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Heyne E, Zeeb S, Junker C, Petzinna A, Schrepper A, Doenst T, Koch LG, Britton SL, Schwarzer M. Exercise Training Differentially Affects Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Rats with Inherited High or Low Exercise Capacity. Cells 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38474357 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise capacity has been related to morbidity and mortality. It consists of an inherited and an acquired part and is dependent on mitochondrial function. We assessed skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in rats with divergent inherited exercise capacity and analyzed the effect of exercise training. Female high (HCR)- and low (LCR)-capacity runners were trained with individually adapted high-intensity intervals or kept sedentary. Interfibrillar (IFM) and subsarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria from gastrocnemius muscle were isolated and functionally assessed (age: 15 weeks). Sedentary HCR presented with higher exercise capacity than LCR paralleled by higher citrate synthase activity and IFM respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle of HCR. Exercise training increased exercise capacity in both HCR and LCR, but this was more pronounced in LCR. In addition, exercise increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass more in LCR. Instead, maximal respiratory capacity was increased following exercise in HCRs' IFM only. The results suggest that differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial subpopulations are mainly inherited. Exercise training resulted in different mitochondrial adaptations and in higher trainability of LCR. HCR primarily increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality while LCR increased mitochondrial quantity in response to exercise training, suggesting that inherited aerobic exercise capacity differentially affects the mitochondrial response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Zeeb
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Celina Junker
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzinna
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Štursová P, Budinská X, Nováková Z, Dobšák P, Babula P. Sports activities and cardiovascular system change. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S429-S444. [PMID: 38165749 PMCID: PMC10861254 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports activity is generally considered to be beneficial to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. Sports activities significantly affect the cardiovascular system. A number of studies show that they significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as decrease cardiovascular mortality. This review discusses changes in various cardiovascular parameters in athletes - vagotonia/bradycardia, hypertrophy of heart, ECG changes, blood pressure, and variability of cardiovascular parameters. Because of its relationship to the cardiovascular system, VO2max, which is widely used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, particularly in relation to changes in the cardiovascular system in athletes. The review appropriately summarizes the above issues and points out some new implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Štursová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Pang B, Jiang YR, Xu JY, Shao DX, Hao LY. Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175727. [PMID: 37062502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most significant public health problems faced by millions of medical researchers worldwide. And pathological cardiac hypertrophy is considered one of the possible factors of increasing the risk of heart failure. Here, we introduce apelin/ELABELA-APJ system as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy, bringing about new directions in clinical treatment. Apelin has been proven to regulate cardiac hypertrophy through various pathways. And an increasing number of studies on ELABELA, the newly discovered endogenous ligand, suggest it can alleviate cardiac hypertrophy through mechanisms similar or different to apelin. In this review, we elaborate on the role that apelin/ELABELA-APJ system plays in cardiac hypertrophy and the intricate mechanisms that apelin/ELABELA-APJ affect cardiac hypertrophy. We also illuminate and make comparisons of the newly designed peptides and small molecules as agonists and antagonists for APJ, updating the breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yin-Ru Jiang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jia-Yao Xu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Dong-Xue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Li-Ying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Kolomeyets NL, Ivonin AG, Peshkin EA, Roshchevskaya IM. Bioelectrical Impedance of the Left Ventricular Myocardium, Lung in Rats after Forced Swimming Training and Subsequent Detraining. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Hastings MH, Herrera JJ, Guseh JS, Atlason B, Houstis NE, Abdul Kadir A, Li H, Sheffield C, Singh AP, Roh JD, Day SM, Rosenzweig A. Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons. Circ Res 2022; 130:1994-2014. [PMID: 35679366 PMCID: PMC9202075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic animal models of exercise are commonly used in research. Acute exercise testing is used, often in combination with genetic, pharmacological, or other manipulations, to study the impact of these manipulations on the cardiovascular response to exercise and to detect impairments or improvements in cardiovascular function that may not be evident at rest. Chronic exercise conditioning models are used to study the cardiac phenotypic response to regular exercise training and as a platform for discovery of novel pathways mediating cardiovascular benefits conferred by exercise conditioning that could be exploited therapeutically. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well established, and, frequently, molecular manipulations that mimic the pathway changes induced by exercise recapitulate at least some of its benefits. This review discusses approaches for assessing cardiovascular function during an acute exercise challenge in rodents, as well as practical and conceptual considerations in the use of common rodent exercise conditioning models. The case for studying feeding in the Burmese python as a model for exercise-like physiological adaptation is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.J.H.)
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Bjarni Atlason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Cedric Sheffield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Anand P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jason D Roh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine' University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
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Jasaputra DK, Lucretia T, Ray HRD, Kwee L, Gunawan D, Edwinanto L, Viona SI, Goenawan H, Lesmana R, Gunadi JW. Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Alters Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Adaptation. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:210-217. [PMID: 35234011 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.210.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cardiomyocyte adaptation to exercise might require ROS as a central regulator. There is a limited study regarding the importance of ROS for inducing exercise-induced adaptation and its correlations with changes in histological scoring of cardiac muscles. The study aimed to explore the importance of physiological ROS induced by exercise and its correlation with Cardiomyocyte' histological appearance that is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves extract in Wistar rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This was an animal experimental study, which use 4 groups of 24 Wistar rats divided into Control (Co), <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract (Mo), Exercise (Ex) and a combination of <i>Moringa </i>leaves extract and Exercise (MoEx). The <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract were given orally, 5 days a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The exercise was given in moderate intensity, 5 days a week, also for 4 consecutive weeks. <b>Results:</b> This study found significant differences in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio in Ex group compared to the control. As for histology scoring, found that MoEx group has 16.7% cardiac hypertrophy and myofiber disarray compared to 83.3% mild hypertrophy and 50% mild disarray in Ex group. <b>Conclusion:</b> In summary, the study showed that the potential central role of exercise-induced physiological ROS for cardiac hypertrophy adaptation is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera </i>leaves extract treatment.
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Pelozin BRA, Soci UPR, Gomes JLP, Oliveira EM, Fernandes T. mTOR signaling-related microRNAs as cardiac hypertrophy modulators in high-volume endurance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:126-139. [PMID: 34792404 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00881.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (ET) promotes cardiovascular adaptations, including physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlying these changes are unclear. The study aimed to elucidate specific miRNAs and target genes involved with the Akt/mTOR signaling in high-volume ET-induced LVH. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: sedentary control (SC), trained protocol 1 (P1), and trained protocol 2 (P2). P1 consisted of 60 minutes/day of swimming, 5x/week, for 10 weeks. P2 consisted of the same protocol as P1 until the 8th week; in the 9th week, rats trained 2x/day, and in the 10th week, trained 3x/day. Subsequently, structure and molecular parameters were evaluated in the heart. Trained groups demonstrate higher values to VO2 peak, exercise tolerance, and LVH in a volume-dependent manner. The miRNA-26a-5p levels were higher in P1 and P2 compared to SC group (150±15%, d=1.8; 148±16%, d=1.7; and 100±7%, respectively, P < 0.05). In contrast, miRNA-16-5p levels were lower in P1 and P2 compared to SC group (69±5%, d=2.3, P < 0.01; 37±4%, d=5.6, P < 0.001 and 100±6%, respectively). Additionally, miRNA-16-5p knockdown and miRNA-26a-5p overexpression significantly promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Both miRNAs were selected, using Diana Tolls bioinformatics website, for acting in the mTOR signaling pathway. The protein expression of Akt, mTOR, p70S6k, and 4E-BP1 were greater in P1 and even more pronounced in P2. Nonetheless, GSK3β protein expression was lower in trained groups. Together, these molecular changes may contribute to a pronounced physiological LVH observed in high-volume aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R A Pelozin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ursula Paula Reno Soci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João L P Gomes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Increased Expression of N2BA Titin Corresponds to More Compliant Myofibrils in Athlete's Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011110. [PMID: 34681770 PMCID: PMC8537917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise induces physiological cardiac adaptation, a condition referred to as athlete’s heart. Exercise tolerance is known to be associated with decreased cardiac passive stiffness. Passive stiffness of the heart muscle is determined by the giant elastic protein titin. The adult cardiac muscle contains two titin isoforms: the more compliant N2BA and the stiffer N2B. Titin-based passive stiffness may be controlled by altering the expression of the different isoforms or via post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Currently, there is very limited knowledge about titin’s role in cardiac adaptation during long-term exercise. Our aim was to determine the N2BA/N2B ratio and post-translational phosphorylation of titin in the left ventricle and to correlate the changes with the structure and transverse stiffness of cardiac sarcomeres in a rat model of an athlete’s heart. The athlete’s heart was induced by a 12-week-long swim-based training. In the exercised myocardium the N2BA/N2B ratio was significantly increased, Ser11878 of the PEVK domain was hypophosphorlyated, and the sarcomeric transverse elastic modulus was reduced. Thus, the reduced passive stiffness in the athlete’s heart is likely caused by a shift towards the expression of the longer cardiac titin isoform and a phosphorylation-induced softening of the PEVK domain which is manifested in a mechanical rearrangement locally, within the cardiac sarcomere.
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Wakefield ZR, Tanaka M, Pampo C, Lepler S, Rice L, Guingab-Cagmat J, Garrett TJ, Siemann DW. Normal tissue and tumor microenvironment adaptations to aerobic exercise enhance doxorubicin anti-tumor efficacy and ameliorate its cardiotoxicity in retired breeder mice. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1737-1748. [PMID: 34504647 PMCID: PMC8416558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is receiving increased recognition in oncology for its multiple purported benefits. Exercise is known to induce physiologic adaptations that improve patient quality-of-life parameters as well as all-cause mortality. There also is a growing body of evidence that exercise may directly alter the tumor microenvironment to influence tumor growth, metastasis, and response to anticancer therapies. Furthermore, the physiologic adaptations to exercise in normal tissues may protect against treatment-associated toxicity and allow for greater treatment tolerance. However, the exercise prescription required to induce these beneficial tumor-related outcomes remains unclear. This study characterized the aerobic adaptations to voluntary wheel running in normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment. Female, retired breeder BALB/c mice and syngeneic breast adenocarcinoma cells were utilized in primary tumor and metastasis models. Aerobic exercise was found to induce numerous adaptations across various tissues in these mice, although primary tumor growth and metastasis were largely unaffected. However, intratumoral hypoxia and global metabolism were altered in the tumors of exercising hosts relative to non-wheel running controls. Doxorubicin chemotherapy also was found to be more efficacious at delaying tumor growth with adjuvant aerobic exercise. Additionally, doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity was ameliorated in exercising hosts relative to non-wheel running controls. Taken together, these data suggest that the normal tissue and tumor microenvironment adaptations to aerobic exercise can improve doxorubicin efficacy while simultaneously limiting its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Wakefield
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christine Pampo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sharon Lepler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lori Rice
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joy Guingab-Cagmat
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Wang M, Guo X. Prediction of exercise sudden death in rabbit exhaustive swimming using deep neural network. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:87. [PMID: 34461905 PMCID: PMC8404258 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Moderate exercise contributes to good health. However, excessive exercise may lead to cardiac fatigue, myocardial damage and even exercise sudden death. Monitoring the heart health has important implication to prevent exercise sudden death. Diagnosis methods such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, blood pressure and histological analysis have shown that arrhythmia and left ventricular fibrosis are early warning symptoms of exercise sudden death. Heart sounds (HS) can reflect the changes of cardiac valve, cardiac blood flow and myocardial function. Deep learning has drawn wide attention because of its ability to recognize disease. Therefore, a deep learning method combined with HS was proposed to predict exercise sudden death in New Zealand rabbits. The objective is to develop a method to predict exercise sudden death in New Zealand rabbits. Methods This paper proposed a method to predict exercise sudden death in New Zealand rabbits based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The weight-bearing exhaustive swimming experiment was conducted to obtain the HS of exercise sudden death and surviving New Zealand rabbits (n = 11/10) at four different time points. Then, the improved Viola integral method and double threshold method were employed to segment HS signals. The segmented HS frames at different time points were taken as the input of a combined CNN and GRU called CNN–GRU network to complete the prediction of exercise sudden death. Results In order to evaluate the performance of proposed network, CNN and GRU were used for comparison. When the fourth time point segmented HS frames were taken as input, the result shows that the proposed network has better performance with an accuracy of 89.57%, a sensitivity of 89.38% and a specificity of 92.20%. In addition, the segmented HS frames at different time points were input into CNN–GRU network, and the result shows that with the progress of the experiment, the prediction accuracy of exercise sudden death in New Zealand rabbits increased from 50.98 to 89.57%. Conclusion The proposed network shows good performance in classifying HS, which proves the feasibility of deep learning in exploring exercise sudden death. Further, it may have important implications in helping humans explore exercise sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xingming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Tokodi M, Oláh A, Fábián A, Lakatos BK, Hizoh I, Ruppert M, Sayour AA, Barta BA, Kiss O, Sydó N, Csulak E, Ladányi Z, Merkely B, Kovács A, Radovits T. Novel insights into the athlete's heart: is myocardial work the new champion of systolic function? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:188-197. [PMID: 34432004 PMCID: PMC8788018 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We sought to investigate the correlation between speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived myocardial work (MW) and invasively measured contractility in a rat model of athlete's heart. We also assessed MW in elite athletes and explored its association with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived aerobic capacity. Methods and results Sixteen rats underwent a 12-week swim training program and were compared to controls (n = 16). STE was performed to assess global longitudinal strain (GLS), which was followed by invasive pressure-volume analysis to measure contractility [slope of end-systolic pressure–volume relationship (ESPVR)]. Global MW index (GMWI) was calculated from GLS curves and left ventricular (LV) pressure recordings. In the human investigations, 20 elite swimmers and 20 healthy sedentary controls were enrolled. GMWI was calculated through the simultaneous evaluation of GLS and non-invasively approximated LV pressure curves at rest. All subjects underwent CPET to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2/kg). Exercised rats exhibited higher values of GLS, GMWI, and ESPVR than controls (−20.9 ± 1.7 vs. −17.6 ± 1.9%, 2745 ± 280 vs. 2119 ± 272 mmHg·%, 3.72 ± 0.72 vs. 2.61 ± 0.40 mmHg/μL, all PExercise < 0.001). GMWI correlated robustly with ESPVR (r = 0.764, P < 0.001). In humans, regular exercise training was associated with decreased GLS (−17.6 ± 1.5 vs. −18.8 ± 0.9%, PExercise = 0.002) but increased values of GMWI at rest (1899 ± 136 vs. 1755 ± 234 mmHg·%, PExercise = 0.025). GMWI exhibited a positive correlation with VO2/kg (r = 0.527, P < 0.001). Conclusions GMWI precisely reflected LV contractility in a rat model of exercise-induced LV hypertrophy and captured the supernormal systolic performance in human athletes even at rest. Our findings endorse the utilization of MW analysis in the evaluation of the athlete’s heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Tokodi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fábián
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Bálint Károly Lakatos
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - István Hizoh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Bálint András Barta
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Nóra Sydó
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Emese Csulak
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Ladányi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest 1122, Hungary
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12
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Fan Y, Coll-Font J, van den Boomen M, Kim JH, Chen S, Eder RA, Roche ET, Nguyen CT. Characterization of Exercise-Induced Myocardium Growth Using Finite Element Modeling and Bayesian Optimization. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694940. [PMID: 34434115 PMCID: PMC8381603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte growth can occur in both physiological (exercised-induced) and pathological (e.g., volume overload and pressure overload) conditions leading to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Studies using animal models and histology have demonstrated the growth and remodeling process at the organ level and tissue-cellular level, respectively. However, the driving factors of growth and the mechanistic link between organ, tissue, and cellular growth remains poorly understood. Computational models have the potential to bridge this gap by using constitutive models that describe the growth and remodeling process of the myocardium coupled with finite element (FE) analysis to model the biomechanics of the heart at the organ level. Using subject-specific imaging data of the LV geometry at two different time points, an FE model can be created with the inverse method to characterize the growth parameters of each subject. In this study, we developed a framework that takes in vivo cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging data of exercised porcine model and uses FE and Bayesian optimization to characterize myocardium growth in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The efficacy of this framework was demonstrated by successfully predicting growth parameters of 18 synthetic LV targeted masks which were generated from three LV porcine geometries. The framework was further used to characterize growth parameters in 4 swine subjects that had been exercised. The study suggested that exercise-induced growth in swine is prone to longitudinal cardiomyocyte growth (58.0 ± 19.6% after 6 weeks and 79.3 ± 15.6% after 12 weeks) compared to transverse growth (4.0 ± 8.0% after 6 weeks and 7.8 ± 9.4% after 12 weeks). This framework can be used to characterize myocardial growth in different phenotypes of LV hypertrophy and can be incorporated with other growth constitutive models to study different hypothetical growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fan
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jaume Coll-Font
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maaike van den Boomen
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan H. Kim
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Shi Chen
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Robert Alan Eder
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ellen T. Roche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Ellen T. Roche,
| | - Christopher T. Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Bioengineering and Imaging Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Christopher T. Nguyen,
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13
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Schwarzer M, Molis A, Schenkl C, Schrepper A, Britton SL, Koch LG, Doenst T. Genetically determined exercise capacity affects systemic glucose response to insulin in rats. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:395-405. [PMID: 34297615 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic exercise capacity is inversely related to morbidity and mortality as well as to insulin resistance. However, exercising in patients has led to conflicting results, presumably because aerobic exercise capacity consists of intrinsic (genetically determined) and extrinsic (environmentally determined) parts. The contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity is also not clear. We investigated sedentary and exercised (aerobic interval training) high (HCR) and low capacity runners (LCR) differing in their genetically determined aerobic exercise capacity to determine the contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS LCR and HCR differed in their untrained exercise capacity and body weight. Sedentary LCR displayed a diabetic phenotype with higher random glucose, lower glucose infusion rate during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamping than HCR. Echocardiography showed equal morphological and functional parameters and no change with exercise. Four weeks of exercise caused significant improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, which was more pronounced in LCR. However, with respect to glucose use, exercise affected HCR only. In these animals, exercise increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in gastrocnemius (+58.5 %, p= 0.1) and in epididymal fat (+106 %; p<0.05). Citrate synthase activity also increased in these tissues (gastrocnemius 69 % epididymal fat 63 %). CONCLUSION In our model of HCR and LCR, genetic predisposition for low exercise capacity is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and impedes exercise-induced improvements in insulin response. Our results suggest that genetic predisposition for low aerobic exercise capacity impairs insulin response, which may not be overcome by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Molis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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14
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Casin KM, Calvert JW. Harnessing the Benefits of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030383. [PMID: 33806545 PMCID: PMC8000539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. While various studies have shown the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing drugs, few have demonstrated the influence of endogenous H2S production. Modulating the predominant enzymatic sources of H2S-cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-is an emerging and promising research area. This review frames the discussion of harnessing endogenous H2S within the context of a non-ischemic form of cardiomyopathy, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Also, we examine the current literature around therapeutic interventions, such as intermittent fasting and exercise, that stimulate H2S production.
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15
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Yan Z, Zeng N, Li J, Liao T, Ni G. Cardiac Effects of Treadmill Running at Different Intensities in a Rat Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:774681. [PMID: 34912240 PMCID: PMC8667026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.774681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise training on cardiac hypertrophy, collagen deposition, echo parameters and serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in rats, and how they differ with various exercise intensities, hence exploring potential signal transduction. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR) groups. Each exercise group had 3 subgroups that were sacrificed for cardiac tissue analyses at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, and all rats participated in a daily 1 h treadmill routine 5 days per week. Echocardiographic measurements were performed 24 h after the last exercise session. Additionally, myocardium samples and blood were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. Changes in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Results: After a week of running, ventricular myocyte size and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the HIR group, while left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter values and LV relative wall thickness increased in the LIR and MIR groups. In addition, we observed heart enlargement, cTnI decrease, and ERK1/2 signal activation in each of the exercise groups after 4 weeks of running. However, the HIR group displayed substantial rupture and increased fibrosis in myocardial tissue. In addition, compared with the LIR and MIR groups, 8 weeks of HIR resulted in structural damage, fiber deposition, and increased cTnI. However, there was no difference in the activation of ERK1/2 signaling between the exercise and SED groups. Conclusion: The effect of running on cardiac hypertrophy was intensity dependent. In contrast to LIR and MIR, the cardiac hypertrophy induced by 8 weeks of HIR was characterized by potential cardiomyocyte injury, which increased the risk of pathological development. Furthermore, the ERK signaling pathway was mainly involved in the compensatory hypertrophy process of the myocardium in the early stage of exercise and was positively correlated with exercise load. However, long-term exercise may attenuate ERK signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jieting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Ni,
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16
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Abreu GV, Claudio ERG, Aguiar AF, Giordani MA, de Queiroz EAIF, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS, Sugizaki MM. Digoxin Combined with Aerobic Interval Training Improved Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:694-702. [PMID: 33321522 DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Digoxin is a cardiotonic that increases the cardiac output without causing deleterious effects on heart, as well as improves the left ventricular performance during physical exercise. We tested whether the association between chronic digoxin administration and aerobic interval training (AIT) promotes beneficial cardiovascular adaptations by improving the myocardial contractility and calcium (Ca2+) handling. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary control (C), interval training (T), sedentary digoxin (DIGO) and T associated to digoxin (TDIGO). AIT was performed on a treadmill (1h/day, 5 days/week) for 60 days, consisting of successive 8-min periods at 80% and 20% of VO2máx for 2 min. Digoxin was administered by orogastric gavage for 60 days. Left ventricle samples were collected to analysis of Ca2+ handling proteins; contractility and Ca2+ handling were performed on isolated cardiomyocytes. TDIGO group had a greater elevation in fractional shortening (44%) than DIGO, suggesting a cardiomyocyte contractile improvement. In addition, T or TDIGO groups showed no change in cardiomyocytes properties after Fura2-acetoxymethyl ester, as well as in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban and calcineurin expressions. The main findings indicate that association of digoxin and aerobic interval training improved the cardiomyocyte contractile function, but these effects seem to be unrelated to Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vasconcelos Abreu
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil
| | - Erick Roberto Gonçalves Claudio
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Andreo Fernando Aguiar
- North University of Paraná (UNOPAR), Centre of Research in Biological and Healthy Sciences, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Morenna Alana Giordani
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mário Mateus Sugizaki
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil
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17
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Boileau E, Doroudgar S, Riechert E, Jürgensen L, Ho TC, Katus HA, Völkers M, Dieterich C. A Multi-Network Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and Translatome Identifies Novel Hub Genes in Cardiac Remodeling. Front Genet 2020; 11:583124. [PMID: 33304386 PMCID: PMC7701244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.583124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the transition from physiological to pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive and largely based on reductionist hypotheses. Here, we profiled the translatomes of 15 mouse hearts to provide a molecular blueprint of altered gene networks in early cardiac remodeling. Using co-expression analysis, we showed how sub-networks are orchestrated into functional modules associated with pathological phenotypes. We discovered unappreciated hub genes, many undocumented for their role in cardiac hypertrophy, and genes in the transcriptional network that were rewired in the translational network, and associated with semantically different subsets of enriched functional terms, such as Fam210a, a novel musculoskeletal modulator, or Psmd12, implicated in protein quality control. Using their correlation structure, we found that transcriptome networks are only partially reproducible at the translatome level, providing further evidence of post-transcriptional control at the level of translation. Our results provide novel insights into the complexity of the organization of in vivo cardiac regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boileau
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thanh Cao Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Berlin, Germany
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18
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d'Arbeloff T. Cardiovascular fitness and structural brain integrity: an update on current evidence. GeroScience 2020; 42:1285-1306. [PMID: 32767221 PMCID: PMC7525918 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An aging global population and accompanying increases in the prevalence of age-related disorders are leading to greater financial, social, and health burdens. Aging-related dementias are one such category of age-related disorders that are associated with progressive loss of physical and cognitive integrity. One proposed preventative measure against risk of aging-related dementia is improving cardiovascular fitness, which may help reverse or buffer age-related brain atrophy associated with worse aging-related outcomes and cognitive decline. However, research into the beneficial potential of cardiovascular fitness has suffered from extreme heterogeneity in study design methodology leading to a lack of cohesion in the field and undermining any potential causal evidence that may exist. In addition, cardiovascular fitness and exercise are often conflated, leading to a lack of clarity in results. Here, I review recent literature on cardiovascular fitness, brain structure, and aging with the following goals: (a) to disentangle and lay out recent findings specific to aging, cardiovascular fitness, and brain structure, and (b) to ascertain the extent to which causal evidence actually exists. I suggest that, while there is some preliminary evidence for a link between cardiovascular fitness and brain structure in older adults, more research is still needed before definitive causal conclusions can be drawn. I conclude with a discussion of existing gaps in the field and suggestions for how they may be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy d'Arbeloff
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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19
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Sretenovic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Ajdzanovic V, Ristic N, Trifunovic M, Pantovic S, Jovic S, Jakovljevic V, Bolevich S, Milosavljevic Z, Milosevic V. Immunohistomorphometric and Hormonal Analysis of the Pituitary Gonadotropic Cells After Application of the Nandrolone Decanoate and Swimming Training in Adult Male Rats. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:699-707. [PMID: 32519626 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762000166x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic nandrolone decanoate treatment and/or swimming training on immunohistomorphometric parameters on rat pituitary gonadotropic cells. Male Wistar albino rats, 10 weeks old, were classified into four groups: control (T−N−), nandrolone (T−N+), swimming training (T+N−), and swimming training with nandrolone (T+N+). The T+ groups swam for 4 weeks, 1 h/day, 5 days/week. The N+ groups received nandrolone decanoate (20 mg/kg) once per week for 4 weeks. Pituitary tissue sections were processed and stained for immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence. The volume density of luteinizing hormone (LH) cells was decreased by 48% in T−N+ and for 35% in the T+N+ group. The volume density of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) cells was decreased by 39% in T−N+ and for 30% in T+N+ compared to the control. Nandrolone alone, or combined with swimming training, decreased the number of LH/FSH cells compared to the control. The levels of the immunofluorescent signal of LH/FSH cells were increased in all experimental groups. Nandrolone alone decreased the serum level of LH by 17%, whereas swimming training alone increased FSH levels by 11% compared to the control. Serum levels of testosterone were increased in all experimental groups. Nandrolone alone, or combined with swimming training, decreased immunohistomorphometric parameters of gonadotropic cells, whereas the levels of immunofluorescent signal were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Sretenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdzanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroljub Trifunovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital Studenica, Jug Bogdanova 110, 36000Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Suzana Pantovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavoljub Jovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow119992, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow119992, Russian Federation
| | - Zoran Milosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Verica Milosevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Lozano WM, Parra G, Arias-Mutis OJ, Zarzoso M. Exercise Training Protocols in Rabbits Applied in Cardiovascular Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081263. [PMID: 32722314 PMCID: PMC7459864 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several animal models have been used to understand the physiological adaptations produced by exercise training in the healthy and diseased cardiovascular system. Among those, the protocols for acute and chronic exercise in rabbits present several advantages compared to other large animal models. In addition, the rabbit model has important physiological similarities with humans. On the other hand, the design of the training protocol is a key factor to induce the physiological adaptations. Here, we review the different training protocols used in rabbits and the different physiological adaptations produced in the cardiovascular system, in normal and pathological conditions. Abstract Rabbit exercise protocols allow for the evaluation of physiological and biomechanical changes and responses to episodes of acute or chronic exercise. The observed physiological changes are normal responses to stress, that is, adaptive responses to maintain or restore homeostasis after acute exercise. Indeed, the rabbit model is advantageous since (a) it has important physiological similarities in terms of the functioning of multiple organ systems, and can quickly induce alterations in pathophysiological conditions that resemble those of humans, and (b) it allows the implementation of a low-cost model in comparison with other large animals. When designing an exercise training protocol for rabbits, it is important to consider variables such as race, gender, age and, especially, training parameters such as volume, intensity, or rest, among others, to determine the outcome of the research. Therefore, the objective of this review is to identify and analyze exercise training protocols in rabbits in different experimental applications and the various physiological adaptations that are presented, with special focus in cardiovascular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson M. Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Germán Parra
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
- INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Arias-Mutis
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
- INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-983-853
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21
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Swenson S, Blum K, McLaughlin T, Gold MS, Thanos PK. The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116763. [PMID: 32305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have a myriad of health benefits. There is much to be learned from the effects of exercise and its potential for prevention, attenuation and treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, recent data and research on exercise benefits with respect to major health crises, such as, that of opioid and general substance use disorders, make it very important to better understand and review the mechanisms of exercise and how it could be utilized for effective treatments or adjunct treatments for these diseases. In addition, mechanisms, epigenetics and sex differences are examined and discussed in terms of future research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western Univesity Health Sciences, Graduate College, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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22
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Qi J, Luo X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Li S, Zhang J. Downregulation of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p Expression Facilitates Exercise-Induced Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Augmenting Autophagy in Rats. Front Genet 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32140172 PMCID: PMC7042403 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced autophagy is associated with physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and a growing body of evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate autophagy-related genes. However, the precise role of miRNAs in exercise induced autophagy in physiological LVH has not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the microRNA–autophagy axis in physiological LVH and deciphered the underlying mechanism using a rat swimming exercise model. Rats were assigned to sedentary control (CON) and swimming exercise (EX) groups; those in the latter group completed a 10-week swimming exercise without any load. For in vitro studies, H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line was stimulated with IGF-1 for hypertrophy. We found a significant increase in autophagy activity in the hearts of rats with exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy, and miRNAs showed a high score in the pathway enriched in autophagy. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p showed an obvious increase in rat hearts. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p markedly attenuated IGF-1-induced hypertrophy in H9C2 cells by suppressing autophagy. Furthermore, miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p attenuated autophagy in H9C2 cells through targeting ULK1, LC3B, and Beclin 1, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that swimming exercise induced physiological LVH, at least in part, by modulating the microRNA–autophagy axis, and that miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p may help distinguish physiological and pathological LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Medical College, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- The School of Physical Education, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Araujo LCC, Brito AF, Souza ILL, Ferreira PB, Vasconcelos LHC, Silva AS, Silva BA. Spirulina Platensis Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020089. [PMID: 32013202 PMCID: PMC7073603 DOI: 10.3390/md18020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blue alga Spirulina platensis has presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence of S. platensis supplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into; sedentary (S); S + supplemented with algae at 50 (S50), 150 (S150), and 500 mg/kg (S500); trained (T); and T + supplemented (T50, T150, and T500). Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. S. platensis supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol (CCh) and KCl, while training reduced only the CCh efficacy. In addition, association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity. Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition; training alone did not alter this parameter, however association potentiated this beneficial effect. Therefore, this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress, providing new insights for intestinal disorders management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne C. C. Araujo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Fisiologia Humana), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP 05508900, Brazil
| | - Aline F. Brito
- Escola de Educação Física, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife/PE 50740-465, Brazil;
| | - Iara L. L. Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Paula B. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Luiz Henrique C. Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB 58051900, Brazil;
| | - Bagnólia A. Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Fisiologia Humana), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP 05508900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB 58051900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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24
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Ferreira R, Padrão AI, Oliveira P, Santos M, Kavazis AN, Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D. One year of exercise training promotes distinct adaptations in right and left ventricle of female Sprague-Dawley rats. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:561-572. [PMID: 31620967 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training induces a unique cardioprotective phenotype, but it is becoming clear that it does not promote the same structural, functional, and molecular adaptations in both ventricles. In the present study, we aimed to better characterize and compare the molecular pathways involved in the exercise-induced remodeling of both ventricles. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and exercise groups. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to low-intensity treadmill exercise for 54 weeks. After the experimental period, biventricular hemodynamic analysis was performed and right and left ventricles were harvested for morphological and biochemical analyses. Data showed that long-term low-intensity exercise training improves cardiac function, especially left ventricular diastolic function; however, the expression of connexin-43, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β, and c-kit did not change in none of the ventricles. In the right ventricle, long-term exercise training induced an increase of manganese superoxide dismutase and sirtuin 3 protein expression, suggestive of improved antioxidant capacity. Our results also support that long-term aerobic exercise training imposes greater metabolic remodeling to the right ventricle, mainly by increasing mitochondrial ability to produce ATP, with no association to estrogen-related receptor α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Padrão
- QOPNA & LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Oliveira
- CITAB, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Vitorino
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Prokic V, Plecevic S, Bradic J, Petkovic A, Srejovic I, Bolevich S, Jeremic J, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic V. The impact of nine weeks swimming exercise on heart function in hypertensive and normotensive rats: role of cardiac oxidative stress. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:2075-2083. [PMID: 31240902 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of 9-week swimming training on cardiodynamic parameters and coronary flow in a rat model of high salt-induced hypertension with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress. METHODS Rats involved in the research were divided randomly into four groups: healthy sedentary (SA), healthy trained (TA), sedentary hypertensive (SHA) and trained hypertensive animals (THA). Trained rats were exposed to 9-week swimming training (5 days/week, 60 min/day). Additionally, in order to induce hypertension animals from SHA and THA groups were on high sodium (8% NaCl solution) diet during 4 weeks. Afterwards all rats were sacrificed and hearts were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to Langendorff technique. The following parameters of cardiac function were continuously recorded: maximum and minimum rate of pressure development in left ventricle, systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure and heart rate. Coronary flow was measured flowmetrically. Oxidative stress markers were determined in coronary venous effluent. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that 9 weeks of swimming training led to improvement of cardiac contractility, relaxation and systolic capacity of normotensive rats, while this training protocol induced enhanced diastolic function in hypertensive conditions. More pronounced effects of exercise in alleviating oxidative stress were observed in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS Obvious beneficial exercise-induced cardiac adaptations provide scientific basis for further researches which would thoroughly clarify the mechanisms through which swimming training alters myocardial function both in healthy conditions and in the presence of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Prokic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sasa Plecevic
- Sports Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia -
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26
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Cardiac hypertrophy is stimulated by altered training intensity and correlates with autophagy modulation in male Wistar rats. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 31198561 PMCID: PMC6558762 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The mechanism for cardiac hypertrophy process that would be a benefit for improvement of cardiovascular endurance needed to be investigated throughly. Specific intensity of training may play a role for homeostasis process in cardiac during training. In the present study, we examine the effect of different intensity of treadmill training on cardiac hypertrophy process and autophagy related gene expression in male wistar rats. Methods Three different intensities of treadmill training were conducted on 15 male wistar rats (Low Intensity: 10 m/minute, Moderate Intensity: 20 m/minute, and High Intensity: 30 m/minute) compared to 5 sedentary rats as control. Training duration was 30 min per day, frequency was 5 days per week, during 8 weeks period. Heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio were measured after the experiments. Left ventricle myocardium was taken for microscopic analysis with HE staining. mRNA was extracted from left ventricle myocardium for examining αMHC and autophagy related gene expression (PIK3CA, mTOR, LC3, p62) using semi quantitative PCR. Results We observed that altered training intensity might stimulate cardiac hypertrophy process. MI and HI training increased heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio. This finding is supported by microscopic result in which cardiac hypertrophy was found in MI and HI, with focal fibrosis in HI, and increased αMHC gene expression in MI (p < 0.05) and HI (p = 0.076). We also observed decreased PIK3CA (LI 0.8 fold, MI 0.9 fold), mTOR (LI 0.9 fold, MI 0.9 fold), LC3 (LI 0.9 fold, MI 0.8 fold, HI 0.8 fold), and p62 (LI 0.8 fold, MI 0.9 fold) compared to control. Interestingly, we found increased mTOR (HI 1.1 fold) and p62 (HI 1.1 fold) compared to control. Conclusion Training with different intensity creates different cardiac hypertrophy process based on heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio, microscopic examination and autophagy related gene expression.
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27
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Al-Sawalha NA, Al-Filali MS, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Effect of Prenatal Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Cardiac Biomarkers in Adult Offspring Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:567-574. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248419849424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) consumption is increased among pregnant woman. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure increased the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in offspring. The current study examined the effect of prenatal WTS exposure on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and cardiac biomarkers in adult offspring rats. Methods: Female rats received WTS (2 hours per day) or fresh air 1 day prior to mating and throughout the pregnancy period. The body and heart masses were measured in male offspring rats. The level of oxidative stress biomarkers, nitrate, inflammatory mediators (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and gene expression of protein kinase C epsilon, angiotensin 2 receptor one, and transforming growth factor beta1 were measured in cardiac tissue homogenates of 13-week-old male offspring rats. Results: Prenatal WTS exposure reduced body weight and increased heart to body weight ratio ( P < .05). Prenatal WTS exposure did not affect oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) but significantly increased catalase activity and nitrate level ( P < .05) in cardiac tissue of adult male offspring rats. In addition, prenatal exposure to WTS did not affect cardiac level of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as the gene expression of different cardiac modulators in adult male offspring rats ( P > .05). Conclusion: Prenatal WTS exposure has detrimental consequences on adult offspring rats by increasing the ratio of heart to body mass, increasing the catalase activity and nitrate level in cardiac tissue of adult male offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A. Al-Sawalha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maria S. Al-Filali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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28
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Baumfalk DR, Opoku-Acheampong AB, Caldwell JT, Ade CJ, Copp SW, Musch TI, Behnke BJ. Effects of prostate cancer and exercise training on left ventricular function and cardiac and skeletal muscle mass. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:668-680. [PMID: 30571286 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer was found to reduce cardiac and left ventricle (LV) masses in association with diminished exercise capacity in rats. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training will mitigate prostate cancer-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy and improve LV function versus sedentary tumor-bearing counterparts. Copenhagen rats ( n = 39; ~5 mo old) were randomized into four groups: exercise-trained tumor-bearing (EXTB) or control (EXCON) and sedentary tumor-bearing (SEDTB) or control (SEDCON). Dunning R-3327 prostate cancer cells were injected orthotopically in 19 of the 39 animals. Treadmill exercise training was performed for 60 min/day for ~30 days. Animals underwent echocardiography to examine ventricle dimensions "Pre-" cancer injection or exercise (PRE) and 15 (Post 1) and 32-35 (Post 2) days after cancer cell injection with tissues collected after Post 2. LV TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were measured post mortem. Cardiac and LV mass of SEDTB animals were lower than all groups ( P < 0.05). Tumor mass was negatively correlated with LV mass in EXTB (-0.75, P < 0.02) and SEDTB animals (-0.72, P < 0.02). EXCON group had higher stroke volume Post 2 assessment compared with both sedentary groups ( P < 0.05) but not EXTB animals. No difference in LV [IL-6] or [TNF-α] was found between the cancer groups. The current investigation demonstrates prostate cancer, independent of anticancer treatment, significantly reduces cardiac mass and LV mass as well as locomotor muscle masses. However, moderate-intensity exercise training can mitigate cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy with prostate cancer and preserve the cardiac phenotype (i.e., mass and function) to that of the healthy sedentary group. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates the atrophic effects of prostate cancer on cardiac and skeletal muscle mass independent of anticancer treatment(s) that can be mitigated with moderate-intensity exercise. These findings have important implications for potentially improving the quality of life as well as therapeutic outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Jacob T Caldwell
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Carl J Ade
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Steven W Copp
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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29
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Kay JC, Claghorn GC, Thompson Z, Hampton TG, Garland T. Electrocardiograms of mice selectively bred for high levels of voluntary exercise: Effects of short-term exercise training and the mini-muscle phenotype. Physiol Behav 2018; 199:322-332. [PMID: 30508549 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cardiac function that occur with exercise training have been studied in detail, but those accompanying evolved increases in the duration or intensity of physical activity are poorly understood. To address this gap, we studied electrocardiograms (ECGs) of mice from an artificial selection experiment in which four replicate lines are bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR) while four non-selected lines are maintained as controls (C). ECGs were recorded using an ECGenie (Mouse Specifics, Inc.) both before and after six days of wheel access (as used in the standard protocol to select breeders). We hypothesized that HR mice would show innate differences in ECG characteristics and that the response to training would be greater in HR mice relative to C mice because the former run more. After wheel access, in statistical analyses controlling for variation in body mass, all mice had lower heart rates, and mice from HR lines had longer PR intervals than C lines. Also after wheel access, male mice had increased heart rate variability, whereas females had decreased heart rate variability. With body mass as a covariate, six days of wheel access significantly increased ventricle mass in both HR and C males. Within the HR lines, a subset of mice known as mini-muscle individuals have a 50% reduction in hindlimb muscle mass and generally larger internal organs, including the heart ventricles. As compared with normal-muscled individuals, mini-muscle individuals had a longer QRS complex, both before and after wheel access. Some studies in other species of mammals have shown correlations between athletic performance and QRS duration. Correlations between wheel running and either heart rate or QRS duration (before wheel running) among the eight individual lines of the HR selection experiment or among 17 inbred mouse strains taken from the literature were not statistically significant. However, total revolutions and average speed were negatively correlated with PR duration among lines of the HR selection experiment for males, and duration of running was negatively correlated with PR duration among 17 inbred strains for females. We conclude that HR mice have enhanced trainability of cardiac function as compared with C mice (as indicated by their longer PR duration after wheel access), and that the mini-muscle phenotype causes cardiac changes that have been associated with increased athletic performance in previous studies of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarren C Kay
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406, USA
| | - Gerald C Claghorn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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30
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Kwon HK, Jeong H, Hwang D, Park ZY. Comparative proteomic analysis of mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy, with selection of biomarkers of pathological hypertrophy by integrative Proteogenomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:S1570-9639(18)30118-3. [PMID: 30048702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine fundamental characteristics of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, protein expression profiles in two widely accepted models of cardiac hypertrophy (swimming-trained mouse for physiological hypertrophy and pressure-overload-induced mouse for pathological hypertrophy) were compared using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. Among 3955 proteins (19,235 peptides, false-discovery rate < 0.01) identified in these models, 486 were differentially expressed with a log2 fold difference ≥ 0.58, or were detected in only one hypertrophy model (each protein from 4 technical replicates, p < .05). Analysis of gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways identified cellular processes enriched in one or both hypertrophy models. Processes unique to pathological hypertrophy were compared with processes previously identified in cardiac-hypertrophy models. Individual proteins with differential expression in processes unique to pathological hypertrophy were further confirmed using the results of previous targeted functional analysis studies. Using a proteogenomic approach combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, similar patterns of differential expression were observed for 23 proteins and corresponding genes associated with pathological hypertrophy. A total of 11 proteins were selected as early-stage pathological-hypertrophy biomarker candidates, and the results of western blotting for five of these proteins in independent samples confirmed the patterns of differential expression in mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Robison LS, Popescu DL, Anderson ME, Beigelman SI, Fitzgerald SM, Kuzmina AE, Lituma DA, Subzwari S, Michaelos M, Anderson BJ, Van Nostrand WE, Robinson JK. The effects of volume versus intensity of long-term voluntary exercise on physiology and behavior in C57/Bl6 mice. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:218-232. [PMID: 29879399 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular exercise (CVE) is associated with healthy aging and reduced risk of disease in humans, with similar benefits seen in animals. Most rodent studies, however, have used shorter intervention periods of a few weeks to a few months, begging questions as to the effects of longer-term, or even life-long, exercise. Additionally, most animal studies have utilized a single exercise treatment group - usually unlimited running wheel access - resulting in large volumes of exercise that are not clinically relevant. It is therefore incumbent to determine the physiological and cognitive/behavioral effects of a range of exercise intensities and volumes over a long-term period that model a lifelong commitment to CVE. In the current study, C57/Bl6 mice remained sedentary or were allowed either 1, 3, or 12 h of access to a running wheel per day, 5 days/weeks, beginning at 3.5-4 months of age. Following an eight-month intervention period, animals underwent a battery of behavioral testing, then euthanized and blood and tissue were collected. Longer access to a running wheel resulted in greater volume and higher running speed, but more breaks in running. All exercise groups showed similarly reduced body weight, increased muscle mass, improved motor function on the rotarod, and reduced anxiety in the open field. While all exercise groups showed increased food intake, this was greatest in the 12 h group but did not differ between 1 h and 3 h mice. While exercise dose-dependently increased working memory performance in the y-maze, the 1 h and 12 h groups showed the largest changes in the mass of many organs, as well as alterations in several behaviors including social interaction, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze performance. These findings suggest that long-term exercise has widespread effects on physiology, behavior, and cognition, which vary by "dose" and measure, and that even relatively small amounts of daily exercise can provide benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Dominique L Popescu
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Maria E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Steven I Beigelman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Shannon M Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Antonina E Kuzmina
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - David A Lituma
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Sarima Subzwari
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Michalis Michaelos
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Brenda J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - John K Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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Short-Duration Swimming Exercise after Myocardial Infarction Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aged Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4079041. [PMID: 29849892 PMCID: PMC5925211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4079041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise benefits to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following stable myocardial infarction (MI). The suitable exercise duration for aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Methods and Results 18-Month-old mice after stable MI were randomly submitted to different durations of exercise, including 15 and 60 min swimming training (ST) once per day, five times a week for 8 weeks. Compared to sedentary mice, 15 min ST, rather than 60 min ST, significantly augmented left ventricular function, increased survival rate, and suppressed myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis. 15 min ST improved mitochondrial morphology via regulating mitochondrial fission-fusion signaling. 15 min ST regulated mitophagy signaling via inhibiting LC3-II and P62 levels and increasing PINK/Parkin expression. 15 min ST also inhibited ROS production and enhanced antioxidant SOD2 activity. Notably, 15 min ST significantly increased sirtuin (SIRT) 3 level (2.7-fold) in vivo while the inhibition of SIRT3 exacerbated senescent H9c2 cellular LDH release and ROS production under hypoxia. In addition, SIRT3 silencing impairs mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in senescent cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemia (SI) injury. Conclusion Collectively, our study demonstrated for the first time that sustained short-duration exercise, rather than long-duration exercise, attenuates cardiac dysfunction after MI in aged mice. It is likely that the positive regulation induced by a short-duration ST regimen on the elevated SIRT3 protein level improved mitochondrial quality control and decreased apoptosis and fibrosis contributed to the observed more resistant phenotype.
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Plecevic S, Jakovljevic B, Savic M, Zivkovic V, Nikolic T, Jeremic J, Milosavljevic I, Srejovic I, Tasic N, Djuric D, Jakovljevic V. Comparison of short-term and medium-term swimming training on cardiodynamics and coronary flow in high salt-induced hypertensive and normotensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:33-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mostafa AF, Samir SM, Nagib RM. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and its role in exhaustive-exercise-induced changes in female rat ovulatory cycle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:395-403. [PMID: 28977777 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive exercises can cause delayed menarche or menstrual cycle irregularities in females. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are incorporated into a wide range of benefits in many physiological systems. Our work aimed to assess the role of ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the deleterious effects of exhaustive exercise on the female reproductive system in rats. Virgin female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 rats in each): control group, omega-3 group treated with DHA, exhaustive exercise group, and exhaustive exercised rats treated with DHA. Omega-3 was given orally to the rats once daily for 4 estrous cycles. Exhaustive exercises revealed lower levels in progesterone and gonadotropins together with histopathological decrease in number of growing follicles and corpora lutea. Moreover, the exercised rats showed low levels of ovarian antioxidants with high level of caspase-3 and plasma cortisol level that lead to disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. ω-3 PUFA DHA has beneficial effects on the number of newly growing follicles in both sedentary and exercised rats with decreasing the level of caspase-3 and increasing the antioxidant activity in ovaries. Exhaustive exercises can cause ovulatory problems in female rats that can be improved by ω-3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F Mostafa
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Samir
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - R M Nagib
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Wende AR, Kim J, Holland WL, Wayment BE, O'Neill BT, Tuinei J, Brahma MK, Pepin ME, McCrory MA, Luptak I, Halade GV, Litwin SE, Abel ED. Glucose transporter 4-deficient hearts develop maladaptive hypertrophy in response to physiological or pathological stresses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1098-H1108. [PMID: 28822962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00101.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be associated with reduced expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in contrast to exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, where GLUT4 levels are increased. However, mice with cardiac-specific deletion of GLUT4 (G4H-/-) have normal cardiac function in the unstressed state. This study tested the hypothesis that cardiac GLUT4 is required for myocardial adaptations to hemodynamic demands. G4H-/- and control littermates were subjected to either a pathological model of left ventricular pressure overload [transverse aortic constriction (TAC)] or a physiological model of endurance exercise (swim training). As predicted after TAC, G4H-/- mice developed significantly greater hypertrophy and more severe contractile dysfunction. Somewhat surprisingly, after exercise training, G4H-/- mice developed increased fibrosis and apoptosis that was associated with dephosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase Akt in concert with an increase in protein levels of the upstream phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Exercise has been shown to decrease levels of ceramide; G4H-/- hearts failed to decrease myocardial ceramide in response to exercise. Furthermore, G4H-/- hearts have reduced levels of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1, lower carnitine palmitoyl-transferase activity, and reduced hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. These basal changes may also contribute to the impaired ability of G4H-/- hearts to adapt to hemodynamic stresses. In conclusion, GLUT4 is required for the maintenance of cardiac structure and function in response to physiological or pathological processes that increase energy demands, in part through secondary changes in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular stress survival pathways such as Akt.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is required for myocardial adaptations to exercise, and its absence accelerates heart dysfunction after pressure overload. The requirement for GLUT4 may extend beyond glucose uptake to include defects in mitochondrial metabolism and survival signaling pathways that develop in its absence. Therefore, GLUT4 is critical for responses to hemodynamic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William L Holland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benjamin E Wayment
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph Tuinei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark E Pepin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark A McCrory
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Division of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sheldon E Litwin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Vega RB, Konhilas JP, Kelly DP, Leinwand LA. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Adaptation to Exercise. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1012-1026. [PMID: 28467921 PMCID: PMC5512429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise elicits coordinated multi-organ responses including skeletal muscle, vasculature, heart, and lung. In the short term, the output of the heart increases to meet the demand of strenuous exercise. Long-term exercise instigates remodeling of the heart including growth and adaptive molecular and cellular re-programming. Signaling pathways such as the insulin-like growth factor 1/PI3K/Akt pathway mediate many of these responses. Exercise-induced, or physiologic, cardiac growth contrasts with growth elicited by pathological stimuli such as hypertension. Comparing the molecular and cellular underpinnings of physiologic and pathologic cardiac growth has unveiled phenotype-specific signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory programs. Studies suggest that exercise pathways likely antagonize pathological pathways, and exercise training is often recommended for patients with chronic stable heart failure or following myocardial infarction. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac responses to exercise as well as signaling pathways and downstream effector molecules responsible for these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick B Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Abstract
Numerous animal cardiac exercise models using animal subjects have been established to uncover the cardiovascular physiological mechanism of exercise or to determine the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health and disease. In most cases, animal-based cardiovascular exercise modalities include treadmill running, swimming, and voluntary wheel running with a series of intensities, times, and durations. Those used animals include small rodents (e.g., mice and rats) and large animals (e.g., rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, pigs, and horses). Depending on the research goal, each experimental protocol should also describe whether its respective exercise treatment can produce the anticipated acute or chronic cardiovascular adaptive response. In this chapter, we will briefly describe the most common kinds of animal models of acute and chronic cardiovascular exercises that are currently being conducted and are likely to be chosen in the near future. Strengths and weakness of animal-based cardiac exercise modalities are also discussed.
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Exercise Training in Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure: Insights from Pre-clinical Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:307-324. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gibb AA, McNally LA, Riggs DW, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Hill BG. FVB/NJ Mice Are a Useful Model for Examining Cardiac Adaptations to Treadmill Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:636. [PMID: 28066267 PMCID: PMC5174104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice are commonly used to examine the mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiometabolic health; however, exercise compliance and adaptations are often strain-dependent or are variable due to inconsistency in exercise training protocols. In this study, we examined nocturnal/diurnal behavior, treadmill exercise compliance, and systemic as well as cardiac-specific exercise adaptations in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J, and FVB/NJ mice. Metabolic cage analysis indicated a strong nocturnal nature of C57BL/6J mice, whereas FVB/NJ mice showed no circadian element to activity, food or water intake, VO2, or VCO2. Initial exercise capacity tests revealed that, compared with C57BL/6J mice, FVB/NJ mice are capable of achieving nearly 2-fold higher workloads prior to exhaustion. FVB/NJ mice tested during the day were capable of achieving significantly more work compared with their night-tested counterparts. Following 4 weeks of training, FVB/NJ mice showed significant increases in exercise capacity as well as physiologic cardiac growth characterized by enlarged myocytes and higher mitochondrial DNA content. C57BL/6J mice showed no increases in exercise capacity or cardiac growth regardless of whether they exercised during the day or the night. This lack of adaptation in C57BL/6J mice was attributable, at least in part, to their progressive loss of compliance to the treadmill training protocol. We conclude that the FVB/NJ strain is a useful and robust mouse model for examining cardiac adaptations to treadmill exercise and that treadmill training during daytime hours does not negatively affect exercise compliance or capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey A McNally
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
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Nehra S, Bhardwaj V, Kar S, Saraswat D. Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Apoptosis in Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Nanocurcumin in Improving Adaptation. High Alt Med Biol 2016; 17:342-352. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Nehra
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepika Saraswat
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
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Reis Junior D, Antonio EL, de Franco MF, de Oliveira HA, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Association of Exercise Training with Tobacco Smoking Prevents Fibrosis but has Adverse Impact on Myocardial Mechanics. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2268-2272. [PMID: 27613920 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There was no data for cardiac repercussion of exercise training associated with tobacco smoking. This issue is interesting because some smoking people can be enrolled in an exercise-training program. Thus, we evaluated swimming training effects on the function and structural myocardial in rats exposed to tobacco smoking. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: C, untrained rats without exposure to tobacco smoking; E, exercised rats without exposure to tobacco smoking; CS, untrained rats exposed to tobacco smoking; ECS, exercised rats exposed to tobacco smoking. Rats swam five times a week twice daily (60min per session) for 8 weeks. Before each bout exercise, rats breathed smoke from 20 cigarettes for 60min. Twenty-four hours after the last day of the protocol, papillary muscles were isolated for in vitro analysis of myocardial mechanics. The myocardial mass and nuclear cardiomyocyte volume were used as hypertrophy markers, and collagen content was determined by picrosirius red staining. RESULTS There was a well-pronounced myocardial hypertrophic effect for two interventions. The exercise blunted myocardial collagen increases induced by tobacco smoking. However, exercise and tobacco-smoking association was deleterious to myocardial performance. Thereby, in vitro experiments with papillary muscles contracting in isometric showed impairment myocardial inotropism in exercised rats exposed to tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS This work presents novel findings on the role of exercise training on cardiac remodeling induced by tobacco smoking. Although exercise has mitigated tissue fibrosis, their association with tobacco smoking exacerbated hypertrophy and in vitro myocardial dysfunction. IMPLICATIONS This is first study to show that the association of an aerobic exercise training with tobacco smoking intensifies the phenotype of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, the combination of interventions resulted in exacerbated myocardial hypertrophy and contractility dysfunction. These findings have significant clinical implication because some smoking people can be enrolled in an exercise-training program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Biophotonics Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roh J, Rhee J, Chaudhari V, Rosenzweig A. The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Aging: From Physiology to Molecular Mechanisms. Circ Res 2016; 118:279-95. [PMID: 26838314 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces structural and functional changes in the heart that are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired functional capacity in the elderly. Exercise is a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, with the potential to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which aging influences cardiac physiology and function. In this review, we first provide an overview of how aging impacts the cardiac response to exercise, and the implications this has for functional capacity in older adults. We then review the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cardiac aging contributes to exercise intolerance, and conversely how exercise training can potentially modulate aging phenotypes in the heart. Finally, we highlight the potential use of these exercise models to complement models of disease in efforts to uncover new therapeutic targets to prevent or treat heart disease in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Roh
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - James Rhee
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Vinita Chaudhari
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiovascular Remodeling Is Reversed by Normoxia in a Mouse Model of Sleep Apnea. Chest 2016; 149:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Traynham CJ, Hullmann J, Koch WJ. "Canonical and non-canonical actions of GRK5 in the heart". J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:196-202. [PMID: 26829117 PMCID: PMC4789097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As the average world-wide lifespan continues to increase, heart failure (HF) has dramatically increased in incidence leading to the highest degree of mortality and morbidity of any disease presently studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a prominent role in regulation of cardiovascular function. GPCRs are effectively "turned off" by GPCR kinases (GRKs) in a process known as "desensitization". GRKs 2 and 5 are highly expressed in the heart, and known to be upregulated in HF. Over the last 20years, the role of GRK2 in HF has been widely studied. However, until recently, the role of GRK5 in cardiac pathophysiology had yet to be elucidated. In the present review, we will focus on GRK5's role in the myocardium in normal physiology, and its apparent critical role in the progression of HF. Further, we will also present potential therapeutic strategies (i.e. small molecule inhibition, gene therapy) that may have potential in combating the deleterious effects of GRK5 in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Traynham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | | | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Veskoukis AS, Goutianos G, Paschalis V, Margaritelis NV, Tzioura A, Dipla K, Zafeiridis A, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. The rat closely mimics oxidative stress and inflammation in humans after exercise but not after exercise combined with vitamin C administration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:791-804. [PMID: 26856335 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to directly compare oxidative stress and inflammation responses between rats and humans. METHODS We contrasted rat and human oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to exercise (pro-oxidant stimulus) and/or vitamin C (anti-oxidant stimulus) administration. Vitamin C was administered orally in both species (16 mg kg(-1) of body weight). Twelve redox biomarkers and seven inflammatory biomarkers were determined in plasma and erythrocytes pre- and post-exercise or pre- and post-exercise combined with vitamin C administration. RESULTS Exercise increased oxidative stress and induced an inflammatory state in rats and humans. There were only 1/19 significant species × exercise interactions (catalase), indicating similar responses to exercise between rats and humans in redox and inflammatory biomarkers. Vitamin C decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity only in humans and did not affect the redox state of rats. In contrast, vitamin C induced an anti-inflammatory state only in rats and did not affect the inflammatory state of humans. There were 10/19 significant species × vitamin C interactions, indicating that rats poorly mimic human oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to vitamin C administration. Exercise after acute vitamin C administration altered redox state only in humans and did not affect the redox state of rats. On the contrary, inflammation biomarkers changed similarly after exercise combined with vitamin C in both rats and humans. CONCLUSIONS The rat adequately mimics human responses to exercise in basic blood redox/inflammatory profile, yet this is not the case after exercise combined with vitamin C administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Georgios Goutianos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece.,Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Tzioura
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece.,Department of Hematology, Blood Bank, General Hospital of Serres, Serres, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece.
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La Gerche A, McMullen JR. Let's keep running… exercise, basic science and the knowledge gaps. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:74-6. [PMID: 26729888 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-307557rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André La Gerche
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Oláh A, Németh BT, Mátyás C, Hidi L, Lux Á, Ruppert M, Kellermayer D, Sayour AA, Szabó L, Török M, Meltzer A, Gellér L, Merkely B, Radovits T. Physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy of comparable degree is associated with characteristic differences of in vivo hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H587-97. [PMID: 26718969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00588.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a physiological or pathological response of LV myocardium to increased cardiac load. We aimed at investigating and comparing hemodynamic alterations in well-established rat models of physiological hypertrophy (PhyH) and pathological hypertrophy (PaH) by using LV pressure-volume (P-V) analysis. PhyH and PaH were induced in rats by swim training and by abdominal aortic banding, respectively. Morphology of the heart was investigated by echocardiography. Characterization of cardiac function was completed by LV P-V analysis. In addition, histological and molecular biological measurements were performed. Echocardiography revealed myocardial hypertrophy of similar degree in both models, which was confirmed by post-mortem heart weight data. In aortic-banded rats we detected subendocardial fibrosis. Reactivation of fetal gene program could be observed only in the PaH model. PhyH was associated with increased stroke volume, whereas unaltered stroke volume was detected in PaH along with markedly elevated end-systolic pressure values. Sensitive indexes of LV contractility were increased in both models, in parallel with the degree of hypertrophy. Active relaxation was ameliorated in athlete's heart, whereas it showed marked impairment in PaH. Mechanical efficiency and ventriculo-arterial coupling were improved in PhyH, whereas they remained unchanged in PaH. Myocardial gene expression of mitochondrial regulators showed marked differences between PaH and PhyH. We provided the first comparative hemodynamic characterization of PhyH and PaH in relevant rodent models. Increased LV contractility could be observed in both types of LV hypertrophy; characteristic distinction was detected in diastolic function (active relaxation) and mechanoenergetics (mechanical efficiency), which might be explained by mitochondrial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hidi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Lux
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Szabó
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Török
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Meltzer
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gellér
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Songstad NT, Kaspersen KHF, Hafstad AD, Basnet P, Ytrehus K, Acharya G. Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Pregnant Rats, and the Placenta, Heart and Liver of Their Fetuses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143095. [PMID: 26566220 PMCID: PMC4643918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the maternal heart, fetuses and placentas of pregnant rats. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to HIIT or sedentary control groups. The HIIT group was trained for 6 weeks with 10 bouts of high intensity uphill running on a treadmill for four minutes (at 85-90% of maximal oxygen consumption) for five days/week. After three weeks of HIIT, rats were mated. After six weeks (gestational day 20 in pregnant rats), echocardiography was performed to evaluate maternal cardiac function. Real-time PCR was performed for the quantification of gene expression, and oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity was assessed in the tissue samples. RESULTS Maternal heart weight and systolic function were not affected by HIIT or pregnancy. In the maternal heart, expression of 11 of 22 genes related to cardiac remodeling was influenced by pregnancy but none by HIIT. Litter size, fetal weight and placental weight were not affected by HIIT. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity measured in the placenta, fetal heart and liver were not influenced by HIIT. HIIT reduced the expression of eNOS (p = 0.03), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (p = 0.04) and glutathione peroxidase 4.2 (p = 0.02) in the fetal liver and increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-β (p = 0.014), superoxide dismutase 1 (p = 0.001) and tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase 3 (p = 0.049) in the fetal heart. CONCLUSIONS Maternal cardiac function and gene expression was not affected by HIIT. Although HIIT did not affect fetal growth, level of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the fetal tissues, some genes related to oxidative stress were altered in the fetal heart and liver indicating that protective mechanisms may be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Thomas Songstad
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Knut-Helge Frostmo Kaspersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Dragøy Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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49
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Traynham CJ, Cannavo A, Zhou Y, Vouga AG, Woodall BP, Hullmann J, Ibetti J, Gold JI, Chuprun JK, Gao E, Koch WJ. Differential Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 in Physiological Versus Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2015; 117:1001-12. [PMID: 26515328 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are dynamic regulators of cellular signaling. GRK5 is highly expressed within myocardium and is upregulated in heart failure. Although GRK5 is a critical regulator of cardiac G protein-coupled receptor signaling, recent data has uncovered noncanonical activity of GRK5 within nuclei that plays a key role in pathological hypertrophy. Targeted cardiac elevation of GRK5 in mice leads to exaggerated hypertrophy and early heart failure after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) because of GRK5 nuclear accumulation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of GRK5 in physiological, swimming-induced hypertrophy (SIH). METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac-specific GRK5 transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermate control mice were subjected to a 21-day high-intensity swim protocol (or no swim sham controls). SIH and specific molecular and genetic indices of physiological hypertrophy were assessed, including nuclear localization of GRK5, and compared with TAC. Unlike after TAC, swim-trained transgenic GRK5 and nontransgenic littermate control mice exhibited similar increases in cardiac growth. Mechanistically, SIH did not lead to GRK5 nuclear accumulation, which was confirmed in vitro as insulin-like growth factor-1, a known mediator of physiological hypertrophy, was unable to induce GRK5 nuclear translocation in myocytes. We found specific patterns of altered gene expression between TAC and SIH with GRK5 overexpression. Further, SIH in post-TAC transgenic GRK5 mice was able to preserve cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that although nuclear-localized GRK5 is a pathological mediator after stress, this noncanonical nuclear activity of GRK5 is not induced during physiological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Traynham
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Alexandre G Vouga
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Benjamin P Woodall
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Jonathan Hullmann
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Jessica I Gold
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
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50
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Davis RT, Simon JN, Utter M, Mungai P, Alvarez MG, Chowdhury SAK, Heydemann A, Ke Y, Wolska BM, Solaro RJ. Knockout of p21-activated kinase-1 attenuates exercise-induced cardiac remodelling through altered calcineurin signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:335-47. [PMID: 26464331 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite its known cardiovascular benefits, the intracellular signalling mechanisms underlying physiological cardiac growth remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a novel role of p21-activated kinase-1 (Pak1) in the regulation of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and Pak1 KO mice were subjected to 6 weeks of treadmill endurance exercise training (ex-training). Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography, in situ haemodynamics, and the pCa-force relations in skinned fibre preparations at baseline and at the end of the training regimen. Post-translational modifications to the sarcomeric proteins and expression levels of calcium-regulating proteins were also assessed following ex-training. Heart weight/tibia length and echocardiography data revealed that there was marked hypertrophy following ex-training in the WT mice, which was not evident in the KO mice. Additionally, following ex-training, WT mice demonstrated an increase in cardiac contractility, myofilament calcium sensitivity, and phosphorylation of cardiac myosin-binding protein C, cardiac TnT, and tropomyosin compared with KO mice. With ex-training in WT mice, there were also increased protein levels of calcineurin and increased phosphorylation of phospholamban. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Pak1 is essential for adaptive physiological cardiac remodelling and support previous evidence that demonstrates Pak1 signalling is important for cardiac growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Megan Utter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul Mungai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manuel G Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shamim A K Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ahlke Heydemann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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