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Dannesbo S, Blixenkrone-Moeller E, Pihl CA, Sillesen AS, Voegg RO, Davidsen AS, Lind LE, Jeppesen DL, Kruse C, Noerager B, Dodd JK, Jorgensen FS, Raja AA, Colan SD, Mertens L, Hjortdal VE, Vejlstrup N, Anderson RH, Bundgaard H, Iversen K. A novel algorithm for classification of interatrial communications within the oval fossa in the newborn. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1942-1949. [PMID: 36408693 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An interatrial communication is present in most neonates. The majority are considered the "normal" patency of the oval foramen, while a minority are abnormal atrial septal defects. Differentiation between the two with transthoracic echocardiography may be challenging, and no generally accepted method of classification is presently available. We aimed to develop and determine the reliability of a new classification of interatrial communications in newborns. METHODS AND RESULTS An algorithm was developed based on echocardiographic criteria from 495 newborns (median age 11[8;13] days, 51.5% females). The algorithm defines three main categories: patency of the oval foramen, atrial septal defect, and no interatrial communication as well as several subtypes. We found an interatrial communication in 414 (83.6%) newborns. Of these, 386 (93.2%) were categorised as patency of the oval foramen and 28 (6.8%) as atrial septal defects.Echocardiograms from another 50 newborns (median age 11[8;13] days, 36.0% female), reviewed by eight experts in paediatric echocardiography, were used to assess the inter- and intraobserver variation of classification of interatrial communications into patency of the oval foramen and atrial septal defect, with and without the use of the algorithm. Review with the algorithm gave a substantial interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.66), and an almost perfect intraobserver agreement (kappa = 0.82). Without the use of the algorithm, the interobserver agreement between experienced paediatric cardiologists was low (kappa = 0.20). CONCLUSION A new algorithm for echocardiographic classification of interatrial communications in newborns produced almost perfect intraobserver and substantial interobserver agreement. The algorithm may prove useful in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Dannesbo
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Blixenkrone-Moeller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Pihl
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Sillesen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth O Voegg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnes S Davidsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise E Lind
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorthe L Jeppesen
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Kruse
- Department of Pediatrics, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina Noerager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James K Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Finn S Jorgensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anna A Raja
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven D Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Mertens
- Department of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vibeke E Hjortdal
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Sox9 Expression in the Second Heart Field; A Morphological Assessment of the Importance to Cardiac Development with Emphasis on Atrioventricular Septation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110376. [PMID: 36354775 PMCID: PMC9699451 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to form the septal structures that separate the left and right cardiac chambers results in defects that allow shunting of blood from one side of the heart to the other, leading to the mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. The atrioventricular (AV) mesenchymal complex, consisting of the AV cushions, the Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion (DMP), and the mesenchymal cap, plays a crucial role in AV septation. Cells found in these structures derive from different cell lineages. In this study we have investigated the role of the transcription factor Sox9 in the Second Heart Field (SHF) with the emphasis on the formation of the atrioventricular septal complex. Using a mouse model in which Sox9 is conditionally deleted from the SHF we demonstrate that in this model virtually all mouse embryos develop septal abnormalities, including complete atrioventricular septal defects (cAVSDs) and isolated ventricular septal defects. Our morphological analyses indicate that perturbation of the development of the mesenchymal cap appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the atrial septal defects observed in the AVSDs and suggests that this component of the AV mesenchymal complex might play a more important role in AV septation than previously appreciated.
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3
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Alam MJ, Uppulapu SK, Tiwari V, Varghese B, Mohammed SA, Adela R, Arava SK, Banerjee SK. Pregestational diabetes alters cardiac structure and function of neonatal rats through developmental plasticity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919293. [PMID: 36176990 PMCID: PMC9514058 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) leads to developmental impairment, especially cardiac dysfunction, in their offspring. The hyperglycemic microenvironment inside the uterus alters the cardiac plasticity characterized by electrical and structural remodeling of the heart. The altered expression of several transcription factors due to hyperglycemia during fetal development might be responsible for molecular defects and phenotypic changes in the heart. The molecular mechanism of the developmental defects in the heart due to PGDM remains unclear. To understand the molecular defects in the 2-days old neonatal rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats were bred with healthy male rats. We collected 2-day-old hearts from the neonates and identified the molecular basis for phenotypic changes. Neonates from diabetic mothers showed altered electrocardiography and echocardiography parameters. Transcriptomic profiling of the RNA-seq data revealed that several altered genes were associated with heart development, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac conduction, and cell proliferation. Histopathology data showed the presence of focal cardiac fibrosis and increased cell proliferation in neonates from diabetic mothers. Thus, our results provide a comprehensive map of the cellular events and molecular pathways perturbed in the neonatal heart during PGDM. All of the molecular and structural changes lead to developmental plasticity in neonatal rat hearts and develop cardiac anomalies in their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Uppulapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Soheb Anwar Mohammed
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sanjay K. Banerjee,
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4
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Hao L, Ma J, Wu F, Ma X, Qian M, Sheng W, Yan T, Tang N, Jiang X, Zhang B, Xiao D, Qian Y, Zhang J, Jiang N, Zhou W, Chen W, Ma D, Huang G. WDR62 variants contribute to congenital heart disease by inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e941. [PMID: 35808830 PMCID: PMC9270576 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and has high heritability. Although some susceptibility genes have been identified, the genetic basis underlying the majority of CHD cases is still undefined. Methods A total of 1320 unrelated CHD patients were enrolled in our study. Exome‐wide association analysis between 37 tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients and 208 Han Chinese controls from the 1000 Genomes Project was performed to identify the novel candidate gene WD repeat‐containing protein 62 (WDR62). WDR62 variants were searched in another expanded set of 200 TOF patients by Sanger sequencing. Rescue experiments in zebrafish were conducted to observe the effects of WDR62 variants. The roles of WDR62 in heart development were examined in mouse models with Wdr62 deficiency. WDR62 variants were investigated in an additional 1083 CHD patients with similar heart phenotypes to knockout mice by multiplex PCR‐targeting sequencing. The cellular phenotypes of WDR62 deficiency and variants were tested in cardiomyocytes, and the molecular mechanisms were preliminarily explored by RNA‐seq and co‐immunoprecipitation. Results Seven WDR62 coding variants were identified in the 237 TOF patients and all were indicated to be loss of function variants. A total of 25 coding and 22 non‐coding WDR62 variants were identified in 80 (6%) of the 1320 CHD cases sequenced, with a higher proportion of WDR62 variation (8%) found in the ventricular septal defect (VSD) cohort. WDR62 deficiency resulted in a series of heart defects affecting the outflow tract and right ventricle in mouse models, including VSD as the major abnormality. Cell cycle arrest and an increased number of cells with multipolar spindles that inhibited proliferation were observed in cardiomyocytes with variants or knockdown of WDR62. WDR62 deficiency weakened the association between WDR62 and the cell cycle‐regulated kinase AURKA on spindle poles, reduced the phosphorylation of AURKA, and decreased expression of target genes related to cell cycle and spindle assembly shared by WDR62 and AURKA. Conclusions WDR62 was identified as a novel susceptibility gene for CHD with high variant frequency. WDR62 was shown to participate in the cardiac development by affecting spindle assembly and cell cycle pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- ENT institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tizhen Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Medical Laboratory of Nantong ZhongKe, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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5
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Linglart L, Bonnet D. Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060185. [PMID: 35735814 PMCID: PMC9225036 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a frequent occurrence, with a prevalence rate of almost 1% in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of the anomalous heart development is still unclear in most patients screened. A definitive genetic origin, be it single-point mutation or larger chromosomal disruptions, only explains about 35% of identified cases. The precisely choreographed embryology of the heart relies on timed activation of developmental molecular cascades, spatially and temporally regulated through epigenetic regulation: chromatin conformation, DNA priming through methylation patterns, and spatial accessibility to transcription factors. This multi-level regulatory network is eminently susceptible to outside disruption, resulting in faulty cardiac development. Similarly, the heart is unique in its dynamic development: growth is intrinsically related to mechanical stimulation, and disruption of the intrauterine environment will have a direct impact on fetal embryology. These two converging axes offer new areas of research to characterize the cardiac epigenetic regulation and identify points of fragility in order to counteract its teratogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Linglart
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
- School of Medicine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ferrero P, Piazza I, Giamberti A, Chessa M. Oncogenesis in patients with congenital heart disease: A possible role of the neural crest. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 15:273-275. [PMID: 36589641 PMCID: PMC9802619 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_213_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) seem to have a higher risk for specific malignancies. We hypothesize a pathogenetic link between particular congenital heart defects and cancer originating from specific cellular lineages. We report a series of patients, followed in two high-volume referral centers, with CHD involving neural crest-derived structures who developed cancer later in life. Fourteen patients (five female) developed neoplasia with a cellular origin embryologically linked to the neural crest between 2010 and 2020. If confirmed on larger datasets, this observation might support the hypothesis of common embryogenetic pathway suggesting tailored surveillance of a specific subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ferrero
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS – Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Piazza
- EAS, Emergency department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Milan, Italy
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS - Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Chessa
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS – Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Milan, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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7
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Introduction to Special Issue “Leaders in Cardiovascular Research, Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot”. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040092. [PMID: 35448068 PMCID: PMC9024756 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This Introduction provides both a short reflection on the scientific career of Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot and an overview of the papers that form the basis of this Special Issue giving them a proper perspective. The papers have as a central focus the outflow tract, and include contributions on development and pathology of the ventricles including AV valves, as well as developmental and pathomorphological aspects of the great arteries including semilunar valves and coronary arteries.
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8
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Predisposition to atrioventricular septal defects may be caused by SOX7 variants that impair interaction with GATA4. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:671-687. [PMID: 35260939 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are a complicated subtype of congenital heart defects for which the genetic basis is poorly understood. Many studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor SOX7 plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular development. However, whether SOX7 single nucleotide variants are involved in AVSD pathogenesis is unclear. To explore the potential pathogenic role of SOX7 variants, we recruited a total of 100 sporadic non-syndromic AVSD Chinese Han patients and screened SOX7 variants in the patient cohort by targeted sequencing. Functional assays were performed to evaluate pathogenicity of nonsynonymous variants of SOX7. We identified three rare SOX7 variants, c.40C > G, c.542G > A, and c.743C > T, in the patient cohort, all of which were found to be highly conserved in mammals. Compared to the wild type, these SOX7 variants had increased mRNA expression and decreased protein expression. In developing hearts, SOX7 and GATA4 were highly expressed in the region of atrioventricular cushions. Moreover, SOX7 overexpression promoted the expression of GATA4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SOX7 could directly bind to the GATA4 promoter and luciferase assays demonstrated that SOX7 activated the GATA4 promoter. The SOX7 variants had impaired transcriptional activity relative to wild-type SOX7. Furthermore, the SOX7 variants altered the ability of GATA4 to regulate its target genes. In conclusion, our findings showed that deleterious SOX7 variants potentially contribute to human AVSD by impairing its interaction with GATA4. This study provides novel insights into the etiology of AVSD and contributes new strategies to the prenatal diagnosis of AVSD.
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9
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Zheng SQ, Chen HX, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Identification of variants of ISL1 gene promoter and cellular functions in isolated ventricular septal defects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C443-C452. [PMID: 34260301 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital heart defects (CHDs). Studies have documented that ISL1 has a crucial impact on cardiac growth, but the role of variants in the ISL1 gene promoter in patients with VSD has not been explored. In 400 subjects (200 patients with isolated and sporadic VSDs: 200 healthy controls), we investigated the ISL1 gene promoter variant and performed cellular functional experiments by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay to verify the impact on gene expression. In the ISL1 promoter, five variants were found only in patients with VSD by sequencing. Cellular functional experiments demonstrated that three variants decreased the transcriptional activity of the ISL1 promoter (P < 0.05). Further analysis with the online JASPAR database demonstrated that a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors may be altered by these variants, possibly resulting in change of ISL1 protein expression and VSD formation. Our study has, for the first time, identified novel variants in the ISL1 gene promoter region in the Han Chinese patients with isolated and sporadic VSD. In addition, the cellular functional experiments, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and bioinformatic analysis have demonstrated that these variants significantly alter the expression of the ISL1 gene and affect the binding of transcription factors, likely resulting in VSD. Therefore, this study may provide new insights into the role of the gene promoter region for a better understanding of genetic basis of the formation of CHDs and may promote further investigations on mechanism of the formation of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qiang Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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10
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Nakano H, Fajardo VM, Nakano A. The role of glucose in physiological and pathological heart formation. Dev Biol 2021; 475:222-233. [PMID: 33577830 PMCID: PMC8107118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells display distinct metabolic characteristics depending on its differentiation stage. The fuel type of the cells serves not only as a source of energy but also as a driver of differentiation. Glucose, the primary nutrient to the cells, is a critical regulator of rapidly growing embryos. This metabolic change is a consequence as well as a cause of changes in genetic program. Disturbance of fetal glucose metabolism such as in diabetic pregnancy is associated with congenital heart disease. In utero hyperglycemia impacts the left-right axis establishment, migration of cardiac neural crest cells, conotruncal formation and mesenchymal formation of the cardiac cushion during early embryogenesis and causes cardiac hypertrophy in late fetal stages. In this review, we focus on the role of glucose in cardiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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11
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Peterson JC, Kelder TP, Goumans MJTH, Jongbloed MRM, DeRuiter MC. The Role of Cell Tracing and Fate Mapping Experiments in Cardiac Outflow Tract Development, New Opportunities through Emerging Technologies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:47. [PMID: 33925811 PMCID: PMC8146276 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of congenital heart disease (CHDs) has advanced greatly in recent years, the underlying developmental processes affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) such as bicuspid aortic valve, tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries remain poorly understood. Common among CHDs affecting the OFT, is a large variation in disease phenotypes. Even though the different cell lineages contributing to OFT development have been studied for many decades, it remains challenging to relate cell lineage dynamics to the morphologic variation observed in OFT pathologies. We postulate that the variation observed in cellular contribution in these congenital heart diseases might be related to underlying cell lineage dynamics of which little is known. We believe this gap in knowledge is mainly the result of technical limitations in experimental methods used for cell lineage analysis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of historical fate mapping and cell tracing techniques used to study OFT development and introduce emerging technologies which provide new opportunities that will aid our understanding of the cellular dynamics underlying OFT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Peterson
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Tim P. Kelder
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Marie José T. H. Goumans
- Department Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Monique R. M. Jongbloed
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C. DeRuiter
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
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12
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Hong N, Zhang E, Xie H, Jin L, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Chen AF, Yu Y, Zhou B, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. The transcription factor Sox7 modulates endocardiac cushion formation contributed to atrioventricular septal defect through Wnt4/Bmp2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:393. [PMID: 33846290 PMCID: PMC8041771 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac septum malformations account for the largest proportion in congenital heart defects. The transcription factor Sox7 has critical functions in the vascular development and angiogenesis. It is unclear whether Sox7 also contributes to cardiac septation development. We identified a de novo 8p23.1 deletion with Sox7 haploinsufficiency in an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) patient using whole exome sequencing in 100 AVSD patients. Then, multiple Sox7 conditional loss-of-function mice models were generated to explore the role of Sox7 in atrioventricular cushion development. Sox7 deficiency mice embryos exhibited partial AVSD and impaired endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Transcriptome analysis revealed BMP signaling pathway was significantly downregulated in Sox7 deficiency atrioventricular cushions. Mechanistically, Sox7 deficiency reduced the expressions of Bmp2 in atrioventricular canal myocardium and Wnt4 in endocardium, and Sox7 binds to Wnt4 and Bmp2 directly. Furthermore, WNT4 or BMP2 protein could partially rescue the impaired EndMT process caused by Sox7 deficiency, and inhibition of BMP2 by Noggin could attenuate the effect of WNT4 protein. In summary, our findings identify Sox7 as a novel AVSD pathogenic candidate gene, and it can regulate the EndMT involved in atrioventricular cushion morphogenesis through Wnt4-Bmp2 signaling. This study contributes new strategies to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanchao Hong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Erge Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Alex F. Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
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13
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Alyousif SMM, Aldokhel FT, Alkhanbashi OK, Alqahtani MHA, Aladawi AMM, Ashmawi AA, Al-Qunaibet A, Masuadi E. The Incidence of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring Among Women With Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e14225. [PMID: 33948414 PMCID: PMC8086745 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of congenital anomalies is increased in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). The most frequent cardiac anomalies in IDMs include ventricular septal defect, transposition of great arteries, and aortic stenosis. OBJECTIVE Estimating the incidence of infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) whose mothers have diabetes in Saudi Arabia at a tertiary hospital in the National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort. The population was all births of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mothers and non-diabetic mothers (also mothers with gestational diabetes) in NGHA by following the exclusion criteria, which were mothers over 40 and below 20 years of age, and other risk factors such as drug-induced congenital disease. The data was from deliveries from January 1st 2018 to January 1st 2019. Data were collected by chart review using the Best-Care system at NGHA hospital. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 1838 diabetic mothers and non-exposure, non-diabetic mothers, with the outcome of whether the infant had CHD, were included in this study. Most of the mothers (544, 30.11%) were aged 30-34 years old. About two-thirds of mothers, 1161 (63.24%), weren't diabetic, 500 (27.23%) had gestational diabetes, 132 (7.19%) were type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and 43 (2.34%) were type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Two hundred eighteen (11.82%) offspring had CHD, and the remaining 1625 (88.17%) did not. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (31.75%), patent foramen ovale (PFO) (31.75%), and atrial septal defect (ASD) (23.64%). CONCLUSION The incidence of CHD among infants of included mothers in this cohort study was 11.82%. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities in the infants of diabetics were PDA and PFO. The incidence of CHD was higher among mothers who had T1DM followed by T2DM, and whose ages were between 30-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M M Alyousif
- Cardiology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fisal T Aldokhel
- Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Omar Khalid Alkhanbashi
- Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Majed Hayf A Alqahtani
- Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Ada Al-Qunaibet
- Epidemiology, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Biostatistics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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14
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Zheng SQ, Chen HX, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Genetic analysis of the CITED2 gene promoter in isolated and sporadic congenital ventricular septal defects. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2254-2261. [PMID: 33439552 PMCID: PMC7882930 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect. Previous studies have reported genetic variations in the encoding region of CITED2 highly associated with cardiac malformation but the role of CITED2 gene promoter variations in VSD patients has not yet been explored. We investigated the variation of CITED2 gene promoter and its impacts on gene promoter activity in the DNA of paediatric VSD patients. A total of seven variations were identified by Sanger sequencing in the CITED2 gene promoter region in 400 subjects, including 200 isolated and sporadic VSD patients and 200 healthy controls. Using dual‐luciferase reporter assay, we found four of the 7 variations identified significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the CITED2 gene promoter in HEK‐293 cells (P < .05). Further, a bioinformatic analysis with the JASPAR databases was performed and a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors was created or disrupted by these variations, leading to low expression of CITED2 protein and development of VSD. Our study for the first time demonstrates genetic variations in the CITED2 gene promoter in the Han Chinese population and the role of these variations in the development of VSD, providing new insights into the aetiology of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qiang Zheng
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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15
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Transforming Growth Factor Beta3 is Required for Cardiovascular Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7020019. [PMID: 32456345 PMCID: PMC7344558 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta3 (TGFB3) gene mutations in patients of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD1) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome-5 (LDS5)/Rienhoff syndrome are associated with cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, cleft palate, aortic aneurysms, and valvular heart disease. Although the developing heart of embryos express Tgfb3, its overarching role remains unclear in cardiovascular development and disease. We used histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses of Tgfb3-/- fetuses and compared them to wildtype littermate controls. The cardiovascular phenotypes were diverse with approximately two thirds of the Tgfb3-/- fetuses having one or more cardiovascular malformations, including abnormal ventricular myocardium (particularly of the right ventricle), outflow tract septal and alignment defects, abnormal aortic and pulmonary trunk walls, and thickening of semilunar and/or atrioventricular valves. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) including the perimembranous VSDs were observed in Tgfb3-/- fetuses with myocardial defects often accompanied by the muscular type VSD. In vitro studies using TGFβ3-deficient fibroblasts in 3-D collagen lattice formation assays indicated that TGFβ3 was required for collagen matrix reorganization. Biochemical studies indicated the 'paradoxically' increased activation of canonical (SMAD-dependent) and noncanonical (MAP kinase-dependent) pathways. TGFβ3 is required for cardiovascular development to maintain a balance of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ signaling pathways.
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16
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Pugnaloni F, Digilio MC, Putotto C, De Luca E, Marino B, Versacci P. Genetics of atrioventricular canal defects. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:61. [PMID: 32404184 PMCID: PMC7222302 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) represents a quite common congenital heart defect (CHD) accounting for 7.4% of all cardiac malformations. AVCD is a very heterogeneous malformation that can occur as a phenotypical cardiac aspect in the context of different genetic syndromes but also as an isolated, non-syndromic cardiac defect. AVCD has also been described in several pedigrees suggesting a pattern of familiar recurrence. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques are proved to be a powerful tool to establish the molecular heterogeneity of AVCD. Given the complexity of cardiac embryology, it is not surprising that multiple genes deeply implicated in cardiogenesis have been described mutated in patients with AVCD. This review attempts to examine the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of this complex CHD in the setting of genetic syndromes or in non-syndromic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Pugnaloni
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica De Luca
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Effects of PPAR-γ in the Myocardium on the Development of Ventricular Septation. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:313-319. [PMID: 32337691 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular septum defects (VSDs) are common types of congenital heart diseases caused by developmental defect; they contribute to 25%-30% of all adult congenital heart diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is widely expressed in mammalian tissues and in the immune system, regulating cell differentiation and immune and inflammatory responses. The PPAR-γ gene has recently been found crucial for heart development, but the mechanism of action is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of the PPAR-γ gene in the myocardium on the development of ventricular septation. In this study, we applied Cre-loxP recombination enzyme (CRE) technology to downregulate the expression of the PPAR-γ gene in different cardiac tissues, RT-PCR to examine the expression of the c-fos and TGF-β1 genes, and histology staining to check the defect of embryonic heart at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). We found that the downregulation of the PPAR-γ gene resulted in a ventricular membranous septation defect of the embryonic heart at E14.5. Furthermore, only conversion of a Tnt:Cre, but not Mef2c:Cre, Tie2:Cre, or Wnt:Cre PPAR-γ floxed allele to a null allele resulted in VSD. PPAR-γTnt-Cre/+ embryos showed increases in atrioventricular (AV)-cushion cells and the expression of c-fos gene but no change in the expression of TGF-β1 at E10.5. Our study demonstrates PPAR-γ in the myocardium is required for ventricular septation through regulation of AV-cushion cell proliferation by a Tnt/c-fos signal.
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18
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Tan CMJ, Lewandowski AJ. The Transitional Heart: From Early Embryonic and Fetal Development to Neonatal Life. Fetal Diagn Ther 2019; 47:373-386. [PMID: 31533099 DOI: 10.1159/000501906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the human heart involves complex biological signals, interactions, specification of myocardial progenitor cells, and heart tube looping. To facilitate survival in the hypoxemic intrauterine environment, the fetus possesses structural, physiological, and functional cardiovascular adaptations that are fundamentally different from the neonate. At birth, upon separation from the placental circulation, the neonatal cardiovascular system takes over responsibility of vital processes for survival. The transition from the fetal to neonatal circulation is considered to be a period of intricate physiological, anatomical, and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system. With a successful cardiopulmonary transition to the extrauterine environment, the fetal shunts are functionally modified or eliminated, enabling independent life. Investigations using medical imaging tools such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have helped to define normal and abnormal patterns of cardiac remodeling both in utero and ex utero. This has not only allowed for a better understanding of how congenital cardiac malformations alter the hemodynamic transition to the extrauterine environment but also how other more common complications during pregnancy including intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery adversely affect offspring cardiac remodeling during this early transitional period. This review article describes key cardiac progenitors involved in embryonic heart development; the cellular, physiological, and anatomical changes during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation; as well as the unique impact that different pregnancy complications have on cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Mei Jun Tan
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam James Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,
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19
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Epigenetics and Mechanobiology in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030052. [PMID: 31480510 PMCID: PMC6787645 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and the number one killer of live-born infants in the United States. Heart development occurs early in embryogenesis and involves complex interactions between multiple cell populations, limiting the understanding and consequent treatment of CHD. Furthermore, genome sequencing has largely failed to predict or yield therapeutics for CHD. In addition to the underlying genome, epigenetics and mechanobiology both drive heart development. A growing body of evidence implicates the aberrant regulation of these two extra-genomic systems in the pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we describe the stages of human heart development and the heart defects known to manifest at each stage. Next, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of epigenetics and mechanobiology in normal development and in the pathogenesis of CHD. Finally, we highlight recent advances in the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers and environmental risk factors that may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD etiology.
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20
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Zhang H, Liu L, Tian J. Molecular mechanisms of congenital heart disease in down syndrome. Genes Dis 2019; 6:372-377. [PMID: 31832516 PMCID: PMC6889238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), as a typical genomic aneuploidy, is a common cause of various birth defects, among which is congenital heart disease (CHD). 40-60% neonates with DS have some kinds of CHD. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of DS associated CHD are still not fully understood. This review summarizes available studies on DS associated CHD from seven aspects so as to provide a crucial and updated overview of what we known so far in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
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21
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Development and evolution of the metazoan heart. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:634-656. [PMID: 31063648 PMCID: PMC6767493 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the precursor of cardiomyocytes. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is likely a combination of several cellular organisms containing their specific metabolic pathways and genetic signaling networks. During evolution, these tool kits diversified. Shared parts of these conserved tool kits act in the development and functioning of pumping hearts and open or closed circulations in such diverse species as arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. The genetic tool kits became more complex by gene duplications, addition of epigenetic modifications, influence of environmental factors, incorporation of viral genomes, cardiac changes necessitated by air‐breathing, and many others. We evaluate mechanisms involved in mollusks in the formation of three separate hearts and in arthropods in the formation of a tubular heart. A tubular heart is also present in embryonic stages of chordates, providing the septated four‐chambered heart, in birds and mammals passing through stages with first and second heart fields. The four‐chambered heart permits the formation of high‐pressure systemic and low‐pressure pulmonary circulation in birds and mammals, allowing for high metabolic rates and maintenance of body temperature. Crocodiles also have a (nearly) separated circulation, but their resting temperature conforms with the environment. We argue that endothermic ancestors lost the capacity to elevate their body temperature during evolution, resulting in ectothermic modern crocodilians. Finally, a clinically relevant paragraph reviews the occurrence of congenital cardiac malformations in humans as derailments of signaling pathways during embryonic development. The cardiac regulatory toolkit contains many factors including epigenetic, genetic, viral, hemodynamic, and environmental factors, but also transcriptional activators, repressors, duplicated genes, redundancies and dose‐dependancies. Numerous toolkits regulate mechanisms including cell‐cell interactions, EMT, mitosis patterns, cell migration and differentiation and left/right sidedness involved in the development of endocardial cushions, looping, septum complexes, pharyngeal arch arteries, chamber and valve formation and conduction system. Evolutionary development of the yolk sac circulation likely preceded the advent of endothermy in amniotes. Parallel evolutionary traits regulate the development of contractile pumps in various taxa often in conjunction with the gut, lungs and excretory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Dueñas A, Expósito A, Aranega A, Franco D. The Role of Non-Coding RNA in Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E15. [PMID: 30939839 PMCID: PMC6616598 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is a complex developmental process starting with the formation of an early straight heart tube, followed by a rightward looping and the configuration of atrial and ventricular chambers. The subsequent step allows the separation of these cardiac chambers leading to the formation of a four-chambered organ. Impairment in any of these developmental processes invariably leads to cardiac defects. Importantly, our understanding of the developmental defects causing cardiac congenital heart diseases has largely increased over the last decades. The advent of the molecular era allowed to bridge morphogenetic with genetic defects and therefore our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of cardiac morphogenesis has enormously increased. Moreover, the impact of environmental agents to genetic cascades has been demonstrated as well as of novel genomic mechanisms modulating gene regulation such as post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Among post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, non-coding RNAs, including therein microRNAs and lncRNAs, are emerging to play pivotal roles. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the functional role of non-coding RNAs in distinct congenital heart diseases, with particular emphasis on microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Dueñas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Almudena Expósito
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
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23
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Rajderkar S, Mann JM, Panaretos C, Yumoto K, Li HD, Mishina Y, Ralston B, Kaartinen V. Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm. Dev Biol 2019; 450:101-114. [PMID: 30940539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans. Here we show that Trim33, a member of the Tif1 subfamily of tripartite domain containing transcriptional cofactors, is required for appropriate differentiation of the pre-cardiogenic mesoderm during a narrow time window in late gastrulation. While mesoderm-specific Trim33 mutants did not display noticeable phenotypes, epiblast-specific Trim33 mutant embryos developed ventricular septal defects, showed sparse trabeculation and abnormally thin compact myocardium, and died as a result of cardiac failure during late gestation. Differentiating embryoid bodies deficient in Trim33 showed an enrichment of gene sets associated with cardiac differentiation and contractility, while the total number of cardiac precursor cells was reduced. Concordantly, cardiac progenitor cell proliferation was reduced in Trim33-deficient embryos. ChIP-Seq performed using antibodies against Trim33 in differentiating embryoid bodies revealed more than 4000 peaks, which were significantly enriched close to genes implicated in stem cell maintenance and mesoderm development. Nearly half of the Trim33 peaks overlapped with binding sites of the Ctcf insulator protein. Our results suggest that Trim33 is required for appropriate differentiation of precardiogenic mesoderm during late gastrulation and that it will likely mediate some of its functions via multi-protein complexes, many of which include the chromatin architectural and insulator protein Ctcf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Mann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Panaretos
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Ralston
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Hemodynamics in Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5040054. [PMID: 30404214 PMCID: PMC6306789 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The beating heart is subject to intrinsic mechanical factors, exerted by contraction of the myocardium (stretch and strain) and fluid forces of the enclosed blood (wall shear stress). The earliest contractions of the heart occur already in the 10-somite stage in the tubular as yet unsegmented heart. With development, the looping heart becomes asymmetric providing varying diameters and curvatures resulting in unequal flow profiles. These flow profiles exert various wall shear stresses and as a consequence different expression patterns of shear responsive genes. In this paper we investigate the morphological alterations of the heart after changing the blood flow by ligation of the right vitelline vein in a model chicken embryo and analyze the extended expression in the endocardial cushions of the shear responsive gene Tgfbeta receptor III. A major phenomenon is the diminished endocardial-mesenchymal transition resulting in hypoplastic (even absence of) atrioventricular and outflow tract endocardial cushions, which might be lethal in early phases. The surviving embryos exhibit several cardiac malformations including ventricular septal defects and malformed semilunar valves related to abnormal development of the aortopulmonary septal complex and the enclosed neural crest cells. We discuss the results in the light of the interactions between several shear stress responsive signaling pathways including an extended review of the involved Vegf, Notch, Pdgf, Klf2, eNos, Endothelin and Tgfβ/Bmp/Smad networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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25
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Radhakrishna U, Vishweswaraiah S, Veerappa AM, Zafra R, Albayrak S, Sitharam PH, Saiyed NM, Mishra NK, Guda C, Bahado-Singh R. Newborn blood DNA epigenetic variations and signaling pathway genes associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203893. [PMID: 30212560 PMCID: PMC6136787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common Critical Congenital Heart Defect (CCHD). The etiology of TOF is unknown in most cases. Preliminary data from our group and others suggest that epigenetic changes may play an important role in CHD. Epidemiologically, a significant percentage of CHD including TOF fail to be diagnosed in the prenatal and early newborn period which can negatively affect health outcomes. We performed genome-wide methylation assay in newborn blood in 24 non-syndromic TOF cases and 24 unaffected matched controls using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We identified 64 significantly differentially methylated CpG sites in TOF cases, of which 25 CpG sites had high predictive accuracy for TOF, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC ROC) ≥ 0.90). The CpG methylation difference between TOF and controls was ≥10% in 51 CpG targets suggesting biological significance. Gene ontology analysis identified significant biological processes and functions related to these differentially methylated genes, including: CHD development, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, immunological, inflammation and other plausible pathways in CHD development. Multiple genes known or plausibly linked to heart development and post-natal heart disease were found to be differentially methylated in the blood DNA of newborns with TOF including: ABCB1, PPP2R5C, TLR1, SELL, SCN3A, CREM, RUNX and LHX9. We generated novel and highly accurate putative molecular markers for TOF detection using leucocyte DNA and thus provided information on pathogenesis of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avinash M. Veerappa
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rita Zafra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Samet Albayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Prajna H. Sitharam
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nazia M. Saiyed
- Biotechnology, Nirma Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nitish K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ray Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
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26
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Digilio MC, Pugnaloni F, De Luca A, Calcagni G, Baban A, Dentici ML, Versacci P, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Marino B. Atrioventricular canal defect and genetic syndromes: The unifying role of sonic hedgehog. Clin Genet 2018; 95:268-276. [PMID: 29722020 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) is a congenital heart defect (CHD) frequently associated with extracardiac anomalies (75%). Previous observations from a personal series of patients with AVCD and "polydactyly syndromes" showed that the distinct morphology and combination of AVCD features in some of these syndromes is reminiscent of the cardiac phenotype found in heterotaxy, a malformation complex previously associated with functional cilia abnormalities and aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Hh signaling coordinates multiple aspects of left-right lateralization and cardiovascular growth. Being active at the venous pole the secondary heart field (SHF) is essential for normal development of dorsal mesenchymal protrusion and AVCD formation and septation. Experimental data show that perturbations of different components of the Hh pathway can lead to developmental errors presenting with partially overlapping manifestations and AVCD as a common denominator. We review the potential role of Hh signaling in the pathogenesis of AVCD in different genetic disorders. AVCD can be viewed as part of a "developmental field," according to the concept that malformations can be due to defects in signal transduction cascades or pathways, as morphogenetic units which may be altered by Mendelian mutations, aneuploidies, and environmental causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Digilio
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pugnaloni
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, Molecular Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Calcagni
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Baban
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Dentici
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Versacci
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - B Dallapiccola
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M Tartaglia
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Cardiology, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - B Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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27
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Versacci P, Pugnaloni F, Digilio MC, Putotto C, Unolt M, Calcagni G, Baban A, Marino B. Some Isolated Cardiac Malformations Can Be Related to Laterality Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020024. [PMID: 29724030 PMCID: PMC6023464 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings are characterized by a left–right asymmetric arrangement of their internal organs, and the heart is the first organ to break symmetry in the developing embryo. Aberrations in normal left–right axis determination during embryogenesis lead to a wide spectrum of abnormal internal laterality phenotypes, including situs inversus and heterotaxy. In more than 90% of instances, the latter condition is accompanied by complex and severe cardiovascular malformations. Atrioventricular canal defect and transposition of the great arteries—which are particularly frequent in the setting of heterotaxy—are commonly found in situs solitus with or without genetic syndromes. Here, we review current data on morphogenesis of the heart in human beings and animal models, familial recurrence, and upstream genetic pathways of left–right determination in order to highlight how some isolated congenital heart diseases, very common in heterotaxy, even in the setting of situs solitus, may actually be considered in the pathogenetic field of laterality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Versacci
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Pugnaloni
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Unolt
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulio Calcagni
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anwar Baban
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Wang J, Luo J, Chen Q, Wang X, He J, Zhang W, Yin Z, Zheng F, Pan H, Li T, Lou Q, Wang B. Identification of LBX2 as a novel causal gene of atrial septal defect. Int J Cardiol 2018; 265:188-194. [PMID: 29669692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common cardiac malformations worldwide. Several genes have been identified so far, which can merely explain small proportion of all the cases, therefore, it is anticipated that there are additional genes causing ASD. The aims of this study were to identify the causal gene of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII) in a Chinese family. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in three affected members and one control in the ASDII family. We screened mutations of LBX2 in 300 unrelated ASD patients and validated in 400 normal controls by Sanger sequencing. LBX2 knockout zebrafish was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to detect whether lbx2 deficiency influenced cardiac development. RESULTS A rare missense mutation in LBX2 (c.A403G: p.K135E) was identified as the pathogenic cause of ASD. Subsequent mutation screening revealed two missense variants in 3 of 300 sporadic patients. We observed expanded size of atrium and ventricle in LBX2 knockout zebrafish through hematoxylin-eosin staining, more incompact distribution of cardiac myocytes was also discovered in homozygote compared with in wildtype. Furthermore, we performed in situ hybridization of crip2 gene to trace the cardiac neural crest cells in the embryo stage and found that the migration of neural crest cells was obviously delayed in the homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS We identified LBX2 for the first time as a pathogenic gene of ASDII. LBX2 deficiency may cause abnormal development of heart through influencing the migration of neural crest cells and affect the process of cardiac septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Binbin Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China.
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29
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Yu Z, Tang PL, Wang J, Bao S, Shieh JT, Leung AW, Zhang Z, Gao F, Wong SY, Hui AL, Gao Y, Dung N, Zhang ZG, Fan Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wong DS, Sham PC, Azhar A, Kwok PY, Tam PP, Lian Q, Cheah KS, Wang B, Song YQ. Mutations in Hnrnpa1 cause congenital heart defects. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98555. [PMID: 29367466 PMCID: PMC5821217 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete penetrance of congenital heart defects (CHDs) was observed in a mouse model. We hypothesized that the contribution of a major genetic locus modulates the manifestation of the CHDs. After genome-wide linkage mapping, fine mapping, and high-throughput targeted sequencing, a recessive frameshift mutation of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (Hnrnpa1) gene was confirmed (Hnrnpa1ct). Hnrnpa1 was expressed in both the first heart field (FHF) and second heart field (SHF) at the cardiac crescent stage but was only maintained in SHF progenitors after heart tube formation. Hnrnpa1ct/ct homozygous mutants displayed complete CHD penetrance, including truncated and incomplete looped heart tube at E9.5, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) at E13.5, and VSD and double outlet right ventricle at P0. Impaired development of the dorsal mesocardium and sinoatrial node progenitors was also observed. Loss of Hnrnpa1 expression leads to dysregulation of cardiac transcription networks and multiple signaling pathways, including BMP, FGF, and Notch in the SHF. Finally, two rare heterozygous mutations of HNRNPA1 were detected in human CHDs. These findings suggest a role of Hnrnpa1 in embryonic heart development in mice and humans. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (Hnrnpa1) is essential for embryonic heart development in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Lf Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Bao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Wl Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology
| | - Sandra Yy Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy Lc Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Dung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yalun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dana Sm Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry.,Centre for Genome Sciences, and.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abid Azhar
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patrick Pl Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn Se Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Genome Sciences, and.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation and.,The University of Hong Kong-Southern University of Science and Technology Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Liu F, Liu X, Xu Z, Yuan P, Zhou Q, Jin J, Yan X, Xu Z, Cao Q, Yu J, Cheng Y, Wan R, Hong K. Molecular mechanisms of Ellis‑van Creveld gene variations in ventricular septal defect. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1527-1536. [PMID: 29257216 PMCID: PMC5780092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) gene is associated with various congenital heart diseases. However, studies on EVC gene variations in ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms are sparse. The present study detected 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 65 patients with VSD and 210 control patients from the Chinese Han population. Of the identified SNPs only the c.1727G>A SNP site was positively associated with the development of VSD (P<0.007). A known mutation, c.343C>G, was also identified, which causes a leucine to valine substitution at amino acid 115 of the EVC protein (p.L115V). The results of functional prediction indicated that c.343C>G may be a pathogenic mutation. In addition, in NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, the EVC c.343C>G mutation significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Further investigation demonstrated that in NIH3T3 cells, overexpression of EVC c.343C>G mutation reduced the binding between EVC and smoothened, which further downregulated the activity of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and the expression of downstream cyclin D1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 proteins with SAG. The c.1727G>A SNP of the EVC gene increased VSD susceptibility in patients from the Chinese Han population. The molecular mechanism underlying the development of VSD induced by the EVC c.343C>G mutation may be due to a reduction in the anti-apoptotic and proliferative abilities of cardiomyocytes via downregulation of Hh pathway activity. The results of the present study may provide novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Jin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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31
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Yi X, Jiang X, Li X, Jiang DS. Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:953-964. [PMID: 28902362 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTM) as one of the key epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that plays critical role in various biological processes, including regulating chromatin structure dynamics and gene expression. Histone lysine methyltransferase contributes to the establishment and maintenance of differential histone methylation status, which can recognize histone methylated sites and build an association between these modifications and their downstream processes. Recently, it was found that abnormalities in the histone lysine methylation level or pattern may lead to the occurrence of many types of cardiovascular diseases, such as congenital heart disease (CHD). In order to provide new theoretical basis and targets for the treatment of CHD from the view of developmental biology and genetics, this review discusses and elaborates on the association between histone lysine methylation modifications and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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32
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Lu S, Liu S, Wietelmann A, Kojonazarov B, Atzberger A, Tang C, Schermuly RT, Gröne HJ, Offermanns S. Developmental vascular remodeling defects and postnatal kidney failure in mice lacking Gpr116 (Adgrf5) and Eltd1 (Adgrl4). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183166. [PMID: 28806758 PMCID: PMC5555693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR116 (ADGRF5) and ELTD1 (ADGRL4) belong to different subfamilies of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor group but are both expressed in endothelial cells. We therefore analyzed their functions in mice lacking these receptors. While loss of GPR116 or ELTD1 alone had no obvious effect on cardiovascular or kidney function, mice lacking both, GPR116 and ELTD1, showed malformations of the aortic arch arteries and the cardiac outflow tract leading to perinatal lethality in about 50% of the mutants. In addition to cardiovascular malformations, surviving mice developed renal thrombotic microangiopathy as well as hemolysis and splenomegaly, and their lifespan was significantly reduced. Loss of GPR116 and ELTD1 specifically in endothelial cells or neural crest-derived cells did not recapitulate any of the phenotypes observed in GPR116-ELTD1 double deficient mice, indicating that loss of GPR116 and ELTD1 expressed by other cells accounts for the observed cardiovascular and renal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (SL); (SO)
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Flow Cytometry Service Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (SL); (SO)
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Calcagni G, Unolt M, Digilio MC, Baban A, Versacci P, Tartaglia M, Baldini A, Marino B. Congenital heart disease and genetic syndromes: new insights into molecular mechanisms. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:861-870. [PMID: 28745539 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1360766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in genetics allowed a better definition of the role of specific genetic background in the etiology of syndromic congenital heart defects (CHDs). The identification of a number of disease genes responsible for different syndromes have led to the identification of several transcriptional regulators and signaling transducers and modulators that are critical for heart morphogenesis. Understanding the genetic background of syndromic CHDs allowed a better characterization of the genetic basis of non-syndromic CHDs. In this sense, the well-known association of typical CHDs in Down syndrome, 22q11.2 microdeletion and Noonan syndrome represent paradigms as chromosomal aneuploidy, chromosomal microdeletion and intragenic mutation, respectively. Area covered: For each syndrome the anatomical features, distinctive cardiac phenotype and molecular mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the authors include recent genetic findings that may shed light on some aspects of still unclear molecular mechanisms of these syndromes. Expert commentary: Further investigations are needed to enhance the translational approach in the field of genetics of CHDs. When there is a well-established definition of genotype-phenotype (reverse medicine) and genotype-prognosis (predictive and personalized medicine) correlations, hopefully preventive medicine will make its way in this field. Subsequently a reduction will be achieved in the morbidity and mortality of children with CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Calcagni
- a Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Marta Unolt
- b Department of Pediatrics , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- c Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- a Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- b Department of Pediatrics , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- c Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Baldini
- d CNR Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- b Department of Pediatrics , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Biermans MWM, Dolfing AI, Jagessar A, van Hattum S, Hoogenboom A, Wisse LJ, Vicente-Steijn R, de Bakker MAG, Vonk FJ, Hirasawa T, Kuratani S, Richardson MK. Outflow tract septation and the aortic arch system in reptiles: lessons for understanding the mammalian heart. EvoDevo 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28491275 PMCID: PMC5424407 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-017-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac outflow tract patterning and cell contribution are studied using an evo-devo approach to reveal insight into the development of aorto-pulmonary septation. RESULTS We studied embryonic stages of reptile hearts (lizard, turtle and crocodile) and compared these to avian and mammalian development. Immunohistochemistry allowed us to indicate where the essential cell components in the outflow tract and aortic sac were deployed, more specifically endocardial, neural crest and second heart field cells. The neural crest-derived aorto-pulmonary septum separates the pulmonary trunk from both aortae in reptiles, presenting with a left visceral and a right systemic aorta arising from the unseptated ventricle. Second heart field-derived cells function as flow dividers between both aortae and between the two pulmonary arteries. In birds, the left visceral aorta disappears early in development, while the right systemic aorta persists. This leads to a fusion of the aorto-pulmonary septum and the aortic flow divider (second heart field population) forming an avian aorto-pulmonary septal complex. In mammals, there is also a second heart field-derived aortic flow divider, albeit at a more distal site, while the aorto-pulmonary septum separates the aortic trunk from the pulmonary trunk. As in birds there is fusion with second heart field-derived cells albeit from the pulmonary flow divider as the right 6th pharyngeal arch artery disappears, resulting in a mammalian aorto-pulmonary septal complex. In crocodiles, birds and mammals, the main septal and parietal endocardial cushions receive neural crest cells that are functional in fusion and myocardialization of the outflow tract septum. Longer-lasting septation in crocodiles demonstrates a heterochrony in development. In other reptiles with no indication of incursion of neural crest cells, there is either no myocardialized outflow tract septum (lizard) or it is vestigial (turtle). Crocodiles are unique in bearing a central shunt, the foramen of Panizza, between the roots of both aortae. Finally, the soft-shell turtle investigated here exhibits a spongy histology of the developing carotid arteries supposedly related to regulation of blood flow during pharyngeal excretion in this species. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time that is shown that an interplay of second heart field-derived flow dividers with a neural crest-derived cell population is a variable but common, denominator across all species studied for vascular patterning and outflow tract septation. The observed differences in normal development of reptiles may have impact on the understanding of development of human congenital outflow tract malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel W M Biermans
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne I Dolfing
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Jagessar
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sam van Hattum
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Hoogenboom
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Vicente-Steijn
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn A G de Bakker
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuya Hirasawa
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wijnands KPJ, Chen J, Liang L, Verbiest MMPJ, Lin X, Helbing WA, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, van der Spek PJ, Uitterlinden AG, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Genome-wide methylation analysis identifies novel CpG loci for perimembranous ventricular septal defects in human. Epigenomics 2017; 9:241-251. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth defects worldwide and leading cause of infant mortality. The perimembranous ventricular septal defect is most prevalent. Epigenetics may provide an underlying mechanism of the gene–environment interactions involved. Materials & methods: We examined epigenome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in 84 case children and 196 control children. Results: We identified differential methylation of a CpG locus (cg17001566) within the PRDM16 gene after Bonferroni correction (p = 9.17 × 10-8). This was validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing. PRDM16 functions as a repressor of TGF-β signaling controlling tissue morphogenesis crucial during cardiogenesis. At 15% false-discovery rate, we identified seven additional CpG loci. Conclusion: These findings provide novel insights in the pathogenesis of perimembranous ventricular septal defect, which is of interest for future prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim PJ Wijnands
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics & Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael MPJ Verbiest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Willem A Helbing
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Li B, Xu Y, Sun K. Mutation Screening of Gata4 Gene in CTD Patients Within Chinese Han Population. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:506-512. [PMID: 28161810 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defect is a complex form of congenital heart disease and usually has a poor prognosis. Although previous studies have identified several missense variants in GATA4 gene that may cause CTD, it remains unclear whether they are involved in CTD pathogenesis because the study population was limited. The aim of the study was to investigate the mutations of GATA4 gene in isolated CTD Chinese Han patients and identify the pathomechanism of the missense mutations. In this report, the coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of the GATA4 gene were sequenced in 600 CTD patients and 300 controls. Functional significance of the novel GATA4 gene mutation (p.A167D) was analyzed using PolyPhen 2 and SIFT. And, the functional characteristics of the mutant GATA4 gene were assayed in contrast to its wild-type counterpart using a luciferase reporter assay system as well as Western blot. Eight heterozygous nonsynonymous variants (V380M, G64E, A167D, V267M, S377G, P163S, P407Q, A66T) were found in 22 patients, of which one (A167D) was reported here for the first time and five (G64E, A167D, S377G, P163S, A66T) were only found in CTD patients when compared with 300 controls. The PolyPhen 2 and SIFT programs predicted that the A167D substitution was expected to influence protein function. Subsequent functional analyses revealed that the transcriptional activity and Western blot of A167D mutant GATA4 protein were not altered. These variants may be involved in other mechanisms underlying CTD or may be unrelated to CTD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bojian Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Hoppenbrouwers T, Miquerol L, Kosaka Y, Poelmann RE, Wisse LJ, Yost HJ, Jongbloed MRM, Deruiter MC, Brunelli L. 14-3-3epsilon controls multiple developmental processes in the mouse heart. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1107-1123. [PMID: 27580238 PMCID: PMC5065397 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3ε plays an important role in the maturation of the compact ventricular myocardium by modulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle via p27kip1 . However, additional cardiac defects are possible given the ubiquitous expression pattern of this protein. RESULTS Germ line deletion of 14-3-3ε led to malalignment of both the outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular (AV) cushions, with resulting tricuspid stenosis and atresia, mitral valve abnormalities, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We confirmed myocardial non-compaction and detected a spongy septum with muscular VSDs and blebbing of the epicardium. These defects were associated with abnormal patterning of p27kip1 expression in the subendocardial and possibly the epicardial cell populations. In addition to abnormal pharyngeal arch artery patterning, we found deep endocardial recesses and paucity of intramyocardial coronary vasculature as a result of defective coronary plexus remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The malalignment of both endocardial cushions provides a new explanation for tricuspid and mitral valve defects, while myocardial non-compaction provides the basis for the abnormal coronary vasculature patterning. These abnormalities might arise from p27kip1 dysregulation and a resulting defect in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. These data suggest that 14-3-3ε, in addition to left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), might be linked to different forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Developmental Dynamics 245:1107-1123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Deruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Brunelli
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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38
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Santos R, Kawauchi S, Jacobs RE, Lopez-Burks ME, Choi H, Wikenheiser J, Hallgrimsson B, Jamniczky HA, Fraser SE, Lander AD, Calof AL. Conditional Creation and Rescue of Nipbl-Deficiency in Mice Reveals Multiple Determinants of Risk for Congenital Heart Defects. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000197. [PMID: 27606604 PMCID: PMC5016002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the causes of congenital heart defects is made difficult by the complex morphogenesis of the mammalian heart, which takes place early in development, involves contributions from multiple germ layers, and is controlled by many genes. Here, we use a conditional/invertible genetic strategy to identify the cell lineage(s) responsible for the development of heart defects in a Nipbl-deficient mouse model of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, in which global yet subtle transcriptional dysregulation leads to development of atrial septal defects (ASDs) at high frequency. Using an approach that allows for recombinase-mediated creation or rescue of Nipbl deficiency in different lineages, we uncover complex interactions between the cardiac mesoderm, endoderm, and the rest of the embryo, whereby the risk conferred by genetic abnormality in any one lineage is modified, in a surprisingly non-additive way, by the status of others. We argue that these results are best understood in the context of a model in which the risk of heart defects is associated with the adequacy of early progenitor cell populations relative to the sizes of the structures they must eventually form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaysela Santos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Russell E Jacobs
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Martha E Lopez-Burks
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hojae Choi
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jamie Wikenheiser
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather A Jamniczky
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur D Lander
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Anne L Calof
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Xu Y, Xu W, Lu T, Dai Y, Liang W. miR-126 affects the invasion and migration of glioma cells through GATA4. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1-7. [PMID: 27598297 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1226179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the relationship between miR-126 and glioma. miR-126 was highly expressed in low-grade clinical glioma tissue samples but lowly expressed in high-grade ones (P < .01). A human endogenous miR-126 expression vector was constructed. The migration capacity of cells transfected with the vector significantly decreased (P < .05). Up-regulation of miR-126 suppressed GATA4 protein expression. After transfection, they slightly contracted and became ovally or spherically shaped. F-actin significantly reduced, and microfilaments shortened or disappeared. The number of membrane-penetrating cells significantly decreased (P < .01). miR-126 inhibits the migration and invasion of glioma cells, which may be linked to GATA4 as a target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Wu Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Tianyu Lu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Weibang Liang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
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Waldron L, Steimle JD, Greco TM, Gomez NC, Dorr KM, Kweon J, Temple B, Yang XH, Wilczewski CM, Davis IJ, Cristea IM, Moskowitz IP, Conlon FL. The Cardiac TBX5 Interactome Reveals a Chromatin Remodeling Network Essential for Cardiac Septation. Dev Cell 2016; 36:262-75. [PMID: 26859351 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mutations in the cardiac transcription factor gene TBX5 cause congenital heart disease (CHD), although the underlying mechanism is unknown. We report characterization of the endogenous TBX5 cardiac interactome and demonstrate that TBX5, long considered a transcriptional activator, interacts biochemically and genetically with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) repressor complex. Incompatible gene programs are repressed by TBX5 in the developing heart. CHD mis-sense mutations that disrupt the TBX5-NuRD interaction cause depression of a subset of repressed genes. Furthermore, the TBX5-NuRD interaction is required for heart development. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the TBX5-NuRD interaction domain evolved during early diversification of vertebrates, simultaneous with the evolution of cardiac septation. Collectively, this work defines a TBX5-NuRD interaction essential to cardiac development and the evolution of the mammalian heart, and when altered may contribute to human CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Waldron
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kerry M Dorr
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brenda Temple
- R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xinan Holly Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Øyen N, Diaz LJ, Leirgul E, Boyd HA, Priest J, Mathiesen ER, Quertermous T, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M. Prepregnancy Diabetes and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 2016; 133:2243-53. [PMID: 27166384 PMCID: PMC4890838 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of offspring congenital heart defects (CHD); however, the causal mechanism is poorly understood. We further investigated this association in a Danish nationwide cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS In a national cohort study, we identified 2 025 727 persons born from 1978 to 2011; among them were 7296 (0.36%) persons exposed to maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus. Pregestational diabetes mellitus was identified by using the National Patient Register and individual-level information on all prescriptions filled in Danish pharmacies. Persons with CHD (n=16 325) were assigned to embryologically related cardiac phenotypes. The CHD prevalence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus was 318 per 10 000 live births (n=232) in comparison with a baseline risk of 80 per 10 000; the adjusted relative risk for CHD was 4.00 (95% confidence interval, 3.51-4.53). The association was not modified by year of birth, maternal age at diabetes onset, or diabetes duration, and CHD risks associated with type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes mellitus did not differ significantly. Persons born to women with previous acute diabetes complications had a higher CHD risk than those exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus without complications (relative risk, 7.62; 95% confidence interval, 5.23-10.6, and relative risk, 3.49; 95% confidence interval, 2.91-4.13, respectively; P=0.0004). All specific CHD phenotypes were associated with maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (relative risk range, 2.74-13.8). CONCLUSIONS The profoundly increased CHD risk conferred by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus neither changed over time nor differed by diabetes subtype. The association with acute pregestational diabetes complications was particularly strong, suggesting a role for glucose in the causal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Øyen
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.).
| | - Lars J Diaz
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Leirgul
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Heather A Boyd
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - James Priest
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Elisabeth R Mathiesen
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Jan Wohlfahrt
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
| | - Mads Melbye
- From Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.Ø., L.J.D., H.A.B., J.W., M.M.); Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway (N.Ø., E.L.); Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway(N.Ø.); Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.L.); Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.P., T.Q.); Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.M.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.M.)
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Cheng W, Zhou R, Feng Y, Wang Y. Mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke affect the cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells discriminately. Toxicology 2016; 357-358:1-10. [PMID: 27237783 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies suggest that maternal smoking and passive smoking have strongly resulted in the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Cigarette smoke (CS) can be divided into mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke (SS); CS chemistry study indicates that significant differences exist in the composition of MS and SS. Therefore, MS and SS were suspected to process toxicity dissimilarly. However, much less was known about the difference in the developmental effects induced by MS and SS. In the current study, heart development was mimicked by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. After MS and SS exposure, by tracing the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad4 signalling pathway, interruption of downstream gene expression was observed, including Gata4, Mef2c and Nkx2.5, as well as myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain. Specifically, SS caused inhibition of Gata4 expression, even at non-cytotoxic concentration. Further, SS-induced hypoacetylation in promoter regions of Gata4 reflected the orchestration of CS-gene modulation-epigenetic regulation. Even though SS induced apoptosis in ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, the partial clearance in cells with down-regulated Gata4 caused these cells to survive and undergo further differentiation, which laid potential risk for abnormal heart development. These data uncovered the difference between MS and SS on heart development preliminarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200336, PR China; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, PR China.
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A Comprehensive In Silico Analysis on the Structural and Functional Impact of SNPs in the Congenital Heart Defects Associated with NKX2-5 Gene-A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153999. [PMID: 27152669 PMCID: PMC4859487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) presented as structural defects in the heart and blood vessels during birth contribute an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many Single nucletotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different genes have been associated with various types of congenital heart defects. NKX 2–5 gene is one among them, which encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that plays a crucial role during the initial phases of heart formation and development. Mutations in this gene could cause different types of congenital heart defects, including Atrial septal defect (ASD), Atrial ventricular block (AVB), Tetralogy of fallot and ventricular septal defect. This highlights the importance of studying the impact of different SNPs found within this gene that might cause structural and functional modification of its encoded protein. In this study, we retrieved SNPs from the database (dbSNP), followed by identification of potentially deleterious Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and prediction of their effect on proteins by computational screening using SIFT and Polyphen. Furthermore, we have carried out molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) in order to uncover the SNPs that would cause the most structural damage to the protein altering its biological function. The most important SNP that was found using our approach was rs137852685 R161P, which was predicted to cause the most damage to the structural features of the protein. Mapping nsSNPs in genes such as NKX 2–5 would provide valuable information about individuals carrying these polymorphisms, where such variations could be used as diagnostic markers.
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Baardman ME, Zwier MV, Wisse LJ, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Hofstra RMW, Jurdzinski A, Hierck BP, Jongbloed MRM, Berger RMF, Plösch T, DeRuiter MC. Common arterial trunk and ventricular non-compaction in Lrp2 knockout mice indicate a crucial role of LRP2 in cardiac development. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:413-25. [PMID: 26822476 PMCID: PMC4852499 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-related receptor protein 2 (LRP2) is important for development of the embryonic neural crest and brain in both mice and humans. Although a role in cardiovascular development can be expected, the hearts of Lrp2 knockout (KO) mice have not yet been investigated. We studied the cardiovascular development of Lrp2 KO mice between embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and E15.5, applying morphometry and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against Tfap2α (neural crest cells), Nkx2.5 (second heart field), WT1 (epicardium derived cells), tropomyosin (myocardium) and LRP2. The Lrp2 KO mice display a range of severe cardiovascular abnormalities, including aortic arch anomalies, common arterial trunk (persistent truncus arteriosus) with coronary artery anomalies, ventricular septal defects, overriding of the tricuspid valve and marked thinning of the ventricular myocardium. Both the neural crest cells and second heart field, which are essential for the lengthening and growth of the right ventricular outflow tract, are abnormally positioned in the Lrp2 KO. This explains the absence of the aorto-pulmonary septum, which leads to common arterial trunk and ventricular septal defects. Severe blebbing of the epicardial cells covering the ventricles is seen. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition does occur; however, there are fewer WT1-positive epicardium-derived cells in the ventricular wall as compared to normal, coinciding with the myocardial thinning and deep intertrabecular spaces. LRP2 plays a crucial role in cardiovascular development in mice. This corroborates findings of cardiac anomalies in humans with LRP2 mutations. Future studies should reveal the underlying signaling mechanisms in which LRP2 is involved during cardiogenesis. Summary: This paper sheds a new light on the role of the second heart field and neural crest cells in outflow tract formation in the mouse embryo. Depletion of the LPR2 results in a disturbed contribution pattern and subsequent common arterial trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Baardman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs V Zwier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO-Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilhelmina S Kerstjens-Frederikse
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, PO-Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands Neural Development and Gastroenterology Units, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1 NEH, UK
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend P Hierck
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO-Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO-Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO-Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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Atrioventricular septal defect: From embryonic development to long-term follow-up. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:784-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vanyai HK, Thomas T, Voss AK. Mesodermal expression of Moz is necessary for cardiac septum development. Dev Biol 2015; 403:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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