1
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Castro-Scholten S, Vasinioti VI, Caballero-Gómez J, García-Bocanegra I, Pellegrini F, Salvaggiulo A, Odigie AE, Diakoudi G, Camero M, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Identification and characterization of a novel circovirus in Iberian lynx in Spain. Res Vet Sci 2024; 176:105336. [PMID: 38880017 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Circoviruses cause severe disease in pigs and birds. Canine circovirus has thus far only been associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and systemic disease in dogs. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is one of the most endangered carnivores in Europe and the most endangered felid worldwide. Exploring the virome of these animals may be important in terms of virus discovery and assessing the interspecies-circulation of viruses from related carnivores. In this study, 162 spleen samples from Iberian lynx were screened for CRESS DNA viruses. Overall, 11 (6.8%) of 162 samples tested positive using a consensus PCR. Partial rep sequences were tightly related to each other (96.6-100%). Specific molecular protocols were designed on the partial rep sequences of the novel virus, Iberian lynx-associated circovirus-1 (ILCV-1). By screening a subset of 45 spleen samples, the infection rate of ILCV-1 in Iberian lynxes was 57.8% (26/45). ILCV-1 strains formed a separate cluster intermingled with bat, rodent, mongoose, and felid circoviruses. The genome of the novel virus displayed the highest nucleotide identity (64.3-65.3%) to mongoose circoviruses, thus representing a novel candidate circovirus species. The detection of these viruses in the spleen tissues could suggest systemic infection in the animal host. Overall, these findings suggest that this novel circovirus is common in the Iberian lynx. Further studies are warranted to assess the possible health implications of ILCV-1 in this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Salvaggiulo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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2
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Lei X, Lv Q, Qin Y, Chen W, Hu Y, Zhao C, Zhang X, Huang H, Li Y, Lu J, Lan T, Sun W, Zheng M. Establishment of a chip digital PCR detection method for canine circovirus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30859. [PMID: 38774073 PMCID: PMC11107241 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV), which is a new mammalian circovirus first reported in the United States in 2012, mainly causes diarrhea and vomiting in dogs. As CanineCV evolves and new subtypes emerge, there is an urgent need for new detection technologies to improve the sensitivity and detection rates of viruses in complex scenarios. A chip digital PCR(cdPCR) assay was established for the detection of CanineCV in this study. The results showed good reproducibility, specificity and a linear relationship; the minimum detection limit of CanineCV by cdPCR was 6.62 copies/μL, which is 10 times more sensitive than quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The qPCR-positive detection rate was 1 %, while CanineCV cdPCR (2.1 %) exhibited a greater positive detection rate. Fifteen complete genomes were sequenced and subdivided into CanineCV-1 and CanineCV-3. In conclusion, we developed a rapid, reliable, and specific cdPCR method for screening and monitoring canine CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lei
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiao Lv
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haixin Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
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3
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Eckstrand CD, Torrevillas BK, Wolking RM, Bradway DS, Warg JV, Clayton RD, Williams LB, Pessier AP, Reno JL, McMenamin-Snekvik KM, Thompson J, Baszler T, Snekvik KR. Investigation of laboratory methods for characterization of aquatic viruses in fish infected experimentally with infectious salmon anemia virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:319-328. [PMID: 37203453 PMCID: PMC11110770 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231173332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in aquaculture has resulted in high-density production systems in ecologically and geographically novel conditions in which the emergence of diseases is inevitable. Well-characterized methods for detection and surveillance of infectious diseases are vital for rapid identification, response, and recovery to protect economic and food security. We implemented a proof-of-concept approach for virus detection using a known high-consequence fish pathogen, infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), as the archetypal pathogen. In fish infected with ISAV, we integrated histopathology, virus isolation, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), electron microscopy (EM), in situ hybridization (ISH), and reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR). Fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissues were collected from virus-infected, control, and sham-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Microscopic differences were not evident between uninfected and infected fish. Viral cytopathic effect was observed in cell cultures inoculated with fresh-frozen tissue homogenates from 3 of 3 ISAV-infected and 0 of 4 uninfected or sham-infected fish. The ISAV genome was detected by shotgun metagenomics in RNA extracted from the medium from 3 of 3 inoculated cell cultures, 3 of 3 infected fish, and 0 of 4 uninfected or sham-infected fish, yielding sufficient coverage for de novo assembly. An ISH probe against ISAV revealed ISAV genome in multiple organs, with abundance in renal hematopoietic tissue. Virus was detected by RT-rtPCR in gill, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. EM and metagenomic WGS from tissues were challenging and unsuccessful. Our proof-of-concept methodology has promise for detection and characterization of unknown aquatic pathogens and also highlights some associated methodology challenges that require additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissy D. Eckstrand
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Brandi K. Torrevillas
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Wolking
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Bradway
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Janet V. Warg
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Richard D. Clayton
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Laura B. Williams
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Allan P. Pessier
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Joetta Lynn Reno
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Jim Thompson
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Timothy Baszler
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kevin R. Snekvik
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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4
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Dankaona W, Nooroong P, Poolsawat N, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Anuracpreeda P. Recombinant expression and characterization of Canine circovirus capsid protein for diagnosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1363524. [PMID: 38659451 PMCID: PMC11040689 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1363524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a contagious virus that causes severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, respiratory disease, and vasculitis, often resulting in fatality among infected dogs. In this study, a recombinant Capsid protein (rCap) of CanineCV was expressed in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta (DE3) pLysS host cell, followed by affinity purification, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, revealing a molecular weight of approximately 31 kDa. The antigenicity of the CanineCV rCap protein was confirmed through recognition by a rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein polyclonal antibody (PoAb). Additionally, the reactivity and specificity of this PoAb were assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis before applying in an immunohistochemistry (IHC), namely, immunoperoxidase detection. The immunoperoxidase assay using rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein PoAb demonstrated that the CanineCV Cap protein was predominantly located in immune cells, especially lymphocytes and macrophages, within the spleen, lung, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, small intestine, and kidney. Similarly, the Cap protein was also found in pneumocytes in the lung and renal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. These findings reflected the biological activity and cell tropism of the virus. Therefore, the recombinant Cap protein and its PoAb could be used for the development of a valuable diagnostic tool for CanineCV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichan Dankaona
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pornpiroon Nooroong
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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5
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Neef A, Nath BK, Das T, Luque D, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Recombinantly expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) of canine circovirus for development of an indirect ELISA. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1121-1133. [PMID: 38163840 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging pathogen in domestic dogs, detected in multiple countries in association with varying clinical and pathological presentations including diarrhoea, vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation, and respiratory signs. Understanding the pathology of CanineCV is confounded by the fact that it has been detected in asymptomatic dogs as well as in diseased dogs concurrently infected with known pathogens. Recombinantly expressed self-assembling Virus-like particles (VLPs) lack viral genomic material but imitate the capsid surface conformations of wild type virion, allowing arrays of biological applications including subunit vaccine development and immunodiagnostics. In this study, full length CanineCV capsid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli followed by two-step purification process to yield soluble capsid protein in high concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the capsid antigen self-assembled into 17-20 nm VLPs in glutathione S-transferase (GST) buffer, later utilised to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The respective sensitivity and specificity of the proposed iELISA were 94.10% and 88.40% compared with those obtained from Western blot. The mean OD450 value for western blot positive samples was 1.22 (range 0.12-3.39) and negative samples was 0.21 (range 0.07-0.41). An optimal OD450 cut-off of 0.35 was determined by ROC curve analysis. Median inter-assay and intra-assay validation revealed that the iELISA test results were reproducible with coefficients of variation 7.70 (range 5.6-11.9) and 4.21 (range 1.2-7.4). Our results demonstrated that VLP-based iELISA is a highly sensitive method for serological diagnosis of CanineCV infections in dogs, suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Neef
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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6
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Zhou J, Zhao J, Sun H, Dai B, Zhu N, Dai Q, Qiu Y, Wang D, Cui Y, Guo J, Feng X, Hou L, Liu J. DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 interacts with porcine circovirus type 2 Cap protein and facilitates viral replication. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1298106. [PMID: 38380105 PMCID: PMC10877017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent of PCV2-associated diseases that pose a serious threat to the swine industry. PCV2 capsid (Cap) protein has been shown to interact with DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21), an important protein that regulates RNA virus replication. However, whether the interaction between DDX21 and the PCV2 Cap regulates PCV2 replication remains unclear. Herein, by using western blotting, interaction assays, and knockdown analysis, we found that PCV2 infection induced the cytoplasmic relocation of DDX21 from the nucleolus in cultured PK-15 cells. Moreover, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PCV2 Cap interacted directly with DDX21. The NLS of PCV2 Cap and 763GSRSNRFQNK772 residues at the C-terminal domain (CTD) of DDX21 were essential for the dual interaction. Upon shRNA-mediated DDX21 depletion in PK-15 cells, we observed impaired PCV2 replication via a lentivirus-delivered system, as evidenced by decreased levels of viral protein expression and virus production. In contrast, the replication of PCV2 increased in transiently DDX21-overexpressing cells. Our results indicate that DDX21 interacts with PCV2 Cap and plays a crucial role in virus replication. These results provide a reference for developing novel potential targets for prevention and control of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Beining Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianhong Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Hess SC, Weiss KCB, Custer JM, Lewis JS, Kraberger S, Varsani A. Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA). Arch Virol 2023; 169:12. [PMID: 38151635 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April-June 2021 and November 2021-January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m). From these samples, we identified 11 viral genomes: two novel circoviruses, six unclassified cressdnaviruses, and two anelloviruses. One of the circoviruses is most closely related to a circovirus sequence identified from an aerosolized dust sample in Arizona, USA. The second circovirus is most closely related to a rodent-associated circovirus and canine circovirus. Of the unclassified cressdnaviruses, three encode replication-associated proteins that are similar to those found in protists (Histomonas meleagridis and Monocercomonoides exilis), implying an evolutionary relationship with or a connection to similar unidentified protist hosts. The two anelloviruses are most closely related to those found in rodents, and this suggests a diet-related identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savage C Hess
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Katherine C B Weiss
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jesse S Lewis
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus, 6073 South Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Center of Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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8
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Lv ZH, Lian CY, Li CL, Chui WT, Yao XY, Shao JW, Zhang XL. Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of canine circovirus identified in pet dogs in Harbin, China. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106978. [PMID: 37414268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that circulates in dogs and wild carnivores around the world. It has been suggested to be associated with diseases of respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, though its pathogenic potential remains unclear. Currently, CanineCV is divided into six genotypes (genotype 1-6), and genotypes 2, 3, and 4 have been described in China. In this study, 359 blood samples from pet dogs with or without clinical signs were collected in Harbin city. After PCR screening, a total of 34 samples were tested positive for CanineCV, and nine full-length genome sequences were recovered from positive samples. Pairwise sequence comparison showed that they shared 82.4-99.3% genome-wide identity with other CanineCVs available in GenBank. Additionally, recombination events were detected, all of which were determined to be associated with sequences obtained in China. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on the recombination-free complete genome sequences revealed that the complete genome sequences generated herein were clustered into genotypes 1 and 3. Furthermore, purifying selection was the dominant evolutionary pressure acting on the genomes of CanineCV. These results expand the knowledge about the genetic diversity of CanineCV circulating in China, and also promote us to better understand the evolution of CanineCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Lv
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang-Le Li
- Dezhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinghai province, China
| | - Xin-Yan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Xiao X, Li YC, Xu FP, Hao X, Li S, Zhou P. Canine circovirus among dogs and cats in China: first identification in cats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252272. [PMID: 37711694 PMCID: PMC10498457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a virus associated with respiratory and digestive diseases in dogs and often occurs in coinfections with other pathogens, thereby aggravating the symptoms of infected dogs. CanineCV was first reported in the United States in 2012. Subsequently, it was reported among dogs in Europe, Asia, and South America. To investigate the prevalence of CanineCV in dogs in China, 331 dog samples were collected in this study. The PCR results showed that 9.06% (30/331, 95% CI = 6.2% ~ 12.7%) of the dog samples were CanineCV positive. CanineCV has also been detected in some carnivorous wild animals, indicating the potential risk of cross-species transmission of this virus. And, cats are also one of the most common pets in our daily lives, who is close contact with dogs. Thus, this study first investigated the prevalence of CanineCV in cats. The PCR results showed that 3.42% (14/409, 95% CI = 1.9% ~ 5.7%) of the cat samples were CanineCV positive. Moreover, 14 canine-derived CanineCV whole genomes and the first cat-derived CanineCV whole genome were obtained in this study. Rep and Cap are the major nonstructural proteins and structural proteins of CanineCV, respectively. In nucleic acid homology analyses, these 15 CanineCV strains showed a high degree of variation in Rep (85.9 ~ 99%) and Cap (85.6 ~ 100%). In phylogenetic analyses, the 15 CanineCV strains clustered into 3 different genotypes (genotypes 1, 3, and 4). Among them, the first cat-derived CanineCV belonged to CanineCV-3. In addition, 4 genetic recombination events were predicted in these 15 CanineCV strains, occurring in multiple regions of the genome. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide evidence of CanineCV infection in cats and successfully obtained the first whole genome of cat-derived CanineCV. The complex circulation and high prevalence of CanineCV among dogs and cats emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of this virus in various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Pei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqi Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Vasinioti VI, Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Capozza P, Cardone R, Diakoudi G, Desario C, Catella C, Vicenza T, Lucente MS, Di Martino B, Camero M, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Investigating the genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats identifies a novel feline circovirus and unveils exposure of cats to canine circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:86-95. [PMID: 37327693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses include Circoviruses which have been found in several animal species and in human specimens. Circoviruses are associated with severe disease in pigs and birds and with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and systemic disease in dogs. In cats there are only a few anecdotical studies reporting CRESS DNA viruses. In this study, a total of 530 samples (361 sera, 131 stools, and 38 respiratory swabs) from cats, were screened for the presence of CRESS DNA viruses. Overall, 48 (9.0%) of 530 samples tested positive using a pan-Rep PCR. A total of 30 Rep sequences were obtained. Ten sequences of fecal origin were tightly related to each other (82.4-100% nt identity) and more distantly related to mongoose circoviruses (68.3 to 77.2% nt identity). At genome level these circoviruses displayed the highest nt identity (74.3-78.7%) to mongoose circoviruses thus representing a novel circovirus species. Circoviruses from different animal hosts (n = 12) and from humans (n = 8) were also identified. However, six Rep sequences were obtained from serum samples, including canine circoviruses, a human cyclovirus and human and fish-associated CRESS DNA viruses. The presence of these viruses in the sera would imply, to various extent, virus replication in the animal host, able to sustain viremia. Overall, these findings indicate a wide genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Iris Vasinioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, SP18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
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11
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Gomez-Betancur D, Rendon-Marin S, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus genomic characterization in dogs with and without diarrheal syndrome in Medellín, Colombia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204214. [PMID: 37470068 PMCID: PMC10352771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging agent described for the first time in 2011, it infects domestic and wild canids, mainly associated with gastrointestinal signs; however, it has also been reported in samples obtained from animals without clinical signs, so its pathogenesis and epidemiology are still poorly understood. In Colombia, the CanineCV was first reported in 2020 from CPV-2 positive dogs. In the present work, CanineCV was detected in 30% of fecal samples obtained from dogs with or without diarrhea, in the city of Medellín, Colombia. No coinfection with CPV-2 was found. The highest number of positive samples was found in the subgroup of animals with diarrhea. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses confirmed the separation of the CanineCV genomes into five different clades with a European origin of the Colombian viruses and at least two different introductions of the CanineCV into the country. Our results highlight the importance of the CanineCV in Colombian dog populations and the need for continue surveillance of emerging pathogens in canine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Sede Bogotá, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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12
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Ding Y, Wan M, Li Z, Ma X, Zhang W, Xu M. Comparison of the gut virus communities between patients with Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190172. [PMID: 37396350 PMCID: PMC10311494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The escalating incidence of Crohn's disease (CD), a debilitating ailment that ravages individuals and their families, has become a formidable issue over recent decades. Method In this study, fecal samples from patients with CD and healthy individuals were investigated by means of viral metagenomics. Results The fecal virome was analyzed and some suspected disease-causing viruses were described. A polyomavirus named HuPyV with 5,120 base pairs (bp) was found in the disease group. In a preliminary analysis employing large T region-specific primers, it was found that HuPyV was present in 3.2% (1/31) of healthy samples and 43.2% (16/37) of disease samples. Additionally, two other viruses from the anellovirus and CRESS-DNA virus families were found in fecal samples from CD patients. The complete genome sequences of these two viruses were described respectively, and the phylogenetic trees have been built using the anticipated amino acid sequences of the viral proteins. Discussion Further research is required to elucidate the relationship between these viruses and the onset and development of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengtian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Lund MC, Larsen BB, Rowsey DM, Otto HW, Gryseels S, Kraberger S, Custer JM, Steger L, Yule KM, Harris RE, Worobey M, Van Doorslaer K, Upham NS, Varsani A. Using archived and biocollection samples towards deciphering the DNA virus diversity associated with rodent species in the families cricetidae and heteromyidae. Virology 2023; 585:42-60. [PMID: 37276766 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rodentia is the most speciose order of mammals, and they are known to harbor a wide range of viruses. Although there has been significant research on zoonotic viruses in rodents, research on the diversity of other viruses has been limited, especially for rodents in the families Cricetidae and Heteromyidae. In fecal and liver samples of nine species of rodents, we identify 346 distinct circular DNA viral genomes. Of these, a large portion are circular, single-stranded DNA viruses in the families Anelloviridae (n = 3), Circoviridae (n = 5), Genomoviridae (n = 7), Microviridae (n = 297), Naryaviridae (n = 4), Vilyaviridae (n = 15) and in the phylum Cressdnaviricota (n = 13) that cannot be assigned established families. We also identified two large bacteriophages of 36 and 50 kb that are part of the class Caudoviricetes. Some of these viruses are clearly those that infect rodents, however, most of these likely infect various organisms associated with rodents, their environment or their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lund
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Brendan B Larsen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Dakota M Rowsey
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hans W Otto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sophie Gryseels
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium; OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Museum of Natural Sciences, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Laura Steger
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kelsey M Yule
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Robin E Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Nathan S Upham
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
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14
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de Villiers L, Molini U, Coetzee LM, Visser L, Spangenberg J, de Villiers M, Berjaoui S, Khaiseb S, Lorusso A, Franzo G. Molecular epidemiology of Canine circovirus in domestic dogs and wildlife in Namibia, Africa. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105458. [PMID: 37257803 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a DNA virus affecting domestic dogs and other wild carnivore species. Despite the potential implications for dogs' health and wildlife conservation, data on CanineCV presence, epidemiology and genetic features from Africa is still poor. In the present study, biological specimens collected between 2020 and 2022 from a total of 32 jackals and 575 domestic dogs were tested for the presence of CanineCV DNA to evaluate its frequency. Furthermore, sequencing was conducted on positive samples to characterize the strains and compare them with publicly available sequences through phylogenetic analysis. A high CanineCV prevalence was observed both in jackals (43.75%; 95 CI: 28.17% - 60.67%) and domestic dogs (27.13%; 95 CI: 23.66% - 30.91%). All aside from one Namibian strain formed an independent clade, suggestive of extremely rare introduction events, followed by local persistence, circulation, and evolution. Remarkably, different recombination events were observed involving strains from both jackals and domestic dogs, which testify to the likely strain exchange between these populations. Distinctive amino acid residues were also observed in jackals. The limitations of the considered host populations however prevent a definitive conclusion on host adaptation, biological, and clinical features. Further studies should be performed to expand our current knowledge of the CanineCV disease scenario in Namibia, other African regions, and associated host species in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Umberto Molini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Lauren M Coetzee
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Leandra Visser
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Jani Spangenberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mari de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Siegfried Khaiseb
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Dept. of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Odigie AE, Madubuike KG, Lucente MS, Ezeifeka CA, Patruno G, Lorusso E, Elia G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of Selected Canine Viruses in Nigerian Free-Ranging Dogs Traded for Meat Consumption. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061119. [PMID: 36978659 PMCID: PMC10044693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Concerns have been previously expressed regarding the risks of dog trade in spreading zoonotic pathogens in Nigeria. However, the role of these dogs in disseminating highly pathogenic canine viruses has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to identify selected canine viruses in dogs traded for meat consumption in Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were screened for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), canine adenovirus 1/2 (CAdV-1/2), canine circovirus (CaCV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) by using real-time PCR and conventional PCR and/or sequencing. CPPV-1 DNA was identified in 83% of canine samples while CaCV DNA and CDV RNA were detected in 14% and 17% of the dog samples, respectively. None of the dogs tested positive for CAdV-1/2. The CaCVs identified in this study clustered along with other European, Asian, and American strains. Moreover, CDV strains identified in Nigeria clustered in a separate lineage with the closest genetic relatedness to the Europe-South America-1 clade. Further surveys prior to and after arrival of dogs at the slaughtering points are required to clarify the real virus burden in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Amienwanlen E Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Kelechi G Madubuike
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka A Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Gomez-Betancur D, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus: An emerging or an endemic undiagnosed enteritis virus? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150636. [PMID: 37138920 PMCID: PMC10150634 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) belongs to the family Circoviridae. It is an emerging virus described for the first time in 2011; since then, it has been detected in different countries and can be defined as worldwide distribution virus. CanineCV infects domestic and wild canids and is mainly related to hemorrhagic enteritis in canines. However, it has been identified in fecal samples from apparently healthy animals, where in most cases it is found in coinfection with other viral agents such as the canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV). The estimated prevalence/frequency of CanineCV has been variable in the populations and countries where it has been evaluated, reaching from 1 to 30%, and there are still many concepts to define the epidemiological characteristics of the virus. The molecular characterization and phylo-evolutive analyses that allow to postulate the wild origin and intercontinental distribution of the virus. This review focuses on the importance on continuing research and establish surveillance systems for this emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Julian Ruiz-Saenz,
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Hao X, Li Y, Chen B, Wang H, Wang X, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. Detection of FeChPV in a cat shelter outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1064747. [PMID: 36569076 PMCID: PMC9773189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1064747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus often causes a fatal infectious disease and has a serious impact on domestic cats and wild felines. Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a novel type of feline parvovirus that has been successively identified in Canada, Italy, and Turkey. The prevalence and pathogenicity of FeChPV in other regions is still unknown. In this study, we recorded the detection of FeChPV in a cat shelter in China. A high prevalence (81.08%, 30/37) of FeChPV was detected in cats with symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in this cat shelter. Multiple pathogen testing indicated high coinfection rates of 80% (24/30) with other common viruses in FeChPV-positive cats. Analyses of the necropsy and histopathological findings revealed severe lymphadenitis, encephalitis, and viral DNA in several tissues (including brain) of the deceased cat. Finally, we obtained nearly full-length genomes of four strains with 98.4%~98.6% homology with previously reported genomes. Notably, VP1 proteins showed seven unique amino acid mutations, while NS1 proteins carried eight mutations. In the evolutionary tree based on VP1 and NS1, the sequences clustered in a large branch with Italian and Canadian FeChPV strains. Given the possible association of FeChPV with URTD, further studies are necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics of this novel feline pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Pei Zhou,
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Shoujun Li,
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18
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Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and association of canine circovirus infection in dogs with respiratory disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15445. [PMID: 36104425 PMCID: PMC9472715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough canine circovirus (CanineCV)-associated with gastroenteritis has been well documented, the virus is also detectable in the respiratory discharge of dogs with respiratory disease. In this study, an epidemiological approach was used to explore the association between the presence of CanineCV and respiratory symptoms in dogs. Respiratory swabs were collected from 76 healthy dogs and 114 dogs with respiratory illness and tested for CanineCV using conventional PCR (cPCR). Furthermore, lung tissues collected from 15 necropsied dogs showing pneumonia were tested using the real-time PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. A total of 8.95% (17/190) of dogs were CanineCV positive, with a significant association (p = 0.013) in dogs with respiratory signs. Four necropsied dogs were qPCR positive with the CanineCV-DNA labeling localized in tracheobronchial lymphoid cells (3/4), pulmonary parenchyma, capillary endothelia, and mononuclear cells harboring in alveoli (2/4). Full-length genome sequences of seven CanineCV strains were analyzed, indicating that the detected CanineCV genome clustered in the CanineCV-4 genotype. Genetic recombination was also evident in the replicase (Rep) gene. Although the role of CanineCV primarily affecting lung lesions could not be determined from this study, the presence of CanineCV DNA in pulmonary-associated cells indicated the potential association of the virus with canine respiratory disease; thus, linking causality must be examined in further studies.
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19
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Faraji R, Sadeghi M, Mozhgani SH, Vasinioti V, Ndiana LA, Desario C, Beikpour F, Decaro N. Detection of canine circovirus in dogs infected with canine parvovirus. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106646. [PMID: 35952924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first detection of canine circovirus (CanineCV), several reports have been published over the last decade about the worldwide distribution of this emerging virus of dogs. In order to investigate the prevalence and genomic features of CanineCV in Iranian dogs, a total of 203 dog faecal samples was collected between February and November 2018 from five different geographical regions and screened by real-time PCR (qPCR). Thirteen dogs (6.4%) tested positive for CanineCV DNA, all being detected in co-infections with the highly virulent canine parvovirus (CPV). Three partial replicase nucleotide sequences of the detected CanineCV strains were obtained and compared with the reference sequences deposited in the GenBank database. The Iranian CanineCV sequences had a nucleotide identity of 96.4-98.2% each to other and of 88.3-98.2% with other sequences available on the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Iranian sequences are more closely related to Turkish strains than to strains reported from other countries. The present study provides new insights into the CanineCV molecular epidemiology and its possible role as a co-infectious pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
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20
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Kaushik V, Jain P, Akhtar N, Joshi A, Gupta LR, Grewal RK, Oliva R, Shaikh AR, Cavallo L, Chawla M. Immunoinformatics-Aided Design and In Vivo Validation of a Peptide-Based Multiepitope Vaccine Targeting Canine Circovirus. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kaushik
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Lovi Raj Gupta
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
| | - Romina Oliva
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University Parthenope of Naples, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, I-80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Mortari APG, Masuda EK, Flores MM, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Vogel FSF. Coinfection with canine distemper virus and canine circovirus in a dog in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2315-2320. [PMID: 35881236 PMCID: PMC9679085 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine circovirus (CanineCV) have been described worldwide in multi-systemic disease in dogs. Both agents may be occasionally associated with other viral pathogens, but reports of coinfection by CDV and CanineCV associated with disease are rare. In this article, we report a coinfection between CDV and CanineCV detected during an investigation of viral agents involved in multisystemic disease in dogs in Southern Brazil. Molecular testing by PCR in lungs and intestines of 77 dogs necropsied in pathology services (2015-2020) revealed several single and mixed viral infections, including a CDV/CanineCV coinfection. In the case reported here, gross and histological findings were compatible with CDV pathology (bronchointerstitial pneumonia and viral intracytoplasmatic inclusions in pneumocytes and transitional epithelial cells of urinary bladder). CanineCV DNA and CDV antigens were detected in lung and intestine fragments by PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CanineCV PCR amplicons subjected to nucleotide sequencing showed > 98.6% nucleotide identity with CanineCV sequences from GenBank. Although the role of CanineCV in the pathogenesis of the reported case could not be determined, our results show that CanineCV may be associated with other viral infections in cases of multisystemic disease in dogs. These results reinforce the circulation of CanineCV in dogs in Brazil and highlight the importance of including this virus in the list of differential diagnoses of respiratory and gastroenteric infectious diseases in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula G. Mortari
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63D, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 Rio Grande do Sul Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo K. Masuda
- Laboratório Axys Análises, Alberto Silva, 332, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91370-000 Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Flores
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Flores
- Setor de Virologia (SV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LABAC), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63D, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. F. Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63D, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu G, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang P, Wang S, Liang T, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Huang G, Song C. Establishment of a Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus and the First Evidence of Its Spread to Hainan and Jiangxi Provinces of China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:853761. [PMID: 35799839 PMCID: PMC9253630 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.853761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Circovirus-like (PCL) virus, a new emerging virus, has been widely detected in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Anhui provinces in China, which may be a novel agent causing severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and tending to spread widely. Evidence suggests that the virus is related to hemorrhagic enteritis and diarrhea, and many newborn piglets were emaciated to death after infection. Therefore, a sensitive, quick, and accurate detection system for virus detection and epidemiological investigation is necessary. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR assay based on SYBR green for the detection of PCL virus. The ORF4 conserved region of PCL virus was found by the alignment of the uploaded genome sequences to design specific primers, and the primers were tested and showed good specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Approximately, 138 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheal pigs in South China from June to December 2021. Approximately, 22.46% (31/138) of the samples and 40% (8/20) of the pig farms were positive for PCL virus, respectively, by using this method. Moreover, it is worth noting that the virus was first detected in Hainan and Jiangxi Provinces of China, which means that the virus may spread widely in China. Through evolutionary tree analysis and partial sequence comparison, there are some differences of virus genes in each province, suggesting that there is a risk of variation, and the four PCL virus strains showed a sequence similarity of 86.7%–87.8% for the rep gene and 92.2%–92.9% for the Rep protein, respectively, with Bo-Circo-like virus that is detected in bovine, which further demonstrates a close relationship between the two viruses that originated from different animals. In conclusion, our study provides a useful diagnostic approach to PCL virus detection and epidemiological inquiry. Meanwhile, the epidemic data using this real-time qPCR assay provide evidence for the widespread variations and epidemic of the virus in South China, and warn the appropriate measures for prevention, and control of porcine circovirus-like virus infection should be under consideration in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Xu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Liu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyun Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tairun Liang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Li
- Dongrui Food Group Co. Ltd, Heyuan, China
| | | | - Changxu Song
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changxu Song ;
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23
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Abayli H, Aslan O, Tumer KC, Can-Sahna K, Tonbak S. Predominance and first complete genomic characterization of canine parvovirus 2b in Turkey. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1831-1840. [PMID: 35716267 PMCID: PMC9206223 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viral enteritis is a significant threat to domestic dogs. The two primary pathogens that cause viral enteritis in dogs are canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of CPV-2, CCoV, and canine circovirus coinfection by characterizing circulating subtypes of CPV-2 in faecal samples from symptomatic dogs admitted to veterinary clinics located in Ankara, Elazığ, Kayseri, and Kocaeli provinces of Turkey, between 2019 and 2022. Virus detection by PCR and RT-PCR revealed that CPV-2 was present in 48 (77.4%) samples, and no other agents were detected. Based on the occurrence of the codon GAT at positions 1276 to 1278 (coding for aspartate at residue 426) of VP2, all CPV-2 isolates were confirmed to be of the CPV-2b subtype. The complete genome sequences of two CPV-2b isolates showed a high degree of similarity to and phylogenetic clustering with Australian and East Asian strains/isolates. The predominant CPV strain circulating in the three different regions of Turkey was found to be a CPV-2b strain containing the amino acid substitutions at Y324I and T440A, which commonly contribute to immune escape. This is the first report of complete genomic analysis of CPV-2 isolates circulating in symptomatic domestic dogs in Turkey. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions about the efficacy of current vaccination regimes and highlights the importance of monitoring the emergence and spread of new CPV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Abayli
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Oznur Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kenan Cağrı Tumer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kezban Can-Sahna
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sukru Tonbak
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
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24
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Hao X, Li Y, Chen H, Chen B, Liu R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126382. [PMID: 35742826 PMCID: PMC9224199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus in canines. Since the first strain of CanineCV was reported in 2012, CanineCV infection has shown a trend toward becoming a global epidemic. CanineCV infection often occurs with coinfection with other pathogens that may aggravate the symptoms of disease in affected dogs. Currently, CanineCV has not been successfully isolated by laboratories, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding its physicochemical properties, replication process, and pathogenic characteristics. To address this knowledge gap, the following results were obtained in this study. First, a CanineCV strain was rescued in F81 cells using infectious clone plasmids. Second, the Rep protein produced by the viral packaging rescue process was found to be associated with cytopathic effects. Additionally, the Rep protein and CanineCV inhibited the activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) promoter, blocking subsequent expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, Rep was found to broadly inhibit host protein expression. We speculate that in CanineCV and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) coinfection cases, CanineCV promotes CPV-2 replication by inducing immunosuppression, which may increase the severity of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
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25
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Höche J, House RV, Heinrich A, Schliephake A, Albrecht K, Pfeffer M, Ellenberger C. Pathogen Screening for Possible Causes of Meningitis/Encephalitis in Wild Carnivores From Saxony-Anhalt. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:826355. [PMID: 35464387 PMCID: PMC9021439 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.826355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in meninges and/or brain is regularly noticed in red foxes and other wild carnivores during rabies control programs. Despite negative rabies virus (RABV) results, the etiologies of these cases remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the occurrence of pathogens that may cause diseases in the brains of wild carnivores and pose a risk to humans and other animals. In addition to RABV and canine distemper virus (CDV), a variety of pathogens, including members of Flaviviridae, Bornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Circoviridae, as well as bacteria and parasites can also cause brain lesions. In 2016 and 2017, brain samples of 1,124 wild carnivores were examined by direct fluorescent antibody test for RABV as well as (reverse-transcriptase) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CDV as part of a monitoring program in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Here, we applied similar methods to specifically detect suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), West Nile virus (WNV), Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), fox circovirus (FoxCV), and Neospora caninum (N. caninum). Further, bacteriogical examination for the existence of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and immunohistochemistry of selected cases to detect Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) antigen were performed. Of all pathogens studied, CDV was found most frequently (31.05%), followed by FoxCV (6.80%), CPV-2 (6.41%), T. gondii (4/15; 26.67%), nematode larvae (1.51%), L. monocytogenes (0.3%), and various other bacterial pathogens (1.42%). In 68 of these cases (6.05%), multiple pathogen combinations were present simultaneously. However, RABV, WNV, BoDV-1, SuHV-1, CaHV-1, and N. caninum were not detected. The majority of the histopathological changes in 440 animals were inflammation (320/440; 72.73%), predominantly non-suppurative in character (280/320; 87.50%), and in many cases in combination with gliosis, satellitosis, neuronophagia, neuronal necrosis, and/or vacuolization/demyelination, or in single cases with malacia. Thus, it could be shown that wild carnivores in Saxony-Anhalt are carriers mainly for CDV and sometimes also for other, partly zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, the existing monitoring program should be expanded to assess the spill-over risk from wild carnivores to humans and other animals and to demonstrate the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of these zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Höche
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Höche
| | - Robert Valerio House
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
| | - Anja Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
| | - Annette Schliephake
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Albrecht
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Centre of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christin Ellenberger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Vasinioti V, Desario C, Martino C, Colaianni ML, Pellegrini F, Camarda A, Berjaoui S, Sgroi G, Elia G, Pratelli A, Buono F, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Canine Adenoviruses, Circoviruses, and Novel Cycloviruses From Wild Carnivores in Italy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:851987. [PMID: 35433913 PMCID: PMC9010027 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild carnivores are known to play a role in the epidemiology of several canine viruses, including canine adenoviruses types 1 (CAdV-1) and 2 (CAdV-2), canine circovirus (CanineCV) and canine distemper virus (CDV). In the present study, we report an epidemiological survey for these viruses in free ranging carnivores from Italy. A total of 262 wild carnivores, including red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), wolves (Canis lupus) and Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) were sampled. Viral nucleic acid was extracted and screened by real-time PCR assays (qPCR) for the presence of CAdVs and CanineCV DNA, as well as for CDV RNA. CAdV-1 DNA was detected only in red foxes (4/232, 1.7%) whilst the wolves (0/8, 0%) and Eurasian badgers (0/22, 0%) tested negative. CanineCV DNA was detected in 4 (18%) Eurasian badgers, 4 (50%) wolves and 0 (0%) red foxes. None of the animals tested positive for CDV or CAdV-2. By sequence and phylogenetic analyses, CAdV-1 and CanineCV sequences from wild carnivores were closely related to reference sequences from domestic dogs and wild carnivores. Surprisingly, two sequences from wolf intestines were identified as cycloviruses with one sequence (145.20-5432) displaying 68.6% nucleotide identity to a cyclovirus detected in a domestic cat, while the other (145.201329) was more closely related (79.4% nucleotide identity) to a cyclovirus sequence from bats. A continuous surveillance in wild carnivores should be carried out in order to monitor the circulation in wildlife of viruses pathogenic for domestic carnivores and endangered wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Decaro
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Beikpour F, Ndiana LA, Sazmand A, Capozza P, Nemati F, Pellegrini F, Zafari S, Zolhavarieh SM, Cardone R, Faraji R, Lanave G, Martella V, Decaro N. Detection and Genomic Characterization of Canine Circovirus in Iran. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040507. [PMID: 35203215 PMCID: PMC8868521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the last decade, canine circovirus (CaCV) has been repeatedly reported in domestic dogs with and without acute enteritis. Here we report the detection and full genome characterization of CaCV strains from non-diarrheic dogs in Iran. The results showed the circulation of the virus in this country, with Iranian strains segregating from the CaCVs detected in other countries. Abstract Canine circovirus (CaCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that globally circulates in dogs and wild carnivores. Although the pathogenic potential of the virus has not been fully understood yet, CaCV has been suggested to exacerbate the clinical course of other canine viral infections but also to circulate in dogs without clinical signs. In this study, we carried out real-time PCR assays to detect enteric pathogens from 156 canine rectal swabs collected from dogs without enteritis in 3 different regions in Iran. A total of 14 samples tested positive for CaCV and full-length genome sequences were obtained from 6 of the detected strains. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that, despite the distance between the different sample collection sites, all Iranian CaCV strains were closely related and formed a separate clade from extant CaCVs. The present study shows that CaCV is circulating in non-diarrheic dogs in Iran, thus highlighting the need for further epidemiological investigations in Iranian domestic and wild carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Linda Amarachi Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Alireza Sazmand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173160, Iran
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Farzad Nemati
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Salman Zafari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Seyed Masoud Zolhavarieh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran;
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 7787131587, Iran;
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0804679832
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. Novel Porcine Circoviruses in View of Lessons Learned from Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Epidemiology and Threat to Pigs and Other Species. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020261. [PMID: 35215854 PMCID: PMC8877176 DOI: 10.3390/v14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a key role in PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) etiology and has yielded significant losses in the pig husbandry in the last 20 years. However, the impact of two recently described species of porcine circoviruses, PCV3 and PCV4, on the pork industry remains unknown. The presence of PCV3 has been associated with several clinical presentations in pigs. Reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation have been reported most consistently. The clinical symptoms, anatomopathological changes and interaction with other pathogens during PCV3 infection in pigs indicate that PCV3 might be pathogenic for these animals and can cause economic losses in the swine industry similar to PCV2, which makes PCV3 worth including in the differential list as a cause of clinical disorders in reproductive swine herds. Moreover, subsequent studies indicate interspecies transmission and worldwide spreading of PCV3. To date, research related to PCV3 and PCV4 vaccine design is at early stage, and numerous aspects regarding immune response and virus characteristics remain unknown.
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Wen L, He K. Genomic Rearrangement and Recombination of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus P1 in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:736366. [PMID: 34988138 PMCID: PMC8720756 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.736366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, and it has been associated with porcine circovirus (associated) disease (PCVD or PCVAD) in pigs. PCVAD is the generic term for a series of disease syndromes that have caused economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Since the discovery of PCV2 in the late 1990s, the virus has continued to evolve, and novel genotypes have continued to appear. Moreover, there has been recombination between different genotypes of PCV2. This review attempts to illustrate some progress concerning PCV2 in genome rearrangement and genomic recombination with non-PCV2-related nucleic acids, particularly focusing on the porcine circovirus-like virus P1 formed by the recombination of PCV2. The presence of rearranged PCV2 genomes can be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro, and these subviral molecules ranged from 358 to 1,136 bp. Depending on whether it has the ability to encode a protein, the agents formed by PCV2 recombination can be divided into two categories: porcine circovirus-like viruses and porcine circovirus-like mini agents. We mainly discuss the porcine circovirus-like virus P1 regarding genomic characterization, etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Further research needs to be conducted on the pathogenicity of other porcine circovirus-like viruses and porcine circovirus-like mini agents and the effects of their interactions with PCV2, especially for the porcine circovirus-like mini agents that do not have protein-coding functions in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Diagnostics, and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infections Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Diagnostics, and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infections Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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30
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Canuti M, Rodrigues B, Bouchard É, Whitney HG, Lang AS, Dufour SC, Verhoeven JT. Distinct epidemiological profiles of porcine circovirus 3 and fox circovirus in Canadian foxes (Vulpes spp.). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Sun P, Ye Y, Li Y, Cui Y, Zhou T, Li Y, Wang Y. Establishment of hydrolysis probe system real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of canine circovirus. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:472. [PMID: 34722101 PMCID: PMC8541815 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we established a hydrolysis probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to rapidly detect Canine circovirus (CanineCV) DNA in faecal samples. We designed a pair of specific primers and one probe targeting Rep in CanineCV, and sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability tests were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the assay. The assay showed high sensitivity and a minimum detection limit of 8.42 × 101 copies/μL, which is 1000-fold more sensitive compared to traditional PCR. The method was also highly specific, without cross-reaction with other common canine viruses. Moreover, the assay showed high repeatability, and the mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.26 and 0.36%, respectively. The results of the detection of clinical samples showed that the positive detection rate of CanineCV was 14.04% (8/57). Notably, 8% of clinical samples were co-infected with other canine pathogens. In conclusion, the establishment of a hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR method provides a fast, sensitive, specific, reliable, and repeatable method for CanineCV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- New Ruipeng Hefei Tianhong Pet Hospital, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
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Novel Cyclovirus Species in Dogs with Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112155. [PMID: 34834961 PMCID: PMC8622408 DOI: 10.3390/v13112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nested PCRs with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-rep (replicase gene) primers detected eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses in three (samples CN9E, CN16E and CN34) of 18 canine parvovirus-2-positive fecal samples from household dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis on the Caribbean island of Nevis. The complete genomes of CRESS DNA virus CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were determined by inverse nested PCRs. Based on (i) genome organization, (ii) location of the putative origin of replication, (iii) pairwise genome-wide sequence identities, (iv) the presence of conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein (Rep) and the arginine-rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein (Cp) and (v) a phylogenetic analysis, CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were classified as cycloviruses. Canine-associated cycloviruses CN16E and CN34 were closely related to each other and shared low genome-wide nucleotide (59.642–59.704%), deduced Rep (35.018–35.379%) and Cp (26.601%) amino acid sequence identities with CN9E. All the three canine-associated cycloviruses shared < 80% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with cycloviruses from other animals/environmental samples, constituting two novel species (CN9E and CN16E/34) within the genus Cyclovirus. Considering the feeding habits of dogs, we could not determine whether the cycloviruses were of dietary origin or infected the host. Interestingly, the CN9E putative Rep-encoding open reading frame was found to use the invertebrate mitochondrial genetic code with an alternative initiation codon (ATA) for translation, corroborating the hypothesis that cycloviruses are actually arthropod-infecting viruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and complete genome analysis of cycloviruses from domestic dogs.
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Balboni A, Terrusi A, Urbani L, Troia R, Stefanelli SAM, Giunti M, Battilani M. Canine circovirus and Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:223-232. [PMID: 34671910 PMCID: PMC8528481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most relevant pathogens associated with enteritis in dogs and is frequently reported in association with the detection of other pathogens in faeces. In this study the concomitant presence of Canine circovirus (CanineCV) and Canine adenovirus (CAdV) DNA in faecal or intestine samples of 95 dogs with parvovirus enteritis sampled in Italy (1995–2017) was investigated and the viruses identified were genetically characterised. Potential correlations with the antigenic variant of CPV-2 and with signalment data and outcome were evaluated. Twenty-eight of 95 (29.5%) CPV-2 infected dogs tested positive to other viruses: 7/28 were also positive to CanineCV, 1/28 to CAdV-1, 18/28 to CAdV-2, 1/28 to CanineCV and CAdV-2, and 1/28 to CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. The frequency of CAdV DNA detection and coinfections was significantly higher in purebred dogs compared to mixed breed ones (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). The presence of coinfection was not associated with any other relevant data available, including CPV-2 variant and final outcome. The detection of CanineCV in a dog sampled in 2009 allowed to backdating its circulation in dogs. The eight CanineCV completely sequenced were phylogenetically related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from Europe, USA, Argentina and China. Nine CAdV were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis showed a separate branch for the oldest CAdV-2 identified (1995). From the results obtained in this study population, CanineCV and CAdV coinfections in dogs with parvoviral enteritis did not result in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia A M Stefanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose ( Urva auropunctata): Identification of Novel Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091700. [PMID: 34578282 PMCID: PMC8471302 DOI: 10.3390/v13091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal samples from 76 of 83 apparently healthy small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) were PCR positive with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-rep (replicase gene) primers. In this case, 30 samples yielded high quality partial rep sequences (~400 bp), of which 26 sequences shared maximum homology with cycloviruses from an arthropod, bats, humans or a sheep. Three sequences exhibited maximum identities with a bat circovirus, whilst a single sequence could not be assigned to either genus. Using inverse nested PCRs, the complete genomes of mongoose associated circoviruses (Mon-1, -29 and -66) and cycloviruses (Mon-20, -24, -32, -58, -60 and -62) were determined. Mon-1, -20, -24, -29, -32 and -66 shared <80% maximum genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with circoviruses/cycloviruses from other animals/sources, and were assigned to novel circovirus, or cyclovirus species. Mon-58, -60 and -62 shared maximum pairwise identities of 79.90–80.20% with human and bat cycloviruses, which were borderline to the cut-off identity value for assigning novel cycloviral species. Despite high genetic diversity, the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses retained the various features that are conserved among members of the family Circoviridae, such as presence of the putative origin of replication (ori) in the 5′-intergenic region, conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein and an arginine rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein. Since only fecal samples were tested, and mongooses are polyphagous predators, we could not determine whether the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses were of dietary origin, or actually infected the host. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and complete genome analysis of circoviruses/cycloviruses in the small Indian mongoose, warranting further studies in other species of mongooses.
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Tuong NM, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Detection and molecular characterization of two canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating in Vietnam. Vet Q 2021; 41:232-241. [PMID: 34380001 PMCID: PMC8386738 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1967511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine circovirus is reported in dogs in many countries, including the USA, China and Thailand. It has been detected in healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and vasculitis. It comprises five genotypes and is frequently found as a coinfection with canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Aim To characterize canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating with CPV-2 in Vietnam. Method PCR assessment of 81 CPV-2-positive fecal samples from Vietnamese diarrheic dogs up to seven months of age for other viral enteric pathogens, including canine bocavirus, canine adenovirus, paramyxovirus, canine coronavirus, porcine circovirus-3 and canine circovirus. In addition, eight selected full genome sequences of Vietnamese canine circovirus were analyzed and used for phylogeny. Results In total 19.8% of samples were found to be positive for canine circovirus. Phylogeny revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus strains were clustered in two different genotypes (genotype-1 and -3). The genetic diversity among Vietnamese canine circovirus was 86.0–87.2%. The nucleotide discrepancy among both genotypes altered the deduced amino acid sequence in 14 and ten residues of the replicase and capsid proteins, respectively. Genetic recombination analysis revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus-6 strain has the American and Chinese canine circovirus as its major and minor parents, respectively. Only a single dog revealed triple detections of CPV-2c, Canine circovirus and canine adenovirus (1.2%). Conclusion The co-circulation of two different genotypes of canine circovirus and CPV-2c in dogs in Vietnam has been illustrated. Clinical relevance The mortality rate with CPV-2 only (22%) doubled in dogs with canine circovirus and CPV-2 co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Tuong
- International Graduate Program in Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jain P, Joshi A, Akhtar N, Krishnan S, Kaushik V. An immunoinformatics study: designing multivalent T-cell epitope vaccine against canine circovirus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 34406518 PMCID: PMC8371590 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine circovirus is a deadly pathogen of dogs and causes vasculitis and hemorrhagic enteritis. It causes lethal gastroenteritis in pigs, fox, and dogs. Canine circovirus genome contains two main (and opposite) transcription units which encode two open reading frames (ORFs), a replicase-associated protein (Rep) and the capsid (Cap) protein. The replicase protein and capsid protein consist of 303 amino acids and 270 amino acids respectively. Several immuno-informatics methods such as epitope screening, molecular docking, and molecular-dynamics simulations were used to craft peptide-based vaccine construct against canine circovirus. RESULTS The vaccine construct was designed by joining the selected epitopes with adjuvants by suitable linker. The cloning and expression of the vaccine construct was also performed using in silico methods. Screening of epitopes was conducted by NetMHC server that uses ANN (Artificial neural networking) algorithm. These methods are fast and cost-effective for screening epitopes that can interact with dog leukocyte antigens (DLA) and initiate an immune response. Overall, 5 epitopes, YQHLPPFRF, YIRAKWINW, ALYRRLTLI, HLQGFVNLK, and GTMNFVARR, were selected and used to design a vaccine construct. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that these epitopes can bind with DLA molecules with stability. The codon adaptation and in silico cloning studies show that the vaccine can be expressed by Escherichia coli K12 strain. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the vaccine construct can be useful in preventing the dogs from canine circovirus infections. However, the results need further validation by performing other in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jain
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kaushik
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Detection of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3013-3021. [PMID: 34402973 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several novel circular single-stranded DNA viruses have been detected in various mammals, birds, insects, and environmental samples using metagenomic and high-throughput sequencing approaches. In this study, we tested for the presence of circoviruses in 243 bat fecal samples collected between 2018 and 2019 from 48 sampling sites across Korea. To detect circoviruses, nested PCR was performed with degenerate primers targeting a conserved replication-associated protein (rep) gene of circovirus/cyclovirus. Among 243 samples tested, a total of 37 fecal samples from 14 sampling sites were PCR-positive for circoviruses at a frequency rate of 15.23%. We obtained 36 partial rep gene sequences of circoviruses and one complete genome sequence of bat-associated circovirus 12, encompassing a genome size of 2097 nt containing two inversely arranged open reading frames and a conserved nonamer sequence in the apex of a stem-loop structure. In addition, we found four bat species that were harboring circoviruses in Korea based on species identification PCR of circovirus-positive bat fecal samples. Detailed sequence analysis indicated that the bat-associated circovirus sequences identified in this study were related to those of known bat and avian groups of circoviruses. Herein, we report evidence for the presence of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats.
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Franzo G, Menandro ML, Tucciarone CM, Barbierato G, Crovato L, Mondin A, Libanora M, Obber F, Orusa R, Robetto S, Citterio C, Grassi L. Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081002. [PMID: 34451466 PMCID: PMC8400258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source for dogs. Nevertheless, no data were available on its circulation in the Alps region of Northern Italy. In the present study, samples collected from 186 foxes in the period 2009–2020 from Valle d’Aosta and Veneto regions were tested using a real-time PCR assay, demonstrating a viral circulation of approximatively 2–5%, depending on the considered regions. Two complete or almost complete genome sequences were obtained, highlighting that the detected strains were part of a so defined “fox only” clade, which suggests that, despite common contact opportunities, Alps foxes are not involved in frequent transmission events to domestic dogs. Such genetic isolation could be at least partially attributed to some sort of independent evolution occurred in the foxes, leading to species barrier. Additionally, CanineCV strains in foxes from Italy were unexpectedly related to those previously identified in foxes from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian area. Combining the history of fox distribution in Europe since the last glacial maximum (LGM) with the viral history allowed us to speculate a long-standing coexistence between European canine circovirus and this host, justifying the peculiar geographic distribution and evolutionary paths of the fox infecting clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-2968
| | - Maria Luisa Menandro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Giacomo Barbierato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Crovato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Mondin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Martina Libanora
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Obber
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- S.C. Valle d.’Aosta—National Reference Centre Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZS PLV)—Ce.R.M.A.S., 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (R.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Serena Robetto
- S.C. Valle d.’Aosta—National Reference Centre Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZS PLV)—Ce.R.M.A.S., 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (R.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Carlo Citterio
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Grassi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
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Integrated Use of Molecular Techniques to Detect and Genetically Characterise DNA Viruses in Italian Wolves ( Canis lupus italicus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082198. [PMID: 34438655 PMCID: PMC8388400 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our study, different quantitative and qualitative molecular techniques were used to detect and genetically characterise Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2), and Canine circovirus (CanineCV) in Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) of the Italian Apennines. Carnivore protoparvoviruses were the most frequently detected viruses, followed by CanineCV and CAdV. All the wolves tested positive for at least one of the DNA viruses screened, and 47.8% of the subjects were coinfected with two or three viruses. From viral sequences analysis, close correlations emerged between the viruses identified in the wolves and those circulating in domestic dogs, suggesting that the same viruses infect wolves and domestic dogs. Further studies are needed to investigate if pathogens are transmitted between the two species. Abstract In this study, internal organs (tongue, intestine, and spleen) of 23 free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) found dead between 2017 and 2019 were tested for Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, Canine adenovirus (CAdV), and Canine circovirus (CanineCV) using real-time PCR assays. Genetic characterisation of the identified viruses was carried out by amplification, sequencing, and analysis of the complete viral genome or informative viral genes. All the wolves tested positive for at least one of the DNA viruses screened, and 11/23 were coinfected. Carnivore protoparvoviruses were the most frequently detected viruses (21/23), followed by CanineCV (11/23) and CAdV (4/23). From the analysis of the partial VP2 gene of 13 carnivore protoparvoviruses, 12 were canine parvovirus type 2b, closely related to the strains detected in dogs and wild carnivores from Italy, and one was a feline panleukopenia-like virus. Of the four CAdV identified, two were CAdV-1 and two were CAdV-2. The complete genome of seven CanineCVs was sequenced and related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves, and foxes worldwide. Close correlations emerged between the viruses identified in wolves and those circulating in domestic dogs. Further studies are needed to investigate if these pathogens may be potentially cross-transmitted between the two species.
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Zhou J, Dai Y, Lin C, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Dong W, Jin Y, Yan Y, Zhou J, Gu J. Nucleolar protein NPM1 is essential for circovirus replication by binding to viral capsid. Virulence 2021; 11:1379-1393. [PMID: 33073687 PMCID: PMC7575006 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1832366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry of circovirus into the host cell nucleus is essential for viral replication during the early stage of infection. However, the mechanisms by which nucleolar shuttle proteins are used during viral replication is still not well understood. Here, we report a previously unidentified nucleolar localization signal in circovirus capsid protein (Cap), and that circovirus hijacks the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) to facilitate its replication. Colocalization analysis showed that NPM1 translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm during viral infection. Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that Cap interacts directly with NPM1. Binding domain mapping showed that the arginine-rich N-terminal motif 1MTYPRRRYRRRRHRPRSHLG20 of Cap, and residue serine-48 of the N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1, are essential for the interaction. Virus rescue experiments showed that all arginine to alanine substitution in the N-terminal arginine-rich motif of Cap resulted in diminished viral replication. Knockdown of NPM1 and substitution of serine-48 in NPM1 to glutamic acid also decreased viral replication. In addition, binding assays showed that the arginine-rich motif of Cap is a nucleolar localization signal. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that circovirus protein Cap is a nucleolus-located, and regulates viral replication by directly binding to NPM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yadong Dai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Cui Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zixuan Feng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Collaborative innovation center and State Key laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Wang L, Li Y, Guo Z, Yi Y, Zhang H, Shangguan H, Huang C, Ge J. Genetic changes and evolutionary analysis of canine circovirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2235-2247. [PMID: 34104994 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (canineCV) has been found to be associated with vasculitis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic enteritis, and diarrhea of canines. CanineCV, like other circoviruses, may also be associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression. This circovirus has been detected worldwide in different countries and species. Recombination and mutation events in the canineCV genome have been described, indicating that the virus is continuing to evolve. However, the origin, codon usage patterns, and host adaptation of canineCV remain to be studied. Here, the coding sequences of 93 canineCV sequences available in the GenBank database were used for analysis. The results showed that canineCV sequences could be classified into five genotypes, as confirmed by phylogenetic and principal component analysis (PCA). Maximum clade credibility (MCC) and maximum-likelihood (ML) trees suggested that canineCV originated from bat circovirus. G/T and A/C nucleotide biases were observed in ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, and a low codon usage bias (CUB) was found in canineCV using an effective number of codon (ENC) analysis. Correlation analysis, ENC plot analysis and neutrality plot analysis indicated that the codon usage pattern was mainly shaped by natural selection. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis, relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) analysis, and similarity index (SiD) analysis revealed a better adaption to Vulpes vulpes than to Canis familiaris. Furthermore, a cross-species transmission hypothesis that canineCV may have evolved from bats (origin analysis) and subsequently adapted to wolves, arctic foxes, dogs, and red foxes, was proposed. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors related to canineCV evolution and host adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chengshi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Hui A, Altan E, Slovis N, Fletcher C, Deng X, Delwart E. Circovirus in Blood of a Febrile Horse with Hepatitis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050944. [PMID: 34065502 PMCID: PMC8161410 DOI: 10.3390/v13050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses infect vertebrates where they can result in a wide range of disease signs or in asymptomatic infections. Using viral metagenomics we analyzed a pool of five sera from four healthy and one sick horse. Sequences from parvovirus-H, equus anellovirus, and distantly related to mammalian circoviruses were recognized. PCR identified the circovirus reads as originating from a pregnant mare with fever and hepatitis. That horse's serum was also positive by real time PCR for equine parvovirus H and negative for the flavivirus equine hepacivirus. The complete circular genome of equine circovirus 1 strain Charaf (EqCV1-Charaf) was completed using PCR and Sanger sequencing. EqCV1 replicase showed 73-74% identity to those of their closest relatives, pig circoviruses 1/2, and elk circovirus. The closest capsid proteins were from the same ungulate circoviruses with 62-63% identity. The overall nucleotide identity of 72% to its closest relative indicates that EqCV1 is a new species in the Circovirus genus, the first reported in genus Equus. Whether EqCV1 alone or in co-infections can result in disease and its prevalence in different equine populations will require further studies now facilitated using EqCV1's genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Hui
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (A.H.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (A.H.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Nathan Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40361, USA; (N.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Caitlin Fletcher
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40361, USA; (N.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (A.H.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (A.H.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Li J, Li H, Zhang Y, Dong W, Jin Y, Yan Y, Gu J, Zhou J. The serine-48 residue of nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin-1 plays critical role in subcellular localization and interaction with porcine circovirus type 3 capsid protein. Vet Res 2021; 52:4. [PMID: 33413620 PMCID: PMC7792357 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of circovirus capsid protein into nucleus is essential for viral replication in infected cell. However, the role of nucleolar shuttle proteins during porcine circovirus 3 capsid protein (PCV3 Cap) import is still not understood. Here, we report a previously unidentified nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) of PCV3 Cap, which hijacks the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) to facilitate nucleolar localization of PCV3 Cap. The NoLS of PCV3 Cap and serine-48 residue of N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1 are essential for PCV3 Cap/NPM1 interaction. In addition, charge property of serine-48 residue of NPM1 is critical for nucleolar localization and interaction with PCV3 Cap. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that NPM1 interacts with PCV3 Cap and is responsible for its nucleolar localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Haimin Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Alex CE, Fahsbender E, Altan E, Bildfell R, Wolff P, Jin L, Black W, Jackson K, Woods L, Munk B, Tse T, Delwart E, Pesavento PA. Viruses in unexplained encephalitis cases in American black bears (Ursus americanus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244056. [PMID: 33332429 PMCID: PMC7745964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections were investigated in American black bears (Ursus americanus) from Nevada and northern California with and without idiopathic encephalitis. Metagenomics analyses of tissue pools revealed novel viruses in the genera Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Polyomaviridae, and Papillomaviridae. The circovirus and parvovirus were of particular interest due to their potential importance as pathogens. We characterized the genomes of these viruses and subsequently screened bears by PCR to determine their prevalence. The circovirus (Ursus americanus circovirus, UaCV) was detected at a high prevalence (10/16, 67%), and the chaphamaparvovirus (Ursus americanus parvovirus, UaPV) was found in a single bear. We showed that UaCV is present in liver, spleen/lymph node, and brain tissue of selected cases by in situ hybridization (ISH) and PCR. Infections were detected in cases of idiopathic encephalitis and in cases without inflammatory brain lesions. Infection status was not clearly correlated with disease, and the significance of these infections remains unclear. Given the known pathogenicity of a closely related mammalian circovirus, and the complex manifestations of circovirus-associated diseases, we suggest that UaCV warrants further study as a possible cause or contributor to disease in American black bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Alex
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Bildfell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peregrine Wolff
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Wendy Black
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Munk
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Tse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Weber M, Mosena A, da Silva M, Canova R, de Lorenzo C, Olegário J, Budaszewski R, Baumbach L, Soares J, Sonne L, Varela A, Mayer F, de Oliveira L, Canal C. Virome of crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) from southern Brazil and Uruguay. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104421. [PMID: 32580027 PMCID: PMC7306396 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) are wild canids distributed in South America. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wild canids may share viral pathogens, including rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). To characterize the virome of these wild canid species, the present work evaluated the spleen and mesenteric lymph node virome of 17 crab-eating and five Pampas foxes using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Organ samples were pooled and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Additional PCR analyses were performed to identify the frequencies and host origin for each virus detected by HTS. Sequences more closely related to the Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae and Anelloviridae families were detected, as well as circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. CDV was found only in crab-eating foxes, whereas CPV-2 was found in both canid species; both viruses were closely related to sequences reported in domestic dogs from southern Brazil. Moreover, the present work reported the detection of canine bocavirus (CBoV) strains that were genetically divergent from CBoV-1 and 2 lineages. Finally, we also characterized CRESS DNA viruses and anelloviruses with marked diversity. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding wild canid viruses that can potentially be shared with domestic canids or other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.C.S. Mosena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M.S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R. Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. de Lorenzo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.C. Olegário
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R.F. Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.F. Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.F. Soares
- Laboratório Protozoologia e Riquettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L. Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.P.M. Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F.Q. Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.G.S. de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - C.W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Av Bento Gonçalves 9090, Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Giraldo-Ramirez S, Rendon-Marin S, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. First detection and full genomic analysis of Canine Circovirus in CPV-2 infected dogs in Colombia, South America. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17579. [PMID: 33067527 PMCID: PMC7567816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus which since its first report in USA in 2012, it has been described worldwide. It was the second mammalian circovirus species identified in dogs and its role in canine enteritis is still being uncertain as much as its association in disease with the Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Here, we aim to confirm for the first time the presence of CanineCV in Colombia and to develop phylogenetic evolutive analyses of CanineCV in CPV-2 positive animals. DNA from samples were extracted and PCR, full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CanineCV. From a total of 30 CPV-2 positive samples, 16.6% (n = 5) were positives for CanineCV. Sequencing analysis of Colombian CanineCV wild-type strains displayed high identity to each other (99.5–99.7% nt; 99.7% aa). The full genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that worldwide reported CanineCV strains were separated into four distinct genotypes in addition to a European origin of the South American CanineCV strains. This study demonstrated the importance of continue surveillance of emerging viruses in canine populations and confirm for the first time the circulation and origin of CanineCV in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Giraldo-Ramirez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S Vargas-Bermudez
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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47
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Payne N, Kraberger S, Fontenele RS, Schmidlin K, Bergeman MH, Cassaigne I, Culver M, Varsani A, Van Doorslaer K. Novel Circoviruses Detected in Feces of Sonoran Felids. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091027. [PMID: 32942563 PMCID: PMC7551060 DOI: 10.3390/v12091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonoran felids are threatened by drought and habitat fragmentation. Vector range expansion and anthropogenic factors such as habitat encroachment and climate change are altering viral evolutionary dynamics and exposure. However, little is known about the diversity of viruses present in these populations. Small felid populations with lower genetic diversity are likely to be most threatened with extinction by emerging diseases, as with other selective pressures, due to having less adaptive potential. We used a metagenomic approach to identify novel circoviruses, which may have a negative impact on the population viability, from confirmed bobcat (Lynx rufus) and puma (Puma concolor) scats collected in Sonora, Mexico. Given some circoviruses are known to cause disease in their hosts, such as porcine and avian circoviruses, we took a non-invasive approach using scat to identify circoviruses in free-roaming bobcats and puma. Three circovirus genomes were determined, and, based on the current species demarcation, they represent two novel species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that one circovirus species is more closely related to rodent associated circoviruses and the other to bat associated circoviruses, sharing highest genome-wide pairwise identity of approximately 70% and 63%, respectively. At this time, it is unknown whether these scat-derived circoviruses infect felids, their prey, or another organism that might have had contact with the scat in the environment. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the host of these viruses and assess health impacts in felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Payne
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Rafaela S Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Melissa H Bergeman
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | | | - Melanie Culver
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (K.V.D.)
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- The BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (K.V.D.)
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Wang Y, Li Y, Cui Y, Jiang S, Liu G, Wang J, Li Y. Establishment of a duplex SYBR green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of canine circovirus and canine astrovirus. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 54:101666. [PMID: 32919029 PMCID: PMC7481260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The similar clinical characteristics of canine circovirus (CaCV) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV) infections and high frequency of co-infection make diagnosis difficult. In this study, a duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was established for the rapid, simultaneous detection of CaCV and CaAstV. Two pairs of specific primers were designed based on the Rep gene of CaCV and the Cap gene of CaAstV. By using the real-time PCR assay method, the two viruses can be distinguished by the difference in melting temperatures, 79 °C and 86 °C for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively. This assay had high specificity, showing no cross-reaction with other common canine viruses, as well as high sensitivity, with minimum detection limits of 9.25 × 101 copies/μL and 6.15 × 101 copies/μL for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively. Based on the mean coefficient of variation, the method had good reproducibility and reliability. In a clinical test of 57 fecal samples, the rates of positive detection by real-time PCR were 14.04% (8/57) and 12.28% (7/57) for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively, and the rate of co-infection was 8.77% (5/57). In conclusion, the newly established duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay is sensitive, specific, reliable, and rapid and is an effective tool for the detection of co-infections with CaCV and CaAstV. A duplex SYBR Green I based real-time PCR assay was established for CaCV and CaAstV. Specific primers targeting Rep of CaCV and Cap of CaAstV were designed. The assay had high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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Urbani L, Tryland M, Ehrich D, Fuglei E, Battilani M, Balboni A. Ancient origin and genetic segregation of canine circovirus infecting arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Svalbard and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Norway. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1283-1293. [PMID: 32786111 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a relatively new viral species, belonging to the family Circoviridae, whose pathogenic role is still uncertain. Since its first description in one domestic dog in 2011 from the USA, several reports have been documenting its distribution worldwide. Recently, CanineCV was also detected in wild animals such as wolves, foxes and badgers. In order to investigate the presence and the genetic characteristics of CanineCV in foxes of Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions, the presence of CanineCV DNA in internal organs (liver and spleen) of 51 arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard archipelago and 59 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northern Norway, sampled from 1996 to 2001 and from 2014 to 2018, respectively, was screened by real-time PCR. CanineCV was detected in 11/51 arctic foxes and in 10/59 red foxes, backdating the circulation of the virus at least to 1996 in the arctic fox population. The complete genome of 14 identified CanineCV was sequenced and analysed showing an identity higher than 80.8% with the reference strains available to date. According to the species demarcation threshold of 80% genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity for members of the family Circoviridae provided by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), all the CanineCV belong to a single species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the CanineCV were subdivided into five main clusters with one including only CanineCV identified in foxes. Furthermore, CanineCV identified in arctic foxes and red foxes formed two distinct lineages. From these data, we hypothesize that the viral transmission did not occur between the two species of foxes as a consequence of the lack of contact between the two hosts or that the virus acquired mutations in the time elapsed between the samplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morten Tryland
- Arctic Infection Biology, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dorothee Ehrich
- Arctic Infection Biology, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Fuglei
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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50
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