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Shadab A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Saharkhiz M, Ahadi SH, Shokouhi B, Nahand JS. The interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications and animal model studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116673. [PMID: 38713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex of the innate immune system, serves an essential role in the pathogenesis of MS by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & IL-18) and the induction of pyroptotic cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main potential factors that can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lead to inflammation and axonal damage in MS. This highlights the importance of understanding how mitochondrial dynamics modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity and contribute to the inflammatory and neurodegenerative features of MS. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the urge for the introduction of new therapeutic strategies led us to review the therapeutic potential of targeting the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the NLRP3 inflammasome in MS. This paper also evaluates the natural and synthetic compounds that can improve mitochondrial function and/or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby providing neuroprotection. Moreover, it summarizes the evidence from animal models of MS that demonstrate the beneficial effects of these compounds on reducing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Finally, this review advocates for a deeper investigation into the molecular crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3 inflammasome as a means to refine therapeutic targets for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shadab
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Department of immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular and molecular research center, Birjand University of medical sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Shokouhi
- Pathology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Sousa-Squiavinato ACM, Morgado-Díaz JA. A glimpse into cofilin-1 role in cancer therapy: A potential target to improve clinical outcomes? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189087. [PMID: 38395237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cofilin-1 (CFL1) modulates dynamic actin networks by severing and enhancing depolymerization. The upregulation of cofilin-1 expression in several cancer types is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, recent discoveries indicated relevant cofilin-1 functions under oxidative stress conditions, interplaying with mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis networks. In this scenario, these emerging roles might impact the response to clinical therapy and could be used to enhance treatment efficacy. Here, we highlight new perspectives of cofilin-1 in the therapy resistance context and discussed how cofilin-1 is involved in these events, exploring aspects of its contribution to therapeutic resistance. We also provide an analysis of CFL1 expression in several tumors predicting survival. Therefore, understanding how exactly coflin-1 plays, particularly in therapy resistance, may pave the way to the development of treatment strategies and improvement of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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3
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Olejárová S, Horváth D, Huntošová V. The Remodulation of Actin Bundles during the Stimulation of Mitochondria in Adult Human Fibroblasts in Response to Light. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:20. [PMID: 38258031 PMCID: PMC10818370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
β-actin belongs to cytoskeletal structures that change dynamically in cells according to various stimuli. Human skin can be considered as an organ that is very frequently exposed to various stress factors, of which light plays an important role. The present study focuses on adult human fibroblasts exposed to two types of light stress. Orange light with a wavelength of 590 nm was used here to stimulate the photosensitizer localized in the cells as a residual dose of photodynamic therapy (PDT). On the other hand, near-infrared light with a wavelength of 808 nm was considered for photobiomodulation (PBM), which is often used in healing processes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe changes in intercellular communication, mitochondrial structures, and cytoskeletal dynamics defined by the remodulation of β-actin of fibroblasts. The number of β-actin bundles forming spherical structures was detected after light exposure. These structures as β-actin oligomers were confirmed with super-resolution microscopy. While PDT led to the disintegration of actin oligomers, PBM increased their number. The interaction of β-actin with mitochondria was observed. The combination of PDT and PBM treatments is important to minimize the side effects of cancer treatment with PDT on healthy cells, as shown by the cell metabolism assay in this work. In this work, β-actin is presented as an important parameter that changes and is involved in the response of cells to PDT and PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Olejárová
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Denis Horváth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia;
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4
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Kumpakha R, Gordon DM. Occidiofungin inhibition of Candida biofilm formation on silicone elastomer surface. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0246023. [PMID: 37816202 PMCID: PMC10715079 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02460-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Candida are opportunistic fungal pathogens with medical relevance given their association with superficial to life-threatening infections. An important component of Candida virulence is the ability to form a biofilm. These structures are highly resistant to antifungal therapies and are often the cause of treatment failure. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of the antifungal compound, occidiofungin, against Candida biofilms developed on a silicone surface. We demonstrate that occidiofungin eliminated cells at all stages of biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with our understanding of occidiofungin bioactivity, we noted alterations to actin organization and cell morphology following antifungal exposure. Given the challenges associated with the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, occidiofungin exhibits potential as a therapeutic antifungal agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Kumpakha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Donna M. Gordon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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5
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Zhu Q, Combs ME, Liu J, Bai X, Wang WB, Herring LE, Liu J, Locasale JW, Bowles DE, Gross RT, Pla MM, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 integrates PINK1-Parkin signaling and actin dynamics to mediate cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8187. [PMID: 38081847 PMCID: PMC10713658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase, PINK1, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin, are known to facilitate LC3-dependent autophagosomal encasement and lysosomal clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, and defects in this process contribute to a variety of cardiometabolic and neurological diseases. Although recent evidence indicates that dynamic actin remodeling plays an important role in PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), the underlying signaling mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identify the RhoGAP GRAF1 (Arhgap26) as a PINK1 substrate that regulates mitophagy. GRAF1 promotes the release of damaged mitochondria from F-actin anchors, regulates mitochondrial-associated Arp2/3-mediated actin remodeling and facilitates Parkin-LC3 interactions to enhance mitochondria capture by autophagosomes. Graf1 phosphorylation on PINK1-dependent sites is dysregulated in human heart failure, and cardiomyocyte-restricted Graf1 depletion in mice blunts mitochondrial clearance and attenuates compensatory metabolic adaptations to stress. Overall, we identify GRAF1 as an enzyme that coordinates cytoskeletal and metabolic remodeling to promote cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew E Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wenbo B Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ryan T Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Piñero-Pérez R, López-Cabrera A, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Cilleros-Holgado P, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Gómez-Fernández D, Reche-López D, Romero-González A, Romero-Domínguez JM, de Pablos RM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Actin Polymerization Defects Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cellular Models of Nemaline Myopathies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2023. [PMID: 38136143 PMCID: PMC10740811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common forms of congenital myopathy and it is identified by the presence of "nemaline bodies" (rods) in muscle fibers by histopathological examination. The most common forms of NM are caused by mutations in the Actin Alpha 1 (ACTA1) and Nebulin (NEB) genes. Clinical features include hypotonia and muscle weakness. Unfortunately, there is no curative treatment and the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this manuscript, we examined the pathophysiological alterations in NM using dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with mutations in ACTA1 and NEB genes. Patients' fibroblasts were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to analyze the polymerization of actin filaments by fluorescence microscopy. We found that patients' fibroblasts showed incorrect actin filament polymerization compared to control fibroblasts. Actin filament polymerization defects were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified two mitochondrial-boosting compounds, linoleic acid (LA) and L-carnitine (LCAR), that improved the formation of actin filaments in mutant fibroblasts and corrected mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our results indicate that cellular models can be useful to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NM and to find new potential therapies. Furthermore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with LA and LCAR can revert the pathological alterations in NM cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - José Manuel Romero-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto of Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
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7
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Townsend LN, Clarke H, Maddison D, Jones KM, Amadio L, Jefferson A, Chughtai U, Bis DM, Züchner S, Allen ND, Van der Goes van Naters W, Peters OM, Smith GA. Cdk12 maintains the integrity of adult axons by suppressing actin remodeling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:348. [PMID: 37730761 PMCID: PMC10511712 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the adult nervous system remains unclear. Cdk12 is enriched in terminally differentiated neurons where its conical role in the cell cycle progression is redundant. We find that in adult neurons Cdk12 acts a negative regulator of actin formation, mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal physiology. Cdk12 maintains the size of the axon at sites proximal to the cell body through the transcription of homeostatic enzymes in the 1-carbon by folate pathway which utilize the amino acid homocysteine. Loss of Cdk12 leads to elevated homocysteine and in turn leads to uncontrolled F-actin formation and axonal swelling. Actin remodeling further induces Drp1-dependent fission of mitochondria and the breakdown of axon-soma filtration barrier allowing soma restricted cargos to enter the axon. We demonstrate that Cdk12 is also an essential gene for long-term neuronal survival and loss of this gene causes age-dependent neurodegeneration. Hyperhomocysteinemia, actin changes, and mitochondrial fragmentation are associated with several neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and we provide a candidate molecular pathway to link together such pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Townsend
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - H Clarke
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - D Maddison
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - K M Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - L Amadio
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - A Jefferson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - U Chughtai
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - D M Bis
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Züchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N D Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - O M Peters
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - G A Smith
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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8
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Read TA, Cisterna BA, Skruber K, Ahmadieh S, Lindamood HL, Vitriol JA, Shi Y, Lefebvre AE, Black JB, Butler MT, Bear JE, Cherezova A, Ilatovskaya DV, Weintraub NL, Vitriol EA. The actin binding protein profilin 1 is critical for mitochondria function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552354. [PMID: 37609280 PMCID: PMC10441311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Profilin 1 (PFN1) is an actin binding protein that is vital for the polymerization of monomeric actin into filaments. Here we screened knockout cells for novel functions of PFN1 and discovered that mitophagy, a type of selective autophagy that removes defective or damaged mitochondria from the cell, was significantly upregulated in the absence of PFN1. Despite successful autophagosome formation and fusion with the lysosome, and activation of additional mitochondrial quality control pathways, PFN1 knockout cells still accumulate damaged, dysfunctional mitochondria. Subsequent imaging and functional assays showed that loss of PFN1 significantly affects mitochondria morphology, dynamics, and respiration. Further experiments revealed that PFN1 is located to the mitochondria matrix and is likely regulating mitochondria function from within rather than through polymerizing actin at the mitochondria surface. Finally, PFN1 mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) fail to rescue PFN1 knockout mitochondrial phenotypes and form aggregates within mitochondria, further perturbing them. Together, these results suggest a novel function for PFN1 in regulating mitochondria and identify a potential pathogenic mechanism of ALS-linked PFN1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy-Ann Read
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bruno A. Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Skruber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samah Ahmadieh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Halli L. Lindamood
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Josefine A. Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joseph B. Black
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell T. Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E. Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alena Cherezova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neil L. Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A. Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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9
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Davis J, Meyer T, Smolnig M, Smethurst DG, Neuhaus L, Heyden J, Broeskamp F, Edrich ES, Knittelfelder O, Kolb D, Haar TVD, Gourlay CW, Rockenfeller P. A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is required to prevent constitutive VDAC-dependent MAPK signalling and aberrant lipid homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:107539. [PMID: 37636069 PMCID: PMC10450525 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is required to coordinate many cellular processes, and a loss of its plasticity has been linked to accelerated cell aging and attenuation of adaptive response mechanisms. Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that controls actin dynamics and has been linked to mitochondrial signaling pathways that control drug resistance and cell death. Here we show that cofilin-driven chronic depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton activates cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and disrupts lipid homeostasis in a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)-dependent manner. Expression of the cof1-5 mutation, which reduces the dynamic nature of actin, triggers loss of cell wall integrity, vacuole fragmentation, disruption of lipid homeostasis, lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, and the promotion of cell death. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is therefore essential to maintain the fidelity of MAPK signaling, lipid homeostasis, and cell health in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Davis
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Neuhaus
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jonas Heyden
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Medical University of Graz, Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias von der Haar
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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10
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Di Conza G, Barbaro F, Zini N, Spaletta G, Remaggi G, Elviri L, Mosca S, Caravelli S, Mosca M, Toni R. Woven bone formation and mineralization by rat mesenchymal stromal cells imply increased expression of the intermediate filament desmin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1234569. [PMID: 37732119 PMCID: PMC10507407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1234569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disordered and hypomineralized woven bone formation by dysfunctional mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) characterize delayed fracture healing and endocrine -metabolic bone disorders like fibrous dysplasia and Paget disease of bone. To shed light on molecular players in osteoblast differentiation, woven bone formation, and mineralization by MSCs we looked at the intermediate filament desmin (DES) during the skeletogenic commitment of rat bone marrow MSCs (rBMSCs), where its bone-related action remains elusive. Results Monolayer cultures of immunophenotypically- and morphologically - characterized, adult male rBMSCs showed co-localization of desmin (DES) with vimentin, F-actin, and runx2 in all cell morphotypes, each contributing to sparse and dense colonies. Proteomic analysis of these cells revealed a topologically-relevant interactome, focused on cytoskeletal and related enzymes//chaperone/signalling molecules linking DES to runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Osteogenic differentiation led to mineralized woven bone nodules confined to dense colonies, significantly smaller and more circular with respect to controls. It significantly increased also colony-forming efficiency and the number of DES-immunoreactive dense colonies, and immunostaining of co-localized DES/runx-2 and DES/ALP. These data confirmed pre-osteoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation, woven bone formation, and mineralization, supporting DES as a player in the molecular pathway leading to the osteogenic fate of rBMSCs. Conclusion Immunocytochemical and morphometric studies coupled with proteomic and bioinformatic analysis support the concept that DES may act as an upstream signal for the skeletogenic commitment of rBMSCs. Thus, we suggest that altered metabolism of osteoblasts, woven bone, and mineralization by dysfunctional BMSCs might early be revealed by changes in DES expression//levels. Non-union fractures and endocrine - metabolic bone disorders like fibrous dysplasia and Paget disease of bone might take advantage of this molecular evidence for their early diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- Unit of Bologna, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Spaletta
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mosca
- Course on Disorders of the Locomotor System, Fellow Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Caravelli
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic, Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies (OSTEONET) Unit, Galliera Medical Center (GMC), San Venanzio di Galliera, BO, Italy
- Section IV - Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Rodríguez-Graciani KM, Escobales N, Javadov S. Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1517. [PMID: 37627512 PMCID: PMC10451443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion, known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, regulates ion homeostasis, redox state, cell proliferation and differentiation, and lipid synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) controls mitochondrial metabolism and function. It possesses high levels of proteins that account for ~70% of the membrane mass and are involved in the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, energy transfer, and ion transport, among others. The mitochondrial matrix volume plays a crucial role in IMM remodeling. Several ion transport mechanisms, particularly K+ and Ca2+, regulate matrix volume. Small increases in matrix volume through IMM alterations can activate mitochondrial respiration, whereas excessive swelling can impair the IMM topology and initiates mitochondria-mediated cell death. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, the well-characterized phenomenon with unknown molecular identity, in low- and high-conductance modes are involved in physiological and pathological increases of matrix volume. Despite extensive studies, the precise mechanisms underlying changes in matrix volume and IMM structural remodeling in response to energy and oxidative stressors remain unknown. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the mechanisms involved in regulating mitochondrial matrix volume, IMM remodeling, and the crosstalk between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (N.E.)
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12
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Humphries BA, Zhang A, Buschhaus JM, Bevoor A, Farfel A, Rajendran S, Cutter AC, Luker GD. Enhanced mitochondrial fission inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell migration through an ROS-dependent mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:106788. [PMID: 37235049 PMCID: PMC10206500 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function in signal transduction. Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing morphological shifts between fission and fusion, can directly impact ROS levels in cancer cells. In this study, we identified an ROS-dependent mechanism for how enhanced mitochondrial fission inhibits triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration. We found that enforcing mitochondrial fission in TNBC resulted in an increase in intracellular ROS levels and reduced cell migration and the formation of actin-rich migratory structures. Consistent with mitochondrial fission, increasing ROS levels in cells inhibited cell migration. Conversely, reducing ROS levels with either a global or mitochondrially targeted scavenger overcame the inhibitory effects of mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, we found that the ROS sensitive SHP-1/2 phosphatases partially regulate inhibitory effects of mitochondrial fission on TNBC migration. Overall, our work reveals the inhibitory effects of ROS in TNBC and supports mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johanna M. Buschhaus
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Avinash Bevoor
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex Farfel
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shrila Rajendran
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cutter
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Liu M, Deng M, Luo Q, Sun P, Liang A, Li X, Luo X, Pan J, Zhang W, Mo M, Guo X, Dou X, Jia Z. Metabolic reprogramming of renal epithelial cells contributes to lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166765. [PMID: 37245528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lithium, mainstay treatment for bipolar disorder, frequently causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and renal injury. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here we used the analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics and metabolic intervention in a lithium-induced NDI model. Mice were treated with lithium chloride (40 mmol/kg chow) and rotenone (ROT, 100 ppm) in diet for 28 days. Transmission electron microscopy showed extensive mitochondrial structural abnormalities in whole nephron. ROT treatment markedly ameliorated lithium-induced NDI and mitochondrial structural abnormalities. Moreover, ROT attenuated the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential in line with the upregulation of mitochondrial genes in kidney. Metabolomics and transcriptomics data demonstrated that lithium activated galactose metabolism, glycolysis, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. All these events were indicative of metabolic reprogramming in kidney cells. Importantly, ROT ameliorated metabolic reprogramming in NDI model. Based on transcriptomics analysis, we also found the activation of MAPK, mTOR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and impaired focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction and actin cytoskeleton in Li-NDI model were inhibited or attenuated by ROT treatment. Meanwhile, ROT administration inhibited the increase of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in NDI kidneys along with enhanced SOD2 expression. Finally, we observed that ROT partially restored reduced the reduced AQP2 and enhanced urinary sodium excretion along with the blockade of increased PGE2 output. Taken together, the current study demonstrates that mitochondrial abnormalities and metabolic reprogramming play a key role in lithium-induced NDI, as well as the dysregulated signaling pathways, thereby serving as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mokan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ailin Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Xiulin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Xiaojie Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Jianyi Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Min Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrui Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital, Foshan 528300, China.
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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14
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Deng Z, Gao Y, Nguyen T, Chai J, Wu J, Li J, Abdel-Rahman MA, Xu X, Chen X. The Potent Antitumor Activity of Smp43 against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells via Inducing Membranolysis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050347. [PMID: 37235381 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has been conducted to investigate the potential application of scorpion venom-derived peptides in cancer therapy. Smp43, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from Scorpio maurus palmatus venom, has been found to exhibit suppressive activity against the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. However, its impact on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of Smp43 towards various NSCLC cell lines, particularly A549 cells with an IC50 value of 2.58 μM. The results indicated that Smp43 was internalized into A549 cells through membranolysis and endocytosis, which caused cytoskeleton disorganization, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and abnormal apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and autophagy due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the study explored the in vivo protective effect of Smp43 in xenograft mice. The findings suggest that Smp43 has potential anticarcinoma properties exerted via the inducement of cellular processes related to cell membrane disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yahua Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tienthanh Nguyen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | | | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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15
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Zhang J, Pan L, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Wang W, Lin N, Zhang S, Wu Q. MFN2 deficiency affects calcium homeostasis in lung adenocarcinoma cells via downregulation of UCP4. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 36877954 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a transmembrane GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fusion and thereby modulates mitochondrial function. However, the role of MFN2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effect of MFN2 regulation on mitochondria in lung adenocarcinoma. We found that MFN2 deficiency resulted in decreased UCP4 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction in A549 and H1975 cells. UCP4 overexpression restored ATP and intracellular calcium concentration, but not mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential or reactive oxygen species level. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis identified 460 overlapping proteins after independent overexpression of MFN2 and UCP4; these proteins were significantly enriched in the cytoskeleton, energy production, and calponin homology (CH) domains. Moreover, the calcium signaling pathway was confirmed to be enriched in KEGG pathway analysis. We also found by protein-protein interaction network analysis that PINK1 may be a key regulator of MFN2- and UCP4-mediated calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, PINK1 increased MFN2/UCP4-mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in A549 and H1975 cells. Finally, we demonstrated that low expression levels of MFN2 and UCP4 in lung adenocarcinoma are associated with poor clinical prognosis. In conclusion, our data suggest not only a potential role of MFN2 and UCP4 in co-regulating calcium homeostasis in lung adenocarcinoma but also their potential use as therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Pan
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Business Technicians Institute, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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16
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Drug-tolerant persister B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530540. [PMID: 36909619 PMCID: PMC10002708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced responsiveness of precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) to chemotherapy can be inferred when leukemia cells persist after 28 days of initial treatment. Survival of these long-term persister (LTP) / minimal residual disease (MRD) cells is partly due to bone marrow stromal cells that protect them under conditions of chemotherapy stress. We used RNA-seq to analyse BCP-ALL cells that survived a long-term, 30-day vincristine chemotherapy treatment while in co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells. RNAs of as many as 10% of the protein-encoding genes were differentially expressed. There was substantial overlap with genes associated with MRD cell persistence reported in other studies. The top pathway regulated in the LTP cells was that involving p53, a master regulator of a spectrum of responses relevant to drug resistance and cytotoxic drug exposure including control of autophagy. We tested a select number of genes for contribution to BCP-ALL cell survival using Cas9/CRISPR in a 2-step selection, initially for overall effect on cell fitness, followed by 21 days of exposure to vincristine. Many genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function were found to contribute to survival both at steady-state and during drug treatment. We also identified MYH9, NCSTN and KIAA2013 as specific genes contributing to fitness of BCP-ALL cells. CD44 was not essential for growth under steady state conditions but was needed for survival of vincristine treatment. Finally, although the drug transporter ABCC1/MRP1 is not overexpressed in BCP-ALL, a functional gene was needed for DTP cells to survive treatment with vincristine. This suggests that addition of possible ABCC1 inhibitors during induction therapy could provide benefit in eradication of minimal residual disease in patients treated with a chemotherapy regimen that includes vincristine.
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17
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Tiwari-Heckler S, Robson SC, Longhi MS. Mitochondria Drive Immune Responses in Critical Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244113. [PMID: 36552877 PMCID: PMC9777392 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria engage in multiple cellular and extracellular signaling pathways ranging from metabolic control, antiviral and antibacterial host defense to the modulation of inflammatory responses following cellular damage and stress. The remarkable contributions of these organelles to innate and adaptive immunity, shape cell phenotype and modulate their functions during infection, after trauma and in the setting of inflammatory disease. We review the latest knowledge of mitochondrial biology and then discuss how these organelles may impact immune cells to drive aberrant immune responses in critical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg Medical Clinic, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Knox EG, Aburto MR, Tessier C, Nagpal J, Clarke G, O’Driscoll CM, Cryan JF. Microbial-derived metabolites induce actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and protect blood-brain barrier function. iScience 2022; 25:105648. [PMID: 36505934 PMCID: PMC9732410 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences host brain function, but the underlying gut-brain axis connections and molecular processes remain unclear. One pathway along this bidirectional communication system involves circulating microbially derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which include butyrate and propionate. Brain endothelium is the main interface of communication between circulating signals and the brain, and it constitutes the main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we used a well-established in vitro BBB model treated with physiologically relevant concentrations of butyrate and propionate with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine the effects of SCFAs on the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction protein structure. Both SCFAs induced distinct alterations to filamentous actin directionality. SCFAs also increased tight junction protein spikes and protected from LPS-induced tight-junction mis-localization, improved BBB integrity, and modulated mitochondrial network dynamics. These findings identify the actin cytoskeletal dynamics as another target further illuminating how SCFAs can influence BBB physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Knox
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria R. Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Corresponding author
| | - Carmen Tessier
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Corresponding author
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19
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Nguyen T, Guo R, Chai J, Wu J, Liu J, Chen X, Abdel-Rahman MA, Xia H, Xu X. Smp24, a Scorpion-Venom Peptide, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Effects against Hepatoma HepG2 Cells via Multi-Mechanisms In Vivo and In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100717. [PMID: 36287985 PMCID: PMC9607800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion-venom-derived peptides have become a promising anticancer agent due to their cytotoxicity against tumor cells via multiple mechanisms. The suppressive effect of the cationic antimicrobial peptide Smp24, which is derived from the venom of ScorpioMaurus palmatus, on the proliferation of the hepatoma cell line HepG2 has been reported earlier. However, its mode of action against HepG2 hepatoma cells remains unclear. In the current research, Smp24 was discovered to suppress the viability of HepG2 cells while having a minor effect on normal LO2 cells. Moreover, endocytosis and pore formation were demonstrated to be involved in the uptake of Smp24 into HepG2 cells, which subsequently interacted with the mitochondrial membrane and caused the decrease in its potential, cytoskeleton reorganization, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alteration of apoptosis- and autophagy-related signaling pathways. The protecting activity of Smp24 in the HepG2 xenograft mice model was also demonstrated. Therefore, our data suggest that the antitumor effect of Smp24 is closely related to the induction of cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, and autophagy via cell membrane disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a potential alternative in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienthanh Nguyen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruiyin Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junfang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | | | - Hu Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-20-61648537 (X.X.)
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-20-61648537 (X.X.)
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20
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Kaseder M, Schmid N, Eubler K, Goetz K, Müller-Taubenberger A, Dissen GA, Harner M, Wanner G, Imhof A, Forne I, Mayerhofer A. Evidence of a role for cAMP in mitochondrial regulation in ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6659106. [PMID: 35944223 PMCID: PMC9802053 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ovary, proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells (GCs) drive follicular growth. Our immunohistochemical study in a non-human primate, the Rhesus monkey, showed that the mitochondrial activity marker protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4) increases in GCs in parallel to follicle size, and furthermore, its intracellular localization changes. This suggested that there is mitochondrial biogenesis and trafficking, and implicates the actions of gonadotropins, which regulate follicular growth and ovulation. Human KGN cells, i.e. granulosa tumour cells, were therefore used to study these possibilities. To robustly elevate cAMP, and thereby mimic the actions of gonadotropins, we used forskolin (FSK). FSK increased the cell size and the amount of mitochondrial DNA of KGN cells within 24 h. As revealed by MitoTracker™ experiments and ultrastructural 3D reconstruction, FSK treatment induced the formation of elaborate mitochondrial networks. H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, reduced the network formation. A proteomic analysis indicated that FSK elevated the levels of regulators of the cytoskeleton, among others (data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032160). The steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1 (Cytochrome P450 Family 11 Subfamily A Member 1), located in mitochondria, was more than 3-fold increased by FSK, implying that the cAMP/PKA-associated structural changes occur in parallel with the acquisition of steroidogenic competence of mitochondria in KGN cells. In summary, the observations show increases in mitochondria and suggest intracellular trafficking of mitochondria in GCs during follicular growth, and indicate that they may partially be under the control of gonadotropins and cAMP. In line with this, increased cAMP in KGN cells profoundly affected mitochondrial dynamics in a PKA-dependent manner and implicated cytoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katharina Goetz
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gregory A Dissen
- Molecular Virology Core, Oregon Health & Science University Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Max Harner
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Department Biology I, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Correspondence address. Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail:
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21
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Shen LL, Waheed A, Wang YP, Nkurikiyimfura O, Wang ZH, Yang LN, Zhan J. Mitochondrial Genome Contributes to the Thermal Adaptation of the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928464. [PMID: 35836411 PMCID: PMC9273971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital element of climate change, elevated temperatures resulting from global warming present new challenges to natural and agricultural sustainability, such as ecological disease management. Mitochondria regulate the energy production of cells in responding to environmental fluctuation, but studying their contribution to the thermal adaptation of species is limited. This knowledge is needed to predict future disease epidemiology for ecology conservation and food security. Spatial distributions of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in 405 Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from 15 locations were characterized. The contribution of MtDNA to thermal adaptation was evaluated by comparative analysis of mtDNA frequency and intrinsic growth rate, relative population differentiation in nuclear and mtDNA, and associations of mtDNA distribution with local geography climate conditions. Significant variation in frequency, intrinsic growth rate, and spatial distribution was detected in mtDNA. Population differentiation in mtDNA was significantly higher than that in the nuclear genome, and spatial distribution of mtDNA was strongly associated with local climatic conditions and geographic parameters, particularly air temperature, suggesting natural selection caused by a local temperature is the main driver of the adaptation. Dominant mtDNA grew faster than the less frequent mtDNA. Our results provide useful insights into the evolution of pathogens under global warming. Given its important role in biological functions and adaptation to local air temperature, mtDNA intervention has become an increasing necessity for future disease management. To secure ecological integrity and food production under global warming, a synergistic study on the interactive effect of changing temperature on various components of biological and ecological functions of mitochondria in an evolutionary frame is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Shen
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zong-Hua Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Na Yang
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Adinew GM, Messeha SS, Taka E, Badisa RB, Antonie LM, Soliman KFA. Thymoquinone Alterations of the Apoptotic Gene Expressions and Cell Cycle Arrest in Genetically Distinct Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:2120. [PMID: 35631261 PMCID: PMC9144154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC), a subtype of BC, is typically associated with the highest pathogenic grade and incidence in premenopausal and young African American (AA) women. Chemotherapy, the most common treatment for TNBC today, can lead to acquired resistance and ineffective treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to combat medication resistance and ineffectiveness in TNBC patients. Thymoquinone (TQ) is shown to have a cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells in vitro. However, TQ's mode of action and precise mechanism in TNBC disease in vitro have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, TQ's effects on the genetically different MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were assessed. The data obtained show that TQ displayed cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24 h, with IC50 values of 25.37 µM and 27.39 µM, respectively. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in a scratched wound-healing assay displayed poor wound closure, inhibiting invasion and migration via cell cycle blocking after 24 h. TQ arrested the cell cycle phase in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The three cell cycle stages in MDA-MB-468 cells were significantly affected at 15 and 20 µM for G0/G1 and S phases, as well as all TQ concentrations for G2/M phases. In MDA-MB-468 cells, there was a significant decrease in G0/G1 phases with a substantial increase in the S phase and G2/M phases. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 showed a significant effect only during the two cell cycle stages (S and G2/M), at concentrations of 15 and 20 µM for S phases and all TQ values for G2/M phases. The TQ effect on the apoptotic gene profiles indicated that TQ upregulated 15 apoptotic genes in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, including caspases, GADD45A, TP53, DFFA, DIABLO, BNIP3, TRAF2/3, and TNFRSF10A. In MDA-MB-468 cells, 16 apoptotic genes were upregulated, including TNFRSF10A, TNF, TNFRSF11B, FADD TNFRSF10B, CASP2, and TRAF2, all of which are important for the apoptotic pathway andsuppress the expression of one anti-apoptotic gene, BIRC5, in MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, elevated levels of TNF and their receptor proteins may contribute to their increased sensitivity to TQ-induced apoptosis. It was concluded from this study that TQ targets the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells differently. Additionally, due to the aggressive nature of TNBC and the lack of specific therapies in chemoresistant TNBC, our findings related to the identified apoptotic gene profile may point to TQ as a potential agent for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.S.M.); (E.T.); (R.B.B.); (L.M.A.)
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23
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Grespi F, Vianello C, Cagnin S, Giacomello M, De Mario A. The Interplay of Microtubules with Mitochondria–ER Contact Sites (MERCs) in Glioblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040567. [PMID: 35454156 PMCID: PMC9030160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous neoplasms, classified into grade I to IV according to their malignancy and the presence of specific histological/molecular hallmarks. The higher grade of glioma is known as glioblastoma (GB). Although progress has been made in surgical and radiation treatments, its clinical outcome is still unfavorable. The invasive properties of GB cells and glioma aggressiveness are linked to the reshaping of the cytoskeleton. Recent works suggest that the different susceptibility of GB cells to antitumor immune response is also associated with the extent and function of mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs). The presence of MERCs alterations could also explain the mitochondrial defects observed in GB models, including abnormalities of energy metabolism and disruption of apoptotic and calcium signaling. Based on this evidence, the question arises as to whether a MERCs–cytoskeleton crosstalk exists, and whether GB progression is linked to an altered cytoskeleton–MERCs interaction. To address this possibility, in this review we performed a meta-analysis to compare grade I and grade IV GB patients. From this preliminary analysis, we found that GB samples (grade IV) are characterized by altered expression of cytoskeletal and MERCs related genes. Among them, the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4 or CLIMP-63) appears particularly interesting as it encodes a MERCs protein controlling the ER anchoring to microtubules (MTs). Although further in-depth analyses remain necessary, this perspective review may provide new hints to better understand GB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that cytoskeletal and MERCs alterations cooperate to exacerbate the cellular phenotype of high-grade GB and that MERCs players can be exploited as novel biomarkers/targets to enhance the current therapy for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grespi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
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