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Fisker FA, Voss TS, Svart MV, Kampmann U, Vendelbo MH, Bengtsen MB, Lauritzen ES, Møller N, Jessen N. Insulin Signaling Is Preserved in Skeletal Muscle During Early Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e155-e162. [PMID: 37554078 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), muscle tissue develops a profound insulin resistance that complicates reversal of this potentially lethal condition. We have investigated mediators of insulin action in human skeletal muscle during total insulin withdrawal in patients with type 1 diabetes, under the hypothesis that initial phases of DKA are associated with impaired postreceptor signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained during a randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving 9 patients with type 1 diabetes. The subjects were investigated during a high-dose insulin clamp preceded by either: (1) insulin-controlled euglycemia (control) or (2) total insulin withdrawal for 14 hours. Insulin action in skeletal muscle and whole-body substrate metabolism were investigated using western blot analysis and indirect calorimetry respectively. RESULTS During insulin withdrawal, insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreased by ∼30% (P < .05) compared with the control situation. This was associated with a decrease in glucose oxidation by ∼30% (P < .05). Despite alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis (Akt, AS160, mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein) was intact, and glucose transporter (GLUT4) and mitochondrial proteins (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A and prohibitin 1) protein expression were unaffected by the intervention. CONCLUSION DKA impairs insulin-stimulated activation of glycogen synthase, whereas insulin signal transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis remains intact. Reversal of insulin resistance during treatment of DKA should target postreceptor mediators of glucose uptake. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02077348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke A Fisker
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Voss
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads B Bengtsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben S Lauritzen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Lemmens D, de Meeûs d’Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, de Maré L, Leybaert L, Goethals K, de Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Devisscher L, Delesalle C. Dynamics of training and acute exercise-induced shifts in muscular glucose transporter (GLUT) 4, 8, and 12 expression in locomotion versus posture muscles in healthy horses. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1256217. [PMID: 37654675 PMCID: PMC10466803 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1256217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Important changes in glucose transporter (GLUT) expression should be expected if the glucose influx plays a pivotal role in fuelling or connecting metabolic pathways that are upregulated in response to exercise. The aim was to assess GLUT4, 8, and 12 dynamics in response to training and acute exercise. Methods: Sixteen untrained Standardbred mares (3-4 year) performed an incremental SET at the start and end of 8 weeks harness training. M. pectoralis (PM) and M. vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies were taken before and after each SET, allowing for comparing rest and acute samples in untrained (UT) and trained (T) condition using Western Blot for GLUT quantification and Image Pro v.10 for Blot analysis. Data were normalized against GAPDH. Basal GLUT-levels of PM versus VL were analysed with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The effect of acute exercise or training was assessed using the Friedman test with a post hoc Dunn's. Results: Basal GLUT4 and GLUT12 protein expression were significantly higher in the VL compared to the PM (PGLUT4 = 0.031 and PGLUT12 = 0.002). Training had no effect on basal GLUT4 expression, neither in the VL (p > 0.9999), nor the PM (p > 0.9999). However, acute exercise in trained condition significantly decreased GLUT4 expression in the VL (p = 0.0148). Neither training nor acute exercise significantly changed total GLUT8 protein expression. Training significantly decreased total GLUT12 protein expression in rest biopsies, only visible in the VL (p = 0.0359). This decrease was even more prominent in the VL after acute exercise in trained condition (PVL = 0.0025). Conclusion: The important changes seen in GLUT12 expression downregulation, both in response to training and acute exercise in the horse, the downregulation of GLUT4 expression after acute exercise in trained condition and the lack of differential shifts in GLUT8 expression in any of the studied conditions, questions the importance of glucose as substrate to fuel training and exercise in healthy horses. These findings encourage to further explore alternative fuels for their involvement in equine muscular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vidal Moreno de Vega
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diete Lemmens
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Constance de Meeûs d’Argenteuil
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | - Lorie de Maré
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klara Goethals
- Biometrics Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cathérine Delesalle
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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3
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Møller LLV, Ali MS, Davey J, Raun SH, Andersen NR, Long JZ, Qian H, Jeppesen JF, Henriquez-Olguin C, Frank E, Jensen TE, Højlund K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Nielsen J, Chiu TT, Jedrychowski MP, Gregorevic P, Klip A, Richter EA, Sylow L. The Rho guanine dissociation inhibitor α inhibits skeletal muscle Rac1 activity and insulin action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211041120. [PMID: 37364105 PMCID: PMC10318982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211041120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular events governing skeletal muscle glucose uptake have pharmacological potential for managing insulin resistance in conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. With no current pharmacological treatments to target skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, there is an unmet need to identify the molecular mechanisms that control insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Here, the Rho guanine dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) is identified as a point of control in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. In skeletal muscle cells, RhoGDIα interacted with, and thereby inhibited, the Rho GTPase Rac1. In response to insulin, RhoGDIα was phosphorylated at S101 and Rac1 dissociated from RhoGDIα to facilitate skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated RhoGDIα depletion increased Rac1 activity and elevated GLUT4 translocation. Consistent with RhoGDIα's inhibitory effect, rAAV-mediated RhoGDIα overexpression in mouse muscle decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and was detrimental to whole-body glucose tolerance. Aligning with RhoGDIα's negative role in insulin sensitivity, RhoGDIα protein content was elevated in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes. These data identify RhoGDIα as a clinically relevant controller of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose homeostasis, mechanistically by modulating Rac1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth L. V. Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mona S. Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Davey
- The Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Steffen H. Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Hongwei Qian
- The Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Jacob F. Jeppesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, 7501015Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tim T. Chiu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark P. Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- The Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
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4
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Valberg SJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Williams ZJ, Pagan JD, Mesquita V, Waldridge B, Maresca-Fichter H. Novel Expression of GLUT3, GLUT6 and GLUT10 in Equine Gluteal Muscle Following Glycogen-Depleting Exercise: Impact of Dietary Starch and Fat. Metabolites 2023; 13:718. [PMID: 37367876 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses have a slow rate of muscle glycogen repletion relative to other species for unknown reasons. Our aim was to determine the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and genes impacting GLUT4 expression and translocation in the gluteal muscle. Five fit Thoroughbred horses performed glycogen-depleting exercises on high-starch (HS, 2869 g starch/day) and low-starch, high-fat diets (LS-HF, 358 g starch/d) with gluteal muscle biopsies obtained before and after depletion and during repletion. Muscle glycogen declined by ≈30% on both diets with little increase during repletion on LS-HF. Transcriptomic analysis identified differential expression (DE) of only 2/12 genes impacting GLUT4 translocation (two subunits of AMP protein kinase) and only at depletion on LS-HF. Only 1/13 genes encoding proteins that promote GLUT4 transcription had increased DE (PPARGC1A at depletion LS-HF). GLUT4 comprised ≈30% of total GLUT mRNA expression at rest. Remarkably, by 72 h of repletion expression of GLUT3, GLUT6 and GLUT10 increased to ≈25% of total GLUT mRNA. Expression of GLUT6 and GLUT10 lagged from 24 h of repletion on HS to 72 h on LS-HF. Lacking an increase in GLUT4 gene expression in response to glycogen-depleting exercise, equine muscle increases GLUT3, GLUT6 and GLUT10 expression potentially to enhance glucose transport, resembling responses observed in resistance trained GLUT4-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Valberg
- McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson RD, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Deborah Velez-Irizarry
- McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson RD, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zoe J Williams
- McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson RD, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joe D Pagan
- Kentucky Equine Research, 3910 Delany Ferry Rd., Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Vanesa Mesquita
- Kentucky Equine Research, 3910 Delany Ferry Rd., Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Brian Waldridge
- Kentucky Equine Research, 3910 Delany Ferry Rd., Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Hailey Maresca-Fichter
- McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson RD, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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5
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Kim CJ, Singh C, Lee C, DiMagno K, O'Donnell M, Kaczmarek M, Ahmed A, Salvo‐Schaich J, Perez A, Letsou W, Sepulveda MC, Ramos RL, Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1 ablation in skeletal muscle results in increased glucose tolerance concomitant with upregulated GLUT expression in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15674. [PMID: 37170065 PMCID: PMC10175242 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is closely regulated to maintain energy requirements of vital organs and skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in this process. Mustn1 is expressed during embryonic and postnatal skeletal muscle development and its function has been implicated in myogenic differentiation and myofusion. Whether Mustn1 plays a role in glucose homeostasis in anyway remains largely unknown. As such, we deleted Mustn1 in skeletal muscle using a conditional knockout (KO) mouse approach. KO mice did not reveal any specific gross phenotypic alterations in skeletal muscle. However, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) revealed that 2-month-old male KO mice had significantly lower glycemia than their littermate wild type (WT) controls. These findings coincided with mRNA changes in genes known to be involved in glucose metabolism, tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; 2-month-old male KO mice had significantly higher expression of GLUT1 and GLUT10 transporters, MUP-1 while OSTN expression was lower. These differences in glycemia and gene expression were statistically insignificant after 4 months. Identical experiments in female KO and WT control mice did not indicate any differences at any age. Our results suggest a link between Mustn1 expression and glucose homeostasis during a restricted period of skeletal muscle development/maturation. While this is an observational study, Mustn1's relationship to glucose homeostasis appears to be more complex with a possible connection to other key proteins such as GLUTs, MUP-1, and OSTN. Additionally, our data indicate temporal and sex differences. Lastly, our findings strengthen the notion that Mustn1 plays a role in the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Kim
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Chanpreet Singh
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin DiMagno
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Madison O'Donnell
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Marina Kaczmarek
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Arhum Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Jessica Salvo‐Schaich
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexis Perez
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - William Letsou
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Raddy L. Ramos
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
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6
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McMillin SL, Evans PL, Taylor WM, Weyrauch LA, Sermersheim TJ, Welc SS, Heitmeier MR, Hresko RC, Hruz PW, Koumanov F, Holman GD, Abel ED, Witczak CA. Muscle-Specific Ablation of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) Does Not Impair Basal or Overload-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121734. [PMID: 36551162 PMCID: PMC9776291 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is believed to solely mediate basal (insulin-independent) glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; yet recent work has demonstrated that mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, increases muscle GLUT1 levels. The primary objective of this study was to determine if GLUT1 is necessary for basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Muscle-specific GLUT1 knockout (mGLUT1KO) mice were generated and examined for changes in body weight, body composition, metabolism, systemic glucose regulation, muscle glucose transporters, and muscle [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake ± the GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876. [3H]-hexose uptake ± BAY-876 was also examined in HEK293 cells-expressing GLUT1-6 or GLUT10. mGLUT1KO mice exhibited no impairments in body weight, lean mass, whole body metabolism, glucose tolerance, basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. There was no compensation by the insulin-responsive GLUT4. In mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, overload stimulated higher expression of mechanosensitive GLUT6, but not GLUT3 or GLUT10. In control and mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, 0.05 µM BAY-876 impaired overload-stimulated, but not basal glucose uptake. In the GLUT-HEK293 cells, BAY-876 inhibited glucose uptake via GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6, and GLUT10. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GLUT1 does not mediate basal muscle glucose uptake and suggest that a novel glucose transport mechanism mediates overload-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L. McMillin
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Parker L. Evans
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - William M. Taylor
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Luke A. Weyrauch
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Tyler J. Sermersheim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Monique R. Heitmeier
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard C. Hresko
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paul W. Hruz
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey D. Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carol A. Witczak
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Stocks B, Zierath JR. Post-translational Modifications: The Signals at the Intersection of Exercise, Glucose Uptake, and Insulin Sensitivity. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:654-677. [PMID: 34730177 PMCID: PMC9277643 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, of which type 2 diabetes makes up the majority of cases. Nonetheless, for some individuals, type 2 diabetes is eminently preventable and treatable via lifestyle interventions. Glucose uptake into skeletal muscle increases during and in recovery from exercise, with exercise effective at controlling glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, acute and chronic exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle to insulin. A complex network of signals converge and interact to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in response to exercise. Numerous forms of post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, ribosylation, and more) are regulated by exercise. Here we review the current state of the art of the role of post-translational modifications in transducing exercise-induced signals to modulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity within skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we consider emerging evidence for noncanonical signaling in the control of glucose homeostasis and the potential for regulation by exercise. While exercise is clearly an effective intervention to reduce glycemia and improve insulin sensitivity, the insulin- and exercise-sensitive signaling networks orchestrating this biology are not fully clarified. Elucidation of the complex proteome-wide interactions between post-translational modifications and the associated functional implications will identify mechanisms by which exercise regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In doing so, this knowledge should illuminate novel therapeutic targets to enhance insulin sensitivity for the clinical management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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9
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Hwang J, Thurmond DC. Exocytosis Proteins: Typical and Atypical Mechanisms of Action in Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915509. [PMID: 35774142 PMCID: PMC9238359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is of fundamental importance to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia, and long-term deficits in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake underlie insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of the peripheral glucose uptake from circulation via the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4. GLUT4 is mainly sequestered in intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles in the basal state. In response to insulin, the GLUT4 storage vesicles rapidly translocate to the plasma membrane, where they undergo vesicle docking, priming, and fusion via the high-affinity interactions among the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) exocytosis proteins and their regulators. Numerous studies have elucidated that GLUT4 translocation is defective in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also links defects in several SNAREs and SNARE regulatory proteins to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans. Therefore, we highlight the latest research on the role of SNAREs and their regulatory proteins in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Subsequently, we discuss the novel emerging role of SNARE proteins as interaction partners in pathways not typically thought to involve SNAREs and how these atypical functions reveal novel therapeutic targets for combating peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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10
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Pellinger TK, Emhoff CAW. Skeletal Muscle Hyperemia: A Potential Bridge Between Post-exercise Hypotension and Glucose Regulation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821919. [PMID: 35173625 PMCID: PMC8841576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the hemodynamic response to regular physical activity is important for regulating blood glucose, protecting vascular function, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to these benefits of regular physical activity, evidence suggests even a single bout of dynamic exercise promotes increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity during the acute recovery period. Importantly, post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which is defined as a sustained reduction in arterial pressure following a single bout of exercise, appears to be blunted in those with T2D compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. In this short review, we describe research that suggests the sustained post-exercise vasodilation often observed in PEH may sub-serve glycemic regulation following exercise in both healthy individuals and those with T2D. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of enhanced perfusion, both macrovascular and microvascular, and glucose flux following exercise. Finally, we propose future research directions to enhance our understanding of the relationship between post-exercise hemodynamics and glucose regulation in healthy individuals and in those with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Pellinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Pellinger,
| | - Chi-An W. Emhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
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11
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Heckmann M, Klanert G, Sandner G, Lanzerstorfer P, Auer M, Weghuber J. Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35008072 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into target tissue is crucial for the maintenance of normal blood glucose homeostasis. This step is rate-limited by the number of facilitative glucose transporters type 4 (GLUT4) present in the plasma membrane. Since insulin resistance and impaired GLUT4 translocation are associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, this transporter has become an important target of antidiabetic drug research. The application of screening approaches that are based on the analysis of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane to identify substances with insulinomimetic properties has gained global research interest in recent years. Here, we review methods that have been implemented to quantitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. These methods can be broadly divided into two sections: microscopy-based technologies (e.g., immunoelectron, confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) and biochemical and spectrometric approaches (e.g., membrane fractionation, photoaffinity labeling or flow cytometry). In this review, we discuss the most relevant approaches applied to GLUT4 thus far, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, and we provide a critical discussion and outlook into new methodological opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Heckmann
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Gerald Klanert
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln, 3430, AUSTRIA
| | - Georg Sandner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Division of Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Medical School, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Julian Weghuber
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
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12
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The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:751-771. [PMID: 34285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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13
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O'Reilly CL, Uranga S, Fluckey JD. Culprits or consequences: Understanding the metabolic dysregulation of muscle in diabetes. World J Biol Chem 2021; 12:70-86. [PMID: 34630911 PMCID: PMC8473417 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise despite the amount of research dedicated to finding the culprits of this debilitating disease. Skeletal muscle is arguably the most important contributor to glucose disposal making it a clear target in insulin resistance and T2D research. Within skeletal muscle there is a clear link to metabolic dysregulation during the progression of T2D but the determination of culprits vs consequences of the disease has been elusive. Emerging evidence in skeletal muscle implicates influential cross talk between a key anabolic regulatory protein, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2), and the well-described canonical signaling for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This new understanding of cellular signaling crosstalk has blurred the lines of what is a culprit and what is a consequence with regard to insulin resistance. Here, we briefly review the most recent understanding of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and how anabolic responses favoring anabolism directly impact cellular glucose disposal. This review highlights key cross-over interactions between protein and glucose regulatory pathways and the implications this may have for the design of new therapeutic targets for the control of glucoregulatory function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selina Uranga
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
| | - James D Fluckey
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
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14
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A xanthene derivative, DS20060511, attenuates glucose intolerance by inducing skeletal muscle-specific GLUT4 translocation in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:994. [PMID: 34417555 PMCID: PMC8379256 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle is an important pathophysiological abnormality in type 2 diabetes, and is caused by impaired translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the skeletal muscle cell surface. Here, we show a xanthene derivative, DS20060511, induces GLUT4 translocation to the skeletal muscle cell surface, thereby stimulating glucose uptake into the tissue. DS20060511 induced GLUT4 translocation and stimulated glucose uptake into differentiated L6-myotubes and into the skeletal muscles in mice. These effects were completely abolished in GLUT4 knockout mice. Induction of GLUT4 translocation by DS20060511 was independent of the insulin signaling pathways including IRS1-Akt-AS160 phosphorylation and IRS1-Rac1-actin polymerization, eNOS pathway, and AMPK pathway. Acute and chronic DS20060511 treatment attenuated the glucose intolerance in obese diabetic mice. Taken together, DS20060511 acts as a skeletal muscle-specific GLUT4 translocation enhancer to facilitate glucose uptake. Further studies of DS20060511 may pave the way for the development of novel antidiabetic medicines.
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15
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Davegårdh C, Säll J, Benrick A, Broholm C, Volkov P, Perfilyev A, Henriksen TI, Wu Y, Hjort L, Brøns C, Hansson O, Pedersen M, Würthner JU, Pfeffer K, Nilsson E, Vaag A, Stener-Victorin E, Pircs K, Scheele C, Ling C. VPS39-deficiency observed in type 2 diabetes impairs muscle stem cell differentiation via altered autophagy and epigenetics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2431. [PMID: 33893273 PMCID: PMC8065135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and lower muscle quality (strength divided by mass) are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explore whether alterations in muscle stem cells (myoblasts) from individuals with T2D contribute to these phenotypes. We identify VPS39 as an important regulator of myoblast differentiation and muscle glucose uptake, and VPS39 is downregulated in myoblasts and myotubes from individuals with T2D. We discover a pathway connecting VPS39-deficiency in human myoblasts to impaired autophagy, abnormal epigenetic reprogramming, dysregulation of myogenic regulators, and perturbed differentiation. VPS39 knockdown in human myoblasts has profound effects on autophagic flux, insulin signaling, epigenetic enzymes, DNA methylation and expression of myogenic regulators, and gene sets related to the cell cycle, muscle structure and apoptosis. These data mimic what is observed in myoblasts from individuals with T2D. Furthermore, the muscle of Vps39+/- mice display reduced glucose uptake and altered expression of genes regulating autophagy, epigenetic programming, and myogenesis. Overall, VPS39-deficiency contributes to impaired muscle differentiation and reduced glucose uptake. VPS39 thereby offers a therapeutic target for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Davegårdh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johanna Säll
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Christa Broholm
- Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tora Ida Henriksen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Line Hjort
- Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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16
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Abstract
As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle contraction or exercise with increased sensitivity to subsequent insulin stimulation. Insulin's dominating control of glucose metabolism is orchestrated by complex and highly regulated signaling cascades that elicit diverse and unique effects on skeletal muscle. We discuss the discoveries that have led to our current understanding of how insulin promotes glucose uptake in muscle. We also touch upon insulin access to muscle, and insulin signaling toward glycogen, lipid, and protein metabolism. We draw from human and rodent studies in vivo, isolated muscle preparations, and muscle cell cultures to home in on the molecular, biophysical, and structural elements mediating these responses. Finally, we offer some perspective on molecular defects that potentially underlie the failure of muscle to take up glucose efficiently during obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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17
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Pillon NJ, Loos RJF, Marshall SM, Zierath JR. Metabolic consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Balancing genes and environment for personalized care. Cell 2021; 184:1530-1544. [PMID: 33675692 PMCID: PMC9191863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen dramatically for decades and is expected to rise further, secondary to the growing aging, sedentary population. The strain on global health care is projected to be colossal. This review explores the latest work and emerging ideas related to genetic and environmental factors influencing metabolism. Translational research and clinical applications, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, are highlighted. Looking forward, strategies to personalize all aspects of prevention, management and care are necessary to improve health outcomes and reduce the impact of these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sally M Marshall
- Diabetes Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Clinical Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4(th) Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Hao Y, Tong Y, Guo Y, Lang X, Huang X, Xie X, Guan Y, Li Z. Metformin Attenuates the Metabolic Disturbance and Depression-like Behaviors Induced by Corticosterone and Mediates the Glucose Metabolism Pathway. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2021; 54:131-141. [PMID: 33634460 DOI: 10.1055/a-1351-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism disturbances are common in patients with depression. The drug metformin has been reported to exhibit antidepressant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolism disturbances induced by corticosterone (CORT) and determine if metformin can reverse these effects and their accompanying depression-like behaviors. METHODS Rats were exposed to corticosterone with or without metformin administration. Depression-like behaviors were tested. Gene expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. In addition, the metabolites were quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS Metformin attenuated the depression-like behaviors induced by CORT. Furthermore, metformin reversed disturbances in body weight, serum glucose, and triglyceride levels, as well as hepatic TG levels induced by CORT. Metformin normalized the alterations in the expression of glucose metabolism-related genes (PGC-1α, G6pc, Pepck, Gck, PYGL, Gys2, PKLR, GLUT4) and insulin resistance-related genes (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) in the muscles and livers of rats induced by CORT. Metabolomic analysis showed that metformin reversed the effects of CORT on 11 metabolites involved in the pathways of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis (3-phospho-D-glycerate, β-D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and pyruvate). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that metformin can attenuate metabolism disturbances and depression-like behaviors induced by CORT mediating the glucose metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingpeng Tong
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. C2C12 cell model: its role in understanding of insulin resistance at the molecular level and pharmaceutical development at the preclinical stage. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1667-1693. [PMID: 32812252 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The myoblast cell line, C2C12, has been utilised extensively in vitro as an examination model in understanding metabolic disease progression. Although it is indispensable in both preclinical and pharmaceutical research, a comprehensive review of its use in the investigation of insulin resistance progression and pharmaceutical development is not available. KEY FINDINGS C2C12 is a well-documented model, which can facilitate our understanding in glucose metabolism, insulin signalling mechanism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species and glucose transporters at cellular and molecular levels. With the aid of the C2C12 model, recent studies revealed that insulin resistance has close relationship with various metabolic diseases in terms of disease progression, pathogenesis and therapeutic management. A holistic, safe and effective disease management is highly of interest. Therefore, significant efforts have been paid to explore novel drug compounds and natural herbs that can elicit therapeutic effects in the targeted sites at both cellular (e.g. mitochondria, glucose transporter) and molecular level (e.g. genes, signalling pathway). SUMMARY The use of C2C12 myoblast cell line is meaningful in pharmaceutical and biomedical research due to their expression of GLUT-4 and other features that are representative to human skeletal muscle cells. With the use of the C2C12 cell model, the impact of drug delivery systems (nanoparticles and quantum dots) on skeletal muscle, as well as the relationship between exercise, pancreatic β-cells and endothelial cells, was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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20
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Sharma B, Dabur R. Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2161-2188. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181129095309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the
cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic
pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates
on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism.
Objective:
This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during
muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be
discussed.
Results:
During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism
and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their
enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory
cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3
ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory
cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the
FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein
metabolism.
Conclusion:
Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular
atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available
in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
that need to be further understood and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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21
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McConell GK, Sjøberg KA, Ceutz F, Gliemann L, Nyberg M, Hellsten Y, Frøsig C, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA. Insulin-induced membrane permeability to glucose in human muscles at rest and following exercise. J Physiol 2020; 598:303-315. [PMID: 31696935 DOI: 10.1113/jp278600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increased insulin action is an important component of the health benefits of exercise, but its regulation is complex and not fully elucidated. Previous studies of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the skeletal muscle membrane found insufficient increases to explain the increases in glucose uptake. By determination of leg glucose uptake and interstitial muscle glucose concentration, insulin-induced muscle membrane permeability to glucose was calculated 4 h after one-legged knee-extensor exercise during a submaximal euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. It was found that during submaximal insulin stimulation, muscle membrane permeability to glucose in humans increases twice as much in previously exercised vs. rested muscle and outstrips the supply of glucose, which then becomes limiting for glucose uptake. This methodology can now be employed to determine muscle membrane permeability to glucose in people with diabetes, who have reduced insulin action, and in principle can also be used to determine membrane permeability to other substrates or metabolites. ABSTRACT Increased insulin action is an important component of the health benefits of exercise, but the regulation of insulin action in vivo is complex and not fully elucidated. Previously determined increases in skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation are inconsistent and mostly cannot explain the increases in insulin action in humans. Here we used leg glucose uptake (LGU) and interstitial muscle glucose concentration to calculate insulin-induced muscle membrane permeability to glucose, a variable not previously possible to quantify in humans. Muscle membrane permeability to glucose, measured 4 h after one-legged knee-extensor exercise, increased ∼17-fold during a submaximal euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp in rested muscle (R) and ∼36-fold in exercised muscle (EX). Femoral arterial infusion of NG -monomethyl l-arginine acetate or ATP decreased and increased, respectively, leg blood flow (LBF) in both legs but did not affect membrane glucose permeability. Decreasing LBF reduced interstitial glucose concentrations to ∼2 mM in the exercised but only to ∼3.5 mM in non-exercised muscle and abrogated the augmented effect of insulin on LGU in the EX leg. Increasing LBF by ATP infusion increased LGU in both legs with uptake higher in the EX leg. We conclude that it is possible to measure functional muscle membrane permeability to glucose in humans and it increases twice as much in exercised vs. rested muscle during submaximal insulin stimulation. We also show that muscle perfusion is an important regulator of muscle glucose uptake when membrane permeability to glucose is high and we show that the capillary wall can be a significant barrier for glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ceutz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Frøsig
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Abstract
The transport of materials across membranes is a vital process for all aspects of cellular function, including growth, metabolism, and communication. Protein transporters are the molecular gates that control this movement and serve as key points of regulation for these processes, thus representing an attractive class of therapeutic targets. With more than 400 members, the solute carrier (SLC) membrane transport proteins are the largest family of transporters, yet, they are pharmacologically underexploited relative to other protein families and many of the available chemical tools possess suboptimal selectivity and efficacy. Fortuitously, there is increased interest in elucidating the physiological roles of SLCs as well as growing recognition of their therapeutic potential. This Perspective provides an overview of the SLC superfamily, including their biochemical and functional features, as well as their roles in various human diseases. In particular, we explore efforts and associated challenges toward drugging SLCs, as well as highlight opportunities for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Leandro Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Appaso Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Richard Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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23
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102432. [PMID: 31614762 PMCID: PMC6835691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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24
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Lin CH, Hsiao LW, Kuo YH, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sulphurenic Acid, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4897. [PMID: 31581697 PMCID: PMC6801777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of sulphurenic acid (SA), a pure compound from Antrodia camphorata, on diabetes and hyperlipidemia in an animal model study and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism. Diabetes was induced by daily 55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) solution over five days. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally gavaged with SA (at three dosages) or glibenclamide (Glib), fenofibrate (Feno) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Our findings showed that STZ-induced diabetic mice had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), plasma triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively) but decreased blood insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels compared to those of the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Administration of SA to STZ-induced diabetic mice may lower blood glucose but it increased the insulin levels with restoration of the size of the islets of Langerhans cells, implying that SA protected against STZ-induced diabetic states within the pancreas. At the molecular level, SA treatment exerts an increase in skeletal muscle expression levels of membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt to increase the membrane glucose uptake, but the mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase are decreased to inhibit hepatic glucose production, thus leading to its hypoglycemic effect. Moreover, SA may cause hypolipidemic effects not only by enhancing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) with increased fatty acid oxidation but also by reducing lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) as well as reducing mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1C and SREBP2 to lower blood TG and TC levels. Our findings demonstrated that SA displayed a protective effect against type 1 diabetes and a hyperlipidemic state in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung 42055, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung 40601, Taiwan.
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25
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Huang Y, Deng Y, Shang L, Yang L, Huang J, Ma J, Liao X, Zhou H, Xian J, Liang G, Huang Q. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus caveolin-3 K15N mutation on glycometabolism. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2531-2539. [PMID: 31572504 PMCID: PMC6755474 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-3 (CAV3) is a muscle-specific protein present within the muscle cell membrane that affects signaling pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway. A previous assessment of patients with newly developed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) demonstrated that CAV3 gene mutations may lead to changes in protein secondary structure. A severe CAV3 P104L mutation has previously been indicated to influence the phosphorylation of skeletal muscle cells and result in impaired glucose metabolism. In the present study, the effect of CAV3 K15N gene transfection in C2C12 cells was assessed. Transfection with K15N reduced the expression of total CAV3 and AKT2 proteins in the cells, and the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 to the muscle cell membrane, which resulted in decreased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in myocytes. In conclusion, these results indicate that the CAV3 K15N mutation may cause insulin-stimulated impaired glucose metabolism in myocytes, which may contribute to the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Huang
- School of Nursing, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Deng
- School of Nursing, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xianshan Liao
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guining Liang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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26
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Barros LSDA, Nunes CDC. A influência do exercício físico na captação de glicose independente de insulina. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2019.v45.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O diabetes melito é uma desordem metabólica de múltipla etiologia, que se caracteriza por hiperglicemia crônica decorrente de defeitos na secreção e/ou ação da insulina e captação reduzida de glicose nos tecidos periféricos, resultando em resistência à insulina. A partir disso, este artigo aborda aspectos fisiopatológicos do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2), tendo como objetivo elucidar as vias de sinalização da insulina no tecido muscular esquelético e como a captação de glicose pode ser prejudicada em um indivíduo resistente à insulina, apontando a prática de exercício físico como recurso não farmacológico e/ou terapia adjacente para a melhora da sensibilidade à insulina e captação de glicose no tecido muscular esquelético. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão da literatura de materiais já publicados sobre o tema e uma análise qualitativa. A sinalização da proteína quinase ativada por adenosina monofosfato (AMPK), mediada pelo exercício físico pode otimizar a captação de glicose no músculo independente de insulina. Assim, o exercício físico serve como recurso não farmacológico e/ou terapia adjacente para restaurar a sensibilidade da via de sinalização receptor de insulina/substrato do receptor de insulina/fosfatidilinositol-3-quinase/Akt e aumento da atividade da proteína quinase ativada de AMP, para translocação e exocitose de transportadores de glicose tipo 4 (GLUT-4) independente de insulina.
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27
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Borg ML, Massart J, Schönke M, De Castro Barbosa T, Guo L, Wade M, Alsina-Fernandez J, Miles R, Ryan A, Bauer S, Coskun T, O'Farrell E, Niemeier EM, Chibalin AV, Krook A, Karlsson HK, Brozinick JT, Zierath JR. Modified UCN2 Peptide Acts as an Insulin Sensitizer in Skeletal Muscle of Obese Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1403-1414. [PMID: 31010957 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide urocortin 2 (UCN2) and its receptor corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) are highly expressed in skeletal muscle and play a role in regulating energy balance and glucose metabolism. We investigated a modified UCN2 peptide as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance, with a specific focus on skeletal muscle. High-fat-fed mice (C57BL/6J) were injected daily with a PEGylated UCN2 peptide (compound A) at 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 14 days. Compound A reduced body weight, food intake, whole-body fat mass, and intramuscular triglycerides compared with vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, whole-body glucose tolerance was improved by compound A treatment, with increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 in skeletal muscle, concomitant with increased glucose transport into extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanistically, this is linked to a direct effect on skeletal muscle because ex vivo exposure of soleus muscle from chow-fed lean mice to compound A increased glucose transport and insulin signaling. Moreover, exposure of GLUT4-Myc-labeled L6 myoblasts to compound A increased GLUT4 trafficking. Our results demonstrate that modified UCN2 peptides may be efficacious in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by acting as an insulin sensitizer in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Borg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thais De Castro Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lili Guo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Rebecca Miles
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew Ryan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Steve Bauer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elizabeth O'Farrell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Evan M Niemeier
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan K Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Chandirasegaran G, Elanchezhiyan C, Ghosh K. Modulatory Effects of Berberine Chloride on Lipid Profile, Oxidant Status and Insulin Signaling Molecules in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:254-262. [PMID: 31391714 PMCID: PMC6660533 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Berberine chloride (BC) on lipid profile, oxidant status and insulin signaling molecules in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w). Diabetic rats were treated with BC (50 mg/kg b.w) and glibenclamide (6 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days. BC treated diabetic rats showed significant (p <0.05) decrease in the levels of TC, TG, phospholipids, LDL, VLDL and lipid peroxidation markers such as LOOH and TBARS. An increase in enzymatic antioxidant (SOD, CAT and GPx), non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH, vitamin C and E) and insulin signaling molecules expression, like Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) were found to be significantly raised in BC treated STZ induced diabetic rats. Thus, the results of the current study demonstrated that BC significantly reversed the abnormal levels of lipids, oxidant status and insulin signaling molecules in the diabetic rat model, which may be contributed to its anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kavisa Ghosh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
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29
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Abstract
A pivotal metabolic function of insulin is the stimulation of glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues. The discovery of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein in 1988 inspired its molecular cloning in the following year. It also spurred numerous cellular mechanistic studies laying the foundations for how insulin regulates glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. Here, we reflect on the importance of the GLUT4 discovery and chronicle additional key findings made in the past 30 years. That exocytosis of a multispanning membrane protein regulates cellular glucose transport illuminated a novel adaptation of the secretory pathway, which is to transiently modulate the protein composition of the cellular plasma membrane. GLUT4 controls glucose transport into fat and muscle tissues in response to insulin and also into muscle during exercise. Thus, investigation of regulated GLUT4 trafficking provides a major means by which to map the essential signaling components that transmit the effects of insulin and exercise. Manipulation of the expression of GLUT4 or GLUT4-regulating molecules in mice has revealed the impact of glucose uptake on whole-body metabolism. Remaining gaps in our understanding of GLUT4 function and regulation are highlighted here, along with opportunities for future discoveries and for the development of therapeutic approaches to manage metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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30
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Chuang CC, Zhou T, Olfert IM, Zuo L. Hypoxic Preconditioning Attenuates Reoxygenation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Aged Pulmonary TNF-α Overexpressing Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1720. [PMID: 30622474 PMCID: PMC6308319 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Skeletal muscle subjected to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation is susceptible to injury and subsequent muscle function decline. This phenomenon can be observed in the diaphragm during strenuous exercise or in pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Previous studies have shown that PO2 cycling or hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), as it can also be referred to as, protects muscle function via mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, this HPC protection has not been fully elucidated in aged pulmonary TNF-α overexpressing (Tg+) mice (a COPD-like model). We hypothesize that HPC can exert protection on the diaphragms of Tg+ mice during reoxygenation through pathways involving ROS/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), as well as the downstream activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) and inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Methods: Isolated Tg+ diaphragm muscle strips were pre-treated with inhibitors for ROS, PI3K, Akt, ERK, or a combination of mitoKATP inhibitor and mPTP opener, respectively, prior to HPC. Another two groups of muscles were treated with either mitoKATP activator or mPTP inhibitor without HPC. Muscles were treated with 30-min hypoxia, followed by 15-min reoxygenation. Data were analyzed by multi-way ANOVA and expressed as means ± SE. Results: Muscle treated with HPC showed improved muscle function during reoxygenation (n = 5, p < 0.01). Inhibition of ROS, PI3K, Akt, or ERK abolished the protective effect of HPC. Simultaneous inhibition of mitoKATP and activation of mPTP also diminished HPC effects. By contrast, either the opening of mitoKATP channel or the closure of mPTP provided a similar protective effect to HPC by alleviating muscle function decline, suggesting that mitochondria play a role in HPC initiation (n = 5; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypoxic preconditioning may protect respiratory skeletal muscle function in Tg+ mice during reoxygenation through redox-sensitive signaling cascades and regulations of mitochondrial channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tingyang Zhou
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biology, The University of Maine, Presque Isle, ME, United States
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31
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Chemical biology probes of mammalian GLUT structure and function. Biochem J 2018; 475:3511-3534. [PMID: 30459202 PMCID: PMC6243331 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of glucose transporters of the mammalian GLUT family of proteins has been studied over many decades, and the proteins have fascinated numerous research groups over this time. This interest is related to the importance of the GLUTs as archetypical membrane transport facilitators, as key limiters of the supply of glucose to cell metabolism, as targets of cell insulin and exercise signalling and of regulated membrane traffic, and as potential drug targets to combat cancer and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. This review focusses on the use of chemical biology approaches and sugar analogue probes to study these important proteins.
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32
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Amin SN, Hussein UK, Yassa HD, Hassan SS, Rashed LA. Synergistic actions of vitamin D and metformin on skeletal muscles and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5768-5779. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa N. Amin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical PhysiologyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Usama K. Hussein
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
- Department of PathologyChonbuk National University Medical SchoolResearch Institute of ClinicalMedicine of Chonbuk National University‐Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National UniversityHospital and Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesJeonjuKorea
| | - Hanan D. Yassa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
| | - Sherif S. Hassan
- Department of Medical EducationCalifornia University of Sciences and MedicineColton, California
- Faculty of MedicineAnatomy DepartmentCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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33
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Quantification of Cell-Surface Glucose Transporters in the Heart Using a Biotinylated Photolabeling Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29218529 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The biotinylated photolabeling assay enables quantification of cell-surface glucose transporters (GLUTs). This technique has been successfully applied to quantify the cell-surface GLUT protein content in striated muscles and adipose tissue, as a means to evaluate GLUT trafficking. Here, we describe the detailed method of quantifying the cell-surface content of several GLUT isoforms (1, 4, 8, and 12) in isolated cardiac myocytes, as well as in the intact perfused atria and ventricle.
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34
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Talaia G, Gournas C, Saliba E, Barata-Antunes C, Casal M, André B, Diallinas G, Paiva S. The α-Arrestin Bul1p Mediates Lactate Transporter Endocytosis in Response to Alkalinization and Distinct Physiological Signals. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3678-3695. [PMID: 28965784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic α-arrestins connect environmental or stress signaling pathways to the endocytosis of plasma membrane transporters or receptors. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae lactate transporter Jen1p has been used as a model cargo for elucidating the mechanisms underlying endocytic turnover in response to carbon sources. Here, we discover a novel pathway of Jen1p endocytosis mediated by the α-arrestin Bul1p in response to the presence of cycloheximide or rapamycin, or prolonged growth in lactate. While cycloheximide or rapamycin modify cells pleiotropically, the major effect of prolonged growth in lactate was shown to be external pH alkalinization. Importantly, employment of specific inactive Jen1p versions showed that Bul1p-dependent endocytosis requires lactate transport, according to the signal imposed. Our results support a model where conformational changes of Jen1p, associated with substrate/H+ symport, are critical for the efficiency of Bul1p-dependent Jen1p turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Talaia
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Christos Gournas
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), IBMM, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elie Saliba
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), IBMM, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cláudia Barata-Antunes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Bruno André
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), IBMM, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandra Paiva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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35
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Svart MV, Rittig N, Kampmann U, Voss TS, Møller N, Jessen N. Metabolic effects of insulin in a human model of ketoacidosis combining exposure to lipopolysaccharide and insulin deficiency: a randomised, controlled, crossover study in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1197-1206. [PMID: 28389705 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is often caused by concomitant systemic inflammation and lack of insulin. Here we used an experimental human model to test whether and how metabolic responses to insulin are impaired in the early phases of DKA with a specific focus on skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes from a previously published cohort were investigated twice at Aarhus University Hospital using a 120 min infusion of insulin (3.0/1.5 mU kg-1 min-1) after an overnight fast under: (1) euglycaemic conditions (CTR) or (2) hyperglycaemic ketotic conditions (KET) induced by an i.v. bolus of lipopolysaccharide and 85% reduction in insulin dosage. The primary outcome was insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two arms at the time of screening using www.randomizer.org . The study was not blinded. RESULTS All nine volunteers completed the 2 days and are included in the analysis. Circulating concentrations of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate increased during KET (mean ± SEM 17.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l and 1.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l, respectively), then decreased after insulin treatment (6.6 ± 0.7 mmol/l and 0.1 ± 0.07 mmol/l, respectively). Prior to insulin infusion (KET vs CTR) isotopically determined endogenous glucose production rates were 17 ± 1.7 μmol kg-1 min-1 vs 8 ± 1.3 μmol kg-1 min-1 (p = 0.003), whole body phenylalanine fluxes were 2.9 ± 0.5 μmol kg-1 min-1 vs 3.1 ± 0.4 μmol kg-1 min-1 (p = 0.77) and urea excretion rates were 16.9 ± 2.4 g/day vs 7.3 ± 1.7 g/day (p = 0.01). Insulin failed to stimulate forearm glucose uptake and glucose oxidation in KET compared with CTR (p < 0.05). Glycogen synthase phosphorylation was impaired in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In KET, hyperglycaemia is primarily driven by increased endogenous glucose production. Insulin stimulation during early phases of DKA is associated with reduced glucose disposal in skeletal muscle, impaired glycogen synthase function and lower glucose oxidation. This underscores the presence of muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of DKA. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID number: NCT02157155). Funding This work was funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (grant no. 0603-00479B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Svart
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Voss
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Hovsepian J, Defenouillère Q, Albanèse V, Váchová L, Garcia C, Palková Z, Léon S. Multilevel regulation of an α-arrestin by glucose depletion controls hexose transporter endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1811-1831. [PMID: 28468835 PMCID: PMC5461024 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nutrient availability trigger massive rearrangements of the yeast plasma membrane proteome. This work shows that the arrestin-related protein Csr2/Art8 is regulated by glucose signaling at multiple levels, allowing control of hexose transporter ubiquitylation and endocytosis upon glucose depletion. Nutrient availability controls the landscape of nutrient transporters present at the plasma membrane, notably by regulating their ubiquitylation and subsequent endocytosis. In yeast, this involves the Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and arrestin-related trafficking adaptors (ARTs). ARTs are targeted by signaling pathways and warrant that cargo ubiquitylation and endocytosis appropriately respond to nutritional inputs. Here, we show that glucose deprivation regulates the ART protein Csr2/Art8 at multiple levels to trigger high-affinity glucose transporter endocytosis. Csr2 is transcriptionally induced in these conditions through the AMPK orthologue Snf1 and downstream transcriptional repressors. Upon synthesis, Csr2 becomes activated by ubiquitylation. In contrast, glucose replenishment induces CSR2 transcriptional shutdown and switches Csr2 to an inactive, deubiquitylated form. This glucose-induced deubiquitylation of Csr2 correlates with its phospho-dependent association with 14-3-3 proteins and involves protein kinase A. Thus, two glucose signaling pathways converge onto Csr2 to regulate hexose transporter endocytosis by glucose availability. These data illustrate novel mechanisms by which nutrients modulate ART activity and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junie Hovsepian
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Quentin Defenouillère
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Albanèse
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Libuše Váchová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Camille Garcia
- Proteomics Facility, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Zdena Palková
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sébastien Léon
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
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Deshmukh AS. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in healthy and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 26:13-24. [PMID: 26485752 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissues in the human body and is considered the primary target for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In skeletal muscle, binding of the insulin to insulin receptor (IR) initiates a signaling cascade that results in the translocation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane which leads to facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cell. Understanding the precise signaling events guiding insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is pivotal, because impairment in these signaling events leads to development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes current understanding of insulin signaling pathways mediating glucose uptake in healthy and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
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Mudry JM, Lassiter DG, Nylén C, García-Calzón S, Näslund E, Krook A, Zierath JR. Insulin and Glucose Alter Death-Associated Protein Kinase 3 (DAPK3) DNA Methylation in Human Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2017; 66:651-662. [PMID: 28011458 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is altered by environmental factors. We hypothesized that DNA methylation is altered in skeletal muscle in response to either insulin or glucose exposure. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in muscle from healthy men before and after insulin exposure. DNA methylation of selected genes was determined in muscle from healthy men and men with type 2 diabetes before and after a glucose tolerance test. Insulin altered DNA methylation in the 3' untranslated region of the calcium pump ATP2A3 gene. Insulin increased DNA methylation in the gene body of DAPK3, a gene involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. DAPK3 methylation was reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Carbohydrate ingestion reduced DAPK3 DNA methylation in healthy men and men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting glucose may play a role. Supporting this, DAPK3 DNA methylation was inversely correlated with the 2-h glucose concentration. Whereas glucose incorporation to glycogen was unaltered by small interfering RNA against DAPK3, palmitate oxidation was increased. In conclusion, insulin and glucose exposure acutely alter the DNA methylation profile of skeletal muscle, indicating that DNA methylation constitutes a rapidly adaptive epigenetic mark. Furthermore, insulin and glucose modulate DAPK3 DNA methylation in a reciprocal manner, suggesting a feedback loop in the control of the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Mudry
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David G Lassiter
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Nylén
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia García-Calzón
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barrientos G, Sánchez-Aguilera P, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo C, Llanos P. Membrane Cholesterol in Skeletal Muscle: A Novel Player in Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3941898. [PMID: 28367451 PMCID: PMC5358446 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3941898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol is critical for signaling processes in a variety of tissues. We will address here current evidence supporting an emerging role of cholesterol on excitation-contraction coupling and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. We have centered our review on the transverse tubule system, a complex network of narrow plasma membrane invaginations that propagate membrane depolarization into the fiber interior and allow nutrient delivery into the fibers. We will discuss current evidence showing that transverse tubule membranes have remarkably high cholesterol levels and we will address how modifications of cholesterol content influence excitation-contraction coupling. In addition, we will discuss how membrane cholesterol levels affect glucose transport by modulating the insertion into the membrane of the main insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. Finally, we will address how the increased membrane cholesterol levels displayed by obese animals, which also present insulin resistance, affect these two particular skeletal muscle functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Barrientos
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P. Sánchez-Aguilera
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E. Jaimovich
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Hidalgo
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- BNI, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P. Llanos
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *P. Llanos:
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Sjögren RJO, Lindgren Niss MHL, Krook A. Skeletal Muscle microRNAs: Roles in Differentiation, Disease and Exercise. RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Trouillon R, Letizia MC, Menzies KJ, Mouchiroud L, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Gijs MAM. A multiscale study of the role of dynamin in the regulation of glucose uptake. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:810-819. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells- and organisms-on-a-chip strategies were used to highlight the role of the molecular motor dynamin in regulating the translocation of specific glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-STI-IMT-LMIS2
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - M. Cristina Letizia
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-STI-IMT-LMIS2
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-SV-IBI-UPSCHOONJANS
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-SV-IBI-LISP
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-SV-IBI-LISP
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-SV-IBI-UPSCHOONJANS
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-STI-IMT-LMIS2
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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Inada A, Fujii NL, Inada O, Higaki Y, Furuichi Y, Nabeshima YI. Effects of 17β-Estradiol and Androgen on Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4691-4705. [PMID: 27653033 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes develops predominantly in males in experimental models, and extensive evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates progression of diabetes in humans. We previously developed a severely diabetic transgenic (Tg) mouse model by β-cell-specific overexpression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and found that male ICER-Tg mice exhibit sustained severe hyperglycemia, but female ICER-Tg mice gradually became normoglycemic with aging. This implies that differences in circulating androgen and E2 levels might influence skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glycemic status. Here we examined whether a decrease of androgen or E2 excess can improve muscle glucose uptake in hyperglycemic male ICER-Tg mice and, conversely, whether a decrease of E2 or androgen excess can elevate blood glucose levels and impair muscle glucose uptake in normoglycemic female ICER-Tg mice. We treated hyperglycemic male ICER-Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX) or ORX+E2 pellet implantation and normoglycemic female ICER-Tg mice with ovariectomy (OVX) or OVX+5α-DHT pellet implantation to alter the androgen to E2 ratio. ORX+E2 treatment of male ICER-Tg mice caused a rapid drop in blood glucose via both a dramatic increase of β-cells and significantly improved muscle glucose uptake due to the induction of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. In contrast, OVX+5α-DHT-treated female ICER-Tg mice showed an elevation of blood glucose without any decrease of β-cells; instead, they showed decreased muscle glucose uptake due to decreased activation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT and GLUT4 expression. These findings suggest that androgen (5α-DHT) promotes insulin resistance in females, whereas E2 improves insulin sensitivity in severely diabetic male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Oogi Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Fluorogenic probes reveal a role of GLUT4 N-glycosylation in intracellular trafficking. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:853-9. [PMID: 27547921 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an N-glycosylated protein that maintains glucose homeostasis by regulating the protein translocation. To date, it has been unclear whether the N-glycan of GLUT4 contributes to its intracellular trafficking. Here, to clarify the role of the N-glycan, we developed fluorogenic probes that label cytoplasmic and plasma-membrane proteins for multicolor imaging of GLUT4 translocation. One of the probes, which is cell impermeant, selectively detected exocytosed GLUT4. Using this probe, we verified the 'log' of the trafficking, in which N-glycan-deficient GLUT4 was transiently translocated to the cell membrane upon insulin stimulation and was rapidly internalized without retention on the cell membrane. The results strongly suggest that the N-glycan functions in the retention of GLUT4 on the cell membrane. This study showed the utility of the fluorogenic probes and indicated that this imaging tool will be applicable for research on various membrane proteins that show dynamic changes in localization.
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Kuo YH, Lin CH, Shih CC. Dehydroeburicoic Acid from Antrodia camphorata Prevents the Diabetic and Dyslipidemic State via Modulation of Glucose Transporter 4, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Expression and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in High-Fat-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E872. [PMID: 27271603 PMCID: PMC4926406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT), a triterpenoid compound from Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and examined the effects and mechanisms of TT on glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The in vitro study examined the effects of a MeOH crude extract (CruE) of A. camphorata and Antcin K (AnK; the main constituent of fruiting body of this mushroom) on membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt in C2C12 myoblasts cells. The in vitro study demonstrated that treatment with CruE, AnK and TT increased the membrane levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt at different concentrations. The animal experiments were performed for 12 weeks. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups after 8 weeks of HFD-induction and treated with daily oral gavage doses of TT (at three dose levels), fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight), metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight) or vehicle for another 4 weeks while on an HFD diet. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased blood glucose levels. TT treatment dramatically lowered blood glucose levels by 34.2%~43.4%, which was comparable to the antidiabetic agent-Metf (36.5%). TT-treated mice reduced the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in CruE-treated groups in vitro. Skeletal muscle membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in TT-treated mice. These groups of mice also displayed lower mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production. The combination of these agents produced a net hypoglycemic effect in TT-treated mice. TT treatment enhanced the expressions of hepatic and skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mice. TT-treated mice exhibited enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and increased mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a). These mice also exhibited decreased expression levels of lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver and adipose tissue and reduced mRNA levels of hepatic adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). These alterations resulted in a reduction in fat stores within the liver and lower triglyceride levels in blood. Our results demonstrate that TT is an excellent therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan.
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Antcin K, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, Displays Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects via Glucose Transporter 4 and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in Muscles. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4867092. [PMID: 27242912 PMCID: PMC4875994 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4867092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to screen firstly the potential effects of antcin K (AnK), the main constituent of the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and further evaluate the activities and mechanisms in high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced mice. Following 8-week HFD-induction, mice were treated with AnK, fenofibrate (Feno), metformin (Metf), or vehicle for 4 weeks afterward. In C2C12 myotube cells, the membrane GLUT4 and phospho-Akt expressions were higher in insulin and AnK-treated groups than in the control group. It was observed that AnK-treated mice significantly lowered blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and leptin levels in AnK-treated groups. Of interest, AnK at 40 mg/kg/day dosage displayed both antihyperglycemic effect comparable to Metf (300 mg/kg/day) and antihypertriglyceridemic effect comparable to Feno (250 mg/kg/day). The combination of significantly increased skeletal muscular membrane expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) but decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) mRNA levels by AnK thus contributed to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, AnK enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (phospho-AMPK) expressions in the muscle and liver. Moreover, AnK treatment exhibited inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) but enhancement of fatty acid oxidation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression coincident with reduced sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA levels in the liver may contribute to decreased plasma triglycerides, hepatic steatosis, and total cholesterol levels. The present findings indicate that AnK displays an advantageous therapeutic potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
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ZHU RONGFENG, ZHENG JIANJUN, CHEN LIZHEN, GU BIN, HUANG SHENGLI. Astragaloside IV facilitates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes through the IRS1/AKT pathway and suppresses the palmitate-induced activation of the IKK/IκBα pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1697-705. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Röhling M, Herder C, Stemper T, Müssig K. Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Glucose Uptake. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2868652. [PMID: 27069930 PMCID: PMC4812462 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2868652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle factors including lack of physical exercise and poor nutrition habits. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes is molecularly based on defects in insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and inflammation. The present review aims to give an overview on the molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake of glucose and related signaling pathways after acute and chronic exercise. Physical exercise, as crucial part in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, has marked acute and chronic effects on glucose disposal and related inflammatory signaling pathways. Exercise can stimulate molecular signaling pathways leading to glucose transport into the cell. Furthermore, physical exercise has the potential to modulate inflammatory processes by affecting specific inflammatory signaling pathways which can interfere with signaling pathways of the glucose uptake. The intensity of physical training appears to be the primary determinant of the degree of metabolic improvement modulating the molecular signaling pathways in a dose-response pattern, whereas training modality seems to have a secondary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röhling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theodor Stemper
- Department Fitness and Health, University Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that metabolic changes that take place in individuals exposed to high elevation are because of ambient hypoxia, which occurs as a consequence of a low total atmospheric pressure. The discovery of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1), a transcription factor, has been a breakthrough in the understanding of adaption to high altitudes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present review was to discuss specific epidemiological aspects of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their mechanisms in vulnerable, understudied populations living at high altitudes. RESULTS Obesity prevalence has been inversely associated with elevation. HIF1 has been related to plasma leptin--a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that produces negative feedback on appetite--and inversely associated with obesity. Diverse factors, such as genetics, chronic hypoxia, diet and lifestyle behaviours, could have an influence on the high dyslipidaemia rates of high-altitude natives. Hypoxia could mediate the effects of altitude on human physiology, including lipid metabolism. Genetic studies suggest that dyslipidaemia could be related to the HIF1. Hypoxia inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and stimulates the oxygen signalling pathway through the HIF1. Low fasting glycaemia in individuals at high altitudes has been shown. An increased GLUT4 protein content in skeletal muscle in response to hypoxia has been reported and could be associated with lower glucose levels. Given the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia and the low prevalence of obesity and diabetes in these impoverished high-altitude communities, changes in lifestyle including decreased physical activity and the consumption of a more westernised diet would likely increase the prevalence of CVD related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Control over major CVD risk factors, when identified early, could be the key to reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with limited access to medical services such as Native populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hirschler
- University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jeromson S, Gallagher IJ, Galloway SDR, Hamilton DL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6977-7004. [PMID: 26610527 PMCID: PMC4663562 DOI: 10.3390/md13116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue capable of adapting and mal-adapting to physical activity and diet. The response of skeletal muscle to adaptive stimuli, such as exercise, can be modified by the prior nutritional status of the muscle. The influence of nutrition on skeletal muscle has the potential to substantially impact physical function and whole body metabolism. Animal and cell based models show that omega-3 fatty acids, in particular those of marine origin, can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin can influence the exercise and nutritional response of skeletal muscle. These studies show that the prior omega-3 status influences not only the metabolic response of muscle to nutrition, but also the functional response to a period of exercise training. Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin therefore have the potential to alter the trajectory of a number of human diseases including the physical decline associated with aging. We explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may act in skeletal muscle, considering the n-3/n-6 ratio, inflammation and lipidomic remodelling as possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest some avenues for further research to clarify how omega-3 fatty acids may be exerting their biological action in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Jeromson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Stuart D R Galloway
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
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50
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Hargett SR, Walker NN, Hussain SS, Hoehn KL, Keller SR. Deletion of the Rab GAP Tbc1d1 modifies glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E233-45. [PMID: 26015432 PMCID: PMC4525116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tbc1d1 is a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) implicated in regulating intracellular retention and cell surface localization of the glucose transporter GLUT4 and thus glucose uptake in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Tbc1d1 is most abundant in skeletal muscle but is expressed at varying levels among different skeletal muscles. Previous studies with male Tbc1d1-deficient (Tbc1d1(-/-)) mice on standard and high-fat diets established a role for Tbc1d1 in glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. Here we describe similar, but also additional abnormalities in male and female Tbc1d1(-/-) mice. We corroborate that Tbc1d1 loss leads to skeletal muscle-specific and skeletal muscle type-dependent abnormalities in GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake in female and male mice. Using subcellular fractionation, we show that Tbc1d1 controls basal intracellular GLUT4 retention in large skeletal muscles. However, cell surface labeling of extensor digitorum longus muscle indicates that Tbc1d1 does not regulate basal GLUT4 cell surface exposure as previously suggested. Consistent with earlier observations, female and male Tbc1d1(-/-) mice demonstrate increased energy expenditure and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Interestingly, we observe sex-dependent differences in in vivo phenotypes. Female, but not male, Tbc1d1(-/-) mice have decreased body weight and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, but only male Tbc1d1(-/-) mice show increased lipid clearance after oil gavage. We surmise that similar changes at the tissue level cause differences in whole-body metabolism between male and female Tbc1d1(-/-) mice and between male Tbc1d1(-/-) mice in different studies due to variations in body composition and nutrient handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Natalie N Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Syed S Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Susanna R Keller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia;
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