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Casadó-Llombart S, Velasco-de Andrés M, Català C, Leyton-Pereira A, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, Suárez B, Armiger N, Carreras E, Esteller M, Ricart E, Ordás I, Gisbert JP, Chaparro M, Esteve M, Márquez L, Busquets D, Iglesias E, García-Planella E, Martín-Arranz MD, Lohmann J, Ayata CK, Niess JH, Engel P, Panés J, Salas A, Domènech E, Lozano F. Experimental and genetic evidence for the impact of CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966184. [PMID: 36211446 PMCID: PMC9532939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) resulting from the interaction of multiple environmental, genetic and immunological factors. CD5 and CD6 are paralogs encoding lymphocyte co-receptors involved in fine-tuning intracellular signals delivered upon antigen-specific recognition, microbial pattern recognition and cell adhesion. While CD5 and CD6 expression and variation is known to influence some immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, their role in IBD remains unclear. To this end, Cd5- and Cd6-deficient mice were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the most widely used experimental animal model of IBD. The two mouse lines showed opposite results regarding body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) changes following DSS-induced colitis, thus supporting Cd5 and Cd6 expression involvement in the pathophysiology of this experimental IBD model. Furthermore, DNA samples from IBD patients of the ENEIDA registry were used to test association of CD5 (rs2241002 and rs2229177) and CD6 (rs17824933, rs11230563, and rs12360861) single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical parameters of CD (n=1352) and UC (n=1013). Generalized linear regression analyses showed association of CD5 variation with CD ileal location (rs2241002CC) and requirement of biological therapies (rs2241002C-rs2229177T haplotype), and with poor UC prognosis (rs2241002T-rs2229177T haplotype). Regarding CD6, association was observed with CD ileal location (rs17824933G) and poor prognosis (rs12360861G), and with left-sided or extensive UC, and absence of ankylosing spondylitis in IBD (rs17824933G). The present experimental and genetic evidence support a role for CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in IBD’s clinical manifestations and therapeutic requirements, providing insight into its pathophysiology and broadening the relevance of both immunomodulatory receptors in immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Suárez
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Armiger
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Ordás
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar and Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Busquets
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Eva Iglesias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Martín-Arranz
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Lohmann
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Korcan Ayata
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Lozano,
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Maisano D, Iaccino E, D'Ambrosio A, Chiurazzi F, Dattilo V, Scalise M, Gentile M, Vecchio E, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, De Sensi E, Fiume G, Quinto I, Mimmi S. Predominant VH1-69 IgBCR Clones Show Higher Expression of CD5 in Heterogeneous Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Populations. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703254. [PMID: 34222027 PMCID: PMC8249760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin B cell receptor (IgBCR) expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, supporting neoplastic transformation, survival, and expansion of tumor clones. We demonstrated that in the same patient, two or more CLL clones could coexist, recognized by the expression of different variable regions of the heavy chain of IgBCR, composing the antigen-binding site. In this regard, phage display screening could be considered the easier and most advantageous methodology for the identification of small peptide molecules able to mimic the natural antigen of the tumor IgBCRs. These molecules, properly functionalized, could be used as a probe to specifically identify and isolate single CLL subpopulations, for a deeper analysis in terms of drug resistance, phenotype, and gene expression. Furthermore, CLL cells express another surface membrane receptor, the CD5, which is commonly expressed by normal T cells. Piece of evidence supports a possible contribution of CD5 to the selection and maintenance of autoreactivity in B cells and the constitutive expression of CD5 on CLL cells could induce pro-survival stimuli. In this brief research report, we describe a peptide-based single-cell sorting using as bait the IgBCR of tumor cells; in the next step, we performed a quantitative analysis of CD5 expression by qRT-PCR related to the expressed IgBCR. Our approach could open a new perspective for the identification, isolation, and investigation of all subsets of IgBCR-related CLL clones, with particular attention to the more aggressive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maisano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika De Sensi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Velasco-de Andrés M, Casadó-Llombart S, Català C, Leyton-Pereira A, Lozano F, Aranda F. Soluble CD5 and CD6: Lymphocytic Class I Scavenger Receptors as Immunotherapeutic Agents. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122589. [PMID: 33287301 PMCID: PMC7761703 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 and CD6 are closely related signal-transducing class I scavenger receptors mainly expressed on lymphocytes. Both receptors are involved in the modulation of the activation and differentiation cell processes triggered by clonotypic antigen-specific receptors present on T and B cells (TCR and BCR, respectively). To serve such a relevant immunomodulatory function, the extracellular region of CD5 and CD6 interacts with soluble and/or cell-bound endogenous counterreceptors but also microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Evidence from genetically-modified mouse models indicates that the absence or blockade of CD5- and CD6-mediated signals results in dysregulated immune responses, which may be deleterious or advantageous in some pathological conditions, such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity. Bench to bedside translation from transgenic data is constrained by ethical concerns which can be overcome by exogenous administration of soluble proteins acting as decoy receptors and leading to transient “functional knockdown”. This review gathers information currently available on the therapeutic efficacy of soluble CD5 and CD6 receptor infusion in different experimental models of disease. The existing proof-of-concept warrants the interest of soluble CD5 and CD6 as safe and efficient immunotherapeutic agents in diverse and relevant pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
- Servei d’Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoregulació de la Resposta Innata i Adaptativa, Department de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
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Yan W, Song Y, Zhou L, Jiang J, Yang F, Duan Q, Che L, Shen Y, Song H, Wang L. Immune Cell Repertoire and Their Mediators in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction or Stable Angina Pectoris. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:181-190. [PMID: 28260995 PMCID: PMC5332848 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the natural innate and adaptive immunity through gene expression and cytology levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina pectoris (SAP) and controls. Methods: 210 patients with AMI, 210 with SAP, and 250 clinical controls were recruited. Whole human genome microarray analysis was performed in 20 randomly chosen subjects per group were examined to detect the expressions of complement markers, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. The quantity of these cells and related cytokines as well as immunoglobulin levels were measured in all subjects. Results: In AMI group, the mRNA expressions of late complement component, markers of natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells and B cells were down-regulated, while those of early complement component and CD4+T cells were up-regulated (p<0.05). In both AMI and SAP patients, the quantity of natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, IgM and IgG were significantly lower than those of the controls. CD4+ T cells, CH50, C3, C4, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: In AMI patients, both of gene expressions related to complement, natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells, B cells and the quantity of these immune cells decreased while cell number reduced in SAP patients. Immune function in both AMI and SAP patients decreased especially in AMI patients with declined gene and protein levels. To improve the immune system is a potential target for medical interventions and prevention in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanli Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Experimental Diagnosis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qianglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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Yan W, Song H, Jiang J, Xu W, Gong Z, Duan Q, Li C, Xie Y, Wang L. Characteristics of B cell‑associated gene expression in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4113-21. [PMID: 27035867 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to identify differentially expressed B cell‑associated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and observe the changes in B cell activation at different stages of coronary artery disease. Groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable angina (SA), as well as healthy volunteers, were recruited into the study (n=20 per group). Whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to examine the expression of B cell‑associated genes among these three groups. The mRNA expression levels of 60 genes associated with B cell activity and regulation were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA expression of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR)‑associated genes, CD45, NFAM, SYK and LYN, were significantly upregulated in patients with AMI; however, FCRL3, CD79B, CD19, CD81, FYN, BLK, CD22 and CD5 mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated, compared with patients in the SA and control group. The mRNA levels of the T‑independent B cell‑associated genes, CD16, CD32, LILRA1 and TLR9, were significantly increased in AMI patients compared with SA and control patients. The mRNA expression of genes associated with T‑dependent B cells were also measured: EMR2 and CD97 were statistically upregulated, whereas SLAMF1, LY9, CD28, CD43, CD72, ICOSL, PD1, CD40 and CD20 mRNAs were significantly downregulated in AMI group patients compared with the two other groups. Additionally the gene expression levels of B cell regulatory genes were measured. In patients with AMI, CR1, LILRB2, LILRB3 and VAV1 mRNA expression levels were statistically increased, whereas, CS1 and IL4I1 mRNAs were significantly reduced compared with the SA and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in B cell‑associated gene expression levels between patients with SA and the control group. The present study identified the downregulation of genes associated with BCRs, B2 cells and B cell regulators in patients with AMI, indicating a weakened T cell‑B cell interaction and reduced B2 cell activation during AMI. Thus, improving B2 cell‑mediated humoral immunity may be a potential target for medical intervention in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Qianglin Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Chuangrong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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Chappell PE, Garner LI, Yan J, Metcalfe C, Hatherley D, Johnson S, Robinson CV, Lea SM, Brown MH. Structures of CD6 and Its Ligand CD166 Give Insight into Their Interaction. Structure 2015; 23:1426-1436. [PMID: 26146185 PMCID: PMC4533223 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD6 is a transmembrane protein with an extracellular region containing three scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) domains. The membrane proximal domain of CD6 binds the N-terminal immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domain of another cell surface receptor, CD166, which also engages in homophilic interactions. CD6 expression is mainly restricted to T cells, and the interaction between CD6 and CD166 regulates T-cell activation. We have solved the X-ray crystal structures of the three SRCR domains of CD6 and two N-terminal domains of CD166. This first structure of consecutive SRCR domains reveals a nonlinear organization. We characterized the binding sites on CD6 and CD166 and showed that a SNP in CD6 causes glycosylation that hinders the CD6/CD166 interaction. Native mass spectrometry analysis showed that there is competition between the heterophilic and homophilic interactions. These data give insight into how interactions of consecutive SRCR domains are perturbed by SNPs and potential therapeutic reagents. First structure of consecutive scavenger receptor cysteine rich domains in CD6 Structure of the two N-terminal domains of CD166 which is the ligand for CD6 Mapping binding sites on CD6 and CD166 Insight into how CD6 and its interactions are perturbed by polymorphisms and mAbs
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Chappell
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Lee I Garner
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Clive Metcalfe
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Deborah Hatherley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Steven Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marion H Brown
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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Martínez VG, Moestrup SK, Holmskov U, Mollenhauer J, Lozano F. The conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily in therapy and diagnosis. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:967-1000. [PMID: 21880988 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily of soluble or membrane-bound protein receptors is characterized by the presence of one or several repeats of an ancient and highly conserved protein module, the SRCR domain. This superfamily (SRCR-SF) has been in constant and progressive expansion, now up to more than 30 members. The study of these members is attracting growing interest, which parallels that in innate immunity. No unifying function has been described to date for the SRCR domains, this being the result of the limited knowledge still available on the physiology of most members of the SRCR-SF, but also of the sequence versatility of the SRCR domains. Indeed, involvement of SRCR-SF members in quite different functions, such as pathogen recognition, modulation of the immune response, epithelial homeostasis, stem cell biology, and tumor development, have all been described. This has brought to us new information, unveiling the possibility that targeting or supplementing SRCR-SF proteins could result in diagnostic and/or therapeutic benefit for a number of physiologic and pathologic states. Recent research has provided structural and functional insight into these proteins, facilitating the development of means to modulate the activity of SRCR-SF members. Indeed, some of these approaches are already in use, paving the way for a more comprehensive use of SRCR-SF members in the clinic. The present review will illustrate some available evidence on the potential of well known and new members of the SRCR-SF in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gabriela Martínez
- Center Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Bamberger M, Santos AM, Gonçalves CM, Oliveira MI, James JR, Moreira A, Lozano F, Davis SJ, Carmo AM. A new pathway of CD5 glycoprotein-mediated T cell inhibition dependent on inhibitory phosphorylation of Fyn kinase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30324-30336. [PMID: 21757751 PMCID: PMC3162391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering of the T cell receptor initiates a signaling cascade resulting in the activation of the T cell. These signals are integrated alongside those resulting from the triggering of other receptors whose function is to modulate the overall response. CD5 is an immunotyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing receptor that antagonizes the overt T cell receptor activation response by recruiting inhibitory intracellular mediators such as SHP-1, RasGAP, or Cbl. We now propose that the inhibitory effects of CD5 are also mediated by a parallel pathway that functions at the level of inhibition of Fyn, a kinase generally associated with T cell receptor-mediated activation. After CD5 ligation, phosphorylation of the negative regulatory tyrosine (Tyr(531)) of Fyn increases, and this correlates with a substantial reduction in the kinase activity of Fyn and a profound inhibition of ZAP-70 activation. The effect requires the last 23 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, strongly implying the involvement of a new CD5-interacting signaling or adaptor protein. Furthermore, we show that upon CD5 ligation there is a profound shift in its distribution from the bulk fluid phase to the lipid raft environment, where it associates with Fyn, Lck, and PAG. We suggest that the relocation of CD5, which we also show is capable of forming homodimers, to the proximity of raft-resident molecules enables CD5 to inhibit membrane proximal signaling by controlling the phosphorylation and activity of Fyn, possibly by interfering with the disassembly of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-PAG-Fyn complexes during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bamberger
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carine M Gonçalves
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta I Oliveira
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - John R James
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Moreira
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Franscisco Lozano
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Rationale for Targeting CD6 as a Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases. ARTHRITIS 2011; 2010:130646. [PMID: 22076177 PMCID: PMC3195340 DOI: 10.1155/2010/130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD6 is a 105–130 kDa surface glycoprotein expressed on the majority of T cells and a subset of B cells. The human cd6 gene maps to chromosome 11, and the expression of its protein product is tightly regulated. CD6 mediates cellular adhesion migration across the endothelial and epithelial cells. In addition, it participates in the antigen presentation by B cells and the subsequent proliferation of T cells. CD6 may bind in trans to surface glycoproteins (such as ALCAM and 3A11), or to microbial lipopolysaccharides, and may bind in cis to endogenous ligands (such as CD3 and CD5), and thereby deliver a costimulatory signal. Transinteractions are reinforced during autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome, and multiple sclerosis) and some cancers. Based on experimental data and on clinical results in RA and psoriasis, we believe that the recent humanized anti-CD6-specific mAb T1h may act as a regulator of the immunological response in addition to its function as an anti-T- and -B cell agent.
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10
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Abstract
Recognition by scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains on membrane proteins regulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Two receptors expressed primarily on T cells, CD5 and CD6, are linked genetically and are structurally similar, both containing three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains in their extracellular regions. A specific cell surface interaction for CD5 has been difficult to define at the molecular level because of the susceptibility of CD5 protein to denaturation. By using soluble CD5 purified at neutral pH to preserve biological activity, we show that CD5 mediates species-specific homophilic interactions. CD5 domain 1 only is involved in the interaction. CD5 mAbs that have functional effects in humans, rats, and mice block homophilic binding. Ag-specific responses by mouse T cells in vitro were increased when engagement of human CD5 domain 1 was inhibited by mutation or by IgG or Fab fragment from a CD5 mAb. This showed that homophilic binding results in productive engagement. Enhancement of polyclonal immune responses of rat lymph node cells by a Fab fragment from a CD5 mAb shown to block homophilic interactions provided evidence that the extracellular region of CD5 regulates inhibition in normal cells. These biochemical and in vitro functional assays provide evidence that the extracellular region of CD5 regulates immunity through species-specific homophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion H Brown
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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11
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Molecular cloning and analysis of SSc5D, a new member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2585-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Pospisil R, Kabat J, Mage RG. Characterization of rabbit CD5 isoforms. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2456-64. [PMID: 19520434 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously described polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to rabbit CD5, raised against expressed recombinant protein or peptides, recognize CD5 on most rabbit B cells. The mAb KEN-5 was originally reported to recognize rabbit CD5. However, KEN-5 binds almost exclusively to T cells and only to a minor population of B cells. We show here that by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), KEN-5 binds to recombinant rabbit CD5. This interaction is partially inhibited by polyclonal goat anti-CD5 antibody. In addition, immunoprecipitations from lysates of surface biotinylated rabbit lymphocytes with KEN-5 or our anti-CD5 mAb isolate molecules that migrate identically on gels with the same approximate relative molecular mass of 67,000 M(r). By flow cytometric analyses of individual cells from spleen, thymus and appendix, KEN-5 recognizes CD5-like molecules mainly on T cells and on 3-6% of IgM(+) B cells. Immunohistochemical staining of splenic and appendix tissues and confocal immunofluorescent imaging confirm and extend results from flow cytometric analyses. Quantitation of fluorescent colocalization indicates that staining by KEN-5 colocalizes with staining by anti-CD5 on small percentage lymphocytes in splenic tissue sections. As CD5 has both N- and O-linked glycosylation, we hypothesised that differential binding of KEN-5 to T cells and B-cells may be explained by different glycan structures on the CD5 present on T compared to B cells. This hypothesis is supported by ELISA data that show that deglycosylation diminishes the binding of KEN-5 to recombinant rabbit CD5. Screening KEN-5 on an array with 406 glycans was inconclusive. Although we did not identify a strongly binding glycan structure, the data are suggestive that the epitope recognized by KEN-5 may be influenced by glycan structures. The epitope this mAb recognizes may either be the glycan itself, or more likely, is influenced by neighboring glycan structure. Our findings suggest that development, selection and function of different B- and T-cell subsets or their preferential survival may be directly or indirectly dependent on different glycan structures associated with CD5 or CD5-like molecules expressed on T cells compared to B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pospisil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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13
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Perez-Chacon G, Vargas JA, Jorda J, Alvarez N, Martin-Donaire T, Rosado S, Losada-Fernandez I, Rebolleda N, Perez-Aciego P. CD5 does not regulate the signaling triggered through BCR in B cells from a subset of B-CLL patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:147-57. [PMID: 17325858 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600989331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CD5 is a transmembrane protein expressed on all T lineage cells and a subset of B cells. It is known that CD5 is physically associated with the T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor (BCR), inhibiting the signaling triggered by both of them. CD5 is also characteristic of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) B cells, although its implication in the development of this lymphoproliferative disorder has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the effect of CD5 in apoptosis, cell viability and global protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by BCR in B cells from B-CLL patients. As opposed to tonsil B cells, we did not observe an increase in the apoptotic or viability signals induced by anti-immunoglobulin M or SAC/interleukin-2 when CD5 was dissociated from BCR in leukemic cells of the majority of patients. We also observed that CD5 did not regulate the BCR-induced phosphotyrosine pattern in B-CLL B cells. These findings suggest that CD5 does not inhibit properly the BCR-mediated signaling in leukemic cells. This defect in inhibiting the BCR might contribute to the enhanced survival of B-CLL B cells.
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14
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Rodamilans B, Muñoz IG, Bragado-Nilsson E, Sarrias MR, Padilla O, Blanco FJ, Lozano F, Montoya G. Crystal structure of the third extracellular domain of CD5 reveals the fold of a group B scavenger cysteine-rich receptor domain. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:12669-77. [PMID: 17322294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611699200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains are ancient protein modules widely found among cell surface and secreted proteins of the innate and adaptive immune system, where they mediate ligand binding. We have solved the crystal structure at 2.2 A of resolution of the SRCR CD5 domain III, a human lymphocyte receptor involved in the modulation of antigen specific receptor-mediated T cell activation and differentiation signals. The first structure of a member of a group B SRCR domain reveals the fold of this ancient protein module into a central core formed by two antiparallel beta-sheets and one alpha-helix, illustrating the conserved core at the protein level of genes coding for group A and B members of the SRCR superfamily. The novel SRCR group B structure permits the interpretation of site-directed mutagenesis data on the binding of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) binding to CD6, a closely related lymphocyte receptor homologue to CD5.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/chemistry
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Fetal Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Folding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/chemistry
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/immunology
- Structural Homology, Protein
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodamilans
- Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Perez-Chacon G, Vargas JA, Jorda J, Morado M, Rosado S, Martin-Donaire T, Losada-Fernandez I, Rebolleda N, Perez-Aciego P. CD5 provides viability signals to B cells from a subset of B-CLL patients by a mechanism that involves PKC. Leuk Res 2007; 31:183-93. [PMID: 16725198 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an accumulation of B lymphocytes expressing CD5. To date, the biological significance of this molecule in B-CLL B cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we have analysed the functional consequences of the binding of an anti-CD5 antibody on B-CLL B cells. To this purpose, we have measured the percentage of viability of B-CLL B cells in the presence or in the absence of anti-CD5 antibodies and also examined some of the biochemical events downstream the CD5-signalling. We demonstrate that anti-CD5 induces phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C (PKC), while no activation of Akt/PKB and MAPKs is detected. This signalling cascade results in viability in a group of patients in which we observe an increase of Mcl-1 levels, whereas the levels of bcl-2, bcl-x(L) and XIAP do not change. We also report that this pathway leads to IL-10 production, an immunoregulatory cytokine that might act as an autocrine growth factor for leukaemic B cells. Inhibition of PKC prevents the induction of Mcl-1 and IL-10, suggesting that the activation of PKC plays an important role in the CD5-mediated survival signals in B cells from a subset of B-CLL patients.
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16
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Pospisil R, Obiakor H, Newman BA, Alexander C, Mage RG. Stable expression of the extracellular domains of rabbit recombinant CD5: development and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 103:257-67. [PMID: 15621311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory suggested that there was positive selection of B cells during early development in the appendix of normal and V(H) mutant (ali/ali) rabbits. Preferential expansion and survival of B lymphocytes was affected by the Ig V(H) frameworks 1 and 3 sequences expressed on the cell surface. We demonstrated a specific interaction between rabbit CD5 and the V region of rabbit heavy chains and suggested that CD5 is a potential selecting ligand for B-cell surface immunoglobulin framework region sequences. To further investigate the role of CD5 in rabbit B-cell selection and survival we prepared recombinant constructs and obtained stable expression of the three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) extracellular domains of rabbit CD5. Here we describe the production and purification of this expressed recombinant CD5 protein, polyclonal antibody obtained by immunization of a goat and initial production and characterization of specific mAbs against peptides selected from each sequenced SRCR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pospisil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llN3ll, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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17
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Vitale B, Martinis M, Antica M, Kusić B, Rabatić S, Gagro A, Kusec R, Jaksić B. Prolegomenon for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Scand J Immunol 2003; 58:588-600. [PMID: 14636414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2003.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a unique lymphoproliferative disorder that scarcely occurs under the age of 40; thereafter the incidence of CLL increases exponentially with age. CLL is characterized by progressive expansion of malignant CD5+ME+ B-cell clone accompanied by a myriad of cellular and humoral immune defects. Each of them might be linked to different clinically manifested complications such as increasing rate of infections, autoimmune disorders and disturbed immune surveillance against tumour cells. We assume that CLL occurs as a consequence of age-dependent, genetically related functional restrictions of the thymic microenvironment in supporting common lymphoid progenitor cells (CD5+ME+CD4-CD8-) to differentiate into mature T-cell and B-cell descendants. In conjunction with genetic abnormalities developing in B-cell progenitors, presumably expressing P glycoprotein (Pgp+), we postulate that developmentally altered T-cell descendants, along with quantitative imbalance among CD4+, their subsets and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, play an important additional role in facilitating the malignant B-cell clone emergence and in modulating the CLL clinical evolution. Namely, imbalance of any of T-cell-mediated cell interactive homeostatic mechanisms accompanied by imbalance in the production of various cytokines might in CLL influence leukaemic B-cell growth by deregulating inducer (c-myc and p53) and/or suppressor (bcl-2 and mutant p53) oncogenes responsible for the promotion or suppression of B-cell mitogenesis that may in turn further contribute to their impaired differentiation and/or differentiation arrest. In conclusion, CLL might be interpreted as a primary immunodeficiency syndrome developing in elderly population due to gradually evolving restriction of genetically controlled programs in the thymic microenvironment responsible for irregular maturation of common lymphoid progenitor cells that constitutively express CD5 antigen and ME receptor into T-cell and B-cell descendants.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Communication
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Prognosis
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vitale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Mage RG, Pospisil R. CD5 and other superantigens may select and maintain rabbit self-renewing B-lymphocytes and human B-CLL cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2001; 252:87-96. [PMID: 11125495 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-57284-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Appendix/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Bacteria/immunology
- Bursa of Fabricius/cytology
- Bursa of Fabricius/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- CD5 Antigens/chemistry
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Division
- Cell Survival
- Chickens
- Clonal Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Intestines/microbiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Ligands
- Models, Immunological
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Species Specificity
- Superantigens/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Mage
- Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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19
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Haas KM, Estes DM. The identification and characterization of a ligand for bovine CD5. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3158-66. [PMID: 11207268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD5, a type I glycoprotein expressed by T cells and a subset of B cells, is thought to play a significant role in modulating Ag receptor signaling. Previously, our laboratory has shown that bovine B cells are induced to express this key regulatory molecule upon Ag receptor cross-linking. To date, a ligand has not been described for bovine CD5. Given the importance ligand binding presumably plays in the functioning of CD5 on this B cell subset and on T cells, we sought to characterize the ligand for this protein using a bovine CD5-human IgG1 (CD5Ig) fusion protein produced by both mammalian and yeast cells. As determined by CD5Ig binding, expression of this ligand is negative to low on freshly isolated lymphocytes, with low-density expression being limited to activated B cells. Activation with LPS, PMA, and calcium ionophore, or ligation of CD40 alone or in combination with anti-IgM, resulted in B cell-specific expression of this ligand. Interestingly, activation through B cell Ag receptor cross-linking alone, although able to induce CD5 expression, did not result in expression of CD5 ligand (CD5L). In addition, we demonstrate a functional role for CD5L as a costimulatory molecule that augments CD40L-stimulated B cell proliferation. Finally, immunoprecipitation with CD5Ig suggests that the ligand characterized in this study has a molecular mass of approximately 200 kDa. The data reported herein, as well as future studies aimed at further characterizing this newly identified bovine CD5L, will undoubtedly aid in understanding the role that the CD5-CD5L interaction plays in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Haas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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