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Zhang J, Chen Y, Zou L, Jin L, Yang B, Shu Y, Gong R. Dose-response relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and diabetic kidney disease in the US adults with diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1365-1375. [PMID: 37347448 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of dietary antioxidants on numerous diseases have been widely studied. However, the evidence regarding composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in individuals with diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations of CDAI with DKD and mortality in adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This study utilized data from 5676 adult DM participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 2007-2018. The study followed up on death outcomes by linking the data to records from the National Death Index until December 31, 2019. CDAI was evaluated using a well-established method that included six food-sourced antioxidants derived from 24-h dietary recall: selenium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. The regression models were used to estimate the relationships of CDAI with DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals. RESULTS The weighted mean CDAI level for the 5676 participants, which represented 31.36 million noninstitutionalized residents of the US, was 0.33. Based on CDAI quartiles, participants were classified into four groups. CDAI levels were significantly associated with age, gender, race, physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of albuminuria, DKD and hyperuricemia. DKD occurred in 36.44% of diabetic participants, and higher CDAI levels were independently associated with a lower risk of DKD (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.59-0.94, p for trend = 0.004) in diabetic individuals after multivariate adjustment. During a median follow-up of 67 months (38-104 months), a total of 1065 (15.80%) diabetic individuals died from all causes. Diabetic individuals with higher CDAI levels (Q4) demonstrated a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52-0.86, p for trend = 0.01) after adjusting for age, gender and race. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining an adequate antioxidant diet, as reflected in higher CDAI levels, may lower the risk of DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals. These findings offer a promising approach to managing diabetes and highlight the potential of food-based antioxidants as a preventative measure. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanism linking dietary antioxidants and DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lizhu Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China.
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Baik AH, Haribowo AG, Chen X, Queliconi BB, Barrios AM, Garg A, Maishan M, Campos AR, Matthay MA, Jain IH. Oxygen toxicity causes cyclic damage by destabilizing specific Fe-S cluster-containing protein complexes. Mol Cell 2023; 83:942-960.e9. [PMID: 36893757 PMCID: PMC10148707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is toxic across all three domains of life. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigate the major cellular pathways affected by excess molecular oxygen. We find that hyperoxia destabilizes a specific subset of Fe-S cluster (ISC)-containing proteins, resulting in impaired diphthamide synthesis, purine metabolism, nucleotide excision repair, and electron transport chain (ETC) function. Our findings translate to primary human lung cells and a mouse model of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. We demonstrate that the ETC is the most vulnerable to damage, resulting in decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption. This leads to further tissue hyperoxia and cyclic damage of the additional ISC-containing pathways. In support of this model, primary ETC dysfunction in the Ndufs4 KO mouse model causes lung tissue hyperoxia and dramatically increases sensitivity to hyperoxia-mediated ISC damage. This work has important implications for hyperoxia pathologies, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, aging, and mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Baik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Augustinus G Haribowo
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xuewen Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alec M Barrios
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ankur Garg
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexandre R Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Isha H Jain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Srivastava V, Zelmanovich V, Shukla V, Abergel R, Cohen I, Ben-Sasson SA, Gross E. Distinct designer diamines promote mitophagy, and thereby enhance healthspan in C. elegans and protect human cells against oxidative damage. Autophagy 2023; 19:474-504. [PMID: 35579620 PMCID: PMC9851263 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2078069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitophagy is a primary pathogenic event underlying diverse aging-associated diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and sarcopenia. Therefore, augmentation of mitophagy, the process by which defective mitochondria are removed, then replaced by new ones, is an emerging strategy for preventing the evolvement of multiple morbidities in the elderly population. Based on the scaffold of spermidine (Spd), a known mitophagy-promoting agent, we designed and tested a family of structurally related compounds. A prototypic member, 1,8-diaminooctane (VL-004), exceeds Spd in its ability to induce mitophagy and protect against oxidative stress. VL-004 activity is mediated by canonical aging genes and promotes lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans. Moreover, it enhances mitophagy and protects against oxidative injury in rodent and human cells. Initial structural characterization suggests simple rules for the design of compounds with improved bioactivity, opening the way for a new generation of agents with a potential to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijigisha Srivastava
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Veronica Zelmanovich
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Virendra Shukla
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Abergel
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irit Cohen
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel A. Ben-Sasson
- Department Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,CONTACT Einav Gross Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. PO Box 12271, Jerusalem9112102, Israel
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Liu M, Sun X, Chen B, Dai R, Xi Z, Xu H. Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415893. [PMID: 36555531 PMCID: PMC9786916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant defence, compromising redox homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress, leading to the development of several diseases. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a principal antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by converting superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in mitochondria. Systematic studies have demonstrated that MnSOD plays an indispensable role in multiple diseases. This review focuses on preclinical evidence that describes the mechanisms of MnSOD in diseases accompanied with an imbalanced redox status, including fibrotic diseases, inflammation, diabetes, vascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The potential therapeutic effects of MnSOD activators and MnSOD mimetics are also discussed. Targeting this specific superoxide anion radical scavenger may be a clinically beneficial strategy, and understanding the therapeutic role of MnSOD may provide a positive insight into preventing and treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Boya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
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Assessment of the relationship between serum xanthine oxidase levels and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20816. [PMID: 36460780 PMCID: PMC9718765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme associated with purine metabolism. The relationship between XO levels and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear yet or little is known so far. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the association of XO levels with T2D in a Bangladeshi adult cohort. A total of 325 participants (234 males and 91 females) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into three groups; diabetic (n = 173), prediabetic (n = 35), and non-diabetic control (n = 117). Serum levels of XO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other biochemical parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum uric acid (SUA), and lipid profile markers measured by colorimetric methods. Participants with T2D were confirmed according to the definition of the American Diabetic Association. The association between serum XO levels and T2D was determined by logistic regression models. The mean level of serum XO was significantly higher in females (6.0 ± 3.7 U/L) compared to male (4.0 ± 2.8 U/L) participants (p < 0.001). In contrast, males had a higher mean level of SUA (6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL) than female (4.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL) participants (p < 0.001). The mean level of XO was significantly higher in the diabetic group (5.8 ± 3.6 U/L) compared to the prediabetic (3.7 ± 1.9 U/L) and control (2.9 ± 1.8 U/L) groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the mean SUA concentration was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). A significant increasing trend was observed for FBG levels across the XO quartiles (p < 0.001). A decreasing trend was found for SUA levels in the XO quartiles (p < 0.001). Serum levels of XO and SUA showed a positive and negative correlation with FBG, respectively. In regression analysis, serum XO levels showed an independent association with T2D. In conclusion, this study reports a positive and independent association between XO levels and T2D in Bangladeshi adults. Monitoring serum levels of XO may be useful in reducing the risk of T2D. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of the association between elevated XO levels and T2D.
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Moon JS, Riopel M, Seo JB, Herrero-Aguayo V, Isaac R, Lee YS. HIF-2α Preserves Mitochondrial Activity and Glucose Sensing in Compensating β-Cells in Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1508-1524. [PMID: 35472707 PMCID: PMC9233300 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, increased mitochondrial metabolism with the accumulation of oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial damage and β-cell dysfunction. In particular, β-cells express antioxidant enzymes at relatively low levels and are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Early in the development of obesity, β-cells exhibit increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in order to compensate for insulin resistance. This increase in β-cell function under the condition of enhanced metabolic stress suggests that β-cells possess a defense mechanism against increased oxidative damage, which may become insufficient or decline at the onset of type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that metabolic stress induces β-cell hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), which stimulates antioxidant gene expression (e.g., Sod2 and Cat) and protects against mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent mitochondrial damage. Knockdown of HIF-2α in Min6 cells exaggerated chronic high glucose-induced mitochondrial damage and β-cell dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial ROS levels. Moreover, inducible β-cell HIF-2α knockout mice developed more severe β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance on a high-fat diet, along with increased ROS levels and decreased islet mitochondrial mass. Our results provide a previously unknown mechanism through which β-cells defend against increased metabolic stress to promote β-cell compensation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Su Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Corresponding author: Yun Sok Lee,
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Zhong O, Hu J, Wang J, Tan Y, Hu L, Lei X. Antioxidant for treatment of diabetic complications: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23038. [PMID: 35307907 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants may provide a complementary treatment for patients with chronic diseases. Nevertheless, studies that have measured the effects of antioxidant on diabetes complications have provided conflicting results. This study aimed to elucidate the association between antioxidant and diabetic complications and to develop robust evidence for clinical decisions by systematic reviews and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus databases were searched to collect clinical studies related to the efficacy of antioxidants in the treatment of diabetes complications from inception to May 5, 2021. Statistical meta-analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias. The data of diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and diabetic periodontitis were collected to analyze the effect of antioxidant on diabetes and the above three complications. The meta-analysis results showed that antioxidant treatment was associated with significantly changes in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (standardized mean difference [SMD]: - 0.21 [95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.33, -0.10], p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: - 0.41 [95% CI: - 0.63, -0.18], p < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.24, 0.63], p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: - 0.82 [95% CI: - 1.24, -0.41], p < 0.001) than the control group. Antioxidant supplements have the potential to treat three complications of diabetes. In conclusion, the meta-analysis results indicate that antioxidant treatment is effective clinically for diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Zhong
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jialin Hu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yongpeng Tan
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Li X, Huang Y, Xing Y, Hu C, Zhang W, Tang Y, Su W, Huo X, Zhou A, Xia W, Xu S, Chen D, Li Y. Association of urinary cadmium, circulating fatty acids, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105527. [PMID: 32007690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have observed that cadmium (Cd) exposure of pregnant women was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the potential mechanism still remains unclear. In addition, various animal studies have suggested that Cd exposure could affect fatty acids (FAs) metabolism, but data on humans are scant. OBJECTIVES We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the associations of urinary Cd concentrations with levels of circulating FAs and risk of GDM in pregnant women, and further to examine the role of FAs in mediating the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of GDM. METHODS A total of 305 GDM cases were matched to 305 controls on pregnant women's age (±2 years) and infant's gender from a birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China. Urinary Cd concentrations and levels of plasma FAs between 10 and 16 gestational weeks were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions models were used to estimate the associations of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs with the risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations between Cd concentrations and levels of FAs. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating role of FAs in the association of Cd with the risk of GDM. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of Cd in cases (median: 0.69 μg/L) were significantly higher than controls (median: 0.59 μg/L, P < 0.05). Cd concentrations were positively associated with the risk of GDM (Ptrend = 0.003). Compared to the first tertile of Cd, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of GDM risk were 2.08 (1.29, 3.36) for the second tertile and 2.09 (1.32, 3.33) for the third tertile. Cd concentrations were positively correlated with levels of eicosadienoic acid and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, but negatively correlated with levels of stearic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, total odd-chain saturated fatty acids, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs ratio. We did not observe evidence that the association of Cd exposure and risk of GDM was mediated through FAs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the association of higher Cd exposure with increased risk of GDM in pregnant women, and provided forceful epidemiological evidence for the relation of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Su
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Caires A, Convento MB, Castino B, Leme AM, Pessoa EDA, Aragão A, Schor N, Borges FT. Antioxidant effect of endothelin-1 receptor antagonist protects the rat kidney against chronic injury induced by hypertension and hyperglycemia. J Bras Nefrol 2019; 41:451-461. [PMID: 31508666 PMCID: PMC6979570 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are the two main causes of chronic kidney disease that culminate in the final stage of kidney disease. Since these two risk factors are common and can overlap, new approaches to prevent or treat them are needed. Macitentan (MAC) is a new non-selective antagonist of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic blockade of ET-1 receptor with MAC on the alteration of renal function observed in hypertensive and hyperglycemic animals. Genetically hypertensive rats were divided into control hypertensive (HT-CTL) group, hypertensive and hyperglycemic (HT+DIAB) group, and hypertensive and hyperglycemic group that received 25 mg/kg macitentan (HT-DIAB+MAC25) via gavage for 60 days. Kidney function and parameters associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), ET-1, and catalase in the renal cortex was performed. The HT+DIAB group showed a decrease in kidney function and an increase in NGAL expression in the renal cortex, as well as an increase in oxidative stress. MAC treatment was associated with attenuated ET-1 and NGAL production and increases in antioxidant defense (catalase expression) and nitric oxide production. In addition, MAC prevented an increase in oxidant injury (as measured by urinary hydroperoxide and lipid peroxidation), thus improving renal function. Our results suggest that the antioxidant effect of the ET-1 receptor antagonist MAC is involved in the improvement of kidney function observed in hypertensive and hyperglycemic rats.
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Hamed SA. Neurologic conditions and disorders of uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: presentations, causes, and treatment strategies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-90. [PMID: 30501441 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1555468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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Kelly J, Murphy J. Mitochondrial gene expression changes in cultured human skin cells following simulated sunlight irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 179:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Kim MK, Shin HM, Jung H, Lee E, Kim TK, Kim TN, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Rhee BD, Park JH. Comparison of pancreatic beta cells and alpha cells under hyperglycemia: Inverse coupling in pAkt-FoxO1. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 131:1-11. [PMID: 28666105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes manifests beta cell deficiencies and alpha cell expansion which is consistent with relative insulin deficiency and glucagon oversecretion. The effects of hyperglycemia on alpha cells are not as understood in comparison to beta cells. Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, which induces Akt activation or FoxO activation, depending on cell type. Several studies independently reported that FoxO1 translocations in alpha cells and beta cells were opposite. We compared the responses of pancreatic alpha cells and beta cells against hyperglycemia. Alpha TC-1 cells and Beta TC-6 cells were incubated with control (5mM Glucose) or high glucose (33mM Glucose) with or without PI3K inhibitor or FoxO1 inhibitor. We assessed PI3K, pAkt and phosphorylated FoxO1 (pFoxO1) in both cell lines. Immunostaining of BrdU and FoxO1 was detected by green fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Hyperglycemia and H2O2 decreased PI3K and pAKT in beta cells, but increased them in alpha cells. FoxO1 localizations and pFoxO1 expressions between alpha cells and beta cells were opposite. Proliferation of beta cells was decreased, but alpha cell proliferation was increased under hyperglycemia. Antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were increased in beta cells and they were reversed with FoxO1 inhibitor treatment. Increased proliferation in alpha cells under hyperglycemia was attenuated with PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, hyperglycemia increased alpha cell proliferation and glucagon contents which are opposite to beta cells. These differences may be related to contrasting PI3K/pAkt changes in both cells and subsequent FoxO1 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea; Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Mi Shin
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Jung
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - EunJu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea; Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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13
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Mahou R, Zhang DK, Vlahos AE, Sefton MV. Injectable and inherently vascularizing semi-interpenetrating polymer network for delivering cells to the subcutaneous space. Biomaterials 2017; 131:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rehman K, Akash MSH. Mechanism of Generation of Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: How Are They Interlinked? J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3577-3585. [PMID: 28460155 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered as a major hallmark for the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but still it is debatable whether it is a mere aggregation of inflammatory-induced responses or clinical entity that underlies with various pathophysiological factors. In this regard, the latest studies have shown the increasing trends for the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and development of T2DM. ROS are highly reactive species and almost all cellular components are chemically changed due to the influence of ROS that ultimately results in the production of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a major causative factor for the development of oxidative stress that leads to overt T2DM and its associated micro- and macro-vascular complications. In this article, we have briefly described the role of various causative factors, transcriptional and metabolic pathways which are responsible to increase the production of oxidative stress, a most pivotal factor for the pathogenesis and development of T2DM. Therefore, we conclude that measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers may be one of the optional tool for the diagnosis and prediction of T2DM. Moreover, the key findings described in this article also provides a new conceptual framework for forthcoming investigations on the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of T2DM and drug discovery. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3577-3585, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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15
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Sayed LH, Badr G, Omar HM, Abd El-Rahim AM, Mahmoud MH. Camel whey protein improves oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in lymphoid organs through Bcl-XL/Bax expression in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:542-552. [PMID: 28129627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) is a characterized by the inflammation of pancreatic islets and destruction of β cells. Long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and increase the incidence of infections in diabetic individuals. Most serious diabetic complications are mediated by the free radicals, which damage multiple cellular components through direct effects of the cell cycle regulatory proteins. Camel whey protein (CWP) has antioxidant activity and decreases the effects of free radicals. However, the effects of CWP on lymphoid organs have not been studied in the context of diabetes. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the dietary influence of CWP supplementation on the lymphoid organs in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Three experimental groups were used: non diabetic control mice, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated with CWP. Induction of diabetes was associated with a marked reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels; decreased activities of GSH peroxidase (GSH Px), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase; increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and iNOS activity in plasma and lymphoid organs. Furthermore, diabetic mice exhibited alterations in the expression of Bax and Bcl-XL, and subsequently pathological alterations in the architecture of the bone marrow, pancreas, thymus, and spleen. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with CWP robustly restored glucose, insulin, GSH, and ROS levels and the activities of GSH Px, MnSOD, catalase and iNOS. Additionally, supplementation of diabetic mice with CWP improvement in the architecture of lymphoid tissues and rescued from apoptosis through direct effects on the Bax and Bcl-XL proteins. These data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP against diabetic complications mediated damages of lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ali M Abd El-Rahim
- Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Somberg LB, Gutterman DD, Miura H, Nirula R, Hatoum OA. Shock associated with endothelial dysfunction in omental microvessels. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:30-37. [PMID: 27809354 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired microvascular function leads to a poor outcome in a variety of medical conditions. Our aim was to determine whether vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (Ach) are impaired in human omental arterioles from patients with severe trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with massive blood loss and severe shock requiring damage control procedures were included. Tissues were collected at the first (FEL) and the second explorative laparotomy (SEL). Control tissues were collected from nontrauma patients. Freshly isolated 50-200-μm-diameter omental arterioles were analysed using videomicroscopy. Dihydroethidine and DCF-DA fluorescence were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. MnTBAP was used to determine the contribution of excess vascular superoxide contribution to endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS After constriction (30-50%) with endothelin-1, dilation to graded doses of Ach (10-9 -10-4 M) was greater in control vessels compared to FEL and SEL (max dilation at 10-4 M (MD) = 25 ± 3%, n = 8; and 59 ± 8%, n = 8, respectively, and controls MD = 93 ± 10%, n = 6, P < 0·05). Fluorescence imaging of ROS production showed significant increases in superoxide (225·46 ± 12·86; 215·77 ± 10·75 vs. 133·75 ± 7·26, arbitrary units; P < 0·05) and peroxide-related ROS (240·8 ± 20·42; 234·59 ± 28·86, vs. 150·78 ± 15·65, arbitrary units; P < 0·05), in FEL and SEL microvessels compared to control, respectively. FEL pretreated with MnTBAP demonstrated significant improvement in Ach-induced vasodilation (25·5 ± 3·0% vs. 79·5 ± 8·2%; P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Severe shock associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction enhances production of ROS in human omental tissues. The altered flow regulation may contribute to a mismatch between local blood supply and demand, exacerbating abnormal tissue perfusion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B Somberg
- Division of Trauma/Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hiroto Miura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raminder Nirula
- Division of Trauma/Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ossama A Hatoum
- Department of Surgery B, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Afula, Israel
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17
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Shan Z, Chen S, Sun T, Luo C, Guo Y, Yu X, Yang W, Hu FB, Liu L. U-Shaped Association between Plasma Manganese Levels and Type 2 Diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1876-1881. [PMID: 27258818 PMCID: PMC5132633 DOI: 10.1289/ehp176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese is both an essential element and a known toxicant, and it plays important roles in many mechanisms in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, epidemiological studies of this relationship are rare. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between plasma manganese and newly diagnosed T2D as well as whether the association could be modified by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphisms. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 3,228 participants in China: 1,614 T2D patients and 1,614 controls. Concentrations of plasma magnesium were measured, and all participants were genotyped for the MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism (rs4880). RESULTS A U-shaped association was observed between plasma manganese and T2D, with increased odds ratios (ORs) in relation to either low or high plasma manganese levels. Compared with the middle tertile, the multivariate-adjusted ORs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of T2D associated with the lowest tertile and the highest tertile of plasma manganese were 1.89 (1.53, 2.33) and 1.56 (1.23, 1.97), respectively. In spline analysis, the U-shaped association was consistently indicated, with the lowest odds of T2D at the plasma manganese concentration of 4.95 μg/L. Minor allele frequencies (C allele) of the MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism (rs4880) in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the T2D groups were 13.57% and 14.50%, respectively. The MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism was not associated with T2D, and no interaction was found between plasma manganese and the MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism in relation to T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested a U-shaped association between plasma manganese and T2D; both low and high levels of plasma manganese were associated with higher odds of newly diagnosed T2D. The U-shaped association was not modified by the MnSOD rs4880 polymorphism. Citation: Shan Z, Chen S, Sun T, Luo C, Guo Y, Yu X, Yang W, Hu FB, Liu L. 2016. U-shaped association between plasma manganese levels and type 2 diabetes. Environ Health Perspect 124:1876-1881; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taoping Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, and
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Lee J, Harris AN, Holley CL, Mahadevan J, Pyles KD, Lavagnino Z, Scherrer DE, Fujiwara H, Sidhu R, Zhang J, Huang SCC, Piston DW, Remedi MS, Urano F, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Rpl13a small nucleolar RNAs regulate systemic glucose metabolism. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4616-4625. [PMID: 27820699 DOI: 10.1172/jci88069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that form ribonucleoproteins to guide covalent modifications of ribosomal and small nuclear RNAs in the nucleus. Recent studies have also uncovered additional non-canonical roles for snoRNAs. However, the physiological contributions of these small RNAs are largely unknown. Here, we selectively deleted four snoRNAs encoded within the introns of the ribosomal protein L13a (Rpl13a) locus in a mouse model. Loss of Rpl13a snoRNAs altered mitochondrial metabolism and lowered reactive oxygen species tone, leading to increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and enhanced systemic glucose tolerance. Islets from mice lacking Rpl13a snoRNAs demonstrated blunted oxidative stress responses. Furthermore, these mice were protected against diabetogenic stimuli that cause oxidative stress damage to islets. Our study illuminates a previously unrecognized role for snoRNAs in metabolic regulation.
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19
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Réus GZ, Dos Santos MAB, Abelaira HM, Titus SE, Carlessi AS, Matias BI, Bruchchen L, Florentino D, Vieira A, Petronilho F, Ceretta LB, Zugno AI, Quevedo J. Antioxidant treatment ameliorates experimental diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviour and reduces oxidative stress in brain and pancreas. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:278-88. [PMID: 26432993 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of major depressive disorder. Alterations in oxidative stress are associated with the pathophysiology of both diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine on behaviour and oxidative stress parameters in diabetic rats. To this aim, after induction of diabetes by a single dose of alloxan, Wistar rats were treated with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine for 14 days, and then depressive-like behaviour was evaluated. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas. Diabetic rats displayed depressive-like behaviour, and treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed this alteration. Carbonyl protein levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and pancreas of diabetic rats, and both N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine reversed these alterations. Lipid damage was increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and pancreas; however, treatment with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine reversed lipid damage only in the hippocampus and pancreas. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas of diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, there was a decrease in catalase enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas, but an increase in the hippocampus. Treatment with antioxidants did not have an effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, animal model of diabetes produced depressive-like behaviour and oxidative stress in the brain and periphery. Treatment with antioxidants could be a viable alternative to treat behavioural and biochemical alterations induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Augusta B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Stephanie E Titus
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anelise S Carlessi
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Beatriz I Matias
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Livia Bruchchen
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Drielly Florentino
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andriele Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane B Ceretta
- Laboratório de Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hasnain SZ, Prins JB, McGuckin MA. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:R33-54. [PMID: 26576641 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inability of pancreatic β-cells to make sufficient insulin to control blood sugar is a central feature of the aetiology of most forms of diabetes. In this review we focus on the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on β-cell insulin biosynthesis and secretion and on inflammatory signalling and apoptosis with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes (T2D). We argue that oxidative stress and ER stress are closely entwined phenomena fundamentally involved in β-cell dysfunction by direct effects on insulin biosynthesis and due to consequences of the ER stress-induced unfolded protein response. We summarise evidence that, although these phenomenon can be driven by intrinsic β-cell defects in rare forms of diabetes, in T2D β-cell stress is driven by a range of local environmental factors including increased drivers of insulin biosynthesis, glucolipotoxicity and inflammatory cytokines. We describe our recent findings that a range of inflammatory cytokines contribute to β-cell stress in diabetes and our discovery that interleukin 22 protects β-cells from oxidative stress regardless of the environmental triggers and can correct much of diabetes pathophysiology in animal models. Finally we summarise evidence that β-cell dysfunction is reversible in T2D and discuss therapeutic opportunities for relieving oxidative and ER stress and restoring glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Z Hasnain
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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22
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DINIĆ S, GRDOVIĆ N, USKOKOVIĆ A, ĐORĐEVIĆ M, MIHAILOVIĆ M, JOVANOVIĆ JA, POZNANOVIĆ G, VIDAKOVIĆ M. CXCL12 protects pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress by a Nrf2-induced increase in catalase expression and activity. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:436-454. [PMID: 27840391 PMCID: PMC5328787 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to intrinsically low levels of antioxidant enzyme expression and activity, insulin producing pancreatic β-cells are particularly susceptible to free radical attack. In diabetes mellitus, which is accompanied by high levels of oxidative stress, this feature of β-cells significantly contributes to their damage and dysfunction. In light of the documented pro-survival effect of chemokine C-X-C Ligand 12 (CXCL12) on pancreatic β-cells, we examined its potential role in antioxidant protection. We report that CXCL12 overexpression enhanced the resistance of rat insulinoma (Rin-5F) and primary pancreatic islet cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). CXCL12 lowered the levels of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and preserved insulin expression. This effect was mediated through an increase in catalase (CAT) activity. By activating downstream p38, Akt and ERK kinases, CXCL12 facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and enhanced its binding to the CAT gene promoter, inducing constitutive CAT expression and activity that was essential for protecting β-cells from H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana DINIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena GRDOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra USKOKOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš ĐORĐEVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana MIHAILOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić JOVANOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran POZNANOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Melita VIDAKOVIĆ
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Vidaković, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia (e-mail: )
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23
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Jain D, Weber G, Eberhard D, Mehana AE, Eglinger J, Welters A, Bartosinska B, Jeruschke K, Weiss J, Päth G, Ariga H, Seufert J, Lammert E. DJ-1 Protects Pancreatic Beta Cells from Cytokine- and Streptozotocin-Mediated Cell Death. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138535. [PMID: 26422139 PMCID: PMC4589499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark feature of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is the progressive dysfunction and loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and inflammatory cytokines are known to trigger beta cell death. Here we asked whether the anti-oxidant protein DJ-1 encoded by the Parkinson’s disease gene PARK7 protects islet cells from cytokine- and streptozotocin-mediated cell death. Wild type and DJ-1 knockout mice (KO) were treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS) to induce inflammatory beta cell stress and cell death. Subsequently, glucose tolerance tests were performed, and plasma insulin as well as fasting and random blood glucose concentrations were monitored. Mitochondrial morphology and number of insulin granules were quantified in beta cells. Moreover, islet cell damage was determined in vitro after streptozotocin and cytokine treatment of isolated wild type and DJ-1 KO islets using calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1 staining and TUNEL staining. Compared to wild type mice, DJ-1 KO mice became diabetic following MLDS treatment. Insulin concentrations were substantially reduced, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in MLDS-treated DJ-1 KO mice compared to equally treated wild type mice. Rates of beta cell apoptosis upon MLDS treatment were twofold higher in DJ-1 KO mice compared to wild type mice, and in vitro inflammatory cytokines led to twice as much beta cell death in pancreatic islets from DJ-1 KO mice versus those of wild type mice. In conclusion, this study identified the anti-oxidant protein DJ-1 as being capable of protecting pancreatic islet cells from cell death induced by an inflammatory and cytotoxic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Jain
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Weber
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir E. Mehana
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jan Eglinger
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kay Jeruschke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Päth
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiroyoshi Ariga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, N12 W6, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Carlessi R, Lemos NE, Dias AL, Oliveira FS, Brondani LA, Canani LH, Bauer AC, Leitão CB, Crispim D. Exendin-4 protects rat islets against loss of viability and function induced by brain death. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:239-50. [PMID: 25976662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Islet quality loss after isolation from brain-dead donors still hinders the implementation of human islet transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes. In this scenario, systemic inflammation elicited by donor brain death (BD) is among the main factors influencing islet viability and functional impairment. Exendin-4 is largely recognized to promote anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects on β-cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that administration of exendin-4 to brain-dead donors might improve islet survival and insulin secretory capabilities. Here, using a rat model of BD, we demonstrate that exendin-4 administration to the brain-dead donors increases both islet viability and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this model, exendin-4 treatment produced a significant decrease in interleukin-1β expression in the pancreas. Furthermore, exendin-4 treatment increased the expression of superoxide dismutase-2 and prevented BD-induced elevation in uncoupling protein-2 expression. Such observations were accompanied by a reduction in gene expression of two genes often associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in freshly isolated islets from treated animals, C/EBP homologous protein and immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein. As ER stress response has been shown to be triggered by and to participate in cytokine-induced β-cell death, we suggest that exendin-4 might exert its beneficial effects through alleviation of pancreatic inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn could prevent islet ER stress and β-cell death. Our findings might unveil a novel strategy to preserve islet quality from brain-dead donors. After testing in the human pancreatic islet transplantation setting, this approach might sum to the ongoing effort to achieve consistent and successful single-donor islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI - Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Natália E Lemos
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana L Dias
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Brondani
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis H Canani
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Chen S, Han J, Liu Y. Dual Opposing Roles of Metallothionein Overexpression in C57BL/6J Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137583. [PMID: 26335571 PMCID: PMC4559390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS), a persistent state of excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with reactive nitrogen species (RNS), plays an important role in insulin resistance, diabetic complications, and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Pancreatic β-cells contain exceptionally low levels of antioxidant enzymes, rendering them susceptible to ROS-induced damage. Induction of antioxidants has been proposed to be a way for protecting β-cells against oxidative stress. Compared to other antioxidants that act against particular β-cell damages, metallothionein (MT) is the most effective in protecting β-cells from several oxidative stressors including nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and streptozotocin (STZ). We hypothesized that MT overexpression in pancreatic β-cells would preserve β-cell function in C57BL/6J mice, an animal model susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Methods The pancreatic β-cell specific MT overexpression was transferred to C57BL/6J background by backcrossing. We studied transgenic MT (MT-tg) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates at 8 weeks and 18 weeks of age. Several tests were performed to evaluate the function of islets, including STZ in vivo treatment, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT) and plasma insulin levels during IPGTT, pancreatic and islet insulin content measurement, insulin secretion, and islet morphology assessment. Gene expression in islets was performed by quantitative real-time PCR and PCR array analysis. Protein levels in pancreatic sections were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry. Results The transgenic MT protein was highly expressed in pancreatic islets. MT-tg overexpression significantly protected mice from acute STZ-induced ROS at 8 weeks of age; unexpectedly, however, MT-tg impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and promoted the development of diabetes. Pancreatic β-cell function was significantly impaired, and islet morphology was also abnormal in MT-tg mice, and more severe damage was detected in males. The unique gene expression pattern and abnormal protein levels were observed in MT-tg islets. Conclusions MT overexpression protected β-cells from acute STZ-induced ROS damages at young age, whereas it impaired GSIS and promoted the development of diabetes in adult C57BL/6J mice, and more severe damage was found in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Chen
- The Research Institute for Children, Children’s Hospital at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Junying Han
- The Research Institute for Children, Children’s Hospital at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yeqi Liu
- The Research Institute for Children, Children’s Hospital at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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26
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Haldar SR, Chakrabarty A, Chowdhury S, Haldar A, Sengupta S, Bhattacharyya M. Oxidative stress-related genes in type 2 diabetes: association analysis and their clinical impact. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:93-119. [PMID: 25991559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus motivates a number of association studies to be conducted throughout the world. Eleven polymorphisms from nine candidate genes in oxidative stress pathway have been analyzed in eastern Indian type 2 diabetic patients (n = 145) and healthy controls (n = 100). Different biochemical parameters were also analyzed for their association with the disease. Significant associations were observed for rs2070424 A>G SOD1 (OR 3.91, 95% CI 2.265-8.142, P < 0.001), rs854573 A>G PON1 (OR 3.415, 95% CI 2.116-5.512, P < 0.001), rs6954345 G>C PON2 (OR 3.208, 95% CI 2.071-4.969, P < 0.001), RAGE rs1800624 -374 T>A (OR 3.58, 95% CI 2.218-5.766, P < 0.001), and NOS3 -786 T>C (OR 3.75, 95% CI 2.225-6.666, P < 0.001). Haplotype containing two risk alleles of PON1 and PON2 genes was significantly associated with disease (OR 8.34, 95% CI 1.554-44.804, P < 0.002). Our results suggest that carriers of major and efficient alleles of oxidative stress genes are more likely to survive the comorbid complications and single copy of risk allele is sufficient for developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Ray Haldar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India,
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27
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Gorasia DG, Dudek NL, Veith PD, Shankar R, Safavi-Hemami H, Williamson NA, Reynolds EC, Hubbard MJ, Purcell AW. Pancreatic beta cells are highly susceptible to oxidative and ER stresses during the development of diabetes. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:688-99. [PMID: 25412008 DOI: 10.1021/pr500643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay of many cell types and the temporal heterogeneity of pancreatic islet composition obscure the direct role of resident alpha and beta cells in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Therefore, in addition to studying islets isolated from non-obese diabetic mice, we analyzed homogeneous cell populations of murine alpha (αTC-1) and beta (NIT-1) cell lines to understand the role and differential survival of these two predominant islet cell populations. A total of 56 proteins in NIT-1 cells and 50 in αTC-1 cells were differentially expressed when exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. The major difference in the protein expression between cytokine-treated NIT-1 and αTC-1 cells was free radical scavenging enzymes. A similar observation was made in cytokine-treated whole islets, where a comprehensive analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that 438 unique proteins were differentially expressed under inflammatory conditions. Our data indicate that beta cells are relatively susceptible to ER and oxidative stress and reveal key pathways that are dysregulated in beta cells during cytokine exposure. Additionally, in the islets, inflammation also leads to enhanced antigen presentation, which completes a three-way insult on beta cells, rendering them targets of infiltrating T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhana G Gorasia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ‡The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, §Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, ∥Departments of Paediatrics and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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28
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Krautbauer S, Eisinger K, Hader Y, Neumeier M, Buechler C. Manganese superoxide dismutase knock-down in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes impairs subsequent adipogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:69-76. [PMID: 24740755 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is associated with the upregulation of the antioxidative enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) suggesting a vital function of this enzyme in adipocyte maturation. In the current work, MnSOD was knocked-down with small-interference RNA in preadipocytes to study its role in adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes differentiated from these cells, proteins characteristic for mature adipocytes, which are strongly induced in late adipogenesis like adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4, are markedly reduced. Triglycerides begin to accumulate after about 6 days of the induction of adipogenesis, and are strongly diminished in cells with low MnSOD. Proteins upregulated early during differentiation, like fatty acid synthase and cytochrome C oxidase-4, are not altered. Cell viability, insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt, antioxidative capacity (AOC), superoxide levels, and heme oxygenase 1 with the latter being induced upon oxidative stress are not affected. L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) depletes glutathione and modestly lowers AOC of mature adipocytes. Addition of BSO to 3T3-L1 cells 3 days after the initiation of differentiation impairs triglyceride accumulation and expression of proteins induced in late adipogenesis. Of note, proteins that increased early during adipogenesis are also diminished, suggesting that BSO causes de-differentiation of these cells. Preadipocyte proliferation is not considerably affected by low MnSOD and BSO. These data suggest that glutathione and MnSOD are essential for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Krautbauer S, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Hader Y, Buettner R, Schmid PM, Aslanidis C, Buechler C. Free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and IL-1α induce adipocyte manganese superoxide dismutase which is increased in visceral adipose tissues of obese rodents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86866. [PMID: 24475187 PMCID: PMC3901719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat storage in adipocytes is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired activity of antioxidant mechanisms. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in detoxification of ROS, and objective of the current study is to analyze expression and regulation of MnSOD in obesity. MnSOD is increased in visceral but not subcutaneous fat depots of rodents kept on high fat diets (HFD) and ob/ob mice. MnSOD is elevated in visceral adipocytes of fat fed mice and exposure of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells to lipopolysaccharide, IL-1α, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) upregulates its level. FFA do not alter cytochrome oxidase 4 arguing against overall induction of mitochondrial enzymes. Upregulation of MnSOD in fat loaded cells is not mediated by IL-6, TNF or sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 which are induced in these cells. MnSOD is similarly abundant in perirenal fat of Zucker diabetic rats and non-diabetic animals with similar body weight and glucose has no effect on MnSOD in 3T3-L1 cells. To evaluate whether MnSOD affects adipocyte fat storage, MnSOD was knocked-down in adipocytes for the last three days of differentiation and in mature adipocytes. Knock-down of MnSOD does neither alter lipid storage nor viability of these cells. Heme oxygenase-1 which is induced upon oxidative stress is not altered while antioxidative capacity of the cells is modestly reduced. Current data show that inflammation and excess triglyceride storage raise adipocyte MnSOD which is induced in epididymal adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hader
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Buettner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Lortz S, Gurgul-Convey E, Naujok O, Lenzen S. Overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase does not interfere with the glucose responsiveness of insulin-secreting INS-1E cells and rat islets. Diabetologia 2013; 56:774-82. [PMID: 23306382 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-inactivating enzymes such as catalase are produced in extraordinarily low levels in beta cells. Whether this low expression might be related to a signalling function of H2O2 within the beta cell is unknown. A high level of H2O2-inactivating enzymes could potentially be incompatible with glucose-induced insulin secretion. Therefore the effect of catalase overexpression on mitochondrial function and physiological insulin secretion was studied in insulin-secreting INS-1E and primary islet cells. METHODS INS-1E and rat islet cells were lentivirally transduced to overexpress catalase in the cytosol (CytoCat) or in mitochondria (MitoCat). Cell viability and caspase-3 activation were assessed after cytokine incubation and hypoxia. Insulin secretion was quantified and expression of the gene encoding the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) was measured in parallel to mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. RESULTS The ability to secret insulin in a glucose-dependent manner was not suppressed by catalase overexpression, although the glucose-dependent increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential was attenuated in MitoCat cells along with an increased Ucp2 expression and reduced mitochondrial ROS formation. In addition, MitoCat overexpressing cells were significantly more resistant against pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia than CytoCat and control cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results demonstrate that an improved antioxidative defence status of insulin-secreting cells allowing efficient H2O2 inactivation is not incompatible with proper insulin secretory responsiveness to glucose stimulation and provide no support for a signalling role of H2O2 in insulin-secreting cells. Interestingly, the results also document for the first time that the decreased ROS formation with increasing glucose concentrations is of mitochondrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lortz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Lee SH, Jouihan HA, Cooksey RC, Jones D, Kim HJ, Winge DR, McClain DA. Manganese supplementation protects against diet-induced diabetes in wild type mice by enhancing insulin secretion. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1029-38. [PMID: 23372018 PMCID: PMC3578995 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is both a contributing mechanism and complication of diabetes, and oxidative stress contributes to that dysfunction. Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a metalloenzyme that provides antioxidant protection. We have previously shown in a mouse model of hereditary iron overload that cytosolic iron levels affected mitochondrial manganese availability, MnSOD activity, and insulin secretion. We therefore sought to determine the metallation status of MnSOD in wild-type mice and whether altering that status affected β-cell function. 129/SvEVTac mice given supplemental manganese exhibited a 73% increase in hepatic MnSOD activity and increased metallation of MnSOD. To determine whether manganese supplementation offered glucose homeostasis under a situation of β-cell stress, we challenged C57BL/6J mice, which are more susceptible to diet-induced diabetes, with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Manganese was supplemented or not for the final 8 weeks on that diet, after which we examined glucose tolerance and the function of isolated islets. Liver mitochondria from manganese-injected C57BL/6J mice had similar increases in MnSOD activity (81%) and metallation as were seen in 129/SvEVTac mice. The manganese-treated group fed high fat had improved glucose tolerance (24% decrease in fasting glucose and 41% decrease in area under the glucose curve), comparable with mice on normal chow and increased serum insulin levels. Isolated islets from the manganese-treated group exhibited improved insulin secretion, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MnSOD metallation and activity can be augmented with manganese supplementation in normal mice on normal chow, and manganese treatment can increase insulin secretion to improve glucose tolerance under conditions of dietary stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh-Hyun Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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32
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Huang SH, Lin GJ, Chien MW, Chu CH, Yu JC, Chen TW, Hueng DY, Liu YL, Sytwu HK. Adverse Effect on Syngeneic Islet Transplantation by Transgenic Coexpression of Decoy Receptor 3 and Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Islet of NOD Mice. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:580-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Harcourt BE, Penfold SA, Forbes JM. Coming full circle in diabetes mellitus: from complications to initiation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9:113-23. [PMID: 23296171 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycaemic control, reduction of blood pressure using agents that block the renin-angiotensin system and control of dyslipidaemia are the major strategies used in the clinical management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Each of these approaches interrupts a number of pathological pathways, which directly contributes to the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, including renal disease, blindness, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. However, research published over the past few years has indicated that many of the pathological pathways important in the development of the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus are equally relevant to the initiation of diabetes mellitus itself. These pathways include insulin signalling, generation of cellular energy, post-translational modifications and redox imbalances. This Review will examine how the development of diabetes mellitus has come full circle from initiation to complications and suggests that the development of diabetes mellitus and the progression to chronic complications both require the same mechanistic triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Harcourt
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Mater Medical Research Institute, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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34
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Novotny GW, Lundh M, Backe MB, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Dahllöf MS, Pallesen EMH, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Transcriptional and translational regulation of cytokine signaling in inflammatory β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:171-84. [PMID: 23063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disease is conventionally viewed as the chaotic inappropriate outcome of deranged tissue function resulting from aberrancies in cellular processes. Yet the patho-biology of cellular dysfunction and death encompasses a coordinated network no less sophisticated and regulated than maintenance of homeostatic balance. Cellular demise is far from passive subordination to stress but requires controlled coordination of energy-requiring activities including gene transcription and protein translation that determine the graded transition between defensive mechanisms, cell cycle regulation, dedifferentiation and ultimately to the activation of death programmes. In fact, most stressors stimulate both homeostasis and regeneration on one hand and impairment and destruction on the other, depending on the ambient circumstances. Here we illustrate this bimodal ambiguity in cell response by reviewing recent progress in our understanding of how the pancreatic β cell copes with inflammatory stress by changing gene transcription and protein translation by the differential and interconnected action of reactive oxygen and nitric oxide species, microRNAs and posttranslational protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Novotny
- Section of Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Mitochondrial hormesis in pancreatic β cells: does uncoupling protein 2 play a role? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:740849. [PMID: 23029600 PMCID: PMC3458419 DOI: 10.1155/2012/740849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic β cells, mitochondrial metabolism translates glucose sensing into signals regulating insulin secretion. Chronic exposure of β cells to excessive nutrients, namely, glucolipotoxicity, impairs β-cell function. This is associated with elevated ROS production from overstimulated mitochondria. Mitochondria are not only the major source of cellular ROS, they are also the primary target of ROS attacks. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP2, even though its uncoupling properties are debated, has been associated with protective functions against ROS toxicity. Hormesis, an adaptive response to cellular stresses, might contribute to the protection against β-cell death, possibly limiting the development of type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial hormesis, or mitohormesis, is a defense mechanism observed in ROS-induced stress-responses by mitochondria. In β cells, mitochondrial damages induced by sublethal exogenous H2O2 can induce secondary repair and defense mechanisms. In this context, UCP2 is a marker of mitohormesis, being upregulated following stress conditions. When overexpressed in nonstressed naïve cells, UCP2 confers resistance to oxidative stress. Whether treatment with mitohormetic inducers is sufficient to restore or ameliorate secretory function of β cells remains to be determined.
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36
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Andreux PA, Williams EG, Koutnikova H, Houtkooper RH, Champy MF, Henry H, Schoonjans K, Williams RW, Auwerx J. Systems genetics of metabolism: the use of the BXD murine reference panel for multiscalar integration of traits. Cell 2012; 150:1287-99. [PMID: 22939713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is achieved by complex molecular and cellular networks that differ significantly among individuals and are difficult to model with genetically engineered lines of mice optimized to study single gene function. Here, we systematically acquired metabolic phenotypes by using the EUMODIC EMPReSS protocols across a large panel of isogenic but diverse strains of mice (BXD type) to study the genetic control of metabolism. We generated and analyzed 140 classical phenotypes and deposited these in an open-access web service for systems genetics (www.genenetwork.org). Heritability, influence of sex, and genetic modifiers of traits were examined singly and jointly by using quantitative-trait locus (QTL) and expression QTL-mapping methods. Traits and networks were linked to loci encompassing both known variants and novel candidate genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), here linked to hypophosphatasia. The assembled and curated phenotypes provide key resources and exemplars that can be used to dissect complex metabolic traits and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope A Andreux
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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37
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Chou FC, Huang SH, Sytwu HK. Genetically engineered islets and alternative sources of insulin-producing cells for treating autoimmune diabetes: quo vadis? Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:296485. [PMID: 22690214 PMCID: PMC3368364 DOI: 10.1155/2012/296485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes that can provide moment-to-moment metabolic control of glucose and allow them to achieve insulin independence. However, two major problems need to be overcome: (1) detrimental immune responses, including inflammation induced by the islet isolation/transplantation procedure, recurrence autoimmunity, and allorejection, can cause graft loss and (2) inadequate numbers of organ donors. Several gene therapy approaches and pharmaceutical treatments have been demonstrated to prolong the survival of pancreatic islet grafts in animal models; however, the clinical applications need to be investigated further. In addition, for an alternative source of pancreatic β-cell replacement therapy, the ex vivo generation of insulin-secreting cells from diverse origins of stem/progenitor cells has become an attractive option in regenerative medicine. This paper focuses on the genetic manipulation of islets during transplantation therapy and summarizes current strategies to obtain functional insulin-secreting cells from stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- *Huey-Kang Sytwu:
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38
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Abstract
Autoimmune Type 1 A Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by dependence on exogenous insulin consequential to the autoimmune attack and destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Pancreatic islet cell inflammation, or insulitis, precedes beta cell death and T1D onset. In the insulitic lesion, innate immune cells produce chemokines and cytokines that recruit and activate adaptive immune cells (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009). Locally produced cytokines not only increase immune surveillance of beta cells (Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008), but also cause beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the beta cells. This, coupled to the high levels of ROS and RNS secreted by activated macrophages and the low antioxidant capacities of beta cells (Huurman VA, PLoS One 3:e2435, 2008; Schatz D, Pediatr Diabetes 5:72-79, 2004; Verge CF, Diabetes 44:1176-1179, 1995), implicates free radicals as important effectors in T1D pathogenesis (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009; Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008; Eisenbarth GS and Jeffrey J, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 52:146-155, 2008; Pietropaolo M et al., Pediatr Diabetes 6:184-192, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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39
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The protective effect of a mix of Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa extracts on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell death. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:1163-76. [PMID: 22186906 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we tested extracts from the edible mushroom Lactarius deterrimus and the chestnut Castanea sativa, as well as their mixture (MIX Ld/Cs), for potential beneficial effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β-cell death. Analysis of chelating effects, reducing power and radical-scavenging assays revealed strong antioxidant effects of the C. sativa extract and MIX Ld/Cs, while the L. deterrimus extract displayed a weak to moderate effect. The antioxidative effect of the chestnut extract corresponds with the high content of phenolics and flavonoids identified by HPLC analysis. In contrast, the mushroom extract contains relatively small amounts of phenols and flavonoids. However, both extracts, and especially their combination MIX Ld/Cs, increased cell viability after the STZ treatment as a result of a significant reduction of DNA damage and improved redox status. The chestnut extract and MIX Ld/Cs significantly lowered the STZ-induced increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, while the mushroom extract had no impact on the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. However, the L. deterrimus extract exhibited good NO-scavenging activity. Different mechanisms that underlie antioxidant effects of the mushroom and chestnut extracts were discussed. When combined as in the MIX Ld/Cs, the extracts exhibited diverse but synergistic actions that ultimately exerted beneficial and protective effects against STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell death.
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40
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Park L, Min D, Kim H, Chung HY, Lee CH, Park IS, Kim Y, Park Y. Tat-enhanced delivery of metallothionein can partially prevent the development of diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1666-74. [PMID: 21843632 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are intracellular low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins with potent metal-binding and redox functions, but with limited membrane permeativity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether we could enhance delivery of MT-1 to pancreatic islets or β cells in vitro and in vivo. The second goal was to determine whether increased MT-1 could prevent cellular toxicity induced by high glucose and free fatty acids in vitro (glucolipotoxicity) and ameliorate the development of diabetes induced by streptozotocin in mice or delay the development of diabetes by improving insulin secretion and resistance in the OLETF rat model of type 2 diabetes. Expression of HIV-1 Tat-MT-1 enabled efficient delivery of MT into both INS-1 cells and rat islets. Intracellular MT activity increased in parallel with the amount of protein delivered to cells. The formation of reactive oxygen species, glucolipotoxicity, and DNA fragmentation due to streptozotocin decreased after treating pancreatic β cells with Tat-MT in vitro. Importantly, in vivo, intraperitoneal injection resulted in delivery of the Tat-MT protein to the pancreas as well as liver, muscle, and white adipose tissues. Multiple injections increased radical-scavenging activity, decreased apoptosis, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas. Treatment with Tat-MT fusion protein delayed the development of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced mice and improved insulin secretion and resistance in OLETF rats. These results suggest that in vivo transduction of Tat-MT may offer a new strategy to protect pancreatic β cells from glucolipotoxicity, may improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, and may have a protective effect in preventing islet destruction in type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/isolation & purification
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- HIV-1/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Secretion
- Male
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/isolation & purification
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred OLETF
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Medicine and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 471-020, Korea
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Park L, Min D, Kim H, Park J, Choi S, Park Y. The combination of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase protects pancreatic β cells from oxidative damage. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:802-8. [PMID: 22069263 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species are considered an important cause of the death of pancreatic β cells, thereby triggering the development of type 2 diabetes as well as failure of islet transplantation. The biological properties of metallothionein (MT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are likely to be related to their antioxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities, but their access across biological membranes is limited. METHODS We investigated whether Tat-MT and Tat-SOD fusion protein could be introduced into islets by a novel protein transduction technology and protect them from oxidative damage. We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays to analyse cell viability, and assessed expression of apoptosis marker proteins by Western blotting. We examined the protective effect of Tat-MT and Tat-SOD on the development of diabetes and on graft failure after syngeneic islet transplantation into Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice, respectively. RESULTS Tat-MT and Tat-SOD were successfully delivered into the rat islets, and reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, glucolipotoxicity-induced cell death, cytokine injury, and DNA fragmentation due to ischaemia-reperfusion in pancreatic β cells were significantly reduced. In addition Tat-MT and Tat-SOD treatment protected OLETF rats from developing diabetes, and enhanced the survival of antioxidant-treated islets transplanted into the renal capsules of diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Transduction of Tat-MT and Tat-SOD proteins offers a new strategy for protecting against the development of diabetes by relieving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Lee EM, Lee YE, Lee E, Ryu GR, Ko SH, Moon SD, Song KH, Ahn YB. Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on High Glucose-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Injury. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35:469-79. [PMID: 22111038 PMCID: PMC3221022 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose toxicity that is caused by chronic exposure to a high glucose concentration leads to islet dysfunction and induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been identified as an anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether HO-1 up-regulation when using metalloprotophyrin (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP) could protect pancreatic β-cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the CoPP-induced mRNA expression of HO-1. Cell viability of INS-1 cells cultured in the presence of CoPP was examined by acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using flow cytometry. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was determined following incubation with CoPP in different glucose concentrations. RESULTS CoPP increased HO-1 mRNA expression in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Overexpression of HO-1 inhibited caspase-3, and the number of dead cells in the presence of CoPP was significantly decreased when exposed to high glucose conditions (HG). CoPP also decreased the generation of intracellular ROS by 50% during 72 hours of culture with HG. However, decreased GSIS was not recovered even in the presence of CoPP. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CoPP-induced HO-1 up-regulation results in protection from high glucose-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells; however, glucose stimulated insulin secretion is not restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Esder Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryul Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mujić A, Grdović N, Mujić I, Mihailović M, Živković J, Poznanović G, Vidaković M. Antioxidative effects of phenolic extracts from chestnut leaves, catkins and spiny burs in streptozotocin-treated rat pancreatic β-cells. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Pancreatic islets contain low activities of catalase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Thus, enhancing expression of these enzymes in islets has been unquestionably favored. However, such an attempt has produced variable metabolic outcomes. While β cell-specific overexpression of Sod1 enhanced mouse resistance to streptozotocin-induced diabetes, the same manipulation of catalase aggravated onset of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Global overexpression of Gpx1 in mice induced type 2 diabetes-like phenotypes. Although knockouts of Gpx1 and Sod1 each alone or together decreased pancreatic β cell mass and plasma insulin concentrations, these knockouts improved body insulin sensitivity to different extents. Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1, forkhead box A2, and uncoupling protein 2 are three key regulators of β cell mass, insulin synthesis, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Phenotypes resulted from altering GPX1 and/or SOD1 were partly mediated through these factors, along with protein kinase B and c-jun terminal kinase. A shifted reactive oxygen species inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases in insulin signaling might be attributed to altered insulin sensitivity. Overall, metabolic roles of antioxidant enzymes in β cells and diabetes depend on body oxidative status and target functions. Revealing regulatory mechanisms for this type of dual role will help prevent potential pro-diabetic risk of antioxidant over-supplementation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Hou J. Novel avenues of drug discovery and biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:128-52. [PMID: 20220043 PMCID: PMC3033756 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010362904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, developed nations spend a significant amount of their resources on health care initiatives that poorly translate into increased population life expectancy. As an example, the United States devotes 16% of its gross domestic product to health care, the highest level in the world, but falls behind other nations that enjoy greater individual life expectancy. These observations point to the need for pioneering avenues of drug discovery to increase life span with controlled costs. In particular, innovative drug development for metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus becomes increasingly critical given that the number of diabetic people will increase exponentially over the next 20 years. This article discusses the elucidation and targeting of novel cellular pathways that are intimately tied to oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus for new treatment strategies. Pathways that involve wingless, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursors, and cytokines govern complex biological pathways that determine both cell survival and longevity during diabetes mellitus and its complications. Furthermore, the role of these entities as biomarkers for disease can further enhance their utility irrespective of their treatment potential. Greater understanding of the intricacies of these unique cellular mechanisms will shape future drug discovery for diabetes mellitus to provide focused clinical care with limited or absent long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Department of Neurology, 8C-1 UHC, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Wang X, Vatamaniuk MZ, Roneker CA, Pepper MP, Hu LG, Simmons RA, Lei XG. Knockouts of SOD1 and GPX1 exert different impacts on murine islet function and pancreatic integrity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:391-401. [PMID: 20586612 PMCID: PMC3026657 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic subtlety and clinical relevance of different forms of reactive oxygen species in diabetes remain unclear. Using single knockout of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1(-/-)) or Se-glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1(-/-)) and their double-knockout (DKO) mouse models, we determined if elevating endogenously-derived superoxide and hydroperoxide exerted distinct impacts and mechanisms on body glucose homeostasis. Whereas the three knockout groups displayed decreased plasma insulin concentrations and islet β-cells mass, only SOD1(-/-) showed decreased body weight, increased blood glucose, and blocked glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Null of SOD1 and GPX1 elevated respective islet superoxide and hydroperoxide production, and upregulated p53 phosphorylation. Knockout of SOD1 downregulated the foxhead box A2/pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 pathway in a superoxide-dependent fashion at epigenetic, mRNA, and protein levels in islets, but improved insulin signaling in liver and muscle. The SOD1(-/-) mice showed more apparent pancreatitis than the GPX1(-/-) mice that were more susceptible to the cerulein-induced amylase increase. Knockout of SOD1 impaired islet function, pancreas integrity, and body glucose homeostasis more than that of GPX1. Simultaneous ablation of both enzymes did not result in additive or aggravated metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Oelze M, Knorr M, Schuhmacher S, Heeren T, Otto C, Schulz E, Reifenberg K, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Daiber A. Vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes strictly depends on insulin deficiency. J Vasc Res 2011; 48:275-84. [PMID: 21273782 DOI: 10.1159/000320627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In previous studies we and others have shown that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats is associated with vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. In the present study, we sought to determine whether vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress strictly depend on insulin deficiency. METHODS The effects of insulin (2.5 U/day s.c., 2 weeks) therapy on vascular disorders in STZ-induced (60 mg/kg i.v., 8 weeks) diabetes mellitus (type I) were studied in Wistar rats. The contribution of NADPH oxidase to overall oxidative stress was investigated by in vivo (30 mg/kg/day s.c., 4 days) and in vitro treatment with apocynin. RESULTS Insulin therapy completely normalized blood glucose, body weight, vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress as well as increased cardiac reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation in diabetic rats, although diabetes was already established for 6 weeks before insulin therapy was started for the last 2 weeks of the total treatment interval. Apocynin normalized cardiac NADPH oxidase activity, and L-NAME effects suggest a role for uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase in diabetic vascular complications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that STZ-induced diabetes is a model of insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) and that cardiovascular complications are probably not associated with systemic toxic side effects of STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Oelze
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Coughlan MT, Forbes JM. Temporal increases in urinary carboxymethyllysine correlate with albuminuria development in diabetes. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:9-17. [PMID: 21654162 DOI: 10.1159/000328581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) mediate progressive tissue damage in diabetic nephropathy; however, their utility as a noninvasive reliable biomarker of progressive diabetic nephropathy remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated the temporal accumulation of the AGE carboxymethyllysine (CML) at various sites in a model of experimental diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetic rats were followed for 1, 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks. Glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion were measured. CML was determined in the plasma, urine, renal cortical mitochondria and cytosol by an in-house ELISA. Gene expression of AGE receptors were quantified by real-time PCR and urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined by EIA. RESULTS Four weeks after diabetes induction, urinary CML excretion was increased, which preceded the excretion of urinary albumin and continued to rise progressively until 32 weeks. Circulating, mitochondrial and cytosolic CML content and urinary excretion of 8-OHdG were increased 4 weeks after diabetes induction, but did not increase further with diabetes duration. Renal gene expression of AGE receptors was transiently upregulated at 1 week of diabetes, but this was not a sustained phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS The most informative marker of progressive renal damage linked to the AGE pathway in experimental diabetic nephropathy is urinary excretion of CML, which now warrants clinical investigation as a potential noninvasive sensitive marker of progressive diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda T Coughlan
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Patel KP, Mayhan WG, Bidasee KR, Zheng H. Enhanced angiotensin II-mediated central sympathoexcitation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: role of superoxide anion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R311-20. [PMID: 21084672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the superoxide mechanism is involved in angiotensin II (ANG II) signaling in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that ANG II activates sympathetic outflow by stimulation of superoxide anion in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In α-chloralose- and urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of ANG II into the PVN (50, 100, and 200 pmol) produced dose-dependent increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial pressure (AP), and heart rate (HR) in control and STZ-induced diabetic rats. There was a potentiation of the increase in RSNA (35.0 ± 5.0 vs. 23.0 ± 4.3%, P < 0.05), AP, and HR due to ANG II type I (AT(1)) receptor activation in diabetic rats compared with control rats. Blocking endogenous AT(1) receptors within the PVN with AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan produced significantly greater decreases in RSNA, AP, and HR in diabetic rats compared with control rats. Concomitantly, there were significant increases in mRNA and protein expression of AT(1) receptor with increased superoxide levels and expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22(phox), p47(phox), and p67(phox) in the PVN of rats with diabetes. Pretreatment with losartan (10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) in drinking water for 3 wk) significantly reduced protein expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22(phox) and p47(phox)) in the PVN of diabetic rats. Pretreatment with adenoviral vector-mediated overexpression of human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (AdCuZnSOD) within the PVN attenuated the increased central responses to ANG II in diabetes (RSNA: 20.4 ± 0.7 vs. 27.7 ± 2.1%, n = 6, P < 0.05). These data support the concept that superoxide anion contributes to an enhanced ANG II-mediated signaling in the PVN involved with the exaggerated sympathoexcitation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik P Patel
- Dept. of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
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Ding Y, Yamada S, Wang KY, Shimajiri S, Guo X, Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Kitajima S, Watanabe T, Izumi H, Kohno K, Sasaguri Y. Overexpression of peroxiredoxin 4 protects against high-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes by suppressing oxidative stress and cytokines in transgenic mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1477-90. [PMID: 20446767 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) is one of a newly discovered family of antioxidative proteins. We generated human PRDX4 (hPRDX4) transgenic (Tg) mice, displaying a high level of hPRDX4 expression in the pancreatic islets, and then focused on the functions of PRDX4 in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) model using a single high dose of streptozotocin (SHDS). After SHDS-injection, Tg mice showed significantly less hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia and a much faster response on glucose tolerance test than wild-type (WT) mice. Morphologic and immunohistochemical observation revealed that the pancreatic islet areas of Tg mice were larger along with less CD3-positive lymphocyte infiltration compared with WT mice. Upon comparison between these two mouse models, β-cell apoptosis was also repressed, and reversely, β-cell proliferation was enhanced in Tg mice. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of many inflammatory-related molecules and their receptors and transcription factors were significantly downregulated in Tg mice. These data indicate that PRDX4 can protect pancreatic islet β-cells against injury caused by SHDS-induced insulitis, which strongly suggests that oxidative stress plays an essential role in SHDS-induced diabetes. This study, for the first time, implicates that PRDX4 has a pivotal protective function against diabetes progression in this T1DM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
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