogenetic analyses of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae). Cladistics 2021; 37:375-401. [PMID: 34478194 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the phylogenetic relationships of egg-brooding frogs, a group of 118 neotropical species, unique among anurans by having embryos with large bell-shaped gills and females carrying their eggs on the dorsum, exposed or inside a pouch. We assembled a total evidence dataset of published and newly generated data containing 51 phenotypic characters and DNA sequences of 20 loci for 143 hemiphractids and 127 outgroup terminals. We performed six analytical strategies combining different optimality criteria (parsimony and maximum likelihood), alignment methods (tree- and similarity-alignment), and three different indel coding schemes (fifth character state, unknown nucleotide, and presence/absence characters matrix). Furthermore, we analyzed a subset of the total evidence dataset to evaluate the impact of phenotypic characters on hemiphractid phylogenetic relationships. Our main results include: (i) monophyly of Hemiphractidae and its six genera for all our analyses, novel relationships among hemiphractid genera, and non-monophyly of Hemiphractinae according to our preferred phylogenetic hypothesis; (ii) non-monophyly of current supraspecific taxonomies of Gastrotheca, an updated taxonomy is provided; (iii) previous differences among studies were mainly caused by differences in analytical factors, not by differences in character/taxon sampling; (iv) optimality criteria, alignment method, and indel coding caused differences among optimal topologies, in that order of degree; (v) in most cases, parsimony analyses are more sensitive to the addition of phenotypic data than maximum likelihood analyses; (vi) adding phenotypic data resulted in an increase of shared clades for most analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Y Echevarría
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Santa Rita No. 105 Of. 202, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Pablo J Venegas
- División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Santa Rita No. 105 Of. 202, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Iuri R Dias
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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Culshaw V, Villaverde T, Mairal M, Olsson S, Sanmartín I. Rare and widespread: integrating Bayesian MCMC approaches, Sanger sequencing and Hyb-Seq phylogenomics to reconstruct the origin of the enigmatic Rand Flora genus Camptoloma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1673-1691. [PMID: 34550605 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Genera that are widespread, with geographically discontinuous distributions and represented by few species, are intriguing. Is their achieved disjunct distribution recent or ancient in origin? Why are they species-poor? The Rand Flora is a continental-scale pattern in which closely related species appear codistributed in isolated regions over the continental margins of Africa. Genus Camptoloma (Scrophulariaceae) is the most notable example, comprising three species isolated from each other on the northwest, eastern, and southwest Africa. METHODS We employed Sanger sequencing of nuclear and plastid markers, together with genomic target sequencing of 2190 low-copy nuclear genes, to infer interspecies relationships and the position of Camptoloma within Scrophulariaceae by using supermatrix and multispecies-coalescent approaches. Lineage divergence times and ancestral ranges were inferred with Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches. The population history was estimated with phylogeographic coalescent methods. RESULTS Camptoloma rotundifolium, restricted to Southern Africa, was shown to be a sister species to the disjunct clade formed by C. canariense, endemic to the Canary Islands, and C. lyperiiflorum, distributed in the Horn of Africa-Southern Arabia. Camptoloma was inferred to be sister to the mostly South African tribes Teedieae and Buddlejeae. Stem divergence was dated in the Late Miocene, while the origin of the extant disjunction was inferred as Early Pliocene. CONCLUSIONS The current disjunct distribution of Camptoloma across Africa was likely the result of fragmentation and extinction and/or population bottlenecking events associated with historical aridification cycles during the Neogene; the pattern of species divergence, from south to north, is consistent with the "climatic refugia" Rand Flora hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Culshaw
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Tamara Villaverde
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2, Madrid, 28014, Spain
- Department of Botany, Universidad de Almeria, Carretera Sacramento, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - Mario Mairal
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanna Olsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Centre, INIA-CIFOR, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2, Madrid, 28014, Spain
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Bechteler J, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Glenny D, Cargill DC, Maul K, Schütz N, von Konrat M, Quandt D, Nebel M. The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 165:107298. [PMID: 34464738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among liverworts, the epiphytic lifestyle is not only present in leafy forms but also in thalloid liverworts, which so far has received little attention in evolutionary and biogeographical studies. Metzgeria, with about 107 species worldwide, is the only genus of thalloid liverworts that comprises true epiphytes. In the present study, we provide the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny, including estimated divergence times and ancestral ranges of this genus. Analyses are based on a plastid marker dataset representing about half of the Metzgeria species diversity. We show for the first time with molecular data that Austrometzgeria is indeed a member of Metzgeria and that two morpho-species M. furcata and M. leptoneura are not monophyletic, but rather represent geographically well-defined clades. Our analyses indicate that Metzgeria started to diversify in the Cretaceous in an area encompassing today's South America and Australasia. Thus, Metzgeria is one of the few known epiphytic liverwort genera whose biogeographic history was directly shaped by Gondwana vicariance. Subsequent dispersal events in the Cenozoic resulted in the colonization of Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe and led to today's worldwide distribution of its species. We also provide the first reliable stem age estimate for Metzgeria due to the inclusion of its sister taxon Vandiemenia in our dating analyses. Additionally, this stem age estimate of about 240 million years most likely marks the starting point of a transition from a terrestrial to an epiphytic lifestyle in thalloid liverworts of the Metzgeriales. We assume that the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution played a key role in the evolution of epiphytic thalloid liverworts similar to that known for leafy liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bechteler
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | | | - David Glenny
- Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua, PO Box 69-040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - D Christine Cargill
- Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia
| | - Karola Maul
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütz
- Department of Botany, Natural History Museum Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matt von Konrat
- Gantz Family Collections Center, Science & Education, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Martin Nebel
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
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Crespo LC, Silva I, Enguídanos A, Cardoso P, Arnedo MA. The Atlantic connection: coastal habitat favoured long distance dispersal and colonization of Azores and Madeira by Dysdera spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1946618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. Crespo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Isamberto Silva
- Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, Funchal, 9054-505, Portugal
| | - Alba Enguídanos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Giacomin RM, Ruas CDF, Baba VY, De Godoy SM, Sudré CP, Bento CDS, Da Cunha M, Da Costa Geronimo IG, Rodrigues R, Gonçalves LS. Phenotypic, molecular and pathogenic characterization of Colletotrichum scovillei infecting Capsicum species in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10782. [PMID: 33986974 PMCID: PMC8086587 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum spp., one of the world’s most damaging sweet and chili pepper pathogens, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, anthracnose is one of the main obstacles for pepper crops. However, to date no research has focused on the identification and characterization of the pathogen, which is fundamental to understand the scope of the disease in the state. Thus, the correct identification of the fungal species and pathogenicity studies can provide important support for disease management and control, apart from identifying possible resistance sources for exploitation in peppers breeding programs. In this study, 11 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from peppers with typical symptoms in the Rio de Janeiro state. These isolates were characterized based on morpho-cultural characteristics and sequencing data from five regions (ITS, ACT, CAL, β-TUB and GAPDH), and the genetic variability was estimated by AFLP markers. Simultaneously, microscopy images of the colonization by the fungal species on unripe Capsicum annuum fruits were taken. Pathogenicity was tested and resistance sources were sought by means of infection of ripe and unripe fruits of 50 Capsicum baccatum accessions. The resulting data showed that all isolates belong to Colletotrichum scovillei specie. About the pathogenicity of Capsicum baccatum, differentiated, stage-specific responses, with higher resistance of ripe fruits were recorded. In addition, four possible sources of Colletotrichum scovillei resistance were detected among the tested accessions. The combination of these data can contribute to future studies on the interaction of Colletotrichum scovillei-Capsicum spp., a research line that is still unexploited in the main areas of this anthracnose fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viviane Yumi Baba
- Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Pombo Sudré
- Plant Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia Dos Santos Bento
- Plant Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maura Da Cunha
- Plant Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Rodrigues
- Plant Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Sa Gonçalves
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Melroy LM, Cohen CS. Temporal and spatial variation in population structure among brooding sea stars in the genus Leptasterias. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3313-3331. [PMID: 33841786 PMCID: PMC8019026 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal genetic studies of low-dispersing organisms are rare. Marine invertebrates lacking a planktonic larval stage are expected to have lower dispersal, low gene flow, and a higher potential for local adaptation than organisms with planktonic dispersal. Leptasterias is a genus of brooding sea stars containing several cryptic species complexes. Population genetic methods were used to resolve patterns of fine-scale population structure in central California Leptasterias species using three loci from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Historic samples (collected between 1897 and 1998) were compared to contemporary samples (collected between 2008 and 2014) to delineate changes in species distributions in space and time. Phylogenetic analysis of contemporary samples confirmed the presence of a bay-localized clade and revealed the presence of an additional bay-localized and previously undescribed clade of Leptasterias. Analysis of contemporary and historic samples indicates two clades are experiencing a constriction in their southern range limit and suggests a decrease in clade-specific abundance at sites at which they were once prevalent. Historic sampling revealed a dramatically different distribution of diversity along the California coastline compared to contemporary sampling and illustrates the importance of temporal genetic sampling in phylogeographic studies. These samples were collected prior to significant impacts of Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) and represent an in-depth analysis of genetic structure over 117 years prior to the SSWD-associated mass die-off of Leptasterias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Melroy
- Department of BiologyEstuary & Ocean Science CenterSan Francisco State UniversityTiburonCAUSA
| | - C. Sarah Cohen
- Department of BiologyEstuary & Ocean Science CenterSan Francisco State UniversityTiburonCAUSA
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Draper I, Garilleti R, Calleja JA, Flagmeier M, Mazimpaka V, Vigalondo B, Lara F. Insights Into the Evolutionary History of the Subfamily Orthotrichoideae (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta): New and Former Supra-Specific Taxa So Far Obscured by Prevailing Homoplasy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629035. [PMID: 33841460 PMCID: PMC8034389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mosses of the subfamily Orthotrichoideae represent one of the main components of the cryptogam epiphytic communities in temperate areas. During the last two decades, this taxonomical group has undergone an extensive revision that has led to its rearrangement at the generic level. However, their phylogenetic relationships and inferences on the evolutionary patterns that have driven the present diversity have little advanced. In this study, we present a dated molecular phylogenetic reconstruction at the subfamily level, including 130 samples that represent the 12 genera currently recognized within the subfamily, and the analysis of four molecular markers: ITS2, rps4, trnG, and trnL-F. We also analyze 13 morphological characters of systematic value to infer their origin and diagnostic utility within the subfamily. The phylogenetic reconstruction yields three main clades within the subfamily, two of which correspond to the tribe Zygodonteae, and one to Orthotricheae. Within Zygodonteae, the genus Zygodon results to be a polyphyletic artificial assembly, and we propose to separate a new genus named Australoria. Conversely, our results do not support the separation of Pentastichella and Pleurorthotrichum at the genus level and we therefore propose to include Pleurorthotrichum in Pentastichella. Regarding Orthotricheae, our analyses clearly allow the distinction of two subtribes: Orthotrichinae and Lewinskyinae. Within the latter, Ulota results a polyphyletic entity, and therefore we propose the segregation of a separate new genus named Atlantichella. Dating analyses allow us to conclude that the split of the tribes within Orthotrichoideae dates from the Middle Jurassic, while the diversification of Orthotrichum and Zygodon probably started during the Late Cretaceous. However, most of the extant genera of this subfamily seem to be younger, and apparently its highest diversification burst took place during the Oligocene. Finally, the analysis of the morphological traits reveals that most of the characters previously used to separate genera and here tested are homoplastic, which has hindered the taxonomical and systematic proposals for decades. However, even if there are no exclusive characters, all of the genera can be defined by the combination of a few characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Draper
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Garilleti
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Calleja
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren Flagmeier
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Mazimpaka
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vigalondo
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Crystallicutis gen. nov. (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycota), including C. damiettensis sp. nov., found on Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) trunks in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:447-458. [PMID: 34024592 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Polyporales is complicated by the variability in key morphological characters across families and genera, now being gradually resolved through molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here a new resupinate species, Crystallicutis damiettensis sp. nov. found on the decayed trunks of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) trees in the fruit orchards of the Nile Delta region of Egypt is reported. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, EF1α, RPB1 and RPB2 loci place this species in Irpicaceae, and forming a distinct clade with Ceraceomyces serpens and several other hitherto unnamed taxa, which we also incorporate into a new genus Crystallicutis. We name two of these species, Crystallicutis huangshanensis sp. nov. and Crystallicutis rajchenbergii sp. nov. The distinctive feature of Crystallicutis gen. nov. is the presence of crystal-encrusted hyphae in the hymenium and subiculum. Basidiomes are usually honey-yellow with white margins but there is variability in the presence of clamp connections and cystidia, as noted for other genera within Irpicacae. C. damiettensis is hitherto consistently associated with date palms killed by the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, a highly damaging and invasive pest, recently spread to the Mediterranean region. C. damiettensis causes rapid wood decay by a potentially unusual white-rot mechanism and may play a role in the damage caused by R. ferrugineus.
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Zapelloni F, Pons J, Jurado-Rivera JA, Jaume D, Juan C. Phylogenomics of the Hyalella amphipod species-flock of the Andean Altiplano. Sci Rep 2021; 11:366. [PMID: 33431936 PMCID: PMC7801522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species diversification in ancient lakes has enabled essential insights into evolutionary theory as they embody an evolutionary microcosm compared to continental terrestrial habitats. We have studied the high-altitude amphipods of the Andes Altiplano using mitogenomic, nuclear ribosomal and single-copy nuclear gene sequences obtained from 36 Hyalella genomic libraries, focusing on species of the Lake Titicaca and other water bodies of the Altiplano northern plateau. Results show that early Miocene South American lineages have recently (late Pliocene or early Pleistocene) diversified in the Andes with a striking morphological convergence among lineages. This pattern is consistent with the ecological opportunities (access to unoccupied resources, initial relaxed selection on ecologically-significant traits and low competition) offered by the lacustrine habitats established after the Andean uplift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zapelloni
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Joan Pons
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - José A Jurado-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Damià Jaume
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Čmoková A, Kolařík M, Dobiáš R, Hoyer LL, Janouškovcová H, Kano R, Kuklová I, Lysková P, Machová L, Maier T, Mallátová N, Man M, Mencl K, Nenoff P, Peano A, Prausová H, Stubbe D, Uhrlaß S, Větrovský T, Wiegand C, Hubka V. Resolving the taxonomy of emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Trichophyton benhamiae complex. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Gil HY, Maki M, Pimenova EA, Taran A, Kim SC. Origin of the critically endangered endemic species Scrophularia takesimensis (Scrophulariaceae) on Ulleung Island, Korea: implications for conservation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:765-782. [PMID: 32815044 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scrophularia takesimensis is a critically endangered endemic species of Ulleung Island, Korea. A previous molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences with very limited sampling suggested that it is most closely related to the clade comprising S. alata and S. grayanoides. To determine the origin of S. takesimensis, we sampled a total of 171 accessions including S. takesimensis (9 populations and 63 individuals) and two closely related species, S. alata (11 populations and 68 individuals) and S. grayanoides (5 populations and 40 individuals) from eastern Asia and sequenced ITS and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) non-coding regions. Previously sequenced representative species of Scrophularia (109 taxa for ITS and 80 taxa for cpDNA) were combined with our data set and analyzed. While the global scale ITS phylogenetic tree suggests monophyly for each of the three eastern Asian species, S. takesimensis appears to be more closely related (albeit weakly) to a clade containing eastern North American/Caribbean species than to either S. alata or S. grayanoides. By contrast, the global scale cpDNA phylogenetic tree demonstrates that the eastern North America/Caribbean clade is sister to a clade comprising the three eastern Asian species. In addition, the monophyletic S. takesimensis is deeply embedded within paraphyletic S. alata, sharing its most recent common ancestor with populations from Japan/Sakhalin. Two divergent, geographically structured cp haplotype groups within S. takesimensis suggest at least two independent introductions from different source areas. A new and accurate chromosome number of S. takesimensis (2n = 94) is reported and some conservation strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Gil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
- DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum, 916-70, Punchbowl-ro, Haean-myeon, 24564, Yanggu, South Korea
| | - Masayuki Maki
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Aleksandr Taran
- Sakhalin Branch of Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
| | - Seung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea.
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47
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Chloroplast DNA insights into the phylogenetic position and anagenetic speciation of Phedimus takesimensis (Crassulaceae) on Ulleung and Dokdo Islands, Korea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239734. [PMID: 32986762 PMCID: PMC7521733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phedimus takesimensis (Ulleungdo flat-leaved stonecrop) is endemic to Ulleung and Dokdo Islands off the east coast of the Korean Peninsula. It was suggested that P. takesimensis originated via anagenetic speciation from the continental progenitor species P. kamtchaticus or P. aizoon. However, little is known of the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structure among species of Phedimus in the Korean Peninsula and Ulleung/Dokdo Islands. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships among congeneric species in Korea based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast noncoding regions. We also sampled extensively for P. takesimensis on Ulleung Island and the continental species, P. kamtschaticus and P. aizoon, to assess the genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation. We found (1) the monophyly of P. takesimensis, (2) no apparent reduction in genetic diversity in anagenetically derived P. takesimensis compared to the continental progenitor species, (3) apparent population genetic structuring of P. takesimensis, and (4) two separate colonization events for the origin of the Dokdo Island population. This study contributes to our understanding of the genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation on Ulleung Island.
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Hedenäs L. Cryptic and morphologically recognizable species diversity within Scandinavian Plagiopus oederianus (Bryophyta: Bartramiaceae). LINDBERGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.25227/linbg.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hedenäs
- L. Hedenäs ✉ , Dept of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Šmíd J, Douda J, Krak K, Mandák B. Analyses of Hybrid Viability across a Hybrid Zone between Two Alnus Species Using Microsatellites and cpDNA Markers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E770. [PMID: 32659930 PMCID: PMC7397206 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diploid Alnus glutinosa s. str. and autotetraploid A. rohlenae form a narrow hybrid zone in a study area in southern Serbia, which results in triploid hybrid formation. The vast majority of previous studies have been focused on studies of maternal plants, but the offspring resulting from their crossing have not been much studied. Here, we use the variability of microsatellites and chloroplast DNA between these species and their putative hybrids to create an overall picture of the development of the hybrid zone and its predicted type. To elucidate the gene transfer within both species, the origins of individual ploidies and especially the role of triploid hybrids, a germination experiment was carried out linked with a flow cytometry study of the resulting seedlings. The tension zone model seems to offer the most adequate explanation of our observations, with selection against triploid hybrids and the spatial positioning of the hybrid zone. Despite selection against them, the triploid hybrids play an important role in the exchange of genes between the two species and therefore serve as a bridge for introgression. The presence of fertile triploids is essential for enriching the haplotype diversity between these species and for the development of new genetic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šmíd
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (J.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Jan Douda
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (J.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Karol Krak
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (J.D.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Mandák
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (J.D.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Bakalin VA, Fedosov VE, Maltseva YD, Milyutina IA, Klimova KG, Nguyen HM, Troitsky AV. Overview of Schistochilopsis (Hepaticae) in Pacific Asia with the Description Protochilopsis gen. nov.. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070850. [PMID: 32640627 PMCID: PMC7412342 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomic diversity center of Schistochilopsis is in East Asia, where the genus also shows the highest genetic diversity and morphological plasticity. The integrative survey of Schistochilopsis in East Asia was the main goal of the present account. Plant materials were obtained from recent collections made by authors in various parts of amphi-Pacific Asia; several types of specimens were also studied. The study includes phylogenetic reconstructions from nuclear ITS1,2, chloroplast trnL and trnG sequences, and anatomo-morphological, biogeographical, and taxonomical analyses. As a result, it was concluded that S. obscura should be transferred to Lophozia s. str. and S. grandiretis to the newly described genus Protochilopsis. Lophozia boliviensis was found to be part of the Andean-Sino-Himalayan taxon belonging to Schistochilopsis. The species status of S. hyperarctica and S. opacifolia was not confirmed. Substantial genetic variation is observed within S. incisa with possible cryptic sympatric distributed entities. The taxonomical section of the paper provides a discussion on the status, distinctive morphological traits, distribution, and ecology supplemented with the morphological description for poorly understood taxa. In the vast majority of cases, the illustrations and photographs made from the types and living material are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A. Bakalin
- Laboratory of Cryptogamic Biota, Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Makovskogo Street 142, 690024 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.D.M.); (K.G.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.A.B.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Vladimir E. Fedosov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Str. 1–12, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia D. Maltseva
- Laboratory of Cryptogamic Biota, Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Makovskogo Street 142, 690024 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.D.M.); (K.G.K.)
| | - Irina A. Milyutina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ksenia G. Klimova
- Laboratory of Cryptogamic Biota, Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Makovskogo Street 142, 690024 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.D.M.); (K.G.K.)
| | - Hung Manh Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Aleksey V. Troitsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (V.A.B.); (A.V.T.)
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