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Costa I, Barbosa DJ, Benfeito S, Silva V, Chavarria D, Borges F, Remião F, Silva R. Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108373. [PMID: 36894028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by intracellular accumulation of iron and reactive oxygen species, inhibition of system Xc-, glutathione depletion, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Since its discovery and characterization in 2012, many efforts have been made to reveal the underlying mechanisms, modulating compounds, and its involvement in disease pathways. Ferroptosis inducers include erastin, sorafenib, sulfasalazine and glutamate, which, by inhibiting system Xc-, prevent the import of cysteine into the cells. RSL3, statins, Ml162 and Ml210 induce ferroptosis by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is responsible for preventing the formation of lipid peroxides, and FIN56 and withaferin trigger GPX4 degradation. On the other side, ferroptosis inhibitors include ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, α-tocopherol, zileuton, FSP1, CoQ10 and BH4, which interrupt the lipid peroxidation cascade. Additionally, deferoxamine, deferiprone and N-acetylcysteine, by targeting other cellular pathways, have also been classified as ferroptosis inhibitors. Increased evidence has established the involvement of ferroptosis in distinct brain diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. Thus, a deep understanding of how ferroptosis contributes to these diseases, and how it can be modulated, can open a new window of opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies and targets. Other studies have shown a sensitivity of cancer cells with mutated RAS to ferroptosis induction and that chemotherapeutic agents and ferroptosis inducers synergize in tumor treatment. Thus, it is tempting to consider that ferroptosis may arise as a target mechanistic pathway for the treatment of brain tumors. Therefore, this work provides an up-to-date review on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases. In addition, information on the main ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors and their molecular targets is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Lin CYR, Kuo SH. Ataxias: Hereditary, Acquired, and Reversible Etiologies. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:48-64. [PMID: 36828010 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A variety of etiologies can cause cerebellar dysfunction, leading to ataxia symptoms. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of the cause for cerebellar ataxia can be challenging. A step-wise investigation will reveal underlying causes, including nutritional, toxin, immune-mediated, genetic, and degenerative disorders. Recent advances in genetics have identified new genes for both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive ataxias, and new therapies are on the horizon for targeting specific biological pathways. New diagnostic criteria for degenerative ataxias have been proposed, specifically for multiple system atrophy, which will have a broad impact on the future clinical research in ataxia. In this article, we aim to provide a review focus on symptoms, laboratory testing, neuroimaging, and genetic testing for the diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia causes, with a special emphasis on recent advances. Strategies for the management of cerebellar ataxia is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying R Lin
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Angulo MB, Bertalovitz A, Argenziano MA, Yang J, Patel A, Zesiewicz T, McDonald TV. Frataxin deficiency alters gene expression in Friedreich ataxia derived IPSC-neurons and cardiomyocytes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 11:e2093. [PMID: 36369844 PMCID: PMC9834160 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease, whereby homozygous inheritance of an expanded GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the FXN gene leads to transcriptional repression of the encoded protein frataxin. FRDA is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, but the primary cause of death is heart disease which occurs in 60% of the patients. Several functions of frataxin have been proposed, but none of them fully explain why its deficiency causes the FRDA phenotypes nor why the most affected cell types are neurons and cardiomyocytes. METHODS To investigate, we generated iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) and cardiomyocytes (iCMs) from an FRDA patient and upregulated FXN expression via lentivirus without altering genomic GAA repeats at the FXN locus. RESULTS RNA-seq and differential gene expression enrichment analyses demonstrated that frataxin deficiency affected the expression of glycolytic pathway genes in neurons and extracellular matrix pathway genes in cardiomyocytes. Genes in these pathways were differentially expressed when compared to a control and restored to control levels when FRDA cells were supplemented with frataxin. CONCLUSIONS These results offer novel insight into specific roles of frataxin deficiency pathogenesis in neurons and cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Angulo
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Alexander Bertalovitz
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mariana A. Argenziano
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Aarti Patel
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of NeurologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas V. McDonald
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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Payne RM. Cardiovascular Research in Friedreich Ataxia: Unmet Needs and Opportunities. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:1267-1283. [PMID: 36644283 PMCID: PMC9831864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease in which a mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is severely decreased in its expression. In addition to progressive ataxia, patients with FRDA often develop a cardiomyopathy that can be hypertrophic. This cardiomyopathy is unlike the sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathies in that the hypertrophy is associated with massive mitochondrial proliferation within the cardiomyocyte rather than contractile protein overexpression. This is associated with atrial arrhythmias, apoptosis, and fibrosis over time, and patients often develop heart failure leading to premature death. The differences between this mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and the more common contractile protein hypertrophic cardiomyopathies can be a source of misunderstanding in the management of these patients. Although imaging studies have revealed much about the structure and function of the heart in this disease, we still lack an understanding of many important clinical and fundamental molecular events that determine outcome of the heart in FRDA. This review will describe the current basic and clinical understanding of the FRDA heart, and most importantly, identify major gaps in our knowledge that represent new directions and opportunities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mark Payne
- Address for correspondence: Dr R. Mark Payne, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut, R4 302b, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Kuthethur R, Prasad K, Chakrabarty S, Kabekkodu SP, Singh KK, Thangaraj K, Satyamoorthy K. Advances in mitochondrial medicine and translational research. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:62-68. [PMID: 34363984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of mitochondrial biology and function has provided tools and technologies that helped a better understanding of the molecular etiology of complex mitochondrial disorders. Dual genetic control of this subcellular organelle function regulates various signaling mechanisms which are essential for metabolism, bioenergetics, fatty acid biosynthesis, and DNA replication & repair. Understanding nuclear mitochondrial crosstalk through advanced genomics as well as clinical perspectives is the overall basis of mitochondrial research and medicine, also the sole objective of Society for Mitochondrial Medicine and Research (SMRM) - India. The eighth virtual international conference on 'Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine and Translational Research' was organized at the Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India, during 6 - 7 November 2020. The aim of the virtual conference was to highlight the recent advances and future perspectives that represent comprehensive clinical and fundamental research interests in the area of mitochondrial biology of human diseases. To systematically present the various findings in mitochondrial biology, the meeting was themed with specific aspects comprising (a) mitochondrial disorders: clinical & genomic perspectives, (b) mitochondria in cancer, (c) mitochondrial metabolism & disorders, and (d) mitochondrial diseases & therapy. This report provides an overview of the recent advancements in the area of mitochondrial biology and medicine that was discussed at the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Rm. 620, 720 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500 039, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Kuthethur R, Prasad K, Chakrabarty S, Prasada Kabekkodu S, Singh KK, Thangaraj K, Satyamoorthy K. Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine and Translational Research. Mitochondrion 2021:S1567-7249(21)00102-1. [PMID: 34363984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of mitochondrial biology and function has provided with tools and technologies that helped a better understanding of the molecular etiology of complex mitochondrial disorders. Dual genetic control of this subcellular organelle function regulates various signaling mechanisms which are essential for metabolism, bioenergetics, fatty acid biosynthesis, and DNA replication & repair. Understanding nuclear mitochondrial crosstalk through advanced genomics as well as clinical perspectives is the overall basis of mitochondrial research and medicine, also the sole objective of Society for Mitochondrial Medicine and Research (SMRM) - India. The eighth virtual international conference on 'Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine and Translational Research' was organized at the Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India, during 6 - 7 November 2020. The aim of the virtual conference was to highlight the recent advances and future perspectives that represent comprehensive clinical and fundamental research interests in the area of mitochondrial biology of human diseases. To systematically present the various findings in mitochondrial biology, the meeting was themed with specific aspects comprising (a) mitochondrial disorders: clinical & genomic perspectives, (b) mitochondria in cancer, (c) mitochondrial metabolism & disorders, and (d) mitochondrial diseases & therapy. This report provides an overview of the recent advancements in the area of mitochondrial biology and medicine that was discussed at the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Rm. 620, 720 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500 039, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Wang H, Norton J, Xu L, DeMartinis N, Sen R, Shah A, Farmer J, Lynch D. Results of a randomized double-blind study evaluating luvadaxistat in adults with Friedreich ataxia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1343-1352. [PMID: 34018342 PMCID: PMC8164851 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare disorder with progressive neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy. Luvadaxistat (also known as TAK-831; NBI-1065844), an inhibitor of the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase, has demonstrated beneficial effects in preclinical models relevant to FRDA. This phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral luvadaxistat in adults with FRDA. METHODS Adult patients with FRDA were randomized 2:1:2 to placebo, luvadaxistat 75 mg twice daily (BID), or luvadaxistat 300 mg BID for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint changed from baseline at week 12 on the inverse of the time to complete the nine-hole peg test (9-HPT-1 ), a performance-based measure of the function of the upper extremities and manual dexterity. Comparisons between luvadaxistat and placebo were made using a mixed model for repeated measures. RESULTS Of 67 randomized patients, 63 (94%) completed the study. For the primary endpoint, there was no statistically significant difference in change from baseline on the 9-HPT-1 (seconds-1 ) at week 12 between placebo (0.00029) and luvadaxistat 75 mg BID (-0.00031) or luvadaxistat 300 mg BID (-0.00059); least squares mean differences versus placebo (standard error) were -0.00054 (0.000746) for the 75 mg dose and -0.00069 (0.000616) for the 300 mg dose. Luvadaxistat was safe and well tolerated; the majority of reported adverse events were mild in intensity. INTERPRETATION Luvadaxistat was safe and well tolerated in this cohort of adults with FRDA; however, it did not demonstrate efficacy as a treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Norton
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rohini Sen
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Farmer
- Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA), Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Lynch
- Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA), Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Generation of a Friedreich's Ataxia patient-derived iPSC line USFi001-A. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102399. [PMID: 34034220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 in Caucasians. Most cases are caused by a biallelic GAA expansion in the first intron of the Frataxin (FXN) gene. FA is a neurodegenerative disease, but the leading cause of death is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that develops in 60% of the patients. We generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from an FA patient with a homozygous GAA expansion in intron 1 of the FXN gene. The IPSCs display pluripotent cell morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, normal karyotype, and the capability to differentiate into all three germ layers.
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9
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Viventi S, Frausin S, Howden SE, Lim SY, Finol-Urdaneta RK, McArthur JR, Abu-Bonsrah KD, Ng W, Ivanusic J, Thompson L, Dottori M. In vivo survival and differentiation of Friedreich ataxia iPSC-derived sensory neurons transplanted in the adult dorsal root ganglia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1157-1169. [PMID: 33734599 PMCID: PMC8284774 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons, which is due to low levels of the mitochondrial protein Frataxin. To explore cell replacement therapies as a possible approach to treat FRDA, we examined transplantation of sensory neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and FRDA induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into adult rodent DRG regions. Our data showed survival and differentiation of hESC and FRDA iPSC-derived progenitors in the DRG 2 and 8 weeks post-transplantation, respectively. Donor cells expressed neuronal markers, including sensory and glial markers, demonstrating differentiation to these lineages. These results are novel and a highly significant first step in showing the possibility of using stem cells as a cell replacement therapy to treat DRG neurodegeneration in FRDA as well as other peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Viventi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stefano Frausin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Keiraville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Keiraville, Australia
| | - Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Wayne Ng
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Jason Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lachlan Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Keiraville, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Fernández-de la Torre M, Fiuza-Luces C, Valenzuela PL, Laine-Menéndez S, Arenas J, Martín MA, Turnbull DM, Lucia A, Morán M. Exercise Training and Neurodegeneration in Mitochondrial Disorders: Insights From the Harlequin Mouse. Front Physiol 2020; 11:594223. [PMID: 33363476 PMCID: PMC7752860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.594223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Cerebellar neurodegeneration is a main phenotypic manifestation of mitochondrial disorders caused by apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) deficiency. We assessed the effects of an exercise training intervention at the cerebellum and brain level in a mouse model (Harlequin, Hq) of AIF deficiency. Methods Male wild-type (WT) and Hq mice were assigned to an exercise (Ex) or control (sedentary [Sed]) group (n = 10-12/group). The intervention (aerobic and resistance exercises) was initiated upon the first symptoms of ataxia in Hq mice (∼3 months on average) and lasted 8 weeks. Histological and biochemical analyses of the cerebellum were performed at the end of the training program to assess indicators of mitochondrial deficiency, neuronal death, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In brain homogenates analysis of enzyme activities and levels of the oxidative phosphorylation system, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were performed. Results The mean age of the mice at the end of the intervention period did not differ between groups: 5.2 ± 0.2 (WT-Sed), 5.2 ± 0.1 (WT-Ex), 5.3 ± 0.1 (Hq-Sed), and 5.3 ± 0.1 months (Hq-Ex) (p = 0.489). A significant group effect was found for most variables indicating cerebellar dysfunction in Hq mice compared with WT mice irrespective of training status. However, exercise intervention did not counteract the negative effects of the disease at the cerebellum level (i.e., no differences for Hq-Ex vs. Hq-Sed). On the contrary, in brain, the activity of complex V was higher in both Hq mice groups in comparison with WT animals (p < 0.001), and post hoc analysis also revealed differences between sedentary and trained Hq mice. Conclusion A combined training program initiated when neurological symptoms and neuron death are already apparent is unlikely to promote neuroprotection in the cerebellum of Hq model of mitochondrial disorders, but it induces higher complex V activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-de la Torre
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Laine-Menéndez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez LR, Calap-Quintana P, Lapeña-Luzón T, Pallardó FV, Schneuwly S, Navarro JA, Gonzalez-Cabo P. Oxidative stress modulates rearrangement of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and calcium dysregulation in a Friedreich's ataxia model. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101762. [PMID: 33128998 PMCID: PMC7585950 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuromuscular and neurological manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the FXN gene, which results in loss of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Endoplasmic Reticulum-mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) are inter-organelle structures involved in the regulation of essential cellular processes, including lipid metabolism and calcium signaling. In the present study, we have analyzed in both, unicellular and multicellular models of FRDA, calcium management and integrity of MAMs. We observed that function of MAMs is compromised in our cellular model of FRDA, which was improved upon treatment with antioxidants. In agreement, promoting mitochondrial calcium uptake was sufficient to restore several defects caused by frataxin deficiency in Drosophila Melanogaster. Remarkably, our findings describe for the first time frataxin as a member of the protein network of MAMs, where interacts with two of the main proteins implicated in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. These results suggest a new role of frataxin, indicate that FRDA goes beyond mitochondrial defects and highlight MAMs as novel therapeutic candidates to improve patient's conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Calap-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Lapeña-Luzón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan A Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany; INCLIVA Biomedial Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Russi M, Martin E, D'Autréaux B, Tixier L, Tricoire H, Monnier V. A Drosophila model of Friedreich ataxia with CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of GAA repeats in the frataxin gene reveals in vivo protection by N-acetyl cysteine. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2831-2844. [PMID: 32744307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is caused by GAA repeat expansions in the first intron of FXN, the gene encoding frataxin, which results in decreased gene expression. Thanks to the high degree of frataxin conservation, the Drosophila melanogaster fruitfly appears as an adequate animal model to study this disease and to evaluate therapeutic interventions. Here, we generated a Drosophila model of FA with CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of approximately 200 GAA in the intron of the fly frataxin gene fh. These flies exhibit a developmental delay and lethality associated with decreased frataxin expression. We were able to bypass preadult lethality using genetic tools to overexpress frataxin only during the developmental period. These frataxin-deficient adults are short-lived and present strong locomotor defects. RNA-Seq analysis identified deregulation of genes involved in amino-acid metabolism and transcriptomic signatures of oxidative stress. In particular, we observed a progressive increase of Tspo expression, fully rescued by adult frataxin expression. Thus, Tspo expression constitutes a molecular marker of the disease progression in our fly model and might be of interest in other animal models or in patients. Finally, in a candidate drug screening, we observed that N-acetyl cysteine improved the survival, locomotor function, resistance to oxidative stress and aconitase activity of frataxin-deficient flies. Therefore, our model provides the opportunity to elucidate in vivo, the protective mechanisms of this molecule of therapeutic potential. This study also highlights the strength of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce human mutations in endogenous orthologous genes, leading to Drosophila models of human diseases with improved physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Université de Paris, BFA Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Elodie Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Benoit D'Autréaux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Laura Tixier
- Université de Paris, BFA Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Hervé Tricoire
- Université de Paris, BFA Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Véronique Monnier
- Université de Paris, BFA Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
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13
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Yetkİn MF, GÜltekİn M. Efficacy and Tolerability of Interferon Gamma in Treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia: Retrospective Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 57:270-273. [PMID: 33354116 DOI: 10.29399/npa.25047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of autosomal recessive ataxia. The disease primarily results from a GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion within the FXN gene in up to 97% of patients. The clinical presentation begins approximately between the ages of 5 and 15. The major clinical findings of FRDA are progressive extremity and gait ataxia. Although it is known that the disease is caused by low levels of functional protein in the target tissues, there is no effective treatment available for this pathology. However, significant improvements have been achieved in the research into pharmacological treatments for FRDA in recent years. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been shown to induce frataxin production in many cell types. In this study, the clinical features, tolerability, and the prognosis of individuals with FRDA to whom IFN-γ was administered in a university hospital were evaluated retrospectively and the results were discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in our country to evaluate the effect of IFN gamma on this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Yetkİn
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat GÜltekİn
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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14
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Bizzoca A, Caracciolo M, Corsi P, Magrone T, Jirillo E, Gennarini G. Molecular and Cellular Substrates for the Friedreich Ataxia. Significance of Contactin Expression and of Antioxidant Administration. Molecules 2020; 25:E4085. [PMID: 32906751 PMCID: PMC7570916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the neural phenotype is explored in rodent models of the spinocerebellar disorder known as the Friedreich Ataxia (FA), which results from mutations within the gene encoding the Frataxin mitochondrial protein. For this, the M12 line, bearing a targeted mutation, which disrupts the Frataxin gene exon 4 was used, together with the M02 line, which, in addition, is hemizygous for the human Frataxin gene mutation (Pook transgene), implying the occurrence of 82-190 GAA repeats within its first intron. The mutant mice phenotype was compared to the one of wild type littermates in regions undergoing differential profiles of neurogenesis, including the cerebellar cortex and the spinal cord by using neuronal (β-tubulin) and glial (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) markers as well as the Contactin 1 axonal glycoprotein, involved in neurite growth control. Morphological/morphometric analyses revealed that while in Frataxin mutant mice the neuronal phenotype was significantly counteracted, a glial upregulation occurred at the same time. Furthermore, Contactin 1 downregulation suggested that changes in the underlying gene contributed to the disorder pathogenesis. Therefore, the FA phenotype implies an alteration of the developmental profile of neuronal and glial precursors. Finally, epigallocatechin gallate polyphenol administration counteracted the disorder, indicating protective effects of antioxidant administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (T.M.); (E.J.)
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15
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Ranavolo A, Serrao M, Varrecchia T, Casali C, Filla A, Roca A, Silvetti A, Marcotulli C, Rondinone BM, Iavicoli S, Draicchio F. The Working Life of People with Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 18:910-921. [PMID: 31468336 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize and analyze the most important individual and organizational variables associated with job accommodation in subjects with degenerative cerebellar ataxia by administering a series of international and validated work activity-related scales. Twenty-four workers (W) and 58 non-workers (NW) were recruited: 34 with autosomal dominant ataxia and 48 with autosomal recessive ataxia (27 with Friedreich ataxia and 21 with sporadic adult-onset ataxia of unknown etiology). The severity of ataxia was rated using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia. Our results showed that the ataxic W were predominantly middle-aged (41-50 years), high school graduate, and married men with a permanent work contract, who had been working for more than 7 years. The W with ataxia exhibited a good level of residual working capacity, irrespective of gender, age range, and duration of the disease, and they were observed to have a low or average-to-low job stress-related risk. Supporting patients with ataxia to find an appropriate job is an important priority because about 78% of NW search for a job and W and NW have the same potential work abilities (no relevant differences were found in terms of disease characteristics, gender, and work resilience). In this view, introducing NW to work-life may have a potential rehabilitative aspect. Findings of this study highlight that equal job opportunities for subjects affected by cerebellar ataxia are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Serrao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 40100, Latina, Italy
- Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - T Varrecchia
- Department of Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - C Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 40100, Latina, Italy
| | - A Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Roca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Silvetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
| | - C Marcotulli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 40100, Latina, Italy
| | - B M Rondinone
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
| | - S Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
| | - F Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
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16
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García Ron A, Rodriguez Mesa M. Compassionate use of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 therapy in Friedreich's ataxia. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Utilidad del tratamiento como uso compasivo de mecasermina (factor de crecimiento insulínico recombinante humano tipo 1) en ataxia de Friedreich. Neurologia 2020; 35:140-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Bolotta A, Pini A, Abruzzo PM, Ghezzo A, Modesti A, Gamberi T, Ferreri C, Bugamelli F, Fortuna F, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Zucchini C, Marini M. Effects of tocotrienol supplementation in Friedreich's ataxia: A model of oxidative stress pathology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:201-212. [PMID: 31795754 PMCID: PMC7045332 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219890873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired mitochondrial function, resulting in oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed at evaluating whether tocotrienol, a phytonutrient that diffuses easily in tissues with saturated fatty layers, could complement the current treatment with idebenone, a quinone analogue with antioxidant properties. Five young Friedreich’s ataxia patients received a low-dose tocotrienol supplementation (5 mg/kg/day), while not discontinuing idebenone treatment. Several oxidative stress markers and biological parameters related to oxidative stress were evaluated at the time of initiation of treatment and 2 and 12 months post-treatment. Some oxidative stress-related parameters and some inflammation indices were altered in Friedreich’s ataxia patients taking idebenone alone and tended to be normal values following tocotrienol supplementation; likewise, a cardiac magnetic resonance study showed some improvement following one-year tocotrienol treatment. The pathway by which tocotrienol affects the Nrf2 modulation of hepcidin gene expression, a peptide involved in iron handling and in inflammatory responses, is viewed in the light of the disruption of the iron intracellular distribution and of the Nrf2 anergy characterizing Friedreich’s ataxia. This research provides a suitable model to analyze the efficacy of therapeutic strategies able to counteract the excess free radicals in Friedreich’s ataxia, and paves the way to long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bolotta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Antonella Pini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Provvidenza M Abruzzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bugamelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Filippo Fortuna
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro 61121, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
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19
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Martinelli C, Pucci C, Battaglini M, Marino A, Ciofani G. Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901589. [PMID: 31854132 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood-brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood-brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano-antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the symptoms, laboratory and neuroimaging diagnostic tests, genetics, and management of cerebellar ataxia. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in genetics have led to the identification of novel genetic causes for ataxia and a more comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways critical for normal cerebellar function. When these molecular pathways become dysfunctional, patients develop cerebellar ataxia. In addition, several ongoing clinical trials for Friedreich ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia will likely result in novel symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies for ataxia. Antisense oligonucleotides for spinocerebellar ataxias associated with CAG repeat expansions might be a promising therapeutic strategy. SUMMARY Cerebellar ataxias include heterogeneous disorders affecting cerebellar function, leading to ataxic symptoms. Step-by-step diagnostic workups with genetic investigations are likely to reveal the underlying causes of ataxia. Some disease-specific therapies for ataxia exist, such as vitamin E for ataxia with vitamin E deficiency and thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy, highlighting the importance of recognizing these forms of ataxia. Finally, genetic diagnosis for patients with ataxia will accelerate clinical trials for disease-modifying therapy and will have prognostic value and implications for family planning for these patients.
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21
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Brandes MS, Gray NE. NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091419899782. [PMID: 31964153 PMCID: PMC6977098 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419899782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative conditions including among others Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Friedrich’s ataxia, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The endogenous antioxidant response pathway protects cells from oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cytoprotective enzymes and is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In addition to regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, NRF2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. This is because mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are features of many neurodegenerative diseases as well NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we review evidence for a beneficial role of NRF2 in neurodegenerative conditions and the potential of specific NRF2 activators as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikah S. Brandes
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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22
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Ghanekar SD, Miller WW, Meyer CJ, Fenelon KJ, Lacdao A, Zesiewicz TA. Orphan Drugs In Development For The Treatment Of Friedreich's Ataxia: Focus On Omaveloxolone. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 9:103-107. [PMID: 31686946 PMCID: PMC6800542 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA) is a devastating and progressive ataxia, marked by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Nrf2 activators such as omaveloxolone (Omav) modulate antioxidative mechanisms, and thus may be viable therapeutic agents in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila D Ghanekar
- University of South Florida (USF), Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Ataxia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wai Wai Miller
- University of South Florida (USF), Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Ataxia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Movement Disorders Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Colin J Meyer
- Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Department of Product Development, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Kevin J Fenelon
- University of South Florida (USF), Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Ataxia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvin Lacdao
- University of South Florida (USF), Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Ataxia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- University of South Florida (USF), Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Ataxia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF Movement Disorders Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Department of Neurology, Tampa, FL, USA
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23
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Weng L, Wang Q, Yu S, Yang X, Lynch DR, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Evaluation of antibodies for western blot analysis of frataxin protein isoforms. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112629. [PMID: 31279523 PMCID: PMC6829029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frataxin is the protein that is down-regulated in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by an intronic GAA repeat expansion in intron-1 of the FXN gene. The GAA repeats result in epigenetic silencing of the FXN gene and reduced expression of the cytosolic full-length frataxin (1-210) protein. Full length frataxin translocates to the mitochondria, leading to formation of mature frataxin (81-210) formed by cleavage of the mitochondrial targeting sequence at K-80 of the full-length protein. There are currently no approved treatments for FRDA, although experimental approaches involving up-regulation or replacement of mature frataxin protein through numerous approaches are being tested. Many of the pre-clinical studies of these experimental approaches are conducted in mouse and monkey models as well as in human cell lines. Consequently, well-validated antibodies are required for use in western blot analysis to determine whether levels of various forms of frataxin have been increased. Here we examined the specificity of five commercially available anti-frataxin antibodies and determined whether they detect mature frataxin in mouse heart tissue. Four protein standards of monkey, human, and mouse frataxin as well as mouse heart tissue were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in combination with western blot analysis. One antibody failed to detect any of the frataxin standards or endogenous frataxin in mouse heart tissue. Three of the antibodies detected a protein in mouse heart tissue that ran slightly faster on PAGE (at 23.4 kDa) to that predicted for full-length frataxin (23.9 kDa). One antibody detected all four frataxin standards as well as endogenous mouse mature frataxin in mouse tissue. Significantly, this antibody, which will be useful for monitoring mature frataxin levels in monkey, human, and mouse tissues, did not detect a protein in mouse heart tissue at 23.4 kDa. Therefore, antibodies detecting the immunoreactive protein at 23.4 kDa could be misleading when testing for the up-regulation of frataxin in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Weng
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Gottesfeld JM. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics for the GAA·TTC Expansion Disease Friedreich Ataxia. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:1032-1049. [PMID: 31317428 PMCID: PMC6985418 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is caused by transcriptional silencing of the nuclear FXN gene, encoding the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin. Currently, there is no approved therapy for this fatal disorder. Gene silencing in FRDA is due to hyperexpansion of the triplet repeat sequence GAA·TTC in the first intron of the FXN gene, which results in chromatin histone modifications consistent with heterochromatin formation. Frataxin is involved in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and the assembly and transfer of iron-sulfur clusters to various mitochondrial enzymes and components of the electron transport chain. Frataxin insufficiency leads to progressive spinocerebellar neurodegeneration, causing symptoms of gait and limb ataxia, slurred speech, muscle weakness, sensory loss, and cardiomyopathy in many patients, resulting in death in early adulthood. Numerous approaches are being taken to find a treatment for FRDA, including excision or correction of the repeats by genome engineering methods, gene activation with small molecules or artificial transcription factors, delivery of frataxin to affected cells by protein replacement therapy, gene therapy, or small molecules to increase frataxin protein levels, and therapies aimed at countering the cellular consequences of reduced frataxin. This review will summarize the mechanisms involved in repeat-mediated gene silencing and recent efforts aimed at development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Gottesfeld
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
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25
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Creigh PD, Mountain J, Sowden JE, Eichinger K, Ravina B, Larkindale J, Herrmann DN. Measuring peripheral nerve involvement in Friedreich's ataxia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1718-1727. [PMID: 31414727 PMCID: PMC6764626 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental therapies under development for Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) require validated biomarkers. In-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of skin is a noninvasive way to quantify Meissner's corpuscle (MC) density and has emerged as a sensitive measure of sensory polyneuropathies. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study evaluating RCM of MCs and conventional peripheral nerve measures as candidate peripheral nerve markers in FRDA. METHODS Sixteen individuals with FRDA and 16 age- and gender-matched controls underwent RCM of MC density and morphology, skin biopsies for epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) including touch, vibration, and cooling thresholds. RESULTS MC densities were measurable in all participants with FRDA, and were lower at digit V (hand), thenar eminence, and arch (foot) compared to controls. By contrast, sensory NCS showed floor effects and were obtainable in only 13% of FRDA participants. QST thresholds for touch, vibration, and cooling were higher at the hand and foot in FRDA than controls. Reductions in ENFDs were present in more severely affected individuals with FRDA (Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS) >60) compared to matched controls, although skin biopsies were not well tolerated in children. MC densities, ENFDs, and touch and vibration thresholds were associated with clinical disease severity (FARS and modified FARS) and duration since symptom onset. INTERPRETATION MC density, ENFD, and QST thresholds provide structural and physiologic markers of sensory involvement in FRDA. Longitudinal evaluation is needed to determine whether these measures can identify changes associated with disease progression or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Creigh
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
| | - Joan Mountain
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
| | - Janet E. Sowden
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
| | - Katy Eichinger
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
| | - Bernard Ravina
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
- Praxis Precision MedicinesCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Jane Larkindale
- Friedreich’s Ataxia Research AllianceDowningtownPennsylvania
| | - David N. Herrmann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York
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26
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Ferreira GC, Oberstaller J, Fonseca R, Keller TE, Adapa SR, Gibbons J, Wang C, Liu X, Li C, Pham M, Dayhoff Ii GW, Duong LM, Reyes LT, Laratelli LE, Franz D, Fatumo S, Bari AG, Freischel A, Fiedler L, Dokur O, Sharma K, Cragun D, Busby B, Jiang RHY. Iron Hack - A symposium/hackathon focused on porphyrias, Friedreich's ataxia, and other rare iron-related diseases. F1000Res 2019; 8:1135. [PMID: 31824661 PMCID: PMC6894363 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Basic and clinical scientific research at the University of South Florida (USF) have intersected to support a multi-faceted approach around a common focus on rare iron-related diseases. We proposed a modified version of the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) Hackathon-model to take full advantage of local expertise in building “Iron Hack”, a rare disease-focused hackathon. As the collaborative, problem-solving nature of hackathons tends to attract participants of highly-diverse backgrounds, organizers facilitated a symposium on rare iron-related diseases, specifically porphyrias and Friedreich’s ataxia, pitched at general audiences. Methods: The hackathon was structured to begin each day with presentations by expert clinicians, genetic counselors, researchers focused on molecular and cellular biology, public health/global health, genetics/genomics, computational biology, bioinformatics, biomolecular science, bioengineering, and computer science, as well as guest speakers from the American Porphyria Foundation (APF) and Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA) to inform participants as to the human impact of these diseases. Results: As a result of this hackathon, we developed resources that are relevant not only to these specific disease-models, but also to other rare diseases and general bioinformatics problems. Within two and a half days, “Iron Hack” participants successfully built collaborative projects to visualize data, build databases, improve rare disease diagnosis, and study rare-disease inheritance. Conclusions: The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate the utility of a hackathon model to generate prototypes of generalizable tools for a given disease and train clinicians and data scientists to interact more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria C Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jenna Oberstaller
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Renée Fonseca
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thomas E Keller
- University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Swamy Rakesh Adapa
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Justin Gibbons
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chengqi Wang
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chang Li
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Minh Pham
- Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT100, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Guy W Dayhoff Ii
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620-5250, USA
| | - Linh M Duong
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Luis Tañón Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, ISA 2015 Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Luciano Enrique Laratelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620-5250, USA
| | - Douglas Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620-5250, USA
| | - Segun Fatumo
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Atm Golam Bari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Lindsey Fiedler
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Omkar Dokur
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Deborah Cragun
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ben Busby
- National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894-6075, USA
| | - Rays H Y Jiang
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USF Genomics Program, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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27
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Clay A, Hearle P, Schadt K, Lynch DR. New developments in pharmacotherapy for Friedreich ataxia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1855-1867. [PMID: 31311349 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1639671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), a rare disease caused by the deficiency of the mitochondrial matrix protein frataxin, affects roughly 1 in 50,000 individuals worldwide. Current and emerging therapies focus on reversing the deleterious effects of such deficiency including mitochondrial augmentation and increasing frataxin levels, providing the possibility of treatment options for this physiologically complex, multisystem disorder. Areas covered: In this review article, the authors discuss the current and prior in vivo and in vitro research studies related to the treatment of FRDA, with a particular interest in future implications of each therapy. Expert opinion: Since the discovery of FXN in 1996, multiple clinical trials have occurred or are currently occurring; at a rapid pace for a rare disease. These trials have been directed at the augmentation of mitochondrial function and/or alleviation of symptoms and are not regarded as potential cures in FRDA. Either a combination of therapies or a drug that replaces or increases the pathologically low levels of frataxin better represent potential cures in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Clay
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Patrick Hearle
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kim Schadt
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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28
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Henry ML, Hubbard HI, Grasso SM, Mandelli ML, Wilson SM, Sathishkumar MT, Fridriksson J, Daigle W, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Retraining speech production and fluency in non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2019; 141:1799-1814. [PMID: 29718131 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) presents with a gradual decline in grammar and motor speech resulting from selective degeneration of speech-language regions in the brain. There has been considerable progress in identifying treatment approaches to remediate language deficits in other primary progressive aphasia variants; however, interventions for the core deficits in nfvPPA have yet to be systematically investigated. Further, the neural mechanisms that support behavioural restitution in the context of neurodegeneration are not well understood. We examined the immediate and long-term benefits of video implemented script training for aphasia (VISTA) in 10 individuals with nfvPPA. The treatment approach involved repeated rehearsal of individualized scripts via structured treatment with a clinician as well as intensive home practice with an audiovisual model using 'speech entrainment'. We evaluated accuracy of script production as well as overall intelligibility and grammaticality for trained and untrained scripts. These measures and standardized test scores were collected at post-treatment and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up visits. Treatment resulted in significant improvement in production of correct, intelligible scripted words for trained topics, a reduction in grammatical errors for trained topics, and an overall increase in intelligibility for trained as well as untrained topics at post-treatment. Follow-up testing revealed maintenance of gains for trained scripts up to 1 year post-treatment on the primary outcome measure. Performance on untrained scripts and standardized tests remained relatively stable during the follow-up period, indicating that treatment helped to stabilize speech and language despite disease progression. To identify neural predictors of responsiveness to intervention, we examined treatment effect sizes relative to grey matter volumes in regions of interest derived from a previously identified speech production network. Regions of significant atrophy within this network included bilateral inferior frontal cortices and supplementary motor area as well as left striatum. Volumes in a left middle/inferior temporal region of interest were significantly correlated with the magnitude of treatment effects. This region, which was relatively spared anatomically in nfvPPA patients, has been implicated in syntactic production as well as visuo-motor facilitation of speech. This is the first group study to document the benefits of behavioural intervention that targets both linguistic and motoric deficits in nfvPPA. Findings indicate that behavioural intervention may result in lasting and generalized improvement of communicative function in individuals with neurodegenerative disease and that the integrity of spared regions within the speech-language network may be an important predictor of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - H Isabel Hubbard
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Grasso
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mithra T Sathishkumar
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Wylin Daigle
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Sales TA, Prandi IG, Castro AAD, Leal DHS, Cunha EFFD, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Recent Developments in Metal-Based Drugs and Chelating Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081829. [PMID: 31013856 PMCID: PMC6514778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain has a unique biological complexity and is responsible for important functions in the human body, such as the command of cognitive and motor functions. Disruptive disorders that affect this organ, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), can lead to permanent damage, impairing the patients' quality of life and even causing death. In spite of their clinical diversity, these NDDs share common characteristics, such as the accumulation of specific proteins in the cells, the compromise of the metal ion homeostasis in the brain, among others. Despite considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and advances in the development of treatments, these disorders remain uncured. Considering the diversity of mechanisms that act in NDDs, a wide range of compounds have been developed to act by different means. Thus, promising compounds with contrasting properties, such as chelating agents and metal-based drugs have been proposed to act on different molecular targets as well as to contribute to the same goal, which is the treatment of NDDs. This review seeks to discuss the different roles and recent developments of metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents as a proposal for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid G Prandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H S Leal
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus/ES, 29932-540, Brazil.
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic..
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30
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Mollá B, Muñoz-Lasso DC, Calap P, Fernandez-Vilata A, de la Iglesia-Vaya M, Pallardó FV, Moltó MD, Palau F, Gonzalez-Cabo P. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Revert Axonal Dystrophy in Friedreich's Ataxia Mouse Model. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:432-449. [PMID: 30761510 PMCID: PMC6554462 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable GAA repeat expansion within intron 1 of the FXN gene and characterized by peripheral neuropathy. A major feature of FRDA is frataxin deficiency with the loss of large sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), namely proprioceptive neurons, undergoing dying-back neurodegeneration with progression to posterior columns of the spinal cord and cerebellar ataxia. We used isolated DRGs from a YG8R FRDA mouse model and C57BL/6J control mice for a proteomic study and a primary culture of sensory neurons from DRG to test novel pharmacological strategies. We found a decreased expression of electron transport chain (ETC) proteins, the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and antioxidant enzymes, confirming a clear impairment in mitochondrial function and an oxidative stress-prone phenotype. The proteomic profile also showed a decreased expression in Ca2+ signaling related proteins and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors modulate intracellular cAMP/cGMP and Ca2+ levels. Treatment of frataxin-deficient sensory neurons with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors was able to restore improper cytosolic Ca2+ levels and revert the axonal dystrophy found in DRG neurons of YG8R mice. In conclusion, the present study shows the effectiveness of PDE inhibitors against axonal degeneration of sensory neurons in YG8R mice. Our findings indicate that PDE inhibitors may become a future FRDA pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Mollá
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana C Muñoz-Lasso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Pablo Calap
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Fernandez-Vilata
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Joint Unit FISABIO & Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vaya
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Joint Unit FISABIO & Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Regional Ministry of Health in Valencia, Hospital Sagunto (CEIB-CSUSP), Valencia, 46500, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Moltó
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46010, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and Department of Genetic & Molecular Medicine and IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46010, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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31
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Zhang S, Napierala M, Napierala JS. Therapeutic Prospects for Friedreich's Ataxia. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:229-233. [PMID: 30905359 PMCID: PMC6826337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive disease affecting multiple organs that is caused by systemic insufficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Current therapeutic strategies aim to elevate frataxin levels and/or alleviate the consequences of frataxin deficiency. Recent significant advances in the FRDA therapeutic pipeline are bringing patients closer to a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jill S Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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32
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Chen P, Totten M, Zhang Z, Bucinca H, Erikson K, Santamaría A, Bowma AB, Aschner M. Iron and manganese-related CNS toxicity: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:243-260. [PMID: 30759034 PMCID: PMC6422746 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1581608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients for humans. They act as cofactors for a variety of enzymes. In the central nervous system (CNS), these two metals are involved in diverse neurological activities. Dyshomeostasis may interfere with the critical enzymatic activities, hence altering the neurophysiological status and resulting in neurological diseases. Areas covered: In this review, the authors cover the molecular mechanisms of Fe/Mn-induced toxicity and neurological diseases, as well as the diagnosis and potential treatment. Given that both Fe and Mn are abundant in the earth crust, nutritional deficiency is rare. In this review the authors focus on the neurological disorders associated with Mn and Fe overload. Expert commentary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the primary molecular mechanism that mediates Fe/Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Although increased Fe or Mn concentrations have been found in brain of patients, it remains controversial whether the elevated metal amounts are the primary cause or secondary consequence of neurological diseases. Currently, treatments are far from satisfactory, although chelation therapy can significantly decrease brain Fe and Mn levels. Studies to determine the primary cause and establish the molecular mechanism of toxicity may help to adapt more comprehensive and satisfactory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hana Bucinca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keith Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Excitatory Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B. Bowma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Lai JI, Nachun D, Petrosyan L, Throesch B, Campau E, Gao F, Baldwin KK, Coppola G, Gottesfeld JM, Soragni E. Transcriptional profiling of isogenic Friedreich ataxia neurons and effect of an HDAC inhibitor on disease signatures. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1846-1859. [PMID: 30552117 PMCID: PMC6369281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by transcriptional silencing of the frataxin (FXN) gene, resulting in loss of the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin. Based on the knowledge that a GAA·TTC repeat expansion in the first intron of FXN induces heterochromatin, we previously showed that 2-aminobenzamide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increase FXN mRNA levels in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived FRDA neurons and in circulating lymphocytes from patients after HDACi oral administration. How the reduced expression of frataxin leads to neurological and other systemic symptoms in FRDA patients remains unclear. Similar to other triplet-repeat disorders, it is unknown why FRDA affects only specific cell types, primarily the large sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and cardiomyocytes. The combination of iPSC technology and genome-editing techniques offers the unique possibility to address these questions in a relevant cell model of FRDA, obviating confounding effects of variable genetic backgrounds. Here, using "scarless" gene-editing methods, we created isogenic iPSC lines that differ only in the length of the GAA·TTC repeats. To uncover the gene expression signatures due to the GAA·TTC repeat expansion in FRDA neuronal cells and the effect of HDACi on these changes, we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis of iPSC-derived central nervous system (CNS) and isogenic sensory neurons. We found that cellular pathways related to neuronal function, regulation of transcription, extracellular matrix organization, and apoptosis are affected by frataxin loss in neurons of the CNS and peripheral nervous system and that these changes are partially restored by HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-I Lai
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Daniel Nachun
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Benjamin Throesch
- Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | | | - Fuying Gao
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kristin K Baldwin
- Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Pagovich OE, Vo ML, Zhao ZZ, Petropoulos IN, Yuan M, Lertsuwanroj B, Ciralsky J, Lai E, Kiss S, D'Amico DJ, Mezey JG, Malik RA, Crystal RG. Corneal confocal microscopy: Neurologic disease biomarker in Friedreich ataxia. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:893-904. [PMID: 30294800 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial protein frataxin, is characterized by ataxia and gait instability, immobility, and eventual death. We evaluated corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) quantification of corneal nerve morphology as a novel, noninvasive, in vivo quantitative imaging biomarker for the severity of neurological manifestations in FRDA. METHODS Corneal nerve fiber density, branch density, and fiber length were quantified in individuals with FRDA (n = 23) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 14). All individuals underwent genetic testing and a detailed neurological assessment with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS). A subset of individuals with FRDA who were ambulatory underwent quantitative gait assessment. RESULTS CCM demonstrated a significant reduction in nerve fiber density and length in FRDA compared to healthy controls. Importantly, CCM parameters correlated with genotype, SARA and FARS neurological scales, and linear regression modeling of CCM nerve parameter-generated equations that predict the neurologic severity of FRDA. INTERPRETATION Together, the data suggest that CCM quantification of corneal nerve morphology is a rapid, sensitive imaging biomarker for quantifying the severity of neurologic disease in individuals with FRDA. Ann Neurol 2018;84:893-904.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelya E Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mary L Vo
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Zoe Z Zhao
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Michelle Yuan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Jessica Ciralsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Edward Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Szilard Kiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Donald J D'Amico
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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35
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Kuo SH, Quinzii CM. Coenzyme Q10 as a Peripheral Biomarker for Multiple System Atrophy. JAMA Neurol 2018; 73:917-9. [PMID: 27367485 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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36
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Palandri A, Martin E, Russi M, Rera M, Tricoire H, Monnier V. Identification of cardioprotective drugs by medium-scale in vivo pharmacological screening on a Drosophila cardiac model of Friedreich's ataxia. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm033811. [PMID: 29898895 PMCID: PMC6078405 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is caused by reduced levels of frataxin, a highly conserved mitochondrial protein. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease, which is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy, the latter being the most common cause of death in patients. We previously developed a Drosophila melanogaster cardiac model of FA, in which the fly frataxin is inactivated specifically in the heart, leading to heart dilatation and impaired systolic function. Methylene Blue (MB) was highly efficient to prevent these cardiac dysfunctions. Here, we used this model to screen in vivo the Prestwick Chemical Library, comprising 1280 compounds. Eleven drugs significantly reduced the cardiac dilatation, some of which may possibly lead to therapeutic applications in the future. The one with the strongest protective effects was paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing drug. In parallel, we characterized the histological defects induced by frataxin deficiency in cardiomyocytes and observed strong sarcomere alterations with loss of striation of actin fibers, along with full disruption of the microtubule network. Paclitaxel and MB both improved these structural defects. Therefore, we propose that frataxin inactivation induces cardiac dysfunction through impaired sarcomere assembly or renewal due to microtubule destabilization, without excluding additional mechanisms. This study is the first drug screening of this extent performed in vivo on a Drosophila model of cardiac disease. Thus, it also brings the proof of concept that cardiac functional imaging in adult Drosophila flies is usable for medium-scale in vivo pharmacological screening, with potent identification of cardioprotective drugs in various contexts of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Palandri
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Elodie Martin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Maria Russi
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Michael Rera
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Hervé Tricoire
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Véronique Monnier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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37
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Monnier V, Llorens JV, Navarro JA. Impact of Drosophila Models in the Study and Treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1989. [PMID: 29986523 PMCID: PMC6073496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been for over a century the model of choice of several neurobiologists to decipher the formation and development of the nervous system as well as to mirror the pathophysiological conditions of many human neurodegenerative diseases. The rare disease Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is not an exception. Since the isolation of the responsible gene more than two decades ago, the analysis of the fly orthologue has proven to be an excellent avenue to understand the development and progression of the disease, to unravel pivotal mechanisms underpinning the pathology and to identify genes and molecules that might well be either disease biomarkers or promising targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to summarize the collection of findings provided by the Drosophila models but also to go one step beyond and propose the implications of these discoveries for the study and cure of this disorder. We will present the physiological, cellular and molecular phenotypes described in the fly, highlighting those that have given insight into the pathology and we will show how the ability of Drosophila to perform genetic and pharmacological screens has provided valuable information that is not easily within reach of other cellular or mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Monnier
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR8251 CNRS, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jose Vicente Llorens
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 96100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Clinical and genetic aspects of defects in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster synthesis pathway. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:495-506. [PMID: 29623423 PMCID: PMC6006192 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are evolutionarily conserved biological structures which play an important role as cofactor for multiple enzymes in eukaryotic cells. The biosynthesis pathways of the iron-sulfur clusters are located in the mitochondria and in the cytosol. The mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathway (ISC) can be divided into at least twenty enzymatic steps. Since the description of frataxin deficiency as the cause of Friedreich's ataxia, multiple other deficiencies in ISC biosynthesis pathway have been reported. In this paper, an overview is given of the clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects reported in humans affected by a defect in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis.
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39
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Progress in the treatment of Friedreich ataxia. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:129-139. [PMID: 29499876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurological disorder affecting approximately 1 in 29,000 individuals of European descent. At present, there is no approved pharmacological treatment for this condition however research into treatment of FRDA has advanced considerably over the last two decades since the genetic cause was identified. Current proposed treatment strategies include decreasing oxidative stress, increasing cellular frataxin, improving mitochondrial function as well as modulating frataxin controlled metabolic pathways. Genetic and cell based therapies also hold great promise. Finally, physical therapies are being explored as a means of maximising function in those affected by FRDA.
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40
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Guo L, Wang Q, Weng L, Hauser LA, Strawser CJ, Rocha AG, Dancis A, Mesaros C, Lynch DR, Blair IA. Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Platelet Frataxin as a Protein Biomarker for the Rare Disease Friedreich's Ataxia. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2216-2223. [PMID: 29272104 PMCID: PMC5817373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet expansion in the FXN gene, leading to reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. FA is estimated to affect 1 in 50 000 with a mean age of death in the fourth decade of life. There are no approved treatments for FA, although experimental approaches, which involve up-regulation or replacement of frataxin protein, are being tested. Frataxin is undetectable in serum or plasma, and whole blood cannot be used because it is present in long-lived erythrocytes. Therefore, an assay was developed for analyzing frataxin in platelets, which have a half-life of 10 days. The assay is based on stable isotope dilution immunopurification two-dimensional nano-ultra high performance liquid chromatography/parallel reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry. The lower limit of quantification was 0.078 pg frataxin/μg protein, and the assay had 100% sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between controls and FA cases. The mean levels of control and FA platelet frataxin were 9.4 ± 2.6 and 2.4 ± 0.6 pg/μg protein, respectively. The assay should make it possible to rigorously monitor the effects of therapeutic interventions on frataxin expression in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology Center, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology Center, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Liwei Weng
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology Center, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lauren A. Hauser
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cassandra J. Strawser
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Agostinho G. Rocha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew Dancis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology Center, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David R. Lynch
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology Center, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Abstract
The autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxias comprise more than half of the known genetic forms of ataxia and represent an extensive group of clinically heterogeneous disorders that can occur at any age but whose onset is typically prior to adulthood. In addition to ataxia, patients often present with polyneuropathy and clinical symptoms outside the nervous system. The most common of these diseases is Friedreich ataxia, caused by mutation of the frataxin gene, but recent advances in genetic analysis have greatly broadened the ever-expanding number of causative genes to over 50. In this review, the clinical neurogenetics of the recessive cerebellar ataxias will be discussed, including updates on recently identified novel ataxia genes, advancements in unraveling disease-specific molecular pathogenesis leading to ataxia, potential treatments under development, technologic improvements in diagnostic testing such as clinical exome sequencing, and what the future holds for clinicians and geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Fogel
- Program in Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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42
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Perlman S, Boltshauser E. Drug treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 155:371-377. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64189-2.00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Zhao H, Li H, Hao S, Chen J, Wu J, Song C, Zhang M, Qiao T, Li K. Peptide SS-31 upregulates frataxin expression and improves the quality of mitochondria: implications in the treatment of Friedreich ataxia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9840. [PMID: 28852135 PMCID: PMC5575096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of GAA trinucleotide repeats within the first intron of the FXN gene, which encodes frataxin. The pathophysiology of the disease is thought to be derived from the decrease of Fe-S cluster biogenesis due to frataxin deficiency. There is currently no effective treatment for the disease. In our study, we demonstrated that treatment with the mitochondrion-targeted peptide SS-31 reduced frataxin deficiency-induced oxidative stress in lymphoblasts and fibroblasts derived from patients. Interestingly, SS-31 treatment translationally upregulated the protein level of frataxin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SS-31 treatment increased the enzymatic activities of the iron-sulphur enzymes, including aconitase and complex II and III of the respiratory chain. Further evaluation of the quality of mitochondria showed that mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, NAD+/NADH, and the morphology of mitochondria all improved. Our results suggest that SS-31 might potentially be a new drug for the early treatment of Friedreich ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Medical School of Henan Polytechnic University, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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Dormer L. Introducing a new volume of Neurodegenerative Disease Management. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2017; 7:1-4. [PMID: 28128039 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dormer
- Commissioning Editor, Neurodegenerative Disease Management, Future Medicine Ltd, Unitec House, London, N3 1QB, UK
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45
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Dionello CF, de Souza PL, Sá-Caputo D, Morel DS, Moreira-Marconi E, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Frederico EHFF, Guedes-Aguiar E, Paiva PDC, Taiar R, Chiementin X, Marín PJ, Bernardo-Filho M. Do whole body vibration exercises affect lower limbs neuromuscular activity in populations with a medical condition? A systematic review. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2017; 35:667-681. [PMID: 29172012 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of surface electromyography (sEMG) to evaluate muscle activation when executing whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) in studies provide neuromuscular findings, in healthy and diseased populations. OBJECTIVES Perform a systematic review of the effects of WBVE by sEMG of lower limbs in non-healthy populations. METHODS The search using the defined keywords was performed in PubMed, PEDRo and EMBASE databases by three independent researchers. Applying the PRISMA statement several studies were selected according to eligibility criteria and organized for the review. Full papers were included if they described effects of WBVE for the treatment of illnesses, evaluated by sEMG of lower limbs independently on the year of the publication; in comparison or associated with other treatment and evaluation techniques. RESULTS Seven publications were selected; two in spinal cord injury patients, one in Friedreich's ataxia patients, three in stroke patients and one study in breast cancer survivors. Reported effects of WBV in were muscle activation by sEMG and also on strength, blood flow and exercise resistance; even in paretic limbs. CONCLUSION By the use of sEMG it was verified that WBVE elicits muscle activation in diseased population. These results may lead to the definition of exercise protocols to maintain or increase muscular activation. However, due to the heterogeneity of methods among studies, there is currently no consensus on the sEMG signal processing. These strategies might also induce effects on muscle strength, balance and flexibility in these and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fontoura Dionello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lopes de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danubia Sá-Caputo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Soares Morel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eloá Moreira-Marconi
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Heleno Freire Ferreira Frederico
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane Guedes-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Patricia de Castro Paiva
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Redha Taiar
- Université du Reims Champagne Ardenne, Moulain de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Xavier Chiementin
- Université du Reims Champagne Ardenne, Moulain de la Housse, Reims, France
| | | | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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46
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Calatrava-Ferreras L, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Reimers D, Herranz AS, Casarejos MJ, Jiménez-Escrig A, Regadera J, Velasco-Martín J, Vallejo-Muñoz M, Díaz-Gil JJ, Bazán E. Liver Growth Factor (LGF) Upregulates Frataxin Protein Expression and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Friedreich's Ataxia Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2066. [PMID: 27941692 PMCID: PMC5187866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a severe disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance that is caused by the abnormal expansion of GAA repeat in intron 1 of FRDA gen. This alteration leads to a partial silencing of frataxin transcription, causing a multisystem disorder disease that includes neurological and non-neurological damage. Recent studies have proven the effectiveness of neurotrophic factors in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we intend to determine if liver growth factor (LGF), which has a demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective capability, could be a useful therapy for FA. To investigate the potential therapeutic activity of LGF we used transgenic mice of the FXNtm1MknTg (FXN)YG8Pook strain. In these mice, intraperitoneal administration of LGF (1.6 μg/mouse) exerted a neuroprotective effect on neurons of the lumbar spinal cord and improved cardiac hypertrophy. Both events could be the consequence of the increment in frataxin expression induced by LGF in spinal cord (1.34-fold) and heart (1.2-fold). LGF also upregulated by 2.6-fold mitochondrial chain complex IV expression in spinal cord, while in skeletal muscle it reduced the relation oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione. Since LGF partially restores motor coordination, we propose LGF as a novel factor that may be useful in the treatment of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calatrava-Ferreras
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Reimers
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio S Herranz
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María J Casarejos
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28400 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Velasco-Martín
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28400 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuela Vallejo-Muñoz
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan José Díaz-Gil
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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