1
|
Srichawla BS, Manan MR, Kipkorir V, Dhali A, Diebel S, Sawant T, Zia S, Carrion-Alvarez D, Suteja RC, Nurani K, Găman MA. Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241229847. [PMID: 38711470 PMCID: PMC11072077 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241229847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health. Objectives Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health. Methods Sources of Evidence: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari. Eligibility Criteria: Original data including epidemiology, risk factors, neurological manifestations, neuro-diagnostics, management, and preventive measures related to neuroinvasive arbovirus infections was obtained. Sources of evidence not reporting on original data, non-English, and not in peer-reviewed journals were removed. Charting Methods: An initial pilot sample of 30 abstracts were reviewed by all authors and a Cohen's kappa of κ = 0.81 (near-perfect agreement) was obtained. Records were manually reviewed by two authors using the Rayyan QCRI software. Results A total of 171 records were included. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most frequently, including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, meningitis, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain often reveals subcortical lesions, sometimes with diffusion restriction consistent with acute ischemia. Vertical transmission of arbovirus is most often secondary to the Zika virus. Neurological manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome, include microcephaly, failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis often shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated albumin, and protein consistent with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Conclusions Arbovirus infection with neurological manifestations leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for disease include living and traveling in an arbovirus endemic zone, age, pregnancy, and immunosuppressed status. The management of neuroinvasive arbovirus disease is largely supportive and focuses on specific neurological complications. There is a need for therapeutics and currently, management is based on disease prevention and limiting zoonosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar S Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Kipkorir
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arkadeep Dhali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sebastian Diebel
- Department of Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Tirtha Sawant
- Department of Neurology, Spartan Health Sciences University, Spartan Drive St, Saint Lucia
| | - Subtain Zia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard C Suteja
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jl, Raya Kampus Unud Jimbaran, Kec, Kuta Sel, Kabupaten Badung, Bukit Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Khulud Nurani
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, București, Romania
- Bucharest, Romania and Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, București, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez JR, Liu S, Fredregill CL, Pietrantonio PV. Impact of the V410L kdr mutation and co-occurring genotypes at kdr sites 1016 and 1534 in the VGSC on the probability of survival of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) to Permanone in Harris County, TX, USA. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011033. [PMID: 36689414 PMCID: PMC9870149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Harris County, TX, is the third most populous county in the USA and upon detection of arboviruses Harris County Public Health applies insecticides (e.g., pyrethroid-based Permanone 31-66) against adults of Culex quinquefasciatus to prevent disease transmission. Populations of Aedes aegypti, while not yet a target of public health control, are likely affected by pyrethroid exposure. As this species is a vector of emerging arboviruses, its resistance status to Permanone and the kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) associated with pyrethroid resistance were investigated. We examined females of known genotype at the V1016I and F1534C sites (N = 716) for their genotype at the 410 amino acid position in the VGSC, and for the influence of their kdr genotype on survival to Permanone at three different distances from the insecticide source in field tests. Most females (81.8%) had at least one resistant L allele at the 410 position, being the first report of the V410L mutation in Ae. aegypti for Texas. When only genotypes at the 410 position were analyzed, the LL genotype exhibited higher survivorship than VL or VV. Out of 27 possible tri-locus kdr genotypes only 23 were found. Analyses of the probability of survival of tri-locus genotypes and for the V410L genotype using a multivariate logistic regression model including area, distance, and genotype found significant interactions between distance and genotype. When only the most common tri-locus genotypes were analyzed (LL/II/CC, 48.2%; VL/II/CC, 19.1%; and VV/II/CC, 10.1%) genotype had no effect on survival, but significant interactions of distance and genotype were found. This indicated that the V410L kdr allele increased survival probability at certain distances. Genotypes did not differ in survivorship at 7.62-m, but LL/II/CC had higher survivorship than VL/II/CC at 15.24- and 22.86-m. The model also identified differences in survivorship among the operational areas investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Hernandez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shuling Liu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris L. Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia V. Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neyret A, Bernard E, Aïqui-Reboul-Paviet O, Bakhache W, Eldin P, Chaloin L, Briant L. Identification of a non-canonical G3BP-binding sequence in a Mayaro virus nsP3 hypervariable domain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958176. [PMID: 36034716 PMCID: PMC9403187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding-proteins 1 (G3BP1) and 2 (G3BP2) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins involved in stress granule nucleation, previously identified as essential cofactors of Old World alphaviruses. They are recruited to viral replication complexes formed by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) via an interaction with a duplicated FGxF motif conserved in the hypervariable domain (HVD) of virus-encoded nsP3. According to mutagenesis studies, this FGxF duplication is strictly required for G3BP binding and optimal viral growth. Contrasting with this scenario, nsP3 encoded by Mayaro virus (MAYV), an arthritogenic virus grouped with Old World alphaviruses, contains a single canonical FGxF sequence. In light of this unusual feature, we questioned MAYV nsP3/G3BPs relationships. We report that G3BP1 and G3BP2 are both required for MAYV growth in human cells and bind nsP3 protein. In infected cells, they are recruited to nsP3-containing cytosolic foci and active replication complexes. Unexpectedly, deletion of the single FGxF sequence in MAYV nsP3 did not abolish these phenotypes. Using mutagenesis and in silico modeling, we identify an upstream FGAP amino acid sequence as an additional MAYV nsP3/G3BP interaction motif required for optimal viral infectivity. These results, therefore, highlight a non-conventional G3BP binding sequence in MAYV nsP3.
Collapse
|
4
|
Henderson C, Brustolin M, Hegde S, Dayama G, Lau N, Hughes GL, Bergey C, Rasgon JL. Transcriptomic and small RNA response to Mayaro virus infection in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010507. [PMID: 35763539 PMCID: PMC9273063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arboviral pathogen in the genus Alphavirus that is circulating in South America with potential to spread to naïve regions. MAYV is also one of the few viruses with the ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles, as well as the typical arboviral transmitting mosquitoes in the genus Aedes. Few studies have investigated the infection response of Anopheles mosquitoes. In this study we detail the transcriptomic and small RNA responses of An. stephensi to infection with MAYV via infectious bloodmeal at 2, 7, and 14 days post infection (dpi). 487 unique transcripts were significantly regulated, 78 putative novel miRNAs were identified, and an siRNA response is observed targeting the MAYV genome. Gene ontology analysis of transcripts regulated at each timepoint shows a number of proteases regulated at 2 and 7 dpi, potentially representative of Toll or melanization pathway activation, and repression of pathways related to autophagy and apoptosis at 14 dpi. These findings provide a basic understanding of the infection response of An. stephensi to MAYV and help to identify host factors which might be useful to target to inhibit viral replication in Anopheles mosquitoes. Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. In this study we infected Anopheles stephensi with MAYV and sequenced mRNA and small RNA to understand how MAYV infection impacts gene transcription and the expression of small RNAs in the mosquito vector. Genes involved with innate immunity and signaling pathways related to cell death are regulated in response to MAYV infection of An. stephensi, we also discovered novel miRNAs and describe the expression patterns of miRNAs, siRNAs, and piRNAs following bloodmeal ingestion. These results suggest that MAYV does induce a molecular response to infection in its mosquito vector species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Henderson
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shivanand Hegde
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gargi Dayama
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson Lau
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Grant L. Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Bergey
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernandez JR, Longnecker M, Fredregill CL, Debboun M, Pietrantonio PV. Kdr genotyping (V1016I, F1534C) of the Nav channel of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito populations in Harris County (Houston), Texas, USA, after Permanone 31-66 field tests and its influence on probability of survival. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009833. [PMID: 34735439 PMCID: PMC8568202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important mosquito vector of emerging arboviruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. To quell potential disease outbreaks, its populations are controlled by applying pyrethroid insecticides, which selection pressure may lead to the development of insecticide resistance. Target site insensitivity to pyrethroids caused by non-synonymous knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel is a predominant mechanism of resistance in mosquitoes. To evaluate the potential impact of pyrethroid resistance on vector control, Ae. aegypti eggs were collected from eight mosquito control operational areas in Harris County, Texas, and emerged females were treated in field tests at four different distances from the pyrethroid Permanone 31-66 source. The females were genotyped by melting curve analyses to detect two kdr mutations (V1016I and F1534C) in the NaV channel. Harris County females had higher survivorship rates at each distance than the pyrethroid-susceptible Orlando strain females. Survivorship increased with distance from the pyrethroid source, with 39% of field-collected mosquitoes surviving at 7.62 m and 82.3% at 22.86 m from the treatment source. Both the V1016I and F1534C pyrethroid resistant genotypes were widely distributed and at high frequency, with 77% of the females being double homozygous resistant (II/CC), this being the first report of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti in Harris County. Analysis of the probability of survival for each mutation site independently indicated that the CC genotype had similar probability of survival as the FC heterozygous, while the II genotype had higher survival than both the VI and VV, that did not differ. The double homozygous resistant genotype (II/CC) had the highest probability of survival. A linear model estimated probability of survival for areas and genotypes. The high frequency and widespread distribution of double-homozygote pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti may jeopardize disease vector control efforts in Harris County.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Hernandez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Longnecker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris L. Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia V. Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surveillance for Common Arboviruses in Whole Blood of Malaria-Free Ill Returned Canadian Travelers to the Americas. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11908-021-00762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Rate of exposure to Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Brazil between 1955 and 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Virol 2021; 166:347-361. [PMID: 33410995 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mayaro fever is an infection caused by Mayaro virus (MAYV) that stands out among the neglected diseases transmitted by arthropods. Brazil is the country with the highest number of confirmed cases of MAYV infection. However, epidemiological surveillance studies conducted in Brazil are decentralized and focus on small outbreaks and unconfirmed cases. Thus, the aim of this review was to determine the general epidemiological profile of MAYV infections in Brazil. Several medical databases (i.e., PUBMED/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS, SciELO, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) were searched for studies reporting cases of MAYV infections in Brazilian patients. Then, the rate of exposure to MAYV in Brazil was analyzed using RStudio® Software. We identified 37 studies published from 1957 to 2019, containing data of 12,374 patients from 1955 to 2018. The general rate of exposure to MAYV in Brazil was 10% (95% CI; 0.04-0.22), with 1,304 reported cases. The highest incidence of MAYV infection was found in the northern region (13%; 95% CI; 0.05-0.29), with 1,142 cases (88% of all cases). Furthermore, autochthonous MAYV cases have also been reported in the Central West (8%; 95% CI; 0.03-0.18) and Southeast (0.4%; 95% CI; 0.00-0.28). The states with the highest number of cases are Amazonas (490 cases), Pará (276 cases), and Goiás (87 cases). In conclusion, the general rate of exposure to MAYV in Brazil between 1955 and 2018 was considerable, especially in the Legal Amazon, in which 93% of cases were reported.
Collapse
|
8
|
Diagne CT, Bengue M, Choumet V, Hamel R, Pompon J, Missé D. Mayaro Virus Pathogenesis and Transmission Mechanisms. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090738. [PMID: 32911824 PMCID: PMC7558846 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV), isolated for the first time in Trinidad and Tobago, has captured the attention of public health authorities worldwide following recent outbreaks in the Americas. It has a propensity to be exported outside its original geographical range, because of the vast distribution of its vectors. Moreover, most of the world population is immunologically naïve with respect to infection with MAYV which makes this virus a true threat. The recent invasion of several countries by Aedesalbopictus underscores the risk of potential urban transmission of MAYV in both tropical and temperate regions. In humans, the clinical manifestations of MAYV disease range from mild fever, rash, and joint pain to arthralgia. In the absence of a licensed vaccine and clinically proven therapeutics against Mayaro fever, prevention focuses mainly on household mosquito control. However, as demonstrated for other arboviruses, mosquito control is rather inefficient for outbreak management and alternative approaches to contain the spread of MAYV are therefore necessary. Despite its strong epidemic potential, little is currently known about MAYV. This review addresses various aspects of MAYV, including its epidemiology, vector biology, mode of transmission, and clinical complications, as well as the latest developments in MAYV diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Tidiane Diagne
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (R.H.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Michèle Bengue
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (R.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Unité Environnement Risques Infectieux Groupe Arbovirus, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France;
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (R.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (R.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (R.H.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.D.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A possible role for autoimmunity through molecular mimicry in alphavirus mediated arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:938. [PMID: 31969581 PMCID: PMC6976597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviral infections are foremost in causing debilitating clinical outcomes in humans characterized by rheumatic arthritis like conditions. Though the presence of virus in joints and associated inflammation has been implicated as one of the reasons for the acute and chronic polyarthritis post alphaviral infections, the basis for rheumatic like outcomes is not clear. Through an in silico analysis, we have investigated the possibility of an autoimmune process mediated through molecular mimicry in alphaviral infection induced pathogenicity. Interestingly, sequence alignment of the structural polyproteins belonging to arthritogenic alphaviruses revealed conserved regions which share homology with human proteins implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These conserved regions were predicted to exhibit binding to HLA class II alleles, showcasing their potential to incite T cell help. Molecular docking of the viral peptide and the corresponding homologous region in the human protein onto HLA-DRB1 revealed strong similarities in their binding patterns. Linear and conformational B cell epitope prediction analyses showed that these potential mimics have high propensity to elicit an efficient B cell response. We thus propose that the origin of polyarthritis post-arthritogenic alphaviral infections may also be mediated through a hitherto unknown autoimmune response due to the presence of cross-reactive epitopes between viral and human proteins.
Collapse
|
10
|
Diop F, Alout H, Diagne CT, Bengue M, Baronti C, Hamel R, Talignani L, Liegeois F, Pompon J, Morales Vargas RE, Nougairède A, Missé D. Differential Susceptibility and Innate Immune Response of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to the Haitian Strain of the Mayaro Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100924. [PMID: 31601017 PMCID: PMC6832402 DOI: 10.3390/v11100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro (MAYV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. Although forest-dwelling Haemagogus mosquitoes have been considered as its main vector, the virus has also been detected in circulating Aedes ssp mosquitoes. Here we assess the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to infection with MAYV and their innate immune response at an early stage of infection. Aedes albopictus was more susceptible to infection with MAYV than Ae. aegypti. Analysis of transcript levels of twenty immunity-related genes by real-time PCR in the midgut of both mosquitoes infected with MAYV revealed increased expression of several immune genes, including CLIP-domain serine proteases, the anti-microbial peptides defensin A, E, cecropin E, and the virus inducible gene. The regulation of certain genes appeared to be Aedes species-dependent. Infection of Ae. aegypti with MAYV resulted in increased levels of myeloid differentiation2-related lipid recognition protein (ML26A) transcripts, as compared to Ae. albopictus. Increased expression levels of thio-ester-containing protein 22 (TEP22) and Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1) gene transcripts were observed in infected Ae. albopictus, but not Ae. aegypti. The differences in these gene expression levels during MAYV infection could explain the variation in susceptibility observed in both mosquito species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fodé Diop
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Haoues Alout
- ASTRE, INRA CIRAD (UMR117), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Michèle Bengue
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Cécile Baronti
- Unité des virus émergents, Aix Marseille Univ-IRD 190, Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Loïc Talignani
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Florian Liegeois
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Ronald E Morales Vargas
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des virus émergents, Aix Marseille Univ-IRD 190, Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC-IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pezzi L, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Reusken CB, Ribeiro GS, LaBeaud AD, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Brasil P, Lecuit M, Failloux AB, Gallian P, Jaenisch T, Simon F, Siqueira AM, Rosa-Freitas MG, Vega Rua A, Weaver SC, Drexler JF, Vasilakis N, de Lamballerie X. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 3: Epidemiological distribution of Mayaro virus. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104610. [PMID: 31545981 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Pezzi
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France; EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, Corte, France.
| | - A J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - C B Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G S Ribeiro
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - A D LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - R Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Paris Descartes University, Departement of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, IHU Imagine, Paris, France
| | - A B Failloux
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - P Gallian
- Établissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - T Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Simon
- Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - A M Siqueira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M G Rosa-Freitas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Vega Rua
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Environment and Health Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe
| | - S C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - J F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - N Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - de Lamballerie X
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Levi LI, Vignuzzi M. Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050133. [PMID: 31091828 PMCID: PMC6560413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are responsible for a dengue-like syndrome associated with severe debilitating polyarthralgia that can persist for months or years and impact life quality. Chikungunya virus is the most well-known member of this family since it was responsible for two worldwide epidemics with millions of cases in the last 15 years. However, other arthritogenic alphaviruses that are as of yet restrained to specific territories are the cause of neglected tropical diseases: O'nyong'nyong virus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mayaro virus in Latin America, and Ross River virus in Australia and the Pacific island countries and territories. This review evaluates their emerging potential in light of the current knowledge for each of them and in comparison to chikungunya virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Levi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
- Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
GloPID-R report on Chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part I: Biological diagnostics. Antiviral Res 2019; 166:66-81. [PMID: 30905821 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) Chikungunya (CHIKV), O'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group is investigating the natural history, epidemiology and medical management of infection by these viruses, to identify knowledge gaps and to propose recommendations for direct future investigations and rectification measures. Here, we present the first report dedicated to diagnostic aspects of CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV. Regarding diagnosis of the disease at the acute phase, molecular assays previously described for the three viruses require further evaluation, standardized protocols and the availability of international standards representing the genetic diversity of the viruses. Detection of specific IgM would benefit from further investigations to clarify the extent of cross-reactivity among the three viruses, the sensitivity of the assays, and the possible interfering role of cryoglobulinaemia. Implementation of reference panels and external quality assessments for both molecular and serological assays is necessary. Regarding sero-epidemiological studies, there is no reported high-throughput assay that can distinguish among these different viruses in areas of potential co-circulation. New specific tools and/or improved standardized protocols are needed to enable large-scale epidemiological studies of public health relevance to be performed. Considering the high risk of future CHIKV, MAYV and ONNV outbreaks, the Working Group recommends that a major investigation should be initiated to fill the existing diagnostic gaps.
Collapse
|
14
|
Brustolin M, Pujhari S, Henderson CA, Rasgon JL. Anopheles mosquitoes may drive invasion and transmission of Mayaro virus across geographically diverse regions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006895. [PMID: 30403665 PMCID: PMC6242690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Togavirus (Alphavirus) Mayaro virus (MAYV) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County (Trinidad) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Imported MAYV cases are on the rise, leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Little is known about the range of mosquito species that are competent MAYV vectors. We tested vector competence of 2 MAYV genotypes in laboratory strains of six mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles freeborni, An. gambiae, An. quadrimaculatus, An. stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were poor MAYV vectors, and had either poor or null infection and transmission rates at the tested viral challenge titers. In contrast, all Anopheles species were able to transmit MAYV, and 3 of the 4 species transmitted both genotypes. The Anopheles species tested are divergent and native to widely separated geographic regions (Africa, Asia, North America), suggesting that Anopheles may be important in the invasion and spread of MAYV across diverse regions of the world. Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. In this study we infected different species of mosquito (belonging to the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex) with MAYV and tested their capacity to transmit the virus at different time points. Results show that Anopheles mosquitoes were competent vectors for 2 genotypes of MAYV, while Aedes and Culex were poor vectors. The capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes to transmit MAYV highlights their importance as neglected vectors of arboviruses. These data suggest that Anopheles mosquitoes have the potential to sustain transmission cycles of neglected pathogens in naïve regions, including the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brustolin
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Cory A. Henderson
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mayaro: an emerging viral threat? Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:163. [PMID: 30254258 PMCID: PMC6156602 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV), an enveloped RNA virus, belongs to the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus. This arthropod-borne virus (Arbovirus) is similar to Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). The term “ChikDenMaZika syndrome” has been coined for clinically suspected arboviruses, which have arisen as a consequence of the high viral burden, viral co-infection, and co-circulation in South America. In most cases, MAYV disease is nonspecific, mild, and self-limited. Fever, arthralgia, and maculopapular rash are among the most common symptoms described, being largely indistinguishable from those caused by other arboviruses. However, severe manifestations of the infection have been reported, such as chronic polyarthritis, neurological complications, hemorrhage, myocarditis, and even death. Currently, there are no specific commercial tools for the diagnosis of MAYV, and the use of serological methods can be affected by cross-reactivity and the window period. A diagnosis based on clinical and epidemiological data alone is still premature. Therefore, new entomological research is warranted, and new highly specific molecular diagnostic methods should be developed. This comprehensive review is intended to encourage public health authorities and scientific communities to actively work on diagnosing, preventing, and treating MAYV infection.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cavalheiro MG, Costa LSDA, Campos HS, Alves LS, Assunção-Miranda I, Poian ATDA. Macrophages as target cells for Mayaro virus infection: involvement of reactive oxygen species in the inflammatory response during virus replication. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88:1485-99. [PMID: 27627069 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses among the viruses that cause arthritis, consisting in a public health problem worldwide by causing localized outbreaks, as well as large epidemics in humans. Interestingly, while the Old World alphaviruses are arthritogenic, the New World alphaviruses cause encephalitis. One exception is Mayaro virus (MAYV), which circulates exclusively in South America but causes arthralgia and is phylogenetically related to the Old World alphaviruses. Although MAYV-induced arthritis in humans is well documented, the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to its pathogenesis are completely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages, key players in arthritis development, are target cells for MAYV infection, which leads to cell death through apoptosis. We showed that MAYV replication in macrophage induced the expression of TNF, a cytokine that would contribute to pathogenesis of MAYV fever, since TNF promotes an inflammatory profile characteristic of arthritis. We also found a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at early times of infection, which coincides with the peak of virus replication and precedes TNF secretion. Treatment of the cells with antioxidant agents just after infection completely abolished TNF secretion, indicating an involvement of ROS in inflammation induced during MAYV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Cavalheiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Leandro Silva DA Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Holmes S Campos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Letícia S Alves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, Sala I0-55, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, Sala I0-55, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andrea T DA Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco E, Sala 18, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adawi M, Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Sharif K, Amital H, Mahroum N. Discrepancies Between Classic and Digital Epidemiology in Searching for the Mayaro Virus: Preliminary Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Google Trends. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e93. [PMID: 29196278 PMCID: PMC5732327 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mayaro virus (MAYV), first discovered in Trinidad in 1954, is spread by the Haemagogus mosquito. Small outbreaks have been described in the past in the Amazon jungles of Brazil and other parts of South America. Recently, a case was reported in rural Haiti. Objective Given the emerging importance of MAYV, we aimed to explore the feasibility of exploiting a Web-based tool for monitoring and tracking MAYV cases. Methods Google Trends is an online tracking system. A Google-based approach is particularly useful to monitor especially infectious diseases epidemics. We searched Google Trends from its inception (from January 2004 through to May 2017) for MAYV-related Web searches worldwide. Results We noted a burst in search volumes in the period from July 2016 (relative search volume [RSV]=13%) to December 2016 (RSV=18%), with a peak in September 2016 (RSV=100%). Before this burst, the average search activity related to MAYV was very low (median 1%). MAYV-related queries were concentrated in the Caribbean. Scientific interest from the research community and media coverage affected digital seeking behavior. Conclusions MAYV has always circulated in South America. Its recent appearance in the Caribbean has been a source of concern, which resulted in a burst of Internet queries. While Google Trends cannot be used to perform real-time epidemiological surveillance of MAYV, it can be exploited to capture the public’s reaction to outbreaks. Public health workers should be aware of this, in that information and communication technologies could be used to communicate with users, reassure them about their concerns, and to empower them in making decisions affecting their health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adawi
- Padeh and Ziv Hospitals, Bar-Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zafat, Israel
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Naim Mahroum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impact of environmental factors on neglected emerging arboviral diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005959. [PMID: 28953892 PMCID: PMC5633201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosystems, which provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses. However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral diseases. Thus, based on the hypothesis of correlation between environment and epidemiology, the proposals of this study were (1) to obtain the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fevers in Brazil based on environmental conditions corresponding to the periods of occurrence of the outbreaks; (2) to describe the macroclimatic scenario in Brazil in the last 50 years, evaluating if there was any detectable tendency to increase temperatures and (3) to model future expansion of those arboviruses in Brazil based on future temperature projections. Methodology/Principal findings Our model assessed seven environmental factors (annual rainfall, annual temperature, elevation, seasonality of temperature, seasonality of precipitation, thermal amplitude, and daytime temperature variation) for their association with the occurrence of outbreaks in the last 50 years. Our results suggest that various environmental factors distinctly influence the distribution of each arbovirus, with temperature being the central determinant of disease distribution in all high-risk areas. These areas are subject to change, since the average temperature of some areas has increased significantly over the time. Conclusions/Significance This is the first spatio-temporal study of the Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis, and Rocio arboviruses, and our results indicate that they may become increasingly important public health problems in Brazil. Thus, next studies and control programs should include these diseases and also take into consideration key environmental elements. The Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis, and Rocio viruses are neglected emerging mosquito-borne viruses that are spreading and causing wide-scale epidemics in South America. However, under-reporting of these cases is possible, as the symptoms are shared with other endemic diseases. Moreover, little is known regarding environmental conditions that favor these tropical outbreaks of arboviral diseases. This study examined the association of environmental factors with the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fever outbreaks (present and future) and finds that temperature is a central variable that determines the distribution of high-risk areas. This fact is very worrying, because the average temperature of some areas has increased significantly over the time. Results from this study strongly suggest that these four diseases have the potential to become important public health problems or become increasingly relevant in Brazil and other tropical areas in the coming years and should be monitored as part of effective control programs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Esposito DLA, Fonseca BALD. Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:540-544. [PMID: 28688628 PMCID: PMC9425496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus is an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family and is transmitted mainly by Hemagogus mosquitoes. This virus circulates in high-density tropical forests or rural areas of Central and South America causing a disease characterized by high-grade fever, maculopapular skin rash and marked arthralgia that, in some patients, can persist for long periods after infection and may be misinterpreted as chikungunya. Although only a few outbreaks involving this virus have been reported, in the last years the number of Mayaro virus infections has increased in the central and northern regions of Brazil. In this review, we describe the reported prevalence of this infection over the years and discuss the circumstances that can contribute to the establishment of an urban mayaro virus epidemic in Brazil and the problems encountered with the specific diagnosis, especially the antigenic cross-reactivity of this pathogen with other viruses of the same family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departmento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marcondes CB, Contigiani M, Gleiser RM. Emergent and Reemergent Arboviruses in South America and the Caribbean: Why So Many and Why Now? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:509-532. [PMID: 28399216 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Varios arbovirus han emergido y/o reemergido en el Nuevo Mundo en las últimas décadas. Los virus Zika y chikungunya, anteriormente restringidos a África y quizás Asia, invadieron el continente, causando gran preocupación; además siguen ocurriendo brotes causados por el virus dengue en casi todos los países, con millones de casos por año. El virus West Nile invadió rápidamente América del Norte, y ya se han encontrado casos en América Central y del Sur. Otros arbovirus, como Mayaro y el virus de la encefalitis equina del este han aumentado su actividad y se han encontrado en nuevas regiones. Se han documentado cambios en la patogenicidad de algunos virus que conducen a enfermedades inesperadas. Una fauna diversa de mosquitos, cambios climáticos y en la vegetación, aumento de los viajes, y urbanizaciones no planificadas que generan condiciones adecuadas para la proliferación de Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say y otros mosquitos vectores, se han combinado para influir fuertemente en los cambios en la distribución y la incidencia de varios arbovirus. Se enfatiza la necesidad de realizar estudios exhaustivos de la fauna de mosquitos y modificaciones de las condiciones ambientales, sobre todo en las zonas urbanas fuertemente influenciadas por factores sociales, políticos y económicos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brisola Marcondes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Contigiani
- Emeritus Professor, Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel Miranda Gleiser
- Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN) - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carvalho CA, Silva JL, Oliveira AC, Gomes AM. On the entry of an emerging arbovirus into host cells: Mayaro virus takes the highway to the cytoplasm through fusion with early endosomes and caveolae-derived vesicles. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3245. [PMID: 28462045 PMCID: PMC5410162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emergent sylvatic alphavirus in South America, related to sporadic outbreaks of a chikungunya-like human febrile illness accompanied by severe arthralgia. Despite its high potential for urban emergence, MAYV is still an obscure virus with scarce information about its infection cycle, including the corresponding early events. Even for prototypical alphaviruses, the cell entry mechanism still has some rough edges to trim: although clathrin-mediated endocytosis is quoted as the putative route, alternative paths as distinct as direct virus genome injection through the cell plasma membrane seems to be possible. Our aim was to clarify crucial details on the entry route exploited by MAYV to gain access into the host cell. Tracking the virus since its first contact with the surface of Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy, we show that its entry occurs by a fast endocytic process and relies on fusion with acidic endosomal compartments. Moreover, blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis or depleting cholesterol from the cell membrane leads to a strong inhibition of viral infection, as assessed by plaque assays. Following this clue, we found that early endosomes and caveolae-derived vesicles are both implicated as target membranes for MAYV fusion. Our findings unravel the very first events that culminate in a productive infection by MAYV and shed light on potential targets for a rational antiviral therapy, besides providing a better comprehension of the entry routes exploited by alphaviruses to get into the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A.M. Carvalho
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Current address: Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa C. Oliveira
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre M.O. Gomes
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernandez-Garcia MD, Bangert M, de Ory F, Potente A, Hernandez L, Lasala F, Herrero L, Molero F, Negredo A, Vázquez A, Minguito T, Balfagón P, de la Fuente J, Puente S, Ramírez de Arellano E, Lago M, Martinez M, Gascón J, Norman F, Lopez-Velez R, Sulleiro E, Pou D, Serre N, Roblas RF, Tenorio A, Franco L, Sanchez-Seco MP. Chikungunya virus infections among travellers returning to Spain, 2008 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30336. [PMID: 27631156 PMCID: PMC5048715 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.36.30336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the first documented autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus in the Caribbean island of Saint Martin in 2013, the infection has been reported within the Caribbean region as well as North, Central and South America. The risk of autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus becoming established in Spain may be elevated due to the large numbers of travellers returning to Spain from countries affected by the 2013 epidemic in the Caribbean and South America, as well as the existence of the Aedes albopictus vector in certain parts of Spain. We retrospectively analysed the laboratory diagnostic database of the National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII) from 2008 to 2014. During the study period, 264 confirmed cases, of 1,371 suspected cases, were diagnosed at the CNM-ISCIII. In 2014 alone, there were 234 confirmed cases. The highest number of confirmed cases were reported from the Dominican Republic (n = 136), Venezuela (n = 30) and Haiti (n = 11). Six cases were viraemic in areas of Spain where the vector is present. This report highlights the need for integrated active case and vector surveillance in Spain and other parts of Europe where chikungunya virus may be introduced by returning travellers.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tappe D, Pérez-Girón JV, Just-Nübling G, Schuster G, Gómez-Medina S, Günther S, Muñoz-Fontela C, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Sustained Elevated Cytokine Levels during Recovery Phase of Mayaro Virus Infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:750-2. [PMID: 26981875 PMCID: PMC4806971 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
24
|
Friedrich-Jänicke B, Emmerich P, Tappe D, Günther S, Cadar D, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Genome analysis of Mayaro virus imported to Germany from French Guiana. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1255-7. [PMID: 24960052 PMCID: PMC4073840 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
25
|
Terzian ACB, Auguste AJ, Vedovello D, Ferreira MU, da Silva-Nunes M, Sperança MA, Suzuki RB, Juncansen C, Araújo JP, Weaver SC, Nogueira ML. Isolation and characterization of Mayaro virus from a human in Acre, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:401-4. [PMID: 25510721 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is widely distributed throughout South America and is the etiologic agent of Mayaro fever, an acute febrile illness often presenting with arthralgic manifestations. The true incidence of MAYV infection is likely grossly underestimated because the symptomatic presentation is very similar to that of dengue fever and other acute febrile tropical diseases. We report the complete genome sequence of a MAYV isolate detected from an Acrelândia patient presenting with fever, chills, and sweating, but with no arthralgia. Results show that this isolate belongs to genotype D and is closely related to Bolivian strains. Our results suggest that the Acre/Mayaro strain is closely related to the progenitor of these Bolivian strains that were isolated between 2002 and 2006.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B Terzian
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danila Vedovello
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica da Silva-Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia A Sperança
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Suzuki
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Juncansen
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P Araújo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Slegers C, Keuter M, Günther S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, van der Ven A, de Mast Q. Persisting arthralgia due to Mayaro virus infection in a traveler from Brazil: Is there a risk for attendants to the 2014 FIFA World Cup? J Clin Virol 2014; 60:317-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Carvalho CAM, Sousa IP, Silva JL, Oliveira AC, Gonçalves RB, Gomes AMO. Inhibition of Mayaro virus infection by bovine lactoferrin. Virology 2014; 452-453:297-302. [PMID: 24606707 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus linked to several sporadic outbreaks of a highly debilitating febrile illness in many regions of South America. MAYV is on the verge of urbanization from the Amazon region and no effective antiviral intervention is available against human infections. Our aim was to investigate whether bovine lactoferrin (bLf), an iron-binding glycoprotein, could hinder MAYV infection. We show that bLf promotes a strong inhibition of virus infection with no cytotoxic effects. Monitoring the effect of bLf on different stages of infection, we observed that virus entry into the cell is the heavily compromised event. Moreover, we found that binding of bLf to the cell is highly dependent on the sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that bLf impairs virus entry by blocking these molecules. Our findings highlight the antiviral potential of bLf and reveal an effective strategy against one of the major emerging human pathogens in the neotropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A M Carvalho
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ivanildo P Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20211-040, Brazil
| | - Andre M O Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Theilacker C, Held J, Allering L, Emmerich P, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Kern WV, Panning M. Prolonged polyarthralgia in a German traveller with Mayaro virus infection without inflammatory correlates. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:369. [PMID: 23927600 PMCID: PMC3750572 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mayaro virus is endemic in South America and sporadic outbreaks have been described. It causes a dengue-like febrile illness accompanied by severe and long-lasting polyarthralgias. Outside endemic regions, however, the disease is not well known and can be misdiagnosed as dengue. International travellers are at risk to acquire Mayaro virus and due to increased worldwide travel infectious disease specialists need to be aware of such rare clinical entities. Case presentation We report the first Mayaro virus infection imported into Germany. A 20-year-old woman developed fever, myalgia, maculopapular rash, and polyarthralgias following a 10-day trip in the Rurrenabaque region of Bolivia. Severe polyarthralgias persisted for 5 months and were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Serological analysis demonstrated Mayaro virus-specific-IgM and -IgG antibodies two months after onset of symptoms. Except for CXCL8/IL-8 other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines were unremarkable at this time. Conclusions Dissemination of knowledge on rare disease might improve patient management. Understanding the inherent features of Mayaro virus infection and how the virus interacts with its host are essential for optimal patient care and therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Neumayr A, Gabriel M, Fritz J, Günther S, Hatz C, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Blum J. Mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from Amazon Basin, northern Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:695-6. [PMID: 22469145 PMCID: PMC3309675 DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
31
|
Come fly with me: review of clinically important arboviruses for global travelers. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:191-203. [PMID: 22840968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Western tourists are increasingly traveling to exotic locations often located in tropical or subtropical regions of the world. The magnitude of international travel and the constantly changing dynamics of arbovirus diseases across the globe demand up-to-date information about arbovirus threats to travelers and the countries they visit. In this review, the current knowledge on arbovirus threats to global travelers is summarized and prioritized per region. Based on most common clinical syndromes, currently known arboviruses can be grouped to develop diagnostic algorithms to support decision-making in diagnostics. This review systematically combines and structures the current knowledge on medically important travel-related arboviruses and illustrates the necessity of a detailed patient history (travel history, symptoms experienced, vaccination history, engaged activities, tick or mosquito bite and use of repellent and onset of symptoms), to guide the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Long KC, Ziegler SA, Thangamani S, Hausser NL, Kochel TJ, Higgs S, Tesh RB. Experimental transmission of Mayaro virus by Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:750-7. [PMID: 21976583 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Mayaro fever have been associated with a sylvatic cycle of Mayaro virus (MAYV) transmission in South America. To evaluate the potential for a common urban mosquito to transmit MAYV, laboratory vector competence studies were performed with Aedes aegypti from Iquitos, Peru. Oral infection in Ae. aegypti ranged from 0% (0/31) to 84% (31/37), with blood meal virus titers between 3.4 log(10) and 7.3 log(10) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. Transmission of MAYV by 70% (21/30) of infected mosquitoes was shown by saliva collection and exposure to suckling mice. Amount of viral RNA in febrile humans, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ranged from 2.7 to 5.3 log(10) PFU equivalents/mL. Oral susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to MAYV at titers encountered in viremic humans may limit opportunities to initiate an urban cycle; however, transmission of MAYV by Ae. aegypti shows the vector competence of this species and suggests potential for urban transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanya C Long
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|