1
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Lippi A, Krisko A. Protein aggregation: A detrimental symptom or an adaptation mechanism? J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37694504 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms oversee numerous aspects of protein lifetime. From the point of protein synthesis, protein homeostasis machineries take part in folding, solubilization, and/or degradation of impaired proteins. Some proteins follow an alternative path upon loss of their solubility, thus are secluded from the cytosol and form protein aggregates. Protein aggregates differ in their function and composition, rendering protein aggregation a complex phenomenon that continues to receive plenty of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Traditionally, protein aggregates have been associated with aging and a large spectrum of protein folding diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, or cataract. However, a body of evidence suggests that they may act as an adaptive mechanism to overcome transient stressful conditions, serving as a sink for the removal of misfolded proteins from the cytosol or storage compartments for machineries required upon stress release. In this review, we present examples and evidence elaborating different possible roles of protein aggregation and discuss their potential roles in stress survival, aging, and disease, as well as possible anti-aggregation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lippi
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Krisko
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Hela F, Aguayo-Mazzucato C. Interaction between Autophagy and Senescence in Pancreatic Beta Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1205. [PMID: 37759604 PMCID: PMC10525299 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to an increase in cellular stress due to the fragility of the organism and the inability to cope with it. In this setting, there is a higher chance of developing different cardiometabolic diseases like diabetes. Cellular senescence and autophagy, both hallmarks of aging and stress-coping mechanisms, have gained increased attention for their role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Studies show that impairing senescence dampens and even prevents diabetes while the role of autophagy is more contradictory, implying a context- and disease-stage-dependent effect. Reports show conflicting data about the effect of autophagy on senescence while the knowledge about this interaction in beta cells remains scarce. Elucidating this interaction between autophagy and senescence in pancreatic beta cells will lead to an identification of their respective roles and the extent of the effect each mechanism has on beta cells and open new horizons for developing novel therapeutic agents. To help illuminate this relationship we will review the latest findings of cellular senescence and autophagy with a special emphasis on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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3
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Kobiita A, Silva PN, Schmid MW, Stoffel M. FoxM1 coordinates cell division, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity in a subset of β cells during acute metabolic stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112986. [PMID: 37590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells display functional and transcriptional heterogeneity in health and disease. The sequence of events leading to β cell heterogeneity during metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, we characterize β cell responses to early metabolic stress in vivo by employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and real-time imaging to decipher temporal events of chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, and cell-cycle progression. We demonstrate that a subpopulation of β cells with active UPR, decreased protein synthesis, and insulin secretary capacities is more susceptible to proliferation after insulin depletion. Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress precedes the progression of the cell cycle and mitosis and ensures appropriate insulin synthesis. Furthermore, metabolic stress rapidly activates key transcription factors including FoxM1, which impacts on proliferative and quiescent β cells by regulating protein synthesis, ER stress, and mitochondrial activity via direct repression of mitochondrial-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kobiita
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc W Schmid
- MWSchmid GmbH, Hauptstrasse 34, 8750 Glarus, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, Universitäts-Spital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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4
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Klyosova E, Azarova I, Buikin S, Polonikov A. Differentially Expressed Genes Regulating Glutathione Metabolism, Protein-Folding, and Unfolded Protein Response in Pancreatic β-Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12059. [PMID: 37569434 PMCID: PMC10418503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired redox homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may contribute to proinsulin misfolding and thus to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptotic pathways, culminating in pancreatic β-cell loss and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study was designed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding enzymes for glutathione metabolism and their impact on the expression levels of genes regulating protein folding and UPR in β-cells of T2D patients. The GEO transcriptome datasets of β-cells of diabetics and non-diabetics, GSE20966 and GSE81608, were analyzed for 142 genes of interest using limma and GREIN software, respectively. Diabetic β-cells showed dataset-specific patterns of DEGs (FDR ≤ 0.05) implicated in the regulation of glutathione metabolism (ANPEP, PGD, IDH2, and CTH), protein-folding (HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, HSPA1B, HSPA8, BAG3, NDC1, NUP160, RLN1, and RPS19BP1), and unfolded protein response (CREB3L4, ERP27, and BID). The GCLC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, was moderately down-regulated in diabetic β-cells from both datasets (p ≤ 0.05). Regression analysis established that genes involved in the de novo synthesis of glutathione, GCLC, GCLM, and GSS affect the expression levels of genes encoding molecular chaperones and those involved in the UPR pathway. This study showed for the first time that diabetic β-cells exhibit alterations in the expression of genes regulating glutathione metabolism, protein-folding, and UPR and provided evidence for the molecular crosstalk between impaired redox homeostasis and abnormal protein folding, underlying ER stress in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Stepan Buikin
- Centre of Omics Technology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Internal Diseases, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University, 41 Bolshaya St. Petersburg Street, 173003 Veliky Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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5
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Varghese SS, Dhawan S. Senescence: a double-edged sword in beta-cell health and failure? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1196460. [PMID: 37229454 PMCID: PMC10203573 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1196460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex process marked by permanent cell-cycle arrest in response to a variety of stressors, and acts as a safeguard against the proliferation of damaged cells. Senescence is not only a key process underlying aging and development of many diseases, but has also been shown to play a vital role in embryogenesis as well as tissue regeneration and repair. In context of the pancreatic beta-cells, that are essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis, replicative senescence is responsible for the age-related decline in regenerative capacity. Stress induced premature senescence is also a key early event underlying beta-cell failure in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Targeting senescence has therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the induction of beta-cell senescence in response to various stressors remain unclear. Nor do we know if senescence plays any role during beta-cell growth and development. In this perspective, we discuss the significance of senescence in beta-cell homeostasis and pathology and highlight emerging directions in this area that warrant our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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7
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Gurlo T, Prakash TP, Wang Z, Archang M, Pei L, Rosenberger M, Pirie E, Lee RG, Butler PC. Efficacy of IAPP suppression in mouse and human islets by GLP-1 analogue conjugated antisense oligonucleotide. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1096286. [PMID: 36814640 PMCID: PMC9939749 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1096286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In vulnerable individuals, insulin resistance induces a progressive loss of insulin secretion with islet pathology revealing a partial deficit of beta cells and islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). IAPP is co-expressed and secreted with insulin by beta cells, expression of both proteins being upregulated in response to insulin resistance. If IAPP expression exceeds the threshold for clearance of misfolded proteins, beta cell failure occurs exacerbated by the action of IAPP toxicity to compromise the autophagy lysosomal pathway. We postulated that suppression of IAPP expression by an IAPP antisense oligonucleotide delivered to beta cells by the GLP-1 agonist exenatide (eGLP1-IAPP-ASO) is a potential disease modifying therapy for T2D. While eGLP1-IAPP-ASO suppressed mouse IAPP and transgenic human IAPP expression in mouse islets, it had no discernable effects on IAPP expression in human islets under the conditions studied. Suppression of transgenic human IAPP expression in mouse islets attenuated disruption of the autophagy lysosomal pathway in beta cells, supporting the potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Tatyana Gurlo, ; Peter C. Butler,
| | | | - Zhongying Wang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maani Archang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lina Pei
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Madeline Rosenberger
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elaine Pirie
- IONIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, United States
| | | | - Peter C. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Tatyana Gurlo, ; Peter C. Butler,
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8
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Brusco N, Sebastiani G, Di Giuseppe G, Licata G, Grieco GE, Fignani D, Nigi L, Formichi C, Aiello E, Auddino S, Quero G, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Mari A, Ferraro PM, Pontecorvi A, Alfieri S, Giaccari A, Dotta F, Mezza T. Intra-islet insulin synthesis defects are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and loss of beta cell identity in human diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:354-366. [PMID: 36280617 PMCID: PMC9807540 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and beta cell dedifferentiation both play leading roles in impaired insulin secretion in overt type 2 diabetes. Whether and how these factors are related in the natural history of the disease remains, however, unclear. METHODS In this study, we analysed pancreas biopsies from a cohort of metabolically characterised living donors to identify defects in in situ insulin synthesis and intra-islet expression of ER stress and beta cell phenotype markers. RESULTS We provide evidence that in situ altered insulin processing is closely connected to in vivo worsening of beta cell function. Further, activation of ER stress genes reflects the alteration of insulin processing in situ. Using a combination of 17 different markers, we characterised individual pancreatic islets from normal glucose tolerant, impaired glucose tolerant and type 2 diabetic participants and reconstructed disease progression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that increased beta cell workload is accompanied by a progressive increase in ER stress with defects in insulin synthesis and loss of beta cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina E Grieco
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Aiello
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Auddino
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic surgery unit, Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara M A Cefalo
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro M Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic surgery unit, Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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9
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Mo H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Qiu Z, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu G. The Role of Pancreatic Fatty Acid Synthesis in Islet Morphology and Function after Caloric Restriction or Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010005. [PMID: 36672747 PMCID: PMC9858859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both caloric restriction (CR) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are practical interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the molecular mechanisms of CR and RYGB regarding glycemic control are still poorly understood. Here, we explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of CR and RYGB on β-cell area and function. METHODS Average islet size was measured by histological analysis. The pancreatic lipid content was detected by using a commercial lipid assay kit. The expression levels of lipogenic transcription factors and enzymes in mouse pancreas were determined by quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS CR decreased the mean size of islets and pancreatic insulin production in both regular diet-fed and high-fat diet-fed mice. Increased β-cell apoptosis was detected in the calorie-restricted mice. Interestingly, the lipogenic transcription factors and enzymes such as SREBP1c, PPARγ, FASN and ACC were upregulated in the pancreas after CR. In contrast to CR, RYGB decreased the apoptosis of β-cells and the expression of fatty acid synthase. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic fatty acid synthesis is critical to the β-cell function after CR and RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocong Mo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zirui Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhejiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses and Prions: Multilevel Approach with Other Disinfectants. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ag, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Au nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic properties. Efficient indoor disinfection strategies are imperative to manage the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Virucidal agents, such as ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, 222-nm UV light, and electrolyzed water inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) photocatalyst and visible light disinfect abiotic surfaces against SARS-CoV-2. The titanium dioxide (TiO2)/UV system inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and on deliberately contaminated TiO2-coated glass slide surfaces in photocatalytic chambers, wherein 405-nm UV light treatment for 20 min sterilizes the environment and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate the virus by targeting S and envelope proteins and viral RNA. Mesoscopic calcium bicarbonate solution (CAC-717) inactivates pathogens, such as prions, influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and noroviruses, in fluids; it presumably acts similarly on human and animal skin. The molecular complexity of cementitious materials promotes the photocatalysis of microorganisms. In combination, the two methods can reduce the pathogen load in the environment. As photocatalysts and CAC-717 are potent disinfectants for prions, disinfectants against prionoids could be developed by combining photocatalysis, gas plasma methodology, and CAC-717 treatment, especially for surgical devices and instruments.
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11
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Brown MR, Laouteouet D, Delobel M, Villard O, Broca C, Bertrand G, Wojtusciszyn A, Dalle S, Ravier MA, Matveyenko AV, Costes S. The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is implicated in the alteration of β-cell autophagy and survival under diabetogenic conditions. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:353. [PMID: 35428762 PMCID: PMC9012816 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with impaired regulation of autophagy which controls β-cell development, function, and survival through clearance of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. However, the mechanisms responsible for defective autophagy in T2DM β-cells remain unknown. Since recent studies identified circadian clock transcriptional repressor REV-ERBα as a novel regulator of autophagy in cancer, in this study we set out to test whether REV-ERBα-mediated inhibition of autophagy contributes to the β-cell failure in T2DM. Our study provides evidence that common diabetogenic stressors (e.g., glucotoxicity and cytokine-mediated inflammation) augment β-cell REV-ERBα expression and impair β-cell autophagy and survival. Notably, pharmacological activation of REV-ERBα was shown to phenocopy effects of diabetogenic stressors on the β-cell through inhibition of autophagic flux, survival, and insulin secretion. In contrast, negative modulation of REV-ERBα was shown to provide partial protection from inflammation and glucotoxicity-induced β-cell failure. Finally, using bioinformatic approaches, we provide further supporting evidence for augmented REV-ERBα activity in T2DM human islets associated with impaired transcriptional regulation of autophagy and protein degradation pathways. In conclusion, our study reveals a previously unexplored causative relationship between REV-ERBα expression, inhibition of autophagy, and β-cell failure in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brown
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Damien Laouteouet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Delobel
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Orianne Villard
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XLaboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), PRIMS facility, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France ,grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Broca
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XLaboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), PRIMS facility, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gyslaine Bertrand
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France ,grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XLaboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), PRIMS facility, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France ,grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Magalie A. Ravier
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Safia Costes
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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12
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Thewjitcharoen Y, Wanothayaroj E, Nakasatien S, Krittiyawong S, Khurana I, El‐Osta A, Himathongkam T. Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance associated with Kabuki syndrome—A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05736. [PMID: 35441024 PMCID: PMC9010955 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facies, intellectual disability, and multi‐organ anomalies. This case report highlights the importance of clinical recognizable phenotype in patients with diabetes. The development of diabetes should be considered an endocrine complication in KS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Assam El‐Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Hong Kong SAR
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Hong Kong SAR
- School of Biomedical Sciences CUHK Hong Kong SAR
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13
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Sahoo BR, Souders CL, Watanabe-Nakayama T, Deng Z, Linton H, Suladze S, Ivanova MI, Reif B, Ando T, Martyniuk CJ, Ramamoorthy A. Conformational Tuning of Amylin by Charged Styrene-Maleic-Acid Copolymers. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167385. [PMID: 34883118 PMCID: PMC8752516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human amylin forms structurally heterogeneous amyloids that have been linked to type-2 diabetes. Thus, understanding the molecular interactions governing amylin aggregation can provide mechanistic insights in its pathogenic formation. Here, we demonstrate that fibril formation of amylin is altered by synthetic amphipathic copolymer derivatives of the styrene-maleic-acid (SMAQA and SMAEA). High-speed AFM is used to follow the real-time aggregation of amylin by observing the rapid formation of de novo globular oligomers and arrestment of fibrillation by the positively-charged SMAQA. We also observed an accelerated fibril formation in the presence of the negatively-charged SMAEA. These findings were further validated by fluorescence, SOFAST-HMQC, DOSY and STD NMR experiments. Conformational analysis by CD and FT-IR revealed that the SMA copolymers modulate the conformation of amylin aggregates. While the species formed with SMAQA are α-helical, the ones formed with SMAEA are rich in β-sheet structure. The interacting interfaces between SMAEA or SMAQA and amylin are mapped by NMR and microseconds all-atom MD simulation. SMAEA displayed π-π interaction with Phe23, electrostatic π-cation interaction with His18 and hydrophobic packing with Ala13 and Val17; whereas SMAQA showed a selective interaction with amylin's C terminus (residues 31-37) that belongs to one of the two β-sheet regions (residues 14-19 and 31-36) involved in amylin fibrillation. Toxicity analysis showed both SMA copolymers to be non-toxic in vitro and the amylin species formed with the copolymers showed minimal deformity to zebrafish embryos. Together, this study demonstrates that chemical tools, such as copolymers, can be used to modulate amylin aggregation, alter the conformation of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Zhou Deng
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hunter Linton
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Saba Suladze
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Bernd Reif
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Toshio Ando
- Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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14
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Blencowe M, Furterer A, Wang Q, Gao F, Rosenberger M, Pei L, Nomoto H, Mawla AM, Huising MO, Coppola G, Yang X, Butler PC, Gurlo T. IAPP-induced beta cell stress recapitulates the islet transcriptome in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:173-187. [PMID: 34554282 PMCID: PMC8660728 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by islet amyloid and toxic oligomers of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). We posed the questions, (1) does IAPP toxicity induce an islet response comparable to that in humans with type 2 diabetes, and if so, (2) what are the key transcriptional drivers of this response? METHODS The islet transcriptome was evaluated in five groups of mice: beta cell specific transgenic for (1) human IAPP, (2) rodent IAPP, (3) human calpastatin, (4) human calpastatin and human IAPP, and (5) wild-type mice. RNA sequencing data was analysed by differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis to establish the islet response to adaptation to an increased beta cell workload of soluble rodent IAPP, the islet response to increased expression of oligomeric human IAPP, and the extent to which the latter was rescued by suppression of calpain hyperactivation by calpastatin. Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analysis was used to compare the transcriptome of islets from human or rodent IAPP transgenic mice vs humans with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The islet transcriptomes in humans with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are remarkably similar. Beta cell overexpression of soluble rodent or oligomer-prone human IAPP induced changes in islet transcriptome present in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, including decreased expression of genes that confer beta cell identity. Increased expression of human IAPP, but not rodent IAPP, induced islet inflammation present in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in humans. Key mediators of the injury responses in islets transgenic for human IAPP or those from individuals with type 2 diabetes include STAT3, NF-κB, ESR1 and CTNNB1 by transcription factor analysis and COL3A1, NID1 and ZNF800 by gene regulatory network analysis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Beta cell injury mediated by IAPP is a plausible mechanism to contribute to islet inflammation and dedifferentiation in type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of IAPP toxicity is a potential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Furterer
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madeline Rosenberger
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lina Pei
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex M Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter C Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Wong HY, Hui Q, Hao Z, Warnock GL, Woo M, Luciani DS, Marzban L. The role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in islet amyloid-induced β-cell death. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111424. [PMID: 34400259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid, formed by aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), contributes to β-cell death in type 2 diabetes. We previously showed that extracellular hIAPP aggregates promote Fas-mediated β-cell apoptosis. Here, we tested if hIAPP aggregates can trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (MAP). hIAPP aggregation in Ad-hIAPP transduced INS-1 and human islet β-cells promoted cytochrome c release, caspase-9 activation and apoptosis, which were reduced by Bax inhibitor. Amyloid formation in hIAPP-expressing mouse islets during culture increased caspase-9 activation in β-cells. Ad-hIAPP transduced islets from CytcKA/KA and BaxBak βDKO mice (models of blocked MAP), had lower caspase-9-positive and apoptotic β-cells than transduced wild-type islets, despite comparable amyloid formation. Blocking Fas (markedly) and Bax or caspase-9 (modestly) reduced β-cell death induced by extracellular hIAPP aggregates. These findings suggest a role for MAP in amyloid-induced β-cell death and a potential strategy to reduce intracellular amyloid β-cell toxicity by blocking cytochrome c apoptotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Y Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Queenie Hui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garth L Warnock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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16
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Brown ML, Lopez A, Meyer N, Richter A, Thompson TB. FSTL3-Neutralizing Antibodies Enhance Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion in Dysfunctional Male Mouse and Human Islets. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128796. [PMID: 33539535 PMCID: PMC8384134 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic beta cells or insufficient insulin action, leading to an inability to control blood glucose. While a wide range of treatments exist to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, therapies addressing the root cause of diabetes through replacing lost beta cells with functional cells remain an object of active pursuit. We previously demonstrated that genetic deletion of Fstl3, a critical regulator of activin activity, enhanced beta cell number and glucose-responsive insulin production. These observations suggested the hypothesis that FSTL3 neutralization could be used to therapeutically enhance beta cell number and function in humans. To pursue this possibility, we developed an FSTL3-neutralizing antibody, FP-101, and characterized its ability to prevent or disrupt FSTL3 from complexing with activin or related ligands. This antibody was selective for FSTL3 relative to the closely related follistatin, thereby reducing the chance for off-target effects. In vitro assays with FP-101 and activin revealed that FP-101-mediated neutralization of FSTL3 can enhance both insulin secretion and glucose responsiveness to nonfunctional mouse and human islets under conditions that model diabetes. Thus, FSTL3 neutralization may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes through repairing dysfunctional beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
- Correspondence: Melissa Brown, PhD, RD, CSSD, LD, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA. E-mail:
| | - Alexa Lopez
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Nolan Meyer
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Alden Richter
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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17
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Azarova I, Klyosova E, Polonikov A. The Link between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Metabolizing Genes Suggests a New Hypothesis Explaining Disease Initiation and Progression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090886. [PMID: 34575035 PMCID: PMC8466482 DOI: 10.3390/life11090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). A total of 3198 unrelated Russian subjects including 1572 T2D patients and 1626 healthy subjects were enrolled. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GSS and GGT7 genes were genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. We found that the GSS and GGT7 gene polymorphisms alone and in combinations are associated with T2D risk regardless of sex, age, and body mass index, as well as correlated with plasma glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and fasting blood glucose levels. Polymorphisms of GSS (rs13041792) and GGT7 (rs6119534 and rs11546155) genes were associated with the tissue-specific expression of genes involved in unfolded protein response and the regulation of proteostasis. Transcriptome-wide association analysis has shown that the pancreatic expression of some of these genes such as EDEM2, MYH7B, MAP1LC3A, and CPNE1 is linked to the genetic risk of T2D. A comprehensive analysis of the data allowed proposing a new hypothesis for the etiology of type 2 diabetes that endogenous glutathione deficiency might be a key condition responsible for the impaired folding of proinsulin which triggered an unfolded protein response, ultimately leading to beta-cell apoptosis and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia;
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia;
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-471-258-8147
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18
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Zummo FP, Krishnanda SI, Georgiou M, O'Harte FP, Parthsarathy V, Cullen KS, Honkanen-Scott M, Shaw JA, Lovat PE, Arden C. Exendin-4 stimulates autophagy in pancreatic β-cells via the RAPGEF/EPAC-Ca 2+-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis. Autophagy 2021; 18:799-815. [PMID: 34338148 PMCID: PMC9037459 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1956123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is critical for the regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass and its deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously shown that treatment of pancreatic β-cells with the GLP1R (glucagon like peptide 1 receptor) agonist exendin-4 stimulates autophagic flux in a setting of chronic nutrient excess. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying pathways contributing to enhanced autophagic flux. Pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E),mouse and human islets were treated with glucolipotoxic stress (0.5 mM palmitate and 25 mM glucose) in the presence of exendin-4. Consistent with our previous work, exendin-4 stimulated autophagic flux. Using chemical inhibitors and siRNA knockdown, we identified RAPGEF4/EPAC2 (Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4) and downstream calcium signaling to be essential for regulation of autophagic flux by exendin-4. This pathway was independent of AMPK and MTOR signaling. Further analysis identified PPP3/calcineurin and its downstream regulator TFEB (transcription factor EB) as key proteins mediating exendin-4 induced autophagy. Importantly, inhibition of this pathway prevented exendin-4-mediated cell survival and overexpression of TFEB mimicked the cell protective effects of exendin-4 in INS-1E and human islets. Moreover, treatment of db/db mice with exendin-4 for 21 days increased the expression of lysosomal markers within the pancreatic islets. Collectively our data identify the RAPGEF4/EPAC2-calcium-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis as a key mediator of autophagic flux, lysosomal function and cell survival in pancreatic β-cells. Pharmacological modulation of this axis may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of T2D. Abbreviations: AKT1/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AMPK: 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase; CAMKK: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CASP3: caspase 3; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; CTSD: cathepsin D; Ex4: exendin-4(1-39); GLP-1: glucagon like peptide 1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GLT: glucolipotoxicity; INS: insulin; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T-cells; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; PRKA/PKA: protein kinase cAMP activated; RAPGEF3/EPAC1: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; RAPGEF4/EPAC2: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T2D: type 2 diabetes; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Zummo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stanislaus I Krishnanda
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Merilin Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Finbarr Pm O'Harte
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vadivel Parthsarathy
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kirsty S Cullen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Minna Honkanen-Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Am Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Penny E Lovat
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Mezza T, Ferraro PM, Di Giuseppe G, Moffa S, Cefalo CM, Cinti F, Impronta F, Capece U, Quero G, Pontecorvi A, Mari A, Alfieri S, Giaccari A. Pancreaticoduodenectomy model demonstrates a fundamental role of dysfunctional β cells in predicting diabetes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146788. [PMID: 33905373 DOI: 10.1172/jci146788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe appearance of hyperglycemia is due to insulin resistance, functional deficits in the secretion of insulin, and a reduction of β cell mass. There is a long-standing debate as to the relative contribution of these factors to clinically manifesting β cell dysfunction. The aim of this study was to verify the acute effect of one of these factors, the reduction of β cell mass, on the subsequent development of hyperglycemia.METHODSTo pursue this aim, nondiabetic patients, scheduled for identical pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery, underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and hyperglycemic clamp (HC) procedures, followed by arginine stimulation before and after surgery. Based on postsurgery OGTT, subjects were divided into 3 groups depending on glucose tolerance: normal glucose tolerance (post-NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (post-IGT), or having diabetes mellitus (post-DM).RESULTSAt baseline, the 3 groups showed similar fasting glucose and insulin levels; however, examining the various parameters, we found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion, reduced glucose sensitivity, and rate sensitivity were predictors of eventual postsurgery development of IGT and diabetes.CONCLUSIONDespite comparable functional mass and fasting glucose and insulin levels at baseline and the very same 50% mass reduction, only reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity predicted the appearance of hyperglycemia. These functional alterations could be pivotal to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02175459.FUNDINGUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mezza
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,UOS Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, UOC Nefrologia
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ma Cefalo
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Flavia Impronta
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Umberto Capece
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,UOC Chirurgia Digestiva, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,UOC Chirurgia Digestiva, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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20
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Du M, Liu J, Han N, Zhao Z, Luo S, Wang H. Exploring the mediating role of serum retinol-binding protein 4 in the relationship between sleep quality and insulin resistance in pregnant women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 176:108866. [PMID: 34023339 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore the mediating role of plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in the relationship between sleep quality and insulin resistance (IR) among pregnant women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 263 pregnant women in the first trimester. Sleep quality was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The ELISA and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to analyze plasma RBP4 and estimate IR. The mediating model was used to analyze the mediating role of RBP4 in the relationship between PSQI score and IR. RESULTS In the multivariable linear regression model, the three terms were positively related with each other, PSQI score was positively associated with IR levels (β = 0.55, p < 0.05). In the mediating model, RBP4 levels mediated completely the relationship between PSQI scores and IR levels (β = 0.29, p < 0.0001). The indirect effect of RBP4 in the relation between sleep quality and IR explained 89.10% of total effect. CONCLUSIONS RPB4 may play a complete mediating role in the relation between sleep quality and insulin resistance in early pregnancy. Improvements in sleep quality in the first trimester may provide a pathway to reduce plasma RBP4, which is beneficial for less IR and GDM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Na Han
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tongzhou District, Beijing 101101, China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tongzhou District, Beijing 101101, China
| | - Shusheng Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Wang Z, Gurlo T, Matveyenko AV, Elashoff D, Wang P, Rosenberger M, Junge JA, Stevens RC, White KL, Fraser SE, Butler PC. Live-cell imaging of glucose-induced metabolic coupling of β and α cell metabolism in health and type 2 diabetes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:594. [PMID: 34012065 PMCID: PMC8134470 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractType 2 diabetes is characterized by β and α cell dysfunction. We used phasor-FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) to monitor oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in living islet cells before and after glucose stimulation. In healthy cells, glucose enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in β cells and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation in α cells. In Type 2 diabetes, glucose increased glycolysis in β cells, and only partially suppressed oxidative phosphorylation in α cells. FLIM uncovers key perturbations in glucose induced metabolism in living islet cells and provides a sensitive tool for drug discovery in diabetes.
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22
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Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
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23
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Dysfunction of Persisting β Cells Is a Key Feature of Early Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107469. [PMID: 32268101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and insufficient insulin release from pancreatic islet β cells. However, the role and sequence of β cell dysfunction and mass loss for reduced insulin levels in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we exploit freshly explanted pancreas specimens from metabolically phenotyped surgical patients using an in situ tissue slice technology. This approach allows assessment of β cell volume and function within pancreas samples of metabolically stratified individuals. We show that, in tissue of pre-diabetic, impaired glucose-tolerant subjects, β cell volume is unchanged, but function significantly deteriorates, exhibiting increased basal release and loss of first-phase insulin secretion. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, function within the sustained β cell volume further declines. These results indicate that dysfunction of persisting β cells is a key factor in the early development and progression of type 2 diabetes, representing a major target for diabetes prevention and therapy.
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24
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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25
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Engin AB, Engin A. Protein Kinases Signaling in Pancreatic Beta-cells Death and Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:195-227. [PMID: 33539017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide serious public health problem. Insulin resistance and β-cell failure are the two major components of T2D pathology. In addition to defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling due to glucolipotoxicity, β-cell dysfunction or β-cell death initiates the deleterious vicious cycle observed in T2D. Although the primary cause is still unknown, overnutrition that contributes to the induction of the state of low-grade inflammation, and the activation of various protein kinases-related metabolic pathways are main factors leading to T2D. In this chapter following subjects, which have critical checkpoints regarding β-cell fate and protein kinases pathways are discussed; hyperglycemia-induced β-cell failure, chronic accumulation of unfolded protein in β-cells, the effect of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to insulin secretion, excessive saturated free fatty acid-induced β-cell apoptosis, mitophagy dysfunction, proinflammatory responses and insulin resistance, and the reprogramming of β-cell for differentiation or dedifferentiation in T2D. There is much debate about selecting proposed therapeutic strategies to maintain or enhance optimal β-cell viability for adequate insulin secretion in T2D. However, in order to achieve an effective solution in the treatment of T2D, more intensive clinical trials are required on newer therapeutic options based on protein kinases signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The current paradigm of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is gluco-centric, being exclusively categorized by glycemic characteristics. The gluco-centric paradigm views hyperglycemia as the primary target, being driven by resistance to insulin combined with progressive beta cells failure, and considers glycemic control its ultimate treatment goal. Most importantly, the gluco-centric paradigm considers the non-glycemic diseases associated with T2D, e.g., obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, macrovascular disease, microvascular disease and fatty liver as 'risk factors' and/or 'outcomes' and/or 'comorbidities', rather than primary inherent disease aspects of T2D. That is in spite of their high prevalence (60-90%) and major role in profiling T2D morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the gluco-centric paradigm fails to realize that the non-glycemic diseases of T2D are driven by insulin and, except for glycemic control, response to insulin in T2D is essentially the rule rather than the exception. Failure of the gluco-centric paradigm to offer an exhaustive unifying view of the glycemic and non-glycemic diseases of T2D may have contributed to T2D being still an unmet need. An mTORC1-centric paradigm maintains that hyperactive mTORC1 drives the glycemic and non-glycemic disease aspects of T2D. Hyperactive mTORC1 is proposed to act as double-edged agent, namely, to interfere with glycemic control by disrupting the insulin receptor-Akt transduction pathway, while concomitantly driving the non-glycemic diseases of T2D. The mTORC1-centric paradigm may offer a novel perspective for T2D in terms of pathogenesis, clinical focus and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bar-Tana
- Hebrew University Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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27
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α-Synuclein promotes IAPP fibril formation in vitro and β-cell amyloid formation in vivo in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20438. [PMID: 33235246 PMCID: PMC7686322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), alike Parkinson’s disease (PD), belongs to the group of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), which share aggregation of misfolded proteins as a hallmark. Although the major aggregating peptide in β-cells of T2D patients is Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), alpha-synuclein (αSyn), the aggregating peptide in substantia nigra neurons of PD patients, is expressed also in β-cells. Here we show that αSyn, encoded by Snca, is a component of amyloid extracted from pancreas of transgenic mice overexpressing human IAPP (denoted hIAPPtg mice) and from islets of T2D individuals. Notably, αSyn dose-dependently promoted IAPP fibril formation in vitro and tail-vein injection of αSyn in hIAPPtg mice enhanced β-cell amyloid formation in vivo whereas β-cell amyloid formation was reduced in hIAPPtg mice on a Snca −/− background. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that αSyn and IAPP co-aggregate both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a role for αSyn in β-cell amyloid formation.
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28
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Yang B, Covington BA, Chen W. In vivo generation and regeneration of β cells in zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 32613468 PMCID: PMC7329966 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathological feature of diabetes, hyperglycemia, is a result of an inadequate number and/or function of insulin producing β cells. Replenishing functional β cells is a strategy to cure the disease. Although β-cell regeneration occurs in animal models under certain conditions, human β cells are refractory to proliferation. A better understanding of both the positive and the negative regulatory mechanisms of β-cell regeneration in animal models is essential to develop novel strategies capable of inducing functional β cells in patients. Zebrafish are an attractive model system for studying β-cell regeneration due to the ease to which genetic and chemical-genetic approaches can be used as well as their high regenerative capacity. Here, we highlight the current state of β-cell regeneration studies in zebrafish with an emphasis on cell signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brittney A Covington
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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29
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Michelotti FC, Bowden G, Küppers A, Joosten L, Maczewsky J, Nischwitz V, Drews G, Maurer A, Gotthardt M, Schmid AM, Pichler BJ. PET/MRI enables simultaneous in vivo quantification of β-cell mass and function. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:398-410. [PMID: 31903128 PMCID: PMC6929626 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of β-cells represents a desirable preclinical and clinical tool to monitor the change of β-cell mass and the loss of function during pre-diabetic stages. Although it is widely accepted that manganese (Mn) ions are actively gated by voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) in response to glucose metabolism, little is known on its specificity in vivo for quantification of islet β-cell function using Mn and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the other hand, glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) represents a validated target for the estimation of β-cell mass using radiolabeled exendin-4 (Ex4) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, a multiparametric imaging workflow revealing β-cell mass and function quantitatively is still missing. Methods: We developed a simultaneous PET/MRI protocol to comprehensively quantify in vivo changes in β-cell mass and function by targeting, respectively, GLP-1R and VDCC coupled with insulin secretion. Differences in the spatial distribution of Mn and radiolabeled Ex4 were monitored overtime in native and transgenic pancreata, characterized by spontaneous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development. Follow-up with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and autoradiography allowed the ex vivo validation of the specificity of Mn and PET tracer uptake and the detection of endogenous biometals, such as calcium and zinc, throughout the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Results: Our in vivo data based on a volumetric PET/MRI readout for native pancreata and insulinomas connects uptake of Mn measured at early imaging time points to high non-specific binding by the exocrine tissue, while specific retention was only found 24 h post injection. These results are supported by cross-validation of the spatial distribution of exogenous 55Mn and endogenous 44Ca and 64Zn as well with the specific internalization of the radiolabeled peptide targeting GLP-1R. Conclusion: Simultaneous PET/MR imaging of the pancreas enabled the comprehensive in vivo quantification of β-cell function and mass using Mn and radiolabeled Ex4. Most important, our data revealed that only late time-point measurements reflect the Mn uptake in the islet β-cells, while early time points detect non-specific accumulation of Mn in the exocrine pancreas.
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30
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Du LJ, Pang B, Tan YM, Yang YN, Zhang MZ, Pang Q, Sun M, Ni Q. Banxia Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates t-BHP-Induced Apoptosis in Pancreatic Beta Cells by Activating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3695689. [PMID: 32377518 PMCID: PMC7191444 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3695689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXXD) reportedly regulates glycolipid metabolism and inhibits pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. This study is aimed at investigating the protective effect of BXXD on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS MIN6 cells were preincubated with BXXD or liraglutide (Li) with or without PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (LY) for 12 h, following which t-BHP was added to induce MIN6 cell apoptosis. The protective effects of BXXD on MIN6 cells were evaluated by detecting cell viability and proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The antiapoptotic effects were evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL). Malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase content and superoxide dismutase activity were measured using commercial kits. The expression of PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway-related signal molecules, and that of apoptotic indicators Bax, P27, and Caspase-3, was quantified using western blotting. RESULTS Preincubation with BXXD significantly improved t-BHP-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis and enhanced GSIS. t-BHP induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which could be neutralized by pretreatment with BXXD. BXXD promoted the phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1 in t-BHP-induced MIN6 cells. Moreover, BXXD attenuated the expression of related apoptotic indicators Bax, P27, and Caspase-3. LY abolished these effects of BXXD. CONCLUSION BXXD protected MIN6 cells against t-BHP-induced apoptosis and improved insulin secretory function through modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the downstream FOXO1, thus suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-juan Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-meng Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-nan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Makkar G, Shrivastava V, Hlavay B, Pretorius M, Kyle BD, Braun AP, Lynn FC, Huang C. Lrrc55 is a novel prosurvival factor in pancreatic islets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E794-E804. [PMID: 31526288 PMCID: PMC6879869 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets adapt to the increase in insulin demand during pregnancy by upregulating β-cell number, insulin synthesis, and secretion. These changes require prolactin receptor (PrlR) signaling, as mice with PrlR deletion are glucose intolerant with a lower β-cell mass. Prolactin also prevents β-cell apoptosis. Many genes participate in these adaptive changes in the islet, and Lrrc55 is one of the most upregulated genes with unknown function in islets. Because Lrrc55 expression increases in parallel to the increase in β-cell number and insulin production during pregnancy, we hypothesize that Lrrc55 might regulate β-cell proliferation/apoptosis (thus β-cell number) and insulin synthesis. Here, we found that Lrrc55 expression was upregulated by >60-fold during pregnancy in a PrlR-dependent manner, and this increase was restricted only to the islets. Overexpression of Lrrc55 in β-cells had minimal effect on β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion but protected β-cells from glucolipotoxicity-induced reduction in insulin gene expression. Moreover, Lrrc55 protects β-cells from glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis, with upregulation of prosurvival signals and downregulation of proapoptotic signals of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Furthermore, Lrrc55 attenuated calcium depletion induced by glucolipotoxicity, which may contribute to its antiapoptotic effect. Hence our findings suggest that Lrrc55 is a novel prosurvival factor that is upregulated specifically in islets during pregnancy, and it prevents conversion of adaptive unfolded protein response to unresolved ER stress and apoptosis in β-cells. Lrrc55 could be a potential therapeutic target in diabetes by reducing ER stress and promoting β-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Makkar
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vipul Shrivastava
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brittyne Hlavay
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marle Pretorius
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery & School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carol Huang
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the current understanding of "β cell identity" and factors underlying altered identity of pancreatic β cells in diabetes, especially in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Altered identity of β cells due to dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation has been proposed as a mechanism of loss of β cells in diabetes. In dedifferentiation, β cells do not undergo apoptosis; rather, they lose their identity and function. Dedifferentiation is well characterized by the decrease in expression of key β cell markers such as genes encoding major transcription factors, e.g., MafA, NeuroD1, Nkx6.1, and Foxo1, and an increase in atypical or "disallowed" genes for β cells such as lactate dehydrogenase, monocarboxylate transporter MCT1, or progenitor cell genes (Neurog3, Pax4, or Sox9). Moreover, altered identity of mature β cells in diabetes also involves transdifferentiation of β cells into other islet hormone producing cells. For example, overexpression of α cell specific transcription factor Arx or ablation of Pdx1 resulted in an increase of α cell numbers and a decrease in β cell numbers in rodents. The frequency of α-β double-positive cells was also prominent in human subjects with T2D. These altered identities of β cells likely serve as a compensatory response to enhance function/expand cell numbers and may also camouflage/protect cells from ongoing stress. However, it is equally likely that this may be a reflection of new cell formation as a frank regenerative response to ongoing tissue injury. Physiologically, all these responses are complementary. In diabetes, (1) endocrine identity recapitulates the less mature/less-differentiated fetal/neonatal cell type, possibly representing an adaptive mechanism; (2) residual β cells may be altered in their subtype proportions or other molecular features; (3) in humans, "altered identity" is a preferable term to dedifferentiation as their cellular fate (differentiated cells losing identity or progenitors becoming more differentiated) is unclear as yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
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Mishra JS, More AS, Kumar S. Elevated androgen levels induce hyperinsulinemia through increase in Ins1 transcription in pancreatic beta cells in female rats. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:520-531. [PMID: 29365042 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in adult females. We tested whether androgens dysregulate pancreatic beta cell function to induce hyperinsulinemia through transcriptional regulation of insulin gene (Ins) in the islets. Adult female Wistar rats implanted with dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 7.5-mg, 90-d release) or placebo pellets were examined after 10 weeks. DHT exposure increased plasma DHT levels by 2-fold similar to that in polycystic ovary syndrome in women. DHT exposure induced hyperinsulinemia with increased HOMA-IR index in fasting state and glucose intolerance and exaggerated insulin responses following glucose tolerance test. DHT females had no change in islet number, size and beta cell proliferation/apoptosis but exhibited significant mitochondrial dysfunction (higher ADP/ATP ratio, decreased mtDNA copy number, increased reactive oxygen production and downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis) and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Ins expression was increased in DHT islets. In vitro incubation of control islets with DHT dose dependently stimulated Ins transcription. Analysis of Ins1 gene revealed a putative androgen responsive element in the promoter. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays showed that androgen receptors bind to this element in response to DHT stimulation. Furthermore, reporter assays showed that the promoter element is highly responsive to androgens. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle was decreased with associated decrease in IRβ expression in DHT females. Our studies identified a novel androgen-mediated mechanism for the control of Ins expression via transcriptional regulation providing a molecular mechanism linking elevated androgens and hyperinsulemia. Decreased IRβ expression in the skeletal muscles may contribute, in part, to glucose intolerance in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amar S More
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Hsu YH, Chen YW, Wu MH, Tu LH. Protein Glycation by Glyoxal Promotes Amyloid Formation by Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. Biophys J 2019; 116:2304-2313. [PMID: 31155148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation, also known as nonenzymatic glycosylation, is a spontaneous post-translational modification that would change the structure and stability of proteins or hormone peptides. Recent studies have indicated that glycation plays a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last two decades, many types of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed through the reactions of an amino group of proteins with reducing sugars, have been identified and detected in vivo. However, the effect of glycation on protein aggregation has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aim to elucidate the impact of protein glycation on islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) aggregation, which was strongly associated with T2D. We chemically synthesized glycated IAPP (AGE-IAPP) to mimic the consequence of this hormone peptide in a hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) environment. Our data revealed that AGE-IAPP formed amyloid faster than normal IAPP, and higher-molecular-weight AGE-IAPP oligomers were also observed in the early stage of aggregation. Circular dichroism spectra also indicated that AGE-IAPP exhibited faster conformational changes from random coil to its β-sheet fibrillar states. Moreover, AGE-IAPP can induce normal IAPP to expedite its aggregation process, and its fibrils can also act as templates to promote IAPP aggregation. AGE-IAPP, like normal IAPP, is capable of interacting with synthetic membranes and also exhibits cytotoxicity. Our studies demonstrated that glycation modification of IAPP promotes the amyloidogenic properties of IAPP, and it may play a role in accumulating additional amyloid during T2D progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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Abstract
Histopathology based studies of the pancreas obtained from organ donors are increasing our awareness of islet phenotypic heterogeneity during development and aging, as well as in settings of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, monogenic diabetes or other forms of this metabolic disease. Islet amyloidosis represents a histopathological feature classically ascribed to patients with type 2 diabetes. Herein, the occurrence of islet amyloidosis and its severity are reported in a child with type 1 diabetes along with histological comparisons of islet amyloidosis in two young adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Islet amyloidosis was infrequent yet widely distributed throughout the pancreas in the child with type 1 diabetes and both adults with type 1 diabetes, with no such pathology seen in matched control donors. Analysis of these cases add to the increasing appreciation of islet heterogeneity in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Such knowledge also supports a notion that multiple pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the loss of functional β-cell mass in the spectrum of clinical phenotypes in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Beery
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura M. Jacobsen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- CONTACT Martha Campbell-Thompson Department of Pathology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100275, 1375 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Landsman L. Pancreatic Pericytes in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:27-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Costes S. Targeting protein misfolding to protect pancreatic beta-cells in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:104-110. [PMID: 30245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The islet in type 2 diabetes is characterized by beta-cell dysfunction and deficit, increased beta-cell apoptosis and amyloid deposits that derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). In species such as humans that are vulnerable to developing type 2 diabetes, IAPP has the propensity to form toxic oligomers that contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, defining type 2 diabetes as a protein misfolding disorder. In this report, we review mechanisms known to contribute to protein misfolding and formation of toxic oligomers, and the deleterious consequences of these oligomers on beta-cell function and survival. Finally, we will consider approaches to prevent protein misfolding and formation of toxic oligomers as potential novel therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes and other protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Costes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Gonzalez LL, Garrie K, Turner MD. Type 2 diabetes - An autoinflammatory disease driven by metabolic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3805-3823. [PMID: 30251697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been viewed as a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic high glucose levels, insulin resistance, and declining insulin secretion from the pancreas. Modern lifestyle, with abundant nutrient supply and reduced physical activity, has resulted in dramatic increases in the rates of obesity-associated disease conditions, including diabetes. The associated excess of nutrients induces a state of systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that results from production and secretion of inflammatory mediators from the expanded pool of activated adipocytes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which obesity induces adipose tissue dysregulation, detailing the roles of adipose tissue secreted factors and their action upon other cells and tissues central to glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, given the emerging importance of adipokines, cytokines and chemokines in disease progression, we suggest that type 2 diabetes should now be viewed as an autoinflammatory disease, albeit one that is driven by metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Garrie
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Turner
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Xia G, Zhu T, Li X, Jin Y, Zhou J, Xiao J. ROS‑mediated autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway protects INS‑1 cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide‑induced cytotoxicity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2744-2752. [PMID: 30015901 PMCID: PMC6102651 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is toxic and contributes to progressive reduction of β cell mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism in eukaryotes. Previous studies have confirmed that hIAPP can promote autophagy in β cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism and cellular regulatory pathway of hIAPP-induced autophagy remains not fully elucidated. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes hIAPP induced-β cell death. At present, little is known about the association between hIAPP-induced oxidative stress and autophagy in β cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway of hIAPP-induced autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number of autophagosome in cells. Cell viability was determined by an MTT test. A 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay was used to measure the relative levels of reactive ROS. Western blotting was used to detect expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and autophagic markers p62 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3. The results demonstrated that hIAPP induces autophagy through ROS-mediated AMPK signaling pathway in INS-1 cells. Upregulation of autophagy by AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside decreased ROS and malondialdehyde generation, whereas inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine and AMPK inhibitor compound C aggravated hIAPP-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in INS-1 cells. Taken together, the present study suggested that hIAPP induces autophagy via a ROS-mediated AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, autophagy serves as a cell-protective mechanism against hIAPP-induced toxicity and chemical promotion of autophagy through AMPK signaling pathway attenuates hIAPP induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tiehong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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41
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Ali Z, Chandrasekera PC, Pippin JJ. Animal research for type 2 diabetes mellitus, its limited translation for clinical benefit, and the way forward. Altern Lab Anim 2018; 46:13-22. [PMID: 29553794 DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached pandemic proportions worldwide, and considerable research efforts have been dedicated to investigating disease pathology and therapeutic options. The two hallmark features of T2DM, insulin resistance and pancreatic dysfunction, have been studied extensively by using various animal models. Despite the knowledge acquired from such models, particularly mechanistic discoveries that sometimes mimic human T2DM mechanisms or pathways, many details of human T2DM pathogenesis remain unknown, therapeutic options remain limited, and a cure has eluded research. Emerging human data have raised concern regarding inter-species differences at many levels (e.g. in gene regulation, pancreatic cytoarchitecture, glucose transport, and insulin secretion regulation), and the subsequent impact of these differences on the clinical translation of animal research findings. Therefore, it is important to recognise and address the translational gap between basic animal-based research and the clinical advances needed to prevent and treat T2DM. The purpose of this report is to identify some limitations of T2DM animal research, and to propose how greater human relevance and applicability of hypothesis-driven basic T2DM research could be achieved through the use of human-based data acquisition at various biological levels. This report addresses how in vitro, in vivo and in silico technologies could be used to investigate particular aspects of human glucose regulation. We do not propose that T2DM animal research has been without value in the identification of mechanisms, pathways, or potential targets for therapies, nor do we claim that human-based methods can provide all the answers. We recognise that the ultimate goal of T2DM animal research is to identify ways to advance the prevention, recognition and treatment of T2DM in humans, but postulate that this is where the use of animal models falls short, despite decades of effort. The best way to achieve this goal is by prioritising human-centred research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ali
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - John J Pippin
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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42
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Ruiz L, Gurlo T, Ravier MA, Wojtusciszyn A, Mathieu J, Brown MR, Broca C, Bertrand G, Butler PC, Matveyenko AV, Dalle S, Costes S. Proteasomal degradation of the histone acetyl transferase p300 contributes to beta-cell injury in a diabetes environment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:600. [PMID: 29789539 PMCID: PMC5964068 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, amyloid oligomers, chronic hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are detrimental to beta-cells, causing apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion. The histone acetyl transferase p300, involved in remodeling of chromatin structure by epigenetic mechanisms, is a key ubiquitous activator of the transcriptional machinery. In this study, we report that loss of p300 acetyl transferase activity and expression leads to beta-cell apoptosis, and most importantly, that stress situations known to be associated with diabetes alter p300 levels and functional integrity. We found that proteasomal degradation is the mechanism subserving p300 loss in beta-cells exposed to hyperglycemia or pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also report that melatonin, a hormone produced in the pineal gland and known to play key roles in beta-cell health, preserves p300 levels altered by these toxic conditions. Collectively, these data imply an important role for p300 in the pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ruiz
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Magalie A Ravier
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Mathieu
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Peter C Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia Costes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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43
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Kong S, Ruan J, Zhang K, Hu B, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Li K. Kill two birds with one stone: making multi-transgenic pre-diabetes mouse models through insulin resistance and pancreatic apoptosis pathogenesis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4542. [PMID: 29682407 PMCID: PMC5909684 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance accompanied by defective insulin secretion. Transgenic mouse models play an important role in medical research. However, single transgenic mouse models may not mimic the complex phenotypes of most cases of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Focusing on genes related to pancreatic islet damage, peripheral insulin resistance and related environmental inducing factors, we generated single-transgenic (C/EBP homology protein, CHOP) mice (CHOP mice), dual-transgenic (human islet amyloid polypeptide, hIAPP; CHOP) mice (hIAPP-CHOP mice) and triple-transgenic (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, 11β-HSD1; hIAPP; CHOP) mice (11β-HSD1-hIAPP- CHOP mice). The latter two types of transgenic (Tg) animals were induced with high-fat high-sucrose diets (HFHSD). We analyzed the diabetes-related symptoms and histology features of the transgenic animals. RESULTS Comparing symptoms on the spot-checked points, we determined that the triple-transgene mice were more suitable for systematic study. The results of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT) of triple-transgene animals began to change 60 days after induction (p < 0.001). After 190 days of induction, the body weights (p < 0.01) and plasma glucose of the animals in Tg were higher than those of the animals in Negative Control (Nc). After sacrificed, large amounts of lipid were found deposited in adipose (p < 0.01) and ectopically deposited in the non-adipose tissues (p < 0.05 or 0.01) of the animals in the Tg HFHSD group. The weights of kidneys and hearts of Tg animals were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Serum C peptide (C-P) was decreased due to Tg effects, and insulin levels were increased due to the effects of the HFHSD in the Tg HFHSD group, indicating that damaged insulin secretion and insulin resistance hyperinsulinemia existed simultaneously in these animals. The serum corticosterone of Tg was slightly higher than those of Nc due to the effects of the 11βHSD-1 transgene and obesity. In Tg HFHSD, hepatic adipose deposition was more severe and the pancreatic islet area was enlarged under compensation, accompanying apoptosis. In the transgenic control diet (Tg ControlD) group, hepatic adipose deposition was also severe, pancreatic islets were damaged, and their areas were decreased (p < 0.05), and apoptosis of pancreatic cells occurred. Taken together, these data show the transgenes led to early-stage pathological changes characteristic of type 2 diabetes in the triple-transgene HFHSD group. The disease of triple-transgenic mice was more severe than that of dual or single-transgenic mice. CONCLUSION The use of multi-transgenes involved in insulin resistance and pancreatic apoptosis is a better way to generate polygene-related early-stage diabetes models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Birol M, Kumar S, Rhoades E, Miranker AD. Conformational switching within dynamic oligomers underpins toxic gain-of-function by diabetes-associated amyloid. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1312. [PMID: 29615609 PMCID: PMC5882805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide mediated gain-of-toxic function is central to pathology in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and diabetes. In each system, self-assembly into oligomers is observed and can also result in poration of artificial membranes. Structural requirements for poration and the relationship of structure to cytotoxicity is unaddressed. Here we focus on islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) mediated loss-of-insulin secreting cells in patients with diabetes. Newly developed methods enable structure-function enquiry to focus on intracellular oligomers composed of hundreds of IAPP. The key insights are that porating oligomers are internally dynamic, grow in discrete steps and are not canonical amyloid. Moreover, two classes of poration occur; an IAPP-specific ligand establishes that only one is cytotoxic. Toxic rescue occurs by stabilising non-toxic poration without displacing IAPP from mitochondria. These insights illuminate cytotoxic mechanism in diabetes and also provide a generalisable approach for enquiry applicable to other partially ordered protein assemblies. Toxic gain-of-function by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is thought to be mediated by membrane poration. Here the authors develop diluted-FRET to show that changes in pore structure correlate with onset of toxicity inside insulin secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Birol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231S. 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520-8114, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center for Arts and Science, 100 Washington Square East, 10th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231S. 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Andrew D Miranker
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520-8114, USA.
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45
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Zhang Y, Warnock GL, Ao Z, Park YJ, Safikhan N, Ghahary A, Marzban L. Amyloid formation reduces protein kinase B phosphorylation in primary islet β-cells which is improved by blocking IL-1β signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193184. [PMID: 29474443 PMCID: PMC5825069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation in the pancreatic islets due to aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) contributes to reduced β-cell mass and function in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and islet transplantation. Protein kinase B (PKB) signaling plays a key role in the regulation of β-cell survival, function and proliferation. In this study, we used human and hIAPP-expressing transgenic mouse islets in culture as two ex vivo models of human islet amyloid formation to: 1. Investigate the effects of amyloid formation on PKB phosphorylation in primary islet β-cells; 2. Test if inhibition of amyloid formation and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling in islets can restore the changes in β-cell phospho-PKB levels mediated by amyloid formation. Human and hIAPP-expressing mouse islets were cultured in elevated glucose with an amyloid inhibitor (Congo red) or embedded within collagen matrix to prevent amyloid formation. To block the IL-1β signaling, human islets were treated with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (exenatide). β-cell phospho-PKB levels, proliferation, apoptosis, islet IL-1β levels and amyloid formation were assessed. Amyloid formation in both cultured human and hIAPP-expressing mouse islets reduced β-cell phospho-PKB levels and increased islet IL-1β levels, both of which were restored by prevention of amyloid formation either by the amyloid inhibitor or embedding islets in collagen matrix, resulting in improved β-cell survival. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling by treatment with anakinra or exenatide increased β-cell phospho-PKB levels, enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis in amyloid forming human islets during 7-day culture. These data suggest that amyloid formation leads to reduced PKB phosphorylation in β-cells which is associated with elevated islet IL-1β levels. Inhibitors of amyloid or amyloid-induced IL-1β production may provide a new approach to restore phospho-PKB levels thereby enhance β-cell survival and proliferation in conditions associated with islet amyloid formation such as T2D and clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Garth L. Warnock
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ao
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nooshin Safikhan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020476. [PMID: 29415457 PMCID: PMC5855698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes. However, until recently, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. The breakthrough discovery that the common polymorphism in zinc transporter SLC30A8/ZnT8 may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes provided novel insights into the role of zinc in diabetes. Our group and others showed that altered ZnT8 function may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, indicating that the precise control of zinc homeostasis is crucial for maintaining health and preventing various diseases, including lifestyle-associated diseases. Recently, the role of the zinc transporter ZIP13 in the regulation of beige adipocyte biogenesis was clarified, which indicated zinc homeostasis regulation as a possible therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Here we review advances in the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology of diabetes, and propose that inadequate zinc distribution may affect the onset of diabetes and metabolic diseases by regulating various critical biological events.
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Erthal LCS, Jotha-Mattos L, Lara FA, Dos Reis SA, de Oliveira Pascarelli BM, Costa CM, Souza KLA, Lima LMTR. The toxic nature of murine amylin and the immune responsivity of pancreatic islet to conformational antibody in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:1-7. [PMID: 29372531 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human amylin is a pancreatic peptide hormone found in hyperhormonemic state along with insulin in subclinical diabetes. Amylin has been associated with the pathology of type 2 diabetes, particularly due to its ability to assembly into toxic oligomers and amyloid specimens. On the other hand, some variants such as murine amylin has been described as non-amyloidogenic, either in vitro or in vivo. Recent data have demonstrated the amyloid propensity of murine amylin and the therapeutic analogue pramlintide, suggesting a universality for amylin amyloidosis. Here, we report the amyloidogenesis of murine amylin, which showed lower responsivity to the fluorescent probe thioflavin T compared to human amylin, but presented highly organized fibrilar amyloid material. The aggregation of murine amylin also resulted in the formation of cytotoxic specimens, as evaluated in vitro in INS-1 cells. The aggregation product from murine amylin was responsive to a specific antibody raised against amyloid oligomers, the A11 oligomer antibody. Pancreatic islets of wild-type Swiss male mice have also shown responsivity for the anti-oligomer, indicating the natural abundance of such specimen in rodents. These data provide for the first time evidences for the toxic nature of oligomeric assemblies of murine amylin and its existence in wild-type, non-transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C S Erthal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Luana Jotha-Mattos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cinthia Melo Costa
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Kleber L A Souza
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil. .,Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), Brazilian National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Av. N. Sa. das Graças, 50 - Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 25250-020, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (INBEB-INCT), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil. .,School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss24, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.
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Kawada Y, Asahara SI, Sugiura Y, Sato A, Furubayashi A, Kawamura M, Bartolome A, Terashi-Suzuki E, Takai T, Kanno A, Koyanagi-Kimura M, Matsuda T, Hashimoto N, Kido Y. Histone deacetylase regulates insulin signaling via two pathways in pancreatic β cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184435. [PMID: 28886131 PMCID: PMC5590960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that insulin signaling plays important roles in the regulation of pancreatic β cell mass, the reduction of which is known to be involved in the development of diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying the alteration of insulin signaling in pancreatic β cells remains unclear. The involvement of epigenetic control in the onset of diabetes has also been reported. Thus, we analyzed the epigenetic control of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression in the MIN6 mouse insulinoma cell line. We found concomitant IRS2 up-regulation and enhanced insulin signaling in MIN6 cells, which resulted in an increase in cell proliferation. The H3K9 acetylation status of the Irs2 promoter was positively associated with IRS2 expression. Treatment of MIN6 cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors led to increased IRS2 expression, but this occurred in concert with low insulin signaling. We observed increased IRS2 lysine acetylation as a consequence of histone deacetylase inhibition, a modification that was coupled with a decrease in IRS2 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that insulin signaling in pancreatic β cells is regulated by histone deacetylases through two novel pathways affecting IRS2: the epigenetic control of IRS2 expression by H3K9 promoter acetylation, and the regulation of IRS2 activity through protein modification. The identification of the histone deacetylase isoform(s) involved in these mechanisms would be a valuable approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Kawada
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sugiura
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayuko Furubayashi
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mao Kawamura
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Alberto Bartolome
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emi Terashi-Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kanno
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maki Koyanagi-Kimura
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuda
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Al-Khawaga S, Memon B, Butler AE, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. Pathways governing development of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells: lessons from embryogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou-Samra
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
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Park YJ, Warnock GL, Ao Z, Safikhan N, Meloche M, Asadi A, Kieffer TJ, Marzban L. Dual role of interleukin-1β in islet amyloid formation and its β-cell toxicity: Implications for type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:682-694. [PMID: 28058779 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Islet amyloid, formed by aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), contributes to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes, cultured and transplanted islets. We previously showed that biosynthetic hIAPP aggregates induce β-cell Fas upregulation and activation of the Fas apoptotic pathway. We used cultured human and hIAPP-expressing mouse islets to investigate: (1) the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in amyloid-induced Fas upregulation; and (2) the effects of IL-1β-induced β-cell dysfunction on pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP) processing and amyloid formation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Human and h IAPP -expressing mouse islets were cultured to form amyloid without or with the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anakinra, in the presence or absence of recombinant IL-1β. Human islets in which amyloid formation was prevented (amyloid inhibitor or Ad-prohIAPP-siRNA) were cultured similarly. β-cell function, apoptosis, Fas expression, caspase-8 activation, islet IL-1β, β-cell area, β-/α-cell ratio, amyloid formation, and (pro)IAPP forms were assessed. RESULTS hIAPP aggregates were found to increase IL-1β levels in cultured human islets that correlated with β-cell Fas upregulation, caspase-8 activation and apoptosis, all of which were reduced by IL-1Ra treatment or prevention of amyloid formation. Moreover, IL-1Ra improved culture-induced β-cell dysfunction and restored impaired proIAPP processing, leading to lower amyloid formation. IL-1β treatment potentiated impaired proIAPP processing and increased amyloid formation in cultured human and h IAPP -expressing mouse islets, which were prevented by IL-1Ra. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β plays a dual role by: (1) mediating amyloid-induced Fas upregulation and β-cell apoptosis; (2) inducing impaired proIAPP processing thereby potentiating amyloid formation. Blocking IL-1β may provide a new strategy to preserve β cells in conditions associated with islet amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Garth L Warnock
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ao
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nooshin Safikhan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Meloche
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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