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Ren Y, Wang F, Sun R, Zheng X, Liu Y, Lin Y, Hong L, Huang X, Chao Z. The Genetic Selection of HSPD1 and HSPE1 Reduce Inflammation of Liver and Spleen While Restraining the Growth and Development of Skeletal Muscle in Wuzhishan Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38200905 PMCID: PMC10777996 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wuzhishan (WZS) pigs, which are minipigs native to Hainan Province in China, are characterized by strong resistance to extreme hot temperatures and humidity. The relationship between their immune response and growth still needs to be clarified. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect variations within 37 WZS pigs, 32 Large White (LW) pigs, and 22 Xiangxi black (XXB) pigs, and ~2.49 GB of SNPs were obtained. These data were combined with those of two other pig breeds, and it was found that most of the genes detected (354) were located within the distinct genetic regions between WZS pigs and LW pigs. The network that was constructed using these genes represented a center including 12 hub genes, five of which had structural variations (SVs) within their regulatory regions. Furthermore, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR data for 12 genes were primarily consistent in liver, spleen, and LDM tissues. Notably, the expression of HSPs (HSPD1 and HSPE1) was higher while that of most genes involved in the JAK3-STAT pathway were lower in liver tissue of WZS pigs, compared with LW pigs. This likely not only reduced inflammation-related immune response but also impaired their growth. Our findings demonstrated the role of HSPs in the connection between inflammation and growth rate, while also providing the fundamental genetic selection of the adaptability of WZS pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Xinli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yanning Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Lingling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
| | - Zhe Chao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; (Y.R.)
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Kim WS, Kim J. Exploring the impact of temporal heat stress on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in bovine myocytes. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103684. [PMID: 37625343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this investigation was to explore the impact of different temporal stress conditions on the regulators associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy in bovine myocytes. Bovine satellite cells (BSCs) were extracted from three-month-old Holstein bull calves and subjected to myogenic differentiation under three thermal treatments: 38 °C (control; CON), 39.5 °C (moderate heat stress; MHS), and 41 °C (extreme heat stress; EHS) for a duration of 3 or 48 h. Exposure to EHS resulted in elevated (P < 0.01) expression levels of heat shock protein (HSP)20, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90, along with increased (P < 0.01) protein levels. Moreover, cells exposed to MHS and EHS exhibited enhanced (P < 0.01) gene expression of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), while myogenin (MyoG) was overexpressed (P < 0.01) in cells exposed to EHS. These findings suggest that heat exposure can potentially induce myogenic differentiation through the modulation of myogenic regulatory factors. Furthermore, our investigations revealed that exposure to EHS upregulated (P < 0.01) myosin heavy chain (MHC) I expression, whereas MHC IIA (P < 0.01) and IIX (P < 0.01) expression were increased; P < 0.01) under MHS conditions. These observations suggest that the temperature of the muscle may alter the proportion of muscle fiber types. Additionally, our data indicated that EHS activated (P < 0.01) the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and triggered the activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6KB1 pathway, a known anabolic pathway associated with cellular protein synthesis. Consequently, these altered signaling pathways contributed to enhanced protein synthesis and increased myotube size. Overall, the results obtained from our current study revealed that extreme heat exposure (41 °C) may promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy by regulating myogenic regulatory factors and IGF-1-mediated mTOR pathway in bovine myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jongkyoo Kim
- Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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3
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Oh S, Park S, Park Y, Kim YA, Park G, Cui X, Kim K, Joo S, Hur S, Kim G, Choi J. Culturing characteristics of Hanwoo myosatellite cells and C2C12 cells incubated at 37°C and 39°C for cultured meat. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:664-678. [PMID: 37332290 PMCID: PMC10271921 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
To improve culture efficiency of Hanwoo myosatellite cells, these cells were cultured at different temperatures. Hanwoo myosatellite cells were compared with C2C12 cells to observe proliferation and differentiation at culture temperatures of 37°C and 39°C and determine the possibility of using them as cultured meat. Immunofluorescence staining using Pax7 and Hoechst, both cells cultured at 37°C proliferated better than cultured at 39°C (p < 0.05). When differentiated cells were stained with myosin and Hoechst, there was no significant difference in myotube thickness and Fusion index (p > 0.05). In Western blotting analysis, Hanwoo myosatellite cells were no significant difference in the expression of myosin between cells differentiated at the two temperatures (p > 0.05). C2C12 cells were no significant difference in the expression of myosin between cells differentiated at the two temperatures (p > 0.05). In reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, Hanwoo myosatellite cells cultured at 39°C had significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression levels of MyHC, MYF6, and MB than those cultured at 37°C. C2C12 cells cultured at 39°C showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression levels of MYOG and MB than those cultured at 37°C. To increase culture efficiency of Hanwoo myosatellite cells, proliferating at 37°C and differentiating at 39°C are appropriate. Since results of temperature differences of Hanwoo myosatellite cells were similar to those of C2C12 cells, they could be used as a reference for producing cultured meat using Hanwoo satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyuk Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yun-a Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gyutae Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xiangshun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kwansuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seontea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Sunjin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Gapdon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Park J, Lee J, Shim K. Effects of heat stress exposure on porcine muscle satellite cells. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103569. [PMID: 37344027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) affects cell culture as well as animal production. Although there have been many reports on the disparate effects of heat stress, its effects on mammalian muscle stem cells are still unclear. In this study, we isolated porcine muscle satellite cells (PMSCs) from the femurs of 1-day-old piglets, and cultured them under three temperature conditions: 37 °C, 39 °C, and 41 °C. Exposure to HS not only decreased the viability and proliferation rates of PMSCs, but also regulated the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. High-temperature culture conditions decreased both protein and gene expression of Pax7, a proliferation and maintenance marker of muscle satellite cells, whereas it increased both protein and gene expression of MyoG, a differentiation marker, and promoted myotube formation in the early stage of differentiation induction. In addition, the protein and gene expression of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) in PMSCs increased due to heat treatment. In conclusion, HS induced the cell cycle arrest of PMSCs, thereby reducing the proliferation rate. In addition, high-temperature culture conditions promoted the formation of myotubes at the early stage of differentiation of PMSCs without additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinryong Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; 3D Tissue Culture Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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5
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Smith ZK, Eckhardt E, Kim WS, Menezes ACB, Rusche WC, Kim J. Temperature Fluctuations Modulate Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle and Influence Growth Potential in Beef Steers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad343. [PMID: 37791975 PMCID: PMC10583992 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our investigation elucidated the effects of severe temperature fluctuations on cellular and physiological responses in beef cattle. Eighteen Red Angus beef steers with an average body weight of 351 ± 24.5 kg were divided into three treatment groups: 1) Control (CON), exposed to a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 42 for 6 h without any temperature changes; 2) Transport (TP), subjected to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI of 42 for 6 h; and 3) Temperature swing (TS), exposed to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI shift from 42 to 72-75 for 3 h. Our findings indicate that TS can induce thermal stress in cattle, regardless of whether the overall temperature level is excessively high or not. Behavioral indications of extreme heat stress in the cattle were observed, including extended tongue protrusion, reduced appetite, excessive salivation, and increased respiratory rate. Furthermore, we observed a pronounced overexpression (P < 0.05) of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 20, 27, and 90 in response to the TS treatment in the longissimus muscle (LM). Alterations in signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle growth were noted, including the upregulation (P < 0.01) of Pax7, Myf5, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in transcription factors associated with adipogenesis was detected (P < 0.05), such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, and SCD in the TS group, suggesting the potential for adipose tissue accumulation due to temperature fluctuations. Our data illustrated the potential impacts of these temperature fluctuations on the growth of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Smith
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Erika Eckhardt
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Won Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Warren C Rusche
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jongkyoo Kim
- Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Kim WS, Daddam JR, Keng BH, Kim J, Kim J. Heat shock protein 27 regulates myogenic and self-renewal potential of bovine satellite cells under heat stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad303. [PMID: 37688555 PMCID: PMC10629447 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While satellite cells play a key role in the hypertrophy, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscles, their response to heat exposure remains poorly understood, particularly in beef cattle. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and proliferation capability of bovine satellite cells in response to different levels of heat stress (HS) and exposure times. Satellite cells were isolated from 3-mo-old Holstein bulls (body weight: 77.10 ± 2.02 kg) and subjected to incubation under various temperature conditions: 1) control (38 °C; CON), 2) moderate (39.5 °C; MHS), and extreme (41 °C; EHS) for different durations ranging from 0 to 48 h. Following 3 h of exposure to extreme heat (EHS), satellite cells exhibited significantly increased gene expression and protein abundance of heat shock proteins (HSPs; HSP70, HSP90, HSP20) and paired box gene 7 (Pax7; P < 0.05). HSP27 expression peaked at 3 h of EHS and remained elevated until 24 h of exposure (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) and paired box gene 3 (Pax3) was decreased by EHS compared to the control at 3 h of exposure (P < 0.05). Notably, the introduction of HSP27 small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection restored Myf5 expression to control levels, suggesting an association between HSP27 and Myf5 in regulating the self-renewal properties of satellite cells upon heat exposure. Immunoprecipitation experiments further confirmed the direct binding of HSP27 to Myf5, supporting its role as a molecular chaperone for Myf5. Protein-protein docking algorithms predicted a high probability of HSP27-Myf5 interaction as well. These findings indicate that extreme heat exposure intrinsically promotes the accumulation of HSPs and modulates the early myogenic regulatory factors in satellite cells. Moreover, HSP27 acts as a molecular chaperone by binding to Myf5, thereby regulating the division or differentiation of satellite cells in response to HS. The results of this study provide a better understanding of muscle physiology in heat-stressed cells, while unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms that underlie the HS response in satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jayasimha R Daddam
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boon Hong Keng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jongkyoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Lee J, Park J, Choe H, Shim K. Insect peptide CopA3 promotes proliferation and PAX7 and MYOD expression in porcine muscle satellite cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1132-1143. [PMID: 36812017 PMCID: PMC9890342 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insects are a valuable natural source that can produce a variety of bioactive compounds due to their increasing species diversity. CopA3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from Copris tripartitus (i.e., the dung beetle). It is known to increase the proliferation of colonic epithelial and neuronal stem cells by regulating cell cycle. This research hypothesized that CopA3 can promote the proliferation of porcine muscle satellite cells (MSCs). The effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs, which are important for muscle growth and regeneration, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs. According to viability results, we designed four groups: control (without CopA3) and three treatment groups (treated with 5,10, and 25 μg/mL of CopA3). At a CopA3 concentration of 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, the proliferation of MSCs increased more than that observed in the control group. Furthermore, compared to that in the control, CopA3 treatment increased the S phase but decreased the G0/G1 phase ratio. Additionally, early and late apoptotic cells were found to be decreased in the 5 μg/mL group. The expressions of the myogenesis-related transcription factor PAX7 and MYOD proteins were significantly upregulated in the 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL groups, whereas the MYOG protein remained undetected in all group. This study suggested that CopA3 promotes muscle cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle of MSCs and can regulate the activity of MSCs by increasing the expressions of PAX7 and MYOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jinryoung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative
Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 06591, Korea,3D Tissue Culture Research Center, Konkuk
University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hosung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea,Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Kwanseob Shim,
Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University,
Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2609, E-mail:
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Metzger K, Kalbe C, Siengdee P, Ponsuksili S. The effects of temperature and donor piglet age on the transcriptomic profile and energy metabolism of myoblasts. Front Physiol 2022; 13:979283. [PMID: 36213238 PMCID: PMC9532859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.979283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid climate change is associated with frequent extreme heat events and the resulting thermal stress has consequences for the health, welfare, and growth of farm animals. The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptional changes and the effects on energy metabolism in proliferating porcine myoblasts derived from piglets of different ages, representing differences in thermoregulatory abilities, and cultivated below (35°C) and above (39°C, 41°C) the standard cultivation temperature (37°C). Satellite cells originating from Musculus rhomboideus of piglets isolated on days 5 (P5, thermolabile) and 20 (P20, thermostable) of age were used. Our expression analyses highlighted differentially expressed genes in porcine myoblasts cultures under heat or cold induced stress. These gene sets showed enrichment for biological processes and pathways related to organelle fission, cell cycle, chromosome organization, and DNA replication. Culture at 35°C resulted in increased metabolic flux as well as a greater abundance of transcripts of the cold shock protein-encoding gene RBM3 and those of genes related to biological processes and signaling pathways, especially those involving the immune system (cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways). For cultivation at 39°C, differences in the expression of genes related to DNA replication and cell growth were identified. The highest glutathione index ratio was also found under 39°C. Meanwhile, cultivation at 41°C induced a heat stress response, including the upregulation of HSP70 expression and the downregulation of many biological processes and signaling pathways related to proliferative ability. Our analysis also identified differentially expressed genes between cells of donors with a not yet (P5) and already fully developed (P20) capacity for thermoregulation at different cultivation temperatures. When comparing P5 and P20, most of the changes in gene expression were detected at 37°C. At this optimal temperature, muscle cells can develop to their full capacity. Therefore, the most diverse molecular signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, were found and are more pronounced in muscle cells from 20-day-old piglets. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of skeletal muscle cells to temperature stress in terms of their thermoregulatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Metzger
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Kalbe
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Siriluck Ponsuksili,
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Zhao W, Green MP, Marth CD, Liu F, Le HH, Lynch GS, Bell AW, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR, Cottrell JJ. Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:76. [PMID: 35836286 PMCID: PMC9284688 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that sow heat stress (HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to mid-gestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control (CON, 20 °C, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS (cyclic 28 to 33 °C, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples) conditions for 3 weeks. RESULTS A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles (false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups (FDR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences with respect to the timing of muscle molecular responses to gestational HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina D Marth
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Fan Liu
- Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd, Corowa, NSW, 2646, Australia
| | - Hieu H Le
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan W Bell
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-4801, USA
| | - Brian J Leury
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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10
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Exposure of growing Iberian pigs to heat stress and effects of dietary betaine and zinc on heat tolerance. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Effect of chitosan on blood profile, inflammatory cytokines by activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestine of heat stressed mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20608. [PMID: 34663855 PMCID: PMC8523716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body. Heat stress stimulates oxidative stress in intestinal tissue and suppresses the immune responses of mice. The protecting effects of chitosan on heat stress induced colitis have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of chitosan on immune function in heat stressed mice. Mice were exposed to heat stress (40 °C per day for 4 h) for 14 consecutive days. The mice (C57BL/6J), were randomly divided into three groups including: control group, heat stress, Chitosan group (LD: group 300 mg/kg/day, MD: 600 mg/kg/day, HD: 1000 mg/kg/day). The results showed that tissue histology was improved in chitosan groups than heat stress group. The current study showed that the mice with oral administration of chitosan groups had improved body performance as compared with the heat stress group. The results also showed that in chitosan treated groups the production of HSP70, TLR4, p65, TNF-α, and IL-10 was suppressed on day 1, 7, and 14 as compared to the heat stress group. In addition Claudin-2, and Occludin mRNA levels were upregulated in mice receiving chitosan on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Furthermore, the IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α plasma levels were down-regulated on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress in mice receiving the oral administration of chitosan. In conclusion, the results showed that chitosan has an anti-inflammatory ability to tolerate hot environmental conditions.
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Mohyuddin SG, Qamar A, Hu CY, Li Y, Chen SW, Wen JY, Bao ML, Ju XH. Terpinen4-ol inhibits heat stress induced inflammation in colonic tissue by Activating Occludin, Claudin-2 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107727. [PMID: 34426115 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has severe implications on the health of mice involving intestinal mucosal barrier damage and dysregulated mucosal immune response. This study was designed with long-term heat stress to detect the protective effect of terpinen4-ol on body weight, colon length, organ index, morphological structure, inflammatory cytokines expression, Claudin-2, Occludin, and TLR4 signaling pathway of colonic tissue in mice under heat stress. A study found that oral administration of terpinen4-ol helped against mortality and intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by heat stress (40 °C per day for 4 h) exposed for 14 consecutive days. The mice were divided into five groups including control, heat stress, terpinen4-ol low dose (TER LD: 5 mg/kg), medium dose (TER MD: 10 mg/kg), and high dose (TER HD: 20 mg/kg) group. Our study showed that the heat-stress terpinen4-ol group had improved body weight, colon length, and organ index, the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in the blood as compared to the heat stress group. In addition, results showed that heat stress upregulated the expression of TLR4, p65, TNF-α, and IL-10. While, in mice receiving the oral administration of terpinen4-ol, the production of TNF-α, IL-10, TLR4, and p65 was suppressed on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. In addition Claudin-2, Occludin mRNA levels were upregulated in mice receiving terpinen4-ol on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Furthermore, the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α serum levels were also upregulated in mice under heat stress, but in mice receiving the oral administration of terpinen4-ol, the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α level was down-regulated on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Histomorphological examination found that as compared to the control group, the muscle layer thickness and villi height of mice in the heat stress group were significantly reduced, while the changes of the above indicators in the terpinene4-ol groups were improved than those in the heat stress group. In conclusion, the terpinen4-ol has a protective effect on colonic tissue damage induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghulam Mohyuddin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Aftab Qamar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Can-Ying Hu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Ming-Long Bao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Xiang Hong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China.
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Metzger K, Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer A, Ponsuksili S, Kalbe C. Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:36. [PMID: 34174812 PMCID: PMC8236195 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Metzger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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14
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Cho YC, Kang JM, Park W, Kim DH, Shin JH, Kim DH, Park JH. Photothermal therapy via a gold nanoparticle-coated stent for treating stent-induced granulation tissue formation in the rat esophagus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10558. [PMID: 34006988 PMCID: PMC8131374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive therapies using stent technology are currently limited by stent-induced granulation tissue formation adjacent to the stent. The effectiveness of photothermal therapy (PTT) using a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated stent for treating stent-induced granulation tissue formation in the rat esophagus was investigated. All experiments were approved by the animal research committee of our institution. An AuNP-coated, self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was produced to conduct PTT under near-infrared laser irradiation. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats each). The animals in group A (non-coated SEMS) and group B (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65 °C at 4 weeks) were sacrificed 4 weeks after stent placement. The rats in group C (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65 °C at 4 weeks) and group D (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65 °C at 4 and 8 weeks) were sacrificed 8 weeks after stent placement. The effectiveness of local heating was assessed by histopathology. All procedures were successful in all of the animals. Seven rats were excluded because of stent migration (n = 2) and death (n = 5). Granulation tissue formation-related variables were significantly higher in group A than in groups B-D (all p < 0.05). Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and TUNEL expression were significantly lower in group A than in groups B-D (all p < 0.05). Granulation tissue formation-related variables were significantly higher in group C than in groups B and D (all p < 0.05). PTT using AuNP-coated SEMS successfully treated granulation tissue formation after stent placement in the rat esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Cho
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Min Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Shin
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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15
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BORAH S, SOREN S, TALUKDAR R, GOGOI J, CHAKRABORTY S, SAIKIA K, BORDOLOI G, BHATTACHARRYA BN, BARUAH A, TAMULI UR. Study on the effect of seasonal variation on expression of serum biochemicals in pigs. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their more sub-cutaneous fat with little or non-functional sweat glands. Pigs depend on panting as primary mechanism of heat dissipation and/or wallowing. Therefore, a study was conducted to generate basic information on certain blood biochemicals of pigs reared in high humid climatic condition. For the purpose, blood samples were collected randomly from 400 female pigs (6–12 month of age) during summer and winter of the year. The analysis of THI has shown an increase in the study area since 2012 to 2018. The hematological study of the pigs revealed a variation in respect of Hb and TEC with the season. Estimation of different enzymes showed increase with the increase of THI. The activity of enzyme, hormones except leptin was accelerated. Expression of IGF 1, HSP 70 and HSP 90 was also affected with the change of THI. The level of Kisspeptin and FSH β receptor showed difference between two seasons of the year. However, the level of Kisspeptin and FSH β receptor in serum of the experimental animals was found to be insufficient to initiate puberty till 12 months of age. It can be concluded that the pigs reared in semi-intensive system under high humid climatic condition did not attain puberty up to one year of age.
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16
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Sousa dos Santos L, Reis Furtado Campos PH, Cândido da Silva W, Veira AM, Fraga AZ, Caetano RP, Hauschild L. Performance and carcass composition of pigs from two sire lines are affected differently by ambient temperature. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Differences among breeds or lines of pigs in terms of growth and carcass characteristics may be affected by rearing environment (genetic × environment interaction).
Aims
The present study compared the growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from two sire lines reared under constant thermoneutral (22°C; TN) or high ambient temperature (33°C; HT) conditions.
Methods
Hampshire (HAM) and synthetic-cross (SYN) castrated male pigs (n = 12 per group; 32.0 ± 2.0 kg) were kept in individual pens at either 22°C (TN) or 33°C (HT) for 55 days (two experimental phases: 0–27 and 28–55 days) following an adaptation period of 7 days. Throughout the experimental period, growth performance and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on Days 27 and 55) were assessed, and a range of other measurements (serum parameters and physiological responses), which were divided into four measurement groups, was taken on 9 days.
Key results
Irrespective of genetic line (G), the pigs in the HT treatment had lower average daily feed intake values (P < 0.001, by 29% and 41%) than did the pigs in the TN treatment during both experimental phases (0–27 and 28–55 days). During the second growth phase, the average daily gain of the SYN pigs in the HT treatment was reduced by 50%, whereas that of the HAM pigs was reduced by 24% (P < 0.05 for G × ambient temperature (AT)). On Days 27 and 55, pig bodyweight was lower (P < 0.05) in the HT treatment than in the TN treatment. On Day 27, a G × AT interaction was detected for backfat thickness (P < 0.05); among the SYN pigs, the value of this trait was lower (16%; P < 0.05) in the HT treatment than in the TN treatment, while for the HAM pigs, it was not influenced by treatment type.
Conclusion
Despite progeny from both genetic lines being affected negatively by high AT, the purebred HAM pigs were less affected by the high AT conditions than were the pigs from the synthetic line.
Implication
The present findings suggest that individual farm conditions and AT are among the most important factors to consider before implementing a G.
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17
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Miretti S, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F, Baratta M. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Animal Health and Welfare in Livestock. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:578193. [PMID: 33392281 PMCID: PMC7775535 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.578193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that orchestrate a wide range of biological processes through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. An intriguing aspect in identifying these molecules as biomarkers is derived from their role in cell-to-cell communication, their active secretion from cells into the extracellular environment, their high stability in body fluids, and their ease of collection. All these features confer on miRNAs the potential to become a non-invasive tool to score animal welfare. There is growing interest in the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers for assessing the welfare of livestock during metabolic, environmental, and management stress, particularly in ruminants, pigs, and poultry. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential use of tissue and/or circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the assessment of the health and welfare status in these livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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18
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Response of turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cells to hot and cold thermal stress: Effect of growth selection on satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 252:110823. [PMID: 33148517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cell (SCs), the main progenitors for post-hatch poultry muscle growth, has maximal mitotic activity and sensitivity to temperature during the first week after hatch. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of hot and cold temperatures on the proliferation and differentiation of SCs from pectoralis major (P. major) muscle of fast-growing 1-week-old Nicholas commercial (NC) turkeys compared to Randombred Control Line 2 (RBC2) turkeys representing commercial turkeys from 1966. Three temperature regimens were used: SCs proliferation at 38 °C (control) with differentiation at 43° or 33 °C; proliferation at 43° or 33 °C with differentiation at 38 °C; or both proliferation and differentiation at 43°, 38°, or 33°C. Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation increased at 43 °C and decreased at 33 °C in both lines. When a thermal challenge was administered during proliferation, greater stimulatory or suppressive effects on differentiation were observed compared to if the thermal challenge was applied only during differentiation in both lines. Expression of myoblast determination protein 1 during proliferation showed a higher increase in the NC line compared to the RBC2 line at 43 °C. Increased myogenin expression was observed in all hot treatment groups in the NC line but was only observed in the RBC2 line if the hot treatment was administered throughout proliferation and differentiation. Cold treatment suppressed myogenin expression independent of line. These results suggest turkey P. major muscle SCs are more sensitive to environmental temperatures during proliferation, and SCs from growth-selected NC turkeys are more sensitive to thermal stress compared to the RBC2 turkeys.
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19
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Park JH, Kim MT, Kim KY, Bakheet N, Kim TH, Jeon JY, Park W, Lopera JE, Kim DH, Song HY. Local Heat Treatment for Suppressing Gastroduodenal Stent-Induced Tissue Hyperplasia Using Nanofunctionalized Self-Expandable Metallic Stent in Rat Gastric Outlet Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2450-2458. [PMID: 33455352 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promising results from the placement of covered or uncovered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a nonsurgical therapeutic option for the malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), the long patency of the stent is still limited because of stent-induced tissue hyperplasia. Here, a local heat treatment using a nanofunctionalized SEMS is proposed for suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia during GOO treatment. Highly efficient photothermal gold nanoparticle (GNP) transducer-coated SEMSs (GNP-SEMSs) were prepared for local heat treatment in rat gastric outlet. The in vivo heating temperature in rat gastric outlet model was evaluated and compared with in vitro heating temperature. Three groups of our developed 45 rat gastric outlet models were used: group A, noncoated SEMS only; group B, GNP-SEMS plus local heating; and group C, GNP-SEMS only to investigate in vivo efficacy of GNP-SEMS mediated local heating. Ten rats per group were sacrificed for 4 weeks, and five rats per group were sacrificed immediately after local heat treatment. The in vivo heating temperature was found to be 10.8% lower than the in vitro heating temperatures. GNP-SEMSs were successfully placed through a percutaneous approach into the rat gastric outlet (n = 45). The therapeutic effects of GNP-SEMS were assessed by histologic examination including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, immunohistochemistry (TUNEL and CD31), and immunofluorescence (Ki67), and the results showed significant prevention of tissue hyperplasia following stent placement without adjacent gastrointestinal tissue damage. GNP-SEMS-mediated local heating could be an alternative therapeutic option for the suppression of tissue hyperplasia following stent placement in benign and malignant GOOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Park
- Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Tae Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiologic Technology, Cheju Halla University, 38, Halladaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Yung Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Nader Bakheet
- Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiological Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-gil, Dogye-eup, Samcheok-si, Kangwon-do 25949, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Jeon
- Rehabilitation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge E Lopera
- Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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20
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De K, Kumar D, Sharma S, Kumawat P, Mohapatra A, Sahoo A. Effect of drinking earthen pot water on physiological response and behavior of sheep under heat stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 87:102476. [PMID: 32001019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is a major limiting factor for animal welfare and sheep production. Traditionally in India, the villagers used to keep their drinking water in the earthen pot to make it cold during summer. The cold drinking water (24-28 °C) during summer gives a feeling of relief from the heat. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of drinking earthen pot water on physiological response and behavior of sheep under heat stress for one month. For this purpose, eighteen Avishaan rams were selected from the experimental animal flock and they were equally divided into three groups; viz., control (CON), heat stress (HS) and heat stress with earthen pot water (HSC). The animals of HS and HSC were exposed to higher ambient temperatures to induce heat stress inside the psychometric chamber. The animals of CON and HS were provided with ad-libitum water of their ambient temperature whereas; HSC groups were provided with ad-libitum cold water (24-28 °C) earthen pot water. All the animals were offered with 400 gm concentrate mixture and ad-libitum Cenchrus hay. The bodyweight of HS rams was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at the end of the experimental period as compared to their initial body weight. The total roughage and dry matter intake was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in HSC rams as compared to HS rams. The plasma thyroxine concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in HSC as compared with HS group. The rumination time significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in HSC group. However, The blood biochemical did not differ among the groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that Avishaan rams have the ability to adapt to heat stress. Nevertheless, the availability of earthen pot cold drinking water under heat stress reduced their body weight loss, improves their metabolic activity and ultimately improves their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan De
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India.
| | - Davendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Shivendra Sharma
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Pankaj Kumawat
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Arpita Mohapatra
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Artabandhu Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
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21
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Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Rashamol VP, Pragna P, Lees AM, Sejian V. The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:94-102. [PMID: 31445399 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is well documented to have a negative influence on livestock productivity and these impacts may be exacerbated by climate change. Dairy cattle can be more vulnerable to the negative effects of heat stress as these adverse impacts may be more profound during pregnancy and lactation. New emerging diseases are usually linked to a positive relationship with climate change and the survival of microrganisms and/or their vectors. These diseases may exaggerate the immune suppression associated with the immune suppressive effect of heat stress that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes. It has been established that heat stress has a negative impact on the immune system via cell mediated and humoral immune responses. Heat stress activates the HPA axis and increases peripheral levels of glucocorticoids subsequently suppressing the synthesis and release of cytokines. Heat stress has been reported to induce increased blood cortisol concentrations which have been shown to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, interferon γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). The impact of heat stress on the immune responses of dairy cows could be mediated by developing appropriate amelioration strategies through nutritional interventions and cooling management. In addition, improving current animal selection methods and the development of climate resilient breeds may support the sustainability of livestock production systems into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - C Devaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V P Rashamol
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - P Pragna
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Dookie Campus, Dookie College, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3647 Australia
| | - A M Lees
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India.
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22
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Obi S, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Nakamura F, Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Tei C, Inoue T. Heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1). FEBS Open Bio 2018; 9:101-113. [PMID: 30652078 PMCID: PMC6325605 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise generates heat, blood flow, and metabolic changes, thereby inducing hypertrophy of skeletal muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which heat incudes hypertrophy in response to heat is not well known. Here, we hypothesized that heat would induce differentiation of myoblast cells. We investigated the underlying mechanism by which myoblast cells respond to heat. When mouse myoblast cells were exposed to 42 °C for over 30 min, the phosphorylation level of protein kinase C (PKC) and heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) increased, and the mRNA and protein expression level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) increased. Inhibitors of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1), calmodulin, PKC, and Hsf1, and the small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of Trpv1 diminished those heat responses. Heat exposure increased the phosphorylation levels of thymoma viral proto‐oncogene 1 (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (Eif4ebp1), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1 (S6K1). The knockdown of Trpv1 decreased these heat‐induced responses. Antagonists of Hsp70 inhibited the phosphorylation level of Akt. Finally, heat increased the protein expression level of skeletal muscle markers such as myocyte enhancer factor 2D, myogenic factor 5, myogenic factor 6, and myogenic differentiation 1. Heat also increased myotube formation. Knockdown of Trpv1 diminished heat‐induced increases of those proteins and myotube formation. These results indicate that heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells through the Trpv1, calmodulin, PKC, Hsf1, Hsp70, Akt, mTOR, Eif4ebp1, and S6K1 pathway. Moreover, heat increases myotube formation through Trpv1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syotaro Obi
- Research Support Center Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center Japan
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
| | - Chuwa Tei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Research Support Center Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
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23
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Morales A, Chávez M, Vásquez N, Htoo JK, Buenabad L, Espinoza S, Cervantes M. Increased dietary protein or free amino acids supply for heat stress pigs: effect on performance and carcass traits. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1419-1429. [PMID: 29471400 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) pigs reduce their voluntary feed intake (VFI) and ingestion of indispensable amino acids (AA). Increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) content may help to correct the reduced AA intake by HS pigs, but it may further increase their body heat load. Increasing the AA intake by adding free AA to the diet does not affect the heat load of HS pigs. Two 21-d experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 30 pigs (31.1 ± 1.2 kg initial body weight) were used to determine the performance depression because of HS. Treatments were: thermo neutral pigs fed a 22% CP control diet (TN-C); HS pigs fed the control diet (HS-C); HS pigs fed a 14% CP, AA supplemented diet (HS-AA). HS pigs had lower ADG and Lys utilization efficiency, and consumed 20 and 25% less Lys and Thr, respectively, than the TN-C pigs (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2 (comparative slaughter), 25 pigs (33.6 ± 0.65 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the effect of extra dietary AA either as protein-bound or free AA on the performance and carcass traits of HS pigs. Treatments were: control wheat-SBM-free Lys, Thr and Met diet (CON); diet with 30% more CP than CON (HSxP); diet added with free AA to contain at least 25% more of each AA than the recommended level (HSxAA). Ambient temperature (AT) ranged from 27.7 to 37.7°C, and body temperature (39.9 to 41.2°C) followed a similar daily pattern as the AT did. There was no dietary treatment effect on daily feed and NE intake (P > 0.10), but the Lys, Thr, and Met intake was higher in pigs fed the HSxP or HSxAA diets than in pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). The daily weight gain (ADG) was not affected (P > 0.10) but G:F tended to be higher and the Lys utilization efficiency (ADG, g/g Lys intake) tended to be lower in HSxP pigs than in CON pigs (P < 0.10). The HSxAA pigs had higher ADG (P < 0.05), and tended to have higher weight of hot carcass and leg muscle, and the weight gain of hot carcass and leg muscle than the CON pigs (P < 0.10). The weight and daily weight gain of loin muscle was higher in the HSxAA than in the HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). Kidney weight and serum urea in HSxP pigs were higher than in CON and HSxAA pigs, but spleen weight was higher in HSxAA pigs than in CON and HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). These results confirm that HS reduces the VFI, and show that increased levels of AA either as free or protein-bound do not additionally reduce the VFI of HS pigs. These also show that extra free AA supply rather than protein-bound AA better ameliorate the reduced growth performance of HS pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - M Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - N Vásquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau, Germany
| | - L Buenabad
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - S Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - M Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
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24
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Katusic Bojanac A, Rogosic S, Sincic N, Juric-Lekic G, Vlahovic M, Serman L, Jezek D, Bulic-Jakus F. Influence of hyperthermal regimes on experimental teratoma development in vitro. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:131-144. [PMID: 30066346 PMCID: PMC6104434 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened for the impact of hyperthermal regimes varying in the cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43°C) and media composition on tumour development using an original teratoma in vitro model. Rat embryos (three germ layers) were microsurgically isolated and cultivated at the air‐liquid interface. During a two week period, ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal derivatives developed within trilaminar teratomas. Controls were grown at 37°C. Overall growth was measured, and teratoma survival and differentiation were histologically assessed. Cell proliferation was stereologically quantified by the volume density of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen. Hyperthermia of 42°C, applied for 15 minutes after plating (CEM43°C 3.75 minutes), diminished cell proliferation (P ˂ .0001) and enhanced differentiation of both myotubes (P ˂ .01) and cylindrical epithelium (P ˂ .05). Hyperthermia of 43°C applied each day for 30 minutes during the first week (CEM43°C 210 minutes) impaired overall growth (P ˂ .01) and diminished cell proliferation (P ˂ .0001). Long‐term hyperthermia of 40.5°C applied for two weeks (CEM43°C 630 minutes) significantly impaired survival (P ˂ .005). Long‐term hyperthermia of 40.5°C applied from the second day when differentiation of tissues begins (CEM43°C 585 minutes) impaired survival (P ˂ .0001), overall growth (P ˂ .01) and cartilage differentiation (P ˂ .05). No teratomas survived extreme regimes: 43°C for 24 hours (CEM43°C 1440 minutes), hyperthermia in the scant serum‐free medium (CEM43°C 630 minutes) or treatment with an anti‐HSP70 antibody before long‐term hyperthermia 40.5°C from the second day (CEM43°C 585 minutes). This in vitro research provided novel insights into the impact of hyperthermia on the development of experimental teratomas from their undifferentiated sources and are thus of potential interest for future therapeutic strategies in corresponding in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srdjan Rogosic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Juric-Lekic
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Vlahovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Jezek
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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MiR-34c represses muscle development by forming a regulatory loop with Notch1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9346. [PMID: 28839212 PMCID: PMC5571228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pork accounts for about 40% of global meat consumption, the pig is an important economic animal for meat production. Pig is also a useful medical model for humans due to its similarity in size and physiology. Understanding the mechanism of muscle development has great implication for animal breeding and human health. Previous studies showed porcine muscle satellite cells (PSCs) are important for postnatal skeletal muscle growth, and Notch1 signaling pathway and miRNAs regulate the skeletal muscle development. Notch1 signal pathway regulates the transcription of certain types of miRNAs which further affects target gene expression. However, the specific relationship between Notch1 and miRNAs during muscle development has not been established. We found miR-34c is decreased in PSCs overexpressed N1ICD. Through the overexpression and inhibition of mi-34c, we demonstrated that miR-34c inhibits PSCs proliferation and promotes PSCs differentiation. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate there is a reciprocal regulatory loop between Notch1 and miR-34c. Furthermore, injection of miR-34c lentivirus into mice caused repression of gastrocnemius muscle development. In summary, our data revealed that miR-34c can form a regulatory loop with Notch1 to repress muscle development, and this result expands our understanding of muscle development mechanism.
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26
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Hao Y, Feng Y, Yang P, Cui Y, Liu J, Yang C, Gu X. Transcriptome analysis reveals that constant heat stress modifies the metabolism and structure of the porcine longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2101-2115. [PMID: 27561287 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high ambient temperatures is detrimental to pig rearing and porcine meat quality. Deep molecular sequencing allows for genomic characterization of porcine skeletal muscles and helps understand how the genomic landscape may impact meat quality. To this end, we performed mRNA-seq to molecularly dissect the impact of heat stress on porcine skeletal muscles, longissimus dorsi. Sixteen castrated, male DLY pigs [which are crossbreeds between Duroc (D) boars and Landrace (L) × Yorkshire (Y) sows, 79.0 ± 1.5 kg BW] were evenly split into two groups that were subjected to either control (CON) (22 °C; 55 % humidity) or constant heat stress (H30; 30 °C; 55 % humidity) conditions for 21 days. Seventy-eight genes were found to be differentially expressed, of which 37 were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated owing to constant heat stress. We predicted 5247 unknown genes and 6108 novel transcribed units attributed to alternative splicing (AS) events in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, 30,761 and 31,360 AS events were observed in the CON and H30 RNA-seq libraries, respectively. The differentially expressed genes in the porcine skeletal muscles were involved in glycolysis, lactate metabolism, lipid metabolism, cellular defense, and stress responses. Additionally, the expression levels of these genes were associated with variations in meat quality between the CON and H30 groups, indicating that heat stress modulated genes crucial to skeletal muscle development and metabolism. Our transcriptomic analysis provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing porcine skeletal muscle development. Such insights may lead to innovative strategies to improve meat quality of pigs under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuejin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peige Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Johnson JS, Sanz Fernandez MV, Seibert JT, Ross JW, Lucy MC, Safranski TJ, Elsasser TH, Kahl S, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. In utero heat stress increases postnatal core body temperature in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4312-22. [PMID: 26440331 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero heat stress (IUHS) negatively impacts postnatal development, but how it alters future body temperature parameters and energetic metabolism is not well understood. Future body temperature indices and bioenergetic markers were characterized in pigs from differing in utero thermal environments during postnatal thermoneutral (TN) and cyclical heat stress (HS) exposure. First-parity pregnant gilts ( = 13) were exposed to 1 of 4 ambient temperature (T) treatments (HS [cyclic 28°C to 34°C] or TN [cyclic 18°C to 22°C]) applied for the entire gestation (HSHS, TNTN), HS for the first half of gestation (HSTN), or HS for the second half of gestation (TNHS). Twenty-four offspring (23.1 ± 1.2 kg BW; = 6 HSHS, = 6 TNTN, = 6 HSTN, = 6 TNHS) were housed in TN (21.7°C ± 0.7°C) conditions and then exposed to 2 separate but similar HS periods (HS1 = 6 d; HS2 = 6 d; cycling 28°C to 36°C). Core body temperature (T) was assessed every 15 min with implanted temperature recorders. Regardless of in utero treatment, T increased during both HS periods ( = 0.01; 0.58°C). During TN, HS1, and HS2, all IUHS pigs combined had increased T ( = 0.01; 0.36°C, 0.20°C, and 0.16°C, respectively) compared to TNTN controls. Although unaffected by in utero environment, the total plasma thyroxine to triiodothyronine ratio was reduced ( = 0.01) during HS1 and HS2 (39% and 29%, respectively) compared with TN. In summary, pigs from IUHS maintained an increased T compared with TNTN controls regardless of external T, and this thermal differential may have practical implications to developmental biology and animal bioenergetics.
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28
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Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles changes associated with constant heat stress in pigs as measured by bisulfite sequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27507. [PMID: 27264107 PMCID: PMC4893741 DOI: 10.1038/srep27507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress affects muscle development and meat quality in food animals; however, little is known regarding its regulatory mechanisms at the epigenetic level, such as via DNA methylation. In this study, we aimed to compare the DNA methylation profiles between control and heat-stressed pigs to identify candidate genes for skeletal muscle development and meat quality. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was used to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the longissimus dorsi muscles of the pigs. Both groups showed similar proportions of methylation at CpG sites but exhibited different proportions at non-CpG sites. A total of 57,147 differentially methylated regions were identified between the two groups, which corresponded to 1,422 differentially methylated genes. Gene ontogeny and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that these were mainly involved in energy and lipid metabolism, cellular defense and stress responses, and calcium signaling pathways. This study revealed the global DNA methylation pattern of pig muscle between normal and heat stress conditions. The result of this study might contribute to a better understanding of epigenetic regulation in pig muscle development and meat quality.
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29
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Gao CQ, Zhao YL, Li HC, Sui WG, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Heat stress inhibits proliferation, promotes growth, and induces apoptosis in cultured Lantang swine skeletal muscle satellite cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:549-59. [PMID: 26055917 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation suppression and apoptosis are the prominent characteristics induced by heat stress (HS) in cells, whereas the effects of HS on cell growth (mass accumulation) are unknown. In this study, Lantang swine (an indigenous breed of China) skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) were pre-cultured at 37 °C for 24 h. The HS group was subjected to HS at 41 °C, while the control group was maintained at 37 °C. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and SC size are significantly increased (P<0.05) by HS, but cell proliferation is suppressed (P<0.05) and apoptosis is induced (P<0.05). HS led to a lower percentage of SCs in the G0/G1 phase (P<0.05) together with a higher percentage of SCs in the S phase (P<0.05). However, the percentage of SCs in the G2/M phase was decreased (P<0.05) at 48 h but then increased (P<0.05) at 72 h with HS. In addition, the phosphorylation ratios of protein kinase b (Akt), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), and ribosomal protein S6 were increased (P<0.05) by HS. Nevertheless, the phosphorylation ratios of the 4E binding protein 1 and the eukaryotic initiation factor-4E were indistinguishable (P>0.05) from those of the control group. The phosphorylation ratio of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser(2448)) increased (P<0.05) within 48 h, and apparent differences were abrogated at 72 h (P>0.05). Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 expression was increased at 72 h (P<0.05). These findings indicate that HS induces apoptosis and disrupts cell cycle distribution to decrease the number of cells. Additionally, HS can promote SC growth via an activated Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China; Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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30
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Tong B, Xing YP, Muramatsu Y, Ohta T, Kose H, Zhou HM, Yamada T. Association of expression levels in skeletal muscle and a SNP in the MYBPC1 gene with growth-related trait in Japanese Black beef cattle. J Genet 2016; 94:135-7. [PMID: 25846887 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrobiology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 Japan.
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31
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Hao Y, Liu JR, Zhang Y, Yang PG, Feng YJ, Cui YJ, Yang CH, Gu XH. The microRNA expression profile in porcine skeletal muscle is changed by constant heat stress. Anim Genet 2016; 47:365-9. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - J. R. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang 110866 China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang 110866 China
| | - P. G. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Y. J. Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Y. J. Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - C. H. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - X. H. Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
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32
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Parkunan T, Banerjee D, Mohanty N, Das PK, Ghosh P, Mukherjee J, Paul A, Das AK, Nanda PK, Naskar S, Mohan NH, Sarkar M, Das BC. A comparative study on the expression profile of MCTs and HSPs in Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire breeds of pigs during different seasons. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:441-9. [PMID: 25618330 PMCID: PMC4406938 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress has a significant adverse effect on commercial swine production but it is not easy to measure. Animals may adapt to stress conditions by an alteration in the expression of stress-related genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The present study presents a comparative analysis of seasonally varied effects on the expression profiles of HSPs (27, 70, and 90) and MCTs (1, 2, and 4) transcripts in thigh muscle and colon tissue of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire (LWY) breeds of pig. By real-time polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expression of HSP27 and HSP90 genes was found to be higher in both thigh muscle and colon tissue in Ghungroo compared to Large White Yorkshire pigs during the summer. However, the relative expression of HSP70 was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Ghungroo compared to Large White Yorkshire pigs during both seasons in both thigh muscle and colon tissue. The expression of HSP90 was higher in Ghungroo when compared to LWY though the variation was non-significant (P > 0.05) in the colon during different seasons. However, in Ghungroo, the mRNA expression of MCT1 was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in thigh muscle and colon regions during the summer compared to LWY, whereas MCT2 was expressed more in the colon in LWY compared to Ghungroo during the summer. The relative expression of mRNA of MCT4 was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in thigh region in both summer and winter in Ghungroo compared with LWY. Thus, the study demonstrated that both HSPs and MCTs gene expression during thermal stress suggests the possible involvement of these genes in reducing the deleterious effect of thermal stress, thus maintaining cellular integrity and homeostasis in pigs. These genes could be used as suitable markers for the assessment of stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasiraman Parkunan
- />Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Dipak Banerjee
- />Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Niharika Mohanty
- />Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37-Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Pradip Kumar Das
- />Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - ProbalRanjan Ghosh
- />Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Joydip Mukherjee
- />Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Avishek Paul
- />Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradhesh 243122 India
| | - Arun Kumar Das
- />Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37-Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - P. K. Nanda
- />Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37-Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Syamal Naskar
- />Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37-Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Narayana H. Mohan
- />National Research Centre on Pigs, Rani Road, Guwahati, Assam 781131 India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- />Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradhesh 243122 India
| | - Bikash Chandra Das
- />Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37-Belgachia Road, Kolkata, 700037 India
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33
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Tao X, Xu Z, Men X. Transient changes of enzyme activities and expression of stress proteins in the small intestine of piglets after weaning. Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 69:201-11. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1034828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Tong B, Li GP, Sasaki S, Muramatsu Y, Ohta T, Kose H, Yamada T. Association of the expression levels in the skeletal muscle and a SNP in the CDC10 gene with growth-related traits in Japanese Black beef cattle. Anim Genet 2015; 46:200-4. [PMID: 25691006 DOI: 10.1111/age.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance, as well as marbling, is the main breeding objective in Japanese Black (JB) cattle, the major beef breed in Japan. The septin 7 (CDC10) gene, involved in cellular proliferation, is located within a genomic region of a quantitative trait locus for growth-related traits. In this study, we first showed that the expression levels of the CDC10 gene in the skeletal muscle were higher in JB steers with extremely high growth performance than in JB steers with extremely low growth, using real-time PCR. Further, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), NC_007302.5:g.63264949G>C, was detected in the promoter region of the CDC10 gene and genotyped in three Japanese cattle breeds (known as 'Wagyu' in Japan) and the Brown Swiss dairy cattle breed. All four cattle populations showed a moderate genetic diversity at the SNP of the CDC10 gene. An association analysis indicated that the SNP was associated with growth-related traits in JB cattle. These findings suggest possible effects of the expression levels in the skeletal muscle and the SNP of the CDC10 gene on growth-related traits in JB cattle. The CDC10 SNP may be useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase beef productivity in JB beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tong
- Department of Agrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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Indu S, Sejian V, Naqvi SMK. Impact of simulated heat stress on growth, physiological adaptability, blood metabolites and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes under semiarid tropical environment. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to develop a simulated heat stress model for sheep depicting natural environmental conditions and to observe its impact on growth, reproductive performance, physiological adaptability, blood metabolites and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes. The experiment was conducted on 16 adult Malpura ewes for a period of 35 days. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each (GI – control, GII – heat stress). The GII ewes were exposed to different temperature at different hours of the day i.e. 38°C at 1000–1100 hours; 40°C at 1100–1200 hours; 42°C at 1200–1300 hours; 43°C at 1300–1400 hours; 44°C at 1400–1500 hours and 42°C at 1500–1600 hours in a climatic chamber. Feed intake (P < 0.01), bodyweight (P < 0.05) and body condition score (P < 0.01) reduced significantly in GII as compared with GI ewes while water intake increased significantly (P < 0.01). All physiological responses also showed significant variation between the groups for treatment. In addition, all endocrine parameters showed highly significant (P < 0.01) variation for the treatment. Plasma cortisol increased significantly (P < 0.01) while T3 (P < 0.01) and T4 (P < 0.01) decreased significantly in GII as compared with GI ewes. Further, plasma oestradiol decreased significantly (P < 0.01) while plasma progesterone increased significantly (P < 0.01) in GII as compared with GI. Among the biochemical parameters, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, urea and blood urea nitrogen differed significantly between the groups. In addition, oestrus duration also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in GII as compared with GI. Based on the results obtained from the study it can be concluded that simulated heat stress influenced the adaptive behaviour of sheep in terms of changes in physiological, blood biochemical and endocrine responses. Ultimately, their growth and reproductive performance are compromised during the process of adaptation to the simulated heat stress.
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Hao Y, Feng Y, Yang P, Feng J, Lin H, Gu X. Nutritional and physiological responses of finishing pigs exposed to a permanent heat exposure during three weeks. Arch Anim Nutr 2014; 68:296-308. [PMID: 24979614 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2014.931522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a permanent heat exposure during 21 days on pig performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological response and key enzyme of skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Twenty-four male finishing pigs (crossbreed castrates, 79.0 ± 1.50 kg body weight) were allocated to three groups (n = 8): (1) Control (ambient temperature (AT) 22°C, ad libitum feeding), (2) Group HE (AT 30°C, ad libitum feeding) and (3) Group PF (AT 22°C, pair-fed to Group HE). The permanent heat exposure decreased feed intake (p < 0.01), daily body weight gain (p < 0.05) and the digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein and ash (p < 0.05); rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The levels of plasma cortisol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were also significantly increased in Group HE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the heat exposure changed intracellular energy metabolism, where the AMP-activated protein kinase was activated (p = 0.02). This was combined with changes in parameters of glycolysis such as an accumulation of lactic acid (p = 0.02) and a drop of pH24 h (p = 0.02), an increase of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activity (p < 0.01) and, finally, the maturation process of post mortem muscle was influenced. Due to pair-feeding it was possible to evaluate the effects of heat exposure, which were not dependent on reduced feed intake. Such effects were, e.g., reduced nutrient digestibility and changed activities of several enzymes in muscle and blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
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Welc SS, Clanton TL, Dineen SM, Leon LR. Heat stroke activates a stress-induced cytokine response in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1126-37. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00636.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) induces a rapid elevation in a number of circulating cytokines. This is often attributed to the stimulatory effects of endotoxin, released from damaged intestine, on immune cells. However, parenchymal cells also produce cytokines, and skeletal muscle, comprising a large proportion of body mass, is thought to participate. We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle exhibits a cytokine response to HS that parallels the systemic response in conscious mice heated to a core temperature of 42.4°C (TcMax). Diaphragm and hindlimb muscles showed a rapid rise in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleuin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and transient inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) throughout early recovery, a pattern that parallels changes in circulating cytokines. IL-6 protein was transiently elevated in both muscles at ∼32 min after reaching TcMax. Other responses observed included an upregulation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) mRNA but no change in TLR-2 or HSP25 mRNA. Furthermore, c-jun and c-fos mRNA increased. Together, c-jun/c-fos form the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, critical for stress-induced regulation of IL-6. Interestingly, a second “late-phase” (24 h) cytokine response, with increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein, were observed in hindlimb but not diaphragm muscle. These results demonstrate that skeletal muscle responds to HS with a distinct “stress-induced immune response,” characterized by an early upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and TLR-4 and suppression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA, a pattern discrete from classic innate immune cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Welc
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas L. Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shauna M. Dineen
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa R. Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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Byun K, Kim TK, Oh J, Bayarsaikhan E, Kim D, Lee MY, Pack CG, Hwang D, Lee B. Heat shock instructs hESCs to exit from the self-renewal program through negative regulation of OCT4 by SAPK/JNK and HSF1 pathway. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1323-34. [PMID: 24090933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors affect self-renewal of stem cells by modulating the components of self-renewal networks. Heat shock, an environmental factor, induces heat shock factors (HSFs), which up-regulate stress response-related genes. However, the link of heat shock to self-renewal of stem cells has not been elucidated yet. Here, we present the direct link of heat shock to a core stem cell regulator, OCT4, in the self-renewal network through SAPK/JNK and HSF1 pathway. We first showed that heat shock initiated differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Gene expression analysis revealed that heat shock increased the expression of many genes involved in cellular processes related to differentiation of stem cells. We then examined the effects of HSFs induced by heat shock on core self-renewal factors. Among HSFs, heat shock induced mainly HSF1 in hESCs. The HSF1 repressed the expression of OCT4, leading to the differentiation of hESCs and the above differentiation-related gene expression change. We further examined the effects of the upstream MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinases of HSF1 on the repression of OCT4 expression by HSF1. Among the MAP kinases, SAPK/JNK controlled predominantly the repression of the OCT4 expression by HSF1. The direct link of heat shock to the core self-renewal regulator through SAPK/JNK and HSF1 provides a fundamental basis for understanding the effect of heat and other stresses involving activation of HSF1 on the self-renewal program and further controlling differentiation of hESCs in a broad spectrum of stem cell applications using these stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Byun
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics & Stem Cell Core Facility, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Miyabara EH, Nascimento TL, Rodrigues DC, Moriscot AS, Davila WF, AitMou Y, deTombe PP, Mestril R. Overexpression of inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein in mouse improves structural and functional recovery of skeletal muscles from atrophy. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:733-41. [PMID: 22391802 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins play a key regulatory role in cellular defense. To investigate the role of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in skeletal muscle atrophy and subsequent recovery, soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from overexpressing HSP70 transgenic mice were immobilized for 7 days and subsequently released from immobilization and evaluated after 7 days. Histological analysis showed that there was a decrease in cross-sectional area of type II myofiber from EDL and types I and II myofiber from SOL muscles at 7-day immobilization in both wild-type and HSP70 mice. At 7-day recovery, EDL and SOL myofibers from HSP70 mice, but not from wild-type mice, recovered their size. Muscle tetanic contraction decreased only in SOL muscles from wild-type mice at both 7-day immobilization and 7-day recovery; however, it was unaltered in the respective groups from HSP70 mice. Although no effect in a fatigue protocol was observed among groups, we noticed a better contractile performance of EDL muscles from overexpressing HSP70 groups as compared to their matched wild-type groups. The number of NCAM positive-satellite cells reduced after immobilization and recovery in both EDL and SOL muscles from wild-type mice, but it was unchanged in the muscles from HSP70 mice. These results suggest that HSP70 improves structural and functional recovery of skeletal muscle after disuse atrophy, and this effect might be associated with preservation of satellite cell amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lineu Prestes Av. 2415, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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